Philips daughter he married a mayde and loued hir full déerely and after he had children by hir he gaue hir to his friend Hortensio that was desirous of children and could not get a fruitefull wife and when she was with child by him he receyued hir home again as with interest This was Catos behauiour The Vticenses buryed him verye honorably Caesar fayde that Cato enuyed his glorious procéedings Cicero made a booke in the praise of him and called it Cato Caesar made another in the disprayse of him and called it Anticato Iuba and Petreius hearing what was done and thinking no saferie nor escape to be left for them with their swordes killed one another in their house Caesar made Iubas Kingdome tributarie to Rome and appointed Crispus Salustius to be Lieutenant of it He pardoned the Vticenses and Catos sonne and a daughter of Pompey wyth two little childrē whome he tooke at Vtica he sent safe to Pompey Of the thrée hundred as many as he found he put to death Lucius Scipio the Generall kéeping the seas all Winter till he fell amōg the enimies behaued himselfe very valiantly till he was ouercome and then stroke himselfe and lept into the Sea. This was the end of Caesars warre in Libya Then he went to Rome and made foure triumphes of the Frēch of the which he had ouerthrowne many and greate nations and the other reuolting he brought to order of Pharnace at Pontus of Libya and the confederates of Scipio where Iuba the sonne of Iuba the wrighter of Histories béeyng yet an infant was brought He shewed also a certaine triumph of Aegipt with a fighte by water at Nilus whiche was done betwéene the French and the Pharnatian triumph but he refrayned from triumphing of the Romaines as ciuil matter not fit for him lothsome and vnlucky to y Romaines to be shewed in triumph yet all the chances and y men in pictures diuers images Pompey except he brought in him only he forbad to be shewed bicause he was so wel beloued of all sorts The people though they were afrayd sighed at this sighte especially when they saw Lucius Scipis the generall strike himselfe to the heart fall into the Sea Petreius in his tent so to kill himselfe and Cato tearing his bowels like a brute beast but at the death of Achillas and Photinus they reioyced and at the flight of Pharnaces they laughed The money that was brought in the triumphes is said to be 70. Talents and an halfe and two thousande eyght hundred two and twenty Crownes of gold the waight whereof did excéede twenty thousand foure hundred fouretéene pound waight by the which after y triumphes were ended he performed al that he had promised to his army more to To euery souldier he gaue fiue M. drammes of Athens to a leader of a bande twice so much to a Captayne of a thousande and a Lieutenante of Horsemen twice so muche more and to euery one of the people one pounde of Athens Hée exhibited manye shewes of horse and musicke and fighting on foote one thousand against an other and of horsemen two thousand against so many and other of footemen and Horsemen mingled togither and of Elephantes twentye agaynste twentye and a fight by Sea of foure hundred Galleys and a thousande of eyther side He erected a Temple to Venus hys auncester as hée vowed at Pharsalo and about the temple a goodly court which he would should be called the Romaines court not for bying and selling but for conference as among the Persians there is for them that will haue any doubt discussed touching iustice The Image of Cleopatra was set vp by the Goddesse very faire whiche is yet séene there A view of the people was made and they foūd scarcely halfe so many men aliue as were before the beginning of the warre so much had contention wasted the Citie Now was he made Consull the fourth time and went into Iberia against yong Pompey as to the leauings of the ciuill warre not to be neglected for all the best men that fledde out of Libya resorted to him and all the remnant of the armies at Pharsalo and other places repaired thither Of y Iberianes and Celtiberianes very valiant natiōs vsed to the warres and of slaues a multitude dyd serue Pompey and hauing bin exercised foure yeares were ready to fight with desperate minde Pompey putting great trust in this refused not to fighte but woulde néedes trye it out wyth Caesar as soone as he came But the auntient and wise mē in experience that were come from Pharsalo and Lybia did rather aduise him to consume Caesar in time and to distresse him with want as in those strange places he might Caesar came from Rome in seauē and twenty dayes passing a long way with a greate army and suche a feare fell among them that he broughte as neuer did before bycause of the multitude experience and desperation of the enimies wherefore Caesar came the flowlyer forth and bycause he vsed some foresight Pompey came lustily vpon him and vpbrayded him of fearefulnes which rebuke Caesar could not suffer but made order for the battell at Corduba his worde was Venus and Pompeys Pietie When they shoulde goe to it a feare and dreadfull slouthfulnesse tooke Caesars army wherefore he besought all the Goddes and held vp his hands to Heauen that he might not lose all his noble actes by this one Battell and therefore went about the army and exhorted them to be bold He pulled his headpeece from his head that they might sée his face and so receyue good heart but they for all that could not put awaye their feare till Caesar tooke a Target from one of them and to the Captaynes about him thus sayde Shall this be the ende to mée of life and to you of seruice and ranne from the army so farre as he was but tenne foote from his enimies who threwe two hundred dartes at him of the which he shunned part and part he receyued on the Target Then his Captaynes ranne aboute him euery man and the whole army set forward with great violēce and foughte all daye sometime with aduantage and sometyme with disaduantage sometime winning and sometime losing tyll at night he gote the victory with muche adoe so as he sayde at other times he had fought for victory but now he fought for life There was great slaughter of Pompeys part which fledde to Corduba And Caesar that they shoulde not gather agayne to a news fight commaunded his army to compasse the Citie They being wéery of the former payne tooke the bodyes and the armure of them that were slayne and bare them betwéene them and making them fast to the earth with their speares vsed them for a Trench The next morning the Citie was taken of Pompeys captaynes Scapula made a fire and threwe himselfe into the flame The heads of
opening to the West nor be stayed with anchor but were broken against the rockes or crushed of themselues which euill was augmented by the comming on of the night When it was calme Caesar huried the dead healed the hurte clothed the swimmers and amended the losse as well as he colde He lost sixe great shippes and .xxvj. of the lesse sorte very many of the small vessels To amend this want .xxx. dayes were required now summer went away Therefore it was thought best to deferre the warre til the next SuÌ„mer. But bicause the people was oppressed with penurie he repayred his nauies as wel as he coulde got of his friendes some helpe whiche he sente to supply Taurus number After this losse Maecenas was sent to Rome to appease them that yet had remembrance of Pompey by the way himselfe wente into italie bad the new landed men be of good chéere and with great spéede came to Tarent to view Taurus nauie froÌ„ thence he went to Vibo chéered the legions and trimmed the shippes to inuade Sicelie shortly againe Pompey tooke none aduauntage of this occasion only he made sacrifices to Neptune and to Salatia whose sonne now forsooth he would néedes be called thinking certainly that Gad fauoured him so much as he would giue him victorie still And was so inflamed with this successe as he chaunged his purple robe into an azure as adopted of Neptune He thought Caesar would not haue stirred but wheÌ„ he heard he returned againe he was stroken downe bicause he sawe he had to do with an inuincible minde Yet he sent Menodorus with .vij. shippes whiche he brought to espie his doyings He disdayning that he had not his old authoritie perceiuing he was had in suspitioÌ„ bicause he had no more shippes than he brought determined to flée againe And thinking that it woulde turne to his good if he shewed any feate worthy prayse he gaue all his money to his companions with great hast came vpoÌ„ Caesars nauie with such a violeÌ„ce as he tooke the ships y lay for the garde of the nauie sometime two at once sometime thrée the ships of burden he drowned burned led away made great affray in y coast Caesar Agrippa being absent who was gone to prepare matter for the nauy Than he fel to flouting of his enimies he droue his shippe into a softe oâ—e pretended he had bin a grouÌ„d which they thought to haue bene true and ranne to catche him as a coÌ„mon pray whiche when he perceyued he went away laughed whereat Caesars Souldiours were much agrieued WheÌ„ he had shewed what seruice he could do he deliuered Rebilus a Senator whom he had taken making his way so Than he fayned that Vinidius a familiar of Caesars woulde flée away to him and sayling nigh the enimy he desired to speake with Vinidus of matters that concerned them both Which when it was graunted and they méeting alone he tolde hym that his fléeyng agayne to Pompey was for despightes that Caluisius had done him But nowe that Agrippa was the Admirall hée woulde returne agayne to Caesars seruice so Vinidius would bryng him assuraunce from Messala that was Agrippas Leiftenant promysing to recompence his faulte with singular seruice but tyll he had his assuraunce he sayde he would molest them as he had done to auoyde suspition and so dyd Messala doubted at the firste as of a matter not honest but at length hée grauÌ„ted it eyther for the necessitie of time or for that he knewe Caesar woulde be content Thus once agayne hée fled and when hée came so Caesar he knéeled to him and asked pardon before hée shewed the cause of his former faulte Caesar bycause of promise was content to pardon him and appoynted kéepers to him and gaue leaue to the Capitaynes of his Galleys to go whither they woulde Than Caesar tooke his iourney againe commaundyng Messala to take two legions and ioyne with Lepidus and go to the hauen that is next Tauromino He sente thrée others to Stilida in the furdest parte of the Sea to abyde occasion He commaunded Taurus to goe to mount Silatio that is a mountaine against Tauromino Whiche hée did beyng both fitte for the fight and for the passages The army by land followed was scouted with light horsemen the nauy with Brigandines and Foystes Caesar came from Vibone and praysed the order and returned to Vibo Pompey placed garrisons on the coast of Sicelie and kept his nauie at Messina to helpe when néede were To Lepidus came out of Africa the other foure legions with whom Papias a Capitayne of Pompeis met and by a pretence of friendship destroyed them For they thought hée had bene sente of Lepidus to conduct them and gaue place Two of y legions perished in the sea if any escaped by swimming Tisienus killed them on lande Caesar sayled from Vibone into Strongile one of the Aeolian IlaÌ„ds sending foystes to espie the coast and perceyuing many shippes aboute Pelorus Milis and Tyndaride he thought Pompey had bene there Therefore he left Agrippa his Lieftenaunt and went agayne to Libon FroÌ„ thence he wente againe to Taurus campe with Messala and thrée legions minding to take Taurominio in Pompeis absence and inuade him in two places at once Agrippa passed from Stongyle to Hiera and tooke it The next day he went to Myla to match with Democharis who had .xl. shippes Pompeius doubting of Agrippas purposes sent other .xlv. shippes to Democharis vnder the leading of Apollophanes his late bondman hée folowing with .lxx. more Before day Agrippa set forth with halfe his nauie to fight with Papia alone but when he saw Apollophanes nauie and the rest of Pompeis shippes hée signified to Caesar that Pompey was at Myla with the greater parte of his nauie He kept the battel with his great shippes coÌ„maunding al the roste to kéepe course to Hiera the preparation was great on bothe sides and the shippes had turrets both at sterne and pompe When the exhortation was giuen they beganne the fight Caesars vpon the face the others vpon the sides fetching compasses Pompeis shippes were lighte and litle apte to turne and returne aboute the enimies Caesars were great beauie and therefore the slower but of more force both to offende and defende In them the Soldiours were more manly in the other the mariners they gotte aduantage by compassing aboute breaking the sternes sides of the enimie and with a violeÌ„ce somtime gaue as great a blow as they tooke On the contrary side Caesars ships with their sternes easily put backe these other being little and either crushed or pearced them and when they fought at hande they combred them with shotte and with hookes helde them harde and then woulde they Icape into the sea and were takeÌ„ vp againe of the litle botes that wayted on the shippes Agrippa gaue an onset vpon Papia his shippe
but many moe were wounded Norbanus fledde to Capua Sylla and Metellus being at Theano Lucius Scipio came with an other armye verye faintly and desired peace might be made They that were wyth Sylla sent to Scipio to agrée vpon articles not so much hoping so to do any good as bycause they thought his army woulde rather reuolt by reason of their discouragemeÌ„t yet they met Scipio tooke hostages for the agréemeÌ„ts went came into the field Thrée of eyther side did conferre so as it was not knowen what they dyd Scipio thought good to send Sertorius to Norbanus his felow to signifie what was spoken of both armies remaining in quiet loking for answere Sertorius in his iourney tooke Swessa that was a towne of Syllas Sylla sent a messenger to complaine with Scipio He either priuie to the fact or doubting of the answere as a thing not fitte for Sertorius sent the hostages againe to Sylla His army being offended at this déede of Sertorius in a time of treaty and at the sending againe of the hostages not being required layde al the blame vpon the Consuls priuily coÌ„pacted to reuolt to Sylla if he would draw néere which he doing they al weÌ„t vnto him leauing Scipio the Consull Lucius his sonne in the tente were taken of Sylla Me thinke it is a strange thing farre vnfitte for a Captayne to be ignoraÌ„t of such a practise of his whole army WheÌ„ Sylla could not persuade Scipio he did let him his sonne goe without hurte sent other meÌ„ to Norbanus to treate of conditions eyther bycause he was afraid of the force of Italy y conspired with the Consuls or y he went about to deceiue him as he had done Scipio but no man coÌ„ming with answer bycause it séemeth Norbanus feared the like blame of his army Sylla marched toward him wasting al things as an enimie Norbanus did the like but toke other wayes Carbo made hast to the Citie proclaimed Metellus other that were gone to Sylla Rebels At this time the Capitoll was on fire some say it was Carboes worke or the Consuls some say Sylla sente to do it but the certeÌ„tie is vnknowen I could neuer learne which way it came Sertorius being before choseÌ„ Pretor of Iberia after he had deteined Swessâ— he fled into his prouince and the former Prefors not receiuing him it caused the Romaines to haue much to do The army of y Consuls encreased euery day froÌ„ the more part of Italy from the hither side of France aboute Eridanus the Riuer Sylla was not idle but sente some of his into euery place of Italy He gote many for loue some for feare some for money and some for hope and thus was the rest of that Sommer consumed The yeare folowing Paptrius Carbo agayne and Marius nephew to the mighty Marius being xxvij yeares old were chosen Consuls the Winter the cold continuing long did deuide theÌ„ asunder At the beginning of the Spring about the floud Aesis froÌ„ morning tyl midday was a greate battaile fought betwixt Metellus and Carinna one of Carbos Pretors at the which Carinna losing manye fled away all the Countrey yéelded to Metellus forseâ—ke the Consuls Carbo came vpoÌ„ Metellus beseged him til he heard y Marius the other Consull had a great ouerthrow at Preneste Then he remoued his CaÌ„p toward Arimino y rereward wherof was set on of Pompeius and greately distressed Sylla tooke Settâ— Marius who was lodged nigh him withdrew by little little til he was come to the place called Holy Port there he set his meÌ„ in order and gaue Sylla a battel in y which he fought very fearcely til his left wing began to giue backe of the which fiue baÌ„ds of footemen two of HorsemeÌ„ not loking for any other turne threw downe their ensignes fled to Sylla this was the cause of Marius ruine for after many were slayne y rest fled to Preneste whom Sylla followed in chace The Prenestines did receyue them that came first but when they saw Sylla at hand they shut the gates tooke in Marius with ropes The other about the walles were al slayne taken wherof many being Samnites Sylla coÌ„manded to be killed as antient enimies to the Romaines At this time also the residue of Carbes army was ouercome of Metellus fiue bands whiles they fought reuolting vnto him Pompeius ouerthrewe Marcius at Sena sacked the Citie Sylla hauing Marius shut in Preneste made a treÌ„ch about the Citie a great wall a good way off appointing Lucretius Offella to y charge not otherwise meaning to deale with Marius but with famine Marius not loking for any help would néedes kill his priuate enimies and sent to Brutus the Pretor of y Citie to assemble theÌ„ for another purpose to kil Pub. Ant stius the other Papirius Carbo Lucius Domitius Lucius Sceuola the great Bishop of the Romaines These two were slayne in couÌ„sell as Marius commanded Domitius fléeing was strickeÌ„ at his going out Sceuola was slaine a little before the Senate house Their bodies were cast into the Riuer for now it was out of vse to burie theÌ„ that were killed Sylla sent his army seuerally by diuers wayes to Rome willed theÌ„ to take the gates of the Citie if they were repulsed to retyre to Ostia The Cities receiued theÌ„ as they came with great feare and opened their Gates wheÌ„ they would come in and wheÌ„ they came to the Citie it selfe they opened the Gates for being pined wyth hunger and oppressed with desperation of presente euils they were in vre to suffer the mightier power whiche Sylla when hée knew came forward with his Camp and planted it in the fielde of Mars before the gates and entred All the contrarye faction fléeing out of the Citie their goodes he made common or caused them to be sold by Trumpet He called the people to a Counsell and lamenting the present time badde them be of a good chéere for he woulde set all in quiet and bring the common wealthe to better estate and whatsoeuer he should ordeyne all should be for the best Hauing thus disposed his matters leauing certayne of his friends to garde the Citie he went to Clusio where the remnant of the warre was In the meane time certayne Spanishe Horsemen sente from the Captaynes of Iberia came to the Consuls with whome Sylla making a fight on Horsebacke he kylled fiftie of them at the floud Clanâ—â— and two hundred and 70. fledde vnto him the residue Carbo destroyed eyther hating the suddaine reuolting of that natioÌ„ or fearing the like losse by them At that time with the other part of his armyes Sylla ouercame his enimies about Saturnia and Metellus comming to Rauenna by shippe did winne the region of the Vritanes abundante with grasse and Corne. Certayne other of Syllas people entring Naples
by treason in the nighte slewe all that were there sauing a few that fledde and tooke away the Gallies of the Citie Betwéene Carbo Sylla was a sore fight at Clusium till the Sunne wente downe when they had fought with like courage on both sides nighte did ende the fight In the field of Spoleto Pompeius and Crassas both Lieutenants to Sylla did kil thrée thousand of Carbos Souldiers and beséeged Carinna that was Camped ouer against them Carbo minded to reléeue Carinna with his other host which Sylla vnderstanding placed an embushment and as they were passing destroyed two thousand of them Carinna in the darke nighte full of rayne and showers although his enimies perceyued but cared not for it for the foule tempest he fiedde away Carbo vnderstanding that Marius his fellowe was distressed with hunger at Preneste commaunded Martius to goe thither with eyght Legions agaynste whome Pompeius lying in awayte in a straighte put them from their iourney and hauing killed many held the other as beséeged vpon an hill where vppon Martius without any companion the fiers being still kept fledde away The army laying the blame of the deceyte vpon him fell to diuision and one whole legion vnder their ensignes without anye commaundement marched to Ariminum the other wente euery man to his Countrey so as there remayned but seauen bandes with the Capsayne Martius with this infelicitie came to Carbo Marcus Lamponius from Lucania Pontius Tilisius from the Samnites and Capuanus Gutta leading seauenty thousande men came to deliuer Marius from the séege Sylla vnderstanding of it kepte them backe at a streight where they must néedes passe Marius being vtterly voyde of all helpe withoute made a forte in the playne that was large betwéene both hostes into the which he brought his army and ensignes to force Lucretius with the whiche attempting manye warres in vayne he retyred againe into Preneste At this time Carbo and Norbanus in Placentia came on the suddayne in the euening to the place where Metellus lay and being within one houre of the night amoÌ„g the Uineyards fondly and suriously set vpoÌ„ him thinking by their suddaine assault to ouerthrow Metellus but being ouercome by the iniquitie of the time and place entangled among the vines tenne thousand were slayne vj. thousand yéelded to the enimâ—e the rest ranne away and but one thousande departed in order to Arretio Another Legion of Lucanes led by Albinouanus hearing of this losse fledde to Metellus for aughte he coulde doe Albinouanus in greate rage came to Norbanus but shortlye after making a secret compact with Sylla to be assured as he should do a notable seruice he inuited Norbanus and his chiefe Captaynes to a baÌ„quet as Gaius Antipestris Flauius Fimbria his brother y in Asia had killed himself al other his officers preseÌ„t of y Camp. All the whiche being come except Norbanus who onely was absent he slew them in his tent and fledde to Sylla Norbanus hearing of the losse at Arimiâ—â— and that diuers of their armyes were fledde to Sylla supposing nowe no more trust to be in friendship as in aduersitie it hapneth tooke a priuate little boate and sayled to y Rhodes in the which place being required after of Sylla and y Rhodianes doubting what to do he killed himselfe in the middest of their common place Carbo commauuded Damasippo at Preneste to take two Legions and to deliuer Marius froÌ„ the seege but the could not do it bycause the streyghtes were kepte of Sylla All the Frenchmen that from Rauenna â—welte to the Alpes dyd reuolte to Metellus Lucullus did ouercome another part of Carbo his host at Placentia whiche when Carbo heard hauing yet thirtie thousande Souldyers at Clusie two Legions of Damasippus and many other with Carinna and Martio and a greate number of Samnites who refused no payne in passing the streightes béeyng out of al hope cowardly sayled into Lybia with his friends being yet in opinion to turne Lybia against Italy They that remayned at Clusie came to a fighte with Pompey before that Citie and lost aboute twenty thousand of their men whiche losse had the rest returned to their owne Countreys Carinna Martius and Damasippus with the Samnites met at the streightes to passe by very force which when they could not do they marched toward Rome thinking as voide of men streÌ„gth and for lacke of victual to take it They encamped at Albano tenne mâ—les off Sylla fearing that their comming myghte molest the Citie sente his Horsemenne with all diligence to encounter them by the way and himselfe with his mighty army came at midday and lay at Porte Collina a little from Venus Temple The enimies encamping also at the Gates of the Citie a great fight beganne a little before the Sunne set In the ryght wing Sylla had the better the left wing hauing the worse fledde to the Gates The olde men that were there séeing the enimie also comming among the other let downe the Portculice and killed many whereof some were Senatoures and some Gentlemen The other of force and necessitie turned to their enimyes and fought all night with a great slaughter In this battell was slayne Telesinus and Albinus both Pretors and theyr Campes taken Lamponius Lucanus Martius Carinna and other Captaynes of Carbos faction fledde Greate was the slaughter at this fighte for it is saide there was slayne about fiftie thousand and aboue eyght thousand takeÌ„ prisoners and bycause the greater part of them were Samnites Sylla caused them all to be shotte to death The next day Martius and Carinna were brought captiue vnto him whome he did not pardon after the Romaine manner but put them to death and sent their heads to Lucretio to nayle them on the wall at Preneste which when the Prenestines saw and hearing that al Carbos armies were destroyd and Norbanus fledde out of Italy and that the rest of Italy with the Citie of Rome were for Sylla they did yéelde the Citie to Lucretiâ— Marius hidde himselfe in a Caue and shortly after killed hymselfe Lucretius cutte off his head and sente it to Sylla who hanged it vp in the common place giuing him this taunt for his yong yeares to be a Consull A man must firste be a Mariner before he can be a Maister When Lucretius had receyued Preneste he kylled part of the Senatoures that were for Marius and part he putte in prison all the which Sylla at his comming put to deathe and commaunding all the Prenestines to come without armour into his Campe he chose of them suche as he thoughte had done hym seruice whiche were but few The other he deuided into thrée partes Romaines Samnites and Prenestines He pardoned the Remaines although as he tolde them they had deserued death Both the other he commaunded to be done to death with dartes The women and the children he suffered to goe away frée The Citie he sacked
woulde not admit hym and fought very valiantly with Metellus that was sent against hym of Sylla and being couragious to anye feate elected a Senate of thrée hundred of his present friends which he called the Romaine Senate in dispight whereof hee named it the Choice Counsell Sylla being dead and after hym Lepidus Sertorius hauing another army of Italians which Perpenna brought vnto him as a Pretor of Lepidus he had an opinion to be able to make warre vppon Italy which the Senate fearing sente another armye and another Pretor whiche was Pompey to the army that was before in Iberia who being but a yong Gentleman was renowmed for the seruice he had done vnder Sylla in Libya and in Italy He passed the Alpes very boldly not that way that Anniball did so notablye but brake another way by the fountaines of Rodanus and Eridanus both the whiche floudes haue theyr springs not far asunder from the high Alpes Rodanus runneth by the Frenchemen that he beyond the Alpes into the Tirrâ—ne sea the other within the Alpes flowing to Ionia and in stéede of Eridanus is called Padus Being come into Iberia Sertorius straight did ouerthrowe one legion goyng a foraging with their baggage and slaues The Citie of Lauâ—one in Pompeius sighte he spoiled and ouerthrew At this siege a woman being missused of a souldior with courage beyonde nature of hir kinde pulled out hys eies Sertorius hauing vnderstanding of the chaunce putte to death the whole baÌ„d being counted corrupted in like things though it were al of the Romaines then winter comming on they rested The Spring approching they came forth Metellus and Pompey froÌ„ the mount Pirinei and Sertorius with Perpenna from Lusitania They met at a Citie called Sura where giuing battell though an horrible thunder in y clere aire which is maruellous lightnings out of reason did flash vpon theÌ„ yet they as expert souldiors without fearâ— kept y fight made great murder one of another til Metellus had ouerthrown Perpenna and scattered his men Sertorius ouercome Pompey who was hurt in y thigh with a darte and escaped wyth much daÌ„ger This was the end of the first battel Sertorius had a white Harte tame to him very louing the which being loste he tooke it for an euill token woulde not come forth for griefe thinking his Hart had bin takeÌ„ of his enimies who scorned him for it but when y Hart was séene again came running to him by by as by y prouoked he set vpoÌ„ his enimies made diuers light fightes Shortly after they fought a great battel about SaguÌ„tia froÌ„ noone till night in y which he ouercame Pompey in the battel of horsmeÌ„ flew .vj. M. of his enimies lost halfe so many of his own Metellus of that other side killed .v. M. of PerpeÌ„nas camp The nexte day Sertorius with an huge nuÌ„ber of Barbarians a little before night set vpoÌ„ Metellus had brokeÌ„ his campe if Pompey had not approched made him leaue his bold enterprise These thinges being done in soÌ„mer they retired to their winter harborow The yere folowing being y Clxvj. Olimp. 2. of y coÌ„federed nations did fal to the Romaines Bythinia giuen by Nicomedes Cyrene by Tolomeus Lagus called Appion leauing it to theÌ„ by Testament On the other side great enimies discouered against them Sertorius in Spain Mithridates in y East rouers ouer al that sea a stir in Creta a tumult of the FeÌ„ce-players of Italy very sodain and sharp The Romains diuiding their power for this purpose set .ij. legions into Iberia which being come Metellus Pompey remoued froÌ„ their wintrings at y mount Pirenei into Iberia Sertorius Perpenna came froÌ„ Luâ—itania at the which time many fled froÌ„ Sertorius to Metellus with the which Sertorius being grieued he haÌ„dled many cruelly barbarously wherby he grew into hate of the army the rather for that he remoued the Romains froÌ„ the custody of hys body put the Celtiberians in their place They could not abide to be reproued of vnfaithfulnesse though they serued an ennimy to Rome but this thing chiefly grieued theÌ„ that they were counted rebels to their couÌ„try for his sake yet suspected of him that with him ther was no difference betwene a fugitiue a faithful The Celtiberians also vsed theÌ„ dispitefully taunted them as vnfaithful notwithstaÌ„ding the Romains did not vtterly forsake him bycause of their commodities for there was not a more valiaÌ„t nor fortunate captaine than hee in somuche as the Celtiberians woulde call hym Anniball for hys promptnesse who was the moste politicke and forwarde Capitayne that they coulde rehearse After this sort stoode the army with Sertorius Metellus people did daily molest the Cities coÌ„pell many to yéelde vnto theÌ„ Pompeius besieged Palantia and wyth tymber had made waye to scale the wall Sertorius came to the reliefe and remoued the siege â–ª Pompey burned hys timber worke destroyed the walles and retyred to Metellus Sertorius repaired the Citie and spéedilye weÌ„t toward Calagyrus where encouÌ„tring with theÌ„ that lay there he killed 3000. of them And these were the doings in Iberia this yere The yere following the Romaine capitaines with greater courage set vpoÌ„ the Cities that held with Sertorius tooke some of theÌ„ other they sought to get by pollicie as they did not vsing theyr whole force at euery atteÌ„pt But the yere folowing came stronger to the field did their things with more confideÌ„ce Nowe Sertorius began to decay God being against hym and hee omitting the laws trauailes of a captain gaue himselfe to delicatenesse and womeÌ„ feasting drinking for these causes he was many times ouercome falling into furies rages for euery trifle suspected euery man Wherefore PerpeÌ„na y from the faction of Aemilius came vnto him with a gret army begaÌ„ to doubt of him conspired against him wyth tenne other the which béeyng discouered some were hanged and some escaped but Perpenna not beeyng named as was his maruellous good hap perseuered the rather in hys purpose he desired Sertorius to a banquet and although he neuer wente withoute hys Guarde yet at the seaste little respect being had and hee and all they ouerladen with Wine Perpenna cut off his heade in the place where he feasted The armye wyth great ire and tumulte rose againste Perpenna chaunging theyr hate into loue of the Capitaine for though before they hadde us greate lykyng of hym now that hee was deade remembraunce of his vertue tourned their mindes to pitie And in thys present case they contemned Perpenna as a priuate man and thinking their only weale did consist in Sertorius they could not abide Perpenna not only they but the Lusitanes and other Barbarians thought as much whome Sertorius chiefly vsed in the warre and when the tables of his Testament were
so many When Cassius was put from his campe could no more get to it he wente to the hill of Phillippi and behelde what was doone But hee neyther coulde well sée nor heare for the duste and noyse onelye hée sawe hys owne Campe spoyled Wherfore hée commaunded Pindarus hys page to kyl hym with his owne sworde Pindarus stayde at the matter and in the meane tyme a messenger came and tolde that Brutus had ouercome Caesar and possessed his Campe. To the whiche Cassius saide tell him we are ouerthrowne and all the victorye is his Then he turned to Pindare and sayde why doste not thou ridde me of thys dishonor and so offering hys throate Pindarus cutte it Thus they saye Cassius died Some tel after this sort that a bande of Brutus horsemen came to bring him the good newes He thought they had bene his enemies and sente Titinius to knowe the truth The horsemen receiuing him with great ioy as a srend made a loude noyse Cassius fearing he had fallen in his enimies hands said thus we haue suffered to sée our friend taken of oure enimies and weÌ„t in with Pindarus and that he was neuer séen after so as some thinke that Pindarus did it not This was the ende of Cassius life it chaunfing so that the day of this foughten battel was the daye of his birth Titinius killed him selfe for his long tariance Brutus bewayling the death of Cassius as a rare Romaine such a one as the like was not to be founde for vertue valiantnesse called him happye that hee was ridde of cares and troubles the whych would bring him to the like ende He committed his body secretly to be buryed that the army shoulde not be discouraged at the sighte of it and withoute meate or sleepe remayned all that night in setting Cassius men in frame Day being come the ennimies were in order againe to fight that they should not séeme to haue the worsse Brutus perceyued their intente and sayde Lette vs arme also and make a shewe likewise that wée are not inferiour Which when he had done the enemie retired Then he sayde pleasantly to his friendes They séemed to prouoke vs as the weaker but they wil not putte the matter to tryall The same day that the field was fought at Philippi an other very great seate was done in â—onio Domitius Caluinus did lcade in gret ships â–ª iâ— legioÌ„s to Caesar that had y name of Martial being so called for the honor of their valiantnesse He led also a baÌ„d for his guarde of two thousande men and foure troupes of horse other numbers gathered together with a fewe Galicyes Murcus and Otnobarbus mette them with one hundred and thirtie long Shippes A fewe of the former Hulkes fledde by good sayling The other by the sodayne ceassing of the winde in a sea calme and still were caught being by very fortune giuen to the enimies who without feare boâ—ged and brake them not hauing any helpe of their fewe Galleyes being compassed of so many Greate and diuers was the trauaile of them that were in perill linking themselues togither with their Cables and with weapons courage putting themselues in order y the enimie should not vse them though they ouercame them Murcus threw darts ofnÌ„re which did quickly burne the byndings the ships se uered asunder to auoid the fyre The galleys were ready to hinder them euery way wherewith the souldiours beyng grieued and especially the Martialls that beyng better in valiantnesse shoulde pâ—râ—the for lacke of fyghting some kylled themselues with the fire some leapte into the enimies galleys and kylled some and were killed themselues the shyppes halfe burned weÌ„t their way carying men some consumed with fyre some with waÌ„t thirst Some with y Cables or plancks were carried to y rockes or desert shoars some were saued beyond al reason some continuing flue dayes by eating pitche osf the cables and sayles helde out till they were briuen to lande by the byllows Thece were many that gaue themselues to their enimies being ouercome with calamitie â—vij of their Galleyes yéelded whose souldiers Murcus tooke to him Caluinus the General came fiue dayes after to Biundâ—se with one shippe being thoughte to haue bene lost This happe was in â—onio the same day that the fielde was at Philippi whether you wil call it a shipwrack or a shipfight The which euils coÌ„curring together being after known caused the greater feare Brutus called his army together sayd thus There is nothing O fellowe souldiers in yesterdayes fight but that maketh you superiour to your enimies You gaue the charge chéerfully when no warning was giuen you the fourth legion so renoumed to them in whome their battaile had their confidence you ouerthrew vtterly their army you droue to their campe their campe you first toke and after spoyled in so much as you haue farre ouercome the losse you had in the last batail And where you might haue made an ende of all your trauayle you chose rather to fall to spoyle than to followe your enimies that were ouercome for many of you running before them set vppon their spoile And in this one they haue but the of oure campes but we haue all that they had so as the recompenceof the losse is double And hauing this aduantage in the fight how much other wise we do excéede you may learne of the captiues for their want of victual for the striuing for it for the difficult bringing oâ— it and for the euident getting of so little For from Sicelie Sardinia Libya and Iberia they can haue none for Pompeius Murcus and Oenobarbus they keping those Seas with two hundreth and thrée score shippes Macedonia they haue consumed now only they haue from Thessalia which how long can it serue them Therefore when you sée them offer to fight then thinke they chiefely be forced by hunger and doc choose death rather by their handes Let vs contrarywise foresée that hunger may fight for vs that we may take them the féebler and more consumed when it shal be fit Let not vs be carried with affection before due tyme nor thinke flownesse or quicknesse to be experience nor haue oure eie vppon the sea backewarde which ministreth to vs suche foode and seruice when we see that victorie is ours without daunger if you will abide and not distruste that thoughe they come forth and prouoke vs not stronger than we as the worke yesterday shewed but for auoyding further feare that all the courage which I desire you to kéepe you may shew forth when I shal require you at once and the perfect rewards of victorie when the gods shall haue giuen their sentence of vs by our perfect déeds I will giue vnto you And now for yesterdayes vertue I giue to euery souldiour a thousand drammes and to your Capitaines as the proportion requireth Thus he said straight diuided the gifte to euery legion same say he promised
from the holy money wintered in Cappadocia Mithridates sent to Rome to the Senate to Sylla to coÌ„playne of Murenas doings who in y time passed the floud Aly that was great and theÌ„ very déepe bicause of y raine and spoiled 400. of Mithridates townes the king not yet méeting with him but loking for his Embassadors from Rome Hauing got a great bootie he went into Phrigia Cappadocia whither Calidius came to him from Rome touching Mithridates complayntes but brought him no decrée onely sayde vnto him in the midst of the hearers that y Senate coÌ„manded him to spare the king their confederate When he hadde said thus he was séene to speake to him alone And Murenas ceassed not of his inuasion but still molested y land of the king who euidently perceyuing that he was vsed as an enimie of the Romanes he bad Gordius to take the nigh townes He gathered many beastes of cariage munition priuate men and souldyours and camped at the floud ouer agaynst Murena Neither of them began y fight til Mithridates came with a great army then was there a mighty fight at the floud Mithridates by violence passed the floud being otherwise too good for Murena who fled the kings force into a strong hill and hauyng lost many departed by the mountaynes withoute anye way into Phrigia being followed oppressed This victory being euident quickly gotten was soone spred abroade and turned many to Mithridates He putting out Murenas garrisons of euery place with great spéede did make his sacrifice to Iupiter y warriour after y maner of his couÌ„trey in y top of an hil wher they make a great pile of wood to y which the kings bring the first stick Then they make another lesse in a circle Vpon the higher they put hony milke wine oyle all kind of perfumes they giue bread and meate of the best to them that be present And they make y pile after y fashioÌ„ of the Persian kings sacrifice in Rarsardis the which for the greatnes is euidently sene to many a thousand furlongs off and y one caÌ„ not come nigh the place many days after y aire is so hote This sacrifice did he make after the custome of hys countrey Sylla not coÌ„tent that Mithridates being in league should haue war made vpoÌ„ him sent Aulus Gabinius to coÌ„mand Murena not to molest Mithridates and that he should agrée Mithridates Ariobarzanes Mithridates at y méeting making sure a sonne of Ariobarzanes of .iiij. yeares of age and by y meane holding still that he had in Cappadocia getting more feasted all put gold in y cup and y meate for the iesters singers al other as his vse was of y which only Gabinius touched none Thus y second war of Mithridates did end at y thirde yeare Being now at quiet he subdued Bosphorus apointed theÌ„ his son Macharis for their king He inuaded the Acheans that be aboue Colchos which seme to be of them that fledde from Troy and lost theyr way and losing twoo partes of hys armie with fighte and colde and deceiptes he returned and sente to Rome to haue the league ratified Ariobarzanes sente also eyther of hymselfe or stirred of others that hée had not receyued Cappadocia but that Mithridates kepte yet the better parte from hym Sylla commaunded Mithridates to gyue place in Cappadocia and hée did so and sente other Embassadours for to haue the conditions of peace registred but Sylla being dead and the Senate not to be assembled bycause of the vacation he sent to Tigranes his sonne in law to inuade Cappadocia as of himself This cautele was not vnknowen to the Romanes The Armenian compassing Cappadies as with a neste ledde away thrée hundreth thousande men into Armenia and made them dwell with other at a place where he first toke the Crowne of Armenia and of hys name called it Tigranocertos whiche is the Citie of Tigranes And these were the doyngs in Asia Sertorius a Captayne in Spayne dyd stirre it and all the places about it against the Romanes and made a Senate of them that were with him for to counterfeyte the Romanes Two of his faction Lucius Manius and L. Fanius persuaded Mithridates to ioyne with Sertorius putting him in hope of a greate parte of Asia and the nations about him He being persuaded sent to Sertorius He ledde the Embassadoures into his Senate and made a glorious tale that his renoume spredde as farre as Pâ—ntus and that he beséeged the Romanes from the West to the East He couenanted to giue Mithridates Asia and Bithinia Paphlagonit and Cappadocia and Gallogrecia sent him a Captayne Marcius Varius and Lucius Manius and L. Fanius that were of that counsel With these dyd Mithridates begin the thrid and last war with the Romanes in the which he lost al his kingdome Sertorius being dead in Spayne and Generals sent from Rome first Lucullus that was admiral of Syllas Nauie then Pompey vnder whome all that Mithridates had and all that was nigh it to the floud Euphrates by the pretence violence of the war against Mithridates did fall to the Romanes Mithridates hauing proued so oft what the Romanes were and thinking that this war made without cause and of the sodaine would not be appeased made al the preparation that hee coulde as now to try the whole and the rest of the somer al y winter he made shippes and armoure he brought to the sea ij C. M. Medimnes of grayne and got confederates beside hys former power the Chalibyans the Armenians the Scythians the Taurians Achuians Heniochans Leucosyrians and all that inhabite about the floud Thermodon that was called the land of the Amazones These had he gotte in Asia to them he had before and going into Europe the Sarmatians Basileans Iazugeans and Coralleans and al the nations of the Thracians that inhabite aboute Hister Rodope and Aemos and the Basternans a most valiaunt people These hadde Mithridates in Europa he hadde gathered an hundreth and fortie thousande footemen and sixtéene thousande horsemen another great number of venturers piouers victualers When the Spring was come he viewed his nauy and sacrificed to Iupiter warriour the vsuall sacrifice and to Neptunus he did cast into the sea a Chariot of white horses and wente to Paphlagonia Taxilus and Eumocrates being his Generalls When he was come he made a solempne oration to the armye setting forth his progenitors and himselfe verye highly that he had enlarged his kingdome from little to great and was neuer ouercome of the Romanes being presente whome he accused for their ambition and vnsatiablenesse by the whiche said he they haue made Italy and their Countrey seruile He repeated the last conditions whiche they woulde not subscribe Séekyng tyme to inuade him againe and making this the cause of the warre hee extolled his power and prouisioÌ„ and shewed the Romanes troubles
their way watch and thyrst Annibal was loth to come to fighte yet bycause he shoulde wante water if he tarryed and if he fledde his enimie woulde take courage and set vpon hym considering all this he thought it good for the necessitie to try it He put in order fifty M. and lxxx Elephants He placed them before the battel with spaces betwéen to make them most terrible After them was the third parte of the armye the Celtians and Ligurians with these were myred archers and slyngers of Maerrusia and Gymnasias after theÌ„ was the seconde army whiche was of Carthagians and Libyans The third were of them that folowed him out of Italie in the which he trusted most bicause they feared their case The horse men were aboute the wings And thys was Annibals order Scipio had about .xxiij. thousande and horsemen of Italie and Rome a thousand fiue hundred Massinissa was there with many horsemen of Numidia and Lacamas another prince with sixe hundred horse He set his footemen in thrée battels as Anniball did he made a particion betwéene the bandes that the horsemenne might passe easily by them he made to euery bande a defence at the front with strong pertches layde ouer with yron of two Cuvits long and very thicke to kepe backe the Elephantes as an engine and he warned them and the other footemen to giue place to the furie of those beastes and to cast their dartes vpon them as fast as they coulde and when they were nigh to cutte their sinowes if they coulde Thus were they placed of Scipio The Numidian horse he placed in the wings being acquainted with the fight and fury of the Elephants The Italians horse bicause they were not vsed to them he set last of all to be readye to passe by the distances when the footemen had bidden the first violence of the Elephants Both sorts of horsmen had companies of shotte ioyned to them to annoy the beastes Thus were his horsemen set The right wing he gaue to Laelius the left to Octauius in the middest was both he and Annibal to kepe their glorie hauing horsemen attending vpon them to helpe where nede should be Annibal had thrée thousand Scipio had two thousande and the thrée hundred Italians whom he armed in Sicelie When all was ready both of them encouraged their men Scipio called the Gods to witnesse before his army against whom the Carthaginians had offended as ofte as they brake their promise and required hys army not to loke to the number of their enimies but to their owne vertue whom being more in number they had ouerthrowen euen in that lande and if they that ouercome haue anye feare or doubte muche more of necessitie must they haue that haue bin ouercome Thus did Scipio encourage and stirre his fewe number Annibal recorded to them the feates that he hadde done in Italie as an enterprise of moste great renoume not among the Numidians but among all the Italians in Italie and shewed how fewe the enimies were now and exhorted them not to be worse than a fewe they being moe and in their own countrey Both of them did declare vnto their souldiours the daunger and greatnesse of the present fight Annibal shewed that Carthage and all Libya was to be tryed in thys fighte whether they shoulde be slaues being ouercome or rule hereafter ouer all they had wonne Scipio tolde hys that if they were defeated they had no safe returne if they dyd ouercome a great dominion shoulde fall vnto them and a rest of their present paynes a going home to their country and a renouine for euer Thus eyther of them encouraging other they went to the fight Annibal sounded first Scipio commaunded to aunswere him The Elephants beganne the fight in most terrible manner being spurred with prickes of the riders The Numidian hâ—â—â—emen ranne about them and threwe their dartes thicke vppon them so as being wounded they fledde and troubled their own parte that their kepers led them away and this was the first enterprise with the Elephants at the wings of the army but in the midde battel of the Romaines they trode downe the footemeÌ„ being vnacquainted with this fight and so heauy harnised that they could hardly giue place or goe forewarde tyll Scipio broughte foorth the Italian horsemenne that were placed behynde and with them the shotte commaundyng them to leaue their horses that were afrayde and to goe aboute and shoote at the Elephants He was the first that alighted and wounded the Elephant that came afore The other souldiours encouraged therby and hurtyng the beastes made them also to go out of the battel The fighte being cleared of the beasts and nowe only of men and horses the right wing of the Romaines whyche Laelius ledde putte to flighte the Numidians that were agaynste them when Massinissa had wounded Massintha their prince and Annibal comming quickly vnto them sette them againe to fight The left battayle â–ª whyche Octauius gouerned had very much adoe with their ennimies the French and Ligurians Scipio sente Thermus to helpe them wyth choyse men Anniball hauing stayde his lefte battayle roade to the Ligurians and Frenchmen brynging another bande of Libyans and Carthaginians Whiche when Scipio sawe he came againste them with another band When these two moste noble captaines dyd thus contend there was euidente emulation and care on both sides no diligence was lefte on eyther parte the laboure was no sharper than their exhortations were vehement The fight beyng long doubtfull and the Captaines hauing pittie of their weary souldiours coupled togither that by them the ende mighte be the shorter They threw one at another Scipio hytte Annibals shielde Annibal stroke Scipioâ— Horse and the Horse for the wounde ouerthrewe Scipio Hee was mounted agayne and threw at Annibal but missed him and hurt the Horse was next him Massinissa vnderstanding came thyther and the Romaynes séeing theyr Capitayne fighting lyke a Souldiour toke the more courage agaynst their enimies and putte them backe and chased them Anniball ryding aboute in vaine praying them to staye and perswading them to turne agayne to the fight Annibal being in greate doubte broughte the Italians that came with hym and not yet styrring from the place of succoure into the fighte hoping to breake the Romaynes araye the more easily bycause they were folowing the ennimye but they séeing that deuise called one another diligently from the chase and put themselues againe in order for the fighte Nowe hauing no Horse and their shotte being spent they fought togyther with their blades Great was the slaughter and manye were the woundes and the grones of them that fell and the shoutes of them that dyd kyll tyll the Romaynes putte them backe and made them flye also Then was the victorye euident Annibal séeing the Numidian Horsemen stande styl ranne to them and prayed them not to forsake hym whom when he had perswaded he brought them against them that chased thinking
king of Armenia shewing how he was deteyned with greate warre Orodes hauing inuaded him and that he coulde sende no helpe to Crassus Yet he wished hym in anye wise to turne and make his waye by Armenia that they togither mighte goe against Orodes if not alwayes to marche and encampe so as hée might auoyde the horsemen and to go by the hylles Crassus writing nothing againe for anger and straungenesse aunswered that nowe he had no leysure to deale with Armenia but when he returned he would punish Artabazes for his treason Cassius and they were agayne grieued and leauing Crassus that woulde not heare good Counsel they playnely rebuked Acbarus O you naughty wight O you most wicked maÌ„ who brought thee to vs with what passion or witchcraftes hast thou made Crassus to leade his army by desarts and vglye wildernesse fitter for an Archtheefe of Numidia than a chiefe generall of the Romaines Arbarus a crafty man dyd speake them fayre and comforted and exhorted them to endure a whyle and riding among the souldiours he iâ—sted at them You thinke you were goyng by Campania by fountaines riuers shadowes brookes and brayes and ostanes all the wayes Doe you remember that you go by confines of Arabia and Assiria Thus did Acbarus playe the sâ—holer among the Romaines and before his craft was perceyued he road about not vnknowen to Crassus but agréeing to it as though he woulde prouide and defeate the enimies It is sayde that Crassus that daye came not abroade in purple as the manner was of a Romaine General but in a blacke garmente the which he changed againe when he perceyued it Some of the ensignebearers could not without great laboure pull vppe their ensignes they stucke so fast Crassus laughing went the faster and bad the legions follow the horsemen But then came some of the espyes that had bin abroad in haste shewing that their felowes were killed of the enimies and they only escaped and that the ennimies came on with great power and spéed This troubled them all and Crassus most of all so as he set his men in order not very orderlye But Cassius moued him to sâ—t his legions as thinne as he could to fill the playne for fear of compassing and diuide the horsemen into wings Then he altered and made the same to serue both wayes and a square battayle and euerye of the â—â—des going on with twelue bandes and with a troupe of horsemen that no part shoulde be voyde of the helpe of horsemen but on eueryside be a like defended for the fight He appointed one wing to Cassius and an other to yong Crassus and he went in the middest â–ª Thus marching they came to a riuer which they call Balissus not very great nor full of water but acceptable to the souldiours in that hote and dry iourney with so greate payne and pâ—â—â—rie of water Manye of the Captaines thoughte it good to staye there til certaine knowledge were come â–ª of the enimies force and purpose and when daye was come to goe againste them But Crassus commaunded his sonne and the horsemen wyth hym to go on and to be ready for the fight He badde them that did â—aâ—â— â–ª to eate and drinke as they kept their order and before all was well done hee led on not with leysure nor pausing â–ª as they that should fight but with much spéede and haste tyl they sawe their enimies not in so great a shewe neyther appearing many nor fearefull to the Romaynes For Sirâ—â—â—â— had putte the multitude behinde and hydden the bryghtnesse of theâ—â—â—arneâ—â—â— with their â—loâ—â—s and skinnes After they were come nygh and a token giuen of the Captaines firste they filled all the playne wyth barbarous noyse and fearefull shoutes For the Parthians go not to battell wyth hornes and trumpets out with drummes in many places at once made of leather and hollow â–ª stretched with yron barres and beateÌ„ vpon continually This maketh a noyse holow and déepe like the roaring of wilde beastes intermedled with the sharpnesse of thunder as nothing could be harde for the sence of hearing bringeth most trouble to the minde and by it is soonest moued and most troubleth the vnderstanding The Romanes being astonished at this noyse they of Parthia threw away the couers of their harnesse sodainely and appeared shyning with â—atâ— and armoure made of the beste stéele and bright and the horsemen barded with Caparison likewise The goodliest and the greatest was Surenas he being in finesse of his wâ—mannish aray not like the glorie of his valiauntnesse but rather decked after the Median fashion in the trymming of his person and diuisioÌ„ of his haire The other Parthians being vgly of purpose to the terrour shâ—dding of their heare First they gaue y onset with their spears to diuide and breake the fore warde But when they sawe the firmnesse of the battel and the stable abiding of the men they went backe as though they would haue scattered and diuided their order and they compassed the battell in a circle and weÌ„t about it Crassus commaunded the light hâ—râ—â—sse to giue charge vppon them They went not farre but they were ouerlaide with shotte and they turned againe and thruste among the legions and gaue the beginning of disorder and feare to them that saw the might of the shot and the continuall course breaking harnesse and bearing down alike the vnarmed and well armed The Parthians distant a little beganne to shoote at all â—â—â—ntures not directing their shotte for the Romanes battayle was so thicke as they coulde not mysse thoughe they woulde gyuing continuall hurte and woundes with their strong and great bowes and with their violence of the drawing driuing the arrow the stronger This was the vndoing of the Romanes for continuing in their order they were stroken and trying to go vpon their ennimy or to kéepe close againe they suffered alike The Parthians when they shotte fledde and this they thinke the beste â—eate according to the Scythians being a moste wise parte to hurte other and saue themselues and hid the shame of their fléeing by this pretence So long as the Romanes hoped that their shot being done they would haue come to haÌ„ds they abode it but when they saw numbers of Camells come laden with newe shotte â—o the whiche they that firste spente their arrowes wente to receiue more then Crassus himselfe thought it woulde haue no ende Wherefore he sente messengers to his sonne that he shoulde set vppon the ennimie béefore they were inclosed for they were moste busy vpon hym and rode about him to come vpon his backe The yong man tooke .xiij. C. horse whereof a thousand were Caesars and â—ight bands of the next footemen and badde them set vpon theâ—r enimies The Parthians that were foremoste either bicause they were in myrie grounde as some saye or bycause they woulde drawe Crassus by pollicie as farre as they coulde turned and fledde Then young Crassus
â—rying as thoughe they would not haue turned againe gaue them the chase and with him Censorinus and Mâ—gabaâ—â—us these passed in valiantnes and strength Censorinus being of the order of a Senatoure and eloquent friend to yong Crassus and of like age The horsemen going on the footmen folowed with courage and fearefulnesse of hope for they thoughte to haue the victorie by the chase They had not gone farre but they perceyued the deceit They that séemed to â—â—ée turned againe many â—â— comming to them Then they stayed thinking they woulde haue come to handes with them bicause they were so fewe but they set the men of armes vpon the Romanes and with their other horse confusedlye rode vppon them troubling the playne raysing heapes of Sande and making all full of duste that the Romanes coulde neither sée nor speake So being driuen and thruste togyther they were ouerthrowen and dyed not easily nor a shorte death but with shriking sorowfull manner laboring to breake the arowes in their woundes prouing by violence to pul out the forked heades that were enited their vaines and stnowes they fore and lamented themselues When many were thus dead they that were aliue were vnprofytable to helpe and when as Publius exhorted them to set vppon the men of armes they shewed their handes nayled to their shieldes and theyr féete fastened to the grounde that they coulde neyther flye nor fight Then he brought his horsemen fiercely vpon them but he was too weake stryking and defendyng both at once with weake and little speares vpon the strong armour of stéele and his Galatians being stryken with long speares vpon their vnarmed bodies in them he trusted muche and by them he did maruellous feates For they toke the speares and bare down the men from their horse which could not be moued for the waight of their harnesse Many left their horses stroke their enimies horses in the bellies the which for payne threwe off theyr ryders and trode vpon them and their enimies tyll they dyed also But the heate and thirst most troubled the Galathians being accustomed to neyther of them and many of them hauing lefte their horses with their staues fought with the contrary Therfore they did what they could to haue gotten to the legions hauing Publius among them being euill bestadde for his wounds and séeing an hyll of sande not farre off they went thyther putting their horse in the middest and defending the outwarde partes with their Targets they thoughte they mighte easilye put backe the Barbarians but it came otherwise to passe for béeing in the playne the former kepte the hindermost from hurte but when they went to a mounting ground and all was in the daunger and they that came behinde moste of all there was none escaped but al were shotte indifferently lamenting their deathes voyde of reuenge and glorie There were about Publius two men both Grecians dwelling in Carria Ieronimus and Nichomacus They moued him to goe with them and flye to Irna a towne that helde of the Romaynes He answered there was no deathe so grieuous for feare of the whiche Publius woulde leaue them that dyed for him Therfore he prayed them to saue themselues and gently sent them away He coulde not vse his hande for it was hurte with an arrowe Therfore he commanded his page to take his sword and runne him therowe the syde Censorinus died after that sort Magabactus killed himselfe and so dyed the most noble of the other The rest the Parthians killed with their speares fighting for themselues and onelye fiue hundred were taken aliue When they hadde cutte off the heades of Publius and his company they tourned toward Crassus He stoode after this sorte When he hadde sente his sonne to encounter the Parthians and one hadde tolde hym that there was a greate fléeing and a sore chase of the ennimies and sawe that they came no more vppon him for they went also from that part he beganne to take comforte leading his army to a rising place thinking his son would haue come straight from the chase They that were firste sent of Publius to tell in what daunger he was were taken of the enimies and slaine The other hardely escaping shewed that Publius was vndone except spéedy and great helpe were sent Nowe was Crassus dynersly troubled he could not sée by reason howe to vse his matters on the one side feare of the whole on the other desire to saue his sonne doubting if he might helpe him or not helpe him yet in the ende went forward with his power Nowe were the enimies come with terrible she wt declaryng Victorie and striking many Armenians and feared the Romanes looking for an other battell They brought the head of Publius vpon a spears point approching nighe and with despight asking who was his parents and kinred For they could not thinke that he was the sonne of Crassus so cowardly and lewd a man being a young man of so noble a renowmed vertue This fight most of al was grieuous to the Romanes directing and breaking their harts not to anger and reuenge as it oughte but vtterly to feare and dreade And then did Crassus shew him selfe most noble as in such a case as they say he went aboute the hoste and cried This O Romanes is my proper losse The greate glorye and fortune of Rome is in you to kéepe vnbroken aud vntouched and if you haue pitie of me that haue loste so good a sonne shewe youre anger vppon your ennimies take away this ioy from them reuenge the crueltie be not dismaide with that is done for they that do great feats must sometime suffer Lucullus ouercame not Tigranes without bloudeshed nor Scipio Antiochus Our Auncestors loste a thousande Shippes in Sicilie In Italy manye Capitames and armies woulde not lette for their losse but to get the victorie againe The Romanes haue not come to so great dominion by fortune but by sufferaunce and manhoode in calamitie When Crassus had saide this to encourage them he didde not sée many willingly heare hym therefore he badde make a noise the whiche bewrayed the faintnesse of the army for they made a séeble and weake crie whiche was answered of the Barbartans wyth chearefull and bolde sounde Comming togither the shotte of the enimies troubled the Romanes on the sides The other comming vppon them with their speares at the face droue them into a litle roomth yet some fléeyng death by the shotte came oute to fight at hande to little purpose being so dispatched with greate and mortall woundes many times the sharpe and long speares passing thorowe horse and man. Thus the night brake the battaile they saying they woulde gratifie Crassus with one night to bury his sonne and to consider with hymselfe whither it were better for him to go to Arsaces or to be led to him They thus going to a place nigh hande were in greate hope But the Romanes
