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A51558 The use of the astronomical playing-cards teaching any ordinary capacity by them to be acquainted with all the stars in heaven, to know their place in heaven, colour, nature, and bigness. As also the poetical reasons for every constellation, very useful, and pleasant, and delightful for all lovers of ingeniety. By Joseph Moxon hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majesty. Moxon, Joseph.; Hood, Thomas, fl. 1582-1598. aut 1692 (1692) Wing M3027A; ESTC N66308 31,031 62

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18. EQVICVLUS is the little Horse and it consisteth of 4 Stars This Constellation is named almost of no Writer saving Ptolomeus and Alphonsus who followed Ptolemy and therefore no certain Tale or History is delivered thereof by what means he came into Heaven 19. EQUUS ALATUS the Winged Horse or Pegasus it containeth 20 Stars This Horse was bred of the blood of Medusa after that Perseus had cut off her head and was afterwards taken and tamed by Bellerophon whiles he drank of the River Pirene by Corinth and was used by him in the conquest of Chimera after which exploit Bellerophon being weary of the earthly affairs endeavoured to fly up into Heaven But being amazed in his flight by looking down to the earth he fell from his Horse Pegasus notwithstanding continuing his course as they feign entred into Heaven and there obtained a place among the other Constellations 20. ANDROMEDA She consteth of 23 Stars but one of them is common both unto her and Pegasus This was the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia and the Wife of Perseus the reason why Minerva or Jupiter placed her in the Heavens is before expressed Novidius referreth this Constellation unto Alexandria the Virgin whom S. George through the good help of his Horse delivered from the Dragon 21. TRIANGULUM the Triangle called also Deltoton because it is like the fourth Letter of the Greek Alphabet Δ which they call Delta it consisteth of four stars They say it was placed in Heaven by Mercury that thereby the head of the Ram might be the better known Others say that it was placed there in honour of the Geometricians among whom the Triangle is of no small importance Others affirm that Ceres in times past requested Jupiter that there might be placed in Heaven some Figure representing the form of Sicily an Island greatly beloved of Ceres for the fruitfulness thereof now this Island being triangular at her request was represented in the Heaven under that form Thus much concerning the Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere Now follow the Poetical Stories of the Constellations of the Southern Hemisphere Secondly Of the Southern Constellations 1 CETUS the Whale it is also called the Lyon or Bear of the Sea This is that monstrous Fish that should have devoured Andromeda but being overcome by Perseus was afterwards translated into Heaven by Jupiter as well for a token of Perseus his manhood as for the bigness of the Fish it self This Constellation consisteth of 22 Stars 2. ORION this hath 38 Stars The Poetical reason of his translation into the Heavens shall be shewn in the Scorpion amongst the Zodiacal Constellations The Ancient Romans called this Constellation Jugala because it is most pestiferous unto Cattel and as it were the very cut-throat of them There are bright Stars in his girdle which we commonly call our Ladies yard or wand Novidius applying this sword of Orion unto Scripture will have it to be the Sword of Saul afterwards called Paul wherewith he persecuted the Members of Christ which after his Conversion was placed in Heaven In his left shoulder there is a very bright Star which in Latine is called Bellatrix the Warriour in the Faeminine Gender I cannot find the reason except it be this that Women born under this Constellation shall have mighty tongues the reason of the Ox hide which he hath in his hand may be Gathered out of the next story 3. FLUVIUS the River it comprehendeth 34 Stars It is called by some Eridanus or Pagus they say that it was placed in Heaven in remembrance of Phaeton who having set the whole Earth on fire by reason of misguiding his Father Phoebus his Chariot was slain by Jupiter with a thunder-bolt and tumbling down from Heaven fell into the River Eridanus or Padus which the Italians call Po. Others say that it is Nilus and that that figure was placed in Heaven because of the excellency of that River which by the Divines is called Gihon and is one of the Rivers of Paradice Others call it Flumen Orionis the flood of Orion and say that it was placed there to betoken the off-spring from whence Orion came