Ejusdem sit Epizexuis repeâ—itio vocis Ah Corydon Corydon me me bella horrida bella Talis amor Daphnim qualis cum fessa juvencam Per nemora atq altos quaerendo bucula lucos c. Talis amor teneat nec sit mihi cura mederi This figure is twofold viz. 1. In part of a word which is 1. in the beginning of a Sentence 2. in the end of a Sentence 1. In part of a word in the beginning of a Sentence as O utinam possem populos reparare paternis Artibus atque animos formatae iufundere terrae 2. In a part of a word in the end of a sentence as Titus Annius ad illam pestem comprimendam extinguendam fund itus delendam natus esse videtur 2. In a whole word as Ipsa sonant arbusta Deus Deus ille Menalca Si nisi quae facio poterit te digna videri Nulla futura tua est nulla futura tua est Excitate excitate cum fi potestis ab inferis English Examples of Epizeuxis Thus Cicero to Anthony Thou thou Anthony gavest cause of civil war to Caesar willing to turn all upside down Thus Virgil Ah Corydon Corydon what madnesse hath thee moved O let not let not from you be poured upon me destruction It is not believe me it is not wisdome to hazard our salvation upon so weak a ground as mans opinion Terrors terrors upon terrors laid hold on me Scriptural Examples Isa. 51.9 Awake awake put on strength Oh arm of the Lord c. Matth. 23.37 Oh Jerusalem Jerusalem thou that killest the Prophets c. here the woâ—d is geminated to expresse the ardency of the speakers affections Isa. 52.1 Awake awake put on thy strength O Zion c. See Isa. 51.17 12 38 19 40 1. Judg. 5.12 Ezek. 21.9.27 A sword a sword is sharpened c. I will overturn overtuâ—n overturn it c. i.e. I will certainly overturn it Thus David bewaileth the death of his son Absalom in 2 Sam. 18.33 O my son Absalom my son my son Absalom would God I had dyed thee O Absalom my son my son This you may find sometimes by way of Amplification as Psal. 145.18 The Lord is nigh to all that call upon him even to all that call upon him in truth so Psal. 68.12 and Joel 3.14 And sometimes also by way of Transition as Hos. 2.21 I will hear saith the Lord I will hear the heavens and they shall hear the earth and the earth shall hear the corn c. ANadiplosis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Reduplicatio Reduplication or redoubling derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 re again et 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 diploo duplico to double A figure whereby the last word or sound of the first clause is repeated in the beginning of the next Est Anadiplosis quoties ex fine prioris Membri Principium fit dictio prima sequentis Pierides vos haec facietis maxima Gallo Gallo cujus amor tantum mihi crescit in horas Spectatum veniunt veniunt spectentur ut ipsi English Examples With death death must be recompensed On mischief mischief must be heapt Let us at any rate buy the truth Truth will make us no losers Prize wisdom wisdom is a jewel too precious to be slighted Scriptural Examples of Anadiplosis Isa. 30.9 This is a rebellious people lying children children that will not hear the law of the Lord. Deut. 8.7 For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land a land of brooks of water c. Rom. 14.8 If we live we live unto the Lord if we die we die unto the Lord c. Pâ—al 48.8 As we have heard so have we seen in the City of our God God will establish it c. See Psal. 122.2 3. Our feet shall I stand within thy gates oh Jerusalem Jerusalem is builded as a City see the 5. verse of the same Psalm Psal. 145.18 Jer. 2.13.12.11 Luk. 7.31 32. Psal. 9.8 c. CLimax 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gradatio Gradation or a climbing by steps derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 clino reclino acclino to bend towards or incline to for that its ascending is rising upwards and its descending declining or turning away Gradation is a kind of Anadiplosis by degrees making the last word a step to a further meaning It is a figure when a gradual progresse is used in the site or placing of the same word or When the succeeding clauses of a sentece transcend each other by divers degrees or steps of the same sound Continua serie est repetita Gradatio Climax Quod libet id licet his et quod licet id satis andent Quodque audent faciunt faciunt quodcunque molestum est Mars videt hanc visamque cupit potiturque cupita Nec vero se populo solum sed Senatui commisit nec Senatui modo sed etiam publicis praesidiis et armis nec his tantum sed ejus potestati cui Senatus totam Rempub. commisit Pulchrum est bene dicere pulchrius bene sentire pulchâ—rrimum bene facere English Examples of Gradation His Arm no oftner gave blows then the blows gave wounds then the wounds gave death Your words are full of cunning your cunning of promises your promises of wind A young man of great beauty beautified with great honour honoured with great valour You could not enjoy your goods without Government no Government without a Magistrate no Magistrate without obedience and no obedience where every one upon his private passion interprets the rulers actions Out of idleness comes lust out of lust impudence out of impudence a contempt of whatsoever is good Scriptural Examples Matth. 10.40 He that receiveth you receiveth me and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me Rom. 5 3 4 5. Knowing that tribulation worketh patience and patience experience and experience hope c. 2 Pet. 1.5 7. Add to your faith vertue and to vertue knowledge and to knowledge temperance and to temperance patience and to patience godlinesse and to godlinesse brotherly-kindnesse and to brotherly-kindnesse love 1 Cor. 11.3 The head of every man is Christ and the head of the woman is the man and the head of Christ is God c. Rom. 8.30 Whom he predestinated them also he called and whom he called them also he justified and whom he justified them also he glorified See Rom. 10 14 15. 1 Cor. 3.23 22. All are yours you are Christs and Christ is Gods ANaphora 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Relatio Relation or a bringing of the same again derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 anaphero refero to bring again or rehearse It is the repetition of a word of importance and effectual signification or It is a figure when several clauses of a sentence are begun with the same word or sound Diversis membris frontem dat Anaphora eandem Ter conatus ibi collo dare brachia circum Ter frustra câ—mprehensa manus effugit imago Tu pugnare potes