that were yet holden of the enimies xl furlongs about in the meane season gaue an onset vpon Teutinus another captaine of the Dalmatians put him to flight and chased him by the mountaines toke the citie in his sight For y Citizens coÌ„ming out before the preparation was finished they had a repulse and the Romanes in the flight got into the Citie with theÌ„ when they had slaine the third part of the Citizens they droue the rest into the Castle There was one bande of the Romanes that kept the gats vppon whom when the Barbarians issewed the fourth night they were afrayd and forsoke the gates but Caesar came repulsed the enimies and the next day they yeelded to them Of the band that offended he punished euery tenth man by lot Of y Captaines of that bands he chastised two of euery ten the other at the sommer he coÌ„maunded to eate barley in stead of wheate Thus was Pomona taken Teutinus had diuided his army into diuerse parts in the hils wherefore the Romanes did not folow them farre being ignoraunt of the way and fearing the vnknowen and consounded pathes For there is no entrie into the woods by any plain way and the Dalmatians did lurke between two hils when they layd wayte for Gobinius in the which place they set also an ambushe for Caesar but he burned the woods on eyther side the way and sent his army by the hils and himselfe went vp the vallies cutting downe the woods inuading the Cities and burning what so euer was in his way He besieged the Citie Setouia into ayde of the whiche came a great number of Barbarians with whom Caesar met and wold not suffer them to passe Being hurt in that fight in the knée he lay sicke many dayes Being recouered he went to Rome for the Consulshippe which he toke with Bar batio Tullo leauing Statilius Taurus to ende the warre he entring his office at the beginning of the month That daye Antonie being appointed to his charge he went again against y Dalmatians keping yet the power of the thrée men for now the seconde fiue yeares were expired the which they toke of themselues the people confirmed it Therfore the Dalmatians being in waÌ„t of victuals on euery side they came of theÌ„selues to Caesar humbly yéelding and deliuering seauen hundered hostagies of their olune children Caesar commaunded them to bring the ensignes that they had taken from Gabinius and to pay the tribute whiche they promised to Caius Caesar and had deferred to this tyme And so they were made the more obedient to the Romaines euer after Caesar set these ensignes in the Gallerie that is called Octauia When the Dalmatians were ouercome the Derbanes came to yéelde themselues and to deliuer pledges and pay tributes which they had so long omitted Then Caesar came néerer to them and they deliuered their pledges which in his absence being sicke they refused to do These are thought to be the laste whiche Caesar brought to obedience whiche before had reuolted and were not acquainted with others rule Wherefore the Senate appoynted him to triuâ—phe of the Illyrians which he did when he had ouercome Antonie The other Illirians that the Romanes had before the Paeonians were the Retians Nâ—rigians Mitians whiche inhabite at the Euxine sea I thinke C. Caesar did subdew the Retians and Noritians when he made warre vpon the Celtians or that Augustus did conquere them when he inuaded the Paeonians for they haue their habitation betwéene both I finde no warre made against them of purpose wherfore I thinke they were ouercome with their neighbours For M. Lucullus L. Lucullus brother that ouercame Mithridates did ouerrunne all the region of the Mytians and helde his course to the floud in the which place there be foure Greeke cities next to y Mytians that is Histrâ—s Dionisopâ—lâ—s Odisus and Mesembria Then he brought out of Gallia that great Apollo that standeth in the palace I do not remember that any other that ruled that common wealth did bring the Mytians to tribute or Augustus but Tiberius which reigned after Augustus had them But these things are shewed of me in their place Before they had Egipt what the Emperours did after Egipt was wonne or how they spedde in warre we haue shewed them as their proper actes after these coÌ„mon enterprises in the which many things be also conteyned of the Mysians Now seing the Romanes take the Mysians to be Illyrians this booke shal be named of me the Illyrians the which I wrote that it might be an absolute matter For Lucullus ruling in the peoples time did ouerrun the Mysians and Tiberius did receyue them vnder his Monarchie ¶ The Romanes warre with the Celtes THe Celtes did first inuade the Romanes and toke Rome without the Capitoll and burned it Camillus did ouercome them and dryue them away and when they came agayne another time he dyd ouerthrow them and triumphed of them wheÌ„ he was fourescore yeares of age The thirde time they came into Italy when they were destroyed by the Romanes vnder Tiâ—us Quintus their Generall After them the Boians a most fierce nation of the Celtes came vpon the Romanes and Caius Sulpitius Dictator wente agaynste them and vsed this policie He had the Souldyoures of the front to cast their darts and streight way to set downe till the seconde thirde and fourth had done the like then euery one stouping when they had done their shotte that the contrarie weapons mighte be throwne in â—ayne when the last hadde throwne then to runne all with one force and crye with violence vpon the enimie for so they shoulde affray them if they came so suddaynely to fight with them at hand after so greate a brunt of strength Their weapons were not like the dartes which they of Rome call Gese the halfe of a square staffe with a péece of yron square also and that soft beside the poynt and euen thus these Boyans were destroyed of the Romanes with all their armie Popilius ouercame other Celtes and after him Camillus sonne to Camillus did the same and Paulus Aemilius sette vp tokens of victorie against the Celtes Before the CoÌ„sulships of Marius a greater number more warlike and for age to bée feared inuaded Italy and Gallia and ouercame some Censuls of Rome and ouerthrewe their armies againste whome Marius went and ouercame them all The last and greatest fight with the Galles was done by C. Caesar being generall there fortie huÌ„dred thousands of fierce nations did he ouerthrow in tenne yeares whiche if a man will put togither in one summe he shall finde they were about foure hundreth thousande it is certen that a hundred thousand were slayne a hundreth thousande taken foure hundreth nations eight hundred Cities some reuoltyng some fréely yéeldyng he brought to obedience Before Marius Fabius Maximus Aâ—milianus
vvas aduanced by Marius Memmius killed Sapheius Glauclas and Apuleius killed Furius Metellus the dutifull Furius torne in peeces Metellus reuoked The thirde sedition Fellovves vvaâ— and the cause of it Flaccus seâ—â— into â—â—beria Liuius Drusus Encrease of Senators Drusus said there vvas nothing novv left to be deuided but earth or ayreâ— It should seeme by some that he vvould haue reuoked certayne inlâ—â—bâ—tancies Tus anes Vmbrianes be novv Dâ—â—ato dâ— Spoleto Drusus flayne Q Valerius â— Bestius exiles himselfe Cotta vvillingly exiled Mummius exiled vvho ouers threvv Cornelius and thereof vvas called Acâ—â—icus bycause it stoode in Achaia * * * Ascolo Thys Citie is in that part that is called Abruzzo neere to the territorie of 〈◊〉 apperteyning to the Pope There is another of thys name in Apulia called Ascolidi Sairiano for a difference Presidents Hadriane the Emperoure Proconsulles Seruilius killed at Asculi â—onteius killed Marsians in Campania di Roma MaliniaÌ„s in Campania felici Vestinians in Abruzzo Marusians Aâ— bruzzo Picentines Campanites di Lauoro Ferentines in Catiâ— Hirsians Abruzzo Pompeyans in terrad Lauoro Venusians in Apulia lapigianes otraÌ„tâ— â–ª Samnites Abruzzo All these natioÌ„s be beyoÌ„d Rome * * * The floud Iâ—riâ— Lario novv Clariano in Campania * * * Linterno vvas a Citie in Campania vvhere Scipio chose to ende his life after he had found the people of Rome vnthankefull The army of the Italians Sex. Iulius Caesar P. Rutilius Consulles Assistantes to the Consulles Generaâ—es of the Italians Sextus Iulius ouerthrovvne Venafro lost It is neere the 〈◊〉 Vultuâ—â—â— Perpâ—â—â—â— ouerthrovvne and discharged Grumentâ— Li. Crassus lost◠〈◊〉 vvoâ—â—e â— Citie not â—arâ—e from Naples Castabuli in Campania Mintâ—â—â— in Campania vvhen Mariâ—â— hidde himselfe Salerno beyonde Naples Nuceria besâ—eged thirtie miles from Naples Acerre a Citie in Campania vvhiche Anniball burned the people beeyng escaped Oxintha sonne to Iugurth Venusio in Apulia Numidians Papius loseâ—â—â— The Consull killed Marius Heauinesse at Rome for the death of the Consull Pompedius deceyueth Caepio Caepio flayâ—â— Sextus Caesar fleeth Theano in the end of Apulia Marsi a valiant people in Latio novv Campania Falerio in Camepania vvhere the good vvine is praysed Firmo a tovvne in the march of Ancona Afranius killed Iudacilius Crueltie oâ— Iudacilius Iudacilius death S. Caesar dyeth Cuma in Campania felici Freemade men sent to vvarre Hetrurians novv Tuscanes The Italians made Citizens of Rome Cato slayne Sylla fleeth Sylla putteth to flight A Combate A Numidian Cluentius slayne Hirpini in the â—rutians Iucanes be they that novv be of Pasibcata Aquilano taken Citie in Brutâ—◠〈◊〉 ouerthrovven Asernia in 〈◊〉 Brianes novve 〈◊〉 in Abruzzo Salapia a Citie of Apulia vvhere 〈◊〉 vvas caught in loue Canue novve Berletta Canutui a citie in Apulia vvhere is the best vvoll in Italy novv Caâ—ossa The floud Anfido Trebatius is discomfited by Cossonius Larinates c. people of Apulia Pediculi in Calabria PoÌ„pedius killed Italians receiued to the freedome of Rome Vsurie Romaines Grecians and Persians hate Vsurie Asellio Sacrifice to Iupiters childreÌ„ Vesta the Goddesse of Virginitie Disorder Aselius killed Beginning of Ciuill vvarres Marius Sulpitius Vacation â–ª Sulpitius against the vacation Vacation reuoked Capua the chiefe Citie of Campania The vvarre of Mithridates appoynted to Marius Sylla to hys Souldyers Sylla reâ—urâ—â—eâ—â—â— to Rome in Armes Officers of good coÌ„science Aunsvvere of Sylla Celimontana Gate Collina Gate 〈…〉 entreth the Citie vvith armes AFsâ—â—â—lie vvas the hill in Rome vppon the vvhich Tâ—llus Hostâ—â—â—us kept his Souldioures First fight of the armes in Rome The boldnesse of Sylâ—â— Saburra in the old vvriting Succurra a streete in Rome vvhere Souldyers vvere placed to releeue them of Esquilia Marius fleeth Holy vvay in Rome so named of the peace that Romulus made vvith 〈…〉 Sylla renueth olde lavves Comicia CeÌ„turiata vvhere the best men gaue voyces King Tullus Marius c. proclaymed Traytors Sulpitius slayne Mynturna in Campania betvvene Formiae and Sinnessâ— Marius fleeth to Minturna A Frenchman appointed to â—â—â— Marius can not do it Marius escapeth Token of Marius honor Hard happe of Marius in escaping Pompey the Consull killed Câ—â—â—â— â–ª Octauius VVay Holy. Tuâ—â—â—â— in the vvhich the nevâ— Citizens are killed â—â—â—ur novve Tâ—â—â—â—â— sixteene miles from Rome Preneste novve Pâ—lastrâ—â—â— in Champaâ—ne of Rome Nola nine miles from Naples Cinna deposed The thing vvas called Apex vvhich vvas a vvand vvound about vvith vvooll in the heigth of his hatte Iupiters Priest Câ—â—â—â— to the Souldiers Cinna restored to his dignitie â–ª The Conâ—â—â—â— prepare for defence Collina a gate in Rome novve Salaria Marius returneth The Germanes vvere cal'ed Cimbrianes novv thought to be Dâ—â—es Ostia spoyled being at the mouth of Tiber about tvvelue miles from Rome Arimino is in that part that novv is called Romania next â—â— â—omberdie and vvas â—â—â— diuision of oâ—de Italy at the floud Rubicon Ceeâ—lius Metellus is too precise and giueth occasion of aduantage to his enimie Marius entreth Rome Appius Claudius â—eceyueth Marius into the Citie Marius repulsed Pompey destroyed by lightning Antium novv 〈◊〉 Aritia tennâ— mile from Rome Lanuuisâ—m novv Indouina Marius keepeth victuals from Rome The vvay called Appia vvent from Porta Capena to Brâ—â—â—dase paued vvith fouresquare stone Mount Albano nigh Rome vvith a lake of the vvhich a propliecie vvent of the â—â—mâ—unes victorie Resortâ— to 〈◊〉 The Senate sendeth to Cinna as Consull Doubriull aunsvvere Marius Marius scorneâ—â— The banishment of Marius reuoked Marius and Cinna giue their oth for Octauius He is counselled to flee The constancie of Octauius Censorinus commetâ— to kill Octauius contrary to the oth Octauius Consull headed 〈…〉 Noble men killed Crassus killed M. Antonius Orator bevvrayd by a Vintner Marius glad to haue Antonius killed Eloquence Cornutus saued by his Seruauntes Ancharius killed in the Temple Sylla proclaymed rebell Accusers Merula Catulus Luctatius â–ª Merula dieth Catulus dieth Cinna killeth the free made Marius dyeth 〈◊〉 in Marius place dyeth in Asia Actes of Sylla in Asia Sylla vvrighteth to the Senate Dalmatis is novv part of Slauonia The Souldyers refused to goe against their Countreymen Cinna killed Carbo afrayde to goe to Rome Lightnings vpon the TeÌ„ple of the Moone and Ceres The aunsvvere of Sylla Pelopâ—neso novv Mâ—â—â—â— Pireo vvas the porte of Athens novv Porto â—â—ne Para in Achaia Sylla giueth priuileges to Brunduse Metellus the duetifull câ—â—uneth to Sylla Pompeius comâ—ieth Pompey honored of Sylla Hiempsall restored by Pompey The preparation of Syllas enemies C. Norbanus L. Scipio Carbo The Consuss against Sylla Tvventy thousand men Sylla seemeth as an enimie to his Countrey Consuls cary authoritie Prophecies Monstrons tokens Capitoll turned The sharpnesse of this vvarre Three yeares lasted this vvarre The battayle at Caâ—â—sio This is the place called Câ—â—â—â— vvhere A 〈…〉 l gaue the Romaines their great ouerthrovve Another of that name Caâ—â—ssa Thâ—â—â—â— in Apâ—â—â—â— Sâ—â—â—ssa taken in the time of treatie by Sertorius a Citie in Campania nigh Monâ— Massico Scipio the Conâ—ull
sent to gouerne Fraunce after a long time being coÌ„mauÌ„ded by the Senate to giue ouer he aunswered that it was Pompey his enimie leading an army in Italy repining at his authoritie in Fraunce that sought to remoue him not the Senate Yet notwithstaÌ„ding he propounded coÌ„ditions That eyther both of them shoulde reteyne their armyes to anoyde suspition of perill Or that Pompey also should leaue his power and liue a priuate life according to the lawes Obteyning neyther of these he marched out of Fraunce against Pompey and his countrey the which he inuated and hym being fledde he pursued into Thessalie and ouercame him verye victoriously in a valiant battayle whom fléeing from thence hée followed into Egipt where he was slaine of that countrey men And when he hadde tarried and set a stay among the princes of Egipt and ouerthrown his greatest enemy who for his worthynesse in the warres was surnamed Great no man nowe being bolde to do anything against him he returned to Rome and was chosen the second Dictator perpetuall after Sylla Then al sedition ceassed out of hande tyll Brutus and Cassius eyther for enuye of his greatnesse or for zeale of their countrey kylled him in the Senate house being most accepted to the people and most expert in gouernement The people of all other most lamented him required his strykers to be punished they burned his body in the common place where they erected a temple and sacrifised vnto him as to a god Then discord reuued and increased so farre as slaughter bannishmente attendures both of Senate men and Gentlemen followed confusedlye the seditious of both sides séeking to sequester his enemye he cared not howe not sparing friendes nor brethren So muche did deadly desire of debate ouerwhelme al natural friendship and alliaunce Yea they wente so farre as thrée men that is to say Lepidus Antony and he that first was called Octauius who being of Caesars bloud and his son by adoption toke of him the name of Caesar did deuide the Romaine Empire as a priuate possession after the whiche deuision falling soone out as was none other lyke Octauius Caesar excéeding them both in wysedome and experience fyrste berefte Lepidus of Liâ—bia which fell vnto him by lotte and then ouerthrew Antonie at Actio and toke froÌ„ him al the rule he had from syna to the Duke of Iomaâ— after these most mightie actes wherewith all men were amased with hys nauy he wanne Egipt the gretest kingdome and of longest continuance after Alexanders reigne and only lefte to make the Romaine state as it is by the which being yet aliue he was of the people of Rome called Augustus and the firste that so had that title He shewed himselfe to be another Caesar yea more mightie than Caesar was as wel touching the subication of his owne countrey as of all other nations not néeding any election or forme of creation to be a pretence to his doings In continuance of time being setled in his state and in all things happy and beloued he left behind him a succession and a lynage to raigne likewise after him Thus the Common welth of the Romaines after diuerse debates came to vnitie and the rule of one How these things were done I haue written gathering the most notable matter that they that lyste may sée the vnsatiable ambition of men in gréedy desire of kingdome ioyned with intollerable paynes and innumerable kindes of calamities The which I haue the rather takeÌ„ in hand bicause dealing with the Historie of Egipt and al these things going before and ending there I was compelled to make rehersal of theÌ„ For by this occasion was Egipte also conquered when Cleopatra toke parte with Antony Now bycause of the multitude of matters I haue deuided them thus The first shall shewe the thyngs done from Sempronius Gracchus to Cornelius Sylla The seconde shall conteine al the actes from that time vnto the death of Caesar The rest shall declare all the dissention that was betwéene the thrée men one against an other and the Citizens of Rome and them vntill the last and greatest feate of Ciuill force in the whyche Augustus ouercame Antonie and Cleopatra at Actio from the which time the Chronicle of Egipt shal take his beginning ¶ The Historie of Appianus Alexandrinus of the Ciuil dissentions of the Romaines The first booke WHen the Romaines first conquered Italy whych they did by little little they toke part of the land and buylded new Cities or sent of their owne people to inhabite the old that by this meane they might be sure of the countrey The grounde that was tilled eyther they distributed or sold it or let it to ferme to the inhabitants The wast which by reason of the warre was very much not hauing euer leysure to make diuision of it they proclaymed in this sort to them that would manure it For the yearely increase of séede grounde they required the tenth part For the places planted with trées and woode they would haue a fifth part For Cattel eyther great or small they appointed a tribute accordingly Thys they did for the maintenaunce of the Italian nation whom they accounted to be men of best seruice that they might always in the wars haue the vse of that were their owne but it came soone otherwise to passe for the rich meÌ„ hauing got the greater part of the vndeuided lande prosumed vpon long prescription of time that no man would molest them and the poore mens small portions lying nygh them either they boughte for a little by persuasion or they encroched to them by very violence and oppression so as now in steade of Manour places they had as it were whole countries bycause they would not haue their husbandemen called anye time awaye to the warres they bought theyr Hynes and Herdes to laboure the grounds and would not sette their countrymen to any worke at all by reason whereof theyr gaine was incredible as well for the yearely profit of their possessions as for the multitude of encrease of those slaues whyche were neuer called to y warre Thus the great meÌ„ grew excéeding riche and euery place was ful of â—crutle generation but the Italians fel into decaye and wante of men and were also oppressed with pouerty by occasion of their continuall pressing to the war and dayly exactions put vpon them And if at any time they were eased of these they felt a further incoÌ„uenieÌ„ce for where they had no land of their owne the rich meÌ„ being Lords of al and they vsing the labour of bondmen in steade of frée men the Italians were vtterly corrupted with rest ydlenes The people of Rome was much offended herewith bicause they could not haue such seruice of the Italians as they had before and whensoeuer they made any expedition abroade they were not without daunger for the great multitude of bondemen at home they could not tel
After Apuleius and the rest were killed the Senate and the people decréede to call home Metellus but P. Furius Tribune not borne of a frée man to his father but made frée of a bond man boldly did resist them and reiected his sonne Metellus beséeching him with teares vpon his knées in the sight of all the people which yong man for that pitifull acte was euer after called Metellus the dutifull Caius Canuleius Tribune the next yeare did accuse Furius and the people that would not tarrie to haue him tried by iudgement did teare him in péeces Thus euer one mischiefe or other was committed in the common place Metellus was called home and as they say a daye did not suffice for them that came to welcome hym home at the gates of the Citie Thus the thirde sedition after the two former made of the two Graccâ—â— begunne by Apulesus and working muche trouble to the Romaynes was ended In the meane tyme kyndled a stirre called the fellowes warre whiche as it was sodayne so it shortlye grewe verye great and caused dissention to ceasse at home for feare of trouble abrode and when it was ended it raysed newe turmoyles and workers of discorde not for makyng of Cities or creating of officers among the people but wyth myghtye armyes séekyng one anothers destruction the whyche I thought good to ioyne with thys Hystorie bycause it procéeded of ciuill dissention and increased to a farre greater tumulte the begynnyng whereof was thys Fuluiuâ— Flaccus béeyng Consull was the fyrste that openly encouraged the Italians to aske the fréedome of Rome that of subiectes they myghte bée coequall in authoritie And bycause hée was so earnest in the cause the Senatoures sente hym to a forrayne warre where hée laboured to bée Tribune When hys office shoulde ende and broughte to passe that hée was chosen Tribune wyth Gracchus the yonger both the whyche going aboute to make lawes in the fauoure of the Italians were slayne as yée haue hearde whereby the Italians were the more sharplyesette takyng it gréeuouslye that they were rather vsed lyke vnderlyngs than fellowes and that Fuluius and Gracchus for theyr sakes were so destroyed after whome Liuius Drusus a noble man and Tribune hadde promised the Italians to make a lawe in theyr fauoure touchyng the freedome of the Citie whereof they were verye desirous as the onely meane of Seruauntes to bée made Superioures To gratifye the people of Rome the Tribune ledde newe inhabitances as well into Italie as Sicelie determined before but tyll that tyme deferred Hée also tooke in hande to make pacification betwéene the Senatoures and the Gentlemen whyche were fallen out for authoritie of iudiciall matters and when hée sawe hée coulde not directlye restore the Senate to theyr former iurisdiction he vsed a policie wyth them both for where the Senate by reason of sedition were scarcely the number of thrée hundred hée deuised that so many more shoulde bée chosen of the Gentlemen and of them all Judges to bee chosen in tyme to come to heare matters of corruption whyche was nowe no more regarded for men were waxen so shamelesse as it was thoughte no faulte but thys policie hadde contrarie successe for the Senate was gréeued that so many Gentlemen shoulde so suddaynely bée made theyr fellowes béeyng vnlyke that they in lyke authoritie would agrée with them The Gentlemen were afrayde that the whole order of iudgementes should be in the Senate the which thing now hauing tasted of great gaine with much authoritie they began not without cause to suspect besideforth an emulation grew among themselues which of theÌ„ shoulde be thought worthier than other to be chosen to the thrée C. and he that was was sure to be enuied but nothing did more trouble them than that the triall of corruption shoulde be called agayne to the ordinary court the which was now out of vse and in this the Senate and the Gentlemen though they agréed not among themselues yet they both conspired agaynste Drusus The people was pleased wyth theyr newe habitations But the Italians for whose sakes the Tribune hadde begunne all these things could not away with the placing of newe habitacions for if the diuision of common land should ceasse the rich men some by force and some by fraude woulde winne it and streight get it from them and be euill neyghbours to them that would with-holde them The Tuscanes and the Vmbrians hauing the like affection were brought of the Consull inpretence to dispatche Drusus but in very déde to resist the lawe againste the which they openly cryed and expected the day of determination When the Tribune hearde of this he came not abroade but gaue audience at home in a darke gallerie and in an euening dismissing the people it hapned so that he cryed I am hurt and with y word he fell downe dead it was found that he was strickeÌ„ with a Shomakers knife in y flanke Thus Drusus the Tribune was slayne The Gentlemen of this determination tooke occasion to picke quarels against their enimies and induced Q. Valerius the Tribune to take vppon him to accuse all them that eyther priuily or apertly had furthered the Italians in the publique matters hoping thereby the great men should haue bin brought into slaunders and diffamation and they be their Judges whych being ridde away they shoulde yet haue greater power in the common wealth And whereas other Tribunes did refuse to propound the lawe the Gentlemen with swords in hand did coÌ„passe the place and caused the law to be made which as soone as they had obteyned they brought in accusers againste the Senatours whereof one Bestius woulde not obey but wente into voluntarie banishment as he that would not giue himselfe into the hands of his enimies Cotta appeared in iudgement and when hée had very boldly declared his seruice for the common wealth and reprehended the Gentlemen before he shoulde be cast out by decrée he wente away willingly Mummius that euercame Greece being promised of the Gentlemen to be released was deceyued and forced with shame to flée iudgement and to leade his lyfe in the I le of Delos The people began to be gréeued at this disorder increasing dayly against the best men lamenting that so many and so good CitizeÌ„s should be so suddainely taken from them The Italians hearing of Drusus death and the cause of so many mens exile thinking no longer to be suffered that such a sort of their chiefe patrones should be thus vsed and not hoping any other way to obteyne the fréedome of the Citie determined to leaue the Romaines and to make warre vpon them At the beginning of this confederacie they secretely gaue hostages for assurance of their faith which thing was long hidde to the Romaines bycause of their dissention and iudiciall causes but when it was perceyued they sente diuers abroade to vnderstand the thyng closely one of the whiche marking that
a yong man of the Citie of Asculi was deliuered to an other citie as pledge he did vtter it to Seruilius the President of that prouince for at that time it should séeme that the Romaines had presidents in diuers partes of Italy whiche manner Hadriane when he was Emperoure desired to renue but it coÌ„tinued not loÌ„g after his time Seruilius came in great anger to Asculi at a feast and sharply rebuked them wherevpon they killed him bycause they were discouered by hym They killed also Fonteius that was his legate They had the name of Legates among the Romaines that were sent in commission to the Presidents of the Countrey After these two were slayne there was as little courtesie shewed to the rest of the Romaines for they were al killed and their goodes set to spoyle The conspiracie being now opened all the neighboures about Asculi wente to armes The Marsians the Malinians the Vestinians the Marucians and beside them the Picentines the Ferentines the Husians the Pompeyans the Venusians the lapigianes and the Samnites whiche people before had euer bin enimies and hurtfull to the Ramaines All other nations from the floud Lario which floweth as I take it at Linterno to the Gulfe of Ionia did send theyr Embassadors to the Romaines complayning that where the Senate had vsed their seruice and trauell alwayes in getting theyr great Empire they made no regard of it nor for all their paines thought them worthy to be partaker of their Citie To whome the Senate sharply answered that if they repented theyr former doings they shoulde send Embassadors if not they shoulde sende none They as men desperate prepared for the warre and made a common army of all the Cities one of footemen and an other of Horsemen to the number of one hundred thousande The Romaines made power as greate againste them partly of their owne and partlye of the Confederate Cities that yet remayned in league Sextus Iulius Caesar and Publius Rutilius Lupus then Consulles were leaders both as in a warre at hande and daungerous The rest remayned at home to defende the gates and the walles and bycause mens mindes were enâ—angâ—ed thys waye and that waye by reason of the newe lawe they appoynted assistantes to the Consulles whome they called Legates menne of the best â—orte To Rutilius was ioyned Cneus Pompeyus father to Pompey that was surnamed Greateâ— Quintus Capiâ— Caâ—â—s Perpenna and Valerius Messala To Sextus Caesar P. Lentulus brother of the sayde Caesar Titus Didius Licinius Crassus and Cornelius Sylla And beside these Marcus Marcellus These many appoynted to the Consuls serued as Lieutenantes in seuerall places and the Consuls wente ouer all to whome and to the other the Romaines sente euer newe supplyes as in a trouble of greate danger The Italians hadde theyr Captaynes out of euerye Citie besyde the whyche as in a generall cause these were the Generalles T. Afranius C. Ponâ—ilius Marius Ignatius Quintus Pompedius C. Papius M. Lampronius C. Iudacilius Hirius Asinius and Vetius Cato These deuidyng theyr armyes togyther wente agaynste the Romayne Captaynes many tymes with the aduantage and many tymes wyth the losse the chiefe of both the whyche brieflie to declare were these Vetius Cato putte to flighte Sextus Iulius kylied two thousande of hys menne and droue him to Asâ—rniâ— a Citie of the Romayne deuotion where standyng to theyr defence L. Scipio and L. Acilius in slaues apparell fledde awaye and the enimies wyth tyme and hunger consumed them Marius Ignatius tooke Venafro by treason and kylled two companies of the Romaines P. Presenteius dyd ouerthrowe Perpenna a leader of tenne thousande kylled foure thousande and tooke the armoure from the moste parte of the rest Wherefore Ratilius the Consull discharged Perpenna of hys leading and commytted the remnaunte of the Armye to C. Marius M. Lamponius slewe eyghte hundred of them that were with Licinius Crassus and chased the other to the Citie of Grumentâ— C. Papius gâ—tâ— Nola by treacherie and made Proclamation to two thousande Romaines that were there to come and serue whyche they dyd and hée accepted them but the Captaynes that refused to obey hys Proclamation hée tooke and famished them to deathe He waâ—â—e also Castabuli Minturnio and Salerno that were habitations of Rome and caused all the prisoners and Captyues to serue in hys Campe. He burned all aboute the compasse of Nuceria whyche caused the nexte Cities to yéelde for feare Hée requyryng an armye of them they sente hym tenne thousande menne and one thousande Horse wyth the whyche hée beséeged Acerre â–ª Sextus Caesar wyth tenne thousande Frenche footemen and manye Numidian Horsemenne approched to Acerre Papius broughte out of Venusio Oxintha sonne to Iugurthe sometyme Kyng of Numidia where hée was kepte of the Romaines and claddyng hym wyth Purple shewed hym manye tymes to the Numidianes that were wyth Caesar of the whyche manye fledde thycke vnto hym as to theyr kyng Wherefore Caesar sente awaye the rest as suspected into theyr Countrey after the whiche Papius came vppon hym wyth contempte and bette downe parte of hys trenche Hée sente hys Horsemenne aboute whyche kylled syxe thousande of Papius Souldyoures whiche done Caesar remoued the Campe from Acerre To Iudacilius in Iapigia the Canusians Venusians and manye other Cyties dyd yeelde some that woulde not hée ouercâ—me and as manye noble menne of the Romaynes as he founde hée slewe the Commons and the slaues hée vsed in hys 〈◊〉 Rutilius the Consull and C. Marius made Brydges not farre asunder to passe ouer the Riuer of Liris Vetius Cato camped nigh the bridge of Marius and layde an ambushe ouer agaynste the Consuls bridge In the morning he suffered him to passe ouer and set vpon him with that sleyght and many of his people he killed on the lande many also he drowned in the flaud The Consull in this conflict was hurt in the head and dyed shortlye after Marius being at the other bridge and perceyuing y chance by the bodyes that were brought by the streame passed the floud with great speede and set vppon Catos Camp kept off a few and made him lodge the nighte where he had wonne the day from whence for lacke of victuall he was compelled to depart Futilius corpse and many other Gentlemen being sent to Rome to be burned it was an heauie sight to sée the Consull and so many other destroyed and cause of many daies mourning wherefore the Senate decréede that they that dyed in the warre should be buryed there least the other by the sight should be made afraide to goe to the fielde No successor was made to Rutilius that yeare bycause Sextus Caesar had no leysure to goe to the election but hys host the Senate appointed Caius Marius and Q. Caepio to rule Q. Pompedius lying against Caepio fledde as a ruÌ„nagate and brought two slaues as pledges cladde in purple as his sonnes and to haue the more credite
Vintner sente one straighte to Marius and opened the matter whereof hée was so glad as he mynded to haue gone and kylled hym hymselfe but béeyng stayed of his friendes a Captayne of a bande was appoynted to it who sente hys Souldyoures into the house whome Antonius béeyng so singulare an Orator dyd deteyne wyth swéete spéeches dyuers wayes mouyng them to pitie The Captayne maruellyng at the matter wente into the house and founde them attentiuely hearkenyng to hys tale wherefore hymselfe kylled hym as he was yet eloquente in speakyng and sente hys head to Marius Cornutus lying hydde in a Cotage hys menne carefullye kepte hym They founde a dead bodye whyche they threwe into a fyre that they hadde made and when the searchers came they sayde it was theyr maisters bodye whome they hadde fyrste strangled Thus was hée saued by hys Seruauntes Q. Ancharius wayted when Marius shoulde make Sacrifice in the Capitoll trustyng in the tyme of Sacrifice to fynde hym the more mercifull When he hadde begunne the Sacrifice and sawe Ancharius commyng vnto him he commaunded hym to be killed there so hys head Antonius and other Consulles and Senatours were sette vp in the common place None of theyr bodies thus slayne were thoughte worthye to bée buried but the carcasses of so many noble men were throwne downe to be deuoured of Dogges and Foule Many other horrible actes were done vpon them expulsion from their possessions publication of their goodes depriuatioÌ„ of their dignities reuocation of all things that Sylla had done whose friends and kinsfolke were killed his house pulled downe his goods conflscate and he proclaymed enemie to his countrie his wife and his daughter with great daunger escayed finally there was all sortes of miâ—eries and mischiefe that could be inuented and for a shewe of law and authoritie after so many murders without law accusings were broughte in againste Merula Iupiters priest for anger of his office whiche he tooke without any displeasure to Cinna and against Catulus Luctatius who was felow with Marius in the warre agaynst the Gimbrians and once saued by Marius but now thought vnthankfull for that he was sore agaynst him after he was banished They were kept in close pryson till the court day and then called to iudgement where they must be foure times cited by certen distaunce of houres Merula in the meane time cut hys vaynes and by a wryting made by him did testifie that he had layde of his priestly attyre when he cut his vaynes for it was not lawfull for a Priest to die with that vpon him Catulus choked himself in a chamber new made and moysty with a smoke and thus they two died The bondmen that came to Cinna by proclamation were al made frée and seruyng him as Soldiours they did not onely runne aboute and spoyle euery house but also slew whome soeuer they mette not sparyng their olde maysters Cinna many times did monishe theÌ„ but they were neuer the better wherefore in the night when they were at rest he sent the French bandes and killed them euery one Thus these flaues receyued worthy punishment for theyr vnfaithfulnesse agaynst their maysters The yeare folowyng Cinna the seconde tyme and Marius the vij tyme were chosen Consuls to whom after his banishment and proclamation that any man might kill him the token of seuen Egles appeared agayne vnto him He being bent to all extremitie agaynst Sylla died the firste ikoneth of his seueÌ„th CoÌ„sulship Cinna tooke Valerius Flaccus in hys place and sente him into Asia who beyng dead also he chose Carbo to be his felow in office Sylla thynkyng long to returne agaynst hys enimies made shorte ende with Mithridates and as wée haue sayde before in thrée yeares and them not complete he destroyed one hundred and thréescore thousande menne He restored to the Romaine Empyre Graecia Macedonia Asia and Ionia with other nations that Mithridates had oppressed Hée tooke from hym hys nauie shutte hym within the compasse of his Fathers kyngdome hée returned with an arinie mightie obedient experte and coragiâ—us in theyr doyngs paste he brought also a multitude of shippes money and furniture of all thyngs fitte whereby hée was feared of hys enimies Cinna and Carbo beyng perplexed sente diuerse ouer all Italâ—â— to prouide money menne and victuall the ryche menus with theyr substaunce they made sure the Citties they styrred especially the newe made Citizens as for whose sake they were now in daunger They prepared a nauy with great spéede they called home the shippes of Cicelie they kepte the coaste sure omitted nothing that might be done with spéedy care and diligence Sylla with haughty harte wrote to the Senate of himselfe shewyng what hée had done in Lybia when he was Treasourer agaynst Iugurth kyng of Numidia what agaynst the Cimbrians what in Cicelie when he was Admirall and what in the felowes warre when he was Consull but the late affayres done agaynst Mithridates he chiefly extolled rehearsing at large the infinite sorte of nations that he had taken from hym and made subiecte to the Romaynes notwithstandyng all the whiche bycause hée had receyued certayne afficted Gentlemen of Rome banished by Cinna and comforted them in calamitie hée was of hys enimies proclaymed rebell to hys countrey hys house was pulled downe hys friendes were slayne his wyfe and chyldren coulde scarcely saue themselues and flée vnto hym But nowe he woulde come and be auâ—nged of them and the whole Cittie for theyr doyngs as for the other Citizens and them that were newe made he woulde not blame any of them These letters being redde euery man was afrayd they sent Embassadours to treate of attenement with his aduersaries and if he requyred any assuraunce that the Senate woulde fulfill it and commaunded Cinnas his officers to leaue gathering of meÌ„ till Syllas aunswere were heard They promised so to do but when the Embassadors were gone they made themselues Consuls for the nexte yeare bycause they woulde not returne of the suddayne for the elections and wente aboute Italy gathering men whiche they sente into Lyburnia as they were ready there intending to sette vpon Sylla The firste that wente had prosperous iourney the nexte were beaten with tempest so as when they came to lande they returned euery man to theyr Countrey as though they woulde not willingly serue agaynste the Citizens The other hearing of thys refused to sayle into Lyburnia Cinna was displeased and warned them to assemble mynding to compell them they with anger wente thynking to be reuenged One of the Sergeantes makyng way for Cinna and hitting one of the Souldyers ouer the legges an other of the army stroke the Sergeant agayne Cinna commaunding him to be taken they all made a great shoute and fell to throwing of stones They that were next him drew their swordes and kylled him Thus Cinna being Consul was murthered Carbo called froÌ„ Lyburnia them that sayled thither
and being afraid of these doings woulde not returne to Rome albeit y Tribunes did earnestly require him to come to y election of a new fellow in office at leÌ„gth threatning him y they would make him priuate he came propounded the electioÌ„ of a new Consul The day being vnlucky hée appointed an other That daye also lightnings falling vpon the Temple of the Mone Goddesse of Corne y maisters of Ceremonies did differre y election till after y standing high of the Sommer Sunne so Carbo was CoÌ„sul alone In the meane tune Sylla made this answere to theÌ„ that came to him froÌ„ the Senate that he could not be friend to them that had dealte so outragiously by him but with the Citie that desired his preseruation he had no quarrell yet he said they should be most sure that would trust to him whome to defend he had a welwilling armye By thys woâ—de it was chiefly vnderstanded that he woulde not dissolue his army but intended to play the Tyrante He requyred hys dignitie hys substance his Priesthode and anye other office he had to be restored vnto him without exception and with the Embassadoures he sente certayne of his to require the same â—he whiche hearing that Cinna was slayne and the Citie troubled returned from Brunduse to Sylla doing nothing then Sylla with fiue Legiones of Italyans syxe thousand Horse and certaine other of Pelopâ—neso and Macedonia marched hauing in the whole fortie thousande from Pireo to Patra and from Patra to Brunduse with xvj hundreth Shippes The Brundusianes receyued him willingly wherfore he gaue them priuiledges which they yet holde From thence he remoued his army and went forward Mesellus surnamed the duetifull that was lefte to finishe the fellowes warre and for Cinna and Marius came not into the citie but remayned in Liguria to sée what would happe came vnto him â—ncalled as fellow in the warre and he accepted his societie as yet Proconâ—ull for they that be once chosen do continue till they returne to Rome After Metellus Câ— Pompeius that not long after was called greate sonne to him that was killed with the lightnyng as we sayde before came vnto him with a legion of the Picenes who for the glory of his father mighte doe muche with that people and to auoyde suspition â–ª not thought to be Syllas friende and shortly after brought twoo legions more and was the moste forwarde man in the aâ—auncement of Sylla wherfore Sylla had him in greate honour and as they say would onely rise to him when he came though he was but very yong and this warre ceasing he sente him into Lybia to breake Carbos friendes there and to restore Hiempsall whome the Numidians had expulsed for the whiche Sylla graunted him to triumph of the Numidians beyng yet yong and but a gentleman By this meane Pompey growyng greate he was sente into Spayne agaynste Sertorius and after into Pâ—ntus agaynst Methridates Cethegus also came to Sylla that was his most earnest enimie with Cinna and Marius and with them put out of the Citie He humbled himselfe vnto him and promised to do what seruice he woulde haue hym Thus hauing a very greate army and many noble friendes hée vsed them as Lieutenants but he and Metellus were yet Proconsuls and had the highest place for it was thought that Sylla being Proconsul in the warre against Mithridates was not yet discharged of it though he were iudged a Rebell of Marius The haâ—e he bare to his enimies was gréeuous and close who being in the Citie and well coniecturing of his nature by his last inuasion thereof hauing the taking of the same yet in their eyes and their decrées made against him still in memorie his house ouerthroweÌ„ in their sight his goodes conâ—â—â—cated his friends killed and his familie hardly escaped were in maruellous feare and thinking no meane to be betwéene victorie and vtter destruction did with feare conspire with the Consuls against him They sente aboute Italy they gathered men and money leauing off nothing in thys extremitie eyther of foreâ—ight or diligence Caius Norbanus Lucius Scipio both Consuls and with them Carbo who the yeare before was in authoritie hauing all like hate againste Sylla with feare conscience of that they had done against him more than other gathered in the Citie as great an army as they could and an other out of Italy and went seuerally againste Sylla with two hundred bands of fiftie men at the firste but after with more than these for the fauor of most men enclyned towarde the Consuls for the doings of Sylla comming againste his countrey had the shewe of an enimie but that the Consuls and their friends dyd had a pretence of the state The common sorte knowing their former offences ioyned with them as partakers of their dread for they perceiued certainly that Sylla did not minde the correction afraying or punishment of a fewe but the destruction slaughter and vtter vndoing generally of all whiche opinion was not vayne for this warre consumed all in the which tenne thousand tweÌ„tie thousand did many times fall in one fight and about the Citie fiftie thousande of both sides was slayne and to the rest Sylla lefte no kinde of crueltie vndone neyther to priuate men nor to whole Cities till he had made himselfe a Monarke of the Romaine Empire and brought all to his will and pleasure All this was as it were by inspiration shewed before vnto them for fearefull things againste reason did vexe all men priuately and publikely ouer all Italy and the olde prophestes most fearefull were called to memorie and menye Monsters were dayly séene A Mâ—le did bring forthe A Woman deliuered a Uiper for a child God with earthquakes shaked the Citie and ouerthrewe many Temples and that that most gréeued the Romaines the Capitoll that before from the Kings had continued foure hundred yeares was sette a fyre and no man coulde tell the cause all the which did foreshew the multitude of men to be killed the ouerthrowe of Italy the Captiuitie of Rome and hir Citizens and the change of the common wealth This warre beganne when Sylla arriued at Brunduse the CLXXIIII Olympiad The length of it is not so great as the sharpnesse of the extremities euerye man his priuate meanes was followed bycause the vehemencie of their affections caused in short time the more and sharper effects to followe Thrée yeares it continued in Italy till Sylla gote the principalitie In Spayne it continued longer but the battayles the skirmishes the expugation of fortes the séeges and all the formes of warres in Italy both of the whole armies and of part of them by their seuerall Captaynes were many and al notable The greatest and most worthy of the whiche to speake brieflie were these The first was at Canutium by the Proconsuls against Norbanum where Norbanus lost vj. M. men and Sylla lxx
electioÌ„ as an Image pretence of a libertie in wante of al things did create Sylla a TyraÌ„t to rule as he woulde The office of Dictator hauing some similitude of a TiraÌ„t in old time was sone ended but now that first time without any limitatioÌ„ it was made very tyrannie in déede Only for the names sake of election they chose him Dictator to make lawes vse the coÌ„mon wealth as he thought good Thus the Remaines hauing kings first in the hundred Olimpias after being a populare state with yearely CoÌ„suls another hundred Gréeke Olimps being passed they had kings agayne after the Clxx. Olimpâ— In Greece ther was now no more actiuitie vsed in the Olimps but renning of the race for the Champions other sightes Sylla had remoued to Rome as some recreatioÌ„ to the people after the warre with Mithridates the troubles of Italy for he pretended that he would refresh and coÌ„fort y people after their long laboures to shew a figure of a coÌ„mon wealth he willed theÌ„ to choose CoÌ„suls so first were chosen Marcus Silius Oratilius Dolabella and he lyke a King ouerlooked them Being Dictator foure and twents ares were borne before him as was wont before she old kings He had also a great gard aboute his body Some lawes he made and some he reuoked He woulde haue none to be Pretor before he were Questor nor none Consull before he were Pretor and forbadde any man to haue that office twice before tenne yeares distance The Tribune ship of the people he so defaced and deminished that no man cared greatly for it for he ordeyned that hée that was once Tribune should haue none other authority wherfore all they that were renoumed or noble vtterly refused that office and I can not affirme whether Sylla did translate it to the Senate as it nowe is or no and bycause the Senate was consumed by warre and ciuill discord he chose thrée hundred of the order of Gentlemen to be Senatoures and haue voyce by companies in elections The Seruants of them that were slayne being yong and lustie he made frée to the number of tenne thousande and declared them CitizeÌ„s of Rome and named them of himselfe Cornelians and by this meane he had of the commons tenne thousand to do his commaundemente He prouided the same throughout Italy and to the xxiii Legions that serued vnder him he gaue much lands in diuers Cities as I haue said whereof parte was neuer deuided and part was forfeyte by penaltie He was to bée feared in al things and so ready to anger as he slew in the midst of the Pallace Lucretius Offellâ— by whome he beséeged Marius in Preneste and wonne that Citie and obteyned his great victorie bycause he desired to be Consull before he hadde bin Questor or Pretor being of the Gentlemens order And after he had denyed him he not leauing his sute bycause he trusted in the greate seruice he had done but made request to the Citizens he called the people to a Counsel and thus said Friends know you and giue care to me I haue killed Lucretius bycause he was disobediente vnto me so theÌ„ he shewed a reason A certaine PloughmaÌ„ was bitten with Lyce and stayed his Plough twice to picke them out of his cote but when they bit him the third time he threw his cote in the fire So doc I aduise all as subdued that they doe not proue the fire at the third time Thus he astonished all men vsing his authoritie at his pleasure triumphed of the warre against Mithridates Some in a test called his rule a negatiue kingdome bycause only the name of a King was denied out other turning it to the contrary in déedes named it a playne Tyrannie To so great inconuenience had this warre brought both the Romaines Italians and all other nations partly with Pirates partly with Mithridates and partly Sylla his inuasions partly with consuming their treasure in sedition and oppression of extreame exactions all the nations and Kingdomes all confederates and Cities as wel tributaries as other that by league and oth had ioyned themselues to the Romaine Empire for theyr societie in warre and other seruice liued with their owne lawes and were frée he caused all to pay and to obey him and froÌ„ some portes prouinces granted by league were takeÌ„ away Sylla receiued to his protection Alexander sonne of Alexander Kyng of Aegipt brought vp in the I le of Coo and of theÌ„ deliuered to Mithridates and from him sledde to Sylla and by decrée made hym king of Alexandria being now destitute of a man King bycause the women that were of the royall bloud wanted a man of their kinne thinking to get great gayne of this rich Countrey but the Alexandrines wheÌ„ he had raigned ninetéene dayes sharply bearing himselfe of Silla brought him from the Court into the commoÌ„ schole and there killed him So they for the greatnes of their proper kingdome and not féeling the smart that other had done cared not for others power The yeare following Silla vsing stil the authoritie of Dictator yet to shewe it a forme of populare state was chosen Consull and with him Metellus surnamed dutifull and by this example peraduenture they that be now kyngs of Rome do admit Consuls they them selues be Consuls sometime also thinking it no dishonor to haue that office with a greter authoritie The yeare following the people desired Silla to be Consul againe but he refused it appointed Seruilius Isauricus Claudius Pulcher to that office and he withoute any compulsion gaue ouer the office of Dictatorship fréely being the highest dignitie of all other and surely I maruell that he who was nowe chiefe of all other and alone in authoritie woulde giue ouer so noble a dignitie not to his children as Ptolomeus in Aegipt Ariobâ—rzanes in Cappadocia and Seleucus in Syria but to them that had suffered by his tirannic It séemeth beyoÌ„d reason that he who by violence passing so many perils hadde made himselfe a Prince should so freely leaue it beyond al meÌ„s opinions haue no feare of the alteration After he had killed more than a hundred M. meÌ„ in warre slaine so many ciuill enimies aboue nine C. Senators xv Consuls and 2600. Gentlemen and banished a great number more some of the whiche he spoyled of their goodes some their liues not suffering them to be buryed that he was neither afraid of them at home nor abroade nor of the Cities of some of the which he had bet downe their forts and walles from some takeÌ„ away their goodes and landes and put tributes vpon them but would néedes become a priuate man So great a confidence and fortune had this man that in the middest of the common place he burst say that therefore he gaue ouer his authoritie that he mighte render an accompt of it if he were required The
vnsealed and Perpenna founde to be his heyre euerye man hated hym the more bicause hee was not onely a Traytour to hys Capitayne but to hys friende and benefactour and then hadde they not helde theyr handes but that Perpenna hydde hymselfe and pleased some with gifts and some with promise some he made afrayde with feare and some he sharpely vsed with the terror of other To the common sorte he humbled himselfe and suche as were in pryson by Sertorius he deliuered and to the Lusitanes restored their pledges wherfore they were content to take him as their Captain This honor had he after Sertorius yet not without great difficultie for being cruell he soone fel to sharpe punishing and of the Romaines that came with hym he killed thrée of the noblest sorte and hys own Nephew Now was Metellus gone to the other side of Iberia thinkyng Pompey to be sufficient to ouerthrowe Perpenna who a while spent the tyme in makyng skirmishes not bringing for the their whole power The tenth day with all their battailes they came into y field thinking with that one worke to make an end Pompey passed little of Perpennas experience Perpenna distrustfull of his armies coÌ„tinuance in obedience was y rather willing to try all at once Pompey giuing the onset the more â—â—ercely Perpenna not abiding as a Captain and the army voide of goodwil was soone ouercome euery man flying Perpenna hid him vnder a tuffte of bushes fearing more his own than his enimies béeing taken of certaine horsemen they dragged him to Pompey of his owne people hee was euil spoken of for his offence againste Sertorius he made great ado to be brought aliue to Pompey to reueale vnto him gret matter of y Romaine factioÌ„ eyther to tel the truth or to saue himselfe but Pompey sent to haue hym kylled before he came in his sight fearing leaste hee might haue vttered some strange matter y might haue bin y beginning of a new stir in Rome wherin Pompey séemed to do very well wisely wan a great opinion therby This was the end of the war in Iberia and of Sertorius life which if he had not bin dead would not haue bin finished neyther so soone nor so easyly The warre of Spartaco In this time in Italy a Sword-player that kepte in Capua for shews called Spartacus a Thracian borne had serued in war wyth the Romaines now was as a slaue in custodie for to shew his cuÌ„ning in plaies he persuaded .lxx. more of his fellows to adueÌ„ture for their libertie rather thaÌ„ to be slaues for shews with theÌ„ forcing y kéepers he ran away arming such as hemet with staues swordes he fled to the Mount Vesuuius whither many slaues some fréemen flying to him froÌ„ the Countries he receiued theÌ„ robbed the plaines adioyning he appointed two officers Aenomaus and Crissus other two Sword-players making equall diuision of his pray among them in short tyme great multitudes came vnto hym Whom to ouercome Varinius Glabrius was first sent after hym Publius Valerius not with an army of any regard but such as for hast they could gather by y way For y Romaines did not think it shold néed any other nor looked for such effect at a Sword-players hand But when it came to the battell the Romaines were ouercome Spartacus killed Varinius horse it lacked but little that y Romaine Captain was not takeÌ„ of a vile Sword player after this fight more more resorted to Spartacus and he had now an army of .lxx. M. for whom he made armor al other prouision The Romaines sent the Consuls with twoo legions against whome Crissus came wyth .xxx. M. and was ouercome at Mount Garinus loosing two partes of his army and his life also Spartacus passed ouer mount Apennine to go into France beyond the Alpes but one of the Consuls laye in the waye and stopped his passage and the other followed him he fought with them both and ouercame them in seuerall fightes so as the CoÌ„suls retyred with tumuit Spartacus did sacrifice thrée hundered Romaines to his felowe Cressus and with twentie thousand Remaine footemen he wente to Rome burning all vnprofitable birdes and killed all Captiues and the beastes of cariage to march the faster Many fugitiues comming vnto him he would admitte none The Consuls encouÌ„tred him at Picene where was a notable fight and many of the Romaines slayne and loste the day Yet durst he not go directly to Rome bycause he did not thinke hymselfe equai with the Citizens in feates of warre nor had an army throughly instructed for neuer a Citie toke his part but only slaues and fugitiues and a confused multitude folowing him he turned to the mountaines at Thurus besieged the towne hée forhad any merchaÌ„t to bring gold or siluer into his campe or to be vsed but brasse yron he admitted paying wel for it did not hurt theÌ„ that brought it Wherby hauing matter abeuÌ„dant hée made verye fayre armour and vsed to séeke pray in the countrey and fought with the Romaines againe and had the victorie went away with a great spoyle Now were thrée yeares past and this warre remayned horrible to the Romaines which at the first they contemned as a play of Fence The election of y new Consuls being come such a terror was of him as no maÌ„ desired the office â–ª till Licinius Crassus notable in Rome for his house and riches toke it vpon him and with sixe other legions wente against Spartacus and being come nigh he receyued the armies of the two CoÌ„suls of the which he put to death euery tenth maÌ„ as bapt by lot bycause they had bin so oft ouercome Some thinke otherwise that they al fought and were ouercome and theÌ„ he so punished them by the tenth kylled foure thousande hauing no doubt of the multitude But whither so euer he dyd it auayled much to the ouerthrow of his enemies for by and by he set vpoÌ„ them ten thousand of Spartacus men that camped by theÌ„ wherof he killed two partes and then with like courage so fiercely encouÌ„tryng with Spartacus he ouercame him with a notable fight and chased him to the sea wher he thought to escape by ship into Sicilie but he ouertoke him and enclosed him in a trench and when he had forced him to â—lée to the Samnites Crasses killed sixe thousand of them at the sunne rise and as manye at the sunne set thrée only of the Romaines beyng killed and seauen hurt so great an alteration was there of victorie after the executioÌ„ of that punishmente Spartacus loking for horsemen to come vnto him did not nowe come forth with all his men but by tymes did much annoy the besiegers sodaynely issuing vppon them throwing firebrandes into their campe burned their wall and put them to much
declared Consul and requested of the Senate a little longer tyme for hys office in Fraunce or at the least for parte of it But Marcellus that was Consull after Pompey was agaynst it the whiche when it was tolde Caesar be layde hys hande vpon the hilte of his sworde as they say and answeared Then thus shall gyue it me Hes buylded newe Como night vnto the Alpes with the priuiledges of Italie whiche is that so many as be officers a yéere shall be Cittizens of Rome whiche was a greate prerogatiue to Italie One of newe Como that had thus borne office and thereby thought to be frée at Rome Marcellus in despight of Caesar did beate with roddes whiche the Romaines doe not suffer formo cause and in rage he bewraying his harte bad him take this token of hospitalitie and goe shewe it to Caesar This spight vsed Marcellus and perswaded to sende successours to his prouinces before the time expyred But Pompey was agaynst that vnder a shewe of conueniencie and beneuolence that it was not méete that so noble a man so many wayes profitable to hys Countrey shoulde be thus maligned for so shorte a tyme and decréed that with tyme Caesar shoulde gyue ouer hys rule After this Caesars chiefe enimies were chosen Consuls Aemilius Paulus and Calidius Marcellus cousin to the former Marcellus Curio an other greate enimie of Caesar was elected Tribune well beloued of the people a great speaker Caesar coulde not winne Claudius for no money but Paulus he made hys friende with an hundered and fiftye talentes that he shoulde neyther doe wyth hym nor against hym it coste him more to win Curio bycause he was so muche in debt Wyth this money Paulus builded a publique place called Paulus Palaice one of the fayre workes of Rome Curio that he shoulde not be discouered by change of the sodaine required the office of making and pauing of many and long high wayes and to be ouerséer of the same fiue yeares togither knowing he should obtaine none of these and trusting that Pompeys friends would speake against him so haue some pretence against PoÌ„pey which things coÌ„ming to passe indéed as he thought he had an occasioÌ„ of offeÌ„ce Claudius propounded to send successours to Caesars prouinces for the time was now at hand Paulus said nothing Curio seeming to disseÌ„t froÌ„ both praised Claudius opinion as agréeing to it said it was meete that Pompey shoulde giue ouer both prouince and armye as well as Caesar for so should the state of the Citie bée cleare and out of feare on bothe sides Many being against this as not right bicause Pompeys time was not yet expired Curio theÌ„ shewed himselfe plainely and sharply that it was not reason to sende successours to Caesar vnlesse Pompey did giue ouer for being suspitious the one of the other the Citie shoulde neuer haue sure peace vnlesse all men were priuate Thus he spake bicause he knewe that Pompey would not leaue his power and bycause he saw them offended with him for hys iudgementes of corruption Thys opinion beyng honest the people praysed Curio as the only man that for the common weale cared for neyther of their displeasure and they brought him home casting floures as vpon a champion of a great and difficult cause For at that tyme nothyng séemed more daungerous than to dissent from Pompey who passing about Italy somewhat sickely subtitlye sente vnto the Senate praysing Caesars actes and rehearsing his owne froÌ„ the beginning and that the thirde Consulshippe being giuen hym and prouinces with an army accordingly he did not séeke it but was called to it beyng thought méete for the redresse of the common wealth and that I quoth he receiued vnwillingly I doe willingly giue ouer to them that will haue it before my time prefixed The manner of this writing wrought a good lyking to Pompey and a misliking to Caesar that woulde not giue ouer when his time was ended When Pompey was come to the Citie he spake as muche in effect and then promised to giue it ouer and as a friend and welwiller to Caesar toke in hand that hée also would leaue with glad mind For now being in yeares and hauing taken greate paines in the armies againste most fierce nations and wonne great honor to his Countrey he would séeke rest with the offices and sacrifices of the Citie Thus he spake that successours might be straight sent to Caesar and he standing vpon his promise only But Curio correcting his sutteltie sayd it was not ynough to promise but to giue ouer in déede nor that Caesar shoulde be put from his armye before he were in priuate state neyther shoulde it be commodious for him to mainteyne priuate eâ—mitie neyther for the Romaines that suche a power shoulde be with one rather than with the other that if eyther of them woulde hurt the Citie the other shoulde haue to resist and nowe holding in no longer he openly reprooued Pompey as a séeker of tyrannie and if it were not nowe that he gaue ouer hys army for feare of Caesar he would not giue it ouer at all therfore he thought good that if they disobeyed they should both be declared enimies and an army gathered against them by this talke be couered that he was corrupted by Caesar Pompey being gréeued and threatning went angerly away into the suburbes The Senate now had them both suspected but thought Pompey the more tractable Caesar they misliked bycause of their suspition in his Consulship and therefore did not thinke it safe to dissolue Pompeys power vnlesse Caesar did resigne being abroade and of a more aspiring mind but Curio was against it and that it was expedient that after Pompey Caesar also should giue ouer all which when he could not obteyne he brake vp the counsell leauyng all vnperfite for so might a Tribune do Wherfore Pompey repented him that he had restored the Tribuneship to the auntient power which Sylla had made very sleÌ„der Only this was decréed at their departure that Caesar and Pompey shoulde be sente into Siria to â—â—â—â—e the Countrey bycause of Crossâ—â— misfortune And Pompey vâ—â—â—â— policie required his legion againe that he had lente Caesar â—â—â—â—r the loâ—se of 〈…〉 and Câ—tta hys Captaynes 〈…〉 gaue euery man two hundred Drammes and sent them to 〈…〉 and with them sente another of hys owne but beeyng vnderstanded y there was no danger in Syria they went to winter at Capua They that were sente of Pompey for them to Caesar tolde many hard tales againste Caesar and made Pompey beléeue that Caesars army being wasted with wéerâ—nesse and long payne was desirous to come home and when they were come on thys syde the Alpes they would reuolte to Pompey Thus they talked eyther of ignorance or being corrupted but euery man was sure to Caesar in promptnesse and painefulnesse both for the continuance of seruice for the gaynes that
