such as they are a little till true Axiomes may be more fully discouered I haue heard his Lordship say also that one great Reason why he would not put these Particulars into any exact Method though he that looketh attentiuely into them shall finde that they haue a secret Order was because hee conceiued that other men would now thinke that they could doe the like And so goe on with a further Collection which if the Method had been Exact many would haue despaired to attaine by Imitation As for his Lordships loue of Order I can referr any Man to his Lordships Latine Booke De Augmentis Scientiarum which if my Iudgment be any thing is written in the Exactest Order that I know any Writing to bee I will conclude with an vsuall Speech of his Lordships That this Worke of his Naturall History is the World as GOD made it and not as Men haue made it For that it hath nothing of Imagination W Rawley NATVRALL HISTORIE I. Century DIGG a Pitt vpon the Sea shore somewhat aboue the High-water Marke and sincke it as deepe as the Low-Water marke And as the Tide commeth in it will fill with Water Fresh and Potable This is commonly practized vpon the Coast of Barbary where other fresh Water is wanting And CAESAR knew this well when he was besieged in Alexandria For by Digging of Pitts in the Sea shoare hee did frustrate the Laborious Workes of the Enemies which had turned the Sea-Water vpon the Wells of Alexandria And so saued his Army being then in Desperation But Caesar mistooke the Cause For he thought that all Sea-Sandes had Naturall Springs of Fresh Water But it is plaine that it is the Sea-Water because the Pitt filleth according to the Measure of the Tide And the Sea-water passing or Strayning through the Sandes leaueth the Saltnesse I remember to haue Read that Triall hath beene made of Salt Water passed through Earth through Tenn Vessells one within an other and yet it hath not lost his Saltnesse as to become potable But the same Man saith that by the Relation of Another Salt Water drained through twenty Vessells hath become Fresh This Experiment seemeth to crosse that other of Pitts made by the Sea side And yet but in part if it be true that twentie Repetitions doe the Effect But it is worth the Note how poore the Imitations of Nature are in Common course of Experiments except they be led by great Iudgement and some good Light of Axiomes For first ther is no small difference betweene a Passage of Water through twenty small Vessells And through such a distance as betweene the Low water and High water Marke Secondly there is a great difference betweene Earth and Sand. For all Earth hath in it a kinde of Nitrous Salt from which Sand is more free And besides Earth doth not straine the Water so finely as Sand doth But ther is a Third Point that I suspect as much or more then the other Two And that is that in the Experiment of Transmission of the sea-Sea-water into the Pitts the Water riseth But in the Experiment of Transmission of the Water through the Vessells it falleth Now certaine it is that the Salter Part of Water once Salted throughout goeth to the Bottome And therfore no meruaile if the Draining of Water by descent doth not make it fresh Besides I doe somewhat doubt that the very Dashing of the Water that commeth from the Sea is more proper to strike of the Salt part then wher the Water slideth of her owne Motion It seemeth Percolation or Transmission which is commonly called Straining is a good kinde of Separation Not onely of Thicke from Thin and Grosse from Fine But of more subtile Natures And varieth according to the Bodie through which the Transmission is made As if through a wollen Bagg the Liquour leaueth the Fatnesse If through Sand the Saltnesse c. They speake of Seuering Wine from Water passing it through Iuy wood or through other the like porous Body But Non Constat The Gumm of Trees which wee see to be commonly shining and cleare is but a fine Passage or Straining of the Iuice of the Tree through the Wood and Bark And in like manner Cornish Diamonds and Rock Rubies which are yet more resplendent then Gumms are the fine Exudations of Stone Aristotle giueth the Cause vainely why the Feathers of Birdes are of more liuely Colours then the Haires of Beastes for no Beast hath any fine Azure or Carnation or Greene Haire He saith It is because Birds are more in the Beames of the Sunn then Beasts But that is manifestly vntrue For Cattle are more in the Sun then Birds that liue commonly in the Woods or in some Couert The true Cause is that the Excrementious Moisture of liuing Creatures which maketh as well the Feathers in Birds as the Haire in Beasts passeth in Birds through a finer and more delicate Strainer then it doth in Beastes For Feathers passe through Quills And Haire through Skin The Clarifying of Liquors by Adhesion is an Inward Percolation And is effected when some Cleauing Body is Mixed and Agitated with the Liquours wherby