armies nor any mighty man delivered by his own strength but salvation is from the Lord. And so are Disappointments also There we are assured that He from his habitation looketh down upon all that dwell on the earth He fashioneth the hearts of them he understandeth all their ways And though many are the devices that are in their hearts yet it is his counsel only that shall stand In a word it is God as the Apostle tells us that worketh all things and he worketh them all according to the counsel of his own will So that nothing comes by chance nothing is done in vain but all Events are in pursuance of a Design Nay not so much as the Event of casting a Lot which seems the most fortuitous contingent thing in the whole World is left at random For even in that Case the disposal of the Lot as Solomon tells us Prov. 16. 33. is from the Lord. All this is not only the Doctrine but in a great measure the very Language and Expression of those Holy Books And what can we desire more Or what words can we invent that shall declare more fully the thing we are speaking of None can that I know of except perhaps those of our Saviour with which I shall shut up this point Fear not saith he to his Disciples Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing yet not one of them falls to the ground without the will of your Father Nay I say unto you the very hairs of your head are all numbered O wonderful this what God Almighty number the very Hairs of our Heads Lord what is man that thou shouldst have such respect unto him and do that for him which even the nicest and most delicate of Men never yet did for themselves But thus art thou pleased to express thy particular regard to the Sons of Men. Thus art thou pleased to let us see that none of us are so inconsiderable but that we are within the Verge of thy Providence and Objects of thy Care And therefore much more are Cities and States and Kingdoms so wherein the Fortunes of so many Individuals are wrapt up O blessed be God for his Love to Mankind O for ever adored be his Name for thus humbling himself to take notice of us and our Affairs and likewise for giving us such abundant Assurance that He doth so Since therefore we have such mighty Evidence of all sorts that the Lord is King let the earth be glad yea let the multitude of the isles be glad thereof And we shall still see greater reason thus to be glad if we consider a little more particularly the Rules and Measures by which God administers the Affairs of his Kingdom Which are not as too often happens in Human Governments Arbitrary Will or Humour but perfect Wisdom and Iustice and Goodness Tho' it be true what the Psalmist saith That Whatsoever the Lord pleaseth that doth he in Heaven and in Earth and in the Sea and all deep places Yet it is as true that the Lord will never be pleased to do any thing either in Heaven or in Earth but what is suggested by Infinite Goodness and in such ways as are the Result of Infinite Wisdom For as the same Psalmist tells us He loveth righteousness and judgment the earth is full of the goodness of the Lord. He is holy in all his ways and righteous in all his doings and his tender mercies are over all his works To say That God deals arbitrarily with any of his Creatures or that He dispenseth Good or Evil to them meerly because He will without any other Reason is in truth to disparage His Nature and gives us such a notion of Him as we have perhaps of some of the Great Monarchs of the World but whom we are far from esteeming the Best Men. No certainly if we Mankind find in our selves that the wiser and better we grow the less are we led by Humour and Will and the more do we shake off our Indifferency to Good and Evil and the more steadily do we cleave to the eternal Laws of Reason and Righteousness in all our Actions We may be sure that God who is Wisdom and Iustice and Goodness it self can never in any of his Actions or Dealings with his Creatures depart from these Principles The true Scheme of God Almighty's Government is plainly this His Infinite Mind clearly understood all the Possibilities of things long before they were in actual being He knew what things were possible to be and how they would act if they were put into being and what the Events of all their Actings would be His Infinite Goodness moved him to put into actual being every thing that he saw was Good to Be and to give them all those powers of Action that they have and withal to look after them so as that both they and all their Motions and Actions should at last be to the Praise and Glory of the same Goodness that first enclined him to create them His Infinite Wisdom contrived the Methods in which all this should be brought to pass and so laid the Scheme and Platform of things that nothing could happen in the whole Creation from the beginning of the World to the end thereof tho' it was in it self never so bad never so mischievous but what both might and should be so ordered as to be subservient to that end And lastly The Scheme of Things being thus laid His Infinite Power first produced All things and still upholds All things and from time to time in their several seasons actually brings to pass every thing according to the Determinations of his eternal Wisdom And tho' it doth it in ways secret to us yet it doth it certainly and surely and withal most easily and gently with the least violence to the establish'd Laws of Nature and without any force at all upon the Free Wills of Intelligent Beings This I say is the Account that both Reason and Scripture give us of God's Making and Governing the World Infinite Knowledge is the Foundation of All. Infinite Goodness is the Author and Mover of All. Infinite Wisdom is the Contriver and Director of All. And Infinite Power executes All. Admit now these Principles and see what will follow from them It will follow from hence in the first place that every Event that happens in the World is beautiful in its season as Solomon expresses it That is to say How unaccountable soever it may appear to us yet there is a good Reason to be given both why it happens at all and likewise why it happens at that time and with those circumstances that it doth It helps to adorn the Great Drama and Contrivance of God's Providence and ministers to excellent Ends tho' we poor Creatures do little apprehend how it makes for them As indeed it is impossible we should unless we had the whole Comprehension of Things in our Minds and saw the entire Scheme of God's