grewe by victories in the warre and for the greate liberalitie of Caesar himselfe for hée gaue them fréely to serue as he would haue them which they all knowing did likewise abide it Pompey giuing credite to these tales neyther gathered armye nor prouided for so greate a businesse The Senate did requyre euery mans opinion Claudius crastely propounded and dyd aske disioyntly whether they woulde sende successors to Caesar and whether they would Pompeys power shoulde be taken from him To this many made denyall but to Caesar they decréed successors Curio asking agayne if they would haue both leaue their powers xâ—iâ— denyed it but CCClxx leauyng contention for commoditie enclined to Curios sentence then did Claudius dismisse the counsell crying VVinne you that will haue Caesar your Lord. A rumor being raysed that Caesar suddaynely was past the Alâ—â—â— and commyng to the Citie there was greate seare and tâ—mâ—â—te of all sydes Claudius commaunded the armye at Copuâ— to he seâ—te againste Caesar as an enimy and when as Curio reproued it as a lye Claudius sayde If I may not followe that is sâ—â—ce by common decrée of my selfe as Consull I will doo it And when he had sayde thus he ranne out of the Senate house â—â—to the suburbes with his fellow and offered a Sworde to Pompey Euen I quoth he and this man commaunded thée to goe against Caesar for thy Countrey and we giue thée eyther the army that is nowe at Capua or any other that is in Italie and that thou mayest gather togither what thou wilâ—â— He obeyed as commaunded of the Consuls onely adding vnlesse somewhat mâ—â—e be better dissembling or euen then pretending a shewe of hoâ—â—nie Curio now had no more authoritie ouer the Citie for it was not lawfull for the Tribunes to goe out of the walles yet hée complayned to the people of these doings and required the Consuls to proclayme that no man should obey Pompey in gathering of men but not preuayling and the time of his Tribune shyppe drawing to an ende being afrayde of himselfe and doubting to be no more able to help Caesar with diligence went vnto him who had nowe sayled the Oceane Sea from Britiayne and passed from the French that be néere the floud Rhene to the Mountaines of the Alpes with fiue thousande footemen and three hundred HorsemeÌ„ He came down to Rauenna which was coÌ„fine to Italy and the end of his prouince receiuing Curio with great curtesie and thanking him for his trauayles he consulted with him of the present state Curio thought good to sende for all his army and to march to Rome Caesar thought it better yet to treate of reconciliation and willed his friends to compound for him that giuing ouer all other prouinces and armies he might onely reteyne two legions and Illâ—ria with France within the Alpes till he were declared Consull Pompey thought it sufficient but bycause the CoÌ„suls did resist it he wrote to the Senate and Curio running in thrée dayes thrée thousande and three hundred furlongs he gaue the letter to the newe Consuls entryng the Senate house the fyrste daye of the newe yeare It dyd conteyne a solemne rehearsall of all Caesars doyngs from the begynnyng and a protestation to leaue hys armye if Pompey dyd the lyke and béeyng yet in authoritie if Pompey woulde not gyue vppe no more woulde he but forthwith come to reuenge hys Countrey and wyth spéede to seeke for hymselfe at the whyche euerâ—e man cryed out and that Lucius Domitius shoulde bée hys successour as in a warre proclaymed Domitius went on with foure M. lately gathered Antonius and Cassius being Tribunes after Curio and liking well of his determination the Senate the more earnestly did affirme the army of Pompey to be theyr safetie and Caesars their destruction And Marcellus and Lentulus the Consuls commaunded Antony and Cassius to go from the assemblie least by vsing the office of Tribunes they mighte happily haue some displeasure Then Antonie cryed aloude and ranne froÌ„ his seate in a rage and lameÌ„ted that they should deface the office sacred and a Sanctuary and reiect them with a despighte that had gyuen their counsell for the common weale not hauing committed any offence or crime against any man This being sayde he lept out as a man by inspiration forespeaking warres murders attendures banishments spoyles and all other mischiefe to come vppon them protesting greate execrations to them that were the cause of it Curio and Cassius went out with him for now parte of Pompeys army was séene to come and besette the Senate house They by and by secretely in y night putting on seruants apparell went to Caesar in an hired wagon Caesar shewed them as soone as they were come vnto the army in that apparell and to stirre them the more said these men for doing well are made enimies and being persons of suche degrée speaking somewhat for them were thus villanously banished Nowe was the warre open on both sides and proclaymed euidently The Senate thinking that Caesar would not suddainely come with his army froÌ„ the FreÌ„â—h and that he woulde not enterprise so great a feate with so fewe appointed to Pompey to gather a great number of Thessalians old practised Souldiers in the warre and to take vp new of the nigh nations that were fitte to serue All the common treasure they decréed to him for this warre offering also their priuate substance if néede were to be ready for this seruice and they sent to the Cities for moe with great hast and vehemencie leauing nothing vndone that might be with spéedy consideration Caesar sending for his owne army putting more confidence in amazing his enimies with suddaine approche and terror of boldnesse than in mighty preparation With fiue thousande began he this greate warre which he sent to take the coÌ„modious places of Italy And certayne of his Captaynes accompanyed with the boldest sorte in peaceable manner he willed to goe to Arimeno and of the suddaine to surprise the Citie whiche is the firste of Italy out of France He in the euening as though he had not bin well wente from the Table leauing his friendes sitting still and takyng a Coach he ranne to Arimeno his Horsemen following a certaine distaÌ„ce off And posting thus as farre as the floud Rubicon which deuideth Italie he stayed his course and behelde the Riuer He déepely waying in his mind all the mischiefe that might followe if he passed the water in armes turned to his friends and sayde The refrayning from this passage shall be the beginnyng of troubles to my selfe but the going on with it shall vexe all the world When he had thus said as a man rapte with a furie hée flong ouer speaking the common word The Die is cast Then he hasted to Arimeno and tooke it earely in the morning and so weÌ„t forward leauing garrison in conuenient places and the other by the way he wanne eyther by
Barbarians be with vs al kings y be friends to â— Romains to me haue sente armies weapons vittails al other necessaries Therfore go to it chéerefully as to a thing worthy your countrey your selues me being mindâ—ul of Gâ—sar dispitefulnesse with spéede fulfil that shal be appointed you This he said Al the army and as many Senators Gentlemen as were there which was a greate and a goodly câ—â—anâ— with one voice did praise hym praied hym to leade them as he thought good Then he set some ships to kéepe the sea and sente his army to winter at Macedonia thinking Caesar woulde deser sayling ouer till after winter the tyme being harde and the seas rough and haue remayned at Rome bycause he was Consull and settle hys rule there so far amisse did he coniecture of that that was to come For Caesar as I sayd before in the midst of winter did go to Brunduse supposing he should most amaze his enimies by commyng on the sodayn Therfore neither hauing victuall nor prouision nor all his army there he called theÌ„ that were present to an assembly and thus said vnto them Neither the hardenesse of the tyme O friends that ioyne wyth mée in this moste noble enterprise neyther the delay of others nor the want of conuenient preparation doe wythdraw me from my purpose for surely I thinke that expedition is the best way for me and we that be firste here to go first on with the matter As for seruants carriage and baggage I thinke it beste to leaue behynde vs that the shippes that bee nowe here may receiue vs only as passengers and we deceiue oure ennimies and sette good fortune againste euil tyme bold courage agaynste our smal number and our ennimies plenty against our penury all the which shall be in oure power if wée thinke nothing to be our own but that we shall winne by force Let vs go therfore againste their slaues their prouision and victualles whiles they be in houses for feare of winter weather Lette vs goe whiles Pompey trusts that I spende the winter in shewes and sacrifices of a Consull You knowe that I take the chiefeste point in wâ—rres to be attempts of the sodayne It is honourable to preuent the first opinion â—f thyngs to come and to foresee â—â—re receyt there for theÌ„ y folow vs next I haue thoughte thys time méeter to hast than to stay that Pompey who thinks I am yet at Rome aboute my Consulship may sée me at hys camâ—â— and thoughe that I am wel assured of youre good willes yet ê tarry for your answere All the army cryed with great vehemencie that hee should â–ª leade them forth Then he came from hys seate and had them to the sea being fiue legions of footemen and sixe hundred horse men chosen lying at anker bycause of the roughe seas The winter Sunne was at the lowest â–ª and the winde kepte hym backe agaynste hys will and euill content who tarryed â—â— Brunduse till the first day of the newe yeare Then came there â—â— hym two legions more whome he conueyed ouer that winter â—â— hulkes for he hadde but fewe Gallies and they were lefte for the custody of Sicelie and Sardinia He was by tempest driuen to y mount Cerâ—uno from whence he sent hys nauy backe to feâ—â—â— the reste of hys army He in the night went to the Citie of Oriâ—â— and for the hard straighte and rocky way was compelled to diuide his army into many partes as the sharpenesse of the countrey myghte serue so as if hys commyng had béene knowne hee might easily haue bin kept backe Aboute the breake of the day â–ª with muche adâ— he gathered his army togither The people of the Citie saide vnto the Gouernor that it was not lawfull to kéepe oute the Romaine Consull when he came therfore the Gouernour delyuered the keyes to Caesar and continued wyth hym in place of honor Lucretius and Minuâ—ius on the other side of Orico wyth eightéen Galâ—â—is to guarde the victuall that came by shippe to Pompey drowned their ships that Caesar shoulde not take them and fled to Durazzo From Orier Caesar went to Appolonia where he was receyued of the Citizens and Stamerius the Gouernour left the Citie There Caesar calling hys souldiors togyther putte them in â—â— membraunce what they had done by good fortune in the harde winter they were Lords of the sea without shippes they hadde wonne Orico and Valona without fight they had gotten their enimies things Pompey being yet ignorant Nowe sayeth he if wée can catch Durazzo whiche is the Baron of Pompeys prouision alâ— is in our handes that they haue bin labouring for an whole Sommer When he had sayd thus he ledde them wyth speede to Durazzo a long way resting neyther day neâ— nygâ—te â–ª Pompey hearyng this came with great hast from Macedonia cutting downe the trees as he went to stoppe the way to Caesar Hee pulled downe bridges and burnt all prouision by the way thynking it as it was in deede to be a good deuice for to haue onely that preparation that mighte serue himselfe If any dust fyre or smoke were seene to eyther of them a farre off thinking it had bin of the contrary part they stroue who shoulde runne fastest sparing no time neyther from meate nor sleepe Hast there was and spéede with crying out vpon them that ledde theÌ„ with torchelightes whereof grew disorder and feare as the enâ—mies had bâ—n at their héeles some for wéerinesse threw downe their burthens or withdrew themselues aside into some corners thinking it better to be lefte behinde with present rest than to goe on to it withoute feare of the enimie Both sides taking these paynes Pompey came firste to Durazzo and encamped at the walles By his Nauie he gote Orico agayne and gaue better guard for the Sea. Caesar lay ouer against Pompey the floud Alore slowing betwéene them There were diuers skirmishes by them that passed the floud â–ª but they neuer broughte forthe their whole power for Pompey did trayne his yong Souldyers and Caesar looked for the rest from Brunduse He thoughte that if they came forthe in the Spring in greate Shippes they could not escape the Galleys of Pompey that scowred the Seas and wayted for them but if they did come forthe in Winter when the enimie must many tymes take the Ilands for their harborough they might escape them or by the winde or their waighte mighte passe through them where vpon he sente for them with great hast and bycause they came not when he looked he purposed himselfe to goe to them for that they woulde not so soone come with an other and kepte his determination secrete He sente thrée of his seruants to the floud â–ª twelue furlongs off to hire a swifte vessell of good proofe as for one that should be dispatched from Caesar He rose from the table as not well at câ—st and â—ad his friends sitte
enclose the footemen There was too and fro til Pompeys horsemen hauing the better did enuiron the tenth legion Then Caesar giuing his token to them that lay in a wayte they stepped forth against the horsemen and with theyr pykes put vp did lay them on the faces they could not abyde that boldnesse nor the blowes made at theyr mouthes and eyes but confusedly fled away then did Caesars horsemen enclose the other footemen being naked whiche feared to haue bene enclosed themselues WheÌ„ Pompey percepued thys he commaunded the footemen not to moue or stirre from the battaile nor to throw light weapons but to stand distante in the forefront and with their pykes at hanâ—e to resist the enemy comming on them Some prayse this pollicie as the best against compassing but Caesar in his Epistles doth disprayse it bycause the strokes that are giuen with a mouing vehemence are mightier and men by forcing foreward be the bolder and they the remayne stil ware fearefull and easie to be bitte as standing markes that are shotte at as then it proued in déed The tenth legion with him fiercely folowing did beat the bodies of Pompeis leaft battayle voyde of horsemen and standing still till they put them out of order â–ª and by very force made them to turne which was the beginning of the victorie in the other multitude Although there was diuerse and sundrye wayes of slaughter and hurting yet was there not a voyce hearde in suche a maine battayle but sighes only and grones of them that fell valiauntlye in theyr places appointed The confederates as though they had come to see them fight a pryse did maruel at their goedly order but had no harte for wondering at them neyther to enter Caesars campe which was kept of a fewe and they very olde men nor to do any other thing but stande and gaze But when the lefte wing of Pompeis host did retire by little little yet fighting stil the confederates foully fled away and cryed we be ouercome They ranne vpon their owne tentes and campes as thoughe they had bene the others whiche when they had spoyled they went their ways as fast as they could The other Italian army perceyuing they had the worse gaue backe first in order defending themselues as they might but the enemye still comming vpon them as now hauing the victorie they also turned fleâ— Caesar then vsed great policie y they should not gather togither again that this labor might not only make an end of one fight but of al the war. He sent truÌ„pets about y battel 's coÌ„maunding theÌ„ to refrayn froÌ„ killing of their countreymen and continue only agaynst the strangers that they should go among theÌ„ y wer ouercome byd theÌ„ stay without feare This declaratioÌ„ of y crier was lerned froÌ„ one maÌ„ to another was â— warning word for PoÌ„peis host to stay without fear so passing by y other â—s ItaliaÌ„s of one laÌ„guage order they beat down the strangers not able to resist ther was gret slaughter made After PoÌ„pey saw this alteratioÌ„ he was astonyed went softly into his caÌ„pe being come to his tent he sat down spéechlesse as they say Aiax Telamonius did for y grief he suffered in y losse amoÌ„g his enimies at y battayle of Troy of the other very few came into y caÌ„pe for Caesars Heralds had made theÌ„ stay without feare being ouerpassed of their enemies they might disperse theÌ„ selues here there The day was almost at an ende and Caesar roade aboute with maruelous payne praying them that they woulde take yet a little more labour til they had gotten Pompeis campe shewyng them that if the emmies returned they should be winners but oâ— one day but if they got his campe too the warre shoulde be ended for cuer He held vp his handes to them and was the first that ranne towarde it This did stirre the mindes of them that had weary bodies to sée their generall go before them the victorie of things past and the hope to gette the campe with al that was in it did stic to that againe and when men be in hope and felicitie they féele the lesse of labour and extremitie They went on with great courage and beate away the warders of the same whiche when Pompey sawe he onely brake into thys speache after hys long silence What oures tentes too when hée had thus spoken he chaunged hys garment and leapt on horse with feure fréendes and neuer lefte runnyng till by breake of day he came to Larissa â–ª Caesar as he threatened at the giuing of the onset did lodge in Pompeis pauilion and supped with his prouision and the rest of hys army did the lyke There were slayne in this battell of bothe partes of Italians for the strangers bicause of their multitude and contempt be not numbred of Caesars arraye thirtie captaynes of bandes CC. souldiours or as some say two thousand and ij huÌ„dred Of Pompeys tenne Senatours of the whiche was Lucius Domitius once appoynted Caesars successour in Fraunce and of them that be called Gentlemen â–ª about fourtie of the beste of the rest of the army they that make moste say .xxv. M. But Asinius Polâ—â—o that was at that fight with Caesar wryteth that onely fire thousande of Pompeys was slayne at that battayle This was the ende of that great fight at â—haâ—saâ—â—o Euery man â—cusessed that Caesar had deserued the firste and seconde honours and with him the â—enth Legion Crastinius a leader of a bande was thought worthy the thiâ—de who goyng to y fight being asked of Caesar what he thought anâ—vered couragiouâ—â—â— we shall winne D Caesar and then shalte finde me here â—yther aliue â—r â—eaâ— The aâ—â—y did 〈…〉 that he going from band to bande like a man in a furie did as much as a maÌ„ might do When he was sought for and found amoÌ„g the dead Caesar did bury him with the ornaments due vnto him erected him a Tumbe nygh y coÌ„mon Sepulchre PoÌ„pey froÌ„ Larissa wyth lyke spéede went to the sea side where he toke a little boate by chaunce met a shippe a floate and sayled to Mitilena where he receyued his wife Cornelia and passed with foure Gallyes which the Rodians and Tirians had brought to him He refused to sayle to Corcyra and Libya where he had an other great army a mighty nauy by sea He made his course to Parthia thinking to recouer al againe keping his purpose close froÌ„ his friends tyll he came with much ado to Ciluia There they prayed hym to beware of the Parthians whiche had lately ouercome Crassus whereby they were the more insolent and that it was not fit to bring Cornelia so fayre a woman among so vntemperate people especially being Crassus daughter TheÌ„ he deuised whither he should go into Egipt or to Iuba king of Barbarie They thought no good to be had with Iuba
therfore they counselled him to go to Egipt a nation nygh of great dominion fertyl and aboundant of grayne money and nauye whose kings though they were children yet friends to him for his fathers sake and so for this cause he sayled into Egipt At this time Cleopatra being eiected out of the kingdome by hir brother with whom she shoulde ioyntly haue raigned prepared an army in Syria againste him Ptolomeus Cleopatras brother was at a place in Egipt called Cassium and did lye in campe to resist his sisters forces and as fortune wold Pompey was driueÌ„ thither When he perceiued an army aland he stayed his ship and thought as it was in déede that the king was there hée sent vnto him to shewe of the amity betwéene hys father and him The king was thirtéene yeare olde one Achillas did gouerne his army and Photinus and Cnuch was his Treasurer They beganne to consulte what was beste to be done wyth Pompey There wasâ—also Theodotus of Samos an Drator and Scholemaâ—ster to the king who dyd perswade the wicked acte to deceyue and kyâ— Pompey to gratifye Caesar This counsel preuayled they sent a simple boate as though the roughnesse of y Sea would not suffer a greater Some of the kings seruauntes wente into the beate and with them Semprouius a Romayne who had serued vnder Pompey and was nowe wyth the kyng He offered his hande in the kings name to Pompey and wylled hym to come as to his son and friende As this was done the army was set in order and drewe neare the sea as to honoure Pompey and the king was set in the midst in a purple vesture to be séene of all Pompey suspected all both the ordering of the army and the meanes of the vessel chiefly bycause the king came not toward him nor sent any of his noble men he spake a verse of Sophâ—cles VVho to a Tiranne goes His slaue he is though free he rose And then he entred that boate Euery man being silent in y passage he rather suspected and chiefly Sempronius eyther bycause he knew him to be a Romaine and hauing serued vnder hym or bycause he did coniecture it séeing him only staÌ„ding according to souldiours discipline who doe not set when the chiefe is by Then he turned to him and sayd surely I should know thée O Souldier He nodded at hym agayn and as he turned was the first that stroke him then the other His wife and friends séeing this a farre off cried and held vp their handes to the gods reuengers of friendshippe broken and sayled away streyght as from enimies lande They that were about Photino cut of Pompeis heade and kept it for Caesar as a great gratification but he worthily reuenged this wicked déed vpon them The rest of his body was buryed at the sea bancke and a silly Sepulchre was made to the which one wrote this Epitaph Lo here he lyeth in simple graue A Temple that deservde to haue In processe of tyme the graue was couered with sand and certaine Images of Brasse which the inhabitants did afterwarde set vp to Pompey vnder the Hil Cassius were taken away and layde vppe in a secrete place of a Temple In my tyme Adrianus the Romaine Emperour in hys iourney that way did cause it to be sought and found out and made the graue to be amended so as euery man might see it and erected the Images that were dedicated to Pompey This was the end of Pompey by whom so many great battayles had bene fought and the Romaine Empire so increased as he had the surname of Great neuer being ouercome before but from his youth still inuincible and happy and froÌ„ thrée and twenty to eight and fiftie yeares he ruled like a king but in opinion supposed to gouerne like a populare man for the emulation of Caesar Lucius Scipio Pompeis father in Lawe and all the other noble men that did escape the battayle fledde to Cato to Corcyra who was generall of another army and thrée hundred Gallies being left there as a prudent Counsellour The noblest of Pompeis friendes deuided the Nauye Cassius sayled to Pontus to Pharnaces to stirre him against Caesar Scipio and Cato wente into Libya trusting vppon Varus and his army and Iuba king of Numidia his confederate Pompey Pompeis eldest sonne and Labienus wyth him and Scapula hauing a part wente into Spaine to make it against Caesar and they got him another army of Iberians and Celtiberians and slaues to haue the preparation greater so mighty a power of Pompeis army was yet left which he by his infelicitie did abandon when he fled away â–ª They that were in Lybia did chose Cato for the general Captaine who for y presence of suche men as had bene Consuls and others that had bene Lieuetenaunts and he only a Pretor in Rome refused the same So L. Scipio was made general and a great army was gathered and trayned and these were the chiefest preparations in Libya and Iberia gathered against Caesar After the victorie Caesar aboade two dayes in Pharsalo sacrificing and recreatyng hys wearye armye and there made the Thessalians frée that had serued him and pardoned the Athenians at their sute vsing these wordes Howe often hath the glorie of your auncestours saued you wheÌ„ you haue deserued destruction The third day he remoued towarde the East following the fame of Pompeis flighte and for wante of Gallies sayled ouer Hellespont in little boates Cassius with his number of Gallies met him as he was going to Pharnaces and although he might with his Gallies haue had the aduantage of those little boates yet for feare of Caesars felicitie and valiantnesse he was amazed and suspecting that Caesar had come of purpose to finde him he helde vp his handes and came from his Gallies into the boates to aske hym pardoÌ„ and deliuer him all his Gallies So much force had the glorye of Caesars felicitie for I sée none other reason nor can iudge any other meane in so great difficultie of time to haue such fortune that he should so afray Cassius a valiaunt man comming vppon him with scauentâ—e Gallies vtterly vnprouided that he durste not medle with him For as cowardly as he did now yéeld vnto him vpoÌ„ the Sea so after did he as cruelly kyl him wheÌ„ he was Lord of all at Rome Wherefore it is euident that he was then ouerborne with the feare of his felicitie Caesar thus being saued against all hope and past Hellespont he pardoned the Ionians Aetolians and other nations that inhabite greate Cherroneso which by one name is called Asia y lower He forgaue them that sent embassadours to craue it Understanding that Pompey was gone to Egipt he went to the Rhodes where he would not tarry for the reste of his armye that was comming to him by parts but with the Gallies of Cassius and the Rhodes and such men as he presently hadde he
Varus Labienus and other noble men were brought to Caesar Pompey at the beginning of the losse fledde with a hundred and fiftie horse into the Carteia where he hadde a Nauie of Shippes he came secretely to the Shippes carried in a litter and when he perceyued them there to be in feare of themselues he was in dread to be betrayed therfore tooke a boate agayne and by the way his foote hong in one of the ropes whiche one minding to cut missed the rope and hurte him in the foote but hée went on to the next village and was cured where being sought for he fledde among the bushes and desert pathes in the whyche the 〈…〉 dâ—â— prâ—â—ke his wounde so as for very wéerinesse hée sâ—â—â— him downe vnder a trée whether the searchers pursued him and he valiantly defending himselfe was slayne his head being carried to Casar and by his commaundemente buryed so thys warre at one brunte contrary to all opinion was ended A yonger brother of this Pompey called Sextus did gather the remnant of the leauings of this warre and in close maner conueyed himselfe hither and thither robbing for their liuing Nowe Caesar hauing finished all ciuill dissention wente to Rome with suche feare and opinion as neuer man before All honors that aboue mans reach could be deuised were done vnto him Sacrifices Playes and giftes as well in Temples and publike places by the companies of the Citie as by all nations and Kings confederate to the people of Rome Many diuers formes were set vpon his images of the which some had crownes of oke as to the sauioure of the countrey with the which in olde time they were honored that saued their Countrey He was named father of the Countrey and chosen Dictator perpetuall and Consull for terme yeares and touching his bodye accompted sacred and inuiolable to giue audience in a chaire of golâ—e and yuorie and continuallye make Sacrifices elad with triumphant garments They ordeined the Citie to be holy those dayes that he wan anye victories They appoynted Sacrifices and Priestes for fyue yeares and publike vowes for his preseruation and orders were made by the which all his actes were confirmed by oth And in the honor of his house the Moneth Quintilis was called Iulius Manye Temples were dedicated to him alone as to a God and one ioyntly to him and Clementie holding hande in hande Thus dyd they feare hym as a Lorde and honor him as a mercifull Minister There were that laboured to haue called him King till hée heard of it and forbad it with threats that no man shoulde once name it as detestable and vnlawfull from his auncesters Hée discharged the bands of his gard by whome he had bin defended from his enimies and wente abroade with the officers of the Citie onely He béeyng in the common place and giuing audience the Senate with the Consule going before in goodly order brought him a decrée of all â–ª these honors whiche â—e receyued gently not rising to them neyther comming nor going â–ª whyche gaue occasion of matter to them that meant to accuse him of aspiring to a Kingdome He accepted all the dignities sauing the Consulship for tenne yeares therefore willed himselfe to be declared Consull and Antonius with him that was Captayne of his Horsemen whiche office he appoynted to Lepidus to exercise the rule of Horsemen â–ª by deputies bycause he was Gouernoure in Iberia He reuoked all banishments except such as were fledde for wicked offences He pardoned his enimies and to suche as had foughte against him he gaue yearely offices and sente them to charges of prouinces and armies whiche maâ—â— the people to thinke that he woulde haue lefte them in a common wealthe as Syâ—la did when he had the like authoritie but they were deceiued One of them that would haue had the name of a King sette forwarde did put vppon his image a Crowne of Laurell wyth a wreath of a white riband Marullus and Sesetius being Tribunes apprehended him and threwe him in pâ—â—son thinking so to haue pleased Caesar aâ—one that abhorred the name of king This hée suffered patiently and where others called him King as he went out at the gates and the people sighed at it he aunswered couertly â–ª I am not King but Caesar as though they had bin deceyued in the name Marullus caused him to be apprehended that fyrste of them beganne this matter and wâ—lled hym to be broughte to aunswere in hys Courte Then Caesar coulde no longer suffer but accused Marullus and hys fellowes before the Senate as one that craftily wroughte agaynste hym by a calumniation of Tyrannie and whereas they deserued â—eathe yet he thoughte it sufficiente for them to lose theyr office and be putte out of the Senate Thys dyd most of all confirme that he coueted thys litle and that he bente all his praâ—ise to that ende and was vtterly become a Tyrante for as there was good authoritie to punish them that named any man king so was the Tribunes office holy inuiolate by lawe and auntient oth and it made the anger the shaâ—per that he woulde not tarrie the time of the office whiche when he vnderstoode hée did reâ—ent him and first perceyued that it was an harde thing to deale rigorously â–ª in peace withoute authoritie of warre Hys friends gaue him counsel to beware and that he had giuen great occasion to his aduersaries to get matter agaynst him therefore when they moued him y he would be content to haue a garde of Spanish bandeâ— â–ª he sayd there was nothing more vnhappy thaÌ„ a continual gard for it is of one that is euer afrayd Yet the practises to be a King ceassed not for sitting one day in the commoÌ„ place in a chayrâ— of golde to see the playes of Panne Antony his fellowe in office naked and annoynted as the manner was for the Ministers of that solemnitie ranne vpto Caesars seate and set a crowne on his head at the which sight few reioicing and more lamenting Caesar threw it off Antony set it on againe but Caesar reiected it The people stoode silent looking what end this woulde haue and when they saw Caesar vtterly refuse it they reioyced and highly commended him therefore Now eyther bycause he despayred or in vayne attempted or woulde auoyde the practise of so odâ—ous a thing or for that he woulde leaue the Citie bycause of some enimies or that he had regard to his health being troubled with a falling sicknesse which in rest many times came vpâ—on him he determined a greate voyage againste the Getes and Parthianes â–ª against the Getes bycause they were insolente people and quarrelling â—uer troubling the Romaine state Againste the Parthianes bycause he would reâ—â—nge Crassus deathe whome they had slayne contrary to oth and promise and so hauing an armye of sixtéene Legions and tenne thousand Horse he sent them afore to passe the Ionian Sea.
came for then both horse and olde men muste go foorth At Alexandria being left alone to fight on the bridge and beset on euery side he threwe off his purple and leapte into the sea and being sought of hys enmmies he diued in the bottome a greate while and only sometime rose to take breath til a friendly shippe came nighe hym to whome he helde vp his hands shewed himselfe and was saued Falling into the ciuill wars eyther for feare as he did say or for desire of rule hée didde matche wyth the valiauntest Captaines in his tyme in many and great battailes not Barbarians onelye but also Romaines whiche in manhoode and fortune dydde excel and ouercame them all eyther at the firste or at the seconde battatle Hys armye not being inuincible as Alexanders for in France Câ—tta and Titurus hys lieutenants were euidently ouercome with a greate losse and in Spaine Petreius and Affâ—anius helde hym besieged In Dyrrachio and Libya they fled fowly awaye and in Spaine they were afraide of young Pompey But Caesar himselse was euer voide of feare and in the ende of euerye warre had the victorie The Romaine Empire from the weaste to the floude Euphrates by force or by fayre meanes he obtayned muche surer and stronger than Sylla He shewed hymselfe to be a King in spight of them al though he woulde not receiue the name And he also hauing made determination of other warre was taken away Besyde forth their armies were alike prompte to them bothe with a beneuolente minde and in sighte of lyke fiercenesse disobedient many times to them both and ful of sedition for their long laboures Neuerthelesse when they were deade bothe after one sorte did lament and mone and thought them worthy diuine honors They were both in body of good complexion and fayre bothe of them hadde their petigrée from Iupiter Alexander from Aeacide and Hercules and Caesar from Anchises and Venus As both were desirous to conquere with whome they contended so easy to be entreated and to forgiue them whom they had subdued and beside forgiuenesse woulde do them good also séeking nothing else but victory Thus farre they were alyke but in rising to their rule they were not of lyke power for the one rose from a Kingdome encreased by hys father Phillip the other from a priuate estate yet noble and renoumed and very néedy of mony Of tokens whiche to them both were great they were alyke contemners yet neyther of them angrye wyth the Diuiners that didde foreshewe their death The tokens were like many times to them both to like effect Twice to them bothe were vnluckye signes in the whiche the first shewed to them both doubtfull danger Alexander among the Oxidiâ—nes scaling the wall before the Macedonians being vtterly destitute by breaking of the ladders leapte boldly among hys enimies within where he was sore hurt in the breast in the necke beaten down with a mighty mace so as he was hardely saued by the Macedonians that for very shame burste open the gates Caesar in Spaine when his army was very feareful of Pompey the young and refused to go to the fight can betwéene them both receyued .ij. C. dartes vpon his Target his armye ran in for feare and shame and saued hym So the firste vnlucky sacrifices didde signifie perill of death to them both and the seconde death it selfe indéede Pythagoras a Soothsayer tolde Apollodorus that was afraide of Alexander and Ephestion that he shoulde not néede to feare for by the sacrifice he founde that both of them shoulde shortely bée dead And comming to passe that Ephestion died by and by after Apollodorus was afraide that some treason had bin wroughte againste the King and tolde hym what the Soothsaier had sayde â—e smiled and asked of Pythagoras what the token did pretende he aunswered the laste day whereat he smyled agayne and thanked Apollodorus of hys faithfulnesse and the Soothsayer of his confidence To Caesar as we haue sayde the laste tyme that hée wente into the Senate the same tokens happened Whereat he laughed and saide The like was séene in Spaine and when the Diuinour aunswered that then he was in daunger but nowe the token signifieth more certaine death then râ—lenting somewhat to this free spéeche he sacrificed againe till he tarryed so long aboute the sacrifices that he was angry and went in and was kylled The like happened to Alexander when he came from India to Babylon with his army where being nigh the Chaldeans exhorted hym to refraine at this presente to whome hée rehearsed a verse The best Prophet is he that coniectuâ—eth honestly Then the Chaldeans warned hym the second tyme not to go wyth his army on y weast side but to compasse take the City on the Easte and stay there with that they say he was content and beganne to go about but being angry at the moory and fenny way he contemned the seconde warning and went in at the Weaste Then he sayled vpon Euphrates to the floud Pallacotta that receyueth Euphrates and runneth into the Fennes whereby Assyria is kept from ouer-flowing He minded to haue defended thys floud with a wall and whiles he was sayling vpon it they say he scorned the Chaldeans bycause he safely had entred Babylon and was come forth againe to saile but it was but deferred till he came againe for then he dyed out of hande The lyke contempt Caesar séemed to vse for the Soothsayers hadde appoynted the daye of hys death â–ª and saide hée shoulde not passe the Ides of March when that day was come he laughed at hym and sayd the Ides were come but that very day he was kylled Both they despised y Propheâ—â—es alyke but were not angry with the Prophets yet they both dyed as they were tolde They were both studious of learning and vertue aswel of their own couÌ„try as of Gréek other straÌ„gers AlexaÌ„der delighted in the Brachmanes whiche among the Indians be reputed moste learned and wise men as the Magies among the Persians Caesar dealte with the Aegiptians when he putte Cleopatra in hys kyngdome wherby he directed many ciuil things in Rome among other he turned the order of the yeare being without certaintie bycause of the odde moneths for they measured it by the Moone to the course of the Sunne as the Aegiptians doe It was hys happe that none dydde escape that soughte hys death â–ª but by hys heyre receyued worthye punishemente as Alexander dydde them that kylled Phillippe hys father Howe that was done the bookes in order shall declare ⸪ The end of the second booke of Ciuill dissentions The thirde Booke of Ciuill Dissention THus C. Caesar that was most worthy of rule among the Romaines was slayn of his enimies buried of the people Of al his killers punishment how the best of them soonest receyued it this Booke the next shal declare likewise comprehende al the other
When Brutus and Cassius wer gone out of the Citie and Antony nowe alone ruled all he coueted the presidentship of some prouince and the armye therof he was chiefly desirous of Syria but knowing he was alredy suspected he thought he should be more if he required any for the Senat had secretly wrought Dolobella to be against him who was the other Consul and always at strife with Antony Antony seing that Dolobella was a yong man and ambitious perswaded him to aske Syria in Cassius place and their army that was made againste the Parthians but not to aske it of the Senate for that was not expedient but of y people by a law He was perswaded by and by and propounded the lawe The Senate aleaged that he brake Caesars actes he answered that the war of Parthi◠was appointed to no man by Caesar and that Cassius who was sent to Syria was the first that had altered Caesars decrées in giuing leaue to them that wer assigned dwellings in the coūtry to sel their portions before twenty yeares determined by law that he could not take it wel being Dolobella not to be thought worthy of Syria before Cassius The Senate persuaded Asprin◠one of the Tribunes to find a fault in the assebly by some tokē hoping that Antony would haue allowed it being Consul and officer of the tokens and stil as they thought at variance with Dolobella The electiō now being come Asprina affirming the tokē to be vnlucky then the maner was to send other into it Antony was angry at the subtilty cōmaunded the cōpanies to make choyce for Dolobella And so was Dolabella made president of Syria and generall of the army against the Parthians and of the legions that Caesar had gathered for this purpose and left in Macedonia This was the first time that Antony séemed to fauoure Dolabella This being done of the people Antony required Macedonia of the Senate thinking they would be ashamed to denye it him séeing Dolabella had Syria and nowe voyde of an office The Senate gaue it him vnwillingly and maruelled that he woulde deliuer the armye that was there to Dolabella whome yet they were glad shoulde haue it before Antony Nowe Brutus friendes thought good to aske Antony other prouinces for Brutus and Cassius so Cyrene and Creta was giuen them or as some saye both Creta and Syrene to Cassius and Bythinia to Brutus And these were the doings at Rome Octauius Caesars sisters nephew was made of Caesar generall of the horsemen for one yeare and this honor Caesar vsed to gyue to his friends from yeare to yeare He being yet yong was sent of Caesar to Velona to apply his booke and to be trayned in feates of warre there to remayne whilest he wente againste his enimies and to exercise himselfe with the bands of Horsemen that came from Macedonia with other great Captaynes of the armie that resorted thither to visit hym as Caesars kinsman whereby he was knowen to many and wanne the loue of the army for he receyued them that came to him with great curtesie Hauing bin now sixe monethes in Velona about the euening it was told that Caesar was slayne in the Senate house of them that he loued best and might doe most with hym Of further matter nothyng being yet tolde he stoode in feare and doubt whether it were the whole publike worke of the Senate or some priuate practise or whether the doers were punished of the more parte or whose acte it was or whether the multitude did ioyne with them After thys his friendes sente to hym from Rome wishing him to goe to the host of Macedonia for his suretie in the which place after it shuld be knowen that it was no common fact he might be a terror to his enimies in reuenging of Caesar and diuers of the Captaynes promised him that if he woulde come to them they woulde sée hym safe His Mother and Philip his Father in lawe wrote vnto him to take nothing vpon him nor to be encouraged remembring that after Caesar hadde ouercome his enimies he was thus vsed of his déerest friendes The priuate life at this prosent was further off from perill and nowe rather to be chosen and if he were with them at Rome he should be well kept Octauius by these persuaded without further knowledge what was done after Caesars deathe embracing the Captaynes sayled ouer the Ionian Sea not taking land at Brunduse bycause he did not trust the army that was there and therefore was well ware but at another Citie not farre off called Lupio where he stayed and receyued aduertisementes from his friends of Caesars deathe of the peoples tumult of the publication of his testamente and of the orders taken and was aduised to beware of Caesars enimies bycause he was named his sonne and heire counselled him not to take the inheritance vpon him But he thinking it a dishonor as wel of this as not to reuēge Caesars death wēt to Brunduse sēdyng afore to search that there should be none of the strikers in anye awaite The army of that place did méete him and receyued him as Caesars sonne where with good courage he made sacrifice and straightway accepted the name of Caesar for the Romaines vsed to giue their name to them whome they made their children by adoption which he did not only admitte but changed his name frō Octauius Octauius sonne to Caesar Caesars sonne which continued till his ende By and by was there great repaire of mē to him some as Caesars friendes some as his seruantes and fréemade men and some souldioures with them some bringing preparation money toward Macedonia and some other reuenues of other prouinces to Brunduse He then trusting vpon the multitude that came vnto him and in Caesars glory and in the beneuolence of all mē to him tooke his iourney toward Rome accompanyed with a conuenient number which dayly like a streame did increase being safe from open force by the multitude of people not without suspitiō of deceypt bycause all that came with him almost were of newe acquaintāce and euery citie did not fauour him But Caesars souldioures and such as were by his appoyntmēt placed came from the habitations to the fauour of this yong man They lamented for Caesar and complayned of Antony that woulde not reuenge so great a mischiefe affirming that they if any man woulde be their guide would reuenge his death Octauius Caesar gaue them great prayse and willed thē to be quiet for the time and came to Terracina about fiftie miles from Rome where it was told him that Syria and Macedonia was taken from Brutus Cassius by the Consuls and that to comforte them Creta and Syrene were graunted them and that certayne banished men were reuoked and that Pompey was restored and that many were made Senatoures by Caesars determination and diuers other things Being come to Rome his mother Philip and their
friendes came vnto him and againe prayed him not to dissente from the Senate bycause it was decréed that there shoulde be no question of Caesars deathe Further they feared Antony and his power who neyther came himselfe to méete Caesars sonne nor sent any man to receyue hym all the whiche Octauius tooke very temperately and said it was méete that he should goe first to Antony as a yong man to an elder and a priuate man to a Consul and that he would obserue y Senate as should be conuenient And though quoth he there be a decrée that no man should persecute the killers and yet if anye maÌ„ durst take it in hand bath the people and the Senate by law and the goods by iustice yea and peraduenture Antony also wyll be helps to it if he did refuse the inheritaÌ„ce adoptioÌ„ he should offend againste Caesar defraude the people of their distribution In the end he knit vp his spéech that it was not onely honest for him to put himselfe in daÌ„ger for this matter but also if néede be to lose his life otherwise he should séeme vnworthy the choyce y Caesar had made of him in so great matters séeing he himself was wont to contemne all maner of perill Then turning to his mother he rehearsed those words that Achilles spake to Thetis I do rather wish of my life an ende Than I should omitte reuengement of my friend This word quoth he did winne Achilles immortall fame but much more the déede and that he ought to reuenge Caesar not as a friende but as a father not as a fellowe Souldiour but as a Generall not dying by lawe of warre but murthered wickedly in the Senate house For this spéeche his mother from feare turned to you embraced him affirming he only was worthy for Caesar This talke being ended she prayed that all myghte haue lucky and prosperous successe with spéede yet she perswaded him at the firste rather to vse policie and sufferance than playnenesse and boldnesse when he commending hir aunswered he would so do In the nighte he sent to his friendes and prayed them the nexte morning to be with him in the coÌ„mon place wyth the other multitude In that place méeting with Caius Antonius brother to Marcus Antonius a Pretor of the Citie he sayde vnto him that he did accept the adoption of Caesar for it was the manner of Rome that the adopted children should exhibite testimonie to the Pretors which beyng registred he straighte wente out of the common place to Antony the other Conâ—ull who was then in Pompeys gardings whiche Caesar had giuen him and when hée had tarryed at the gate a long whyle he entred into a suspition of Antonies alteration Being at length lette in due salutations and intretaynmeÌ„ts were betwéene them and bycause they must talke of things that were expedient Octauius Caesar sayd thus I Father Antony for the benefites that Caesar shewed to thée and the thankes thou gauest to him requiring thée to be a father to râ—e do prayse thée for the things thou hast done for him and I will be thy debtor of thankes for them but wherein I maye blame thée I will speake it frankely for dolor doth thereto driue me When he was slayne thou wast not present the quellers holding thée withoute the dores for eyther shouldest thou haue saued him or haue bin in the like daunger thy selfe of the whych if the latter must haue happened It is well now that thou wast absente When some decréed them to be honored as againste a Tyrant â–ª thou denyedst it effectually for the whych I know thou deseruest cléere thankes but if thou knowest that those men did conspire thy death not as one that woulde reuenge Caesar as we thinke then were they not Tyrantkillers and for that they fled to the Capitoll as to a Sanctuary like offendors crauing mercâ—e or into a sorte as enimies for their strength wherefore obliuion and acquitall of the murther was required for theÌ„ though some of the Senate or the people were corrupted of them and if thou hadst bin otherwise minded thy office did require thee to punish so great a fault and to correct them that did erre yet diddest thou send pledges of thine owne into the Capitoll for the assurance of the manquellers Well graunt the corrupted sort did force thée to it but when Caesars Testament was redde and thou madest his funerall Oration as righte was and the people for the fresh memorie of Caesar carryed a fire againste them and for their neyghboures sake spared them and agayne they were in armes twice the next day why didst not thou help the people as their leader with fire or armoure to punishe the murtherers if any punishment ought to be of them that are euident offendors by thée a friende to Caesar a Consull and Antony Marius Amatius by commaundement of thy great power was put to deathe but the quellers thou susferedst to slée and to runne to certayne prouinces which wrongfully they holde hauing killed him that gaue them Syria and Macedonia thou and Dolabella doyng well when thinges were setled tooke from them for the whiche I would thanke thée if thou hadst not straight appoynted them to Creta and Cyrene and thought fugitiues worthy prouinces euer to be as garrisons against me Decimus hauyng France our neybour you haue suffered he also being made ruler of that and other by my father but some will say the Senate did determine it yea and thou didst confirme it and satest as chiefe in that Senate the which thou chiefly of all others for thy selfe oughtest to haue resisted To giue them obliuion of their faulâ—o was as a granting only of their liues but to assigne prouinces and honor was a contumelie of Caesar and an ouerthrow of the iudgement Therefore as passion dothe carrie me peraduenture beyonde the due respect of my yeares and reuerence to thée I will speake it both as to a sure friende of Caesar and of him though worthye much honor and power and also as to one that mighte haue bin his heire if he had knowen that thou hadst come of Aeneas rather than Hercules for that did he muche consider when he tooke order for his succession But for the tyme to come O Antony for the Gods of friendship and for the dutie to Caesar if thou wilt change any of the things done as thou must if thou wilt if not at the least help to further me that minde to be reuenged of the quellers with the people and such of my fathers friends as I haue and if any respect of men or of the Senate doth moue thée be not angry with me Thou knowest what a charge I and my house haue about these matters for the performing of the distribution that my father gaue to the people and for the care thereof that by delaying of them I might not séeme vnthankefull nor they that should receyue habitations in the countrey shoulde be
all our truste in thée as in Caesars friende and nexte him most acquainted in the seruice of warre and nowe our Generall and for al respects most sit for it When our enimies did rise and boldly force Syria and Macedonia and prepared mony and men against vs and the Senate maintainyng Decimus and thou consuming the tyme in contention with Caesar Octauius not without cause we were afraide that in tyme to come thys dissention â—etwéene you woulde raise a greater warre than hathe beene and gyue occasion to our ennimies to do what they woulde againste vs all the whyche seeyng thy selfe doest vnderstande we beséeche thee that for Casars sake and for oure loue whiche hath doone nothing to offend thée and for the commodities that may rise both to thée and vs that whilest thou mayest thou wouldest agrée with Octauius whiche onlye is sufficient entending to be reuenged of the strykers The whiche thing cleare of all care shall stay thée in aucthoritie and place vs in securitie that now are in doubt both for thée and for oure selues The chiefetaynes hauyng sayde thus muche Antony thus aunswered What beneuolence and loue I haue euer borne to Caesar in all hys causes offeryng my selfe to moste perills of all other you that haue béene in Souldiour fare with me and present to euery thing that hathe bin done can well testifie How muche loue and good will he shewed to me euen till his last day I shall not néede to repeate For his quellers waying both thâ—se meâ—utâ— to haue kylled me with him as thoughe I being a â—â—â— they coulde not thinke their intentes to â–ª consiste in safetye And if anye manne dydde affraye them from that mynde it was not doone for desire and care of my life but for a respecte onelye that they woulde not séeme to persecute their ennimies but to dispatche a Tyran Who then can thinke that I doe forgette Caesar my benefactour or haue more estéemed his enimies than him or woulde willingly forgyue them his death that haue sought mine as this new Caesar thinketh How then commeth the obliuion of his deathe and their aduancemeÌ„t to prouinces for this he obiecteth against me and not the Senate Heare you then how it hathe come to passe Caesar being slayne in the Senate house euery man was afrayd and I most of all for Caesars friendship and ignorance of the facte for I neyther hearde of the comuration nor vnderstoode howe manye were of the conspirancie The people was in tumulte and the strikers with the swordplayers tooke the Capitoll and made themselues fast and the Senate was of their side whyche is nowe more euident bycause they decréed honors to them as to the killers of a Tyrant and if Caesar were a Tyrant then must we haue bin destroyed strayght as friends to a Tyrante So I béeyng troubled with tumult with feare and sorrow coulde not vse reason nor bée without perplexitie as you maye perceyue if you will consider for on the one side was néede of boldnesse vehemente and on the other dissimulation extreame Firste thys was to be done the residue easlie followyng to take away the honor to be gyuen to the strikers againste thâ— whiche I onely standyng resisted both the Senate and them and broughte to passe with greate payne vsing eindente courage onely offering my selfe to that perill supposing that wée Caesars friendes should be in suretie if heâ— were not condemned as a Tyrant The lyke feare troubled our enimies and the Senate that if he were not iudged a Tyrant they shoulde be accompted manquellers And for thys contention I thoughte it best to gyue place and to allow obliuion of hys death in stead of honor to be giuen to them that I mighte wynne of them as muche as by necessitie I coulde And this was the manner of my doings that neyther I dyd suffer Caesars name to be abolished nor his substance to bée confiscate nor his adoption in the whiche this man nowe most gloryeth to be dissolued nor his testament to be frustrated Hys bodye I caused to be buryed princely and honoures due vnto him before to be consecrated as immortall and all his actes and decrées to be kept firme and sure and hys sonne and our friends the Captaynes and the Souldioures to be in good safetie and to liue in honor in stead of rebuke Thinke you the obteyning of these thynges of the Senate for Obliuion were but small and trifles or doe you thynke wythout Obâ—uion the Senate would haue graunted them whyche for these causes I thynke is playnely to bee performed for a true dealyng wyth the strikers and for animmortall glory of Caesar and all oure weale and suretie The whyche I haue not done of that purpose but to turne the course to the contrarye For when I hadde brought the Senate to that that was profitable to vs and allowed the killers to remayne in quiet I did ouerthrowe the Obliuion not by decrée nor statute for that I coulde not but by an earnest iealousie of the people bringing Caesars bodye to be buryed in the common place and causing hys woundes to bée séene of the multitude shewyng his vesture bloudy and mangled and declaring his vertue and beneuolence to the people wéeping when I made the mourning Oration I called hym by the name of a kylled god These were my wordes and workes whereby the people was so prouoked as in stead of Obliuion they tooke fire and wente to the quellers houses and in the ende drone them out of the Citie Howe thys was contrarye to the Senate they béeyng gréeued wyth it it was euidently séene For they accused me first of ambition and appoynted prouinces to Brutus and Cassius Syria and Macedonia whyche were full of greate armyes And least they shoulde séeme to make hast before theyr tyme they gaue them pretence to prouide grayne for the Citie Wherefore a greater feare dyd yet trouble me for lacke of an appoynted armye as menne naked to syghte wyth so manye well armed my fellowe béeyng a man suspected and disagréeyng from me and one of the conspirators agaynste Caesar and appoynted to bée héere at the daye of hys deathe For these thyngs béeyng in great trouble and séekyng with spéede to disarme oure enimies and to arme oure selues I kylled Amatius I thoughte good to call home Pompey that by thys meane I mighte ioyne the Senate agayne Yet not much trustyng them I persuaded Dolobelia to aske Syria not of the Senate but of the people by a lawe to bée made and in hys sute I furthered hym of a friende to make hym an enimie to the strikers and that it shoulde séeme verye vnfytte for the Senate to denye me Macedonia séeyng they hadde graunted Syria to Dolobella for otherwise woulde they not haue graunted mée that prouince nor delyuered me that armye excepte they hadde firste graunted to Dolabella the same to goe agaynste the Parthians nor they woulde not haue taken from Brutus and Cassius Syria and Macedonia vnlesse they hadde appoynted some
other prouinces to them for theyr suretie Néedes must they appoynte one for another but what manner ones Cyrene and Creta voyde of armies whyche they oure enimies in contempte haue lefte as vnprofitable and by violence haue entred the other whyche wée tooke from them Thus was oure armye putte from oure enimies to Dolabella by deuice and sleighte and exchange of other prouinces for where warre was not there must thinges bée done by lawe This béeyng thus broughte to passe and oure enimies gathering another armye I hadde néede of the same my selfe that was in Macedonia yet wanted occasion to require it When the fame came that the Getes woulde inuade Macedonia whyche not béeyng beléeued espies were sente to vnderstande the truth I decreed that no man ought to aske the Dictatorshippe nor to take it though it were gyuen hym By the whych thyng they béeyng chiefly allured appoynted me the armye and then dyd I thinke my selfe equall with mine enimies not these that be euidente as Octauius thynketh but other moe in number greater in power and not yet appearing When I had done this one of the strikers remayned still hard at our sides Decimus Brutus He béeyng a gouernoure of a greate countrey and a mighty armye verye bolde I deuised to take hys prouince from hym yet wyth a regarde of the Senate promising to delyuer Macedonia voyde of armye The Senate takyng the thyng euill and perceyuing some deuice to bée hadde what and howe greate matter was written to Decimus you knowe and to stirre the Consulles agaynste mée wherefore wyth the more boldenesse dyd I practise to wynne that prouince not by the Senate but by the people and lawe and to haue the armye of Macedonia come to Brundâ—sâ— to vse at all oportunities â–ª and with the Gods help we will vse them as necessitie shall compell vs Thus from muche feare wherein we were at the first we be turned into safetie of them that haue to doe wyth vs and into boldnesse agaynste oure foes whose courage beginnes to shrinke and ours to increase You sée what repentance they make of their decrées and what payne it was to mée to take France gyuen to another man You knowe what they wrote to Decimus and what they persuaded the Consuls agaynste me for that matter but wyth the Gods of oure Countrey wyth dutifull mynde and wyth oure valiante actes by the whyche Caesar was a conqueroure wée wyll reuenge him labouring with our bodyes and counselling wyth oure mynds These thyngs O Souldioure fellowes I woulde haue secrete although howe I haue done them I haue tolde you with whome I will participate all thyngs both in worde and déede the which you may shewe to any other that do not knowe it onely Octauius except who is most vnthankefull to vs. When Antony hadde thus saide it séemed to the Captaynes that he had done all things with great art and policie to deceiue the quellers whome he hated and therefore they were desirous to reconcile them with Caesar once agayne and persuaded them to méete in the Capitoll Not long after Antony did cause some of his gard to be apprehended by his friendes as entised by Octauius to destroy him eyther to discredite Octauius or for that he thoughte it true learning it of such as were sente to hys Campe. He declared this to be done by all coniecture to dispatche hys person whiche matter béeyng quietly heard caused muche adoe and indignation among the people A fewe that were grounded vppon reason were glad that Antony myghte doe Caesar good and also hurte at hys pleasure bycause hée was terrible to the strikers and if hée were once dispatched they myghte wyth the more securitie doe theyr feates bycause the Senate chiefly fauoured them Thus the wyser sorte did thinke but the multitude séeyng that despight and hynderance was dayly offered to Octauius they thoughte it not vnlike to be a calumniation and yet supposed it not good nor honest that Antony beyng Consull shoulde bée in daunger of hys person Octauius Caesar with greate anger and furie wente among them that were of thys opinion and cryed that hée was circumuented of Antony for the frendshyppe that he onely had with the people and ranne to Antonyes house and there he exclaymed and called the Gods to witnesse with all execrations and othes prouoking hym to come to tryall and bycause no bodye came to hym he sayde to hys friendes I am contente to bée iudged by hys owne people And with that he brake in at the dores but béeyng kepte backe he sware and rebuked them that kepte the gates bycause they stopped hym from making further tryall wyth Antony He wente hys way and protested to the people that if any hurte came vnto hym it shoulde come by Antonyes meanes Hauyng spoken this with greate vehemencie it gréeued the people and some of them repented of theyr former opinion Some stoode in doubte and â—usted neyther of them Some thoughte it a dissimulation betwéene them the better to bryng to passe that they had agréed vpon in the Temple againste their enimies and some thought Antonie deuised it to haue a greater garrison about him and to turne mens good will from Octauius Nowe was there secrete intelligence gyuen to hym that the armye at Brunduse and the ordinarie Souldioures were angrye with Antonie bycause he neglected Caesars death and that they woulde reuenge it to their power and that Antonie was gone in hast to Brunduse for this cause Octauius was afrayde least he returning with his armye shoulde finde hym vnprouided He tooke mony and wente to Campania to winne the Cities that were inhabited by such â–ª as had serued his father and first he persuaded Celatia and Silio two Townes about Capua He gaue euerie man fiue hundred drammes and had tenne thousande menne neyther armed nor distributed into due bands and order but only as a gard of his person vnder one ensigne They in the Citie were afrayde of Antonies commyng with his army and when they heard that Octauius was comming with another they were in a double feare and some tooke it well that they mighte vse Octauius against Antony Some that sawe theyr reconciliation in the Capitoll thought it but a dissimulation and a recompence of the one to be in authoritie and the other to persecute the quellers In thys disquietnesse Carnutiw the Tribune enimie to Antony and friende to Octauius wente to knowe the truth whyche béeyng done hée declared to the people that there was playne variance betwéene Antony and Octauius and that it stoode them in hande to make Octauius theyr friende séeyng they had none other armye to resist Antonyes Tyrannie When he had sayde thus he willed Octauius to enter who lay a little withoute the Citie at the Temple of Mars Hée dyd so and came to the Temple of Iupiters chyldren about the whyche the Souloioures stoode with theyr weapons openly Carnutius spake firste against Antony Then Octauius hymselfe reuiued the memorie