their high provocations against him doth break off from speaking of Israel and turns his speech to Israel as Hos. 13.9 O Israel thou hast destroyed thy self but in me is thine help Thus David having denounced Gods judgments against the Kings and Rulers of the earth in the 2. Psalm doth presently divert his speech to the Kings and great ones themselves Psal. 2.9 10. Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron c. Be wise therefore oh ye Kings be instructed ye Judges of the earth Thus Isaah finding the people to be rebellious to whom he was speaking diverts his speech to the inanimate creatures Isa. 1.2 Hear oh heavens and give ear oh earth for the Lord hath spoken I have nourished and brought up children and they have rebelled against me David being dismayed with the number of his enemies turns his speech to God saying Psal. 3.3 But thou oh Lord art a shield for me my glory and the lifter up of my head See Gen. 49.18 Psal. 33.20 21 22. Judg. 5.11 SYNONYMIA 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nominis communio seu nomina diversa idem significantia a partaking together of a name or divers words signifying one and the same thing whereof the latter is usually explanatory to the former derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 syn simul together and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 onoma nomen a name or word A Synonymie is a commodious heaping together of divers words of one signification A figure when by a variation and change of words that are of like signification one thing is iterated divers times This kind of Elocution is to be used as often as we see not enough in one word evidently to signifie the dignity or magnitude of the thing mentioned This figure and Palalogia which signifies Repetition of the same word are alike and serves to amplifie and to excite vehement affection and passion when from one thing many wayes expressed we fasten many stings as it were in the minde of the hearer Verba Synonymia addit rem significantia eandem Enses gladii Superatne vescitur aura Aetherea nec adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris Prostavit perculit affixit Abiit excessit evasit erupit English Examples of a Synonymie Wisdom in the poor man lyes as a thing despised rejected oppressed buryed and utterly extinct Is it not a certain mark and token of intolerable arrogancy and venemous envy where the tongue is still exercised in depraving slandering defacing deriding and condemning of other mens words and works Who more worthy of renown honour and same then Caesar who more worthily esteemed beloved reverenced and honoured then noble Cesar who amongst men was his equal in knowledge understanding policie and wisdom what was he that might be compared to him either in courage of heart in fortitude of minde or magnanimity of nature Thus to describe a beautiful woman may be said She hath a most winning countenance a most pleasant eye a most amiable presence a chearful aspect she is a most delicate object c. Your beauty sweet Lady hath conquered my reason subdued my will mastered my judgment Scriptural Examples of a Synonymie Isa. 19.8 The fishers also shall mourn and all they that cast angle into the brooks shall lament c. Psal. 18.13 The Lord also thundred in the heavens and the Highest gave his voyce c. Here the first sentence is repeated by the latter but yet with other words of the same signification for in the former is the Lord in the latter the Highest in the former thundred in the latter gave his voyce Psal. 18.2 The Lord is my rock and my fortresse and my deliverer my God my strength in whom I will trust my buckler and the horn of my salvation and my high Tower Prov. 1.20 Wisdom cryeth without she uttereth her voice in the streets Prov. 2.2 So that thou encline thine ear unto wisdom and apply thy heart to understanding yea if thou cryest after knowledge and liftest up thy voyce for understanding c. Prov. 4.14 15. Enter not into the path of the wicked and goe not in the way of the ungodly avoid it passe not by it turn from it and pass away Prov. 9.10 The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom and the knowledge of the Holy is understanding Prov. 30.14 The poor from off the earth and the needy from among men See Prov. 5.10 13.2.11 21. Psal. 74.2 7 18. Prov. 16.18 23. Prov. 6.4.8.34 Isa. 14.25 c. HIRMOS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nexus series a bond or knot or an heaping up of many things of different kinds derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 heiro necto copulo to knit or couple together A figure whereby a sudden entrance is made into a confused heap of matter or when that which might have been spoken in one word is for plainnesse and evidence sake mustered together or rehearsed through many species or forms Diversas specie res multas congerit Hirmos Grammaticus Rhetor Geometres pictor aliptes Augur Schoenobates Medicus Magus omnia novit English Examples of Hirmos All men exclaim upon these exactions Nobles Gentry Commonalty Poor Rich Merchants Peasants young old high low and all cry out upon the hard impositions of these butthens Loves companions be unquietnesse longings fond comforts faint discomforts hopes jealousies rages carelesnesse carefulnesse yieldings c. Scriptural Examples Isa. 3.16 Because the daughters of Sion are haughty and walk with stâ—etched-out necks and with wandering eyes walking and mincing as they goe and making a tinckling with their feet Isa. 1.11 What have I to do with the multitude of your sacrifices saith the Lord I am full of the burnt offerings of rams and of the fat of fed beasts and I desire not the blood of bullocks nor of lambs nor of goats c. See Isa. 1.12 13 14. Rom. 1.29 30. Gal. 5.19 20 21 22 c. APOPHASIS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 negatio a denying derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 phao dico to speak and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 apo which sometimes signifies a denying or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 apophemi nego to deny It is a kind of an Irony whereby we deny that we say or doe that which we especially say or doe Non dico Apophasis Nec ea dico quae si dicam tamen infirmare non possis Nil dico Quid memorem efferam repetam c. English Examples I say nothing Neither will I mention those things which if I should you notwithstanding could neither confute nor speak against them For that this figure and the next differ only in the manneâ— of speaking take the Scriptural Examples of both together PARALIPSIS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 paraleipsis praeteritio an over-passing derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 paraleipo praetermitto omitto to pretermit or leave out Preterition is a kind of an Irony and is when you say you let passe that which notwithstanding you
capacity or understanding induces or leads into a figure and by an apt limilitude agrees with some other clear sense or signification of Scripture A Figure is twofold viz. 1. Figura dictionis 2. Figura sententiae 1. A garnishing of speech in words 2. A garnishing of the frame of speech in a sentence Whereof the former belongs to the matter and as it were to the body of speech but the latter to the form and as it were to the soul that is to the sentence The garnishing of speech in words is where the elegancy lies in the placing of one word as While the minde is inslaved to vanity vanity will sowre the Conversation A figure of a word is twofold viz. 1. In the Dimension or measuring of sounds or words 2. In the Repetition of sounds or words A figure in Dimension is that sweet and pleasant number of sounds or words in a sentence The Figure Metaplasmus Transformation and all its kindes being largely described hereafter are figures in Dimension of this there are four kindes viz. In striking out two viz. Synaloepha a mingling of vowels Ecthlipsis a striking out of vowels In adding to and taking from six Figures viz. Prosthesis apposition Aphaeresis a taking away Epenthesis interposition Syncope contraction Paragoge production Apocope a cutting off In dividing and shortning two viz. Diaeâ—esis division Synerisis a shortning In changing there are five Figures viz. Tmesis section or a dividing Metathesis transposition Antithesis opposition Diastole