A SERMON Preach'd before the King Queen AT WHITE-HALL The 12 th of November 1693. Being the Day appointed for a Publick Thanksgiving To Almighty God for the Gracious Preservation of His Majesty And His Safe Return By IOHN Lord Archbishop of YORK Publish'd by Their Majesties special Command LONDON Printed by T. W. for Walter Kettilby at the Bishop's Head in St. Paul's Church-Yard 1693. THE ARCHBISHOP of YORK's Thanksgiving-Sermon BEFORE THE King Queen At Whitehall Novemb. xii 1693. A SERMON Preached before the King Queen PSAL. xcvii 1. The Lord is King the earth may be glad thereof yea the multitude of the isles may be glad thereof THAT is to say it ought to be Matter of exceeding Joy to all the Inhabitants of the World that amidst all the Uncertainties and Hazards and Variety of Fortunes which they here find themselves exposed to there is One Above that governs All. GOD that made the World is the King of it All the Beings of the Universe Angels Men and Devils with all the other Animate or Inanimate things in Heaven and Earth as they are His Creatures so are they truly and properly His Subjects and act entirely in subordination to Him as Ministers and Instruments do under the Guidance of the Principal Agent GOD doth as truly Reign in the World as any King does in his Kingdom He doth as truly order the Affairs of it as any Master doth those of his own Family Nay a Man 's own Thoughts and Actions are not by a thousand times so much attended by himself are not so much his Care as the Affairs of the Universe are attended by and are the Care of God Almighty This is the notion of the Lord 's being King and Do you not think it ought to be matter of Rejoycing to all Reasonable Creatures O Lord what a gloomy dismal Scene of things do they present us with that give other Accounts of these matters To banish God's Providence and Government out of the World is to banish all Joy all Peace all Hope all Comfort for ever from all those that have the power of Thinking A Brute indeed is not much concern'd how Matters are order'd An Ox may grow fat in his Stall and a Colt frisk in his Pasture let the Hypothesis of the Government of the World be what it will But to one that is made with a Faculty of Reasoning that has Hopes and Fears and can reflect on what is past and hath a prospect of what is future what black and melancholy Apprehensions must it cause in such a one to suppose that no care is taken of Human Affairs but that we sail in the tempestuous Ocean of this World every minute in danger of Rocks and Quicksands without any Pilot to steer us Take what Hypothesis you will either that there is no God but that all things come to pass by Chance or inevitable Necessity Or that there is a God but that God having once put things into this Frame never meant to trouble himself more about them but left them to shift for themselves Natural Events falling out from necessary Causes and Civil Affairs being left to Mankind who are to shuffle and divide the World among themselves as well as they can I say proceed which way you will if you exclude God Almighty's Government you make this World so dark and miserable a place that no serious-câ—â—â—idering man can tolerably enjoy himself in it For here upon the former supposition you are left without Counsel or Advice You have nothing to propose nothing to design in the course of your Lives It is all one how you behave your selves whether honestly or wickedly whether you mind your Business or mind it not for the Event will be the same You are obliged to no body for any Benefits you can complain of no body for any ill usage If you be in ill circumstances you have none to apply to for Remedy and if you be in good ones you may be stript of them without Remedy the next moment for all things are carried on by a whirl of Fate And you are not much better'd by the latter Hypothesis That God hath trusted the Government of the World with Mankind who are endowed with Reason and Understanding For if we consider how Mankind do sometimes use their Reasons it is as good if not better to be exposed to the Hazards of Chance or Necessity as to be subject to their Wills The truth of it is if this Systeme of the World be well consider'd it will appear a more uncomfortable one than the other for it doth not remove from us the Iron Banâ—â— of Fate we are still under that Yoke as much as we were before Yet besides these it puts upon us another Yoke the arbitrary Pleasures of those of our own kind which if they be not governed by Reason are ten times more unsupportable than the other We are by this Hypothesis as much exposed to Natural Evils as we were before and there is no help for them but over and above we must bear the Indignities and Insolences the Ravages and Cruelty of every one that is stronger than our selves and hath the will to oppress us O hard Lot of Mankind if this was their Constitution better by far were it for them to be Brutes and think of nothing than to be Men upon such Terms as these Happy therefore are the Inhabitants of the Earth happy are the remotest Isles thereof that there is a King that reigns both over Fate and Men. Happy are we that there is a wise and intelligent Being that superintends all our Affairs and so governs both the Powers of Nature and the Powers of Mankind that nothing can be done by either of them but what is designed by and pursuant to his Counsels Upon this Supposition we may live like Men and enjoy our selves with some