of hys father and shewed what iniurie Antony hadde done hym whereby he was forced to gette an armye for hys suretie wyth the whyche he woulde obey and serue his Countrey in all thyngs nowe readye agaynste Antonie When he hadde thus sayde the Counsell was broken vp The armye that thoughte otherwyse bycause of theyr reconciliation and that they were onely broughte to preserue Octauius person agaynste hys quellers séemed to bée gréeued that suche wordes shoulde bee spoken agaynste Antonie then béeyng a Generall of an armye and Consull of the Citie and some desired to goe home as to arme themselues for they coulde abyde none other but theyr owne armies and some tolde the very truth Octauius beganne to doubt agayne séeyng it came otherwyse to passe than he thought and therefore gaue place to the occasion trustyng to wynne them rather by gentlenesse than by force wherefore some he sente to bée armed and some to theyr home agayne promising them all for theyr laboures and hydyng hys griefe he gaue them newe giftes and promised them more liberally to requite them and that he woulde vse them in all hys enterprises rather as hys fathers friendes than as hys Souldioures When he hadde so sayde one thousande or thrée at the most for in thys the Writers vary he wanne to tarrie the rest wente awaye They remembryng the toyle of tyllage and the gayne of warfare and the wordes of Caesar that easilie dyd drawe them and the giftes they hadde receyued with the hope of that they shoulde receyue as the variable nature of people is beganne to repent and turning occasion to dutie they armed themselues and returned to him and he went to Rauenna for more reuenue and when he hadde gone ouer the Countrey and gotten more menne one after another he sente them to Arezzâ— In this meane time of the fiue Legions of Macedonie foure were come to Antonie to Brunduse accusing him as one that neglected Caesars deathe and bycause they gaue no gréetyng to hym when they broughte hym to hys seate as to heare somewhat firste sayde of themselues he was offended with their silence and coulde not refrayne but rebuked them of vnthankefulnesse that where by hym they were called from the iourney into Parthia to remayne in Italie they did not acknowledge anye thanke for it Then he blamed them for bearing with the rashe yong man for so he called Caesar that they woulde not discouer to hym suche persons as he had sente to make difference betwéene them but he woulde fynde them out hymselfe intendyng to leade them to the wealthie prouince of Celtica and to gyue euery one that woulde abide with hym one hundred drammes The Souldyoures laught at his miserable offer and the more he was angry the more were they in disorder and tumulte wherefore he rose and sayde You shall learne to be ruled Then he enquired of the Chiefetaynes who were the seditious for among the Romaines they vsed to note euerye manne by writing and by lawe of warre he chose them out but hée dyd not kyll euery tenth manne but parte of them thinking by a fewe to affray the rest They not to feare but rather to anger and hate tourned his doings whiche thyng when they perceyued that were sente thyther by Octauius they threwe billes aboute the Campe conteyning the niggardnesse and crueltie of Antonie with an vnthankefulnesse to Caesar that dead was and the liberalitie and gentlenesse of him that now they might help Antonie with great diligence soughte out the authors with threatning of greate payne to them that dyd not disclose them but when he coulde not finde anye out hée was muche offended that the whole army should fauoure them and when he hearde of the extraordinarie bands that were gone to Caesar Octauius and what was done for him at Rome he was troubled and came agayne to the army and sayde It did greeue him to doe that he had done for the necessitie of Souldious discipline taking but a few in stead of many according to the lawe and that they did well knowe that Antonie was neyther cruell nor sparing but quoth he let anger go let this be ynough both of punishment and of offence and as for the hundred drammes he meante it not as a gifte for Antonies fortune requyred otherwyse but as a welcome of fyrste acquayntance betwéene them rather than a gifte hée wylled them to haue it and that by the lawe of their Countrey and Souldyoures order they oughte to bée obediente to hym in thys and in all other thyngs Thus he sayd yet dyd he not adde anye more to the somme least the Captayne shoulde séeme to giue place to the Souldioure and they eyther for repentance or for feare accepted it and hée changed the officers of hys Campe eyther for the displeasure of thys sedition or for some other suspition The rest with suche furniture as he had deuiding his host he sent by sea to Arimeno He takyng one bande of the most likely men both in bodye and obedience wente towarde Rome from thence to goe also to Arimeno Hée proudely entred the Citie leauyng one bande withoute the Citie in Campe and wyth them that were aboute hym armed hée caused hys house to bée garded in the nyghte for hys safetie to whome he gaue watchwordes in dyuers parts as a garrison in the Citie He assembled the Senate intending to haue accused Octauius for his doings but at his entry it was tolde him that the martiall legion by the way was gone to Octauius And as hée stoode in doubt and feare what to doe it was also shewed hym that the fourthe legion following the Martials example was likewise reuolted to Octauius Being much troubled he entred and made a shew as he had called the Senate for an other purpose tarried not long there but went to the gates and from thence to the Cittie of Alba to stay the reuolters But being put from the walles hée retourned and to the other legions hée sente fiue hundred drams a man and with them that he hadde hée wente to Tiburo hauyng suche prouision as they bee wonte that goe agaynst theyr enimies Nowe was it euident that warre woulde followe for Decimus meante not to leaue hys Prouince Antony beeyng in thys place almoste all the Senate and manye of the Gentlemen came to do hym honor and so dyd a great part of the people synding hym gyuyng othe to hys souldiors that were presente and of other that hadde serued him béefore whyche resorted to hym in greate number And they fréely sware to Antony that they woulde not breake faith and beneuolence wyth hym So as nowe a man mighte doubte who they were that a little before hadde spoken againste Antony for Octauius Caesars sake Antony thus wyth great pompe approched Arimeno where was the beginning of Fraunce Celâ—â—ca his armye Beside these newe Souldioures was thrée legions from Macedonia for nowe all were come vnto hym and
the olde Souldioures that then serued were counted twice so good as the yong So hadde Antony an armye of foure legions of experte Souldioures beside suche as bée wonte to followe as venturers and the olde guarde of hys person wyth other nâ—we chosen Lepidus in Iberia hadde thrée legions Asinius Pollio twoo and Plancus in further Fraunce thrée all the whyche séemed to take Antonies parte Octauius Octauius Caesar had twoo choise legions that wente from Antony â–ª one of yoÌ„g souldiors and two of them that serued him first neyther full in number nor furnished in armoure yet supplyed of the newe commers He gathered these togither at Alba and sent them to the Senate They dydde so muche reioice in Octauius as a man myghte doubte that anye dydde before honoure Antony yet were they not content that the legions that went from hym shoulde goe to Octauius and not to them Neuerthelesse they praysed them and Caesar promising shortly after to determine by decrée what was to bee doonc when the newe Magistrates hadde theyr offices It was euident in the ende that they woulde bend against Antony and bycause they had no army and coulde gather none wythout the Consuls auctoritie they deferred all till the newe election Caesars army offred him Maces and Sergeants prepared and prayed him to take vpon hym the Lieutenantship and leading of their warre they being euer vsed to such auctoritie He thanked them for the honoure but referred the matter to the Senate them that wolde haue gone by heaps for this purpose he forbad and staied them that would haue sent Ambassadours that the Senate quoth hée maye take order for it of themselues vnderstanding of your offer and my refusall They hardly beeyng contented this waye and the Capitaines construing it as men had in some suspition he declared vnto them that the Senate dyd not rather encline to him for good will than for feare of Antony and want of army til we quoth he haue dispatched Antony The murtherers being friends and kinsemen to the Senate wil gather power for theÌ„ whych I perceyuing wil pretend to obey them And this is not to be disclosed for if we take power vppon vs they will call it violence and contumelic but if wée make daunger of it they will peraduenture giue it vs fearing otherwise wée shal haue it by you When hée hadde thus sayde hée sawe the twoo legious that came to him from Antony shewing the shape of battayle contending together in as vehement wise as thoughe they hadde béene fighting indéede kylling onely excepted and hée béeing delighted with this feate and glad to take the occasion didde gyue to euery man other fiue hundred drammes and if anye necessitye by the warre shoulde followe hée promised to them hauing the better hande fyue thousande drammes a man. Thus did Caesar with liberalitie of rewarde winne them that were hys hyred menne and these were the dooyngs in Italy In Fraunce Antony commaunded Decimus to go into Macedonia to obey the people and saue himselfe Decimus sente him the letters of the Senate verye well written signifying that as well oughte hée to obey the Senate as he the people Antony appoynted hym a daye when hée woulde vse hym as an enimie Decimus required hym to appoynt a longer daye to hymselfe that hée shoulde not too soone be made an enimye to the Senate Antony that was too good for hym in the fielde yet thoughte it better to goe vnto the Cities and they receyued hym Decimus béeyng afrayde that hée shoulde not when hée would enter anye of them fayned he hadde receyued letters from the Senate to returne to Rome wyth hys army and so as one goyng home into Italy he was receiued in euery place But when he came to Mutina a plentifull Citie he shutte the gates and commaunded the Citizens to bring all thynges foorthe that was necessarye for foode and caused al their beasts to be kylled and poudred for feare the siege woulde laste long and so he tarryed for Antonies comming Hys armye was a number of Sworde-players and thrée legions armed whereof one was of new Souldiours withoute experience the other two of former seruice and very faithfull to hym Antony with anger came againste Decimus and caste a trenche aboute the Cittie and so was Decimus besieged In Rome the Consuls according to the yeare being chosen dydde straighte assemble the Senate with sacrifices in the Temple agaynste Antony Cicero and his friends did require he might be iudged an enimie bycause he by force of armes didde take the Prouince of France contrarie to the Senats pleasure to trouble hys countrey and bycause he had brought that army into Italie that was appoynted hym againste the Thracians They alleadged also againste hym that after Caesar he sought to rule being armed in the Citie with so many band-leaders and vsing his house as a forte full of Souldiours and Ensigns and in all hys dooyngs more insolent than became a yearely officer Lucius Piso one that fauoured Antonies faction and a man verye notable among the Romaynes and other that fauoured Piso for Antonies cause required hée myghte bée called into iudgement bycause it was not the manner of theyr countrey to condemne anye manne before hée were hearde nor conuenient that hée that was yesterdaye a Consull should thys daye be an enimy especially hauing bene so ofte praysed bothe of Cicero and of other The Senate stoode doubtfull in the cause all the night The nexte day in the morning béeyng agayne assembled the Ciceronians wyth greate instaunce hadde decréede Antony an ennimye hadde not Saluius the Tribune dissolued the counsell till the nexte daye In these offices hée hathe moste power that maye prohibite The Ciceronians dydde spitefully laboure againste hym and ranne among the people to styrre them vppon hym and cited Saluius to aunswere He wythoute feare came foorthe till the Senate stayed hym fearing leaste he should incense the people to drawe them to the memorye of Antonie they were not ignoraunte that they condemned a noble manne wythout iudgement nor that the people had gyuen hym France but for feare of the strykers they were angry with hym bycause he first brake the lawe of Obliuion therefore they chose Octauius agaynst him before who not being ignoraunt therof was desirous to dispatch Antony The Senate being thus affected the voyces notwithstanding were deferred to the Tribunes Yet it was determined that Decimus shoulde be praysed for that he had not giueÌ„ place to Antonie in Celtica And that Caesar with the Consuls Hircius Pansa should ioyne with such armies as he now had that an Image of gold should be made to honour him that he might giue voyce among the Senatours and be allowed to be Consull ten yeares before the lawe and that the legions that went from Antony to him shoulde haue as muche giuen them of the Treasure as Caesar had appointed to them after the victorie all the
which being decréed they brake vp euen as already Antony had being an enemy in déede no Tribune daring speake for him the next daye Wherefore his wife and hys mother wyth his sonne being yet yong and his other friendes and familiars all the night went to the great mens houses to beséech them and the next daye came to the Senate house suing to euerye man falling to their féete with wéeping and wayling in blacke habite they cryed out at the counsel dore and some for the lamentable voyces and behauiour for the sodennesse of the matter were moued with compassion wherefore Cicero being afrayde he spake thus vnto the Senate What we ought to decrée of Antony yesterday we did determine for when we gaue honour to his aduersaries we coÌ„demned him as an enimie Saluius was only an impediment against vs eyther for that he thinketh himselfe more wise than we or for the friendship he beareth to Antony or for ignoraÌ„ce of the matter Euerye one of these is to our great shame that al we should haue lesse wit than one and also to Saluius if he do prefer his friendship before the coÌ„mon wealth But wheÌ„ he hath not well vnderstand this present case he should haue giuen credite to the Consul the Pretors and to the Tribunes his fellowes and to the other Senatoures in number and worthinesse so manye who for oure age and experience oughte to knowe Antonie â–ª better than Saluâ—o In publique causes and iudgementes the more parte euer hath the right but if causes muste vee knowne and nowe learned agayne I wyll repeate them briefelye and touche the moste principall matter When Caesar was deade Antony tooke awaye oure common money the rule of Macedonia he hadde by vs but into Fraunce he entred violently without vs The army that was delyuered hym againste the Thracians hée brought into Italie againste vs requiring these deceitfully of vs and not obtayning hee did them of himselfe At Brunduse heâ— ordained a princelye bande to be aboute hym and openlye in Rome men in armour dyd guarde and watche hym vnder ensignes He broughte from Brunduse an other armye to the Cittie readye to all attemptes aspiring to the things that Caesar whom hée lamented coueted and when yong Caesar prepared againste hym another armye hee was afrayde and wente into Fraunce as a place fittest to vse force againste vs bycause Caesar from that place did inuade vs and got the rule ouer vs and giuing terrour to his armye that they mighte sticke to him in all hys vnlawfull dooyngs by lotte hee caused them to dye neither making anye mutinie nor forsaking their charge and order in battell for the whiche onelye the lawe of armes I thinke hath appoynted that punishemente whyche fewe Capitaynes scarcelye in greate perills woulde vse for necessitie But hee at a worde and a ieste giueth death to Citizens and death not of them that deserue but of suche as he woulde choose wherefore they that coulde haue forsaken hym and you yesterdaye dyd determine to rewarde them as those that hadde doone well They that coulde not escape awaye for feare doe dwell with him and as enimies inuade youre lande and besiege youre armye and youre generall and whom you appoynted to remaine in Fraunce Antony commaundeth hym to departe Whether then haue we iudged Antony an ennimye or doeth hée vse vs as enimyes Oure Tribune wyll not know this tyll Decimus be deade and tyll that prouince so greate and so nygh vnto vs and after the prouince the armye also of Decimus maye be in Antonies power to worke hys hope agaynste vs For by lyke the Tribunes wyll not â—o soone decrée hym to be an ennimye tyll hee bée Lorde ouer vs. Whyle Cicero was thus saying hys friendes made a greate noyse continuallye and woulde not suffer anye manne to speake agayne tyll Piso rose vppe when as the Senate for the reuerence of him commaunded silence and then the Ciceronians stayde and Piso thus beganne to speake The lawe O Senatours doth allowe the accused to haue hys cause heard and when he hath aunswered for himselfe to be iudged accordynglye Cicero the moste vehement Oratoure I doe chalenge who durste not accuse Antony when he was presente and in hys absence hath layde greate matter to his charge the greatest and doubtfullest whereof I wyll note and wyth shorte aunswere shewe them to bée false Hee sayeth that Antony after Caesar â–ª deathe dyd take the publique money as hys owne the lawe calleth suche one â— Theefe and not an enimye appointyng the payne Therefore when Brutus hadde slayne Caesar and accused hym to the people for spoyling the common money and leauing the â—teâ—â—â— nothyng Antony by and by did decrée that the matter 〈…〉 â—t searched 〈…〉 approued hys sentence by publique 〈…〉 appointyng a rewarde of the tenthe 〈…〉 to them that woulde declare it whych we wyll double if any man can accuse Antony of that And thus much concerning the money The prouince of Fraunce we did not appoint to Antony the people did by lawe Cicero being present in such sort as manye other be giuen and heretofore gaue the same to Caesar in like maner Part of the decrée is that Antony should make warre vpon Decimus if he would not giue place vnto him and that the army prepared against the Thracians who stirreth not shoulde be led against him if he resisted Cicero doth not iudge Decimus an enemye that maketh warre againste the lawe but Antony that obeyeth the lawe If he condemneth hym hee condemneth them that made the lawe whome hee ought by persuasion to pacific and not to prouoke by contumelie Neither ought he to credite that place to Decimus whoÌ„ the people haue bannished for murder discredite Antony to whom the people haue giuen it by law It is no good counsel to make diuision with the people especially in dauÌ„gerous times nor to forget that this belongeth chiefly to the people to iudge of friendes and foes for by the auntient lawes the people only is Lord of war and peace in the whiche at this time notwithstanding they haue not appointed nor commaunded nor vsed their priuiledge ouer vs But he saith Antony killed certain Souldiours being general and appointed therevnto by you Neuer was there Captaine generall that was charged wyth that offiÌ„ce For the lawes haue not thought it méete that the Captaine should be subiect to the Souldiours and there is nothing worse in a campe than disobedience by the whiche some conquerours haue bene ouerthrowen None of them that were punished haue complayned nor none of their friendes or kinsfolke But Cicero hath accused and finding fault at their death instead of such honor as hath ben wont to be giuen to such executers he wil haue Antony exclaymed an enimy How Antonies army was disordered how they disâ—ayned hym it is enâ—deÌ„t by the two legions y are fled froÌ„ him whoÌ„ you coÌ„manded to serue vnder him â— they contrary to y law of souldiers haue not fled froÌ„ him to you
Captains they making no accompte of their commaundemente made a bridge of boats ouer the riuer that they mighte the better come togither and the legion called the tenth sometime wont to bée led of Antonie prepared for him in their tenâ—s Laterensis one of the noble Senatoures perceyuing thys opened the matter to Lepidus who giuing no credite to hym willed the armye to bée diuided into diuerse partes as to be sent to diuers vses to trie their treason or faith Lepidus deuided them into thrée and commaunded them in the nightâ— that they shoulde conduct a Treasourer of the armye that was comming at hand They passing the last watch and arming themselues as to a iorney went to the strongest parte of the campe and opened the gates to Antony who ranne into Lepidus Tentes all the armye bringing hym and praying Lepidus of mercie and peace for the afflicted Citizens Lepidus leapte oute of hys bed without his clothes and promysed so to doâ— and embracing Antony excused the necessitie Some saye he dydde knéele to Antonie as one that was a cowarde and of small experience the whyche all writers doâ— not allowe nor I thinke it to be probable for hée hadde done no parte of an ennimye againste Antony whereby he should bée asrayde of hym Thus Antony was risen agayne to greate power and béecame moste fearefull vnto his ennimyes for hee hadde the Armye that hée ledde from Modena hée hadde receyued thrée legions by the waye of Ventidius and newe hadde the fellowshippe of Lepidus wyth seauen legions armed wyth all kynde of furniture and preparation requisite Lepidus bare the name among them but Antonie had the direction of all When this was shewed at Rome a maruellous and suddayne mutation of mindes followed some from greate boldenesse fell to feare some from great feare were lifted vppe to courage The decrées of the tenne men were broken wyth spighte and the creation of Consulles was instantelye called for The Senate stoode in doubte what to doe and feared that Caesar and Antonie woulde agrée They sente secreatelye Lucius and Pansa to Brutus and Cassius as to viewe publique playes that they sette foorthe in Grecia and secreatlye required them that as soone as might bée they woulde come to helpe them From Libya they called twoo of the thrée legions vnder Sâ—xtius and the thirde they commaunded to be gyuen to Cornificiuâ— that was ruler of the other Libya that obeyed the Senate They were afrayde of these when they remembred they hadde serued vnder Iulius Caesar and were enclined to hys doings This doubtefulnesse droue them to this pointe that bycause they feared newe Caesar woulde consente wyth Antonie they chose hym agayne verye vnfitlye lieutenaunte vnder Detimus but Caesar for anger as continuallye vsed with dispight stirred his armye that they shoulde be sente to a néedye iorney before they were paide the fyue thousande drammes promised them for the fyrste and counselled them to sende to the Senate for it and they sent the Captaines of the bandes The Senate knowing wherefore they were taughte to come aunswered they woulde sende their Ambassadoures vnto them whome they thus instructed That they shoulde priuatelye speake to the twoo legions that wente from Antonie and teache them not to putte their truste in one but in the Senate onelye whose power was eternall and that they shoulde goe to Decimus whither they woulde sende them theyr money and pretended they hadde readye to gyue them the one halfe and that tenne men shoulde be appointed for the payment not namyng Caesar for the eleuenth The Messengers bycause the legions would not be spoken to without Caesar returned in vaine Caesar woulde no more haue other to speake to the Souldioures nor tarrye anye longer but himselfe wente to the armye béeyng assembled and shewed what despight the Senate had done him and that they ment to destroy euerye one of Caius Caesars friendes He badde them beware of them that woulde haue them tourne to a Capitayne by sentence of gods iudged an ennimy and so from one ennimye to another eyther to bée vtterlye destroyed or to be at debate among themselues for the feate at Mutina being common rewarde is onelye appointed to twoo legions to worke strife and discorde among them You knowe quoth hée why Antonie is persecuted and what the Pompeyans haue propounded in Rome agaynste them that haue receyued giftes by Caesars appointement What truste can you haue eyther of the lande or the money that hée gaue you or of my safetye so long as the kyllers kinsemen doe beare rule in the Senate As for my selfe I am readye to take suche ende as shall happen vnto me and it shall be myne honoure to suffer for my fathers defence but for you so manye and so worthye men my whole care is béeyng in perill for my fathers sake and mine You know that I am cleare from al ambition since I refused the authoritie that you woulde haue giuen me with the ceremonies of a Magistrate Nowe I see that boâ—â—e oure safeties doeth consist if I be of you declared Consull for so shall the things be made sure vnto you that my father hathe giuen you the landes and habitations that be due vnto you you shall obtaine and all youre giftes to the vttermoste and I séeking the punishment of the strihers will wyth you dispatche our other enimies When hée hadde thus saide the armye chearefully made a noise and sent the Capitaines againe to Rome to require the Consulshippe for Caesar When the Senate obiected against hys age the Captaines as they were instructed saide that in olde tyme Coruinus was Consull before hys tyme and after hym Scipio bath the firste and the seconde and by their youth the Countrey was aduaunced Comming to later tyme they broughte forth Pompey and Dolobella and Caesar himselfe to whom it was graunted to be Consull tenne yeares béefore hys tyme. The Capitaines speaking thus with much boldenesse some of the Senatoures coulde not abide that they béeyng but band-leaders should vse suche frée spéech before the Senate and rebuked them as menne more insolent than became Souldioures duety When the whole armye heard this they were more angry and desired they might straighte be led to the Cittie that they might make Caesars sonne a Consull by a famous election whose father they extolled with immortall praise When Octauius sawe this vehemencie by and by from that assemblye he marched forward with eight legions of footemeÌ„ and a sufficient number of horsemen and all prouision accordingly and when he was paste the floude Rubicone from Celtica into Italy as his father did afore wheÌ„ he moued ciuil war he deuided his army into ij parts y one he commauÌ„ded to follow at leysure the other and the better he toke with him made much spéede minding to take them vnprouided He met with part of the money that the Senate had sent the souldiours for a rewarde and being afrayde of
the bringers of this gifte he sentâ— secretiye some afore to afraye them whereby they wyth their money fledde awaye When the report of his comming was at Rome great was the trouble and tumulte running hyther and thyther to sende their wiues and children and to carye their chiefe substaunce eyther into the countrey or so the strongest parts of the Citie For it was not throughly known whyther he came onlye to aske the Consulshippe But when they heard that he came as an ennimy wyth an angry armye they were afrayde of al hands The Senate was greatly stroken that they had no power sufficient and as in suche feare happeneth one of them accesed an other some bycause they tooke awaye the army from Antony wyth suche dispight some bycause they had suspition of the Triumphe whiche was but right some for hatred and diuision of the money some bycause he was not appointed the eleuenth manne in the distribution some bycause the rewards were not giueÌ„ neither soone ynough nor ful ynough sayd the army was become their enimy â–ª blamed this contention so much out of season Brutus and Cassius being so farre off and Antonius and Lepidus their ennimies so nygh whome perceyuing to be redy to agrée wyth Caesar made the feare to grow the greater Cicero that before was the great styrrer did nowe no where appeare In euerie manne was maruellous mutation in euerye matter and for the two thousande and fiue hundred drams that shoulde be giuen to two legions to giue fiue thousande drammes to eight legions and in stéede of tenne men to make Caesar the distributour alone and to graunte hym to aske the Consulshippe in his absence Ambassadours went in haste tâ— make thys message with diligence who were not out of the towne before the Senate repented them as they that ougâ—â—â— not so cowardly to be troubled nor to receiue another â—â—ran without bloudshed and that it was not the vse to aske the Consulship by force nor that Captaynes shoulde rule the Countrey at their pleasure and that they in the Citie shoulde arme themselues and alleage the lawes againste them that came to inuade the Countrey and if they woulde néedes procéede rather to suffer the séege till Decimus and Plancus myghte come and better to defend themselues to death than willingly to receyue seruitude without redresse They recyted the olde examples of the Romanes in sufferance and Counsell for their libertie whiche they woulde in no wise giue ouer And when the two legions called from Libya dyd that day arriue at the porte they thoughte that the Gods did exhort them to mainteyne their libertie and repenting now themselues they woulde reuoke all that they had done Cicero now appearing among them Therefore all men that were of age were appoynted to serue The two Legions that came from Libya and wyth them a thousande Horse and one Legion that Pansa lefte them were putte togither all the whiche was deuided One parte kepte the hyll Ianiculo where all theyr money lay Another kepte the passage of the floud by the officers of the Citie deuiding themselues and some hadde broughte their moneys to the porte in Shippes and boates that if they were ouercome they myght escape by Sea. Thus they dyd with greate boldnesse and spéede trustyng thereby to affray Caesar or to moue hym without his army to aske the Consulshippe of them or manfully to defende themselues and that the state myghte change to contrarie fortune whyles they did fyght for their libertie Caesars mother and his sister they coulde not fynde neyther by priuie nor open search wherefore they made a greate stirre béeyng spoyled of so great pledges and thoughte that the Caesarians did not encline to them bycause they had so surely hid them from them Some of the messengers remayning yet wyth Caesar the contrarye determination was tolde him wherefore they departed from him with shame he with the armye béeyng the rather styrred came forwarde wyth greate hast fearing the women myghte take hurte And to the people that was in tumulte he sente hys Horsemen afore willing them no more to bée afrayde whereat euery man reioysing he tooke the places aboue Mount Quirinale no man daryng to encounter or resiste hym Wherefore an other maruelous mutation was séene of the sodayne So many noble menne that wente vnto hym and receyued hym the common people folowyng and vsing the Souldiours in battayle raye as men quiet in peace hée leauyng hys armye in that place the nexte daye came into the Cittie with a sufficient Garde aboute hym they of the Cittie mette wyth hym all the waye on euery side and saluted hym omittyng no parte of humanitie nor humble seruice His Mother and hys Sister from the Temple of Vestae wyth the holy Nunnes ranne out to embrace hym The thrée legions dispising theyr Capitaynes sente Embassadours vnto him to yéelde themselfe Cornutus one of theyr chiefe Capitaynes killed hymselfe the other trusted to hys promisse and fayth Cicero hearyng of these promyses practysed to come before hym by hys friendes whiche beyng done he excused hymselfe and extolled the perswasion that hée had vsed to the Senate for hys Consulshippe he answeared onely with a taunt that he was the laste of hys friendes that came vnto him In the nyghte a sodayne rumour was raysed that twoo legions of Caesars the Martiall and the fourth were reuolted to the Cittie as grieued they should be brought to betraye their countrey The officers and the Senate gaue fayth vnto the rumour very lightly and though the other army was at hand they thought with these menne so valiant they might resist the reste of Caesars hoste till more power mighte come to them from other place And in the nyghte to be sure they sente Acilius Crassus into Picena to gather an armye and they commaunded one Apuleius a Tribune to runne to the people wyth thys ioyful tydings and the Senate that night came to the Counsell â–ª Cicero standing at the dore and receyuing them with greate ioye and gladnesse and when it was knowne it was but a false rumor he fledde his waye in a waggon Caesar laughing at them broughte his armye nygher the Citie to the place called the fielde of Mars He hurt none of the officers not so much as Crassus that was posting into Picene althoughe hee was broughte vnto hym in a seruile habite but spared all to the opinion of hys humanitie albeit not long after he put them to death The common treasure founde in Ianiculo or in any other place be commaunded to be brought togither and al that was afore appointed by Cicero he distributed to his army two thousande and fiue hundred drammes to euery man the residue he promised to giue them When he had done this he retyred from the Citie till the election of the Consuls when he was chosen and with him Q. Pedius as he desired who had left a portion
both was honoured with the place of a Lieutenaunt And after them Caesar to cléere himself of Ciceros iniurie made him straight the Bishop and not long after Consul and President of Syria And wheÌ„ Caesar ouercame Antony at Actio he was yet Consul and Caesar wrote to him of it which Letters he readde to the people of Rome and sate in that seate of Justice where his fathers head was put Appius diuided his substance among his seruants and sayled with them into Sicelie They watching for his mony a storm rysing put him into a boate that they might sayle with the more safetie but it chaunced that he in the boate was saued beyonde all hope and they drowned with theyr shippe Publius a treasurer of Brutus and of the familie of Anteny was requested to forsake Brutus which bicause he would not do he was proscribed yet he returned and was a friende to Caesar and when Caesar came to him he woulde shewe him Brutus picture for the which he was praysed of Caesar These things beyonde hope happening to the proscribed men both in daunger and safetie many moe being omitted I thought chiefe to be declared When matters had thus passed in Rome all the places about for these troubles were ful of enimies great warres fell out In Libya of Cornificius against Sextius in Syria of Cassius against Dolobella in Sicilia of Pompey where great affliction was among the Citties for this captiuitie I will ouerpasse the lesse the greatest that appeared more worthie than the rest in Loadicea Tharsus Rhodes Patareans and Xantheans and euery of them which from the beginning in order I haue gathered to write were these The Romaines call that parte yet olde Libya which they wanne of the Carthaginenses that whiche King Iuba helde and was after gotten by Caesar they call Newe Libya and may bée of Numidia Sextius being president of New Libya vnder Caesar commaunded Cornificius to giue place in the olde as thoughe all Libya was Caesars by lot When the thrée men made their diuision he sayd he knew no suche diuision made of the thrée men among themselues nor woulde deliuer the Prouince which he had receiued of the Senate but onelye to them againe And for this cause they made war one against another Cornificius had an armye well appointed and great in number Sextius had lighte harnessed and fewer by the whiche comming abroade hée caused men to reuolte from Cornificius and gaue repulse to Ventidius a Captaine of Cornificius comming vpon him lustily and besieged him Laelius an other Captayne of Cornificius went abrode and wan Cirta and other places from Sextius and they al sent to Arabion the king and to them that were called Sittians to take part with them in the warre which were so called for thys cause Sittius in Rome not abiding sentence in his own quarrell fled and gathering an army came froÌ„ Italy and Spaine into Libya and tooke a part among the Libyan Kings that warred togither and with whom he ioyned and gotte the victorie he was called a Sittian bycause his army did very valiantly When Caius Caesar did persecute Pompeys friends he did fyghte for him in Libya and ouerthrewe Sabura Iubas Lieutenant a famous man For whiche cause Sittius was rewarded of Caesar with king Manasses land not al but the best part of it Manasses was this Arabions father and confederate with Iuba His lande Caesar gaue to Sittius and to Bocchus king of the Marusians one part whereof Sittius diuided for the people vnder him Arabion fledde into Iberia to Pompeis children and when Caius Caesar was killed he retourned againe to Libya and euer sending some of his Libyans to the yonger Pompey into Iberia and receyuing expert souldiours from thence he tooke hys lande from Bocchus and dispatched Sittius by craft and being still friend to the Pompeyans and perceyuing their fortune to be full of infelicitie without hope he agréede with Sittius and soone by hym was reconciled to Caesar The Sittians also for his fathers beneuolence wyth Caesar ioyned wyth hym Sestius being nowe emboldned came from the siege to the fight where Ventidius was slayne and the army fledde without a guyde whome he chased and killed and tooke many of them Laelius hearing of this leuied the siege at Cirta and wente to Cornificius Sestius being hauty with this feat went to Cornificius at Vtica and encamped against him hauing much people And Cornificius sending Laelius with horsmen to take a view Sestius sent Arabion with his horse against Laelius at the face he with horse better appointed came vpon him on the side and disordred hym so that Laelius thoughe not inferior yet fearing his retire shoulde haue bene shutte tooke an hill that was betwéene both where Arabion as hée was directed kylled manye and compassed the reste Cornificius séeing this came foorthe wyth hys whole power to helpe Laelius Sestius sette vpon him on the back with sodayne charge whome Cornificius endeuoured to repell with great trauaile Arabion in the meane time créeping with his meÌ„ through the stony places came secretly ouer mountaines vpon Cornificius campe Roscius that was kéeper of the campe being distressed offered hys throate to be cutte of a Page Cornificius wearie of the fyght went to Laelius to the mountaine not knowing what was doone at his Campe when Arabion â–ª horsemen came vpon him and killed him Laelius séeing al this vpon the hill kylled himselfe When the Captaines were deade the armies fled seuerally and suche of the proscribed men as were with Cornificius some fledde into Sicelie and some whither they could Sestius rewarded Arabion and the Sitâ—ians with goodly gifts and the Citties he pardoned to obey Caesar This was the ende of the warre in Libya betwixte Cornificius and Laelius very shorte if a man consider the feates doone wyth so great spéede With Brutus and Cassius in comparison to these little was done and that was this when Caius Caesar was killed the murderers tooke the Capitoll and when obiâ—uion of al thinges was decréed they came down The people at the funerall of Caesar being moued wyth pittie ranne aboute to séeke the quellers and they driuing them backe from the toppes of the houses went to the prouinces that Caesar had appointed Cassius and Brutus beyng yet Pretors in the Citie were assigned also of Caesar to prouinces Cassius to Siria and Brutus to Macedonia And bycause they coulde not goe to their prouinces before their time nor abide the hate of the Citie they wente away being yet in office and the Senate in consideration of them appointed them Purueioures for prouision that in that meane time they shoulde not be thought to flée away They beyng gone Syria Macedonia were apointed by decrée to Antony and Dolobella being then Consuls The Senate béeing very muche grieued gaue them in steade thereof Creta Cirene whiche they not regarding in shorte tyme gathered much money and men
decrée of the Senate in the whiche it did commaunde that all the dwellers beyonde Ionia shoulde obey vs Brutus dothe require the same and Pompey kéepyng the Sea for the Senates safetie To decrées wée ioyne prayers for all them that be fledde from the Senate to me to Brutus and to Pompey It is the peoples publike decrée that the Rhodianes shoulde help the Romanes euery one as they haue neede If we be neyther officers nor Romanes but you take vs to be fugitiues straungers and condemned as they name vs that haue proscribed vs and that you haue nothing to do with vs but with Romanes O Rhodianes and their leagues then may we make warre with you as strangers and frée from confederacie excepte you obey vs in all that we require Thus Cassius as it were dallying with Archelaus sent him away Alexander and Manasses Captaynes of the Rhodianes with their thrée and thirtie Shippes sayled against Cassius to Myndo to preuent him in the sea hauing hope lightly to ouercome him bycause they made that voyage into Guido agaynste Mithridates when they had happy ende of the warre and vsing rowing for a shew they sayled the first day to Guido and the next set vppon the Cassianes whereat they maruelling did encounter with them shewing noble strength on both sydes The Rhodian shippes were light and gaue a suddayne onset on their enimies and retired againe and fetched what course they woulde The Romaines were heauie and abode by it and when they ioyned with them ouerlayde them like a fight on foote Cassius with the multitude of his shippes did so beset the enimie that they could not compasse nor retire at their pleasure but onely aforehande giue a charge and retire againe and that commoditie was taken away by the streightnesse of the place For their commyng vpon the Romanes great shippes with their sharpe stemmes dyd no good bicause the Romanes stoode vnmouable against their light vessels In the ende thrée of the Rhodianes with all the men in them were taken two were broken and sonke the rest sore beaten fledde to the Rhodes The Romaines resorted to Myndo and repaired their vessels that were brused This was the ende of the fight by Sea betwéene the Romanes and the Rhodianes which Cassius behelde from a Mountayne When he had repayred his Nauye he sayled to Lorennâ— a Castell of the Rhodians and his footemen he committed to Phanius and Lentulus to bée transported in greate Shippes He sayled with fourescore vessels whyche was a terrible sighte to the Rhodians Being arriued at Rhodes he stirred not neyther with hys Nauye nor hys fotemen thinking they woulde haue yéelded but they came fiercely forthe to the fyghte and hauing lost two Shyppes they shutte themselues within the Porte of the Citie and toke armoure and resisted the fotemen that Phanius hadde sette a shore and also Cassius that approched the walles next the Sea not vnfitte for that fight which he foreséeyng had broughte Turrets with him which he set vp and assayled the Citie both by sea and land which being vnprouided for so suddayne a matter must néedes eyther by force or famine be ouerthrowen The wise men of the Citie to auoide that daunger hadde some talke with Phanius and Lentulus In the meane time Cassius was gote into the Citie with the choyce of his army vsing no force at hys entrie whiche some thought to be by them that pityed the famishing of their Citie Cassius hauing the Citie in captiuitie sate downe in y Judgemente seate and pitched his speare in it in token it was thrall and badde them not to feare He commaunded his armye vppon payne of death not to make any spoyle He called 50. Rhodians by name whome he punished with death Fiue and twenty y would not appeare he banished He toke all the money that was golde or siluer holy or publike and appoynted a daye to euery man to bring in his priuate substance He proclaymed deathe to them that hidde any thing To the accuser he proclaimed a third part and to the bonde libertie Manye at the beginning hidde their things hoping the spoyle woulde haue no suche ende but when they sawe men were bewrayed they brought forth all for feare Some was hidden in the ground some in filthy pittes and some in graues out of the which more was brought than at the first Thys was y captiuitie of the Rhodes to the rule of the which Lucius Varus was left Cassius being encouraged with the spéedy taking of this Citie and abundance of money commaunded the other nations of Asia to pay the tenne yeares tribute whiche they did accordingly It was then reported that Cleopatra with great preparation of army and Nauye would sayle to Octauian and Antony both for the friendship of the former Caesar and for feare of Cassius who sente Murcus with his best Legionarie men and archers with fourescore armed Shippes to Pelloponesus and staying at Tenaro meant by preuention to get the spoyle of all Pell ponâ—so The things that Brutus did in Licia were not great but thus they beganne When he had the army of Apuleius and gathered of the tributes of Asia sixetéene thousand talentes he sayled into Bâ—ecia where he did receyue a decree from the Senate that he shoulde vse the same and gouerne Macedonia whyche béeyng knowen he tooke to hym thrées Legions from Illyria the whyche Vatinius then Lieutenante of Illyria delyuered vnto hym Another Legion he had of Antonyes brother in Macedonia to the whyche ioyning foure more he was Lorde of eyghte Legions the greater parte of the whyche hadde serued vnder Caius Caesar Hée hadde also greate numbers of Horsemen archers and other shotte The Macedonians hée armed after the Italian manner In gatheryng thus hys army and treasure he had this good lucke from Thracia Polemocratia a Princes wife and slayne of his foes came to Brutus for the care of hyr sonne and committed hym to Brutus handes whth hyr Husbandes treasure He deliuered the chylde to be trayned of the Citizenians tyll he shoulde be sette in his fathers Kingdome He founde in the Treasure greate massies of golde and syluer whyche he caused to be coyned to make money When Cassius was come vnto Brutus they consulted vppon theyr businesse and determined to beginne the warre vppon the Licians and Xanthians And to beginne with the Zanthians they of the Citie cutte off their subâ—â—bes that Brutus should not vse theÌ„ nor haue coÌ„modity of any thing there they compassed their Citie with a ditche and vpon it made their defence The ditche was fiftie foote déepe and the breadth proportionate accordingly Upon it they stoode and threw their dartes arrowes vpoÌ„ the Romanes diuided as with a floud impassable Brutus gote many Pioners couered theÌ„ with leather to ouerthrow the ditche He parted the army for y night and the dayes labour neuer ceassing but as in a matter of great spéede vsed the
souldioures to coÌ„tend who should do fastest And though at the beginning it séemed he went about a tedious and frutelesse worke yet in the end he brought it to passe very quickly contrary to the Zanthians opinion whiche thoughte it woulde haue bin many monethes in doing or not done at all But nowe they are shutte vp and driuen within their gates with a greate change He gaue dayly assaultes at the gates euer changing his men They resisted and put freshe and sounde men in the place of the wéery and wounded so long as their fortes helde but when they were beaten downe and all broken Brutus thinking what woulde follow commaunded his souldioures to retire from the gates The Zanthians thinking that to bée done by negligence issued out in the nighte with lightes to burne the Romanes engines who being encountred of the Romanes that laye for them retired to the gates the kéepers whereof fearing the enimie should enter also shutte them out whereof did followe a greate slaughter before the gates Not long after the Romanes goyng backe againe the Citizens came out and fired the engines and bycause of the former losse the gates were opened to them at whose goyng in two thousand Romanes thrust in with them and more followed at the which entrie the gates fell downe eyther suddaynely or of purpose the matter failing that held them vp The Romanes were eyther killed or shut in The gates could not be opened nor without some engine be remoued The Zanthians threw vpon them in the stréetes from aboue They hauing neyther bowe nor arrowes gote into a straight place called Sarpedono that they should not vtterly be besette aboute The Romanes that were withoute were carefull for them within and Brutus ranne among them to sée that all help mighte be assayed At the gates barred with yron they could not get in their scales and Towers being burned Wherefore some made scalyng ladders presently and wente vp vppon timber as vpon ladders some tyed forkes to ropes and threwe them to fasten on the wall and climbed vp by coardes The Oâ—nandians theyr neyghboures and enimies and confederate with Brutus gate vp ouer the rocky places whiche when the Romanes saw they followed with great laboure whereby many fell and some that gote ouer went to opeÌ„ the gates and layd timber so thicke that they mighte come ouer whiche they did And being now many they brake the gate not being very stroÌ„g both they within and without helping to it and the Souldioures entred in verye boldly both at the broken gate and ouer the wall vpon the way made with timber so as there was thrusting in on euery side The Zanthians with greate shoutes set vpon the Romanes that were in Sarpedono The Romanes at the gates carefull for them both within and without vsed all violence to make way and as caried with a furie they bare all downe afore them making suche bast and noyse as they mighte know within it God working a change for them And this was at the setting of the Sunne The Citie being thus taken the Zanthians wente into theyr houses and burned their most precious things and wilfully offered their throtes to be cutte The lamentation was so greate that Brutus fearing the spoyle called his Souldiours backe by a Trumpet and when he knewe what was done he pitied the state of them for their liberties sake and sent a truce vnto them They repelling them that brought it and bringing all they had to stackes that they hadde made in their houses set the same on fire and burned themselues therewith Brutus saued all the sacred things and only tooke the Seruants of the Xanthians and an hundred and fifty women frée and wythout husband Thus thrée times the Zanthians perished for their libertie being beséeged of Arpalus Lieutenant of Cyrus the great They killed themselues rather thaÌ„ they would be slaues and the Citie was by him lefte to be their graue And they say they suffered the like of Alexander Philips sonne and coulde not abyde to obey Alexander though he were a Lord of so many landes Brutus wente from Xantho to Patarea a Citie for affayres of the Sea like vnto it and bringing his army about the citie he commaunded them to be obediente vnlesse they woulde suffer as the Xanthians had done Some of the Xanthians were come vnto them bewayling theyr misfortune and counselling them to sée better to themselues The Patareanes aunswering nothing to the Xanthians spent the rest of the day in consultation Daye béeyng come and Brutus approchyng they cryed froÌ„ the walles that they woulde obey hym in anye thyng he would and opened theyr gates He entred neyther killing nor spoyling any man only theyr golde and siluer that was the Cities he gathered togyther commaundyng euery maÌ„ to bryng in hys priuate goodes vpon those paynes that Cassius had sette vpon the Rhodians And they dyd so A Seruaunt dyd accuse hys maister for hydyng of money and shewed a Capitayne that was sente where the golde was All béeyng carryed away the maister held his peace but hys mother wylling to saue hyr sonne cryed that she hadde hydde the money The Seruaunte not required to speake affirmed she sayde not true and that he hadde hidde it whereat Brutus pitying the yong man in silence and the mother in passion sente them away vnhurte with the money they brought and hanged the Seruante that woulde haue betrayed hys maister Lentulus at this time being sent to Andriaca a notable porte for the Nauies of the Myreans brake the cheyne of the Port and went into the Citie They obeyed hys commaundementes and deliuered him their money whych he carryed to Brutus The Lycians sente to Brutus that they woulde obey hym and ayde hym to theyr power He putte a tribute vpon them and gaue the frée men of the Xanthians to that Citie He commaunded the Nauie of Lycia to sayle wyth the rest to Abâ—â—o from whence he led his footemen aboâ—e Cassius coÌ„ming froÌ„ Ionia to goe togither to Seftus Murcus saylyng aboute Peloponeso vnderstoode that Cleopatra had a wracke by tempest aboute Libya and that hir scattered Nauye was blowen to Laconica and that she was so sicke as vnneth she coulde gette home agayne And that he shoulde not séeme to bryng out so greate a companye in vayne he sayled towarde Brunduse and tooke the I le nexte the Port and kepte the rest of the enimies army and theyr victuals from Macedonia Antonie came agaynste hym with those fewe long Shippes that he hadde and at the nygh places annoyed hym wyth the Towers he hadde made He sente hys armye by partes in greate Shyppes obseruyng the wynde from the lande that they shoulde not bée intercepte of Murcus and béeyng in some doubte he called for Caesar that was in the coast of Sicelie to matche with Sextus Pompey Whyche matters wente after this sorte Pompey was the yonger sonne of Pompey the greate béeing
had serued vnder Caius Casar And that none shoulde make any stirre at the sight or name of newe Caesar it was thought méete to speake to the army There was a greate seate in the which sate none but Senatours and Pretors The rest as wel Romanes as straungers â—â—oode about below glad they were to sée one another as they that were stronger than they supposed Boldnesse and great hope grew at the sight of the army whiche thing increaseth the good wil of Souldiours to their Captaine hope that is coÌ„mon getteth beneuolence The noyse that hereof was made did cease by the trumpets and criers and Cassius bicause he was elder thaÌ„ Brutus came a little foorth and thus sayde to the army This contention O Souldiour felowes as it is rommon to vs all and therfore causeth vs to trust one an other so is it conuenient that we do performe to you all that we haue promised the whiche is the greatest trust that wée will fulfill whatsoeuer we promise you hereafter The hope consisteth in the vertue of you that be Souldiours and in vs whom you sée aboute this seate so many and so great men of the Senate and also in the plentyfull furniture of all thyngs whiche you sée of victuall of armure of money and of Shippes of confederates of Nations and Kyngs that of necessitie they by reason muste bée ready to be willyng and agrée whome the prouision and common cause hath ioyned togyther Whereof the twoo men our enimies do calumniate vs you know throughly and for that do you serue with vs willyngly Therefore nowe it is fitte to declare the cause whiche shall chiefly shew that wée haue the beste and moste iuste pretence of this warre We that haue made Caesar great by folowyng hym and leading you in the warres did continue hys friendes to the ende so as it shall not appeare that he was entrapte of vs for any enimity In maters of peace he is to be blamed not of vs his friendes in the which we haue bene honored but by lawes and order of the common wealth whereof now no law no rule of the best nor peoples power remayneth all the which our fathers framed when they expelled the kings and by othe confirmed neuer after to receyue other to the which othe their posteritie of the same minde consenting and puttyng from them the execrations thereof they could not longer endure to sée one man though he were a friende and beneficiall that did conuert to himselse the publique treasure the armies the elections of officers froÌ„ the people the gouernments of nations from the Senate Yet he was a law in stéede of lawes and a Lord in stéede of the people and a Prince in all respectes in steade of the Senate The whiche peraduenture you doe not perfitely know but only consider his valiantnesse in the warre But now you may easily learne it by the things only that touched your selues You the people in the warre do obey your Generalles as your Lords The same condition you receyue of vs agayne in peace the Senate prouidyng that you be not deceyued your selues being Judges and lawmakers accordyng to your companies and societies creatyng Consulles Tribunes and Pretors and by your voyces iudging the greatest things punishing or preferring them as they thought you worthie punishment or preferment This retribution O Citizens hath brought your authoritie to highe felicitie for you haue preferred the worthy and they being preferred haue rendred like thanke to you For this worthinesse you made Scipio Consull when you testified for him in the matters of Libya and made whome you woulde Tribunes of euery age of your selues as was fitte for your causes What néede I to rehearse many things that you already knowe but that fince Caesar bare rule you coulde create neyther Consull Pretor Tribune or Officer nor coulde testifie for any mans vertue nor receyue mutuall testification for your selues And to speake of the chief no man gaue you thankes for any office for authoritie for iustice or correction And that that was moste to be lamented of all other you could not helpe your Tribunes when villanie was done them that you shoulde not retayne your power continual and make it sure and inuiolable but your selfe see them that ought to haue bene vntouched and their authoritie inuiolate and their ornaments sacred to be coÌ„demned without any iudgement by the commaundement of one onely bycause they seemed to be grieued with them that woulde haue declared him a kyng the whiche the Senate tooke moste grieuously for your sake For the Tribuneship is yours not the Senates Yet yée could not plainly accuse that man or bring him to iudgement bycause of hys mightie armies whiche belonging to the publique state he chalenged for hys priuate pleasure the whiche entendyng to be reuenged of the reste of his Tyrannie coniured agaynst his body The sentence did necessarily procéede from the beste the seate was done of a fewe So soone as it was done the Senate decreed it a common agréement and that openly that the rewardes for killyng Tirannes might be put in vre Antony staying that vnder a pretence of tumulte and we not thinkyng our selues worthy rewarde to the Citie rather than by it to helpe our countrey this was stayed bycause they would not any contumely should be shewed to Caesar but only a releasement of his Tyrannie euery man decreeyng a for getfulnesse as a thing of moste suretie that no matter shoulde bee made of the murder Antony by litle and litle withdrawing the people from vs the Senate gaue vs great offices of prouinces and armies commaunding all the lande betwéene Ionia Syria to obey vs whether punishing as offendours or honoring ve with solemne purple with mases and Sergeants by the whiche reason they called Pompey from banishment beyng a yong man and not acquaynted with the thing but onely bicause he was Sonne to Pompey the great who trauayled for the peoples rule and bycause he was secretely in Spaine to auoyde tyrannie they restored him to the value of his fathers goodes by the common treasure and made him ruler of the sea that he mighte haue some authoritie beyng of the peoples faction What other acte or token of the Senate do yée require than that all this was done by their sentence onlesse it be not inough to confesse it by worde but to do it say it and togither with their sayings to rewarde you with great gifts bicause wheÌ„ they say it they can performe it Now you know how men be haÌ„dled they be proscribed without iudgement their goodes be publicate they be killed without sentence in their houses in theyr porches in the Temples of Souldiours of seruants of their enimies drawen from their priuie houses and pursued in euery place Where the law permitteth a man that will to flée into the common place where neuer no enimies head was brought but only armour shippe stems now the heds of Consuls of Pretors of
Tribunes of Questors and of Gentlemen be brought and a rewarde appointed for the euill This is an insurrection most cruell that euer was against all sortes a sodaine slaughter of men and a straunge hate of women children fréemade men â–ª and seruaunts so farre and to suche a change is our citie turned The authors of all this mischiefe be the thrée men whiche afore other haue proscribed their brethren their vncles answearyng one an other our Citie menne say was taken of the wilde barbarous Yet the Celtes cut off no heads nor vsed villany with theÌ„ they toke nor prohibited any man to hyde himself or flée that warre neither did we euer vse any citie so which we haue takeÌ„ by force neither haue we persuaded other to do that now not a priuate citie but the chief of al doth suffer of them that affirme they do reforme and direct the common wealth What like thing did Tarquinius whom for the iniurie done to one woman that procéeding of loue being a king they banished and for this only act could neuer abide a kingdome And whiles these thrée O citizens do thus they terme vs seditious say they wil reueÌ„ge Caesar They do proscribe theÌ„ that were not present wheÌ„ he was killed of y which here be many whoÌ„ you sée being coÌ„deÌ„ned for their riches or houses or for fauoring the peoples gouernmeÌ„t By the which reason PoÌ„pey also was proscribed with vs beyng far of in Iberia when we did the déede bicause he is desceÌ„ded of a father that loued the peoples state for that he was called home of the Senate made admirall of the sea he is of these thrée men coÌ„deÌ„ned to death Did womeÌ„ conspire against Caesar whome they haue condeÌ„ned in a paymeÌ„t What did an 100000. of the people whoÌ„ they haue coÌ„demned to pay vpoÌ„ payne accusations proscribed theÌ„ onlesse they do it whereof they ought to be frée And they that with al they haue done caÌ„not yet performe theyr promise to their Souldiours we that haue done no wrong haue performed our promise to you reserue to do more when time should serue Thus God hath shewed his helpe to vs doing iustly and with God you haue now to consider men whoÌ„ you sée here your Citizens whoÌ„ you haue séene your Pretors your CoÌ„suls many times with prayse now you sée theÌ„ fleyng to you as to well doers louers of the people taking our part wishing wel to the rest that we shal take in hand More iust rewards be propounded of vs to the preseruers of theÌ„ than theirs that would destroy theÌ„ They care not for vs that killed C. Caesar that would haue ruled alone others that were with vs which remain in despite of his tiraÌ„nie take not the rule to theÌ„selues but leaue it to the people according to the country lawes This war is not takeÌ„ of like cause They make it for power tirannie whiche they haue shewed in their proclamatioÌ„ we make it for no such matter but only that our couÌ„trey being set frée we may liue priuatly vnder y lawes in order al good men the Goddes chiefly do iudge our cause The best hope to him y maketh warre is his iust cause Let it not trouble vs though we haue serued vnder Caesar for we serued not vnder him but vnder our couÌ„trie The gifts that were giuen were not Caesars but y couÌ„tries publique neither is this y armie of Bâ—â—tus or Cassiw but y Romanes we being your felow soldiours Romane captaynes Whiche if they that make warre against vs would vnderstaÌ„d euery maÌ„ might safely lay downe his armure reÌ„der all the armies to y citie make choyse of such as might be profitable to it which we only desire But seing they wil not chose this for y wicked tyraÌ„nie they haue shewed let vs O warre felows go to it with sure hope to serue as frée the Romane Senate people for their libertie Then euery maÌ„ cried let vs go let vs go we desire to marche out of hande Cassius being glad of this forwardnesse caused sileÌ„ce to be made againe thus sayd All the Gods y be Lords of warre requite O war felows your faith proÌ„ptnesse Now then vnderstand what prouistoÌ„ we that be your Captaines haue made as men y be fauoured of the Gods how farre we excéede our enimies in number goodnesse We haue armed legions equall with them we haue fortified our places with good garde as wel as they in horsmen nauies we do passe them in aliance of kings princes nations from Asia we surmount theÌ„ They come vpoÌ„ vs only on y face we go vpon them on the backe also For we haue Pompey in Sicelie Murcus in Ionia Norbanus also lieth with a great nauie two legions to stoppe their passage by sea all places behinde vs be voyde of enimies both by land sea As for mony whiche some call y strength of warre they want neither can performe their promise to their old soldiours nor exact so much of y condeÌ„ned men as they supposed bycause none of their frends is willing to buy y places which they haue put to sale otherwise they can get nothing for Italy is wasted with sedition tributes condeÌ„nations We with great care haue got present pleÌ„ty wherewith we may gratifie you agayne and muche more collected of the nations behynde vs to bée broughte vnto vs And victuall the greatest wante to mighty armies they haue none but onely from Macedonia a mountaine countrie and Thessalia a straight region whiche with great toyle they muste conuey by lande For if any thyng be brought them from Affrica Lucania or Iapigia Pompeius Murcus and Domitius shall shutte them vp We bothe haue and shall haue from the Sea the Ilandes and all places of the continent euery day without any difficultie betweene Thracia and the floudde Euphrates and that without daunger no enimy beyng at our backeâ— wherefore it is in our power to doe our feate wyth spéede or to doe at leysure to consume our enimies with hunger Thys haue you O felow Souldiours by mans prouision the reste shall answeare in order thorough you and the Gods. We haue gyuen you for former matter all that we promysed you requityng your fayth with multitude of gyfts the greater labour wée will worthily recompence accordyng to the determination of the Goddes And nowe to them that shall chéerefully goe to this feate for thys assembly exhortatioÌ„s sake we wil giue now euen from thys seate to a Souldiour a thousande fiue hundreth Drammes of Italie to a Capitayne of a bande fiue tymes so muche and to a Tribune accordyng to the proportion When hee had sayde thus and encamped his army with worke worde and gyftes hée dismissed the multitude They remayned praysing Brâ—tus and hym very muche and promysed to doe for them all that shoulde bée conuenient They gaue then the gyftes out