extension or stretching forth Systole correption or shortning Secondly A Figure of a word in repetition of sounds of words in a sentence If in the same word it is Epizenxis If in diverse it is Anadiplosis If in the beginnings of sentences Anaphora If in the endings it is Epistrophe If in beginnings and endings Symploce If in the begining and end of a sentence Epanalepsis If repeated backward Epanados If a little unlike and of divers originals and descents it is Paronomasia And if of the same original it is Polyptoton See the Table for each Figure There are likewise other figures of a word viz. Climax Antanaclasis Antithesis Ploee Paregmenon Syroeceiosis Oxymoron Synthesis Hendiadys Hypallage Hyperbaton Ellipsis Pleonasmus Asyndeton Polysyndeton Hysterologia Zeugma Hellenismus Antiptosis Secondly Garnishing of the frame of speech in a sentence called Figura Sententiae is a figure which for the forcible moving of affections doth after a sort beautifie the sense and very meaning if a sentence because it carries with it a certain manly majesty which far surpasses the soft delicacy of the former Figures they being as it were effeminate and musical these virile and majestical It is when the ornament lies in the whole sentence or where the elegancy is diffused through the structure of one or more sentences as Isa. 1.2 Hear Oh heavens hearken oh earth I have nourished and brought up children and they have rebelled against me The Figures of a Sentence are called pathetical or such as move affection and passion and are these viz. Ecphonesis Epiphonema Parrhesia Epanorthosis Aposiopesis Apostrophe Periphrasis Diatyposis Horismos Paradiastole Parechesis Erotesis Parenthesis Parathesis Synonymia Hytotyposis Metabasis A Figure of a sentence is ether in thought and musing by the Greeks called in Logismo or in questioning and answering called in Dialogismo Figures of a sentence in Logismo are Apostrophe and Prosopoeopia Logismus is when a sentence is made or fashioned without conference Those are figures in Dialogismo or in questioning and answering when a sentence is made or fashioned in conference which consists in question and answer Of which kinds are Aporia Anacoenosis Prolepsis Hypophora Epitrope Synchoresis Tropes and Figures say the learned are the vertues of speech and style as Barbarisms and Solecisms are the vices There is no other Trope more frequent excellent and beautiful than a Methapor because that which is the light and star of speech and tends to richnesse majesty perspicuity and pleasantnesse is a similitude brief and contracted into one word I shall therefore according to the learned Farnaby begin with a Methapor MEtaphora gr 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Translatio translation or a removing over derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 metapherò transfero to translate It is the artificial Translation of a word from the proper signification to another not proper but yet nigh and alike Or it is a Translation of words from one species tâ— another Oâ— the friendly borrowing of a word to expresse a thing with more light and better note though not so directly and properly as the natural name of the things meant would signifie It is a Trope when we expresse our selves by a word of a like signification to that which we mean or when the property of one thing is translated to another as Gen. 6.6 God is said to râ—pent where the property of man is translated to the omnipotent and omniscient God A Metaphor is pleasant for that is enriches our knowledge with two things at once with the Truth and a similitude And there is nothing in the whole universe from whence the simile may not be taken Dat propriae similem translata Methapora vocem Laeta seges Gemmant vites Duo fulmina belli Iugenii flumen Mens ferrea Classis habenas Princeps caput Reipublicae Virgilius Poetarum sol Invidiae flamma Fulmen orationis Flos nobilitatis Expolire orationem Amicitiam dissuere Si sic loqui liceat Si verbis audacia detur Vivis coloribus virum depinxi Two necessary Rules to be observed viz. 1. A Metaphor ought not to be so far fetcht as that the similitude may not easily appear 2. It ought to be drawn from the noblest things as the Poets do that choose rather to say rosie-fingerd then red-finger'd Aurora as appears by the first English Example where 't is thought unfit to stoop to any Metaphor lower then the Heaven English Examples of a Metaphor The skie of your vertue overcast with sorrow You are the most excellent star that shines in the bright Element of beauty The wounds of grief flowers of Oratory Drops of dew are pearls Flowers in medows are stars The murmuring of the waters is musick To divorce the fair marriage of the head and body where besides the cutting off of the head we understand the conjunction of the head and body to resemble marriage To keep love close prisoner which is to conceal love There came through Cheapside a whole fleet of Coaches for a great number Scriptural Examples 1 King 10.4 The Queen of Sheba saw the wisdome of Solomon here saw Metaphoricically signifies proved and understood Hagg. 1.9 You looked for much and lo it came to little here to look for signifieth to hope for Jer. 8.15 The neighing of horses is heard from Dan that is foreseen by the Prophet Eccles. 1.8 The eye is not satisfied with seeing nor the ear filled with hearing we are in
2 King 4.40 There is death in the pot i.e. some deadly thing which causeâ—h death Mark 9.17 25. A dumb and deaf spirit i.e. making the possessed dumb and deaf See Rom. 7.7 Heb. 11.39 Joh. 3.19 17.3 3. A Metonymie of the subject is when the subject or that to which any thing belongs is put for the Adjunct or that which belongs thereunto And it is made these nine waies viz. 1. When the Subject is put for the Accident inherent As a Curii victory Curius being the name of a certain victorious Captain 2. When the container is put for the thing contained as b Paterae pro potu in eis contento Crumena pro nummis Animosum pectus pro corde English Examples The Cup for the wine contained in it The Purse for the money therein c. Scriptural Examples Mat. 26.27 Luk. 22.20 By the Cup is signified the wine contained therein See Jer. 49.12 c. 3. When the Place is put for the inhabitants of the same or for the things it containeth as c Germania pro Germanis Vrbs pro Civibus Carcer pro vinctis Anglia pro Anglis English Examples The City met the General for the Citizens c. It is difficult to overcome Italy by war or Greece by learning meaning the Italians and Grecians We are to war against Spain i. e. against the Spaniards Scriptural Examples Luk. 13.14 Oh Jerusalem Jerusalem which killest the Prophets c. by Jerusalem is meant the Rulers and people of that city Deut. 4.26 I call heaven and earth to record here by heaven and earth Moses underderstands all in heaven and earth Gen. 39.4 He made him Ruler of his house i. e. of all his servants treasurers and goods in the house Mat. 10.15 It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah Mark 1.33 And the whole City was gathered together at the door i. e. the inhabitants of the City See Luk. 19.9 Acts 26.31 Mat. 16.18 4. When the place is put for the actions properly done in the place as d Restrum pro sermone Academia aut Scholae pro doctrina Sylve pro venandi studio English Examples The Hall is done i. e. the Action of that court of judicature Thus an Academy or School