the grosser Part of the Liquor sticks to that Cleauing Body And so the finer Parts are freed from the Grosser So the Apothecaries clarify their Sirrupes by whites of Eggs beaten with the Iuices which they would clarify which Whites of Eggs gather all the Dreggs and grosser Parts of the Iuyce to them And after the Sirrupe being sett on the Fire the whites of Egges themselues harden and are taken forth So Ippocrasse is clarified by mixing with Milke And stirring it about And then passing it through a Wollen Bagge which they call Hippocrates Sleeue And the Cleauing Nature of the Milke draweth the Powder of the Spices and Grosser parts of the Liquour to it And in the passage they stick vpon the Woollen Bagge The Clarifying of Water is an Experiment tending to Health besides the pleasure of the Eye when Water is Crystaline It is effected by casting in and placing Pebbles at the Head of a Current that the Water may straine through them It may be Percolation doth not onely cause Clearenesse and Splendour but Sweetnes of Sauour For that also followeth as well as Clearenes when the Finer Parts are seuered from the Grosser So it is found that the Sweates of Men that haue much Heat and exercise much and haue cleane Bodies and fine Skins doe smell sweet As was said of Alexander And we see commonly that Gumms haue sweet Odours TAke a Glasse and put Water into it and wett your Finger and draw it round about the Lipp of the Glasse pressing it somewhat hard And after you haue drawne it some few times about it will make the Water friske and sprinckle vp in a fine Dew This Instance doth excellently Demonstrate the Force of Compression in a Solid Body For whensoeuer a Solid Body as Wood Stone Mettall c. is pressed ther is
For the first Excesse of Nourishment is hurtfull For it maketh the Childe Corpulent And Growing in Breadth rather than in Heighth And you may take an Experiment from Plants which if they spread much are seldome tall As for the Nature of the Nourishment First it may not be too Drie And therefore Children in Dayrie Countries doe wax more tall than where they feed more vpon Bread and Flesh. There is also a receiued Tale That Boyling of Dasie Roots in Milke which it is certaine are great Driers will make Dogs little But so much is true that an Ouer-drie Nourishment in Childhood putteth backe Stature Secondly the Nourishment must be of an Opening Nature For that Attenuateth the Iuice and furthereth the Motion of the Spirits vpwards Neither is it without cause that Xenophon in the Nouriture of the Persian Children doth so much commend their Feeding vpon Cardamon which hee saith made them grow better and be of a more Actiue Habit. Cardamon is in Latine Nasturtium And with vs Water-Cresses Which it is certaine is an Herbe that whilest it is young is Friendly to Life As for the Quickening of Naturall Heat it must be done chiefly with Exercise And therefore no doubt much Going to Schoole where they sit so much hindreth the Growth of Children whereas Countrey People that goe not to Schoole are commonly of better Stature And againe Men must beware how they giue Children any thing that is Cold in Operation For euen Long Sucking doth hinder both Wit and Stature This hath beene tried that a Whelpe that hath beene fed with Nitre in Milke hath become very little but extreme liuely For the Spirit of Nitre is Cold. And though it be an Excellent Medicine in Strength of yeares for Prolongation of Life yet it is in Children and young Creatures an Enemy to Growth And all for the same Reason For Heat is requisite to Growth But after a Man is come to his Middle Age Heat consumeth the Spirits which the Coldnesse of the Spirit of Nitre doth helpe to condense and correct There be two Great Families of Things You may terme them by seuerall Names Sulphureous and Mercuriall which are the Chymists Words For as for their Sal which is their Third Principle it is a Compound of the other two Inflammable and Not Inflammable Mature and Crude Oily and Watry For we see that in Subterranies there are as the Fathers of their Tribes Brimstone and Mercury In Vegetables and Liuing Creatures there is Water and Oyle In the Inferiour Order of Pneumaticalls there is Aire and Flame And in the Superiour there is the Body of the Starre and the Pure Sky And these Paires though they be vnlike in the Primitiue Differences of Matter yet they seeme to haue many Consents For Mercury and Sulphure are principall Materialls of Metalls Water and Oyle are principall Materialls of Vegetables and Animals And seeme to differ but in Maturation or Concoction Flame in Vulgar Opinion is but Aire Incensed And they both haue Quicknesse of Motion and Facility of Cession much alike And the Interstellar Sky though the Opinion be vaine that the Starre is the Denser Part of his Orbe hath notwithstanding so much Affinity with the Starre that there is a Rotation of that as well as of the Starre Therefore it