of hande and other beside these to the beste sorte for many considerations And as they receyued they sente them foorth in bandes to Dorisco and they folowed not long after At thys tyme twoo Eagles sate vpon the twoo siluer Egles in the standerde beatyng at them or as some say coueryng them and tarried still and were fedde with publique prouision appoynted from the Generalles and the night before the day of the battell they flewe away In two dayes coÌ„myng to the gulfe of Melana they went to Oeno and from Oeno to Dorisco and other places to the mounte Serrio which stretchyng to the sea they kepte stil by lande They commaunded Tullius Cymbrus with a nauie and one legion and certayne Archers to goe by that chast which before had bin deserte although the land was good the Thracians neyther vsing the Sea nor for feare receyuing them that came from the contrary coast The Grecians and the Calcidonians kéeping that shoâ—e and vsing the Sea flourished in Merchaundise and tyllage the Thracians agréeyng with them for the receypt of their Mountaynes till Philip Amyntas sonne did ouercome the Chaldeans and others so as nothing is to be seene of the passengers but onely a little Chappell This desert place Tullius quickly passed ouer so as for Brutus company he espyed a fitte place and measured it for the Campe kéeping that same course with his Shippes in so much as Norbanus lefte the streight of the Saporians as vnprofitable to bée kept which things happened as they desired for at the sighte of these Shippes Norbanus was troubled of Saporia and called Ceditius from Turpilio to come to hym in hast and he did so The streightes of Turpilio being left Brutus men wente on the deceyte appearing Norbanus and Ceditius toke Sapeio manfully so as Brutus people could not passe â–ª wherfore they were afrayde least they must now goe aboute as they shoulde haue done at the begynning and to passe euery place besette not hauing time conuenient for it bycause of the Mountaines and the season of the yeare Standing in this stay Rascopolis sayde vnto them there was a way by a compasse to the Mountayne of the Sapeorans of thrée dayes iourney neuer gone of men before for the sharp Rockes want of water and thicknesse of wodde therefore if they woulde goe it they must carrie water and passe a streight way yet passable and this iourney for the solitarinesse the very birdes could not discouer The fourth day they should haue the floud Arpesso running into the floud Ermoâ— from whence in one day going to Philip they mighte sette on their enimies of the suddayne whome they might so ouercome bycaâ—se they had none other shift The Souldioures being taughte thys way for lacke of other and in hope to take their enimies at the aduantage a part was sente with Lucius Bibulus appoynting Rascopolis to guide the waye With greate payne and laboure they wente on and made it yet with courage and good hearte the rather bycause same that were sent afore returned and sayde they sawe a floude a farre off The fourth daye being tyred wyth the sharpenesse of the iourney and troubled wyth thyrst their water béeing spente whiche they braughte for thrée â—ayes bycause it was sayde there was no water they beganne to feare least they were deceyued not that they dyd not beléeue them that sayde they sawe the floude but bycause they thoughte they were ledde a wrong way and therefore beganne to exclayme and crye and when Rascopolâ— came to them to encourage them they reuiled him and threw stones at hym Bibulus humbly besought them that they woulde paciently abyde the rest of the iourney A little before nyghte the floude was séene of the formost and streyght an eskrie was made as reason was with greate gladnesse whyche béeyng receyued of them that followed if came to the hyndermost Brutus and Cassius vnderstandyng this ledde the rest of theyâ— armie thys harde way but the crie was so greate as it was hearde of the enimies whereby they coulde not preuente them for Rascus brother to Rascopolu hearyng the crie suspected it was the enimie and maruelled so greate an armye coulde passe so harde a iourney voyde of water whyche scarcely was passable to the wylde beastes for the hyghnesse of the woodes and hée streyghte tolde Nâ—â— banus of it who fledde from the streyghtes to Amphipoli Thus both these Thracian bréethren holpe theyr armyes the one in leadyng an vnknowen way the other in descrying what was done So Bâ—utus Souldyours with maruellous boldnesse came to Philippi whyther also arriued Tullius so as all the army mette Thys Citie Philippi was called before Date and fyrste Crenida bycause many fountaynes which in Greeke bée called Crene do flowe from the Mountaynes This place very fytte for the Thracians Philip walled aboute and called it of hys name Philippi This Citie is builded vpoÌ„ an hygh hyll the greatnesse whereof comprised the breadth of the same On the North side it hathe wooddes and hylles by the whyche Rascopolu brought Brutus and Cassius army On the South side is a Fenne and beyonde that a Sea where from the East the streyghtes of Sapeon and Torpilos bee séene from the Weast a large fielde as farre as Murcinae and Drabisco and the floud Strameno three hundred and fifty furlongs about very plentifull and fayre where they saye it chanced a mayde was rauished as she gathered floures There is the floud Zygastes in the whych as they report a God brake his Chariot as he passed ouer whereof the floud had the name The playne bendeth downeward so as it is a receypte to them that marche from aboue from Philippi againste them that sette from Amphipolu There is another hyll at Philippi not greate whome they call Dionisio in the which be mynes of golde called vntouchable And goyng from Philippi a myle and more there be two other hylles standing two mile from Philippi and more asunder In these dyd they encampe Cassius towarde the South and Brutus towarde the North not myndyng to followe Norbanus bycause they hearde that Antony was at hand Caesar remaining at Epidamnum for sicknesse The fielde was knowen to bée fayre for a battayle and the hylles for a Campe and aboute it on the one syde Fennes and waters to Strymo and on the other side streightes desertes and vnpassed pathes In the middest of the hylles a myle ouer was the way betwéene Asia and Europe as a gate Thys place they fortifyed with trenche to trench leauing a gate in the middest that it séemed but one â—â—â—pe There was a floude nygh whyche some call Ganga and some Gangites And behynde that the Sea by the whyche they hadde theyr prouiston with passage and entrie They had made Thasus the â—â—orehouse of their prouiâ—ion being â—ij â—â—â—â— off wyth their Gallyes had passage to Nea a Citie â—â—xe myle from them and they ioyning in this
place trayâ—â—â— theyr Army Antony came on with great hast insending to get Amphibolâ—â— for the stay of the warre which finding possessed of Nâ—râ—anus he was glad and there he lefte the furniture for the warre wyth one Legion which Pâ—â—arius ledde He wente on boldly and Camped in the fielde but a myle from his enimies and streighte was séene the want and abundance of both armies The one was aboue in frutefull ground the other beneath in a bottome They had wodde from the Mountaynes these from the Fenne They had their water from the Riuer these from the pooles and pittes which they digged for the time They hadde their victuals from Thaso a fewe furlongs from them these from Amphipole aboue fiftie myles off It séemed that Antony was driuen thus to do bycause there was no more good grounde and the playne béeing hollowe in the whych by reason of the ouerflowyng of the floud sometime he found the water both swéete and sufficiente by making welles and pittes Thys boldnesse although it procéeded of necessitie yet it astonished his enimies that so nygh and so soone he was encamped with suche a contempte wherefore they made manye Trenches and fortifyed euery place with walles and rampyers Cassius séeyng Antonyes furie so greate entrenched that was left to the Fenne being omitted for the streightenesse so that no parte was vndefenced but a syde of Brutus whyche was hyllie Cassius hadde the Fenne and the Sea all the rest béeyng taken in with Trenches ditches and gates Thus they both were placed Onely wyth their Horsemen sometime they skirmished When all things were prouided and Caesar some yet not able to fighte for he came in a litter to hys armye hys Captayne 's sette themselues in order to fyghte and Brutus dyd the lyke from the higher place easie to be séene and yet intended not to come downe but to waste theyr Enimie wyth wante either of them had ninetéene legions of armed footemen But they that were with Brutus were the selver in number they that were with Caesar were the more Of Thracia hors meÌ„ there were with Caesar and Antâ—nie aboue thirtene thousand with Brutus and Cassius twenty thousand so as for multitude of men for boldenesse and vertue of Captaines for armoure and furniture of Souldioures there was most goodly shew on both sides Yet they did nothing many daies bycause Biutus woulde not strike the battell but consume them with stopping of victuall from their enimies They hadde al Asia to serue them and the nighe places to bring them all thing by the sea but the enimie hadde little neither susficient nor certain For from Aegipt they could receiue nothing bicause of the dearth that had wasted the couÌ„trey nor froÌ„ Spaine nor Affrica bycause of Pompey nor froÌ„ Italy bycause of Murcus Domitius and Macedonia Thessalia could not by a great deale supplie their want whiche places they onely had for their succor And that was the cause why Brutus refused battaile Antonie fearing this determined in any wise to giue the battel if it were possible to make the Fen passable that he might come vpon the backe of the enimy and take their victuall that came from Thase Therfore on a tyme bringing his men foorth in order of battaile with banner displayde he appointed a parte of his armye bothe by night and daye to make a straighte pathe in the same cutting downe the réedes and laying tymber and stones of eyther side so as they shoulde not shrinke The foundation wherof he pyled and made strong with maruellous silence The thicknssee of the réeds tooke away the sight of the worke And when theâ— had wrought tenne dayes he sent certaine bandes the direct way and the space lefte betwéene he tooke and made many Towers Cassius maruelling at the deuise and pollicie and intending to defeate the Castells made of Antony entrenched all the residue of the Fenne beginning from the campe to the sea pauing and making bridges and ditches vpon the sure ground taking in also the waye that Antony hadde made that neyther they that were there could go abroad nor he helpe them though he woulde Antony perceyuing this about midde day in a rage and furie brought his whole army being otherwise appointed and turned theâ— vppon the forâ—ification of Cassius between the Campe and the Fenne bringing engins and scales as though he woulde charge vppon his Campe. In doing this betwéene both armies with great boldnesse Brutus Souldioures were grieued thinking it a shame for them to let them so escape and wythoute comm â—â—â—ement sauing of one Capitaine they sette vppon theyr flaâ—ke Brutus menne hauyng thus begonne the matter gaue a charge vppon Caesars army that was in a readinesse and putte them from their place and tooke their Campe whiche was common to Caesar and Antony Caesar hymselfe was absent shifting off that day for a dreame he hadde as hée writeth in his booke of Remembraunces Antony séeing the fight to be begunne was gladde he had brought the enimie to it yet he thoughte not good to turne into the playne leaste hée shoulde disturbe his battaile Therefore to doe the rest wyth that fierâ—enesse he beganne in running manner he marched and mounted vp for all the resistaunâ—e that was made and by very vehement force beat backe the battaile of Cassius kéepyng the order that was appointed them they being astonished at thys feate done beyonde all reason When Antony hadde thus broken them he brake down the ouerthwart trench with vtolence filling the ditche and stinging downe the rampires and all the rest to the gate where he diâ—â—ressed the warders and entred for all the weapons that were throwne vppon him Some passed ouer the broken walles some ouer the dead bodyes and al was doone so ftercelye and so sodainelye as they that came oute of the Fenne to helpe them were driueâ— backe againe of them that had gotte the wall wyth the lyke vehemencie and they only that were with Antony entred into Cassius Campe the other stil fighting without The campe was thought to be stroÌ„g therefore fewe kept it whiche was the cause why it was the more easily taken The soldtors of Cassius being thus put to the worse and knowing that their campe was taken fled verye coÌ„fusedly the matter was equal on both sids for Erutus ouercame Caesars battell and lodged in his campe Antony ouerthrew Cassius with a maruellous bolâ—enesse and spoyled his campe The slaughter was confused for by the greatnesse of y playne raysing of the duste one knewe not another till sometimes they asked and then called them to their due places Some retourned loaden with gere like Cariers rather than soldiors which some threw away tooke from them There was no reioycing one with another bicause it was not wel knowne what was doâ—â— so there was much confusion On Cassius side numbring siaues al sorts was slaine â–ª viij M. of Caesars twice
Souldyoure And I thynke he spake no more to hyde that he most feared least the armye that sometyme serued Caesar woulde take occasion to reuolte whyche at the beginning both Cassius and he feared so as they gaue none occasion to them of any offence This Brutus was brought vnwillingly to sette hys men in order before the Trenche wylling them not to marche farre from the byll that they myghte haue theyr retyre if néede were nigh and bée the surer and the more easie to marche agaynste their enimies agayne Of both sides there was greate preparation of all thinges and a greate desire of the feate with a boldnesse of necessitie the one for feare of hunger the other of iust reuerence compellyng the Captayne to come forthe that they shoulde not be worse than theyr promise nor weaker than theyr wordes and bée thoughte rather gilty of payne for theyr rashnesse than worthye of prayse for theyr good counsell Brutus goyng among them on Horsebacke shewed a seuere countenance and exhorted them in fewe wordes as the tyme woulde serue You would néedes fight you would needes force me otherwise hauyng the victory do not deceyue neyther me nor your selues of thys hope You haue an hyll to fyghte with you and at youre backe all is youres You re enimies be in doubtfuli case beyng betwéene you and famine Hauyng sayde thus he rode aboute and encouraged all the bandes and wyth crye they receyuing hym to hys greate prayse Caesar and Antony goyng aboute they re offered theyr ryghte handes to them that were nexte and seuerally exhorted them and dyd not hyde theyr hunger that they myghte stirre them to the more presente boldnesse We haue founde O men our enimies We haue them as wée desired out of theyr Trenche Lette none of you be afrayd to gyue the charge nor gyue place when you be sette vpon nor lette hym rather chose famine and dolorous destruction that can not bée auoyded than oure ennimies death and bodyes whyche to youre boldnesse weapons and trauayle they will easily gyue The presente case requireth speedinesse You maye deferre nothyng tyll to morrowe but thys daye must determine all thynges eyther wyth perâ—â—te victorie or valiant deathe If you haue victory you shall winne in one daye victuall and money Shyppes and Campes and rewardes of victory of vs Thys wée must remember that when we gyue the charge vpon them wée doe fyrste purpose in the myddest of theyr force and forwardnesse to shutte them from theyr Campe and to dryue them to the playne from the hylles that the warre be not to bée begunne agayne nor that oure enimies dryue vs not to idlenesse agayne whyche for theyr faynienesse haue no hope in fighte but put all theyr trust in retrayning from battell Caesar and Antonius after thys sorte exhorted theyr Souldyoures and euery man hadde a respect to appeare worthye Souldyoures for suche Captaynes and they were the more styrred to auoyde the wante for the suddayne losse in the Ionian Sea and those rather wyth payne and hope if néede were to abyde the vttermost than to be consumed wyth an euill that cannot bee auoyded The matter standyng thus and euery one moued agaynste hym that was next the anger of both sides encreased very much and they were filled with boldnesse incessable And nowe they dyd not remember that they were Citizens togyther but as enimies by nature and bloude they threatned one another so suddaynely hadde rage and furie in them quenched nature and reason They prophecyed alyhe of both sydes that that daye in that feate should iudge all the Romaine causes And the iudgemente was gyuen in déede The day béeyng spente in preparation tyll the ninth houre two Eagles falling betwéene both Campes soughte togyther at the which was great silence that Eagle flying that was toward Brutus whereat a shrill crye was made of the enimies Both broughte forthe theyr standardes The marche was fierce and vehement They little néeded arrowes stones or dartes after the manner of warre for they vsed none other comming on than the order of battell wherein they were broughte vp and they buckled wyth naked swordes and layde on of eyther syde to put one another from theyr ray the one for theyr safetie rather than for victorie the other for victory and comforte of theyr Captayne whome they had prouoked to fighte The slaughter and the fightes were great The bodyes were beene away and other were put in theyr places to serue the former rankes The Captayne 's riding aboute and beholding euery where encouraged them to be valiante They comforted them that â—â—â—ke paynes to continue still their laboure Those that shrunke they changed that their boldnesse that were in the fronte myght bée continued At length the Souldyoures of Caesar eyther for feare of famine or for Caesars feâ—â—citie for Brutus men were not to be blamed ouercame the battell of their enimies and putte them backe as an heape of an heauie masse yet they turned agayne into theyr place slowly and wyth order but when their ray was broken they went away faster and the second and third bande turned wyth them and disorderedly thrusting one vpon another were broken of themselues and of theyr enimies that withoute stay pursued them tyll they â—ledde euidently And Caesars â—ould youres then remembryng theyr promise chiefly fiercely followyng them gaue an assaulte vppon theyr Campe very daungerously and on euery â—â—de so sette vppon them that they compelled them to slée whereof some wente towarde the Sea and the hylles by the floude Zygatâ— Thys alteration béeyng made the Gâ—nerallâ—s diuided the rest of the 〈…〉 Caesar to kéepe them that fledde from theyr Campe and to holde the Campe hymselfe Antony to followe the fléers and to ouerthrowe the remainers to assaulte their other Campes and wyth â—â—dent violence to putte all to ruyne And fearing that the Captaynes myghte escape hym and gather another armye he sente hys Horsemen to the wayes and issues of the filde to stoppe them that â—â—edâ—e Some wente from hyll to hyll Rascus the Captayne béeyng theyr gâ—yde bycause of hys experience in the way and passed by the trenches and rocky places chacing them that fledde and kéeping other from fleeyng Some followed Brutus hymselfe When Lucinus sawe them so fast running after hym he stayde and as though he had bin Brutus prayed them he myghte be ledde to Antonie and not to Caesar by the whiche he was the rather thoughte to be Brutus in auoydyng hys vnplacable enimie Antony vnderstandyng hée was broughte to hym wente towarde hym in good order considering the fortune the woorthynesse and vertue of the man and howe he myght vse hym Béeyng at hande Lâ—cinus méetyng wyth hym verye boldly sayde Brutus is not taken neyther shall vertue euer be taken of viâ—e I deceyuing these men thus am before thée At the whiche worde the Horsemen béeyng ashamed Antony to comfort them sayde â–ª You haue hunted none 〈◊〉 game but better than you thynke so muche is
a Friende better than an Enimie and committed Lucinus to wayte vpon one of his friends and after vsed hym as hys assured Brutus fledde to the mountaynes with a conuenient multitude that in the night he might returne to hys campe or take hys way by the sea But when he hearde all passages were kepte hee continued with all his people in armes And they say hée looked vp to the Starres saying O Iupiter thou knowest who is the cause of these euils meaning Antonie which they say Antonie after in his priuate perils did confesse saying That where he might haue ruled with Brutus Cassius he was now a slaue to Octauio That night Antonie continued in armes that he might haue Brutus makyng a trench of dead bodies and of the baggage brought togither Caesar labouring till midnight â–ª withdrew himselfe for sicknesse committyng the charge of the army to Norbanus Brutus perceiuing what wayte his enimies made for him and hauing no more but foure legious where with he was wel warded desired the chiefe of his host whiche now were ashamed and repented of their act to sende to sée how they might make way to passe the traynes and to recouer their owne that was kept in the abaÌ„doned tentes They being vnwilling and now considering more than they did and that God was agaynst them tolde their Generall they had giuen him euill counsell and they hauing tried fortune so oft woulde not now put any more hope in their matter Then Brutus sayde to his friendes I am no longer profitable to my Countrey Hée called one of his moste trusty friendes named Sâ—rato of Epirâ— and wylled hym to kyll hym ouâ— of hande who entreatyng hym to take better aduice called â–ª one of hys seruauntes and sayde O Brutus in thy laste commaundement thou shalte not wante neyther thy friende nor thy seruaunt And hauyng thus sayde hée thruste hys â—â—orde into Brutus side neyther râ—sistyng nor helpyng Thus Cassius and Brutus died moste noblâ— and worthy Romanes and but â—or one faâ—te â—uer folowed vertue Whome Caâ—â—â—â— Caesar of enimies takyng Pompeyus part had made â–ª â—réendes and of friendes vsed them as his chyldren and the Senate had them euer in greate regarde and pitted their chaunce and for their twoo sakes decrâ—â—â— an acte of obliuion of all thyngs and when they â—lâ—â—de sente them to prouinces that they shoulde not séeme to flée â–ª Not omittyng yet the honour of Caesar nor forgettyng hys feates of whose vertue and fortune they maruelled beyng aliue and when hée was dead buryed him with publique expence and proclaymed hys workes to bée immortal â–ª â— apoynted offices prouinces for y most part by his assignement â–ª not findyng any thyng better than Caesar had determined But the care and regard for these men brought them into a suspition of false accusation they were so honored of al men And of the best of the banyshed men they were thought most honorable though Pompey were at hande whose cause was not vnpardonable and they farre off and voyde of reconciliation needyng many things scarsly hauing two legions They gathered after twentie legions and as many thousand horsemen and about â–ª twoo hundred long shippes with other sufficient furniture and money moste plentifull of the willyng and vnwillyng nations and Cities that they ouercame and their enimies of the contrary faction They hadde the rule of all the Realmes from Macedonia to Euphrates and whome soeuer they ouercame they brought them to their societie â–ª and hadde them moste trusty they vsed Kings and Princes and the Parthians although their enimies in matters of small accompt but when they came to greate thyngs they coulde not abide them bycause they woulde not accustome a barbarous and hostile nation among the Romanes And moste maruell of all it is that their army beyng the moste parte of Caius Caesars and desirous of his felicitie for good will and affection they coulde turne to the contrary parte to him being killers of him and wente with them agaynst Caesars Sonne and more faythfull to them than to Antony fellow in rule and enterpryse with â—ctaâ—ian For none of them lefte Brutus or Cassius when they were ouercome But Antonie at Brunduse they forsoke before the triall The pretence of paynes bothe vnder Pompey and nowe was not for themselues but for the name of the peoples gouernment ouer glorious but not commodious For bothe of them when they sawe they coulde bée no longer profitable to their countrey dispatched themselues alike â–ª In their seuerall considerations Cassius was iâ—â—utable as they that in the combattes will neuer gâ—ue ouer onely hauyng regarde to the daunger But Brutus in euery place was full of affabilitie and gentlenesse and not ignoraunt of Philosophy Yet by these men the acte agaynst Caesar was done contrary in all thyng beyng no simple worke nor in no small matter for it was agaynst their fréende contrary to reason and agaynst their well doer vnthankfully whome hâ—e had saued in the warre and agaynst the chiefe ruler iniustly in the Senate house and agaynst an holy man hauyng on an holy vesture and suche an officer as neuer was the lyke so profitable to all menne and to his countrie and Empire The whiche God did punishe in them and many times gaue tokens of it For when Cassius was purgyng his hoste the Sergeant put on the crowâ—e the wrong way and hys golden consecrate vesture of victory fell to the grounde many greate byrdes sitting vpon the campe made no noyse and swarmes of Bées were continually aboute him Brutus they say celebratyng hys birthe day in â—amo vpon the sea beyng nothyng mery aboute it without occasion did caste forth this verse But me cruel destenie and Lâ—tones sonne doth destroy Goyng with his army betwéene Asia and Europa and watchyng in the night when lighte fayled a fearefull shape appeared to hym Whome hée boldly askyng what man or God hée was the vision answeared I am Brutus thyne euill lucke and at Philippi I will appeare agayne vnto thée And they say he sawe hym there before the laste fight and when the armie wente out of the campe an Ethiopian mette them whome as an euill token they killed In these things also was a diuine worke That Cassius in victorie yet indifferent gaue ouer all hope without any cause and Brutus dryuen from hys good determination of refrayning fighte fallyng into the handes of them that were forced by famine hymselfe hauyng plentyfull foode and shippes at commandement and was rather ouercome of hys â—amâ—â—iers than of hys enimies and where they had fought many fieldes they neuer had no hurte Bothe of them were killers of themselues as they were of Caesar Thus Cassius and Brutus were punished Brutus body beyng founde Antonie cladde it with a purple pall and when hee had vsed it with fire hee sente the relikes to hys mother Seruilia Brutus army when they hearde hée
they did and drewe to the side of Antonyes Shippe where they saluted and embraced one another and the armye of Aenobarbus receyued Antony for theyr Generall yet was Plancus scarsly assured And Antonie tooke Aenobarbus into his owne ship and sayled to Poloenta where Aenobarbus had his footemen And there Aenobarbus gaue place to Antonie in the Generals tent From thence they sayled to Brunduse where was fiue bandes of Casars in garrison The Brundusians shut the gates to Aenobarbus as an auncient enimie and to Antonie as one that brought an enâ—nie Antonie tooke this pretence to be done by Caesars commaundement and therefore fortified the narrow parte of earth that ioyned to the Citie with ditche and trenche For this citie is almoste an Iland in a porte lyke a crescent whiche by lande could not be come vnto when this cliffe was cutte from it and the place fortified Antonie also did beset the hauen which is very great and all the Ilandes in it with many Castels that hée made He sent also into sundry coastes of Italy to take the fitte places and exhorted Pompey also that hée should inuade Italie as much as he coulde He gladly sent Menodorus with a great army .iiij. legions to gette Corsica which was Caesars where he tooke two legions beyng amased at this attonement with Antonie Antonies Captaynes tooke Sigunto a citie in Ausonia Pompey befleged Thurij and Cossentia placed his horsemen in their fieldes Caesar troubled in so many places at once sent Agrippa to releue Ausoniae He commaunded the Souldiours that were placed to serue but they vnderstandyng that it was done by Antonies coÌ„sent denied whiche troubled Caesar moste of all Yet he wente to Brunduse with an other army and by fayre wordes made the soldiours to go with him the whiche practised by secrete meanes to reconcile Caesar and Antonie And if Antonie woulde not they woulde sticke to Caesar who was now sicke at Canusio and had a greater armie than Antonie When he was come to Brunduse sawe how Antonie had cut off the lande from the Towne hée lay and wayted his aduersaries dayngs Antonie was stronger in munitions by the meane whereof he sente for his armie out of Macedonie and vsed this policie to put country men by nighte into his shippes bothe Galleys and other and to make a shewe of a great army to come from Macedonia and so began to beate Brunduse whereof Caesar was sory for he coulde not helpe it At that euening it was tolde that Agrippa had recouered Siguntum and that Pompey was repulsed from Thurio and that Cossence was still beséeged whereat Antony was sory And hearing that Seruilius was comming to Caesar with one thousande and two huÌ„dreth horse he could not stay but straight froÌ„ supper with greate rage tooke his fréendes and .iiij. C. horse and valiantly gaue the onset vpon a M. and v. C. and tooke them sléepyng at Vria and brought to Brunduse So great a fame was still of him for the victory hée gotte at Philippi The garde of his person would come to Caesars campe and vpbrayde them their vnkindnesse to hym that saued them at Philippi Who answeared that they did but defende themselues Then they obiected one agaynst an other The one that they were excluded from Brundusio and that the armie of Calenus was taken from them The other that Brunduse was besieged and that the coast was inuaded and aliance made with Aenobarbus a killer of Caesar and with Pompey a chief enimie At length Caesars men opened their minde to Antonies that they felowed Caesar not forgettyng Antonie beyng desirous that they might be reconciled But it Antonie would not relent they woulde do their vttermost And this talke had they in Antonies campe Whyles this was a doyng newes came that Antonies wyfe was dead who coulde not beare hys vnkyndnesse leauyng hir sicke not bidding hyr farewell Hir death was thought very coÌ„modious for them both For Fuluis was an vnquiet woman for ielousie of Cleopatra raysed suche a mortall warre Yet the matter vexed Antony bicause he was â—uÌ„pted the occasion of hir death L. Cocceius was fréend to theÌ„ both He the Sommer before was sente of Caesar with Cecinna to Antonie into Asia and Antonie sente Cecinna home kept Cocceius still He séekyng occasioÌ„ to trie Antonie told him Caesar had seÌ„t for him desired he might departe asked whether hée woulde wryte to Caesar or no Antonie was content hée should departe But as for wrytyng sayde hée what shoulde we wryte but tauntes one to an other seyng wée are nowe enimies And I wrote to hym by Cecinna the copie whereof you shall haue if you wyll I brought you letters from hym sayde Cocceius and enimie you can not take hym that vsed your brother Lucius and your other fréendes so well Why quoth Antonie hée shutteth me out of Brunduse and hath taken myne armie and prouince that Calenus kepte And where hée is good to my fréendes hée hath made them by hys benefites mine enimies Then Cocceius not mindyng furder to stirre so angry a man departed And when Caesar saw hym marueling he had tarried so long sayde â–ª I haue not saued your brother that you should become mine enimie how cal you sayd he your freÌ„ds enimies take froÌ„ them their armies prouinces wherto Caesar sayd After the death of Calenus so great a charge ought not to be giuen to so yong a man as Calenus sonne Antonie being absent Lucius Asinius Aenobarbus in armes against me As for PlaÌ„cus legions I intercepted that they shoulde not go to Pompey as the horsemen did These things were tolde otherwise to Antonie sayde he yet he beléeued nothing till he was shutte from Brunduse I knewe not of it sayde Caesar neyther did I commaunde it the Brundusians the garrison that I left could not abide him when hée brought with him Aenobarbus a killed of Caesar and a proscribed maÌ„ who after the field at Philippi beséeâ—ged Brunduse and yet troubleth the coast of Italie burned my shippes spoyled the countrey You haue sayd he coÌ„sented one to the other to make alliance with whom ye wil. Neither haue Antonie ioyned with any manqueller more than you haue for regard of your father Aenobarbus is no man killer neyther any decrée of anger made against him neither was he priuie to that purpose And if he be thought vnworthy pardon bicause he was fréend to Brutus then must we sée whether al other be not in his case CoÌ„federacie is made with Pompey not to hurte you but if you make warre vpon Antonie to haue his societie if not to reconcile hym to you who is boyde of faulte but you are in the faulte For if warre had not bene made in Italie they durste neuer haue sente Embassages to Antonie Caesar replied and sayde that Fuluia Lucius and Manius began the warre in Italy And Pompey durst neuer before inuade the coast of
with such force as he slitte it They that fought in the toppe fell downe the water entred the lower sorte were drowned and the other escaped by swimmyng Papia beyng receyued into another shippe fought agayne Pompey standyng vpon an hyll and perceiuing that his shippes were too weake and weary and Agrippa continually refreshed with the rerewarde commaunded them to retyre in order whiche they did in a shewe of fight But when Agrippa folowed they fledde not to the rockes but to the softe ooze that was brought in by the flouddes Agrippa being aduertised by hys Maisters not to aduenture in those shalowes did caste anchor abroade as though he would giue a new charge if néede were in the night But beyng admonished not to folow anger more than reason and not ouer-labour the weary Soldiour with watchyng nor trust too muche the caulmenesse of the Sea he hardely departed Pompeis men got to their portes when they had loste thirtie shippes of the enimies fiue were drowned and many hurt Pompey praysed them for so manly resistyng the greate shippes whiche hée sayde seemed to him not a fighte by sea but an assaulte of a wall and rewarded them as victours puttyng them in hope that in that narrow Sea their shippes woulde euer be the better and that they might so be hée woulde adde somewhat to theyr height This was the ende of the fighte by sea at Myla betwéene Agrippa and Papia Caesar in the meane season sayled from Sylati◠to Leucopatra being certified that Pompey was gone from Messina to Myla bicause of Agrippa and when he was determined to haue passed from Leucopatra to Tauromeno by night after he had heard of the late fight he chāged his purpose thought it more for his honour to passe by day For he beleued that Pompey woulde not long tary nigh Agrippa And when day was come he looked from the moūtaynes and could haue no sight of his enimie he filled his nauy with as many as might be cōmitting the reste to Messala till the ships should returne for him Aproching to Tauromeno he sumoned thē to render But they within denying it he passed y floud Onobala y tēple of Venus to Archegeta making his praiers to ouercome his enimies Archegeta is a litle image of Apollo which y Naxians that were sent to inhabite Sicilie did first erecte Goyng here out of his ship he had a fall but he rose agayne and stayed Pompey came in sight with a great nauie wherat euery mā marueled for they thought he had bene ouercome of Agrippa Hys horsemen ranged the shere to be euen with his nauy his footemen were séene on euery side The campe of Caesar was afrayde himselfe dismayde bicause he could not sende for Messala The horsemen set vpon the enimie as they were planting their cāpe And if an onset had bene giuen by sea also it had bene like that Pompey had done a great feate but for lacke of knowledge of warre and not vnderstanding in what feare the enimie was and doubting to begin the fight so late they wente to harborough at Coccineo and the footemen to Phenice to haue some distance from their enimie That night was quiet and Caesars men had leysure to finishe their trench but for labour and watche they were vnfitte to fight Caesar had thrée legions fiue hundreth gentlemen without horse one thousand light harnesse two thousand venturers his soldiours for the sea Deliuering his footemen to Cornificio to resist the enimie as much as he could by land he before day tooke the sea before he should be shut from thence To the right battayle he appointed Titinius to the lefte Carcias In a Brigantine he went aboute the nauie and exhorted them which being done he put of his robe off honour as he was wont to doe in extreme perils Pompey twice gaue him the onset that day the night ended the fight in y which diuerse of Caesars ships were taken diuerse burned diuerse fled to Italie for all that he coulde doe which were chased of Pompey such as swāme to the lande were dispatched of the horsemen or taken some got to Cornificius campe whome he receyued sending onely light horse to conduct thē for he thought it not good to stirre his legions being out of harte the enimy so nigh in triūph of that victorie Caesar passed that night among his nauies vncerten what to do whether to sende for Cornificio amiddest the wreckes of the sea or to flée to Messala euen by chaunce departing with one onely page without seruāts soldiours or families he came to the port of Abala where some founde him out in great feare and desperation and carying him from shippe to shippe they brought him at lēgth to Messala which was not far off where before he tooke rest he sent a Brygantine to Cornificio and to all the shore to signifie that hée was alyue and promised he would shortly help them When hée had a litle rested hée wente by night to Stilida from whence Messala caried him to Carinate who was ready to saile with thrée legions whome hée willed to go to Lipari and hée woulde folow streyght He wrote also to Agrippa to deliuer Cornificio from daunger so soone as he could and sent Laronio to help with spéede He sente Macenas agayne to the citie bycause some went aboute newe troubles which were punished openly He sente Messala to Purzolo to bryng the firste legion This Messala was condemned at Rome of the thrée menne and rewarde was promised to them that would kill him Then he fledde to Brutus and Cassius and after their death he gaue himselfe and hys nauie to Antonie This I thought good to remember as an example of the Romane vertue that where Messala had hym that condemned him in hys power cast into vtter desolation he restored him to his state and preserued hym Cornificius although hée might easily haue kept the enimie from the campe yet bycause hée wanted victuall hée prouoked them to battayle Pompey thought not good to fighte with them that were desperate hopyng to subdue them by famine Cornificius marched receyuing into his batayle the vnarmed that escaped the sea beyng greatly annoyed with the horsmen in the plaine which were most part Affricanes and Moores The fourth day he came to a dry place called the parchyng plotte of the fire burned dryed euen to the Sea the which the inhabitantes dare not go too but in the night so great is the heate Cornificius burst neyther passe that way in the night bycause the Moone did not shewe nor they skilfull of the way nor coulde not abide by day the heate was so intollerable Thirst could not be aswaged nor they go but fast bicause the horsemen so folowed them And being come to the issue they sawe naked men who ranne vpon them and claspyng with them
put them in daunger of choking with that which being yet troubled the soldiours were in desperatiō But Cornificius cōforted them tolde thē there was a well at hand so they put backe those rude people till they came to the well which they found possessed with other enimies of like sort Then they were vtterly out of hope For they saw an army cōming and could not tell whether it was fréend or foe but it was Zaronius whom when they that kept the well saw they fled fearing to be interclosed Whereat the weary soldiours made great ioy with shoutes cryes which Laronius answered They runne on heapes to the wel Their Captayne 's forbidding thé to drinke too hastily they that would not folow that coūsel died presently Thus beyonde all hope Cornificius broughte his army safe to Myla to Agrippa who had taken Tyndarida furnished wyth all things necessary and fitte for the warre by Sea whither Caesar sent both footemen and Horse He had in Sicelie one and twenty Legions twenty thousande horsemen and aboue fiue thousande light Horse Pompey held yet with garrisons Mylas Nauloco and Peloro and all the Sea coast who being afrayde of Agrippa kept continuall fyres to vse against the Ships He kept the mouthes of Taurominio and Myla and shutte the pathes of Mountaynes with walles He also molested Caesar beyōd Tyndarida who would not yet fight and supposing that Agrippa would arriue he went with speede to Peloro leauing the streightes of Myla whiche Caesar forthwith did take with a little towne called Dianio notable by the tale of the goodly Oxen which were taken away when Vlysses slept When the noyce of Agrippa his comming was ceassed and that Pompey heard the streightes of Myla were possessed hée called for Tifieno with his army Caesar going to encounter wyth him missed his way in the nighte in the hill of Myconio where he lay without a tent And whereas the rayne was very greate as is wont in Autumne he stoode all night vnder a French target the Souldyoures holding it ouer him The horrible and fearefull sounds of the hill Mongibello were heard and the flashing of fire was séene and y sauoure of y brimstone was felt in so much as the Germanes lept out for feare and thought it no tale that they had heard of that hyll After this he wasted the Countrey of Palesteno where he mette with Lepidus taking vp corne and they both layde séege to Messana Many skirmishes there were but no great battell Then Caesar sente Taurus to kéepe victuall from Pompey and take the Cities that remained for hym by the which difficultie being driuen to his tryal he determined to aduenture all at one fight And bycause he thoughte himselfe too weake by land he sent his Herald to require the fighte by Sea. And albeit Caesar had no good will to match by sea hauing hitherto had euill lucke yet thinking it dishonorable to refuse him he appoynted a day to the fighte with thrée hundred shippes on a side furnished with all weapons and defence that they coulde deuice Agrippa inuented a graple that is a raster of fiue cubites long layd ouer with yron hauing a cricle or ring in eyther ende and in the one a crooked hooke of yron and in the other many ropes which drew the hooke by gynnes when it was cast with a sling agaynst the enimies Shyppes When the day was come the first onset was of the small vessels not withoute escries throwing dartes and stones and shotte fyred as well by hand as by engine The ships rushed one against another some on the sides some on the sterne and other on the Poupe thereby the Souldyoures were shaken and the vessels broken Some vsed their shotte and dartes a farre off and there were little boates to take vp all that fell in the water The Souldyoures and the Marriners contended who should do best The exhorting of the Captaynes did good and the engines did help most of all the graple whiche reached the small Ships a farre off for the lightnesse and held them fast drawyng them by the ropes neyther coulde it be cutte off bycause it was couered with yron nor the ropes be touched bycause of theyr length Neyther was this engine knowen that they might haue armed their weapons with yron They rowed on the suddaine thrusting their Ships on the sterne to get aloose When the enimies did so then was the force of mē equal but when the graple came it was a thing by it selfe The Ships fought ioyned togither and leaping out of one into another and scarcely coulde the one be knowne from the other Their armour and weapōs was alike their shape was all one Their priuie token was vnderstood to both which was cause of muche deceyt and after of confusion for they distrusted their owne for feare to be deceyued and so did not know what they might do In the meane time the hurt was great the sea was full as well of men as of armoure and rumes of the broken and crushed vessels For after they came to fyghte at hande they threw no more fire Both the armyes of footemen stoode vppon the shore wyth doubtfull mynde whyther the victory woulde encline for in a multitude of syxe hundred Shyppes they coulde not discerne béeyng all alyke excepte it were the couloure of theyr toppes wherein they onely differed and onely they coniectured by the markes they hadde and by the noyses and voyces howe the matter went But when Agrippa vnderstoode that Pompey had the worse hée exhorted hys Souldyoures to stande to it that they myghte obteyne the victory whyche was in theyr handes and so they dyd wyth suche furie and violence as the enimie fledde and ranne themselues a ground where they were eyther taken or burned whiche when they that kepte the Sea dyd see they yeelded Then the Nauie of Caesar sang the song of victory the whych the footemen on the shore aunswered with no lesse gladnesse but Pompey perceyuing the ouerthrowe fledde to Messina not remembring his forces of footemen the which by and by yéelded to Caesar and shortly after the Horsemenne did the lyke The whyche when Pompey hearde he commaunded to put all things into the seauentéene Shyppes that were lefte and leauing the habite of a Generall woulde flée to Antony whose mother hée hadde saued in lyke daunger And that he myghte bée the better welcome he sente to Plennius to bring the eyght legions that hée had at Lelisbeo whyche he woulde leade wyth hym But when he perceyued that his friends and Souldyoures did continually yéelde to Caesar and that the enimie was entred the narrow sea although he was in a strong and well furnished Citie yet hée would not tarrie for Plennius but fledde wyth hys seauentéene shippes After he was gone Plennius came to Messina and kept that Citie This was the end of this last fighte by sea in the
brother when he was toward mane estate Which two being taken away he lay close a great whye and vexed Spayne wyth priuie robberies tyll he hadde good rescet to him and then he professed hymselfe to he Pompeys sonne aâ—â— made open rodes and when Iulius Caesar was slayne he moued playne warre béeyng ayded wyth greate multitudes and forces of the suddayne gayning Shippes and publike treasure He â—ppressed Italy wyth famine and broughte hys enimies to what conditions he woulde and that most is when the wicked condemnation was executed in Rome he saued manye of the noble men that enioyed theyr Countrey by his benefyte but Fortune not fauouring hym he woulde neuer take the aduantage of hys enimie neglecting manye occasions he would lye still Thys was he that now is in bondage Titius commaunded hys army to sweare to Antony and put hym to death at Mileto when he hadde lyued to the age of fortye yeares eyther for that he remembred late displeasure and forgot olde good rurnes or for that he had such commaundemente of Antony There bée that saye that Plancus and not Antony dyd commaunde hym to dye whyche héeyng president of Syria had Antonyes signet and in greate causes wrote letters in hys name Some thynke it was done wyth Antonyes knowledge he fearyng the name of Pompey or for Cleopatra who fauoured Pompey the great Some thynke that Plancus dyd it of hymselfe for these causes and also that Pompey shoulde gyue no cause of dissention betwéene Caesar and Antony or for that Cleopatra woulde turne hyâ—auour to Pompey When hée was dispatched Antony tooke hys iourney into Armenia and Caesar agaynste the Slauonians continuall enimyes of the Romanes neuer obeying the Romane Empire but reâ—oltyng in euery ciuill warre And bycause the warres of Illyria are not thoroughly knowen vnto me nor sufficient to make a iust volume and can not â—e declared commodiously otherwise I hâ—ue thought it good to referre them to the time that theâ— were subiect to the Romances and making a compendious Treatise of them to ioyne thâ—â— with the affayres of 〈◊〉 FINIS Faultes escaped in the printing of the fiue Bookes of ciuill vvarres of Rome Pag. Line Faulte Correction 1 1â— shoulde shall â— 35 Liâ—bia Libya 4 1 duke of Loma gulfe of Ionia 4 vlt. Colligant Colligauit â— 20 of that of them that 13 2 Paperius Papirius 16 33 pastime pasture 25 25 Hirsians Hirpinianâ— 29 17 Falerno Ealerno 32 16 Canue Canne â—8 2â— Cithegus Cethegus â—0 17 meanes malice 54 14 warres wayes 69 vlt. Garinus Garganus 70 8 birdes burdens 73 20 Cateline Catilina â—3 35 that Milo Milo that 85 26. 28. 29. Ptotolomie Ptolomie 95 3 Dirrachium Dyrrachium 97 2 Sypris Sycoris â—â—2 â—4 mnalyâ— manly â—05 1 Baron barne 106 â—31 seyning seeming â—07 34 os .viij. C. sauing 800 â–ª â—â—0 1 Veâ—ona Velona 114 7 slingers slingers 110 â—â— any 120. onely 120. 115 2 fourtie 40â— 115 27 so soe 126 9 Methridates Mithridates â—40 â—7 came comming â—61 2 4â— 400. ibid. 5 horse hoâ—â—e ibid. â—◠〈◊〉 Tuâ—rciâ—◠¶ A CONTINVATION of Appian of Alexandrîa Wherein is declared the last acte of the wofull Tragedie of the Romaines bloudie Dissentions in the whiche Marcus Antonius was ouerthrown by sea at Actio and by land at Alexandrîa Where both he and Cleopatra killed themselues after the which Octauius Caesar was the only Monarch of all the Romane Empire alone In this we be taught That Gods vengeance is sharp although it be â—â—â—vv and that peoples rule must gâ—â—â— place and princely povver preuayle AT LONDON Imprinted by Raulfe Newberry and Henry Bynniman Anno 1578. ¶ TO THE RIGHT HONOrable his singular good Mayster Sir Christopher Hatton Knight Capitaine of the Queenes Maiesties Garde Vicechamberlaine to hir Highnesse and one of hir Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsayle AS the losse of old possessioÌ„s is a griefe to the landed men eueÌ„ so the decay of auÌ„tient bokes is a smart to the learned sort Titus Liuius father of the Romane historie whom to see repaire was made of Gentlemen froÌ„ farre places vvhiles he liued hath not escaped the iniurie of time but bin left vnperfitte to the great sorovv of posteritie after he dyed Cornelius Tacitus that folowed him both in matter and age could not auoyde that iniquitie althoughe the Emperor Tacitus commaunded his bokes to be written ten times euery yeare This Authour Appianus Alexandrinus hath had the like lucke for al the estimation he vvas in the halfe of his labour being lost and the last part of the vvhole ciuill tumult not now to be had froÌ„ him but briefly supplyed otherwise that the end of the Romanes wo the beginning of our ioy might be declared the one successiuely folovving of the other The vvhich it may please your honour to accept according to your accustomed goodnesse beseeching the liuing Lord long to preserue the same Your Honours humble seruaunt H. B. A Continuation of Appian of Alexandrîa till the ouerthrow of M. Antonius vvhiche vvas the laste ciuill dissention after the whiche Octauius Caesar had the rule of all the Romane Empire alone AFter that Octauius Caesar and M. Antonius had agréed with Sextus the yonger sonne of Pompey â–ª the great â–ª it was determined that Antonius shold make warre vpon the Parthians to reuenge the death of Crassus Wherefore presently he sent Ventidius to represse the Parthians and he to gratifie Octauius was content to marie his sister and to be made the holy minister of Iulius Caesar that was dead he remayning in Rome ruling by common consent with Octauius Caesar as well the matters of the Cittie as of the whole Empire And as it befalleth betwéene such Princes to make pastimes in play and matches Antonie alwayes had the worse at the whiche he was somewhat moued He had in his company an Aegiptian after the maner of a Soothsayer who eyther to please Cleopatra or to shew the very truth tolde Antonie then that hys fortune was obseured by the fortune of Octauius Therefore hée aduised him to go furder off For sayth he wheÌ„ thou art abrode thy nature is noble and coragious but when thou art with him it is deiect and afrayde of his Antonie whether by this motion or his owne inclination was content to leaue all there to Octauius and to go towarde his olde loue of Aegipt yet carying his new wife with him into Graecia pretending an earnest desire to reuenge the iniurie that was done to Crassus which was after this sorte Crassus Pompey and Caesar were all suters for the Consulship in Rome agaynst them stoode Cicero and Cato Crassus and Pompey were chosen and they continued Caesars authoritie in France for fiue yeares longer which he only desired In castyng lottes for the prouinces Spayne fell to Pompey whereof he was glad beyng giuen to please his wife and the people was gladde beyng desirous to haue Pompey nigh the Citie Syria fell to Crassus whereof he was
and turned their backes Antony thinking to make an ende of the warre that daye gaue them the chase and yet tooke but xxx and kylâ—ed lxxx Whiche agayne did much discourage the Romanes since they lost so many at their cariage and wanne so little at this victory The next day Antony returned to his Camp and by the way at the first mette with few of his enimies afterwards more and more and at the last all so as being much molested with them with much adoe he got to the Tentes where the enimie aâ—saulted the trench the which diuers for feare did forsake Wherefore Antony punished euery tenth man and fedde the rest wyth barley The warre was gréeuous to them both for Antony could no more goe a foraging without great losse And the Kyng feared that if his men shoulde lye in the fielde all Winter they would forsake him Wherefore he deuised this policie The noble men of the Parthians suffered the Romanes to carrie awaye their prayes with great commendation of their worthinesse and that the king woulde be glad of peace and so riding néerer the army would rebuke Antony for kéeping them there in so strange a countrey out of the whiche though the Parthians were theyr friends it shoulde be harde for them to escape When Antony hearde of this he caused to be enquired whether these men dyd speake by the Kings consent which they aunswered to be Then he sente to the King that if he woulde restore the Captiues and ensignes he would depart The King sayd he would sende them to him if he would depart quickly Therefore Antony made vp and retired At his going away he did not speake to the Souldyoures as he was wont to doe being very elaquente that way whereat many were offended committing the matter to be done to Domitius Aenobarbus Being in his way one Mardus well acquainted with the Parthian maners whose faith the Romanes had proued before tolde Antony it was best for him to goe so as hée might haue the hilles on his right hande and not to hazarde hys army laden with armour to the Parthian archers and horsemen in the playne way Antony consulted with his counsell pretending yet not to be afrayde of the breache of peace and accepting the counsell as compendious Antony required suretie of Mardw he had him bind him till he came into Armenia So béeyng bound he brought him two dayes quietly The third day when Antony loked for nothing lesse than the Parthians Mardus espyed the banke of a riuer to bée broken downe and the water flowing abroade which he coniectured to be done by the enimie to hynder the passage of Antony Therefore he wished Antony to loke to it for they were not faire off Antony sette his men in order and by and by the Parthians came vppon him whome he receyued with his shotte So there was muche hurte done on both sides till the French horsemen brake vpon them and put them by for that day Antony being taughte hereby went on with a square battel fencing the same thoroughly with the shotte The Horsemen were commaunded to gyue repulse to the enimie and that done not to chaâ—e them farre So when the Parthians these foure dayes had receyued as much hurt as they had done they minded to retire bycause the winter was at hand The fifth daye Fuluius Gallus a valiant man desired Antony to haue a greater bande of shotte and more Horsemen and he would do some notable feate which when he had receyued he put backe the enimie not returning to the armie againe as they did before but pursuing them along without feare whiche when the leader of the rerewarde did sée he called him backe but hée would not obey And whereas Titius tooke the banner to turne backe he put it forward againe and badde hym meddle with hys owne matters and wente so farre as he was compassed of hys enimies and compelled to sende for helpe wherein Canidius that was in greate credite wyth Antony dyd not well for hée sente but a fewe at once which were soone put backe and vtterly hadde bin lost hadde not Antony come wyth hys legions in time and abated the courage of the enimie Notwithstandyng thrée thousande Romanes were slayne and fyue thousande hurte and Gallus wounded with foure dartes of the which he dyed Antony went about wéeping and comforting them they desired him to be content for all was well if he were well Great lone bare the souldyoures vnto him for he was compted one of the best Captaynes of that time The enimies were so encouraged by this victory as they wayted at the Camp all night thinking the Romanes would haue bin gone And in the morning the number was much encreased for the king had sent the horsemens gard of his person but came at no fight himselfe so as there was nowe fortie thousand horsemen Antony woulde haue gone among the Souldyoures with a blacke gowne but his friends woulde not suffer him so he went generall like and praysed them that hadde done well and rebuked them that had done otherwise They prayed him to pardon them and to punish euery tenth man Only they desired him to leaue his sorrow Then he held his hands vp to heauen saying If anye disdeyne of God remained of hys former fortune he desired it might fall vpon him so the Romanes army might be saued and haue the victory The next day he went more warily when contrary to theyr looking the Parthians came â—rolling downe the hill thinking to haue gotten pray and not to haue founde warre The Romanes tooke in their archers and such other into the middest of the battell causing theÌ„ to knéele and they stouping couered them with their shields vppon the which the Parthians arrowes slided off And the Parthians thinking that the Romanes had stouped for wéerinesse made a shoute and came vpon them with their staues at the whiche time the Romanes rose and so encountred with them as they droue them away Thus were they troubled dyuers dayes and made but little way Nowe was there wante in the Campe for they coulde gette no corne and their Cattell was spente partly by losse and partlye by carrying the wounded and sicke men A barly lofe was solde for the waighte of siluer They eate strange hearbes and rootes and some that brought present death with a kinde of madnesse for they coulde do nothing else but roll stones so as all the Campe was almost occupyed in picking and turning of stones The remedye of thys was wyne whyche wanted in the host therefore when they hadde vomited the melancolie they dyed Manye thus dying and the Parthians styll commyng vpon them Antony oftentimes cryed Oh the tenne thousande meaning the tenne thousand Greekes which vnder the leading of Xenophon passed safe a farre longer way in despight of their enimies Nowe when the Parthians perceyued they could not preuayle againste the
she taunted him and vsed him spitefully but he bare all till he might haue Antonie alone But what that would not be but he was coÌ„maunded to tell why he came cueÌ„ at supper he sayd that other things required a sober conference but one thing he knew both sober and dronke that all should be well if Cleopatra went into Aegypt Antonie was angry at that And Cleopatra sayde Thou haste done well Geminius to tell the truth without any torture Geminius went hys way out of hand The Parasites of Cleopatra dyd cause many other to flée from them bycause they coulde not beare their despites and contumelies among whome was Syllanius and Dellius who sayde hée feared to be destroyed of Cleopatra for so Glaucus the Phisitian had tolde hym When Caesar was ready the warre was denounced against Cleopatra the authoritie taken from Antonie bicause he had coÌ„mitted it to a womans lust and not in his right wits beyng bewitched by hir And lefte all the warre to be directed by hir Eunuches and Ruffians who also had the commaundement in ciuill affayres Diuerse vnlucky tokens were séene at the beginnyng of this warre both in Italie and Graecia Antonie had a nauie of warlike ships to the number of fiue hundred wherof 110. were made for triumph He had an huÌ„dred thousand footemen .xij. M. horsemen Bâ—chus king of Africa Tarcondenus king of vpper Cilicia Archelaus king of Cappadocia Philadelphus king of Paphlagonia Mithridates king of Commagena and Adallas king of Thracia were present at this war. Polemâ—n king of Pontus sent ayde likewise Manchus of Arabia and Herode the Iewe and Amintas the kyng of Licaonia and Galatia Also the king of Media sent him succour Caesar had 250. shippes for the warre lxxx M. footemen as many horsemeÌ„ as the enemie Antonie had rule from the floud Euphrates Aâ—â—â—enia to the sea of Ionia and Illiria Caesar had al from that sea to the west Ocean from thenâ—â— to the Tuscan Sicilian sea So much of Africa as bent towarde Italie Fraunce Spaine and the pillers of Hercules Caesar had The rest from Cirene to Aethiopia Antonie helde So much was he thrall to this woman that where he farre passed in good footemeÌ„ for hir pleasure he put all his strength in a nauie And when hee vnderstoode that the Captaines of the nauie found fault for lacke of good seamen he supplied the want with roges cariers haruest men and laborers of wasted Graecia and yet was not the nauie furnished but many shippes voyde and vnable to fight Caesar made not his shippes huge for ostentation shew but light swift them well furnished whiche he helde at Tarent and BruÌ„duse FroÌ„ thence he sent to Antonie to require him to loose no time but to come forth he would giue him safe rodes portes for his nauie and giue him conuenient ground in Italie to lande his men surely quietly Antonie on the contrary side bragging chalenged to fight with him hand to hand which if he would not doe then to fighte with him in Pharsall fielde where Caesar fought with â–ª Pompey But Caesar whiles Antonie lay at anchor at Actio whiche is now Nicopoli passed the sea to get the towne of Epirus whiche is now called Toryne Antonie beyng afeard the enimie should set vpon his shippes vnfurnished made a shewe of great readinesse by shippyng oares on euery side and so kept the porte Wherby Caesar being deceiued went backe and Antonie deuised to take away the water froÌ„ him which was scant naught Hée dealt gently concerning Domitio contrary to Cleopatras opimoÌ„ for he being sicke tooke a litle boate fled to Caesar that which although it gréeued Antonie notwithstanding he sent him all his goodes seruants The which bicause it was openly knoweÌ„ that he was fled so grieued him that he died The kings Amintas Deiotaras went to Caesar also And bycause Antonies nauie was not sufficient he was coÌ„pelled to looke trust to his army by land And Canidius that was general of the footemeÌ„ persuaded him in any wise to send Cleopatra home go to Thracia or Macedonia try the mater by laÌ„d For Dicomes king of the Getes was redy to help him with great nuÌ„bers And that it shold be no shame to him to refuse y fight by sea bicause Caesar had y practise of it by reasoÌ„ of the Sicilian wars but it should be a great blame vnto him not to vse his forces by lande wherein he was moste experte and suffer the same to be abused by sea But Cleopatra vrged him to fight by sea although she despayred of the victorie and secretely prouided all meanes to flée away In this time Antonie was in some daunger there was a certaine narow space of grounde betwéene him and his nauie ouer the whiche it was his maner to passe without feare of the whiche when Caesar was aduertised he layde wayte for him he whiche being a little to quicke tooke him that came before Antonie and he hardely escaped and ranne away When it was determined to fight by sea they burned all the vnprofitable vessels and kepte the Gallies of the best sorte into the whiche he put twentie thousand footemen and two thousand Archers Then a certayne Captayne that had bene a good seruitour and was an expert Soldiour shewed his wounded body to Antonie crying O generall why doest thou distrust these woundes and weapons and puttest thy trust in brittell vessels Let Aegyptians and other like make their fight by sea giue vs the land in the which we haue bene wonte to stande and die or else to conquere Antonie answered nothing to him but with his hande and head signifying he should be of good chéere passed by all hope layde aside for where as the maisters of the shippes would haue taken away the sayles he commaunded them to be carried into the shippes that none of the enimies shoulde escape him as he preteÌ„ded That day .xiij. daies more the rough weather deferred the fight The fifth day the weather beyng fayre they made the fight Antonie and Publicola had the righte wing Caelius the left and Marcus and Iusteius the midde battayle Caesar appoynted Agrippa to the right he helde the lefte Canidius had Antonies land Soldiours Taurus had Caesars beyng in order and quiet on the shore Antonie went about hys nauie in a foyste eâ—horting his Soldiours to fight without remeuyng bycause of the waight of the shippes and commaunded the maysters that standyng as it were at Anchor they shoulde not sturre at the onset of the enimie but auoyde the disaduantage of the place in the mouth of the porte They say that when Caesar wente out before day to view hys nauie hée mette a man leadyng an â–ª Asse and asking his name he sayde my name is Fortunate and mine Asses name is Victorie The forme of