is put for learning Scriptural Examples Psal. 68.29 Because of thy Temple at Jerusalem here by Temple is understood the holy excercises and divine worship used in the Temple 5. When the possessor is put for the thing possessed as e Vcalegon a noble sage of Troy whose name is here put for nobility and sagacity Sic dicitur hominem dâ—vâ—rari cujus patrimonium devoratur Apud me i. e. domi meae English Examples Hereby lands houses and ships are often called by the owners names Thus With me is usually to be understood at my house So we say of some Guardians They have devoured the Orphans intimating the orphans patrimony Scriptural Examples Joel 3.20 Judah shall be inhabited for ever here Judah the son of Jacob is put for the land of Jewry which was promised to his posterity and by them possessed Gen. 15.3 A servant with me that is in my house Gen. 18.3 Depart not I pray thee from thy servant i e. depart not from my tent 6. When the seat or place is put for the quality inherent to the same as f Cor os Cor pro prudentiâ quae sedem habet in corde unde prudentes Cordati dicuntur os pro pudâ—â—e qui se ore i. e. vulâ—u prodit Aut aliquando cor fortitudinem significat Non tibi plus cordis sed minus oris inest English Examples Thus the heart is put for wisdome because wisdome hath its seat there And sometimes also the heart is put for courage and fortitude by this Trope Scriptural Examples Jer. 17.9 The heart is deceitfull c. the heart being the seat or place where the soul keeps it chief residence is here and elsewhere put for the will affections and whole soul as the qualities inherent thereunto Prov. 6.32 Whose committeth adultery with a woman wanteth a heart where by the want of an heart is understood foolishnesse See Prov. 2.10 7. When the Advocate or Counsellor who personates his Client is put for him whom he personates and represents as g Patronus procliente The Cause will go against the Attorny General intimating against his Client whom he represents 8. When the time it self is put for the things usually done in time as h Nox pro somno Aestas pro messe English Examples The night is frequently put for sleep and summer for Harvest The dayes thought is the nights dream The mornings view corrects the evenings work In the two last examples the day and the night the morning and evening do signifie the actions and accidents in them Scriptural Examples Job 32.7 I said dayes should speak and multitude of years should teach wisdome i.e. the aged who have seen many dayes 1 Chro. 12.32 And of the children of Issachar which were men that had understanding of the times 1 Cor. 4.3 Mans day for mans Judgement See Esth. 1.13 Joh. 12.27 Or contrarywise when the things which are done in time are put for the time it self as Messis pro aestate Calor pro aestate Frigus pro hyeme Ante focum si frigus erit si Messis in umbrâ English Examples By this Metonymie the Harvest is put for Summer Cold for Winter and Sleep for the Night Scriptural Examples Exod. 23.10 Six years thou shalt sow thy land and gather the fruits thereof See Isa. 17.5 Exod. 23.10 Deut. 24.19 9. When the name of the thing signified is put for the sign as i Amaryllis pro carmine de eadem Jupiter Apollo Aencas for the statutes or pictures of Apollo c. Scriptural Examples Thus in Gen. 17.10 Circumcision is called the Covenant when 't was only a Seal of the Covenant and of the righteouâ—nesse of faith as appears in Rom. 4.11 So in Exod. 12.11 The Paschal Lamb is called the Lords Passeover Mat. 26.26 28. Bâ—ead and wâ—ne are said to be Christs body and blood of which they are only but signes Thus in Luk. 22.20 This is the new Testament in my blood i. e. a sign or seal of the New Testament in my blood So in Titus 3.5 Baptism is called the new birth 4. A Metonymie of the Adjunct is when the Adjunct or that which belongs to any thing is put for the subject or thing to which it belongs or is adjoyned as Gen. 31.53 Jacob sware by the fear of his father Isaac i. e. by God whom Isaac feared 2. King 20.1 Set thy house in order i.e. thy houshold affairs Thus the Captain General is often put for his Army as Hannibal was slain by Scipio here Hannabal is put for his Army which he had â—ed against the Romans and Scipio for the Romans who obtained the victory 1 Sam. 18.7 Saul hath slain his thousands c. So in Act. 9 5. Christ is put for his members Psal. 85.11
SYnecdoche es f. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Comprehensio Comprehenâ—â—on derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 synecdechomaâ— Comprehendo aut una excipio seu recipio to comprehen or take together It is a Trope or a form of speech whereby the more compâ—ehensive woâ—ds are put for the lesse comprehenâ—ive and contrarily or when a part is understood by the whole or the whole by a part the general by the special and contrarily or it is an exchange of the name of the part for the whole or of the name of the whole for the pâ—rt This figurative Exornation gives a grace unto speeâ—h which otherwise it would want enforcing the understanding of the hearers to a deeper consideration of the sense and meaning and is chiefly fourfold viz. 1. Synecdoche Speciei 2. Synecdoche Membri aut partis 3. Synâ—cdoche Generis 4. Synecdoche Totius Confundit totum cum parte Synecdoche Partis a Myrtoum auster b hyems mucro c Annibal d Anglus 2. Totius e Orator color f Annus g Vixit h Atrides 1 Synecdoche Speciei is when the special or a particular sort implies a moâ—e general as a Myrtoum pro mari the Mâ—rtean seâ— for the whole sea indefinitely Auster pro vento indefinite Aristides pro justo Moecenas pro Patrono Croesus pro divite Thraso pro glorioso Hostes tela parant i. e. arma Ecce Aristidem i. e. justum Sic infinitum numerum dicimus pro magno Sexcenta licet ejusmodi proferre sexcenta i. e. p'urima English Examples Caesar for the King Aristides for a just man Craesus for a rich man Auster for the wind It is not my sword that can help me where by Sword is understood all kinde of weapons and manners of defence Scriptural Examples Psal. 22.4 Our father 's trusted in thee c i. e. our Ancestors where fathers the more special name is put for ancestors the more general Psal. 44.6 I will not trust in my bow neither shall my sword save me And in 46.9 He breaks the bow and cuts the spear in sunder c. Where by bow sword and spear are understood all weapons of war See 2 Sam. 8.18 Mat. 22.21 Isa. 63.16 Thus a certain number is put for an uncertain as Zech. 3.9 Christ is said to have seven eyes i. e. many to signifie his perfect and singular care of his Church The like in Deut. 28 7. Psal. 105.8 He hath remembred his Covenant for ever the word which he commanded to a thousand generations where a great or infinite number is put for an indefinite number or such a number as is not determined Psal. 119.64 The righteous mâ—n falls seven times a day that is often So in Prov. 24.16 Thus the word Many is taken for all as Dan. 12.11 And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake Now that this word many signifies all the Holy Ghost bears witnesse in Joh. 5.28 All that are in the grave shall hear his voice 2. Synecdoche partis or a Synecdoche of the part that is when a part is put for the whole as b Hyems a storm of rain or hail for winter Tectum pro domo Mucro pro gladio c Annibal pro exercitu cujus Dux erat velut pars primaria d Anglus pro Anglis * Hostis habet muros ruit alto á Culmine