for the tale is thus reported of him Jupiter Neptune and Mercury travelling upon the Earth in the likness of Men were requested by Hyerus to take a poor lodging at his house for a Night they being overtaken with the evening yeilded unto his request Hyreus made them good cheer killing an Ox for their better entertainment The Gods seeing the good heart of the old man willed him to demand what he would in recompence of his so friendly cheer Hyerus and his Wife being old requested the Gods to gratify them with a Son They to fulfil his desire called for the hide of the Ox that was slain and having received it they put it into the Earth and made water into it all three together and covering it willed Hyreus within ten months after to dig it out of the Earth again which he did and found therein a Man-child whom he called Ourion ab Urania of piss although afterwards by leaving out the second letter he was named Orion At such time therefore as he was placed in Heaven this flood was joyned hard to his heels and the Ox hide wherein the Gods did piss was set in the left hand in memorial of his Off-spring 4. LEPUS the Hare which consisteth of 12 Stars This Constellation was placed in Heaven between the legs of Orion to signifie the great delight in hunting which he had in his life time but others think it was a frivolous thing to say that so notable a fellow as Orion would trouble himself with so small and timorous a Beast as the Hare and therefore they tell the tale thus In times past there was not a Hare left in the Isle Leros a certain youth therefore of that Island being very desirous of that kind of beast brought with him from another Country thereabout an Hare great with young which when she had brought forth they in time became so acceptable unto the other Country men that every one almost desired to have and keep a Hare By reason whereof the number of them grew to be so great within a short space after that the whole Island became full of Hares so that their Masters were not able to find them meat whereupon the Hares breaking forth into the fields devoured their Corn. Wherefore the Inhabitants being bitten with hunger joyned together with one consent and though with much adoe destroyed the Hares Jupiter therefore placed this Constellation in the Heavens as well to express the exceeding fearfulness of the Beast as also to teach men this lesson that there is nothing so much to be desired in this life but that at one time or another bringeth with it more grief than pleasure Some say that it was placed in Heaven at the request of Ganimedes who was greatly delighted with hunting the Hare 5. CANIS MAJOR the Great Dog it consisteth of 18
THE USE Of the ASTRONOMICAL Playing-Cards Teaching any Ordinary Capacity by them to be acquainted with all the STARS in HEAVEN To know their Place in Heaven Colour Nature and Bigness As also the Poetical Reasons for every CONSTELLATION Very Useful Pleasant and Delightful for all Lovers of INGENIETY By Joseph Moxon Hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majesty LONDON Printed by J. Moxon and are to be Sold at his Shop at the Sign of the Atlas in Warwick Lane 1692. OF THE Stars in HEAVEN THE Stars are divided into six sorts or sizes called Magnitudes which are you may see distinguisht with six several sizes of Asterisks made like Stars as sēt down in a Table on the Card over Dorado whither I ●efer you Astronomers have computed the sizes of these Stars by comparing them either to the Diameter or ●lse to the whole Globe of the Earth The Diame●…er of the Earth is 6872 of our common Miles viz. ●uch Miles as the whole Circumference of the Earth ●nd Water makes 21600 Miles allowing for every ●egree of the greatest Circle 60 Miles Now the Diameter of a Star of the first Magnitude compared with the Diameter of the Earth hath such proporti●…n to it as 19 hath to 4 therefore it containeth ●he Diameter of the Earth 4 times and ¾ The Diameter of a Star of the second Magnitude ●s unto the Diameter of the Earth as 269 is to 60 ●herefore it containeth it 4 28 90 times The Diameter of a fixed Star of the third Magni●ude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 25 unto 6 ●herefore it containeth it 4 ⅙ times The Diameter of a fixed Star of the fourth mag●itude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 19 unto 〈◊〉 therefore it containeth it 3 ⅘ times The Diameter of a fixed Star of the fifth Magnitude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 119 unto 36 therefore it containeth it 3 11 36 times The Diameter of a fixed Star of the sixth magnitude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 21 unto 8 therefore it containeth it ⅝ times As for