the Senate pag. 1â—â— Octauius is ioyned vvith the Consuls pag. 206 Octauius suspecteth the Senate pag. 206 Octauius and Hirtius ouerthrovveth Antony pag. 210 Octauius conferreth vvith hys Souldyoures pag. 210 Octauius standeth all a rayny night vnder a frenâ—â— Target pag. 357 Octauius burneth all letters vvritten in time of troubles pag. 363 Octauius causeth al slaues to returne to seruice pag. 363 Oppression of Cities by Octauius pag. 313 Octauius denyeth to deale vvith Dâ—â—imus pag. 21â— Octauius practâ—seth reconcilâ—aâ—â—â— vvith Antony pag. 217 Octauius stirreâ—h soulâ—yours against the Senate pag. 2â—â— Octauius commeth to the Citie vvith â—error pag. â—2â— Octauius enquireth of his fathers death pag. 222 Octauius is chosen Consuli he taketh the money that vvas coâ—â—â—yd a â—oken of â—â—liciâ—â—e appeared aâ— did to Romulâ—s pag. 224 Octauius is agreed vvith Antony pag. 225 Octauius agreeth to the horrible proscription pag. 2â—0 Octauius dâ—â—â—deth vvith Antony and Iâ—pidus pag. 22â— Octauius sendeth Sâ—lâ—dâ—nus against Pompey pag. 276 Octauius promiseth priuided ges to the 〈◊〉 HipponeaÌ„s â–ª to haue fre his passaâ—e into Sicilie pag. 2â—7 Octauius passeth the Sea for all that Mâ—â—cus could doâ— pag. 2â—7 Octauius is left sicke at Epidamnum pag. 287 Octauius is not at the first fieldâ— at Philiâ—pi beeyng vvaâ—â—ed by a dreame pag. 20â— Octauius is made Tolbane perpetuall pag. 363 Octauius falleth goyng out of his Shippe pag. 354 Octauius putteth of the generall habite pag. 355 Octauius is daunger ouâ—ly sicke at Brunduse pag. 311 Octauius is troubled by â—â—lâ—â—â— and Manius pag. 315 Octauius put goth â—â—deâ—â—â— touching this nevve stirre by Aâ—â—oâ—â—â— beather pag. 310 Octauius is 〈…〉 by his ovvne soldiours pag. 313 Octauius picketh quarels agaynst Pompey pag. 342 Octauius besiâ—geth and getteth Perugia pag. 331 Octauius seeketh to discredite Antonie pag. 331 Octauius seeketh a mariage to setue his turne pag. 331 Octauius and Antonie at debate pag. 333 Octauius and Antonie agreed deuide the vvhole Empire betvveene them pag. 3â—6 Octauius is desponsed to Antonie pag. 336 Octauius sicke at Canusio pag. 333 Octauius dedicate a temple to Caesar pag. 357 Octauius is driueÌ„ to make peace vvith S. PoÌ„pey pag. 330 Octauius in daunger â—â—eyng vvith one page pag. 357 Octauius stroken in the breste pag. 366 Octauius is saued by Antonie pag. 338 Octauius in distresse pag. 346 Octauius afflicted pag. 347 Octauius subtile for his commoditie pag. 348 Octauius dallieth vvith Antonie pag. 348 Octauius dealeth betveene Antonie Octauius pag. 348 Octauius hath more losse by tempest pag. 350 Octauius leapeth a shore and lieth all night in a cotage and hath greate losse by sea through tempest pag. 346 Octauius hath shipvvrecke at the poynt of Minerus pag. 347. 350 Octauius beareth vvith Souldiers insolencie pag. 317 Octauius an inuincible minde pag. 351 Octau coÌ„ueyd froÌ„ boate to boate to be saued pag. 355 Octauius driueth Pompey out of Sicelie pag. 359 Octauius ouer commeth Antonie at Actio vvhiche is not tolde in this Historie he vvrote it in his booke of Aegypt and that booke is lost among others The matter shal be â–ª â—â— forth by another meane vvherin it may appeare that it vvas the o dinaunce of God to bring Octauius to the rule of al that the state of Rome might be in the beste kinde of gouernment as the Author sayeth that the birth of the king of kings might be in his time as vve say vvhen there vvas peace thorough out the vvorlde VVhich if it had not bene the determination of God it had bene impossible for Octauius to haue escaped so many perils pag. 4 Orders of Caesars and Pompeys battayles pag. 116 Order of Antonieâ— and 〈…〉 battayles pag. 288 Order of the last battayle by sea pag. 358 Ouâ—â—â— hâ—ovv of S. Pompey vtterly pag. 359 Order of inuading Sâ—â—â—lie praysed by Octauius pag. 352 P. PAulus vvon by 1500. talents pag. 87 Patara vvonne by Brutus pag. â—74 Papias vexeth Lepidus Shippes pag. 352 Peace pleaseth not Menodorus pag. 339 Peace broken betvveue Octauian Pompey pag. 342 Peâ—â—â—â—tation of men and Shippes pag. 349 Perpenna killeth Sertorius pag. 68 Perpenna is killed of Pompey pag. 69 Petitions of Pompeys pag. â—7 340 Perugia oppressed vvith famine pag. 329 Philippi the fielde of tvvo battayles pag. 286 Pierie of Arrianus to his father pag. â— 253 Pietie of seruaunts pag. â— 254 Pindarus page to Cassius pag. 2â—0 Plancus a fearfull man pag. 337 Plancus vseth Antonies signet pag. 87 Plancus hindreth Iucius pag. 322 Polemociatia a noble vvoman yeeldeth hiâ— treasure and childe to Brutus pag. 273 Policie of Antonie pâ—enayleth pag. 290 Pompey appoynted by the Senate pag. 91 Pompe of Caesar and Antonie pag. 341 Portion of lande giuen to Sittius pag. 260 Pompey the yonger had great aduantage pag. 318 Pompeys deuice to vvinne the Senate pag. 83 Portius Cato killed of the Marsians pag. 31 Pompey called king of kings pag. 111 Pompeys embassadours are taken and brought to Antonie pag. 364 Pompeys golde is taken pag. 305 Pompeys great folie pag. 368 Pompey the yonger cannot vse victorie pag. 374 Pompey loseth occasion pag. 35â— Pompeyes three the father and tvvoo sonnes had like aduauntage of the enimie and lost it pag. 111. 133. 351. 347. Proscription to death pag. 233 Promise made to Souldiours pag. 117. 230 Presidentes sent by Caesar pag. 40 Prenestines sacked by Sylla pag. 56 Punishment omitted pag. 249 Q. QVestion vvhat death vvas beste pag. 39 Quarell of riche agaynst poore pag. 7 Quarell of poore agaynst riche pag. 8 Quintus Ancharius killed pag. 45 Quintus Lucrecius killed pag. 50 Quintus Cepio killed pag. 28 Quintus Flaccus choseth his ovvn death pag. 18 Quintilis named Iulie in the honour of Caesar pag. 134 Questions ciuill first tried by fight pag. 34 Quicknesse of Caesars pag. 103 Quicke attempts preuente in vvarre pag. 103 Quintus that betrayed Dolabella denied pardon pag. 30â— Quareling betvvene Octauius Antonie pag. 331. 334 R. RAscus and Rascopolis tvvoo brethren diuide themselues to saue themselues pag. 304 Rauenous flaues punished pag. 45 Reâ—â—io saueth his master pag. 254 Rebulus saued folovving Themistocles example pag. 257 Reggio exempt from Soldiours pag. 277 Rhodes taken by Cassius pag. 270 Romane soldiour killeth Pompey pag. 122 Romane Empire enlarged pag. 131 Romanes vse in subdued landes pag. 5 Romane discipline decayed pag. 314 Romane vertue shevved in Messala pag. 356 S. SAburra killed by Sittius pag. 206 pag. Sabinus appoynted by Octauius to punish malefactours Sacrifice for the nauie pag. 337. 350 Sacrifice to Venus and Mars pag. 112 Salerno taken 27. Salapia burned pag. 33 Saluius the Tribune killed pag. 238 Saluidienus killed pag. 337 Sardinia taken vvith Menadorus pag. 337 Scapula burneth himselfe pag. 133 Scaurus bevvrayeth Pompey pag. 367 Scaua his valiantnesse pag. 107 Scipio killed pag. 14 Scrapion deliuered by Antonie to die to please Cleopatra pag. 310 Sextus cause of the burning of Perugia pag. 392 Sedition in Caesars campe pag. 100. 126 Sedition in Octauius campe pag. 313 Sedition for debte
thousand horsemen So greate an army had they ready Mithridates had of his owne two hundreth and fiftie thousande footemen fortie thousande horsemen thrée hundred armed Shyppes and a hundreth Gallyes wyth munition accordingly His chiefe Captaynes were Neoptolemus and Archelaus bréethren the greatest parte he ledde himselfe His sonne Arcadias brought the ayd of tenne thousand horse out of Armenia the lesse Doâ—â—laus ledde theÌ„ that were in order of the mayne footemen and Craterus broughte a hundred and thirtie Chariots So greate prouision was on both sides when the Romanes and Mithridates began the warre the CLXX Olimpiade In the large field at the floud Ammeum â–ª did Mithridates and Nicomedes Captaines sée one another and prepared for the fighte Nicomedes â—et al in order Neoptolemus Archelaus the light harnesed only and y horsemen y Arcathias brought some Chariots The fotemeÌ„ wer yet coÌ„ming They sent a few to take a stonyhil y was in y playne y they shoulde not be coÌ„passed of the Bithinians which were the greater nuÌ„ber WheÌ„ they saw them beaten froÌ„ the hill Neoptolemus fearing to be enclosed came to the rescue with spéede calling with him Arcathia â–ª Nicomedes séeing that set vpon them and there was a great fight and slaughter But Nicomedes fiercely following Mithridates men fledde till Archelaus comming on the righte side did repulse the chacers Then they coÌ„ming all vpon him he gaue place a little that Neoptolemus his might returne froÌ„ the flight And wheÌ„ he saw that to be done in déede he set the armed Chariots vpon the Bithinians which with their violence did teare some of theÌ„ into two partes some into more This acte did muche â–ª discourage Nicomedes host when they 〈…〉 en â—ut asunder yet breathing or torne in many péeces or violently carried of the Chariots The vnpleasantnesse of the sighte rather than losse by the fight disordered their battell for feare Vpon them being thus broken came Archelaus on the front and Neoptolemus and Arcathias returning from the flyght vpon the backe They resisting on both sides defended themselues a good whyle but after many of them were slayne Nicomedes fledde with the rest into Paphlagonia the fotemen of Mithridates not being at the fight The Camp and the money and many prisoners were taken all the which Mithridates vsing gently gaue them conduct money and sent them home making a shew to his enimies of humanitie This first feate of the great warre with Mithridates affrayd the Romane Captaynes as begunne rashly without the common consente For a fewe did ouercome many without any help of the place or fortune of the fighte but by the vertue of the Captaynes and valiantnesse of the Souldyoures Nicomedes Camped by Manius Mathridates wente to the hill Scoroba that is the bankes of Cappadocia and Pontus Hys scoutes being a hundreth horsemen of the Sauromatanes méetyng with eyghte hundreth Horse of Nicomedes tooke diuers of them whome Mithridates agayne suffered to goe to their Countrey with money for the way Manius going backe Neoptolemus and Nemanes an Armenian méetyng with him about the towne Pachius constreyned hym to fighte Nicomedes being gone to Cassius hauing four thousand horsemen and tenne times so many footemen of whome they killed tenne thousande and tooke thrée hundred prisoners whome Mithridates being brought to him did let goe to winne the heartes of his enimies Manius campe was taken he fledde to the floud Sangaris and passed ouer by night and saued himselfe at Pergamo Cassius and Nicomedes and the Romane legates sette their Camp at Leontocephale which is a very strong towne in the further part of Phrigia and trayned the people that they had of newe husbandmen or artificers and ioyned more to them of the Phrigians And when both these people were vnwilling they durst not meddle with men expert in battell therefore they licenced theÌ„ and departed Cassius into Apamed with his army Nicomedes into Pergamo and Manius to the Rhodes They that kept the mouth of Pontus hearing of this forsooke it and the keys ships that Nicomedes had in Pontus were deliuered to Mithridates Thus he at one brunt getting all Nicomedes land went to it and set order in the Cities Going into Phrigia and comming to an Inne where Alexander rested he tooke it for a lucky tokeÌ„ that Mithridates might lye where Alexander had lodged And he gote the rest of Phrigia and Misia and Asia that the Romanes had lately wonne And sending to the places there aboute he got Lycia and Pamphilia and so as farre as Ionia and the Laodiceans that inhabit about the floud Lycus and resisted for Q. Oppius a Romane Captaine hauing Horsemen and some footemen hyred got into the Citie kept it He sent his Trumpet to the walles commanding hym to say that King Mithridates did giue suretie to the Laodiceans if they would bring Oppius to him When they hearde this Proclamation they lette the hired Souldiours goe fréely and brought Oppius to Mithridates with his mace-berers in scorne and Mithridates did no hurt to him but ledde him lose aboute with him shewing he had a Romane Generall in Captiuitie Not long after he tooke Manius Acilius that was best of the Embassadors chiefe cause of this warre and ledde him about being set vpon an Asse and telling them that loked vpon him that he was Manius till he came to Pergamo wher he put molteÌ„ gold in his mouth reprouing the Romanes for taking of giftes Appoynting rulers in the countrey he came to Magnesia Ephesus and Mitelena euery one receyuing him without resistance and the Ephesians throwing away the Images of the Romanes that were there for the whiche they were punished afterward Going from Ionia he tooke Stratonicaea and punished it in money and set a garrison in the Citie and séeyng a fayre mayde he made hir one of his wiues and if any man be desirous to know hir name it was Monime the daughter of Philopaenos The Magnesians PaphlagoniaÌ„s and Lycians yet resisting hée ouercame by his Captaynes And thus did Mithridates The Romanes hearing of thys first force and inuasion of Asia determined warre against hym although they were troubled with ciuill strife incessantly in the Citie and Italy was occupyed with great warre at home almost in euery place The Consuls takyng their charge Asia fell to Cornelius Sylla and the warre agaynst Mithridates And where they had no store of money they enacted to sell the things that Numa Pompilius the kyng had appoynted for the Sacrifices of y Goddes So great want was ther then so great ambition Some of these thyngs were sold whereof was raysed .ix. thousand pounde waight of golde and gaue no more to so great a warre But Sylla was long kept with sedition as wée haue shewed in the ciuill dissentions In this meane time Mithridates made many shippes agaynst the Rhodians and wrote secretely to all Princes and rulers of
Cities that they shoulde at the thirtie day beyng obserued kyll all Romanes and Italians men women and chyldren that were frée and when they had killed them to caste them out vnburied and to diuide halfe theyr goodes to the kyng Mithridates and halfe to themselues He appoynted a payne to them that buried any or hidde them and a rewarde to them that bewrayed or killed them that were hidde To seruantes libertie to kill their Masters to debtours halfe their debte to kill their creditours These Mithridates sente secretely to all at once The daye being come diuerse calamities were séene in Asia whereof these were some The Ephesians dragged them that were fledde into the Temple of Diana and embraced the images and killed them The Pergamenians shotte them to death that were fledde into the temple of Aesculapius and woulde not be pulled from the images The Adramiteans killed them that swamme into the Sea and drowned their chyldren The Cauneans beyng made tributarie to the Rhodians in the warre of Antiochus and restored by the Romanes a litle before pulled the Italians out of their holy common place whether they were fledde and first killed the children before the mothers faces then the mothers laste the fathers The Trallians to kéepe themself from the infamie of murderers hyred Theophilus of Paphlagonia a cruell man to do this acte And Theophilus killed them beyng shutte in the temple of peace cut of the haÌ„ds of some that imbraced the images there The Italians and the Romanes suffred these calamities in Asia men women children frée bonde that were of the Italian generation Wherin it was euideÌ„t that Asia did not this so much for feare of Mithridates as for hate of the Romanes But they suffred double punishment Mithridates shortly after vsing them cruelly contrary to his fayth and after him Cornelius Sylla Mithridates sayled to Coo the Coanes receyuing him willingly and he tooke the sonne of Alexander that reigned in Aegipt leste in Co with much money of his grandmother Cleopatra brought him vp princely And of Cleopatras treasure he sent much riches workes stones womens aray and plenty of money into Pontus In this time the Rhodians fortified their walles their portes prepared al defence some Telmisians and Lycians being conâ—odered with theÌ„ All the Italians that fledde out of Asia came to the Rhodes among whom was L. Cassius the gouernour of Asia Mithridates coÌ„ming thither they pulled downe their suburbes that the enimie should take no profite by theÌ„ prepared for the fight by sea some at the front some at the sides Mithridates coÌ„ming with his galies coÌ„maunded his men to extend theÌ„selues into winges a flote that by their swifte rowyng they mighte inclose their enimies which were fewer The Rhodians being afraid of coÌ„passing gaue place a litle then turned fledde to their porte shutting it with barres they resisted Mithridates from the walles He encamping at the Citie drawing nighe the porte attemptyng the same tarried for footemen to be brought out of Asia And there was shorte and continuall skirmishing with them at the walles in the which the RhodiaÌ„s hauing the better were a litle encouraged and had their ships at hande to encounter the enimy when occasion should serue A great shippe of the kings passed vnder sayle the Rhodians sent a litle galie against it and either side helping other diligently a great fight began on the sea Mithridates beyng superiour in anger of minde multitude of shippes the Rhodians with arte setting vpoÌ„ his nauy disordering theÌ„ so as they toke one galie with the men much munition spoyle brought hir into the hauen and being ignoraÌ„t that a great Galie of theirs was taken of the enimie they sent .vj. of their swifâ—est to recouer hir Damagoras their admiral weÌ„t with theÌ„ Mithridates sent .xxv. after hym who gaue place till it was night Waxing darke the kings shippes retourned and he set vpon them and tooke two and chased other two into Lycia and returned by nighte This was the ende of the fight betwéene Mithridates and the Rhodians doone against all hope to the Rhodians for their fewnesse and to Mithridates for his multitude In the fight the king sayling about to encourage his men a shippe of Chia in hys nauie crushed the kings shippe in the confusion the whiche the Kyng not dissembling punished both the Captaine and the Maister which offended all the Xians At thys time the kings footemeÌ„ being brought in great ships a Pery risyng vpon them they were driuen to Rhodes the Rhodians quickly comming vppon them being yet troubled with the strome they tooke some they crushed some and some they burned and tooke four hundred prisoners Mithridates preparyng for to fight by sea againe and to force the towne he made a certaine engin called Sambuca carried in two ships The fugitiues tolde him there was a side of an hill that might be scaled where the Temple of Iupiter Tabyrius was with a weake wall He put his army in the ships by night to other he gaue scaling ladders He commaunded both to goe with silence till a fire was made from the Temple and then with a crye as loude as coulde bee made some to assaulte the towne and some to force the Porte and they with silence drewe nighe The watche of the Rhodians knowing this made a fire and the army of Mithridates thinking this had bin the fire at the Temple from déepe silence they cried all togither as well the Scalers as the Marriners The Rhodians cried as fast chearefully and came togither to y wal so as the Kings men did nothing that night and in the daye were putte backe althoughe the Sambuke affraid the Rhodians much casting out once and many dartes arrowes and shotte beeing broughte againste the Temple of Isis and the Souldiours with many scalyng ladders from their shippes came forth as they woulde haue giuen an asiaulte The Rhodians defended themselues manfully till the engine brake for waight and a vision of Isis was thought to caste a greate fire vpon it Mithridates despairing of this enterprise sayled from the Rhodes Being at Patara at siege he cut down the holy woode of Latone to make engins till he was feared with a vision then he left the woode Leauing Pelopida to continue the warre in Lycia hée sente Archilous into Grecia to winne it by force or friendship so much as was possible and committing many things to his Captains he trayned and furnished his army and passed the time with his woman of Stratonicede He sate in iudgement of them that were thought to watch him or make any mutinie or helpe the Romaines And whiles hée was thus occupied these thinges were done in Grecia Archelous sayling with a great nauie well victualled he tooke Delos that was reuolted from Athens and other places by violence and power killing twenty thousande men of the whiche the
moste were Italians the places he appointed to the Athenians by the whyche and by other meane they extolling Mithridates and greatly praysing hym he brought them and other to his friendship He sent the holy money of Delos to them by Aristion a man of Athens and two thousand with him for y gard of the mony the which Aristion vsing to his purpose played the Tiranne in his country and some of the Athenians he killed oute of hand as fauourers of the Romaines and some he sent to Mithridates yet was he a scholer of Epicurus learning And not he alone in Athens nor Critias that was before him and they beyng professours of Philosophie with Critias were tyrannes but in Italy they of Pythagoras schoole and in the other Grecia they that were called the seauen Wise men when they had rule they tooke vpon them and vsed tyranny more cruellye than y vnlearned tyrannes Therefore there is a doubt and suspition of other Philosophers whether for vertue or for pouertie or for lacke of experience they comforted themselues with Philosophie Of the whiche now many being priuate poore couering néede by sapiēce they speake bitterly againste rich men and Princes not for cōtempt of riches and rule in their opinion but rather for enuy being caried there vnto But they that bée slaundered of them do more wisely contempne them This one maye thinke to bée spoken of Aristion the Philosopher as by occasion of matter moued by him The Acheans and Lacedemonians did relent to Archelous and all Boeotia except Thespia whome he beséeged At this time Metrophanes being sente of Mithridates with another armye did make warre vppon Eubea and Dimetriades and Magnetia that resisted Mithridates And Brittius comming from Macedonia with a small nauie did fight with him by Sea and sinking one greate Shippe and a foyste he killed all that were in them Metrophanus beholding it he being afrayde fledde and hauing a good wind Brittius could not ouertake him but tooke Scyathus that was a receypt for the Barbarian rouers he hanged vp the slaues and cutte off the hands of the frée men Then turning to Boeotia a thousand other Horsemen and footemen comming out of Macedonia at Cherona he foughte thrée dayes with Aristion and Archelous with equall and indifferent fortune on both sides but when the Lacedemonians and Acheans were come in ayde to Aristion and Archelous Brittius thinking himselfe too weake to match with them all went to Pire◠till Archelous came and kept it Sylla béeyng chosen generall for the warre againste Mithridates then tooke his iourney out of Italy with fyue legions and some other bandes and companyes and arriued in Grecia gatheryng money and mon and victuals from Aetolia and Thessalia When he thoughte he was sufficiente he wente into Attica againste Archelous and as he came all Boeetia sauing a few reuolted to him and so did the greate Citie of Thebes very lightly taking Mithridates parte againste the Romanes and nowe more swiftely turning from Archelous to Sylla before they came to tryall He went to Attica and sending one parte of his armye againste the Citie to beséege Aristion he wente to Pireo where Archelous was within the walles the heygth whereof was fortie cubites béeyng the worke of Pericles made of greate stone and square when the Athenians made warre with the Pelopenesians and bycause he putte all the victory in Pireo he made it the more strong Sylla being come to the wall gaue the assaulte forthwith where muche hurte béeyng done on both sydes the Cappadocians manfully defendyng béeyng wéery he wente to Eleusina and Megara and made engines against Pireo by mountes and rampires Artificers and stuffe yron and slings and suche other were broughte hym from Thebes He cut downe the wodde of Academia and made greate engines and toke away the long sides to cast stones timber and earth vppon the rampire There were two slaues of Athens in Pireo fauouring the Romanes or foreséeyng theyr safetie if anye thing shoulde happe they wrote in pellets of leade euer what shoulde be done and threwe them to the Romanes with their slings Thys béeyng often done and come to knowledge Sylla hauyng regarde to the matter founde it thus written To morrowe the footemen shall come vppon the face of youre labourers and the Horsemen shall sette vppon the sydes of the Romanes Therefore he layde an ambush ready and when the enimie had thought to haue come ou y suddayne he more suddaynelye dyd sette vppon them kylled many of them and droue the other into the Sea. And thys was the ende of thys attempte Nowe many greate towers béeyng sette vpon the mounte Archelous dyd make the lyke on the other side furnished wyth weapons He sente for more power out of Chalcidonia and other Ilandes and armed hys mariners as he that woulde hazarde all Archelous hadde a greater armye than Sylla and nowe it was muche bigger At midnighte he issued wyth lyghtes and burned one of the greate engines with all that belonged to it Sylla in tenne dayes made another and sette it where the other was and Archelous erected a Tower agaynst them on the wall Another army beyng come vnto hym from Mithridates whiche Dimoxetes ledde he brought them all forth to the fighte wyth whome he mixed hys shotte and stoode vnder the wall that the warders myghte throwe vppon the enimies Other stoode at the gates wyth fyre lokyng for the token to sallie forthe The fyghte was a long tyme equall and nowe one and then another gaue place The Barbarians beganne to flée tyll Archelous commyng vppon them made them turne agayne whyche greately afrayed the Romaines so that they fledde from them but Murienas met them and returned them and an other bande was come from Foragyne with them they that were reproued which séeing the fighte so hotte gaue a couragious onset vpon Mithridates menne and killed two thousand of them and droue the other into the walles Archelous woulde haue tourned them backe againe and in the fyghte tarrying long bycause of his earnestnesse he was shutte oute and taken in by a rope Sylla released them of rebuke that were noted bycause they had fought valiauntlye and rewarded the Souldioures wyth gyftes accordingly Winter being come hée placed hys army in Eleusine and made a ditche from the highe places to the Sea that the ennimies horsemen shoulde not easilye breake vppon them The whyche hee working euerye daye there were diuerse skirmishes sometime aboute the ditche sometyme at the walles the ennimyes commyng vsyng stones dartes and pellets ▪ Sylla wanting Shippes sente to the Rhodes and where the Rhodes coulde not passe bycause Mithridates helde the Sea hée commaunded Lucullus a Noble manne of Rome and Generall of thys warre after Sylla to goe priuilye into Alexandrîa and Syria and to gather an armye of the Kynges and Citties and to sende it to the Rhodians Hée not fearing the Sea besette wyth Shyppes tooke
being molested in Spayne by Sertorius and at home in Italie by ciuil warre Therefore saide he thorough their negligence the Sea hathe long tyme béene full of Pyrates Confederates haue they none nor willingly auye wil be vnder them Do you not sée these noble men sayde hée shewing Varius and the Lucians to be enimies to their Country and friends to vs When he had said thus and stirred his armye hée wente into Bythinia Nicomedes beyng dead without a chylde and leauyng his kingdome to the Romanes And Cotta that was presidēt there a man of litle skill in warre fledde to Calchida with his power and Bithynia was agayne vnder Mithridates all the Romanes fléeing to Cotta into Calchide And Mithridates comming thither Cotta for lacke of experience came not foorth Nudus his admirall with part of the army tooke the stronger parte of the fielde from the whiche beyng driuen hée fled to the gates of Chalcide by many hedges with great paine At the gate there was great thrust of them that would get in so as no darte was caste in vayne of them that folowed Wherefore the kéepers beyng afrayde of the gates they let the barres fall from the tower and tooke vp Nudus and other Capitaynes by ropes The other did perishe betwéene their fréendes and their enimies holdyng vp their hāds to the other Mithridates vsing the course of good fortune brought his shippes that day to the porte and breakyng the barre that was of yron he burned foure of the enimies shippes and tooke the other thrée score neyther Cotta nor Nudus resistyng kéepyng thēelues within the walles Thrée thousand were slayne of the Romanes Lucius Manlius a Senatour Mithridates loste twentie of the Basternians that first wente into the porte L. Lucullus beyng Consull and chosen generall of this warre brought one legion from Rome and had two of Fimbrias and beside them two more hauing in all thirtie thousand footemen and sixtene hundred horsemen and encamped agaynst Mithridates at Cyzico And vnderstandyng by the fugitiues that the king had thrée thousande men and his victuals brought by the foragers and from the sea he sayde to them that were aboute him that he would take his enimies without any payne and bad them remember it He espied an hill very fitte for his campe from the which he might get forage and kéepe it from his enimie He entended to get it as by it to winne victorie without daunger Beyng but one way very straight to it Mithridates kepte it with strength For so did Taxiles the other Capitaynes aduise him Lucius Manius that came frō Sertorius and made league with Mithridates Sertorius being now dead reuolted secretly to Lucullus sayth beyng receyued he perswaded Mithridates to lette the Romanes go and campe where they would for the two legions that were Fimbrias would straight reuolt and come to the kyng then what néede he vse force and slaughter when he might ouercome without fight Mithridates consenting to this very vnwisely and vncircumspectly suffered the Romanes to passe the streight without feare and to encampe at the hyll by hauyng of the whiche they might haue victuals behinde them brought without feare and Mithridates beyng shut with fennes hilles and floudes could haue none by lande but very litle neyther hauyng way to do it easily nor by force to compell Lucullus for the hardenesse of the passage whiche when he had in his power hée neglected winter beyng at hande the commyng of it by Sea woulde fayle Which when Lucullus perteyued hée put his fréendes in remembraunce of his promise and that hée spake to bée as it were performed Mithridates mighte then peraduenture haue passed thorough the middes of hys enimies with hys multitude but hée lette that passe also and gaue himselfe onely to the gettyng of Cyzico thynkyng by that to remedy bothe the wante and harde way and hauyng plentie of Souldiours wente aboute it by all meanes possible His nauie hée enclosed with a double wall and entrenched the rest of the Citie and set vp many rampiers and engines vpon them and towers and rammes couered and one called Helepolis of an hundred cubites vpon the which an other tower was set casting arrowes and stones diuerse weapons At the portes two Gallies ioyned togither bare an other tower from the which bridges were caste from the engine nigh the wall When all this was ready hée sente thrée prysoners to Cyzicus in shippes to the citie holding vp their hands and praying them to spare the people that were in daunger till Lisistratus their Captaune came to the walles and by a trumpette exhorted them to beare patiently their mischaunce When Mithridites was deceyued of this purpose hée brought the engine by shippes which threwe sodenly bridges vpon the wall and foure men ranne vpon them at the whiche the Cyzians amased for the straungers gaue place but no more commyng forth they tooke courage againe and killed those foure without and threwe fire and pitch vpon the shippes and made them tourne with theyr engine This at this enterprise of the sea the Cyzians had the better That day the third time he brought al his engines by lande at once they within labouring and putting them backe for all their violence The rammes they bet with stones or put them by with collats and brake their dint with peltes of wooll The fierie dartes they quenched with vineger and water and other with clothes cast against them or with sayles wrapped togither stopped the throwe They lefte nothing vndone that menne might doe and although they suffered all labour and resisted the euill yet at night parte of the wall was burned and fell but no manne durste enter for the heate and their Cyzianes made it vp again in the night And not long after a great storme of wind did breake the reste of the kings engines It is reade that this Cittie was in dowrie of Iupiter to Proserpine and the Cyziens honour hir most of all gods When their feast day came that they should sacrifice a blacke cowe they not hauing one made one of paaste when as a blacke cowe came to them by sea whyche going vnder the barre of the hauen ranne into the Cittie came to the temple and stoode at the aulter The which the Cyzians sacrificed with good hope Mithridates friendes counselled him to go from the Cittie being holy but he would not He went to Dindimus an high hill and made a trench from it to the Cittie and set it with towers and with mines digged the wall He sente hys horses leane for lacke of meate and lame for labour into Bythinia Lucullus mette with them as they wente to Rindacus and killed and toke many prisoners of men fiftéene M. of horses sixe thousand and many beasts of burden At this time Eumachus a Captaine of Mithridates ranne ouer Phrygia and slewe the Romanes both women and children then he inuaded Pisidus and
came vpō the head of Mithridates and came downe auoyding the fieldes for the horsemen encamped at a flash of water at the enimyes face Wanting victuals he sente into Cappadocia for corne and skirmished with the enimies and made them to flée till the king came out of his Camp in hast and amazed them and made them to turne and so afrayd the Romanes as they fledde vp to the mountaynes and did not perceyue when the enimies ceassed but thoughte them that fledde with them their enimies as well as they that chaced them so greatly were they made afrayde Mithridates sent letters euery where of this victory A great part of his horsemen and they of the best lay in awaite for them that brought victuall to Lucullus from Cappadocia hoping to bring thē to famine as they themselues were at Cyzico And it was a great argument so to be bycause Lucullus had only from Cappadocia frō the which he might be shutte The Kings horsemen méetyng with the first of the forragers in a streight place and would not tarrie till they came to an open place they made their horses in that streight vnprofitable vnto them The Romanes therefore being quickly in order by the helpe of the place came forthe to the fighte and killed the kings men being holpen by the streyghte way as fotemen they droue some vpon their fellowes and some they made flée by heapes and flong them downe A few escaping by night ranne to the Camp and affirmed that they onely were saued and as the nature is made the losse greater than it was Mithridates before Lucullus shoulde knowe of this losse and thinking that Lucullus for lacke of horsemen woulde by and by haue sette vpon him determined to flée for feare and told his friends in his tent They before warning was giuen sente away theyr geare hastily by night and their cariage made a great thrusting togither at the gates The whiche the armye perceyuing knowwing them that caried and coniecturing worse for feare and being gréeued that no token was giuen they brake vp their trenche and fledde aboute the fielde confusedly euery man as well as he coulde without Captaynes or staying for warning When Mithridates hearde of these hasty and disorderly doings he ranne from his tent among them and would haue sayd somewhat to them but no man giuing eare to hym and beyng thruste of the people he had a fall and getting to his horse hee fledde to the mountaines Lucullus vnderstāding of the feate of y foragers and séeing the flight of his enimies sent many horsmen to follow them bringing his footemen to the cariera and the reste that were in the campe he commaunded them not to spoile before they had kylled al. But they seeyng the vessels of gold and siluer and costly garments forgot the commaundement and where they had taken Mithridates and chaūced to cut the burden that one of the Mules bare and the golde falling out they were so buy about it that they let the King go who fledde to Comans and from thence to Tigranes with tenne thousande horse He woulde not see hym but commaunded to vse him like a King in hys Townes Wherefore Mithridates being in desperation of his kingdome sente Bacchus an Eunuch to his Palace to kil his sisters and his wiues and his concubines They wer dispatched some with the sword some with poyson some with halters pitifully When the capitaines of Mithridates garnisons sawe this the moste parte yeelded to Lucullus He setting things in order sayled aboute the citties of Pontus and tooke Armast Heraclea and other Sinope helde out iustily and by sea fought valiantly But whiles they were besteged they burned their great ships and fled with their smal Lucullus lefte the citye frée againe by reason of a dreame whych was this They say Antolycus didde make warre with Hercules againste the Amazones and being driuen by tempest to Sinope he tooke the Cittie and ruled there and the Sinopeans had hys Image in greate veneration The whiche when they fledde they wrapped it in linnen and bound it fast to cary with them Lucullus knowing nothing of this nor hauing hearde of it hee thought he sawe hym call him and the nexte daye commaunding them that carried that Image to shewe what it was hee saide it was the same that he did sée in the night This was his dreame and he caused Sinope to bee still inhabited and Amysios also oute of the whyche they fledde by sca For vnderstanding that it was inhabited of the Athenienses when they were Lords of the sea and made a populare state of it it sometime obeyed the Persian Kings And being restored to their libertie by Alexander were subiects againe to the Kings of Pontus and he taking pittie of them and desirous of honour after the example of Alexander and the Athenienses nation hée lefte it in libertie and wyth all spéede reuoked the Sinopeans to their owne Cittie When he had thus restored them after their taking he made league with Machare Mithridates sonne king of Bosphorus offring him a crowne of golde Then he soughte Mithridates that was with Tigranes and being come into Asia whyche dydde owe the fourthe parte of the fruits that Sylla putte vppon them for a payne hée tooke a taxe of their houses and seruauntes and made the sacrifices of victorye as thoughe the warre hadde beene fynished When the sacrifice was ended he marched with two choise legions and fiue hundred horse against Tigranes that woulde not deliuer Mithridates And passing Euphrates requyring anlye money of the Barbarians he wente on The men made no warre vpon him as they that thought not good to intermedle betwéene Tigranes and Lucullus No man durste tell Tigranes that Lucullus was commyng for he that tolde it fyrste was hanged as one that troubled hys Cities But when he hearde it he sente Mithrobarzines wyth twoo thousande horse to stoppe Lucullus course Hée appointed Mancaeo to kéepe Tigranocerta the whiche Cittie as I haue sayde the King builded in his owne honor to the whiche he called his nobles and appointed a paine that whosoeuer broughte not hys goodes thither shoulde be confiscate Hée made a wall aboute it of fifty◠cubites hyghe The bottoms of whyche were full of stables for horse and in the Suburbes hee hadde builded hys Pallaice and Gardens verye faire with Parkes and fishepondes and harde by bee made a strong Forte all the whiche committing to Mancaeo he rode aboute his countrey togather men Lucullus at the first conflict ouerthrewe Mithrobarzane and chased him And Sextilius shut Mancaeus in Tigranocerta spoylyng all the places that were without wall and entrenched the Forte and the Cittie and broughte his engines and vndermined the wall Thus was Sextilius occupied Tigranes gathering two hundred fyfty thousand footemen and fyftye thousande horsemen sent sixe thousande horse afore to Tigranocerta They passing thoroughe the Romanes carried away the Kyngs
Concubines that were taken The rest of the armie Tigranes sente agaynste Lucullus Then Mithridates commyng fyrste into hys sight counselled hym not to fyghte with the Romaynes but to range with hys horsemen and waste the countrey to driue them to famine if he coulde by the which mean hée was vsed of Lucullus at Cyzico and loste hys féeble armye Tigranes laughed at this counsell and came forth in order of battaile and séeyng the little number of the Romanes sayde If these bée Ambassadors they be too many but if they be ennimies they bée too fewe When Lucullus hadde perceiued a fytte hill beyond Tigranes he commaunded hys horsemen to giue a charge on the front and then to tourne and giue place of purpose to bring the army oute of order He in the meane tyme ledde his footmen to the hill not perceyued And when he sawe the ennimye disordered and runnyng by partes as thoughe they hadde the victorie and all their carriage vnder the hill he cried We haue gotte the victorye my fellowes And firste hée sette vppon the carriage They fléeyng with confusion ranne vppon the footemen and the footemenne vppon the horsemenne so as there was a fowle fléeyng oute of hande And they that were gone farre to pursue the Romaynes were killed of them tournyng vppon them and the other disordered with the carriage that they came as driuen among theÌ„ al being afflicted none knowing the truth how the ouerthrow began there was excéeding slaughter without anye spoile for Lucullus had forbiddeÌ„ that with threats Therfore treading vpon bracelets and chaines they continued y murder an hundred twenty furloÌ„gs til night came vpon theÌ„ then in their returne they spoyled for Lucullus was contente After this victorie Manceus that was lefte at Tigranocerta vnarmed al the Gréeke mercenarie souldiours as suspected They fearing to be taken got them staues and went togither and wer quiet But when Manceus came vpon them with the Barbarians armed they wrapped their cloakes aboute theyr armes in stead of tergales and with courage fought against them and euer as they killed any they kepte their armoure and diuided it betwéen them And when they thought they had got sufficient they tooke some of the little Tents and called the Romanes and receyued them in Thus was Tigranocerta taken and spoyled being verye riche and new builded and inhabited moste honorably Tigranes and Mithridates went about gathering another army of the whyche he made Mithridates Generall the other thynkyng it fytte beeyng taught with his owne losses Hee sente also to the Parthians requiring aide of them And when Lucullus sent his Ambassadors also requiring the Kyng eyther to help him or not to medle with either he secretly promised both but performed with none Mithridates gathered armour in euerye Cittie and had in a manner all the Armenians in Campe of the whyche hée chose thréescore tenne thousande footemen and halfe of the horsemen and lette the other go These being diuided into bands and companies after the Italian discipline he tooke them to be trayned of his men of Pontus Lucullus comming towarde them Mithridates helde all his footemen and halfe his horsemen vpon an hill The reste of the horsemen Tigranes ledde and méeting wyth the Romaine foragers was ouercome after the whiche the Romanes foraged more safely euen in the places next Mithridates and encamped there By raysyng of muche duste it was perceyued that Tigranes came whose purpose was to haue shutte Lucullus in the middst of them both Which when he perceyued he sent his best horsemen to encounter with Tigranes as farre off as they coulde and to compell him to leaue his raungyng and kéepe his campe He prouoked Mithridates to fight and encamped about him but he could not moue him tyl famme oppressed him and disolued al their purpose Tigranes went into the furthest parte of Armenia Mithridates into Ponius with the rest of hys owne army hauyng foure thousand and as many of Tigranes Lucullus folowed him being driuen also for want Mithridates outgoing him he mette with Fabio that was lefte there of Lucullus and ouerthrew hym killing fiue hundred Fabio taking fresh seruauntes that were in the campe foughte againe the whole day and the fighte was doubtfull till Mithridates was hurt on the knée with a stone and vnder the eye with a darte and was caried away with spéed and many dayes the one refrayned from fight for feare of the kings health the other for the multitude of them that were hurte The Agarians a nation of Scythia did cure Mithridates vsing the poyson of Serpents for their medicines and for that cause be euer about the king To Fabius came Triarius another Captaine of Lucullus with his owne army and receyued the power and authoritie of Fabio and not long after Mithridates and he comming to the fight there was such a winde as neuer was felt It tore the tentes of them both it beate the beastes abroade and stroke downe some men and thus both went backe When it was told that Lucullus was comming Triarius desirous to fight before he came he set vpon the former watch by night and the fight being equall the king with his wing got the better and dispersed the enimies driuing the footemen into a foule mire where they wer killed bycause they could not stirre The horsemen he sent to be chased in the playne vsing valiauntlye the brunt of the victorie til a Captaine of a Romane band running by him as his seruant gaue him a great wounde on the thyghe bycause he thought hée could not strike through his harnesse on the backe They that were next streight killed him Mithridates was carried out to y hinder part The kings frends caused their retreat to be bloweÌ„ the soldiours hauing a manifest victorie and folowing it egrely and bycause it was straunge to be called from it they wer much troubled and in feare leaste some other inconuenience badde â—ene Timotheus that was the Kings Phisition stopped the wound shewed the king vnto theÌ„ from aboue that were come into the field stoode thronging aboute his bodye euen as Alexander in India when the Macedonians were afrayde for him shewed him selfe to be cured in a Shyppe When Mithridates came to hymself he blamed them that caused the fight to ende that daye led his army against the Romaynes campe They were fled from it fearfully WheÌ„ y dead were spoiled theÌ„ were found .xxiiij. Tribunes Cl. Centurians such a number of Captains as seldome hath bin found slaine in a Romaine army Mithridates went in to Armenia which the Romaynes call Armenia the lesse taking with him the victuall that coulde be carried and that that could not he burned that Lucullus whome he thoughte did follow hym shold haue none of it A Romane Senator named Attilius fled from his countrey bicause he was condemned and in great credite fauor with Mithridates was then taken as
Carthagies laughed at the fyrste not perceyuing the policie but when it was perceyued and the fyghâ—e begunne the Iberians selte the Cartes on fyre whereby the Oxen were dryuen vpen the Numidians And when the fire was dispersed euery where and the Oxen raâ—â—e hyther and thyther it muche disordered the Affiâ—canes and brake their aray whereby the Iberians came vppon them and kylled Amilchar Barcha and the rest that fought but the Carthagies béeyng allured by the pray of Iberia sente another armâ— to Asdruball that was Barchas sonne in law and committed the rule of that army to him He ioyned to him Anniball that was sonne to Barcha as his Lieutenant and his wiues brother who after got so great a name by his valiant actes being very yong but expert in the warre and accepted to the souldyoures He wanne manye places of Iberia by fayre wordes as he was verye apte to persuade and when any thing was to be done by force he did vse the seruice of the yong man By thys meane he wente ouer Spayne from the Oâ—â—identall Sea to the floud Iberus and made all subâ—ect to the Carthagies Empire the which floud diuiding Spayne in the middest floweth into the Ocâ—â—n towarde the North fiue dayes iourney from the Mountaines But the Saguntines an olde inhabitance from the Zathintians which be in the middest betwéene the mountaynes and the floud and all other that were come of the Greekes aboute the place called Emporio and all other that inhabited any part of Ibeâ—â—â— being afrayd sent four Embassadors to Rome wherfore the Romanes not willing the power of the Carthagies to growe too much sent Embassadors to Câ—thage where it was agréed that Iberus should be the end of the Carthagies dominion in Spaine and that the Romanes should not make warre vpon their subiects beyoude that floud nor the Carthagies to gâ—â— beyonde that floud to moue warre and that the Saguntines and other Greeke people which were in Iberia shoulde be frée and liue with their owne lawes all the whiche were expressed in the league that was made betwéene the Romanes and the Carthagies When this was done a slaue killed Asdruball whose maister he had cruelly kylled before â–ª whilest he was taking order for that parte of Iberia that obeyed Carthage and gone a hunting whome Annâ—ball after tormented most cruelly and kylled The army made Anniball Barcha their Captayne a very yong man and welbeloued of them The enimies of Amilchar Barcha in the Senate of Carthage agréed to it who fearing the power of Asdruball and Amilchar did laughe at Anniball as a rong man and beganne â—o molest in lawe the friendes of them accusing them of the same â—aults that they accused the other that were deade vsing the peoples fauour whiche hated them for the losses they had in the tyme of Barcha and Asdruball They required those gifts that Barcha or Anniball sent to them being of the spople of the ennimies They sent to Anniball for helpe â—hewing that he also would be despised of his fathers ennimies except hée hadde nowe some regard of them that might defene his matters there This was not vnknowne to Anniball for he knew well ynough that the beginning of deceyts would be vppon him and thought it not good to suffer suche enmities continuallye with seare as his father and grandfather had done nor to liue all his lyfe after the lightenesse of the Carthagies vsâ—ng them vnthanke fullye that were of their syde and hadde doone well for the common wealth There was a rumor when Anniball was a childe and at hys fathers commandement y he brought hym into the place where hée made sacrifices and made hym laye his hand vppon the Altare and sweare that so soone as he had any rule in the common wealth he shoulde bée a mortall ennimie to the Romanes Therfore he purposed to put his country to great and continuall dangers that by that feare he might preserue hys own his friends matters from perâ—ll Therfore when he saw that Affâ—â—ca was in good state and the Iberians that were vnder the Carthagies lyke to continue in obedience he thoughte he shoulde winne unmortall fame if he made warre agayne vppon the Romanes by the feare whereof the Carthagies shoulde be occupied and mighte by good fortune suboue to hys Countrey the Empire of all the worlde For hée hoped that if the Romanes were broughte downe that none shoulde be able to matche wyth hym but if it chaâ—nced otherwise yet hys enterprise shoulde be honorable And that the beginning myght bréede his estimation if he pasied the floude Iberâ—â— he caused the Torboletanes whych be nexte the Saguntines to come comylaine that the Saguntines had made râ—des vpoÌ„ them â—one them other hurts Which being persâ—aded by him he seÌ„t theyr Ambassadors to Carthage and he wrote letters priuilye in the whiche he signified that the Romanes practised with â—he Iberians of the Carthage iurisdiction to reuolte from them and that the Saguntines didde procure the same from the Romaynes and that there was no deceit left vndone And of this he wrote many letters till the Senate appointed him to do with the Saguntines that shoulde be profitable to the common wealth Hee haning got this occasion practised with the Torboletans agayn that they should come to him and complaine againe of the Saguntines who also sent fiftéene Ambassadoures to hym And when Anniball wylied them to declare their controuersies and they anuÌ„â—ered they woulde make the Romanes their Judges they were commanded of Anniball to go out of hys campe And that night passing the ryuer he inuaded that lande and set hys artillerie agaynst their Citie which when he could not take he compassed with ditche wall and trench Then placing many garrisons he continued the siege and in fewe dayes wente and came dyuerse tymes The Saguntines being in great feare with these sodaine euils sent Ambassadours to Rome to whome the Senate ioyned their Ambassadoures and sent firste to Anniball to put him in remembraunce of the league who if he would not obey they shoulde go to Carthage and aceuse hym Wyth these Ambassadoures they went to Iberia and when they came from their Shyppes to the Campe they were commanded of Anniball to go no surther Wherefore they went to Carthage wyth the Saguntine Ambassadors where they sheâ—â—ed that the league was broken They on the other side accused the Saguntines and saide they had done hurte to their Subiectes The Saguntines on the contrary side called them to the iudgement of the Romanes They sayde the iudgement was in vame when the matter muste bee tryed by force Whiche when the Romaines vnderstoode some thought ayde to bée sente out of handâ— to the Saguntines some denyed it affyrmyng the Saguntines not to be comprehended in the league but lefte frée So as bothe the besâ—â—gers and the besieged muste vse their own lawes whiche sentence prâ—uaâ—â—ed But the Saguntines being destitute of
sent to Rome where thrée dayes togither holy dayes were made bycause it séemed that the Citie was restored to the auntiente dignitie after so manye euils All Spayne and the Carthagineans were astonished with the great acte that was done so valiantly and so spéedely Scipio leauing a strong garrison in the Citie commaunded that parte of the wall that was next the fenne to be made higher and he went to subdue the rest of Hiberia which he did by going himselfe to some of them and sending his frieÌ„ds to other and taking them by force that resisted Of the Carthagies the Captaynes being both Asdrubals the one sonne of Aâ—ilcare and hauyng an army of strangers in the furthest part of Spayne the other the sonne of Gisgo exhorted the Cities that remained in the Carthagies obedience to continue in the same for a greate armye should come shortly to help them He sent another Mago into the next places to gather men and he entred the Countrey of Lersanes which reuâ—lled from the Carthagies to beséege a Citie But Scipio comming vpon him he wente into Granata and set his Camp at the Citie where the next day he was easily ouercome for Scipio put him from his Campe and got all Grannata Mago was occupyed in gathering of Souldyoures which were yet in Spayne at Cerbona that with all his power hée myght encounter with the Romanes Many Spanyardes ioyned with Mago and many Numidians being commaunded of Massinissa Asdruball kepte in his Campe with the footemen of these nations Mago and Massinissa with the horsemen had their camp before the army They being thus Scipio diuided his horsemen and sent one part with Lelio against Mago and he went agaynst Massinissa The fight was long sharp and dangerous the Numidians setting on and going backe and comming againe to the fighte with their shotte But when Scipio gaue a token to hys Souldyoures that the Romanes shoulde follow them and fyghte with them with their speares the Numidians being destitute of shotte were putte to flight and retired to their tentes Scipio encamped tenne furlongs from them in a strong place as he desired The whole strength of the Carthagies was .lxx. thousande footemen fiue thousande horse and thirtie Elephants Scipio had not the third part therefore he was doubtfull a while and durst not ioyne with the whole battell but continued with skirmishing whose victuall béeing almost spent and the army beginning to lacke he thought it vnhonorable to departe and doe nothing therefore making sacrifice and bringing his armye where he mighte well be hearde framing his countenance and looke as though he had bin inspired of God he said his accustomed Angell hadde bin with him and exhorted him to fighte by reason whereof they shoulde rather trust in the power of God than in the number of men chiefly bycause his other attemptes were brought to good effect by the power diuine and not by the multitude of Souldyoures To make credite to his wordes hée caused the southsayers to shew them the sacrifices And whiles he spake thus hée espyed certayne birdes fléeyng vnto whome turning hym selfe he badde the Souldyoures beholde them saying that God dyd sende them that token of victory also and that way the birdes flewe he turned hys bodye as one rapte with a diuine furie and wyth hys eyes fixed cryed Wherfore all the armye turned with him hither and thither and euerye man exhorted other as to a certayne victory When he sawe the thing come to passe as he woulde not suffering the courage of the souldyoure to relent he made no delay but as one taken with all one diuine furie the tokens and ceremonies of theyr good lucke being shewed he sayd it must be obeyed and y battell must be made WheÌ„ the Souldyoures had refreshed theÌ„selues he coÌ„manded to take armor He coÌ„mitted y horsemeÌ„ to Sillano the â—otemeÌ„ to Lâ—lio Martio Asdruball Mago Massinissa WheÌ„ they saw they were taken of the suddaine of Scipio being but tenne â—urlongs betwéene the Camps they blow the â—â—â—â—â— nor without consusion and tumult therefore the battell being â—egâ—â—â—â— the Romane horsemen vsing their old arte were supâ—â—â—ourâ— following hard their enimies and beating theÌ„ with their spearâ—s though they fayned to flee and turne againe for the Romanes being continually at their heeles kepte them from their shooting bycause they were so nigh The footemen being ouerlayd with the Libyans continued all day and although Scipio ranne aboute and exhorted them to the fight â–ª they would neuer giue any fierce onsette til he delyuering his horse to his squire toke a souldioures target and wente alone into the middest betwéene both armies crying helpe Romanes help your Scipio in this perill Therefore they that were nigh seing him in so great perill and they that were further off hearing him all being moued both with shame and danger of their Generall exhorted one another and went against their enimies with great vehemence which when the Affricanes were not able to abide they turned their backes therfore partly wéerie with fight and partly weake with samine the nighte being at hand they were vtterly ouerthrowne This was the ende of the fighte at Cerbona in the whiche the victorye was doubtfull eight hundred Romanes were slaine and tenne thousand fiue huÌ„dred of the enimies From that time the Carthagies made hast to be gone Scipio followed and endamaged them al wayes that was possible but when they were come to a place strong and well watered and full of their necessaries so as the matter required a séege Scipio left Sillanus to hold them in and he wente to winne the rest of Spaine The Carthagies that were beséeged of Sillanus remoued and went to Cales to passe the Sea and when Sillanus had done them as much hurt as he could he returned with his army to Scipio Asdruball Amilchars sonne whiche was gathering of men at the North Ocean was called of his brother Anniball to come into Italy so soone as he could The whiche that he mighte doe vnknowen to Scipio be passed the Pirenian hilles that were nexte the North with the Celtiberians that he had and so the Romanes being ignorant Asdruball came to Italy with great iourneys In the meane season Liuius comming from Rome tolde Scipio that the Senate minded to make hym Captayne of the warre of Carthage which thing Scipio loked for and trusting it woulde be so sent Laelius with fiue Shyppes to King Syphax with many giftes to remember vnto him the friendship that had bin betwéene him and the Scipios and to aske him if he came into Africa whether he would be friend to the Romanes whiche Syphax promised to doe and receyued the giftes and sente Scipio others When the Carthagies vnderstoode that they sente Embassadors to Siphax also to remember him of societie and league which Scipio vnderstanding and minding to preuent the Carthagies bycause it was a matter of greate importance with two Gallies onely and with Laelius wente vnto him