Troja pro Hostes. English Examples My name is tossed and censured by many tongues i. e. by many men where the part of an intire body is put for the whole Thus the roof of the house is put for the whole house the edge of the sword for the sword and the soul for the whole man Scriptural Examples Gen. 12.15 Then Abraham took Sahah his wife and the souls c. for the men and women that were his Servants The like see in Rom. 13.1 Rom. 12.1 Present your bodies a living sacrifice i. e. the whole man In Prov. 1.16 6.18 Their feet run to evill where by feet of men the men of such conversation are understood Mat. 8.8 I am not worthy that thou shouldst come under my â—oof where the roof signifies the house In Isa. 7.2 5 89 9.9 The Tribe of Ephraim is put for the whole people of Israel See Prov. 3.22 10.14 11.26 The hand is put for the whole man c. Thus the singular number is put for the plural as d Anglus pro Anglis The Roman was victor in battail intimating the Army of the Romans The English man overcame the Hollander Scriptural Examples Isa. 1.3 The Oxe knoweth his owner and the Asse his Masters crib c. for Oxen and Asses Jer 8.7 The Stork in the heaven knoweth her appointed time for the Stoâ—ks know their appointed time Rom. 3.28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith c. for men are justified by faith Job 14.1 Man that is born of a woman i. e. men that are born of women c. Synedoche Generis is when a general word comprehends the particular or when the more general name is put for the more special as e Orator pro Demosthene aut Tullio Color pro forma g Vixit pro mortuus est h Atrides i. e. Agamemnon quippe qui in expeditione Trojana rex regum diceretur Virtus pro fortitudine Poeta pro Homero aut Virgilio English Examples Put up your weapon for your dagger He lived in such a Century i. e. he is now dead Thus living Creatures are put for beasts The Poet i. e. Homer or Virgil. Scriptural Examples Mark 16.15 Preach the Gospel to every creature signifying to all men and not to any other creature Gen. 6.12 All flesh had corrupted his way i. e. all men Mat. 2.18 Rachel weeping for her children would not be comforted because they are not for lived not Judges 19.3 Spake to her heart that is comforted her Exod. 30.34 All sweet smelling spices are put for spikenard See 1 Sam. 13.13 1 King 2.4 Synecdoche totius A Synecdoche of the whole is when the whole is put for the part as f Annus pro tempore praesenti Elephantus pro dentibus Sylvae pro arboribus Pontus pro fluctu Nos pro ego Pabula gustassent Troje Xanthumque bibissent i. e. partem pabuli partem Xanthi flavii English Examples An Army so great as drank rivers dry meaning a great part of the water in the rivers He carries a Goldsmiths shop on his fingers for Rings He fell into the water and swallowed the Thames for the water Scriptural Examples 1 Sam. 5.3 Behold Dagon was fallen upon his face to the ground though the same verse declares that before its fall the head of Dagon and both the palmes of his hands were cut off upon the threshold c. See Gen. 8.13 The world is put for the earth in 2 Pet. 3.6 The man is put for the soul as in Luk. 16.23 23 43. So in Gen. 3.19 Till thou return to the ground where the man is put for
Metaphor signifie the Greek Letters Nilotis Quill fram'd Greek letters for Nilotis Pen c. by a Metonymie of the Matter Nilus is the name of a River in Egypt by the side whereof Reeds grow which are here called Nilotis Quill by a Catachrestical Metaphor also Sepia a fish whose blood is as black as ink also black liquor c. here put for ink by Synecdoche Speceii or a Metaphor Cnidus a City where Venus the Goddess of Love was worshipped here put for Venus by Antonomasia or Synecdoche Generis and Venus for Love by a Metonymie of the Efficient Mitto tibi Lunam Solem simul canis iram Quae reddas à te dulcis amice precor id est ex Corde te saluto Auri b Sacra c fames mortalia d pector a perdit a Aurum pro aureis nummis per Metonymiam Materiae b Sacrum pro exsecrando per Ironiam seu Antiphrasin c Fames pro desiderio per Metaphoram d Pectus pro homine per Synecdochen partis Quid hoc esse censes Non ego de toto mihi corpore vendico vires At Capitis pugnâ nulli certare recuso Grande mihi Caput est totum quoque pondus in ipso Malleus est Fabrilis Dic quibus in terris eris mihi magnus Apollo Tres pateat Coeli spacium non amplius ulnas Quid hoc esse existimas Sum nondum dira confectus morte sepultus Haud urnâ haud saxum non humus ulla tegit Et loquor supio vitalibus abdicor auris Meque capit vivus mâ—que vehit tumulus Hic modus nihil nobis facesset negotii amplius si Jonae historiam diligenter excusserimus cum hoc Aenigmate contulerimus Is enim ex ventre Orcae piscis seu ut ipse existimavit ex medio Orci hoc sibi epitaphium vere ponere potuisset English Examples of Aenigma I consume my mother that bare me I eat up my nurse that fed me then I die leaving them all blind that saw me This is meant of the flame of a Candle which when it hath consumed both wax and wicke goes out leaving them in the dark that saw by it Ten thousand children beautiful of this my body bred Both sons and daughters finely deckt I live and they are dead My sons were put to extreme death by such as lov'd them well My daughters dy'd in extreme age but where I cannot tell By the Mother understand a Tree by the sons and daughters understand the fruit and leaves by the sons being put to death by such as loved them well understand those that gathered and eat the fruit by the daughters death in age understand the leaves falling off by the returning of the sap to the Root in Autumn c. Anatomie of wonders great I speak and yet am dead Men suck sweet juyce from these black veins which Mother Wisdome bread By Anatomie of wonders c. understand a book by the sweet juice instruction and by the black veins the letters and lines in the book An Arithmetical Aenigma Suppose 30 Malefactors viz. 15 English men and 15 Turks are adjudged to be executed for Piracie and that the Sheriff hath after this sentence power given him to save one half of these Malefactors but must execute every ninth man I demand how he may place them in such order and rank as that he may execute all the Turks and 〈◊〉 â—erve the English men Let him place them by this verse following and for that he would save the English let him begin with them for that o is the first vowel mentioned here let him place or ranck four of the English men it being the fourth vowel c. Let o signifie the English man and 1 the Turk Populeam Virgam mater Regina tenebat 45.2.1 3. 1. 1.2 2.3.1 2 2.1 But if the Sheriff had been to have executed every tenth man He should place them by this verse Rex Paphi cum Gente bona dat signa Serena 2. 1. 3. 5. 2.2.4.1 1. 3. 1. 2.2.1 But if the Sheriff were to execute every 2.3 or any number of the men between two and sixteen I shall since Art is silent herein insert a Mechanical way for the ready performing the same and shall give one President which followed mutatis mutandis will lead to the accomplishment of your desire in any the rest of these questions viz. Suppose the Sheriff had been to have executed every fifth man first represent the 30 Malefactors by 30 ciphers or what characters you please then cancel with your pen every fifth of them till you have cancelled half of them then have you the direct order of placing the men before your eye for the ciphers or characters câ—ncelled represent the Turks to be executed and the other uncancelled those that are to escape Scriptural Examples of Aenigma Gen. 40. 