Comfort in this World We may propose Ends and Designs to our selves and hope that with our diligence and good management they may take effect Upon this Supposition we may and ought to look upon all our good Successes as the Blessings of God to us and particularly that which we are this day met together to thank Him for I mean the wonderful Preservation of His Majesty from all the Dangers to which he hath so often been exposed and his safe Return to us Upon this Supposition we may hope that tho' all things have not yet succeeded according to our Wishes yet in due time they may since the King of the World hath by the frequent and unexpected Deliverances he hath wrought for us and the strange unusual Providences that have attended our King given us some Encouragement to believe provided we do our parts towards it that He hath reserv'd Vs for better Times and Him for the executing those Glorious Designs which Good Men hope will at last be accomplish'd in the World Lastly Upon this Supposition every Honest Man will find reason enough both to bear contentedly
whatever uneasie Circumstances he lyes under and to trust in God's Mercy for the removal of them and in the mean time to possess his own Soul in a cheerfuâ— dependance on God's Providence and a hearty Thankfulness for all the innumerable Blessings he hath receiv'd and doth daily receive from his Hands And therefore since the Lord is King let the earth be glad yea let the multitude of the isles be glad thereof Now That the Lord is really thus the King of the World there are all the Arguments to perswade us that can be desir'd It is the Voice of Reason It is the Voice of all Mankind It is the Voice of GOD himself both in His Works and in His Word Give me leave to give you a Specimen in all these ways of Arguing and but a Specimen because it would be rather the Work of a Book than of a Sermon to dilate upon these matters First I say Reason tells us it must be thus For admitting that the World did not make it self but was made by God it will follow that the same God that made it must still govern it For the same Ends and Designs and Motives whatever they were that induced God to make the World at first will oblige Him for ever to take care of it and look after it Unless we suppose God to contrive and act as uncertainly and unstedily and with the same inconstancy and levity of Mind that some of us Mortals here upon Earth do Secondly It is the Voice of all Mankind For otherwise how comes it to pass that among all Nations and in all Ages there has been some Religion or other practised I pray what is the meaning of worshipping God of putting up Prayers and Supplications to Him for the things we need of returning Thanks for the Benefits we have received of appointing Religious Rites and Methods for the expiation of Guilt or the averting of impendent Calamities all which things have been practised in all Nations from the beginning of the World to this day I say what is the meaning of all this unless it was hereby meant to be signified That there is a God which doth concern himself in the Affairs of Mankind and who doth dispense Good or Evil to them as they well or ill behave themselves towards him The Truth is To say that God doth not govern the World is to say that all Religion is a Cheat and that all Mankind except a few debauch'd Wits in the more polite Countries and a few Brutes in the very barbarous ones who are of no Religion at all have been and are a company of credulous Fools For this is certain whatever Argument either Iew or Turk or Pagan or Christian can suggest to himself for the convincing him that it is his Concernment or his Duty to worship God or to be of any Religion at all nay or to make any conscience of any Action he does I say all these Arguments do not only prove but suppose that God both knows and orders the Affairs of the World Thirdly It may likewise be as strongly proved from Effects from the tracks and footsteps of a Divine over-ruling Providence which are to be seen in the Events that happen in the World which is that I call the Voice of God in his Works These are indeed so many and so visible that whosoever hath either read History or hath made Observations must needs have taken notice of them If ever there were any extraordinary Deliverances vouchsafed to Kingdoms or Cities or particular Persons or ever any remarkable Iudgments inflicted upon any of these which so carried the Marks and Signatures of God's Hand in them that the one could not in reason but be attributed to the Care that he had that Religion or Innocence should not be oppressed and the other must in reason be interpreted as a Divine Vengeance that pursued the Guilty for their Crimes If ever there were any Prophecies that did punctually foretell a Particular Event that came not to pass till many Years after and such an Event as was perfectly contingent and depended upon the Wills of Men If ever there were any Notices given of Approaching Calamities by Voices from Heaven by strange Appearances in the Air and such other like Presages not naturally to be accounted for If ever there were any Apparitions any Witchcraft any effects of a Diabolical Power by which it may appear that there are a sort of Invisible Beings in the World which do bear ill will to Mankind but yet are so curbed that they cannot do all the Mischief they would If ever there were any Miracles wrought either by Moses and the Prophets or by Iesus Christ and his Apostles for the confirmation of the Iewish or the Christian Religion Lastly If ever any Good Man did ever receive any Blessing or avoid any Misfortune which he might rationally look upon as an Answer to the Fervent Prayers that he had put up to God or others had put up for him I say if any of these things that I have now named be true as all Histories give us a World of Instances of the truth of all of them and as for some of them I do not doubt but they fall within the compass of our own Observation