second next Alexander he sayde Pirrhus of Epirota putting the vertue of a Captayne in boldenesse for there can not be found a more couragious Kyng than hée Scipio now was gréeued and againe asked him whome he thoughte to bée the thirde thinking verily he woulde haue named him he aunswered my selfe for béeing a yong man I subdued Spayne and with mine armie passed the Alpes into Italy the firste after Hercules that so haue done I inuaded it when none of you durst doe any thyng I ouerthrewe foure hundred Townes and broughte youre Citie many times into daunger hauing neyther money nor men sent me out of Carthage When Scipio perceyued he dyd so of purpose aduance himselfe he smyled and sayde in what place wouldest thou haue put thy selfe O. Anniball if thou hadst not bin ouercome of me He perceyuing this emulation sayde I woulde haue set my selfe before Alexander So dyd Anniball continue in his lofty talke and yet secretely please Scipio as making hym better than Alexander Thys talke being ended Anniball desired Scipio to hys lodging Scipio sayde he woulde come very gladly but that it should cause suspition betwéene Antiachus and the Romanes Thus these noble Captaynes ended theyr malice when the warre was ended but so dyd not Flaminius For when Antiochus was ouercome and Anniball fledde and sauing himselfe in Bithinia he being sente Embassadour for other purpose to Prusia not being iniured by Anniball nor commaunded of the Romanes nor to be feared bycause the power of Carthage was abated kylled him with poyson by Prusias consente of the whyche it is sayde hée was warned before by an Oracle after thys sort The lande of Libyssa shall couer Annibals body He thoughte he shoulde haue dyed in Libya but Libyssus is a floud in Bithinia and the Countrey is called Libyssa of the floud This remembrance haue I made of the noble myndes of Anniball and Scipio and of the cowardly heart of Flaminius Antiochus comming from Pisidia towarde Ephesus gaue audience to the Embassadoures of the Rhodians and promised that the Rhodians the Byzantines and Cyzioneans and other Gréeke Cities in Asia shoulde be frée if he entred league with the Romanes the Aetâ—leans and the Ionians he would not grant so to be bycause for the most part they had bin vsed to obey the barbarous kings of Asia The Romane Embassadoures bringing nothing to passe for they came not to doe any thyng in déede but to espie they returned to Rome The Embassadors of the Aetolians came to Antiochus of the whiche Thoas was chiefe offering him the leading of theyr armie and wishing he woulde sayle into Grecia as to a sure thing not tarrying for hys armie to come out of high Asia but settyng forthe theyr owne strength promised him the ayde of the Lacedemonians and of Philip Kyng of Macedonie angry at the Romanes so hée woulde make hys voyage wyth spéede Hée was moued very lightely and woulde not stay his hast although he hearde out of Asia that hys sonne was dead and with tenne thousande only sayled into Eubâ—ia all the whyche he gotte they yéelding for feare Micithion his Captayne setting vpon the Romanes at Delos whyche is an holy place of Apollo kylled part of them and part toke alyue Aminander Kyng of the Athamanes came into league with Antiochus by this occasion One Alexander of Maecedonia béeing brought vp in Megalopoli and made frée of that common wealth fayned himselfe to come of Alexander sonne to Philip and to gyue credite to hys deuice he named hys children Philip and Alexander and Apamea whome he married to Amynander Philip hir brother going with hir to the marriage and perceyuing that Amynander was a weake man and of little experience remayned wyth hys brother in lawe to gouerne the Kyngdome This Philip Antiochus promised to restore the kingdome of Macedony as his owne and by this meane had the Athamaneans his confederates He had also the Thebanes and wente to Thebes to speake to the people Thus he very rashly in so great a war put his trust in the Aetolians Thebanes and AmynaÌ„der Then he consulted whether it were better to inuade Thessaly out of hand or to tarrie till Winter were past Anniball being at this consultation and saying nothing the king coÌ„maunded him to say his opinion first and thus he spake Thou mayest easilie ouercome the Thessalians eyther now or after winter for the people hauing bin much vexed do turne to thée now and so will doe to the Romanes if any innouation commeth We be come with our owne power giuing credite to the Aetolians persuasion that the Lacedemonians and Philip will take our part of the which the Lacedemonians be our Enimies as I heare and so be the Acheans As for Philip I can not sée that he can be any great ayde vnto thée in this warre being on thy side nor make any great power whatsoeuer part he taketh but this is mine aduise that thou sendest for thine army with all speede into Asia and not put thy trust in AmynaÌ„der or the Aetolians when the army is come to send it into Italy that béeing occupyed with troubles at home they may leaue them vntouched and being afraide of themselues may not vexe other men And now that manner is not to be held of vs that I spake of afore for we must vse the one halfe of oure naâ—ie to wast the coast of Italy the other halfe we must haue a flote to vse as occasion shall require and thy selfe with all thy footemen must remaine in that part of Grecia that is next Italy making a shewe of inuasion and if néede be to inuade indéede and to induce Philip by all meanes possible to agrée with thée for it shall much auayle which part he taketh in this warre If he will not bée broughte in thou shalt sende thy sonne Seleucus into Thracia and molest him with euils at home that he be not profitable to thine enimies abroade Thus Anniball said and it was the best of all but for enuie of his fame and wisedome as well other as the king himselfe that Anniball shoulde not séeme to passe them all in the arte of warre nor he haue the prayse of that shoulde be done All hys counsell was reiected sauing that Polyxenides was sent into Asia for the army When the Romanes hearde of the entring of Antiochus into Grecia and of the killing and taking of the Romanes at Delus they determined warre Thus Antiochus and the Romanes warre growing long before of suspition one of another did now firste breake out in déede And bycause Antiochus had the rule of many nations in high Asia and of all that inhabite the sea coast sauing a fewe and for that he was entred Europa and hadde a dreadfull name and a greate preparation and otherwise hadde done many notable things by the which he had gotten y name of Greate the Romanes thoughte this warre would be daungerous and of long continuance They
had Philip of Macedome in suspition being ouercome of them not long before And in the league with the Cartheginians they had no great trust Anniball being with Antiochus And of their other subiects they had some doÌ„ubt least the glory of Antiochus should make them séeke new attemptes Therefore they senâ—e garrisons to euery one to gouerne them in peaceable manner and sente Captaynes to the armyes whome they call of sixe axies bycause the Consuls hadde twelue and twelue roddes as the olde Kyngs vsed and bycause these officers had halfe authoritie they hadde halfe the shewe And as in a greate feare carefull for Italy least some disturbance mighte happen to them eyther by the violence or fauour of Antiochus they sente a greate bande of footemen to Tarento there to bée ready at all assayes and a Nauie sayled ouer all the coast So great a feare of Antiochus was at the first When they hadde thus at home giuen order in all things at the begynning they gathered theyr army againste Antiochus Of themselues they hadde twenty thousand of theyr confederates twice so many with the whyche they woulde passe into Ionia And in thys preparation they spente the whole Winter Antiochus wente into Thessalia and being come vnto Cynochâ—phalia where the Macedonians hadde a greate ouerthrowe of the Romanes he honorably buryed thâ—se that laye vnburyed thynkyng thereby to winne the Macedonians to him and withdrawe them from Philip that hadde lefte hys Souldyoures vnburyed that serued vnder hys Standerd Philip hearyng thys was in a greate perplexitie wyth hymselfe whyche parte he shoulde take but yet dyd cleaue to the Romanes and streyghte sente to Bebius a Captayne of the Romanes lying not farre off to come to hym to a certayne place assuring hym that hée woulde take the Romanes parte against the Kyng For the whyche Bebius thanking hym was the more bolde to sende Appius Claudius out of Macedonte into Thessaly with two thousande footemen And when Appius was at Tempe and perceyued where Antiochus lay wyth his army he made many fyres to couer the fewnesse of hys armye But Antiochus thynkyng that Bebius and Philip hadde bene come togyther was afrayde and brake vp hys Campe making Winter the pretence and wente to Calcida There hée was caughte wyth the loue of a mayde béeyng aboue fiftye yeares of age and hauyng so greate a warre in hande hée woulde néedes marry hyr and make pastymes whereby hée broughte hys armye to greate ydlenesse and change that Winter When the Spring was come hée wente to Aâ—arnania where he perceyued that hys armye was vtterly vnprofitable through ydlenesse and then repented hym of hys marriage and feastings and when hée hadde gotten some of the Countrey to hys obedience and subdued the rest hearing that the Romanâ—s were passed into Ionia hée returned to Chalcide The Romanes wyth diligence and two thousande good Horsemen and thirtie thousande footemen and some Elephantes Acinius Manius Glabrie béeyng Generall from Brunduse arriuing at Appolonia wente to Thessalie and delyuered the Cities of theyr enimies And where they founde any garrisons of the Macedonians they put them out and Philippus of Magalopolis was taken prisoner hopyng yet for the kingdome of Macedonia and they tooke thrée thousande of Antiochus men And whyles Manius did this Philip inuaded Athamania and made it all subiect Amynander fleeing into Ambracia Whyche when Antiochus hearde and the speedy doyng of the thyngs hee was in feare bycause of the suddayne change and alteration and then vnderstoode that Annihall gaue hym good counsell Therefore hée sente one after another to Polyxenida to stirre with all spéede and hée gathered as many as hée coulde in all places and thys done hee hadde of his owne footemen tenne thousande and fyue hundred Horse wyth the whyche and some confederates he tooke Thermopyle that hys enimies might haue the harder passage and hée tarrie for hys armye out of Asia Thermopyle is a streighte and a long passage the whyche a rough Sea withoute portes dothe partly compasse and a Fenne déepe and without way Two toppes it hathe in the rockes of the hylles the one is called Tichiunta and the other Callidromus The place hathe welles of hâ—te water and thereof is called Thermopyle Antiochus made a wall double at it and placed engines at the wall and sente the Aetolians to the toppes of the Mountaynes that no man shoulde passe by that that was called Atropos where Xerxes came agaynste Leonida the Captayne of the Lâ—cedemonians when no man kepte the hylles The Aâ—tolians placed one thousande in eyther toppe and wyth the rest beséeged the Citie Heraclea When Manius perceyued thys preparation of the enimies hée gaue order to fyghte the nexte morning and commaunded two of hys Tribunes that is Marcus Cato and Lucius Valerius that they shoulde assayle in the nyghte whyche of the hylles they woulde and if they coulde dryue the Aâ—tolians from the toppes Lucius was repulsed from Tiâ—hiunta the Aâ—tolians there béeyng too good for hym Marcus Cato wente againste Callidramâ—s and passed the enimies being asléepe to the last watche and then hadde a greate conflict striuing to gette the high and rocky places and the enimies to kéepe hym backe Manius ledde hys armye on the face of Antiochus diuided into small bandes for so coulde he only doe in the streightes The Kyng commaunded the lighte harnessed and target men to fyghte before the mayne battell the whyche hée placed before the Camp. On the righte side he sette the slingers and archers in the hygh places and the Elephantes on the lefte syde and the bande that was euer about hym he wylled to stande at the Sea side The fyghte being begunne the shotte running hyther and thyther dyd muche trouble Manius but hée â—esisting manfully and gyuing backe and agayne commyng on hée putâ—e them to flighte Then the battell of the Macedonians opening themselues receyued them and closed agayne and thrust forthe theyr long pykes 〈…〉 togyther in order By thys manner the Lacedemontans vnder Alexander and Philip dyd trouble their enimies that dâ—râ—â— not approche to the pykes so long and so many Then of a suddayne was séene the fléeing and crying of the Aetolians dryuen to Antiochus Campe the whyche at the firste was not knowen what it was whyche ignorance caused trouble and doubte till Cato appeared followyng them wyth a greate shoute and béeyng come to the Kyngs Campe Antiochus menne that hadde hearde muche of the Romanes valiantnesse were afrayde and acknowledged theyr owne ydlenesse and delicatenesse the Wynter passed to be the cause why they thys time were the worse to doe theyr office and not séeyng perfitlye what number Cato hadde and for feare thinking he had more than he had and beyng afrayde of the Campe they fledde to it out of order to keepe away the enimie The Romanes comming vppon them entred the Campe wyth them Then was there another â—oule fléeyng of Antiochus
menne Manius followed them to Scarpheia killing and taking some then comming from Scarpheia he spoyled the Kyngs campe and he droue the Aetolians from the Romanes campe which they had taken in his absence presently In this fighte was slaine of the Romanes twoo hundred with them that folowed the chase Antiochus lost tenne thousand with them that were taken The king himselfe at the first change ranne with fiue hundred horse to Velatia neuer staying and from Velatia to Calcida and to Ephesus with Eubia his newe wyfe for so was hir name with his shippes he â—ledde but not with all for the admirall of the Romanes had taken some that came to him laden with victuals At Rome when this victorie was heard and séeming to be very happily and spéedily obtained they gaue thankes to God all men beyng gladde that the firste triall had so good successe in the warre that was so fearful to them for the fame of Antiochus And to requite Philip for his true confederacte they sent him his sonne Demetrius that was pledge with them Marius released the Phoceans and Calcideans and other that followed Antiochus of the feare they were in But the Aâ—tolians togither with Phillip he inuaded and ouerthrewe their Citties He tooke Damocritus their Generall that was hidden and had threatned Flaminius that he would encampe at Tiber. Then he went to Calipolis by the hyll called Coraca the highest and hardest to be passed of al other being verye rockye with his army laden with spoilâ— Many fell from the harde way into the stony partes and tumbled downe with their armor and burdens And where the Aâ—tolians might haue troubled them they appeared not but sent Ambassadours to Rome for peace Antiochus with greate diligence called hys armye from the land rulers to the sea side preparing his nauye of the whyche Polixenides an outlawe of the Rhodes was Admiral and â—ayled to Cherronesuâ— and fortified it again and sent garrison to Sestus and Abydus by the whiche the Romanes muste passe into Asia He made Lysimachia the store house of the warre bringing thither muche armoure and victualls thinking the Romanes would soone be there with great power and naâ—y The Româ—aynes appoynted Lâ—â—â—â—â— Scipio brother to Publiâ—â— Scipio that ouercame Carthageâ— and was fyrste named Affricanus successoure to Mâ—nius in thys warre béeing then Consull And bycause hée was not practised nor experienced in the warre they sente hys brother wyth hym as a Counselloure and these brethren prepared themselues Liuius that hadde the chardge of Italy was sente successoure to Attâ—lio in the nauye and strayght wyth his owne Shyppes with the whiche hee scowred the coaste of Italiâ— and with certaine that were lent of the Carthagies and some other friendes hee sayled to Piraeâ— â–ª and receyuing the nauye of Atilius wyth fourescore and one armed Shyppes Eâ—menes followyng hym wyth fyftye of hys owne halfe of them béeyng armed they arryued at Phocida subiect to Antiochus who for feare receyued them and the nexte daye they wente foorthe to the fight by sea Polixenides the Admirall of Antiochus came foorthe wyth two hundred Shyppes lighter than the enimy whych was happy for them the greate Shyppes of the Romaynes not béeyng yet practised Séeyng twoo of the Carthagies commyng before hée tooke them bothe wyth three of hys but emptye the Lybians béeing leapte into the Sea. Liuius with great vehemence gaue the fyrste charge vppon these thrée wyth hys Admirall ship goyng far afore the rest of the nanye â–ª They not â—earing thys one Shyppe dyd caste theyr hookes of yron the Shyps beeing grapled togither it seemed a fyght vpon the lande The Romanes béeyng more valyant they bourded and ouercame them and wyth one ship carrying awaye twoo they returned Thâ—s was a skirmishe to the fyghte For then the whole nauyes foughte togyther the Romaynes béeyng the better in strength and courage But bycause of the heauinesse of theyr vessells they coulde not ouertake the other lyghte Shyppes when they fledde whyche they dydde wyth all spéede to Ephesus â–ª And the Romanes went to Xio whither seuen and twenty of the Rhodian Shippes theyr friends came to them When Antiochus hearde of thys fyghte by sea hée sente Annibal into Syria for other shyppes from Phoenitia and Cilicia and when he came the Rhodians droue him into Pamphilia taking parte of hys Shyppes and lying in wayte for the other Publius Scipio came into Aetolia with the Consull and hauing the armye of Manius hée disdayned to make siege to the Citties of Aetolâ—a as a small matter and gaue them leaue to sende another Ambassage to Rome Hée would trye it with Antiochus before his brothers office shoulde ende And so passed by Macedonia and Thracia to Hellespâ—nâ— whyche was a paynefull and harde waye vnto hym notwithstanding that Phillippe of Macedonie did guide hym making brydges and preparing victuals for him For the which the twoo Scipions released hym of the reste of the money that he hadde to paye for so they had order of the Senate if they founde hym faithful Then they sente to Prusias Kyng of Bythinia declaryng howe manye Kyngs the Romaynes hadde aduaunced that were their confederates And nowe to Philippe of Macedonie whome they had ouercome of late they graunted his kingdome they restored his sonne that was pledge for him and forgaue the mony be oughte them When Prusias hearde this he ioyned with them against Antiochus When Liuius the Admirall of the Romane nauye heard that the Scipions were commyng he left Pausimachus the Rhodiane with the Rhodian ships in Aeolide and parte of his owne nâ—uy with al the rest he sailed to Hellespont to receiue the army And Sestus Rhateion the portes of the Acheans yéelded to him A bydâ—â— that disobeyed he besieged When Liuius was gone â–ª Pausimachus made manye diuises and inuentions and sundry engines and fastened yron vessells carrying fyre â—o long Shippe staues to heaue vppe manye â–ª fyres in the Sea and to caste it oute of his owne shippes when hée shoulde ioyne with his ennimyes Whiles he was thus deuising Polyxenides the Admirall of Antiochus a Radian also and banished from hys Countrey for certayne causes went aboute to deceyue hym promising to deliuer to hym Antiochus nauy if he woulde helpe to restore hym to hys Countrey He suspected this crafty subtil man and tooke good héede of him But when Polyxenides didde write a letter of hys owne hande of this treason and departed from Ephesus and sent the army a forragyng for a fashion Pausimachus séeyng hys departure from thence and that not trusting any man with this treason he woulde wryte it with hys owne hande whych was not lyke to be done of a dissembler he gaue credite to it and kept lesse guarde and sent his men to forrage abroade also When Polyxenides perceyued he had deceyued him he gathered hys army and sent Nicander a Pirate wyth a fewe to Samos to
come vpon Pausimachus on the backe by lande At mydnyghte he set forwarde and at the mornyng watche beyng asléepe hée assayled hym He being taken thus sodainelye and vnprepared commaunded hys souldioures to leaue their shippes and resiste the enimy by lande But when Nicander came vpon him on the backe thinking the land beset also not onely of them whom hée sawe but of many mo beyng yet night he returned agayne to hys shyppes wyth muche adoe and was the firste that fought and the firste that fell vsing himselfe very valiauntlye The other were eyther taken or suncke sauing the seauen that carryed fyre wyth whome none durste meddle for the flame which fledde The rest Polyxenides ledde awaye as pryses to Ephesus After thys victorye Phocea once againe Samos and Cyme reuolted to Aâ—iâ—â—ochus Liuius beyng nowe afraide of hys Shyppes that hée lefte in Aeolide sayled thither in haste and Eumenes with hym The Rodians sent the Romanes twentye Shyppes more making no delaye all wyth good courage sayled to Ephesus preparing themselues to the fight But when none of the other came against them they lefte the halfe of their shippes a good time in the sea and with the other halfe they spoyled the coaste of the enimie tyl Nicander came vppon them from the lande and taking their praye from them droue them to their Shippes They came again to Samos â–ª and nowe was the time of Liuius office expired At this tyme Seleucus Antiochus his sonne inuaded Eumenes lande and besieged Pergamo shutting the men within the Cittie Wherefore Eumenes sayled wyth spéede to Elaea whyche is the porte Towne of his Kyngdome and L. Aemilius Regulus wyth him that succéeded Liuius in the matters of the sea There came to Eumenes from hys confederats one thousand footemen and a hundred choise horsemen Whose Generall Diophanes when hée perceyued the Souldiours of Seleucus to play and drinke he passed little of them and required the Pergameneans to sally out with him vpon the enimy But when they durste not do it he armed hys own thousand footemen and hundred horsemen and leading them to the wall stoode there quietly the enimies lookyng stil vpon them being so few yet durst not set vpon them But when they were at dinner he gaue the onset vpoÌ„ the warders the other arming theÌ„selues or taking their horses or fléeing from them that folowed or béeing in confusion durste not abide it He hadde a noble victorie the Pergamenians then crying oute of the wall but yet durste not come foorth He hauing slaine as manye as he coulde in that shorte onset and carying away some horses and men prisoners he tooke hys place the next day brought the Acheans to y wal when as the Pergamenians durste not yet come out Seleucus with many horsemen drewe neare and prouoked hym but hee stoode still at the wall and kept his charge When Seleucus hadde tarryed tyll middaye hée tourned and wente awaye Diophanes set vppon the hindermost and scattered and hurte many of them whyche béeyng done hée retired to the wall And vsyng thys manner continuallye and alwaies laying in wayte for them when they went for forrage and wood he so troubled them as he made Seleucus to leaue Pergamâ— and droue hym from the other place of Eumenes Betwéene the Romanes and Polyxenides not long after was a fyght by sea at Myonesâ—m in the whiche Polixenides hadde ten hundred armed shippes Lucius the Romanes Admirall hadde .83 of the whiche fyue and twenty were of the Rhodians whereof Eudorus beyng capitaine had the left wing When he did sée the other of Polixenides to be much aboue the Romanes he feared to bée inclosed therefore he sayled aboute with his lighte shippes and well practised in the Sea. And with his shippes that carryed fyre he set vppon Polixenides flaming on euery side with fire They durste not deale wyth them bicause of the fire but in a circle sayled about them and auoyding them kéeping the sea stroke the sides of them till one Rhodian shippe fell vppon one of the Sydonian Shippes wyth suche a vehemence as an anker fell from the Sidonian Shyppe in to the Rhodian and helde them faste togither So as there was a fight of shyppes not mouing as it had bin vpon the lande Then commyng of either side very many to helpe their fellowe there was a noble fyghte By this me ane thâ—midde battell of the Shyppes of Antiochus beyng lefte naked the Romaynes sayled forwarde and enclosed theyr vnexperte ennimyes whyche when they perceyued they turned and fledde in the whyche the King loste nine and twentye whereof thyrtéene were taken menne and all The Romanes loste but twoo Polixenides hauyng taken one Rhodian went to Ephesus This was the fyghte by Sea at Myonesium When Antiochus heard of this he fortified Cherronesus and Lysimachia verye stronglye thinking it a greate matter as it was indéede to héepe the Romanes from passyng wyth theyr armye to the reste of Thracia where they shoulde haue an harde and painefull way except Philip did conuey them But Antiochus beyng aâ—â—â—ies lighte and soone chaunging when he hearde of the losse at Myonesus hée was vlterlye dysmayed and thoughte God was againste hym For where the Romanes hadde the better on the sea beyonde all reason in the whiche he thought himselfe very mighty and Anniâ—al shutte vppe in Pamphilia and Philip conducting the Romaynes by the vnknowne wayes whome he thoughte woulde rather haue remembred the hurte he hadde by them by all these thinges béeing meruellously troubled and God taking his wiâ—â— from hym as commonly hapneth in all calamities he left Cherronesus very fondly before his enimies were in sighte not regarding howe greate preparation there was of victuall armoure money and munition whyche hée dydde not burne but lefte it whole to his ennimyes and he forsooke the Lysimachians as thoughe the Cittie hadde bene taken whyche fledde vnto hym with theyr wiues and children wéeping onelye hys care was to kéepe the Romaynes from Abydus putting the reste of his hope of thys warre altogyther in it Neyther dydde hée kéepe this passage God taking his sense from hym but went to the midde lande in haâ—â—e to preuente hys ennimye leauing no guarde there When the Scipions hearde of thys departure they went to Lysimachia in all haste and tooke all the armoure and money in Cherroneso and quicklye passed Hellespont voyde of defence and came to Sardies where the Kyng was before he perceyued it Then hée was confounded and vtterlye deiected and laying hys owne faultes vppon Fortune hée sente Heraclides of Byzance to the Scipions to make an ende of the warre offering Smyrna and Alexandrîa at Granico and Lampsaco for the whiche the warre béeganne and halfe the expences of the warre And hée willed him 〈◊〉 néede were to graunte the Citties of the Ionians and the Eoleans that tooke the Romaynes parte in thys warre and whatsoeuer thyng the Scipions woulde require
killed them in the chase with suche a slaughter and bloudshed as it could not be numbred for the multitude He tooke prisoners fortie thousand he burned their armour and solde their bodies to the nexte Barbarians â–ª bycause he coulde not carry suche a company aboute in the warre The Tectosagans and Trocmans put him in daunger by deceite from the whiche he escaped And returning againe vppon them remayning and staying bycause they were so many he brought his shotte commaunding them to discharge vppon them neither all togither nor too nighe the enimie and where no arrow was shot in vaine for the thickenesse of the enimies he slewe eighte thousande and chased the other to the flonde Alys Ariarathes Kyng of Cappadocia and a confederate of Antiochus being afraide and praying peace and with his prayer sending two hundred talentes he didde not ouerrunne hys lande but wente to Hellespont with greate riches and infinite money muche spoile and armye laden And surely he did very vnwisely that being Sommer he woulde not go by sea not regarding the waighte of the carriage nor how he coulde leade hys army to continewe and abide so long a iorney not marching to war but going home with spoyles He went by Thracia a streight long and harde waye in the hote Sommer neither did he sende to Philip of Macedonie to conducte him neither diuided his army into many parts that they might go the lighter and be the more readye for all purposes nor distributing the burdens into seueral bands that they might be the better kepte but caryed al togither on an beape so long a way that in the middest so that neither they that went before nor they behind could helpe in time for the lenath and straightnesse of the way Wherfore the Thracians setting vpoÌ„ the flâ—nks of him euery where he loste greate parte of the pray and of the common treasure and of his army and with the reste he saued himselfe in Macedonie And then was it well perceyued howe much pleasure Philip shewed the Scipions and howe muche Antiochus eâ—â—ed in leauing Cherronesus Thus Manlius wente from Macedonia to Thessalie and from Thessalie to Epirus and from Epirus sayled to Brunduse where sending hys armye euery manne home he went to Rome The Rhodians and Eumenes king of Pergamus aduauncing themselues for their seruice against Antiochus â–ª Eumenes went to Rome and the Rhodians sent Ambassadours The Romanes gaue to the Rhodians Lycia and Caria the whyche not long after they tooke from them bycause when they hadde warre wyth Perseus of Macedonie they seemed more enclined to hym than them To Eumenes they gaue all the reste that they had taken from Antiochus excepte the Gréekes there and to them that payde anye tribute to Attalus his father they commaunded to pay it to Eumenes The tribute that they paide before to Antiochus they forgaue them and graunted them to liue frée Thus the Romanes diuided their conquest and when Antiochus the Greate was deade Seleucus hys sonne succéedyng hym hée sente for his brother Antiochus that was pledge at Rome and putte hys sonne Demetrius in hys place When Antiochus was come to Athens Seleucus was killed of one Heliâ—dâ—rius that was aboute him And Eumenes and Attalus droue Heliâ—dâ—rus oute of the Kingdome whiche hée vsurped and restored it to Antiochus to haue hys friendshippe for nowe they were growne into some suspition with the Romanes Thus Antiochus the sonne of Greate Antiochus was kyng of Syria who of the Syrians was called the Notable bicause wheÌ„ his kingdome was rauished by others he shewed to be their natural king Making league with Eumenes he raigned ouer Syria and the nations aboute it mightilye He made Tymarxus lieutenaunt of Babylon and Heraclides hys Treasourer beyng brethren and in great fauour wyth hym He made warre vppon Artaxes King of Armenia whome when hée hadde taken hée dyed leauing Antiochus his sonne of nine yeares of age whom for his fathers vertue the Syrians called Eupater Lysias brought vppe this child When the Romanes heard that Antiochus was deade so soone who in a little tyme had gote great fame they were glad Demetrius the sonne of Seleucus brother to Antiochus the Notable nephew to Antiochus the Great cousin to this child being pledge at Rome and of thrée and twentye yeares of age requyred to be admytted to the Kyngdome as more neare to him but it was denyed hym not thinking it good for them that a lustye young man shoulde raigne in a childes place And vnderstanding that there were manye Elephantes in Syria and more Shyps than was agréede they sent Ambassadoures to kyll the Elephantes and burne the Shippes It was a grieuous thing to sée those beastes tame and rare killed and the ships to bée sette on fyre Wyth the whiche fighte one Lâ—ptines in Lâ—â—dicia being offended finding Cneus Octauius that was chiefe of this Embassage in a Schoole house kylled hym and Lysias buried hym Demetrius comming againe into the Senate desired onelye to be released of his Ostageship being put there for Antiochus and nowe Antiochus beyng dead The whiche when he coulde not obtayne he fledde awaye priuily and being receyued gladlye of the Syrians hée tooke the Kingdome vpon him and killed the child and Lysias and droue awaye Heraclides and killed Timarchus resisting him and euill vsing the Babilonians for the whiche the Babilonians gaue him the name of Sâ—ter and of them it had the beginning Demetrius hauing the rule sent a Crowne of tenne thousande Crownes to the Romanes to thanke them for the tyme hée was pledge with them and also Leptines that killed Octauius They accepted the Crown but would not take Leptines reseruing that quarrell againste the Syrians Demetrius droue Ariarathes oute of his kingdome and putte in Olâ—fernes that was accounted hys brother for a thousand talentes the Romanes thinking it good bothe brethren shoulde rule togither These being gone and Ariobarzanes afterward ouercome of Mithridates king of Pâ—ntâ—â— the warre of Mithridates followed of this and other occasion the greatest and most variable made with so manye nations and continuing fortie yeres in the whiche time there were many Kings of Syria in a little time yet all descended of the royall bloude There were many changes and tumults in that kingdome The Parthians reuolting from the rule of Seleucide tooke from them Mesopotamia that was wont to obey them Tigranes the sonne of Tigranes King of Armenia toke certayne nations aboute him that had their proper princes thinking to be their King and ouercame Seleucides subiectes that would not obey him Antiochus the Good not able to resist him he gotte all Syrâ—a to Euphrates and all the generation of Syria to Aegipt He gote also Cilicia that obeyed the house of Seleucides making Magadates Lieutenante who ruled them fouretéene yeares but when Lucullus the Romane Generall did follow Mithridates fleing to Tigranes Magadates wente with this
to Massinissa from Sophonisba Syphax wife to excuse the necessitie of that mariage Massinisse receyueth hir gladly and went againe to Scipio leauing hir at Cyrta to sée what was best to be done hereafter Scipio sayd to Syphax What Spirite tooke thée when thou wast a friend to me praying me to come into Libya to breake thy faith with God by whom thou diddest sweare after God to breake it with the Romanes to choose to make warre for Carthage against the Romanes séeing the Carthaginians not long before were thyne enimies He said Sophonisba the daughter of Asdruball whome I loued to my losse she louing hir Country so deatly able to perswade a man to what she list turned me from you to hir couÌ„try and from so greate felicitie hath brought me to so great misery Therefore I counsell thée for nowe being yours and put from Sophinisba I ought to be sure vnto you to kéepe Sophonisba least she turne Massinissa to what she wil for it cannot be hoped that she wil take the Romanes part so greatly doth she loue hir Citie This he spake eyther truly or for gelousie of Massinissa to hinder him as much as he could Scipio perceyuing Syphax to bee wise expert in that couÌ„try led him about with him made him priuy of his mind counsel as Cyrus vsed Craesus king of Libya When Laelius was come said he heard as much of Sophonisba to bée of many reported Scipio commanded Massinissa to deliuer Sophonisba Syphax wife He refusing it excusing that was done afore Scipio commanded him more sharply not to with-holde by violence a Romane prisoner but to bring hir forth then to alleadge and say what he could Then went Massinissa with the Romanes to deliuer Sophonisba But priuily he came firste to hir brought hir a poyson told hir she must presentlye drinke it or remayne a flaue to the Romanes speaking no more he tooke his horse Shée shewing the cuppe to hir nurse prayed hir not to bewaile hir noble death and drunke the poyson Massinissa shewed hir to the Romanes and when he had buryed hir honorably he retourned to Scipio He praysed hym and tolde him he was rid of an euill woman and crowned hym for his seruice against Syphax and gaue him many gifts When Syphax was come to Rome some thought good to saue hym bicause he had bin a friend to the Romanes in Iberia some thought to punish him bycause he had made warre against his friendes but he being sicke for sorrow dyed Asdrubal hauing wel exercised hys souldiors sent to Mago y was generall of the Carthaginians that he would make him his fellow in y war she wing that there were many Iberians with Scipio whom if a man woulde corrupte with golde promise they might burne Scipio his Camp and he if the time were prescribed would be at the feate WheÌ„ Hanno heard this he wrought wiles against Asdrubal yet he dyd not refuse the enterprise but sente a faithfull man with gold as a run-away into Scipios Campe who persuading suche as he found corrupted many the day being appointed he returned to Hanno who sent to Asdrubal of the day WheÌ„ Scipio sacrificed euident danger of fire was signified who sent aboute the campe to sée if there were any great fire and to put it oute And thus he sacrificed many dayes and alwaies the sacrifice shewed fire wherefore he was grieued and determined to change his campe An Iberian seruant to a horseman of Rome being tolde of y conspirators fained as he had bin made priuie so learned al. told it to his maister who brought him to Scipio bewrayed al. Scipio killed them threwe their heads oute of the camp Hanno percevued it soone being so nighe came not at the daye appointed But Asdrubal being ignorant came when he saw the number of y dead hée suspected the matter retired TheÌ„ did Hanno greatlye accuse hym to the multitude that he shoulde come to Scipio to betray him he woulde not receyue him And Asdrubal after this was in more hate at Carthage About this tyme Amilchar secreatlye sayling vppon the Romane Nauye tooke one galley and sixe Shyppes Hanno came vpon them that besiâ—ged Vtica and was repulsed Scipio hauing bin so long at the siege of Vtica and doyng no good dissolued his campe and sent his munition agaynst the Citie of Hippon and doing no good there burned his vnprositable engins and ranged the Countrey some he receiued to amitie and some he destroyed The Carthaginians being weary of so many displeasures made Annibal Generall and sent an Admirall with a nauy to haste hys commyng and in the meane tyme they sent Embassadors to Scipio for peace thinking to obtaine one of these either to haue peace or delay of time till Annibal came Scipio gaue them a truce and taking the costes of his Campe gaue them leaue to sende messengers to Rome They sent and yet kepte warde in the Cittie as they hadde bin still enimies Béeyng broughte into the Senate they desired forgiuenesse of their faulte The Senatoures partely accused the Carthaginians of their infidelitie whiche they had so oft made and broken and what hurt Annibal had done the Romanes and their confederats the Iberians and Italians Part of them thought this peace was as profitable for them as for the Carthaginians Italie béeyng wasted wyth so manye euills and vttering their feare of things to come Anniball saylyng out of Italie and Mag. from Liguriâ— and Hanno from Carthage wyth greate armies againste Scipio Uppon the which the Senate doubting sent counselloures to Scipio with whom he might from hencesorth conferre and do that should séeme expedient He made peace with Carthage with these conditions 1 That Mâ—go shoulde saile from Ligunia out of hande and â—â— om henceforth leadenâ— straunge armies 2 That they should haue no more but thirtie galâ—tes â–ª 3 That they shoulde not meddle beyonde the â—â—â—châ— called Phâ—â—â—tiâ—â— 4 That they should deliuer all the priâ—oners and run awaics to the Romanes 5 That they should pay them in tyme. 1600. talents of siluer 6 That Massinâ—ssâ— should haue the Masâ—lians and what he could get of â—â—â—hax lande These were the conditions and ambassadours sayled to Rome to sweare to them before the Consuls and so did some from Rome to haue them sworne at Carthage The Romaynes rewarded Massinissa wyth giftes of consederacie they sent him a crown of gold and a signet of gold and a Chayre of Juoriâ— and a purple garment and a robe of Rome and a horse trapped with golde and an armour for hys whole body When this was done Annibal sayled to Carthage against hys will suspecting the vnfaythfulnesse and disobedience of the people to their ralers and thinking the peace woulde not be made and if it were made would not long hold he went to a Citie of Libya Adrumete
men Shall we giue it to Massinissa thoughe he be our friend yet is not he to be made too strong but to let him and them contende togither for the common weale of Rome Wil wee make a rent of the Country The armye that we shall kéepe there will spende all the reuenne for we shall stand in feare of manye of the nighe nations and of all the Barbarians But we will send inhabitants in the middest of the Numidians they beyng most strong of the Barbarians will alwaies worke oure wo and if they get the better hande they shall be terrible and hatefull to vs euer after hauing so gret a land and much better than ours The whiche Scipio as I iudge perceyuing thoughte good for vs to heare the prayers of Carthage therefore let vs consent to their prayers and our Generall Thus he said P. Cornelius Cornelius Lentulus kinsman being then Consull and thoughte good to succéede Scipio spake agaynste it in thys sorte In warres onely profite is to be considered and bicause it hathe bin declared that this cittie being yet of power is to bée maintained we ought to take away their vnfaithfulnesse togyther with their power and might but their vnfaithfulnesse we shall neuer take away There is no tyme so fit for vs to be deliuered from the feare of Carthage as thys present in the which they all bée poore and weake before they growe to strength againe yet doe I not swarue from consideration of Justice nor thinke oure Cittie shall séeme to deale â—ute of reason with the Carthaginians who when they be in weale doe iniurie and despite to al men in their wo they fal to prayers if they obtaine they forsake their agréement againe neyther haue they regarde of promise nor respect of othe whome wée muste saue for the feare of God and enuy of men I thinke the Gods themselues haue brought the Carthaginians to that point to suffer for their wickednesse which violating the peace they made with vs in Sicilie Iberia and Italie and in Libya it selfe and with all other haue wrought great mischiefe and trouble to vs of the which I will shewe some examples of strange nations before I come to ours that you may sée that all will agrée that Carthage shoulde be punished They destroyed Sagunt a noble citie of Iberia confederat to them and a friend to vs sparing no age without cause When they hadde taken Nuceria a Citie subiect to vs vppon conditions and swearing that euery man shoulde departe wyth two garmentes they shut the chiefe of them within the Baths and set the Hot-houses afyre and killed them and when the people went forth they shot them to death They putte the Senate of Acerra after they hadde giuen their faith into pittes and ouerwhelmed them with earth They brought M. Cornelius oure Consull vppon their othes to sée their Captaine that was sicke and carried him out of Sicilie into Libya with .xxij. shippes They killed Regulus with torments an other Captaine of ours returning to them to kéepe his othe What Annibal hathe done by force by deceites by periurie againste our Cities and armies and at length againste his owne confederates ouerthrowing cities killing his confederates it were too long to tell They defaced foure hundred of oure cities oure prisoners they putte in ditches and riuers and vsed them for bridges some they threw to their Elephants fome they commaunded to fighte togither matching brethren againste brethren fathers againste sonnes Shortly after this they sent hither Ambassadors for peace they made request and gaue their othe and they spoyled our ships in Libyâ— and putte our Souldioures in prison whiles their Embassadours sadoures were here present to so greate inadnesse didde their cruelty driue them What pittie or moderation is to be vsed with them of others that vse modestie or courtesie with none who if they might ouercome vs as 〈…〉 saâ—eth woulde not leaue the name of Rome But Faith and Promise â—â— sure What faith what promise what oth haue they not broken what couenaunt or pardon haue not they violated but they saye we may not folowed them What couenaunt doe we breake whiche yet haue made none but we may not followe their crueltie therefore we muste make most cruell men oure friendes and confederates neyther of these is conuenient But let them yéeld vnto vs after the lawe of them that be ouercome as manye haue yéelded themselues We will consider of them and what wée giue them let them thanke vs and not thinke it to come of agreement for those two differ thus As long as they couenant with vs they will breake as they haue done afore alwayes makyng some pretence for theyr purpose as not wel vsed in the conditions for there are euer deuises to be made to call a matter in question When they giue themselues wée shall receiue them and their armoure and their bodies shall be with vs they shall suppose nothing to be theirs and so their pride shall sall They shall loue whatsoeuer they shall receyue of vs as of a thing not theirs If Scipio thinketh otherwise you haue to iudge by sâ—â—â—ce if hée agréeth with the Carthaginians wythout vs why sendeth hée vnto vs I haue saide my minde to you that be Lords whiche I thinke fitte for the Citie This saide Pâ—â—â—â—us The Senate gaue their voices seuerallye and the more parte agréed wyth Scipio Thus the thirde league was made betwéene the Romanes ◠〈…〉 gin 〈…〉 io séemed to moue the â—â—manâ—â— herâ—toâ—ether for y reaâ—â—â— declared â–ª â—â—â—â—â—â—use he thought y Râ—mâ—neâ— felicitie to be â—now if they tooke away the rule of Caâ—thage There be y â— â—hink that he woulde haue this nighe Citie and an enemy to be left to 〈…〉 hâ— â—â—manâ—â— in good temperature leaâ—â— then shoulde grow 〈…〉 thorough great 〈…〉 â–ª ◠〈…〉 e. â—â—e which conside 〈…〉 of Scipâ—â— not long after Cato rehersed to the Romanes being grieuedy â— they were incenâ—ed against the Rhodians When Scâ—â—â—o had set order he sayled to Rome with all his armye and entred with a triumph more goodly than bad bene before time And the manner of it whyche they nowe vse also was this All ware garlands The trumpetours goe before and the wagons laden with the spoyle Towers are borne with the Images of the Cities taken and pictures and figures of the things done Then the gold and siluer vncoyned and coyned and other things of that sorte and so many Crownes as the Cities confederats or armies had giuen y general for his vertue Then the whyte kyne and the Elephantes Then the Carthaginians and Nâ—midians that were taken Before the general the Macebearers went in purple garmeÌ„ts and a company of musitiaÌ„s Satyres after the Tuscane maner being gyrded and wearing a Crowne of gold they go in order againe with song and daunce They call them Ludi bycause as I thinke the â—hoscanes be an inhabitance from Lydia In the middest of
them â–ª one in a robe of purple decked with rings bracelets of gold maketh diuerse shewes to moue laughter as flouting of enimies After him a multitude of Perfumers and the generall among these Perfumers in a chariote diuersly garnished for it was set with gold and stone of great price He was clad with a purple robe with barres of gold after his Countrey maner and a Scepter of Iuorie and a laurel which the Romane thinketh a token of victorie In the same Chariot be carried boyes and gyrles and on eyther side going men that be of kin Then follow they that haue bin scribes ministers and pages in the warre After them the army in bandes and companies with garlands and Laurell euery man with his giftes according to his worthynesse some of the rulers they prayse some they mocke and some they taunt For the triumph is priuileged and lawfull to say what they will. When Scipio was come to the Capitol the triumph ceassed and he feasted his friendes as the manner is at the Temple Thys ende had the seconde warre betwéene the Romaynes and Carthage begonne in Spaine and ending in Libya with these conditions about the hundred fourtie foure Gréeke Olympiade Massinissa falling out with the Carthaginians and trusting to the Romaines toke a great part of the Carthagies lande as belonging to him The Carthaginians desired the Romaynes to agrée Massinissa and them They sente arbitrours with instructions to helpe Massinissa as much as they might So Massinissa hadde the lande and a league was made betwene them for fiftie yeares in the whiche the Carthaginians hauing peace growe into great power and welth by the plentye of their ground and trafficke of the sea and againe as men be wonte in prosperitie were diuided some for the Romaines some for the people and some for Massinissa Of euery of these the chiefe in fame and vertue gouerned for the Romaines Hanno Magnus for the people Amilchar SaÌ„nâ—â— and Carthalo for Massinissa Annibal called Opsar They wayting the Romaynes being at warre with the Celtiberians and Massinissa at debate with other Iberians perswaded Carthalo the Boâ—tarche and for that office going aboute the countrey to make a fray vpon such as kept the land for Massinissa He killed some of them and chased the other and stirred the Libyans of that Countrey againste Massinissa and many conflictes were betwéene them till the Romaines sent other ambassadours to agrée them to whome was sayde the like that they should secretely fauour Massinissa they coÌ„firmed to Massinissa al that he had taken by this craft They said nothing nor they heard nothing least Massinissa should haue had the worst but being in the middest betwéene theÌ„ both they held vp their hands and thys was the coÌ„maundement and the Attonement Not long after Massinissa called into controuersie the greate lande and playnes of fifty Cities which they cal Tysca in the whiche the Carthaginians fledde againe to the Romaynes They promised to sende ambassadours and deferred so long till they thought Massinissa had the better Then they sent the Ambassadours and Cato They comming to the bateable land required both partes to stande to their arbitrement Massinissa was coÌ„tent bâ—cause hée trusted the Romanes and got by them The Carthaginians suspected as them that before hadde iudged not rightly They sayde the league made by Scipio néeded no iudgemente nor correctours â— bycause there was no breach of them The ambassadours not allowed to iudge of parte wente their waye and diligentlye marked the grounde verye well laboured â–ª with great preparation and when they went into the Citie perceiued of what strength it was and howe the people was encreased since Scipio hadde ouercome them whiche was not long Being come to Rome they sayde they had not suspition ynough of Carthage a Citie aduersarie and a neighbour that was excéedinglye increased And Cato chieflye sayde that Rome coulde not be sure nor in libertie till Carthage was destroyed The Senate vnderstanding it mynded to make warre on the Carthaginians but tarried for an occasion and kepte their iudgement close And Cato continuallye from that tyme sayde in the Counsell that Carthage muste not stande But Scipio Nassica saide the contrarye that Carthage muste be suffered to kepe the Romanes in feare and good order The peoples parte preuayling in Carthage putte out the friendes of Massinissa aboute the number of sourtye and they made a decrée of bannishmente and sware the people that they shoulde neyther receyue them agayne nor suffer any spéeche to be hadde of their restoring They being bannished fledde to Massinissa and prouoked him to warre He sent his two sonnes Galossa and Missipsa to require them to receiue the bannished men The ruler shut the gates against them least the kinsemen of the bannished might moue the people with their teares And Amilchar Samnis laye in wayte for them and set vpon Gelossa and killed some of his meÌ„ and made him afrayd Wherfore to giue occasion of warre Massinissa toke the Citie of â—â—scopa coueting it aboue the conditions The Carthaginians with fiue and twenty thousande footemen and four hundred horsemen of the Citie the ruler of y prouision being Captaine made warre against Massinissa and encamping nigh Asasis Sybas Captaines of Massinissa contendyng with the kings children fledde from him and ledde awaye sixe thousand Asdrubal encouraged by this camped nearer Massinissa and in the skirmishes had the better Massinissa to deceyue him went backe by little and little as though he had fledde vntill he had brought him into a desart field ful of hils and rocks and voyde of victual Then he turned and camped in the playn and Asdrubal ranne to the hils as the more surer and then entended to come the next day to fight Scipio the yonger that afterwarde toke Carthage seruing vnder Lucullus in Celtiberia came to Massinissa to desire him to send Elephants Massinissa preparing his body for the fight againstâ— the next daye sente horsemen to receiue him and diuerse of his sonnes He by breake of day ordered his army being ixxxviij yeares of age ryding yet very strongly and leaping vppon the bare horse as the manner is of the Numidians being a good captaine and a fighting souldiour The Numidians be most strong and among them that liue long of moste long life The cause is peraduenture that they haue no sharpe winter by the which euery thing is destroyed nor the sommer so hotte as the Aethiopians and Indians therefore this region bringeth forth moste strong beastes and the men be alwayes in the ayre and in laboure they drinke little wine and their diet is very simple and thinne Massinissa on horsebacke directed hys armye and Asdrubal brought his people which were very manye againste him for manye were come to hym out of the Countrey Scipio behelde the fighte from an hyghe place as from a Theatre He was wont to say that
he had séene manye fieldes but neuer none with suche pleasure for he alone without care sawe a hundred and tenne thousande menne fighting togyther and he sayde that only two beside him had seene the lyke warre at troy Iupiter from Ida and Neptune from Samothracia This fight continued from morning till night and after many slayne on both sides Massinissa seemed to haue the better Scipio met with him as he returned and reioyced with him he receyued him as an auntient friende and shewed him all pleasure he coulde When the Carthaginians heard that Scipio was come they prayed him that he woulde make an ende betweene Massinissa and them he brought them togither and for the agréement the Carthaginians offered Massinissa the lande they had at Empurium and to giue him two hundred talents of siluer presentlye and eight hundred in time and when he desired the outlawes to be restored they coulde not abyde to heare it And so they departed doing nothing Scipio returned to Spain with his ElephaÌ„tes Massinissa laye aboute the hyll of his enimies wayting that no victual should be brought them There was none nygh hande and to himselfe a great way off it was brought with muche ado and very little Asdrubal at the firste might haue passed thorow his enimies hys armye beyng strong and sounde but bycause he was better stored of victuall than Massinissa hée thought he would haue sued for peace and he tarried also hearing that Ambassadours came from Rome to make peace To whome it was sayde That if Massinissa were ouercome they should ende the matter but if he had the better they shoulde encourage him And so they did The famine consâ—ned Asdrubal and the Carthaginians who were so weake in bodie that they could not force the enimie First they eate their beastes then their horses of cariage then they sodde their horse gyrthes and eate them Manye diseases toke them as well for their euill sustenaunce as for their lack of labour and heate of the yeare For a multitude of men in a campe was thronged togyther in a little space and heate of Libya and when woode fayled them to séeth their meate they burned their Targets The dead men were not carried away for Massinissa would not suffer it nor they were not burned for lacke of woode The pestilence was greate amongst them and daunger for the sauours and corrupted bodyes The moste part of the army died and the reste had no hope of lise Therefore they promised to restore to Massinissa his runawayes to pay him 5000 talents of siluer in fifty yeres to receiue their bannished men contrary to their othes they to passe throughe one gate by their enimies only in their coats Celossa being yet grieued with them for the iniurie they did him whither by his fathers consent or of himselfe sent the Numidian horsemeÌ„ vpon theÌ„ as they wente away to be reuenged of them they neyther hauing armour to defend nor strength to flye so that of 58000. men fewe came safe to Carthage and with them Asdrubal the captaine and other of the noble men This was the ende of the warre betwéene Massinissa and the Carthagies Then followed the thirde and last warre of the Romaines in Libya When the Carthaginians were thus weakened by the ouerthrow of Massinissa and their Cittie in most féeble state they were afrayde of Massinissa being at hande with so great an army and of the Romaynes euer their heauy enimies and séeking occasion for y was done against Massinissa in neyther of the which they were deceyued for as soone as the Romaynes hearde of it they appointed an army ouer all Italie not shewing to what vse that they might be ready when they shoulde be called The Carthaginians thinking to put away this occasion coÌ„demned Asdrubal that was Captaine of the warre against Massinissa and Carthalone the Boetharch and all other that were occasions of it putting the blame of the warre vpoÌ„ them They sent ambassadors to Rome that accused Massinissa and also accused these men that so rashly and sodenly made the businesse and brought the Citie into daunger of enimitie One of the Senatours asked them why they did not punishe the authours of the warre at the beginning but after they were ouercome and had good will to make war again vpon vs and sought occasion of it to him they answered that the Carthaginians in déed had not yet satisfied the Romaines Therefore being troubled againe they asked if they were thought to offend what they mighte doe to make amendes They sayde thus to this word If you shal satisfie the Romaynes Some thoughte in debating what this satisfaction should be that the Romaines would adde more money to that Scipio had appointed Some thoughte to graunte Massinissa the lande that was in controuersie Then they sente ambassadours againe to Rome to knowe expreslye what would satisfie the Romaynes to whom it was aunswered that the Carthaginians knew well ynough and so sent theÌ„ away Then they were in doubt and feare of thys matter Vtica was the greatest Citie in Libya next Carthage hauing fayre portes and a countrey plentifull to sustaine an army lx furlongs from it fit to make war against theÌ„ being in doubt of Carthage vttering their old hate against theÌ„ in time sent ambassadours to Rome to yéelde Vtica to the Romaines The Senate that before was enclined and prepared to this warre by the comming of so myghtie and conuenient a Citie vnto them opened theyr mynde and being assembled in the Capitoll where they were wont to consulte of warre decréede the warre againste Carthage They sent out of hande the Consuls Marcus Manilius with the footemenne and Lucius Marcius Censorinus with the nauy to whome was giuen in secrete that they shoulde not leaue the warre till Carthage were taken When they hadde sacrifised they sayled into Sicelie to goe from thence to Vtica They had fiftie gallies a hundered foysts many Crayers Barkes and Hoyes They had an army of .xc. thousand footemen and foure thousand horsemen al of the best sort euery citizen confederate being desirous to go to so noble a voyage and many willingly put their names in the roll Warning and war it selfe was giuen the Carthagies by one messenger For he carried the decrée of warre and shewed the ships that sailed against theÌ„ They wer amazed in despaire for want of ships so great a losse of their youth neyther hauing confederates nor hired souldiers nor victuals to endure a siege nor any thing els in war soden not proclaimed nor being able to resist the Romaines and Massinissa too They sent other ambassadors to Rome with ful autoritie to satissie for the present as well as they could The Senate sayd to the â—â—â—â—f the Carthaginians within .xxx. dayes shall deliuer to the Consuis that be yet in Sicelie three hundred of your most noble children for pledges and shall do in other
the admiral froÌ„ wheÌ„ce the Trumpeter must giue warning and the crier tel the time and the Admirall sée abroad The Iland was right against them that sayled drawn a great length that the Admirall might sée all in the sea and they that sayled by should not sée the places of the portes perfectly Neyther could the Merchaunts in their port sée the store for the shippes For a double wall was set about them gates did receiue the Merchaunts to go into the Citie not passing by the storehouses of the shippes At that time thus stoode the Citie of Carthage The Consuls diuided their businesse and came against their enimies Manlius from the lande againste the necke to fil the ditch to beate down the little wal and so to approch to the high walles Censorinus brought ladders both from the lande and the shippes against the part of the bowing wall They both made little accompte as of vnarmed men tyll they sounde them to haue new armour and great courage at the wounder of the whiche they gaue backe and at the beginning fayled of theyr purpose thinking to get the Citie without any fighte The seconde time attempting and againe reiected the courage of the Carthagies encreased The Consuls being afrayde of Asdruball which had his campe at their backe not far off at the poole defensed both their campes Censorinus at the Poole vnder the walles of the Citie Manlius in the necke the way to the lande And thus their camps being made strong Censorinus with his passed the Poole for stuffe to make engines where hée lost fiue hundered workemen and much armoure Imilco the generall of the horse of Carthage comming sodaynely vppon hym who was surnamed Phameas Yet getting matter he made engines and ladders and agayne they both gaue assault and were repulsed Manlius beginning a little and hardly breaking any part of the wall dispayred and left it off Censorinus filling a trenche next the narrow earth at the Poole to make it the more passable brought two greate engines that caried rammes the one was heaued with sixe thousand footemen the Colonels guiding it the other of the Mariners by the conduct of the Admiralles And contention being which should doe best both of the Capitaines and souldiours a piece of the wall was throwen down and they might sée into the Cittie The Carthaginians to repulse them repayred the breach in the night and bycause they could not finishe all by night and were afrayde that that was already done shoulde be throwen down in the daye by the Romaynes engines being newe made and gréen they ranne vpon the engines of the enimies some armed some naked hauing only burning lampes They burned not all bycause they could not preuent the Romanes but that â—â—â—y came out yet they made them all vnprofytable and returned Day being come the Romanes had bolonesse to assault y place that was fallen not fully made vp for within apeared a plain fit for to fight in the fronte of the which the armed Carthagies stoode behynde the vnarmed with stones staues other placed in the next houses to entertaine the approching enimie the which séeing such contempt of naked men leapt in boldly Scipio that not long after destroyed Carthage was called Affricane being a Marshall at that time stayed diuiding his bands into many partes and standing a distaunce from the wal would not let anye of his to enter the Citie but receyued them that were driuen out by the Carthaginians and saued them And this was the beginning of his glorie appearing more wise than the CoÌ„sul The army of Censorinus was sicke lying at the Fenne ful of standing and corrupt water not receiuing winde from y sea bicause of the high wals Therfore Censorinus remoued into the sea The Carthaginians wheÌ„ y winde blew toward the Romanes filled their boates with flaxe and brushe within the wals that the enimyes should not sée it from the shippes and when they came forth and should be séene they layd on sulphure and pitch and then set vp sayle and threw fire into the vessels the which being carried with the winde y blewe lustily into the Romane nauye sette the shippes on fire and almost burned them all Not long after Censorinus went to Rome for the election The Carthagies were the bolder vppon Manlius and in the night some armed and some vnarmed carying bridges assaulted the next trenche of Manlius and beganne to pull downe the rampire The souldiours within beyng troubled in the nighte time Scipio came with his horsemen by a contrarye parte where no enimies were and feared the Carthagies when he was comming vpon them and they retired into the Citie In this fight the souldiours disordered by night Scipio was thought to haue saued them once againe very nobly and Manlius kepte his campe more sure making a wall where the rampire was and erecting a tower towarde the sea for the shippes that brought him victual Then turning to the lande with ten thousande footemenne and two thousande horse he wasted the countrey gathering woode corne and victuall and one Tribune after another did serue the turne Phameas the Captaine of the horsemen being yong and desirous to fight and vsing little and light horses that were fedde with grasse when they had none other and to suffer hunger and thirste when néede was kéeping secret in vallies and woods wheÌ„ he saw theÌ„ negligeÌ„t came foorth of the sodayn like an Eagle and when he had spoyled he retired but wheÌ„ Scipio coÌ„maunded the army he wold not apeare For Scipio led his people euer in order the horsemen kéeping on horsebacke and in his raunging woulde not dissolue hys order before he had beset the field which he would spoyle with horsemen and armed footemen And he roade about with other bandes and kepte in the foragers that lefte their companie or went out of the compasse Therfore Phameas wold not come vpon him And this being often done Scipio had great glorye The other Captayne 's enuying gaue out that there was friendship betwéen the auncestours of Phamea and the grandfather of this Scipio The Libyans that fledde into towers and fortes that were many in the country the other Tribunes would couenaunt with them to depart assaile theÌ„ as they went but Scipio would send them home Therfore there was such a fame of his valiaÌ„tnesse and faith as they would not trust except Scipio gaue his word so as he was honoured both of his own of his enimies Comming from foraging the Libyans assaulted the castle of the nauy in the night the coÌ„fusion being great by the escries that the Carthagies made to cause the more terror MaÌ„lius kept his meÌ„ within not knowing the matter Scipio takyng two bandes of horsemen came forth with burning lightes commaunding his men not to fight bycause of the darke but onely to run about wyth the fire to séeme the more afray the