the proportions of the cloudy and obscure Stars they are not expressed because they are but few and of no great account in respect of their smalness The proportions of the fixed Stars compared with the Globe of the Earth are as follow A Star of the first Magnitude is to the Globe o● the Earth as 6859 to 64 therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 107 ⅙ times A Star of the second Magnitude is to the Globe o● the Earth as 19465109 is to 216000 therefore i● containeth it 90 ⅛ times A Star of the third Magnitude is to the Globe o● the Earth as 15625 is unto 216 therefore it containeth it 72 ⅓ times A Star of the fourth Magnitude is to the Globe o● the Earth as 6850 is unto 125 therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 54 11 12 times A Star of the fifth Magnitude is to the Globe o● the Earth as 1685159 is unto 46656 therefore i● containeth the Globe of the Earth 36 8 1 times A Star of the sixth Magnitude is to the Globe o● the Earth as 9261 is unto 511 therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 18 1 10 times I confess all this may seem matter of incredulity to those whose understanding is swayed by their visual sence because they cannot perhaps conceive it possible that the Heaven which appears so small to the bare eye should be able to contain so great a number of such great bodies as is here spoken of yet if those be capable to consider the vast distance of this Heaven and consequently of the Stars placed in it from the face of the Earth and also the Diminutive quality of distance their reason will be rectified and their incredulity turn'd into an acknowledgment of the unspeakable wisdom of Almighty God and they will say with the Psalmist Great is our Lord Great is his Power his Wisdom is Infinite Psal. 147.5 The distance of the Stars therefore from the Earth is according to Mr. John Dee's computation 2008 1 ½ semidiameters of the Earth The semidiameter of the Earth containeth of our common miles 3436 4 11 such miles as the whole Earth and Sea round about is 21600 allowing for every degree of the greatest circle 60 miles so that the distance of the Stars from the Earth is in miles 69006540 a distance so vastly great that were there a path for a Footman to walk in of that length he must have set forth 9452 years 347 days ago and have travelled 20 miles every day to have been just now at his Journeys end Now as Mr. Dee saith almost in the same words if you weigh well with your self this little parcel of fruit Astronomical as concerning the bigness and distance of the Stars c. and the huge massiness of the Starry Heaven you will find your Consciences moved with the Kingly Prophet to sing the confession of Gods Glory and say The Heavens declare the Glory of God and the Firmament sheweth the works of his Hands Of the Constellations in Heaven A Constellation is a certain number of Stars placed by God Almighty neer one another in Heaven and by Astronomers circumscribed in one Figure depicted about them as Aries the Ram is a Constellation Taurus the Bull is another Constellation c. Astronomers brought them into these figures for instructions sake things cannot be taught without names to give a name to every Star had been troublesom to the Master and for the Schollar for the Master to devise and for the Schollar to remember and therefore the Astronomers have reduced many Stars into one Constellation that thereby they may tell the better where to seek them and being sought how to express them And they brought them into these figures and none other being moved thereto by these three Reasons first these figures express some properties of the Stars that are in them as those of the Ram to be hot and dry Andromeda chained betokeneth imprisonment the head of Medusa cut off signifieth the loss of that part Orion with his terrible and threatning gesture importeth tempest and terrible effects The Serpent the Scorpion and the Dragon signifie poyson The Bull insinuateth a melancholly passion The Bear inferreth cruelty c. Secondly the Stars if not precisely yet after a sort do represent such a figure and therefore that figure was assigned them as for example the Crown both North and South the Scorpion and the Triangle represent the figures which they have The third cause was the continuance of the memory of some notable men who either in regard of their singular pains taken in Astronomy or in regard of some other notable deed had well deserved of mankind The first Author of every particular Constellation is uncertain yet are they of great antiquity we receive them from Ptolomy and he followed the Platonicks so that their antiquity is great Moreover we may perceive them to be