41. chap. The dreams and visions there of Pharaohs chief Butler and chief Baker as likewise Pharaohs own dreams were Aenigmatical The significations whereof were expounded by the Spirit of wisdome and Revelation in Joseph as appears by Gen. 40.12 13.18 19. Gen. 41.26 27. c. Dan. 4.10 11. c. We have Nebuchadnizzars vision which is also Aenigmatical Thus were the visions of mine head in my bed I saw and behold a Tree in the midst of the earth and the height thereof was great the tree grew and was strong and the height thereof reached unto heaven and the sight thereof to the ends of the earth the leaves thereof were fair and the fruit thereof much and it was meat for all the beasts of the field had shadow under it and the sowls of the heaven dwelt in the boughs thereof c. which Daniel by the Spirit of the Lord opens in the same chapter In Judg. 14.14 we have Sampsons Riddle Out of the eater came forth meat and out of the strong sweetnesse Isa. 11.1 2. And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse and a branch shall grow out of his roots and the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him the Spirit of wisdom and might c. See Ezek 17.2 26. chap. of the Proverbs and divers other chapters in that Book you shall find divers riddles and dark sayings and the same opened and explained in the demonstration of the same Spirit of wisdome they were proposed Figures of a word see pag. 5. 6. EPizeuxis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Adjunctio a joyning together of the same word or sound derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 epizeugnumi conjungo to joyn together Epizeuxis is a figure of a word whereby a word is geminated and repeated by way of Emphasis and usually without interposition of any other word or it is the repetition of the same word or sound likewise when one or more words intervene by Parenthesis This figure serves to the Emphatical setting forth of the vehemency of the affections and passions of the mind
Adverb of crying out as Oh alas behold which are the signs of this figure Concitat Ecphonesis Exclamatio mentem Heu pietas ô spes falsas proh vana voluptas O clementiam admirabilem O scelus ô pestis ô labes ò libidinem effraenatam atque indomitam O utinam tunc cum Lacedaemona classe petîsset Obrutus insanis esset adulter aquis English Examples Thus Pyrocles seeing the milde Philoclea innocently beheaded bursts forth into this exclamation O Tyrant heaven and Traytor earth how is this done How is this suffered Hath this world a government Alas what delights and how great enjoyments hath one day deprived thee of Ah poor confidence oh glorious triumphs over unarmed captives Oh admirable clemency and mercy Oh most wicked presumption from whence art thou sprung up to cover the earth with falshood and deceit Scriptural Examples of Ecphonesis This figure is made in Scripture these ten wayes viz. 1. In way of Admiration as Rom. 11.33 Oh the depths of the riches both of the wisdome and knowledge of God! c. Psal. 8.1 O Lord how excellent is thy Name 144.15 O happy people that are in such a case c. 2. In way of Indignationâ— as Acts 13.10 O full of all subtilty and mischief thou childe of the devil thou enemy of all righteousnesse c. 3. In way of Detestation and abhorrencie as Rom. 7.24 O wretched man that I am who shall deliver me from the body of this death Jer. 44.4 O doe not this abominable thing that I hate c. 4. In the way of entreaty or wishing as Psal. 14.17 O that the salvation of Israel were come out of Sion Isa. 64.1 O that thou wouldst rent the heavens c. see 1 Chron. 11.17 Job 6.8 O that I might have my request and that God would grant me the thing I long for Psal. 55.6 O that I had the wings of a Dove that I might flie and be at rest See Gen. 17.18 Deut. 5.29 5. In way of Commiseration and Lamentation as Luke 13.34 O Jerusalem Jerusalem which killest the Prophets c. how often would I have gathered thy children together c. Lam. 1.1 How is the golden City spoiled how doth the City sit solitary that was full of people c. how is she become as a widow 6. In way of Reprehension as Gal. 3.1 O foolish Galatians who hath bewitched you c. See in Acts 7.51 52 c. 7. In way of Derision as Mark 15.29 And they that passed by our Saviour rayled on him wagging their heads and saying Ah thou that destroyest the Temple and buildest it in three dayes 8. In way of Love as Psal. 84.1 O how amiable are thy Tabernacles thou Lord of Hosts 9. In way of exultation and triumph as 1 Cor. 15.55 Oh death where is thy sting oh grave where is thy victory 10. In way of Fear as 1 Tim. 6.11 But thou O man of God flee these things and follow after righteousnesse c. EPIPHONEMA 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acclamatio Acclamation or a shooting out of the voyce derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 epiphoneo acclamo to cry out or shoot forth the voice It is an applause of a thing approved or a sententioâ—s â—lause of a discourse and serves for Amplification when after a great crime or desert exclaimed upon or extolled it gives a moral note worthy of credit and observation Acclamation is a figure when after a thing is done or declared a clause or paâ—t of a sentence is added briefly purporting some Emphasis and the speakers censure of the thing so done or declared Narratae subit rei Epiphonema probatae Acclamation is brought in with these words viz. Sic ita adeo ut quippe tantus quantus talis qualis ecce videamus ergo c. ut Tant molis erat Romanam condere gentem Quam ut adipiscantur omnes optant eandem accusant adepti Tanta est stultitia et perversitas Cic. de Senect Tantum religio potuit suadere malorum Lucr. 1. Adeo à te teneris assuescere multum est Jam indicant tot hominum fletus quam sis charus tuis adeo ut omnes videant quam misere insaniunt qui opes virtuti praeferunt English Examples of Acclamation Thus after the relation of Scipio Affricanus's course who having been Generalissimo of the greatest Armies in the world having for a long time had Kings sâ—itors for his favour and to the day of his death Nations kept in aw of 〈◊〉 name yet in 56 years neither bought nor sold goods nor lands nor built any house or Castle of his own left not above 46 l. in gold and 6 l. in silver behind him at his death It may be folded up in this Acclamation So little need hath he to stoop to private cares that thrives upon publique victories and so small leisure has he to be desirous of riches that hath been so long possest and satisfied with honour which our Ancestors reputed the immortal end of mortal actions So inconstant is the favour of Princes Thus dangerous is the satisfaction of a sensual appetite So hard is it to escape the force of temptations So weighty a matter it was to set up the Roman Nation Scriptural Examples of Acclamation Thus in Matth. 22. in the beginning of the Chapter after the relation of the Parable of the Kings sons marriage and of the man who for that he had nor on a wedding garment was cast into outer darkness c. you finde this acclamation elegantly added at the end of that discourse as In the 14 verse For many are called but few are chosen So the Psalmograph having in the former part of the 2. Psalm spoken of the terrors of Gods indignation when his wrath is kindled against his Adversaries we find this acclamation In the last verse Blessed are all they that put their trust in him Thus also he having in the 72. Psalm highly set forth the glorious excellency of the name of God shuts up his praise with this Acclamation In the last verse Blessed be his glorious name for ever and let the whole earth be filled with his glory Luk. 10.30 see Act. 19 20. Matth. 