enimy so as the CarthaginiaÌ„s being made afrayde both wayes fledde into the citie Thys also redounded muche to Scipio his glorie Wherefore he was well spoken of by euerie man and thought a worthy sonne of Paulus that conquered Macedonie and of the Scipios into whose family he was adopted Manlius going to Nepheris against Asdrubal Scipio was not contente séeing al wooddes and hylly places and the high places gotten before and as they were thrée furlongs from Asdrubal and coÌ„ming to a riuer must ascend to Asdrubal he stayd then and counselled him to retire and that another time and pollicie should be more fitte to match with Asdrubal The other Tribunes speaking against him for enuy and malice not thinking it good counsell to giue place in the sight of the enimye whereby they might contemne them and set vpon them as flying hée againe desired them to put their campe on the hyther side of the riuer that if they were put to it they might haue a place to resorte where as nowe they hadde none wherevnto they might flye They laughed at this and one threatned to caste away his sworde if not Manlius but Scipio did rule Therefore Manlius went on not verye skilfull in the warre Asdruball encountred with him and there was greate slaughter on both sides Then Asdruball ranne into a castle where was no peril and wayted to set on them as they wente who repenting that they had done they retired to the floud in order but the floud being hard to passe bycause of fewe fourdes and painful they wer forced to break their order Whych when Asdrubal saw he came downe manfully and killed many that did not resiste but fledde and thrée of the Captaines were slaine that brought the army to that conflicte But Scipio with thrée hundred horsemen that he had and as manye as he coulde get togither diuided into thrée companies gaue charge vpon the enimie with greate vehemence by portions darting at them and retyring then vppon them and agayne returning For so he tolde them that halfe of them should assayle the enimies and throw their dartes as being in a circle This being eâ—t done and the Libyans without any staye being shotte at continuallye and all turning vppon Scipio the other had the lesse trouble to passe the riuer And Scipio rode after them being stroke at verye sore Foure companies at the beginning of the fray being put from the floude by the enimies ranne to an hill where Asdrubal besieged them vnknowne to the Romanes till they stayed When they knewe it some thoughte good to goe their waye and not to aduenture many for a fewe Scipio tolde them that before a marter is begonne good counsell muste be hadde but so manye menne and ensignes being in daunger the vttermeâ—â—e boldenesse muste be vsed He chose certaine troupes of horsemen and said he would returne with them or gladly die with them He tooke with him two dayes victuall and streight went forth all the army being afraide least he also shoulde perish When he came to the hill where they were besieged he with great speede tooke an other hill ouer-againste it diuided by a little valley Then the Libyans didde giue an hote charge vpon them that were besieged thinking Scipio coulde not succoure them being in so long a iorney But he séeing the bottomes of the hills compassing the valley did not omit the occasion but ranne and tooke a place aboue the enimies They beyng now â—eset rounde aboute fled without order Scipio suffering them to go fréely bycause they were a great deale more than he Thus Scipio saued these also that were in desperation When the army sawe him come a farre off beyng saued beyond hope and hauing saued the other they made great reioyce and thoughte God wrought with him as he did with his Grandfather that séemed to knowe what was to come Manlius led his army to the Cittie againe putting great faulte in them that woulde not obey Scipio when he counselled to retire with the army All were muche grieued that they that were killed laye vnburied specially the Tribunes Therfore Scipio losed a prisoner and sent him to Aslrubal praying him to bury the Tribunes Hée sought among the dead bodies and found them by their rings of golde For the Tribunes of an army weare gold and the inferiours yron Hée buried them either as an acte of humanitie and coÌ„mon among warriors or reuerencing and seruing Scipios glorie When the Romaynes were come from Asdrubal Phameâ—â— troubled them being yet afraide of their losse And some issued oute of Carthage and killed some of their cariage At this time the Senate sent certaine men to sée the Campe and to marke euery thing diligently And Manlius and the counsel and the Tribunes that were left enuy beyng now extinct by vertue al the army testified what actes Scipio had done for theÌ„ The which the Ambassadors at their returne tolde the Senate what diligence and experience was in Scipio and what goodwill of the army was toward him The Senate was glad of it And bicause of their many losses they sent to Massinissa and required him to send friendlye aide to them againste Carthage But he was not found of the Embassadors For being decayed with age and infirmitie and hauing many base sonnes to whome he had giuen much and thrée lawfull of diuers conditioÌ„s he called Scipio for the amitie that was betwéene him and his grandfather to be a counseller for hys children and kinsmen He went oute of hande but before hée came Massinissa dying commaunded his children to obey Scipio as he shoulde take order for them Which when he had saide hée died a man in all thinges fortunate to whome God graunted to recouer his fathers kingdom from the Carthaginians and Syphax and to encrease it from a greate parte of Mauritania by Sea to the dominion of Cyrene by land and caused a great portion to he inhabited And many of the NumidiaÌ„s that liued with hearbs and vsed no tillage he left them with treasures of mony and army well practised Of his ennimies he tooke Syphax prisoner with his own hand Beyng the cause of the variance with Carthage he left it weake to the Romanes He hadde a body big and streng of nature to his laste age and tried fight till hys death and woulde leape on horse without stirrops And this may be a great coniecture of hys good health for hauing many children they sometime dying he hadde tenne little ones and lefte one of foure yeares of age when he was 900. years olde Thus Massinissa of these yeares and body dyed Scipio gaue to the bastardes other gifts to the Legitimate treasures and reuenue and to haue the name of a Kyng common to them and diuided other things among them as he thoughte good To Micipsa that was oldest and moste desirous of peace he gaue the Citie of Cyrta and all the royall thinges in
of thys matter and for the sodaine could not answere for hymselfe he was killed with the seates of the house When the small doings of Pisâ— and the prouision of Carthage was tolde at Rome the people was grieued and feared that if the warre encreased beyng greate continuall and at hande they coulde looke for no rest bicause they had broken faith wyth them before And remembring the actes that Scipio had lately done in Libya when he was a Tribune and comparyng them with the present the letters that were sent from the Camp euery man to his friendes they required that Scipio might be sente Consull into Libya for the Election was at hande But the lawe forbad Scipio to be Consull yet bicause of his age He desired to bée an Edile but they would haue him Consul Which beyng against the Lawe and the Consuls bringing forth the Lawe they were grieued and offended affirming that by the Lawes of Romulâ—â— and Tullius the people was Lorde of the Elections and mighte allowe and disallowe what Law they would In the ende one of the Tribunes saide if the Consuls would not agrée to the people they woulde take the Election from the Consulls So the Senate perswaded the people to breake the Lawe for one yeare and then to resume it againe As the Lacedemonians in a necessitie dissolued a Lawe for them that were taken at Pylo and saide Let the Lawes sléepe for thys daye So Scipio desiring to be Edile was made Consull whose fellowe Drusus required to allotte the prouinces til one of the Tribunes saide that the iudgement of prouinces was the peoples the whiche people chose Scipio An army was giuen him of ordinarie so many as might supplie the number of the deade and to take as manye confederates as he coulde perswade and to write to Kings and Citties in the people of Romes name as many as he thoughte would send him aide So had he helpe from Cities and Kings He went into Sicilie and from Sicilie to Vtica Calphurnius Piso made war in the land and Mancinus lay at Carthage a parte of the wall he perceiued to be neglected where were rocks that could not be attempted He thinking he shoulde not be perceyued prepared hys ladders to get the wall He did so and some of the souldiours went to it boldely The Carthaginians séeing them so fewe despised them and set open the gates that goe to the rockes and ranne vppon the Romanes And the Romanes driuing them backe and following them ranne into the Citie at the gate with them Then making a crie of victorie Mancinus leaping for ioy and in other things rashe and light with the other multitude leauing their Shippes ranne to the wall halfe armed and naked The Sunne nowe being ready to set they tooke a forte before the wall and rested And Mancinus wanting victuall sente to Piso and the rulers of Vtica to helpe him in his daunger and to bring him foode with spéede So was he in daunger least by breake of daye the Carthaginians should throwe him headlong from the rockes Scipio that night came to Vtica and at midnight vnderstanding what Mancinus had written sounded to the battaile sent the messengers to call the seamen of Italie and Vtica He bad the auntients carye victualls into the galleis and deliuered a prisoner of Carthage to go tell them that Scipio was commyng And he sent to Piso horsmen after horsmen to call him awaye with all spéede When the laste watch was come he commaunded to sayle and they to stand right vppe in the decktes to séeme the more to the ennimyes Thus he did Mancinus when the Carthagies early in the morning fel vpon him coÌ„passed thrée thousaÌ„d being naked with only fiue hundred which he had armed being hurte and beaten of them he was driuen into the rockes of the wall Then Scipios Shippes were séen sayling with al force euery where ful of armed souldiors The Carthaginians hearing it by the prisoner did not thinke the contrary and brought the Romanes an helpe vnlooked for The Carthaginians giuing place by little and little Scipio receiued the Romanes that were in danger into hys ships and by and by sent Mansinus to Rome Serranus was come to be his successor in the nauy Scipio encamped not far off Carthage The Carthaginians comming fiue furlougs oute of the towne made a trench against him And to this trencho came to them Asdrubal the Captaine of the army abroad and Bythias Captaine of the horsmen leading sixe thousand footemen and a thousande horsmen practised with time and diligence Scipio perceiuing no order nor good rule among the souldiours but giuen to ydlenesse spoyle and rauine vnder Piso and an other straunge multitude among them that for spoile followed the bolder sorte and ranne wyth them to robbe going without warning where the law of war taketh him for a forsaker of the army that goeth withoute the sound of the Trumpe and what offence they make is imputed to the whole army and the desire of spoile to be occasion of other euils and contention among them Many contemning their felowes for luere made murders hurtes and mischiefe againste the lawes the whiche Scipio considering thinking neuer to ouercome his enimie except he coulde rule hys owne called them by an assemblye and goyng vp to the highe seate thus rebuked them When I was a souldior wyth you vnder Manlius I gaue you experience to witnesse of mine obedience the which now being Generall I require of you hauing power to punishe the disobedieÌ„t to y vttermost I haue thought it good to warne you You know what you do and what should I speake that I am ashamed of Ye rob rather than make war yea and you scatter not encampe and be like séekers of pray not sâ—egers of Cities You will liue delicatelye yet being in warre withoute victorie Whereby the enimies power beyond all hope the little tyme that I haue â—â—n away is growne so greate â–ª that by thys negligence my labour is growne the greater The causes if I didde find to be in you I woulde punishe them oute of hand but bycause I impute them to another A â—â—â—â—â—forgiue all you haue done till this tune I come not to rob but to conquer not to get mony before victorie but firste to beate mine enimies Goe you al from the army this day that be no souldioures except them that shall haue leaue of me to tarry and they that do go I wil not suffer to come againe till they bring some victuall at for the camp good A time shall be appointed in the which they shal place their things the price of them I the treasorer shall appoint And this he saide to the superfluous But to you that bée my souldiors let one coÌ„mandement be common to you all in al affaires that is my maner labor For if you follow them you shal
tell Scipio what they did certainely but that there was a noyse within their portes day and nighte not ceassing but to what vse they coulde not tell till al being readye the Carthagies brake open the mouthe by dauning of the daye and then issewed with fiftie gallies Foystes and Brigandines and many other small vessels wel set foorth for terrour The Romaines were so amazed at the sodayn opening of the mouth and at such a company of shippes that if the Carthagies had then set vpon the Romayne nauy the men being occupied at the wall and neyther Mariner nor other present to defend it they mighte haue gotten al the fame But it was nowe come that Carthage must perish They made a shew only with a bolde countenaunce and returned The thirde daye after they came forth to fight when the Romaines had their shippes and other thinges prepared to resiste The crie and call being made on both sides and courage shewed both of Mariners and maisters the Carthagies for their liues and the Romaines for the full victory there were many hurt and slaine on both sides til it was midde day In this fight the little boates of the Carthagies ran vnder the great shippes sides of the Romanes and now brake at the stemines and nowe the sternes and the oares and did much other hurt easily flying and easily returning The fighte being doubtfull and toward nighte the Carthagies thoughte it good to retire not as ouercome but to prepare themselues against the next day The small vessels fledde first and shutte the mouth being altogither so as the great shippes were put from the mouth and fledde to the trenche whiche was made for the Merchaunts before the wall large to receyue the packes of the occupiers and a little bray was made in this warre that the enimies should not plant in so playne a place To this trenche the Carthagies shippes fledde for lacke of a porte and stoâ—e with their stemmes against their enimies whom some resisted from the shippes some from the trenche and some from the bray The Romaynes easilye gaue onset vppon them bycause they fought with shippes that stoode but their departing for the turning of their long shippes was slow and hurtful so as they had little aduauntage for when they turned they were beaten of the Carthagies Fiue shippes of the Sidents that accompanied Scipio for good will renued the fight in this wise They let fal their ancres aloofe off in the sea and waying their longest Cables being fast moored charged their enimie and when they had encountred them shortning vp their Cables retyred backe and so haled forward and backewarde alwayes fighting with their faces vpon the enimie The rest of the nauy séeing the deuise of the Sidents folowed it did their enimies much hurt night making an end The rest of the Carthage shippes fled into the Citie Scipio by day toke the trench for it was a place fitte to annoy the port Therfore beaâ—ing the bray with his rammes and bringing manye engines he toke part of it The Carthagies althoughe they were afflycted with famine and diuerse euils they ranne vpon the Romanes engines in the night not by lande for there was no way nor by shippe for the sea was shallowe but naked with linckes not light that they should not be séene a far off They came by sea where no man would haue thought some to the breastes waded in the shalows some swamme til they came to the engines they threw the fire and were perceyued receyuing much hurt bycause they were naked and did much by their boldnesse for being stroke on the breasts and faces with dartes and speares they woulde not giue place as wilde beasts offering themselues to the strikers til they had set the artillery on fyre and driueÌ„ the Romanes away that kepte them with confusion as there was suche feare and trouble in the Camp and whole army as hadde not béene before and all by the furie of naked enimies Wherefore Scipio being afraide came forth with his horsmen and commaunded to beate them down that would not leaue their flight And some he beare downe and killed till they retourned to the Camp for necessitie to saue themselues and watched that night in armes fearing the desperation of the enimies who when they had burned the artillerie swamme home againe When it was daye the Carthaginians being sure from the engines builded vppe the fore parte of the wall againe and made many Towers vpon it by a certaine distaunce The Romanes made other engines and erected a trenche against the Towers making fire worke of pitche and sulphure and threw them vpon y enimie And when they had burned many of the Towers they chased the Carthaginians that fledde But where the ground was slippery with bloud and myre they left the chase of themselues Scipio hauing got all the trench compassed it with a ditch wyth a wall of stone not verye neare nor farre off the ennimies And when the wall was vppe he put in foure thousand whiche did not much passe of the enimie throwing dartes and weapons vpon them with contempt and bicause they were of like heigth they were sure to hit them And thus the Sommer was spente Winter being come Scipio determined to take from the Carthaginians al the power and friends that they had by lande and sente some one way and some another he himselfe went to Nepheris by water where Diogenes that fauoured Asdrubal lay in camp and sent C. Lalius thither by land WheÌ„ they were come they encamped two furlongs from Diogenes There he left Gelossa to molest Diogenes continually and returned to Carthage so vsed to go betwéen Carthage and Nepheris to sée the doings Two of Diogenes Towers fel wherfore Scipio went and laid a. M. choice seuldiors behind in an ambush and brought 3000. tried men againste the front willed them to giue the assault at the broken towers not al at once but by ranckes stil following one another that the former being putte backe should not hinder them that followed The Crie being greate and the fraye hotte al the Libyans turned to the defence theÌ„ the thousand as was appointed theÌ„ came forth and were not séene and when the first were entred they were soone perceyued wherfore the Libyans fled not séeing how many they wer but thinking they had bin many moâ— thaÌ„ they were Celossa set vpon theÌ„ with his Numidians ElephaÌ„ts and made great slaughter so as there were killed lxx M. wyth them of the countrey 10000 taken and 4000. fied TheÌ„ was the Citie of Nepheris taken in xxij dayes with great difficultie for the winter and the moyst place this feate did chiefly cause the destruction of Carthage For this army sent them victuals by this campe the Libyans were the bolder to come abrode but when it was taken the other places of Libya yéelded to Scipios Captaines without any businesse and victuall was
the destinies of menne So suffred Troy a noble citie So suffred the Assyrians the Medians and Persians whiche were the great Monarches of the worlde lastlye the moste glorious state of Macedonie so that eyther of purpose or by chaunce this worde fel from him The day shall come when mighty Troy muste fall And Priamus and his warlike nation all Polibius that was his Schoolemaister did aske him fréely what he ment by that speach and that he said not for bearing to name his own country plainely of the whiche he was afraide for the alteration of men Thus doth Polibius write of him that hearde him When Carthage was taken Scipio gaue the souldiors leaue for certaine daies to spoile it onelye excepting golde siluer and holy things Then he gaue giftes to al except to them that had spoiled Appollos Temple Then he sent a swift ship laden wyth spoiles to signifie the victorie at Rome He sent into Sicilie that al the sacred publique things that the Carthagies had taken from them in the war which they could chalenge know shoulde bée restored which got him gret loue of the people as one that with aucthoritie vsed humanitie diuiding the spoile that remained to be sold he sacrificed the vnprofitable ship-armes and engins to Mars and Minerua gyrded after the Romane manner They at Rome séeing the Shippes and learning the newes in the euening came into the stréetes and spente all that nighte in ioye and embracements as nowe made frée of feare nowe ruling other with safety not hauing their Citie firme and sure hauing such a victorie as they neuer had the like Many noble feates came to their remembraunce what their fathers hadde done in Macedonia in Iberia and against Antiochus the gret and in Italie it selfe but no war was so feareful vnto them as this at their owne dores for the manhoode pollicie and boldnesse of the enimie and the more dangerous for their vnfaythfulnesse They rehearsed what they had suffred of y Carthagies in Sicelie Iberia and Italie it selfe sixtéene yeares when Annibal toke .iij. hundred Cities and ouerthrewe in fighte onlye thrée hundred thousande men manye tymes approching to the Cittie and putting that in great feare for all the whiche they were like men beside themselues for the victorie that was beyonde their hope And again they asked one of another if Carthage were taken in déede They spente all the night in talke howe the armour was taken from them and how they beyond all hope made more Howe their shippes were taken from them and howe they made a newe nauy of olde matter howe the mouth of the porte was shutte and howe in fewe dayes they opened another and howe highe the walles were aboute the mouth and the greatnesse of the stones and the fire whiche manye tymes they brought against the Engines and sette out a plat of all the warre as thoughe they hadde then séene it done and expressed the fantasies of their mindes with the motions of their bodyes thinking they sawe Scipio wyth the scalyng ladders with the shippes at the gates at the fyghtes euer occupied Thus did the Remaynes spende the night When day was come sacrifices feasts were made to the Gods by the coÌ„panies playes with theÌ„ diuers shews The Senat sent tenne of the best of them into Libya to appoint that country with Scipio They commanded that Scipio shold destroy that was left in Carthage and forbadde any man to dwel there They accused al them that should dwel in Byrsa or in the place y was called Megara But to come thither they did not forbid So many cities as holpe the enimies they commaunded to destroy to giue to cities that were friends to y Romanes the land that was conquered and chiefly to Vtica that which was as far as Carthage and Hippo on bothe sides The other they made tributarie aswel lands as bodies men and womeÌ„ alike and determined to send euery yere a President to them from Rome WheÌ„ they had done this they sayled to Rome Scipio hauing doone all things accordingly finished the sacrifices and the plaies for the victory And things being ordered he sayled home and made as passing a triumphe as euer manne didde full of golde and monuments of holy things which the Carthaginians in so long time and so ofte victories had brought from all the worlde into Libya This hapned when they triumphed of Macedonia the third time Andrisco that counterfaâ—ted himselfe to be Philips sonne being ouercome the first of Grecia by Mummius And this was about y CLX Olympiade Afterwarde when Caius Gracchus was Tribune in Rome and Insurrection being made for want he thought good to seÌ„d 6000 to inhabite in Libya And wheÌ„ they had drawn the plat about Carthage the Wolues destroyed all the plat confounded it So the Senate refrained from séding that habitatioÌ„ But again in time when Caius Caesar who was made the second Dictator after his victorie had driuen Pompey into Egipt Pompeâ— friendes from Aegipt to Libya they saye when hée encamped at Carthage a mighty army appered to him in his sléepe wéeping which troubling him he called to remembrance and made a note that Carthage should be inhabited And not long after the poore souldiors requiring land of him at Rome he gaue order that some shoulde be sent to Carthage and some to Corinth but he béeing shortly after killed in the Senate house of his enimies hys son Caesar called Augustus finding thrée remembraÌ„ces of his father sent an inhabitation of that Carthage that nowe is as nigh the olde as might be to auoide the olde execration The Romanes sente thither 3000. to inhabite to place the rest in the country about Thus Libya that was vnder Carthage was conquered of the Romanes and Carthage desâ—royed and inhabited againe after the destruction two hundred and two yeares The ende of the Romane vvarres vvith the Carthaginians ¶ Appianus Alexandrinus of the Romane warres with the Parthians AFter them that folowed PoÌ„pey to rule Syria being ouercome Gabinius an officer of the Romanes was sent to gouerne the same He marching againste the Arabians Mithridates King of Parthia â—eing driuen oute of his kingdome by â—rodes his brother tourned hym from the Arabians to the Parthians But Ptolomeus the eleauenth King of Aegipt perswaded him by mony to leaue the Parthians and make warre vppon Alexandrîa And he ouercomming them of Alexandrîa restored Prolomeus to his kingdome but being banished of the Romanes bicause he made warre againste the Aegiptians which they accompted vniuste bycause it was forbidden by Sybyllas bookes he fledde After Gabinius I thinke Crassus gouerned Syria and making warre vpon the Parthians was ouerthrowen with great calamitie after whome Bibulus being president the Parthians inuated Syria And in the time of Saxa ruling after Bibulus they ranne as farre as Ionia the Romanes being at debate among
without any resistaunce therefore thought all the paine shoulde be in the long iorney But when they shoulde come to blowes the enimies woulde not abide them whereas nowe otherwise than they supposed they had a great trauaile and daunger in hande insomuche as some of the officers of the Camp thought it good to staye Crassus and to take a newe aduise of all the matter and secreatlye the Maisters of the Sacrifices shewed that manye euill and harde tokens appeared to Crassus in the Sacrifices But hée neither woulde heare them nor no other but them that exhorted hym to goe forwarde Among the whych Artabases King of Armenia didde not let to prouoke him who was come to the Campe with sixe thousande horsememe and these were called the Guarde and Defence of the King promisyng other tenne thousande menne of armes and thrée thousande footemenne at his charges Hée perswaded Crassus to inuade Parthia by Armenia whereby he shoulde leade his armye not onely safely he ministring all thynges for him but also thorowe Mountaynes and continuall hills places combersome to the Parthian horsemenne wherein consistes all theyr strength â–ª Crâ—ssus praised the good wyll of hym and his goodly preparation yet hée sayde hée woulde enter by Mesepotanâ—ia where he had lefte many good Romane Souldiours and the Armenian went his way Crassus â—â—dde his armye ouer a bridge when manye terrible thunders brake oute and greate lightnings flashed in the faces of the Souldiours and a winde mixed with a cloudy perry arose and brake and consumed muche of the matter of the made brydge And the place that was appointed for the Campe was twice stricken with lightnyng An borse of the Generalls verye fayre cladde carrying a waye the rider by violence was or owned in theyr sight And they saye that the chiefe Standerd beyng firste taken of the bearer did turne backe of it selfe Beside this it chaunced that after â–ª a iorney when meate shoulde be giuen the Souldiours firste of all they hadde Lâ—ntilles and Soppes whyche the Romaynes thinke 〈…〉 and be vsed at burialls And when Crassus made hys Oration hys voyce failed hym whyche the armye tooke heauily He sayd he had cut down the bridge that no man should returne ouer it The which word being vncomely spoken wher he shoulde haue repeated it and declared it to them that were made afrayde by it he would not do it for very frowardnesse At last when he hadde killed the sacrifice to make the solâ—mne viewe of his armye and the minister giuen him the bowels they fell out of his handes at the whiche they that were present being most grieued he smiled saying These â—e the incommodities of age but my weapon shall neuer fal our of my haÌ„ds Then he ledde his army by the floude hauing seauen legiens and little lesse than foure thousande horse and a number of shotte equal to them The skoutes that went to sée the way returned and brought worde that the countrey was voyde of men but that there were prints of horse féete that were gone backe Whereat Crassus tooke good hope and all the souldiours beganne to despise the Parthians as afrayde to come to handes yet Cassiâ—â— and others spake to Crassus perswading him to staye his menne in some Cittie where a garrison was till he was better instructed of the enimies force if not that he would go to Seleucia by the floude where he shoulde haue aboundaunce of victuals for the souldiours to be solde and also a defence and safegarde for the armye not to be enuironed for the floude â–ª béeyng euer equall to fyghte wyth the enimye at the face Crassus considering and pondering these things there came to him a president of Arabiâ— Acbaros by name a subtile and dissembling manne the greatest prouoker of euyll fortune that was â—ente to theyr destruction Some of them that hadde serued vnder Pompey knewe him receyuiug some humanitie at hys hande and shewing to be a friende to the Romaines He was sente to Crassus by y consent of the kings counsel to turne him if he coulde from the floude and foote of the hils into the playn field where he might be compassed For they deuised to do any other thing rather than to come to fight â—yth she Romanes at hande This Acbarus came to Crassus and sayde probablye firste of the prayse of Pompey that was his benefactoure then of Crassas blaming him that hauing so greate a power he lost time in delay and preparation as though he had néed of armour and not rather of handes and â—ooifâ—e fâ—â—te against meÌ„ that alreadye séeke and gather their moste precious riches to carrie them into Sâ—ythia and Hircania but sayde he if you wyll fighte you must do it quicklye before the whole power be gathered the king taking harte to him againe And nowe Surenâ—s Sillaces commeth to make the warre against you but the king will not be séene Al these were lyes For the king went streight with his power to inuade Armenia and punish Artabazeâ— and sent Surenas againste the Romaynes not in contempt of them as some saye for it was not like that he would contemne Crassus sent against hym and one of the chiefe Romaynes and go against Artabazes to destroye the townes of Armenia But I thinke he was afrayde of the daunger and laye in wayte to sée the ende and appoynted Surena beyng otherwyse expert and acquainted wyth the war. For Surenas was none of the common sorte but in riches and glorye and bloude nexte the King and the chiefe of Parthia in strength and youth in beautye and goodlynesse of the bodye inferiour to none He carried alwayes with him a thousand laden Camels and two hundred chariots of Concubines and a thousand men of armes and more light horsemen So as he had of his tenaunts and seruantes no lesse than ten thousand horse And as touching his bloud it was giuen him from the beginning to set the Crowne vpon the kings head â–ª when a new king was made â–ª He called Orodes out of exile into hys Kingdome he toke the great citie of Seleucia was the first that sâ—aled the walles and with his owne hande repulsed them that resisted and was not yet thyrty yeares of age yet had the greatest glory for wisedome and experience by the which he did not a litle beguile Crassus first thorough his pride and boldnesse and after by hys feare and aduersitie easily to be entrapped Acbarus that hadde brought Crassus from the floud into the playne fieldes wythout woodde and water and wythout any ende to reste as it appeared and not only trauelled wyth thirst and dificultie but also with an vncomfortable prospect to the eye séeing neyther trée nor riuer nor apparaunce of hyl nor growing of grasse but a very shape like a sea of fearful desarts did besette the armye And then the craâ—te beganne to be espied Furthermore there came messengers from Artabazes the
he sawe the Parthians fetching their compasse and seeking to stoppe his waye hée commaunded the token of fight to be giuen and the campe to be leauied not as though he woulde fight but marche He passed by the Barbarians who were sette like a crescent commaunding the horsemen that when the footemen were so nigh as they mighte fight that the horsemen should turne vpon them The Parthians did iudge the Romaines order to be better by reason and behelde them marching wyth equall distaunce quietlye and with silence shaking their weapons When the token was giuen and they went on with shoute the horsemen turned vppon the enimie who receyued them with defence although they were within the shotte But when the footemen came with crye clashing of armour the horsemen of the Parthians gaue place with disorder and fledde before they came to handes Antonie followed the chase hauing greate hope to make an ende eyther of the whole warre or of a great part of it when they had folowed the chase the footemen sixe miles and the horsemenne thrice so muche They found no more taken but thirtie nor no more slayne but foure scoure euerye manne thinking it an harde case that they hauing victorye shoulde kyll so fewe and loosyng theyr Engines with so manye When they were ouercome they fell into a greate discourage and doubte of themselues The next daye they passed to Phraartes Campe and by the waye founde first a fewe enimies then more at last all as inuincibly and not to be hurte they prouoked him euerye where set vpon him so as hardly and with muche adoe the Romanes went to their Campe. And where they of the Citie hadde mace a sallie and put some of the Romanes from their trenche Antony was so angry as he punished euery tenth maÌ„ by death according to the deserte taking euery tenth by lotte that hadde forsaken his place and to the other insteade of wheate hée gaue barley The warre was painefull to bothe and the continuance more fearefull Antonie perceyuing hunger would folowe for he coulde get no forage without death and hurte of his souldiors Phraates knowing the Parthians had rather doe any thing than to lie in fielde and in an other land in the winter was afraide that if the Romanes did hold out and tarry that they woulde leaue hym the ayre begynning to chaunge and the time of equall day and night being at hande he deuised this crafte The best of the Parthians vsed the Romanes more gently in their foraging and other encounters suffering them to carry away some things and praysing their vertue as of men moste valiaunt in warre and in great estimation with their king as they were wel worthy And by this meane comming nearer togither and suffring the horsemenne to passe spake euill of Antonie bicause Phraates woulde gladly haue peace and spare so good and so many menne that had giuen none occasion but that he would tarry and abide two gret and harde enimies that is Winter and Hunger from the whiche they coulde hardely escape thoughe the Parthians would suffer them Many declaring this to Antonie and he deceiued by this hope deferred to sende an Heraulte to the Parthians king till he knewe of those wel willing Barbarians if they spake so muche with the Kings consent They affirming and promising that he ought not doubt nor dreade he sent one of his friendes againe requiring to receiue the ensigns the Captiues that he might not be thought altogither to saue himselfe and to escape The Parthians aunswering be shoulde not passe of that but if he did departe he shoulde haue peace and safete â—â— and by wherefore wythin fewe dayes he brake vppe and went his way And whereas he was eloquent in perswading and was wente to 〈…〉 the people and the armye by hys orations now for shame and heauinesse he omitted to speake to the multitude and commaunded Domitius Aenobarbus to do it Some were angry as though he despised them but the more parte were content and perceyued the matter therefore thought the rather to graunt and obey their Generall Béeing aboute to leade them the playne and barren waye a man that by kinde was called Mardus acquainted with the Parthian fashion faithfull to the Romanes and at the fielde of the engins came to Antonie and willed him to flée on the right hand of the hills and not to caste his armye laden with harnesse and weary with iourneys to suche a mighte of horse and shorte and that Phraates vnder shewe of beneuolence went aboute to entâ—aâ— him and that he woulde leade hym a shorter way in she whiche he shoulde haue sufficiencie of all things When Antonie heard this he tooke counsel and said he would not séeme too distruste the Parthians touching the peace but for the shortnesse of the way and the plentifull Townes inhabited hée praysed Mardus and requyred saith of him He offred to be be and till he brought them into Armenia Being bound he ledde them .ij. days very quietlie The which done Antony not looking for y Parthians and going negligently bycause of his boldenesse Marde sawe the banke of the floud newe broken and much water enterunning the place where they shoulde passe He knewe it was the Parthians worke to make their way the harder and to set that floude as an impdeiment vnto them and willed Antonie to 〈…〉 about him for the ennimie was not farre off Whiles he set hys men in order and commaunded the shotte to encounter with the beholde the Parthians appeared and came as they woulde haue compassed and dissolued the army The shotte comming vppon them and hurte being done on both sides they retyred and after came againe Then the French horsmen encountred with them and putte them backe so as that day they did no more attempte By this Antonie learning what he shoulde do he placed manye shotte not onely at the taileâ— out one she sides leadyng the armye in a square commaunding the horsemen to putte backe the ennimies but not to followe them too farre So the Parthians in these foure dayes hauyng done no more hurte than receiued waxed flowe and entended to goe their waye making Wynter their pretence The fifth daye Flauius Gallus a good Souldioure and a forwarde in feates of warre required Antonie to giue him some shotte for hys rerewarde and horsmen for hys fore warde and he woulde do a good seruice He gaue him and he kept backe the ennimies But nowe not returning to the footemen as he did before but following and fighting with more courage when the leaders of the â—aile saw him go too far they called hym backe but he would not They say Titius did take the Ensigne to turne him backe and rebuke Gallus that woulde lose so manye and so good men and that he rebuked him agayne and badde him medle with his owne matters and so Titius went his way Gallus setting vppon the face
God guideth kings The maruellous loue of Antiochê° A singular Phisition A rare example of a princely fatherly loue to an afflicted modest sonne A most glorious acte â–ª The noble king Seleucus is killed by treason of Ptolomie Câ—râ—â—â—â—o vvhom he kept from his fathers fury Argos Diomedes Ceraunius is a name giuen for boldnes and svviftnesse of vvitte Phâ—leterus bought the dead body of Seleucus to bury it Token of Lysimachus raigne Aristander southsayer Thorax The faythfulnes of a dogge Tvvo noble princes The succession of Seleucus Antiochus Sotâ—r that is sauiour Antiochus Deus Laodice Berenice Seleucus Calinicus Seleucus Antiochus Mâ—gnus Artaxia king The Senate of Popilâ—â—s Elymaea at the coast of Eupatâ—r Alexander the counterfaite getteth the kingdom of Syâ—iâ— â—â—caâ—â—â— Dâ—odotus bringeth in the â—astards son Râ—phon Antiochus â—â—â—leth him 〈◊〉 Dâ—metrius is â—â—â—led oâ— his vvise Selencus is killed oâ— hâ—â— mother Grypus killed his mother to saue himselfe Cyzicenus driueth ouâ— Grypus Seleuâ—us driueth out Cyzicenus Mopsus is a â—ree Citie in Cilicia vvhich Sâ—â—aâ—o calleth Mopsuâ—â—â—â— Eâ—sebes good or devvtifull Pompey taketh the kingdomâ— of Syriâ— The proper name of Dido vvas 〈◊〉 vvho killed hirselfe rather than she vvould mary vvith a Barbarian king Tyrus is novv called Pâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— It vvas â—â— Iland Alexander ioyned â—â— to the land Pygmaleon son to 〈◊〉 kin of Tyrus killed Sycheas his sisters 〈◊〉 Byrsa is an â—yde or a skinne Phâ—â—iâ—â—â— is in Syria next the Iâ—wâ— Inâ—â—entrice of letters and nauigation theyâ— tvvo chief câ—â—â—â—â— vvere Tyrus and Sydâ—â— The Greeke vvord is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vvhich signifieth accuâ—sed or a place that may not be inhabited The habitation vvas â—edde by â— Gracâ—â—us and Flaccus vvhen the citie vvas troubled for the â—avv of landes but not then allovved â—â—e â—arthagiâ—â— send to Lacedemonia for a Captaine Santippus is sent froÌ„ Lacedemonia Aspis or Clâ—â—â—â— of the likenesse of a buckâ—er is a Citie in Affricâ— in the proâ—â—ntâ— â–ª rie of Mercurie Regulâ—â— diâ—â—â—adâ—â—th peace in Rome and is tormented to death at Carthage The ingratitude of the Carthaginians tovvard Santippus After 24. yeares vvar the Cartha gâ—â—s vvere driueÌ„ out of Sicelie C. â—â—ctâ—tuâ— Catullus being Consul The Carthagies kill the Romaine merchaÌ„ts â—â—erus novv â—â—bâ—â—is a floud in Spaine â—at diuideâ—h Arâ—â—on An openion of diuine iuspuâ—â—â—oÌ„ in Scipio Contention in the Senate for Scipio going to Carthage The slender setting forth of Scipio to so great a vvarre The pollicie of Scipio to arme 300 â–ª Italians Ligurie is that part of Italie vvhich novv be longeth to the Genowais Massinissa is made sure to Sophinisba Syphax in loue vvitin Sophoniba maketh vvarre vpon the Carthaginians and allieth vvith Scipio Missinissa allieth vvith Scipio Sophinisba is giueÌ„ to Syphax Massinissa escapeth traynes Massinissa trayneth his men The hardnes of the Numidians The manner of Massinissa in the vvarre Vtica vvas the fayreâ—â— citie in Affâ—â—câ— next Carthage thirtie miles of in the vvhich Cato killed himselfe vvhen Caesar folovved him Syphax goeth from the campe Agathocles vvas Tiraâ—â—â— of Syracusâ— and buâ—â—ded this tovver vvhen he made vvat against the Câ—â—thagiâ—s Scipio getteth â–ª a day by the policie of Massinissa Massinissa taketh Hanno and claymeth him for his mother Locha is spoyled by souldiouâ—s furie A seconâ— viâ—â—orye â—â— â—â—â—piâ— The siâ—ge of Vâ—â—câ— These hookes vvere like sâ—thâ—â— to pal the stoâ—â—â— out of the vvaâ—â— Syphax coÌ„meth againe to the field Siphex dealeth for peace The practise of Syphax A practâ—â—e to â—â—â— Massinissa 〈…〉 taketh 〈…〉 â—n the vvhiche vvas the Romaynes proâ—nion The determination of the ennimâ—e againste the Romanes Massinissa saueth the Romanes froÌ„ a greate danger The oration of Scipio touching the sodaine assalting of the ennimye This eare is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such as coÌ„meth of a cause vnkâ—ovven and can not be staied as Iuâ—â—tâ—r put among the Tiâ—â—aâ—s Feare in the Carthagies camp An other victorye of the Romanes Syphax fleeth Scipio revvardeth hys souldioures Asdruball fleeth and is condemned and ryseth againste hys Countrey Anea Scipio saueth the Romane shippes Massinissa and the Romanes against Syphax The fighte betvveene tvvoo Kings Syphax and Massinissa Massinissa taketh Syphax Cyrtis novve Constanâ— vvhere Iugâ—rth killed Adhâ—â—bâ—â— A priuie message â—â—oÌ„ Sephoniâ—bâ— to Massinissa Syphax biddeth Scipio bevvare of Sophonisba Scipio vseth Syphax friendlye as Cyrus Craesus Massinissa is loath to leaue Sophonisba Shee dyeth lâ—â—e a noble harted Ladye Syphax is sent to Rome Syphax dyeth in prison Practise against Scipio Sacrifices signifying fyre The conspiraâ—â— bevvrayed Asdrubal is accused falslye Romane shiâ—â— taken Scipio leaueth â—hâ— siege at Vtica Hippon this socmeth to bee the country of saint Aosten Expâ—nâ—â—â— Aâ—â—catie of peace Dâ—eise opinâ—â—s â—n the Sen â—â—e Annibal in Affrica Alrumeta is so fat from Carthagâ— as Annibal rode in post tvvo dayes and tvvo nightes Areacides Masiâ—laâ— Vermina Annibal getteth Narces by tâ—â—asâ— People of Carthage do spoâ—â—e the Romanes â—â— time of peace Modestie of Scipio Zama A fight of horsemen Victual taken from Annibal Annibal maketh meane to Massinissa to escape present famiâ—â— Annibal escapâ—â—â— famâ—â—e The rude people of Carthage The malice of the people against Asdrubal Asdrubal killeth himselfe The spight of the people against him The peaâ—â— broken Parthos Scipio câ—â—â— leth Annibalâ— espies â—o be led about his army Talke betvven Scipio and Annibal Cilla Annibal in straightes The order of Annibals battell Gymâ—aâ—iâ— be the Ilands called â—aâ—eares novv Maâ—â—â—câ— and Nicorea Eâ—camas Scipio his order Scipio to his souldiours Annibal to his souldiours The Elephants put backe at the vvings The Elephants trouble the Romanes fotemen in the battel Scipio leaueth his horse to fight vvith the Bâ—ephanâ—s Massinissa vvouÌ„deth Massintha Scipio and Annibal fighte Massinissa commeth to the danger that Scipio vvas in The Romanes skil in â—ight Annibal renevveth the fight Massinissa and Annibal fighteth Scipio commeth in reliefe of Massinassa â—rrour in the battel Annibal â—yeth Annibal flyeth to Thonne Annibal coÌ„meth in hast to Adrumeâ—â— Scipio â—eâ—deth Lalâ—â—â— vvith the nevves to Româ— Carthage seÌ„deth to Scipio for peace Carthage â—ueth for peace People in free citties disobedent Iustification Submissionâ— Scipio to the Embassadoures of Carthage People resiste peace Annibal persuâ— saâ—deth peace In this place the Greeke texte is vnperfect Discorde in the Senate house touching the peace Contention in Rome for peace vvith Carthage VVhat is to be considered in vvarre P. Cornelius speaketh against the peace that Scipio offered to the Carthaginians Sigunt is novve called Murâ—edre Examples of the Carthaginians crueltie and vnfaithfulnesse Nuceria novve Nocera Acerra one in â—mbâ—â—a an other in Campania Foure hundred cities destroyed in Italy by Annibal Causes that â—â—de Sâ—â—pio to make peace vvith the Carâ—â—a gâ—â—ans 〈…〉 â— goodlye 〈…〉 in the 〈…〉 an sea adâ—oyning to Caâ—â—a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â–ª The Greeke vvord sometime signifyed pypers but here it is Sâ—â—â—â— after the Tâ—scâ—â—â— manner Laurel or Bay dedicate to triumphes and to the gates of Emperours houses Priuiledge of triumph
he had saide thus he pulled vp his gowne lyke a man beside hymselfe and gyrded it that he might the better stirre his handes he stoode ouer the Litter as from a Tabernacle looking into it and epening it and firste sang his Himne as to a God in heauen And to confirme he was a God he held vp his hands and with a swift voice he rehearsed the warres the fights the victories the nations that he had subdued to his Countrey and the great â—ooties that he had sent making euery one to be a maruell Then with a continuall crie This is the only vnconquered of all that euer came to hanâ—s with hym Thou quoth he alone diddest reuenge thy countrey being iniured 300. years those fierce nations that onely inuaded Rome only burned it thou broughtest them on their knées And when he had made these and many other inuocations he tourned hys voice from triumphe to mourning matter and began to lament and mone him as a friend that had bin vniustly vsed did desire that be might giue hys soule for Caesars Then falling into moste vehement affections vncouered Caesars body holding vp his vesture with a speare cut with the woundes and redde with the bloude of the chiefe Ruler by the which the people lyke a Quire did sing lameÌ„tation vnto him and by this passion were againe repleate with ire And after these spéeches other lamentations wyth voice after the Country custome were sung of the Quires and they rehearsed again his acts his hap Then made he Caesar hymselfe to speake as it were in a lameÌ„table sort to howe many of his enimies he hadde done good by name of the killers themselues to say as in an admiratioÌ„ Did I saue them that haue killed me This the people could not abide calling to remembraunce that all the kyllers only Decimus except were of Pompeys faction and subdued by hym to whom in stead of punishment he had giuen promotion of offices gouernments of prouinces armies thought Decimus worthy to be made his heyre son by adoption and yet coÌ„spired hys death While the matter was thus handled and like to haue come to a fray one shewed out of the Litter the Image of Caesar made of ware for hys vody it selfe lying flat in the Litter could not be séene Hys picture was by a deuise turned about .xxiij. wouÌ„ds wer shewed ouer al his body his face horrible to behold The people séeing this pittifull picture coulde beare the dolour no longer but thronged togyther and beset the Senate house wherein Caesar was kylled and set it a fyre and the kyllers that fledde for their liues they ranne and sought in euery place and that so outragiouslye both in anger and dolour as they kylled Cynna the Tribune being in name lyke to Cynna the Pretor that spake euill of Caesar and wold not tarry to heare the declaration of his name but cruelly tore him a peeces and lefte not one parte to be put in graue They caried fire against other mens houses who manlye defending themselues and the neighbours entreating them they refrayned from fyre but threatned to be in armes the next day Wherefore the strikers hid themselues and fled out of the Citie The people returned to the Litter caried it as an holye thing to be buried in an holy place among the Gods but bicause the Priests did deny it they brought hym againe into the common place where the Pallaice of the old Kings were and there with al the bourds tymber which they could find in the place which was muche beside that euery man broughte of himselfe with garlandes and other gifts of priuate persons makyng a solemne shew they buryed the body and abode al night about the fyre In the whiche place at the first was made an Altare but nowe there is a temple of Caesar where he is thought worthy diuine honors For his son by electioÌ„ Octauius taking the name of Caesar disposing the state after his example which then takyng the beginning he excéedingly aduancing to the degrée it is now did thinke his father to deserue honors equall with the Gods the which at this time hauing their originall y Romaines now vse to giue the same to hym that ruleth the estate vnlesse he be a Tyranne or diffamed at his death that in olde tyme could not suffer the name of a Kyng alyue Thus Caesar was killed on the day which they cal the Ides of Marche whiche daye of the Moneth the Soothsayer sarde hée shoulde not passe at the whiche he in the morning mocked him saying the Ides be come to whome he aunswered boldlye againe but they be not yet gone Thus hée despising as well the foresayings of this constaÌ„t Soothsayer as all other tokens spoken of before went abroad was killed y lvj yere of his age A man most happy fortunate in al his noble actions and most like vnto Alexander the great for they both were very ambitions and valiant and swifte to execute their enterpryses in perils moste bolde of their bodies most carelesse and did not more trust in Soldiours seruice than in courage and fortune of the which the one in the heate of sommer through places voide of water went to Ammon and ranne ouer the gulfe of Pamphilia of the crosse surgyng Sea fortune staying the ragyng waues whiles he passed and sendyyg hym rayne when he wente by lande he assayde the Indian Sea that was not Nauigable He was the firste that scaled a town and alone mounted the enimies wall alone receyued .xiij. wouÌ„des on his body euer inuincible and alwayes getting victory at the first or the second Battayle He subdued manye barbarous nations in Europe and ouercame the Grecians a valiant people and louing libertie and before him obeying none but Philip that a litle whyle for an honour to appeare in his feates of warre Asia as a man may say he ranged all ouer and briefely for to tell his fortune and Empire as much land as he saw he gotte And conceyuing and determining a Conquest of the rest in his mind he was destroyed To Caesar the Ionian sea gane place in the middest of winter and shewed it selfe cauline to his nauigation He also sayled the Bryttaine Ocean not attempted before and fallyng vpon the rockes of Englande he had the shipmayster runne a shore and â—itte their shippes In an other sea striuing with the streame alone in the night in a little boate he badde the Mayster let the sayles go to the winde and trust more in Caesars fortune than in the Sea. Against his enimses alone he hath lepte many tymes and all the reste haue bin afraide He alone did fighte with the Frenche thirtie times til he had subdued fourtie nations of theÌ„ whiche were so terrible to the Romaines as olde and holy men by lawe were priuiledged from warre except when the French enimie
gathered togither all theÌ„ y he had in suspitioÌ„ before the warre did waâ—e sharper First he killed the gouernours of the Galatians which were with him as frendes not yet subiect to him with their wifes chyldren except thrée that fled To some he layd traynes some he killed in a night at a banquet thinking none woulde kéepe their fayth if Sylla came confiscating their goodes he made Eumachus presideÌ„t of that nation The rulers that escaped gatheryng an army of their tenaunts of the countrey droue him his garrisons out of Galatia so as Mithridates had nothing of that nation but money only And being angry with the Chians euersince their ship crushed the kings shippe in the battaile at the Rhodes he came secretely vpon them first leased vpoÌ„ their goodes that were fled to Sylla Then he sent to inquire of them that tooke the Romanes parte in Chio. And Zenobus that ledde the third army as though he would haue hasted into Gretia came to the walles of Chio other naked places by night tooke them and setting a garde at the gate proclaymed that strangers should not stirre assembled the Chians as to say somwhat to them from the king WheÌ„ he was come he sayde the king had the citie in suspition bycause they fauoured the Romanes Your ease must be to deliuer your armure your best children for pledges They seing theyr citie already taken deliuered both The which Zenobus sente by by to Erythea commaunding the Chians to tarrie for the kings letters Mithridates letter came to this effect You be yet frends to the Romanes with whom many of your Citizens be you enioy the Fermes that they haue let you for the which you pay nothing to vs Further a Galley of yours at the fight at Rhodes did shake and crushe my shippes which fault I would put onely vpon the guyders of the ship if you could be recouered by loue But secretly you haue now sent your chief men to Sylla you haue accused none of theÌ„ as doyng it without coÌ„mon consent nor you haue punished any of them as not priuie to their doyngs and whereas I might punish you by death beyng so counsayled by my friends as séekers of my life and traytours to my kingdome I punish you in two thousand talents This was the tenor of the letter They would haue sent Embassadours to him but Zenobius woulde not suffer them And when their armure was gone their chiefe children taken away so great an army of Barbarians at haÌ„d with heauy hearts they tooke the treasure out of the temples their wiues Jewels that they might make the .ij. M. talents WheÌ„ they had done this Zenobius finding fault with the wayght he called theÌ„ al into the Theatre setting his soldiours about the Theatre with their weapons drawne the waies downe to the sea side he called theÌ„ out seuerally put them in the ships the men by theÌ„selues the womeÌ„ likewise the children by theÌ„selues barbarously scoffing at theÌ„ Thus being spoyled of their countrey they were sent into Pontus Euxinus to Mithridates After this sort were y Chians vsed The Ephesians required Zenobius that was come to theÌ„ to leane his army at the gate to come in with a few He did so and went to Philopaemena father to Monime whoÌ„ Mithridates loued had made ouerâ—eeâ— of the Ephesians willed the Ephesians by proclamatioÌ„ to come togither in their assembly They lokyng for no good at his haÌ„ds deferred it till the next day And in the night gathering togither exhorting one an other they tooke Zenobius killed him in pryson They fenced their walles they put their people in order they gathered in their corne kept all the Citie by strength The Trallians Papenians and Mesopolitans and some other afrayed by the calamitie of Chio did as the EphesiaÌ„s had done Mithridates sent his army against them that reuolted and vsed them cruelly whom he tooke and fearyng the rest he made the cities of Greece frée He proclaymed forgiuenesse of debtes and the fermours he made Citizens the bondmen frée hoping as it was in déede that the released of debt the new made citizens fréemen would be sure vnto hym thinkyng these things could not be sure vnto them but by Mithridates rule In the meane season Mynio and Philotimus of Smyrna and Clisthenes and Asclepiodotus Lesbians al fréendes to the king and Asclepiodotus sometime captayne of the straungers did make a conspiracie against Mithridates Of the which Asclepiodotus was the bewraier for the more credite he brought to passe that the kyng vnder a bedde hearde what Mynio sayde The coÌ„spiracie being bewrayed they were cruelly killed The like suspition was vpon many moe The Pergameneans doyng the like foure score of them were takeÌ„ and other in other cities Mithridates sending searchers to euery place who finding out his enimies killed a thousaÌ„d sixe hundred men the accusers of the which not loÌ„g after were soone punished of Sylla some killed themself some fled to Mithridates into Pontus Now had Mithridates gathered an army of .lxxx. M. the which Dorilus did leade into Grecia to Archelous that had .x. M. left Syllas had his army nigh to Archelous at Orchomeno when he saw so great a nuÌ„ber of horsemen he digged many pittes in the plaine x. foote broade And had his army in order to receyue Archelaus And when the Romanes did fayntly come to y fight for the multitude of horsemeÌ„ he rode about exhorted them beside threatned theÌ„ But wheÌ„ he could not so bring them to the matter he lept of his horse and tooke the Ensigne ranne to the enimies with his garde crying If any man aske you O Romanes where you betrayed your generall Sylla say when he fought at Orchomeno The Capitaines ranne froÌ„ their bandes to hym beyng in this daunger Then the multitude beyng ashamed chaunged their feare into courage And when the victory began to appeare he mounted on horse agayne and rode about the host praysing them and in euery place exhorting them till he had brought it to end There dyed of the enimes aboute fiftéene thousande whereof the most part were horsemen among them Diogenes that was Archelous son The footemen fledde to the Campe and Sylla fearing least Archelous woulde flée againe to Thalcida he hauing no Shippes all that night he set watches in y playne and in the day not fully a furlong froÌ„ Archelous he cast a trench he not comming forth exhorted earnestly his army to finish the rest of al this battel seing their enimies durst not come out and brought them to the treÌ„ch of Archelous The like mutation was among the enimies for necessitie the Captaynes running aboute shewing the presente daunger and rebuking them if they woulde not defende theyr Camp against their enimies that were fewer than they Force and
crye being made on eyther side there was great might shewed on both parts The Romanes couering themselues with their shields did now digge downe a corner of the Campe but the defendours put them backe with their shorte weapons and none durst enter till Basillus the Captayne of that legion firste lept in and killed him that resisted him al the army followed then flight and slaughter was made of the Barbarians of some as they went of other being driuen into a lake that was nigh and where they coulde not swimme made prayers in their Barbarian tong to the killers of them that vnderstoode them not And Archelous was hidde in a Fenne where getting boates he sayled to Chalcida and gathered togither all the rest of the Kings army with diligence Sylla the nexte daye gaue Basillus a garland and rewarded others with giftes accordingly and then spoyled Soeotia that was euer wauering And being come to Thessalia wintered and tarried for the Shyppes that Lucullus hadde And bycause he could not tell where Lucullus was he made other Shippes In this time Cornelius Cinna and Gaius Marius his enimies in Rome proclaymed him Rebell spoyling his house and his Villages and destroying his friends He notwithstanding did all thinges as with authoritie hauing an army valiant and obedient Cinna chose Flaccus for his fellow in the Consuls office and sente him into Asia with two legions in the place of Sylla that was declared an enimie to be ruler of Asia and make warre with Mithridates Flaccus being vnexpert in the warres a man of the Senate of good will and beloued of the army named Fimbria wente with him They sayling from Brunduse many of their shippes were lost by winters weather and a nauie sent of Mithridates burned their Shippes that went in espiall All the army forsooke Flaccus being a malitious couetous and cruell man and part of them that were sente into Thessaly turned to Sylla The rest Fimbria being thought of them a better Captayne and of a more gentle nature than Flaccus stayed from reuolting and chancing that there was a coÌ„tention for a lodging betwéene him a treasurer and Flaccus leauing the matter vniudged and somewhat touching the honor of Fimbria he being disoeynefull threatned to returne to Rome and Flaccus appointed a successour to him for y things that were to be done Then Fimbria wayting him as he went to Calcida first tooke the maces from Thermo whom Flaccus had made officer against him as so receyuing the charge by the coÌ„sent of the army following Flaccus with anger til he droue him into an house out of y which escaping by night he fledde first into Calcide then into Nicomedia and shut the gates But Fimbria came vpon him and killed him being crept into a pitte being Consull of the Romanes and generall of the warre where he was but a priuate maÌ„ and was come with him as his friend at his request He cut of his head and threwe it into the Sea his carcasse he cast out vnburied so making himselfe Generall he foughte diuers fightes valiantly with Mithridates his sonne and droue the K himselfe froÌ„ Pergamo whither he followed him to Pitane where he beséeged him till by shippe he fledde to Mitylene Fimbria inuading Asia punished y faction of Cappadocia and spoyled the lands of them that woulde not receyue him The Ilians being beséeged of him fledde to Sylla who promised theÌ„ to come and willed theÌ„ to say to Fimbria that they were yéelded to him When Fimbria heard this he praysed them as friendes to the Romanes and desired them to receyue him as a Romane also â—estingly shewing that the Ilians and the Romanes were of affinitie Being entred he killed all that he mette and burned euery thing and the Embassadors that were sente to Sylla he tormented dyuers wayes neyther sparing holy things nor them that were fledde into the Temple of Minerua whome he burned in the Temple The next day he bet downe the walles and went about to sée if any thing stoode in the Citie which was worse vsed by hym a man allied than it was in Agamemnons time no house no temple no image being left The Image of Minerua which they called Palladium sent from heauen as they thinke some suppose was vnbroken being couered with the walles that fell excepte Diomedes and Vlisses carried it away at the warre of troy Thys did Fimbria against IliuÌ„ the. CIII Olimpiad theÌ„ ending which some thinke was a thousand and fifty yeares after Agamemnon When Mithridates heard of the losse at Orchomeno considering the multitude he hadde sente into Grecia and the continuall and greate ouerthrowes he sent to Archelous to make truce in as good manner as he could and being come to the parley sayde to Sylla Mithridates being an auntient friend to you O Sylla hath made warre for the couetousnesse of other Generalles He is content to leaue warre for thy vertues sake by the which thou wilt commaund him that shall be iust Sylla for wante of Ships and money none being sent him bycause of his enimies that had iudged him a Rebell hauing gathered money of the Pythians Olimpians and Epidaureans and giuen them â–ª by reason for their holy things halfe the Thebans land that so oft rebelled and hauing an army valiant and experte to leade agaynste the Rebellion of hys enimies he was bent to peace and sayd If Mithridates had bin iniured he should haue sent Embassadoures but doyng iniurie he hath inuaded many lands of other mens he hathe slayne very many the common and holy thyngs of Cities and the proper goodes of them he hathe spoyled béeyng a like vnfaythfull to his friendes and to vs of whome he hathe killed many and slayne the Princes that were at a banquet with him in the night with their wiues and children and hath shewed to vs rather crueltie of nature than necessitie of warre and vsed the Italians in Asia with all kindes of euils destroying and murthering men women children and slaues that were of the nation of Italy so great an hate had he againste Italy He alleadgeth now auntient amitie for a fashion but not before he hathe lost a hundreth and thréescore thousand men by me he maketh any mention of it Wherefore reason would we should take him for vnfaithfull yet for thy sake I will vndertake to get him forgiuenesse of the Romanes if he repente his doyngs but if he dissembleth now also loke thou wel to it Archeloe and consider the present state as well for thy selfe as for him Consider howe hée hath vsed his friends and how we haue vsed Eumenes and Massinissa Hee speaking thus Archelous disdeynefull brake his tale as spoken to proue him and sayde that he woulde neuer betray the army that was committed to him yet hope I for peace at thy hand if thou makest reasonable coÌ„ditions Sylla ceassing a while sayd Archeloe if Mithridates doe deliuer vnto me all the