and Experience I say if any of these things be true then have we a convincing Proof that there is a Power that doth interpose in the Affairs of the World superiour both to that of Nature and to that of Mankind and which moderates all things according as it seems good unto him But in truth we need not go to supernatural Events or to particular Providences for the Truth of this For in my Opinion the daily effects that every one of us sees and feels the very Subsistence of the World for so many Ages in that regular frame that it was at first and the fair Treatment and Encouragement how unequally soever things seem to be distributed which virtuous and religious men have always found in it and do yet find notwithstanding that far the greatest number of men are of another stamp I say these very things seem an Argument beyond exception That there is a God that presides over us and takes care of us But Fourthly and lastly God has yet given us a further Proof of this by his own many Authentick Declarations in the Holy Scriptures which we call his Word One of the main businesses of which is to assure us That He rules in the kingdoms of men and disposeth of all their Affairs There He is set forth as the Author of all Events both good and bad so that no evil happens in a City but the Lord doth it There He is represented as the searcher of all hearts the Judge of all mens Designs and Actions the Avenger of all Evil Practices and the Refuge of all Good Men. There we are told that He is the God of battels and that no King is saved by the multitude of his
Cowardise to despair of the Common-wealth We are in as good Hands as it is possible for us to be Nay we our selves cannot wish to be in any other Let but us do our Parts by qualifying our selves for God's Mercies and that is to be done by contributing our best Endeavours every man in his Place and Station to the Service of the Publick and then we may safely cast all our care upon him who careth for us and we may be sure we shall not be disappointed This Method as it is much more easie so we shall find it much more conducing towards the obtaining the Successes we desire than Complaining and Fretfulness and a tormenting Anxiety about our Affairs We may indeed by our Peevish and Querulous Humour disquiet our selves and put others into a Ferment nay and at last perhaps may contribute a great deal to the Glory of hindering and defeating the most wise Counsels that are proposed for our Safety but that is the greatest Point we gain God Almighty will not alter his Methods for any of our foolish Passions but there is a way to prevail upon God himself to do for us all that our own Hearts can desire provided that which we desire be good for us and that way is to own Him and his Government to love him and to serve him to be thankful for his Mercies to be easie and cheerful under all his Dispensations to us and lastly to referr our selves entirely to his Wise Counsels and to trust in his Mercy for all that is to come Great indeed and wonderful are the Promises that are made to those that put their Trust in God Cursed saith the Prophet be the man that trusteth in man and maketh flesh his arm But Blessed is he that trusteth in the Lord and whose hope the Lord is Many sorrows saith the Psalmist shall be to the wicked but whose trusteth in the Lord mercy shall embrace him on every side And again O taste and see how gracious the Lord is blessed is the man that trusteth in him If now we believe these things and if we be Christians we do and must believe them consider I beseech you the Vse we are to make of them What have we All to do Let our late Disappointments have put us into never so bad a Humour let our present Circumstances be entangled with never so many Difficulties yet what have we All to do but to Rejoyce in GOD and to Trust in his Mercy All is well and All will be well for ever to them that Love God and put their Trust in Him Sing we therefore unto the Lord a new song let the congregation of saints praise him Let Israel rejoyce in him that made him and let the children of Sion be joyful in their King God is the King of all the earth let us sing praises with understanding The Lord hath pleasure in his people he will for ever help the meek hearted for his delight is in them that fear him and that put their trust in his mercy He is our help and strength a very present help in Trouble therefore will we not fear though the earth be moved and though the hills be carried into the midst of the sea Though the waters thereof rage and swell and the mountains shake at the tempest of the same Even in that case the rivers of the flood thereof shall make glad the city of God All the Blusterings and Storms that threaten God's People shall turn to their Advantage and shall really at length prove matter of rejoycing to them how terrible and dreadful soever they appeared at first For as it there follows God is in the midst of her therefore shall she not be removed God will help her and that right early God will be with his Church and will deliver his People whenever it is proper and seasonable so to do Nay let the Worst come tho' we were reduced even to the utmost Extremities which yet God be thanked we neither are nor I hope ever shall be yet even in that Cafe the Consideration that God is our King ought not only to support us but to fill us with Ioy. Even in that Case every Good Man should bear his part in the Song of the Prophet Habakkuk 3. 17. with which I conclude Although the fig-tree shall not blossom neither shall fruit be in the vine Although the labour of the olive shall fail and the fields shall yield no meat Although the flock shall be cut off from the fold and there be no herd in the stalls yet will I rejoyce in the Lord I will joy in the God of my salvation FINIS Dan. 4. 17. Amo 3. 6. Psal. 33. 16 Psal. 33. 14 Prov. 19. 21 Eph. 1. 11. Matt. 10. 29 Psal. 135. 6 Psal. 33. 5. Psal. 145. 17 9. Heb. 12. 11 Jer. 17. 5. Psal. 32. 10 34. 8.