19.27 Mark 7.37 EPANORTHOSIS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Correctio emendatio Correction or amending derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 epanorthoâ— Corrigo to correct or amend Correction having used a word of sufficient force yet pretending a greater strength of meaning refuses it and supplyes the place with one of more extension It is the reinforcement of the clause last uttered by the subsequent A figure when in our speech something that went before is called back and corrected whereof there are two kinds the one is when a word is corrected after the other when a word is corrected before it is spoken This Exornation is made four ways viz. 1. By degrees of comparison 2. By comparison of the greater and lesser 3. By doubting 4. By the signs
c. Isa. 5.3 4. Now therefore oh Inhabitants of Jerusalem and men of Judah judge I pray you between me and my Vineyard What could I have done any more to my Vineyard that I have not done unto it c. Jer. 23.23 Am I a God at hand am I not also a God a far off See Luke 11.19 1 Cor. 4.21 chap. 10.15 16. chap. 11.15 14. Gal. 4.21.3.12 c. PROSOPOPOEIA 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fictio personae the feigning of a person derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 prosopon persona a person and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 poieo facio vel fingo to make or feign Prâ—sopopoeia is the feigning of a person to speak or the attributing of a person to the inanimate creatures as when we bring in persons that are dead or the inanimate creatures speaking or hearing c. A figurative Exornation when in our speech what thing soever which is not a person is Metaphorically brought in and represended as a person or when the properties of man are for similitude and agreeablenesse sake attributed unto other things whence it is said that this form of speech animates and makes dead men speak or it is When in our speech we feign another person speaking By this figure God Angels and men dead or alive the Heavens Earth Sea c. are brought in speaking hearing c. Personam inducit Prosopopoeia loquentem Hósue mihi fructus hunc fertilitatis honorem Officiique refers quod adunci vulnera aratri Rastrorumque fero totoque exerceor anno Sic Aeneae Prosopopoeiam Virgilius Aeneid 2. composuit cum Aeneas sociis cibum vinumque Dividit dictis marentia pectora mulcet O Socii neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum O passi graviora dabit Deus his quoque finem c. Tandem sic Prosopopoeiam claudit Talia voce refert Look that your access to and retreat from this figure be comely lest you seem precipitantly to rush in upon it English Examples of Prosopopoeia Thus Sir Philip Sidney gives sense and speech to the needle and silk in Pamela's hands and life and speech unto Learning and a Lilly yea Death it self is feigned to live and make a speech Thus if an Orator having occasion to commend Truth or any vertue unto his hearers he may after some due praise of it feign it a person and bring it in bitterly complaining how cruelly she is oppressed and how little esteemed how many be her enemies and how few her friends how she wandereth hither and thither without entertainment and remains without habitation c. I see my words will not move you but suppose some of your grave Ancestors should thus speak to you Children can we behold your manners without indignation being full of pride effeminatenesse c. If your Ancestors were now alive and saw you abusing your self in mispending your estate by them providently gathered together and conferred upon you would they not say thus c. Scriptural Examples of Prosopopoeia Josh. 24.27 Behold this stone shall be a witnesse unto us for it hath heard all the words of the Lord which he hath spoken unto us c. Judg. 9.8 Thus Jotham brings in the trees speaking as men The Olive-tree will not leave his fatnesse nor the figtree his sweetnesse nor the vine his wine to reign over others but it is the bramble that affecteth soveraignty and domination a base scratching worthlesse fruitlesse shrub good for nothing but to stop gaps and keep out beasts from spoyling the pleasant fields and afterwards to be burnt 1 Kings 13.2 And he cryed against the Altar in the word of the Lord and said O Altar Altar thus saith the Lord c. Psal. 98.8 Let the floods clap their hands let the hills rejoyce together Thus in Isa. 35.1 2. the Prophet attributes joy and singing to the Wildernesse the Solitary place and the Desert See Psal. 51.8 Psal. 103.1 Psal. 82.1 2. Rom. 8.19 20. Isa. 1.2 Thus in Joel 2. from 1. to the 12. ver you have a most lively Rhetorical Prosopopoeical description of the terrible Army of the Babylonians Prosopopaeia is two-fold Imperfect or Perfect 1. An Imperfect Prosopopaeia is when the speech of another is set down lightly and indirectly as in Ps. 11.1 David brings in the wicked as saying unto his soul Flee as a bird unto your Mountain 2. A Perfect Prosopopoeia is when the whole feigning of the person is set down in our speech with a fit entring into and leaving off of the same Thus in Prov. 8. Wisdom cryeth at the Gates c. Unto you O men I call c. where the entrance is in the beginning of the chapter her speech in the latter part of iâ— APOSTROPHE 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aversio a turning away or dislike derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 apo from and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 strepho verto to turn Apostrophe is a diversion of speech to another person then the speech appointed did intend or require or it is a turning of the speech from one person to another many times abruptly A figure when we break off the course of our speech and speak to some new person present or absent as to the people or witnesses when it was before directed to the Judges or Opponent This Diversion of speech is made these nine wayes viz. 1 To God 2 to Angels 3 to men in their several ranks whether absent or present dead or alive 4 to the adversary 5 to the heavenly bodies and Meteors 6 to the earth and things in it 7 to the Sea and things in it 8 to beasts birds and fishes 9 to inanimate things Sermonem a praesenti avertit Apostrophe et auro Vi potitur Quid non mortalia pectora cogit Auri sacra fames Vos Sanctissimi Angeli testes volo meae innocentiae Quousque tandem Catilina abutere patientiâ nostrâ Vos adeste ciconiae et ingratitudinem hominum redarguite Vos agri vos parietes obtestor an non sudabatis cum tantum nefas hoc loco perpetrabatur Per Apostrophen Poeticam mutando casum Terretur minimo pennae stridore columba Vngnibus accipiter saucia facta tuis English Examples of Apostrophe To the people thus Now let me entreat any man here present that thinks himself not exempted from the like wrong but lyable to the like prejudice to imagine himself in my case and to undertake for my sake some few thoughts of my distress Herein you witnesses are to consult with your own consciences and to enter into a true examination of your own memory Did you mark his speeches did you note his looks Sometimes the occasion is taken from some quality or other thing whereto your self gives shew of life as Hope tell me what ground hast thou to hope for c. Love be ashamed to be called Love Scriptural Examples of Apostrophe The Lord by his Prophet Hosea having long complained of Israel for
armed Sometimes it is made in gender only as Elephantus gravida an Elephant great with young Or for supplements sake as Centauro in magna where the word puppi or ship is understood Sometimes it is made both in gender and number as Pars mersi tenuere ratem Part being drowned held the oar Laudem semper-florentis Homeri Monti-feriens fulmen English Examples of Synthesis The tempest-tossed Seas The earth-incircling Ocean The Green-mantled Earth A Heaven-faln star A Rock-rending whirlwinde Marble-hearted cruelty ANASTROPHE 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 praepostera rerum collocatio a praeposterous placing of words or matter derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 anastrepho retro verto to turn back A figure whereby words which should have been precedent are postpon'd Digna praeire solet postponere Anastrophe verba Transtra per. Italiam contra Maria omnia circum HYPERBATON 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Transgressio Transgression or a passing over derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hyperbaino transgredior to passe over By Rhetoricians it is called a transposed order of words such as the cause and comeliness of speech often requires Hyperbaton is a figure when words are for elegancy and variety transposed from the right order of construction which is the plain Grammatical order into another handsomer and more fit order or When words agreeing in sense are in site or placing disjoyned Est vocum inter se turbatus Hyperbaton ordo Vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes Littore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros Dividit But this figure and Antiptosis are found rather to excuse the license or the error of Authors then to shew that we may doe the like Scriptural Examples of Hyperbaton Ephes. 2.1 And you hath he quickned who were dead in trespasses and sins Ephes. 5.3 But fornication and all uncleannesse or covetousnesse let it not be once named amongst you as becometh Saints Ephes. 1.14 Which is the earnest of our inheritance untill the redemption of the purchachased possession unto the praise of his glory HYPALLAGE 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 immutatio a changing derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hypo in and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 allatto muto to change A figure when the natural order of the words is changed as when two words change their cases or when words are altered among themselves Casu transposito submutat Hypallage verba Impia trabs videt hos ortus dare classibus Austros For dare classes Austris Et gladium vaginâ vacuum in urbe non vidimus For vaginam gladio vacuam Scriptural Examples of Hypallage Job 17.4 Thou hast hid their heart from understanding i. o. thou hast hid understanding from their heart Isa. 5.30 The light shall be darkned in the Heavens thereof i. e. the heavens in the light thereof Psal. 104.4 Who maketh his Angels spirits i. e. the spirits his angels or messengers Heb. 3.13 Through the deceitfulnesse of sin i. e by deceitful sin See Isa. 1 3. Psal. 80.6 Amos 5.16 Pro. 7.22 HYSTEROLOGIA 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dictio praepostera a praeposterous or disorderly speech when that which by order ought to have been spoken first is brought in last It is otherwise called Hysteron Proteron 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 postremum primum the last first derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hysteros postremus the last or hindmost and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 legos verbum a word or speech It is called in the English phrase The Cart before the Horse A figure when in a speech that which in course of nature ought to have preceded is brought in last Hysteron Proteron sive Hysterologia secundo Prima loco ponit Lavindque littora venit Detrudunt naves scopulo nutrit peperitque Valet atque vivit Postquam altos tetigit fluctus ad aequora venit English Examples The ship arrived at the Lavinian shore it came foul of the Rock She nourished and preserved him she brought him forth into the world He is in health and alive Scriptural Examples of Hysterologia The order oâ—â—ime is not alwaies kept in Scripture but sometimes â—hat which was done last is placed first The Saints looked more at the substance then at small circumstances in their writings and therefore the placing of things in Scripture must not be strictly urged for it is usual by this figure or anticipation of time to relate that first which either as to course of nature or as to the time of accomplishment should have had the last place as appears by Joh. 11.2 compared with ch 12. v. 3. Psal. 7.14 He travaileth with iniquity and hath conceived mischief here note that the birth is set before the conception Luke 4.9 The Devils leading up of Christ unto the top of the pinnacle of the Temple is mentioned after his taking him up into the exceeding high Mountain and yet that preceded this as appears by Mat. 4 5 8. See Gen. 11.1.30.22 23. Isa. 38.21 22. SYNCHORESIS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Concessio Concession or granting of an argument derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 synchoreo concedâ— to grant A figure when an argument is Ironically or mockingly yielded unto and then marred with a stinging retort upon the objector This form of speech delights most either when that which we grant is prejudicial to and stings the objector as in controversies it often happens or when the argument granted brings no losse unto him that grants it Sit Sacrilegus sit fur fit flagitiorum omnium vitiorumque princeps at est bonus Imperator Sint Christiani pauperes sint mundo immundo exosi sunt tamen coeli haeredes Cum adversarium pungimus ut Habes igitur Tubero quod est accusatori maximè optandum confitentem se in ea parte fuisse qua te Tuboro quâ virum omni laude dignum patrem tuum Itaque prius de vestro delicto confiteamini necesse est quà m Ligarii ullam culpam reprehendatis English Examples I admit you are resolute I grant your determination is immoveable but it is in things directly repugnant to the grave advice of your knowing friends and in things of a great tendency to your utter undoing They are proud vain disobedient I acknowledge it yet they are our children Scriptural Examples of Synchoresis James 2.19 Thou believest that there is one God thou dost well the Devils also believe and tremble Eccles. 11.9 Thus Solomon also checks the young mans folly Rejoyce O young man in thy youth and let thy heart chear thee c. and walk in the wayes of thy heart c. But know thou c. Here first you have an Ironical concession but after this a stinging but which marâ—s all The like examples you may find in 2 Cor. 4.8 Rom. 11.19 20. 1 Cor. 1.2 11. 2 Cor. 12.16 17. ANTHROPOPATHIA 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 humanus affectus humane affection derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 anthropos homo a man and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