is one of the greatest Magnalia Naturae to turne Water or Watry Iuyce into Oile or Oily Iuyce Greater in Nature than to turne Siluer or Quick-siluer into Gold The Instances we haue wherein Crude and Watry Substance turneth into Fat and Oily are of foure kindes First in the Mixture of Earth and Water which mingled by the helpe of the Sunne gather a Nitrous Fatnesse more than either of them haue seuerally As we see in that they put forth Plants which need both Iuyces The Second is in the Assimilation of Nourishment made in the Bodies of Plants and Liuing Creatures Where of Plants turne the Iuyce of meere Water and Earth into a great deale of Oily Matter Liuing Creatures though much of their Fat and Flesh are out of Oily Aliments as Meat and Bread yet they Assimilate also in a Measure their Drinke of VVater c. But these two Wayes of Version of Water into Oyle namely by Mixture and by Assimilation are by many Passages and Percolations and by long Continuance of soft Heats and by Circuits of Time The third is in the Inception of Putrefaction As in Water Corrupted And the Mothers of Waters Distilled Both which haue a kinde of Fatnesse or Oyle The Fourth is in the Dulcoration of some Metalls As Saccharum Saturni c. The Intention of Version of Water into a more Oily Substance is by Disgestion For Oile is almost Nothing else but Water disgested And this Disgestion is principally by Heats Which Heat must be either Outward or Inward Againe it may be by Prouocation or Excitation Which is caused by the Mingling of Bodies already Oily or Disgested For they will somewhat Communicate their Nature with the rest Disgestion also is strongly effected by direct Assimilation of Bodies Crude into Bodies Disgested As in Plants and Liuing Creatures whose Nourishment is far more Crude than their Bodies But this Disgestion is by a great Compasse as hath beene said As for the more full Handling of these two Principles whereof this is but a Taste the Enquiry of which is one of the Profoundest Enquiries of Nature We leaue it to the Title of Version of Bodies And likewise to the Title of the First Congregations of Matter Which like a Generall Assembly of Estates doth giue Law to all Bodies A Chameleon is a Creature about the Bignesse of an Ordinary Lizard His Head vnproportionably bigge His Eyes great He moueth his Head without the writhing of his Necke which is inflexible as a Hogge doth His Backe crooked His Skin Spotted with little Tumours lesse Eminent nearer the Belly His Taile slender and long On each Foot he hath fiue Fingers three on the Outside and two on the Inside His Tongue of a maruellous Length in respect of his Body and hollow at the end Which he will launch out to prey vpon Flses Of Colour Greene and of a dusky Yellow brighter and whiter towards the Belly Yet spotted with Blew White and Red. If hee be laid vpon Greene the Greene predominateth If vpon Yellow the Yellow Not so if he be laid vpon Blew or Red or White Onely the Greene Spots receiue a more Orient Lustre Laid vpon Blacke he looketh all Blacke though not without a Mixture of Greene. He feedeth not only vpon Aire though that be his principall Sustenance For sometimes hee taketh Flies as was said yet some that haue kept Chameleons a whole yeare together could neuer perceiue that euer they fed vpon any Thing else but Aire And might obserue their Bellies to swell after they had exhausted the Aire and closed their Iawes Which they open commonly against the Rayes of the Sunne They haue a foolish Tradition in Magicke that if
faster vpon vs. The daintiest Smells of Flowers are out of those Plants whose Leaues smell not As Violets Roses Wall-flowers Gilly-flowers Pinckes Woodbines Vine-flowers Apple-Bloomes Lime-Tree Bloomes Beane-Bloomes c. The Cause is for that where there is Heat and strength enough in the Plant to make the Leaues Odorate there the Smell of the Flower is rather Euanide and Weaker than that of the Leaues As it is in Rose-Mary-Flowers Lauender-Flowers and Sweet-Briar-Roses But where there is lesse Heat there the Spirit of the Plant is disgested and refined and feuered from the Grosser Iuyce in the Esstorescence and not before Most Odours Smell best Broken or Crusht as hath beene said But Flowers Pressed or Beaten doe leese the Freshnesse and Sweetnesse of their Odour The Cause is for that when they are Crushed the Grosser and more Earthy Spirit commeth out with the Finer and troubleth it Whereas in stronger Odours there are no such Degrees of the Issue of the Smell It is a Thing of very good Vse to Discouer the Goodnesse of Waters The Taste to those that Drinke Water onely doth somewhat But other Experiments are more sure First try Waters by Weight Wherein you may finde some difference though not much And the Lighter you may account the Better Secondly try them by Boyling vpon an Equall Fire And that which consumeth away fastest you may account the Best Thirdly try them in Seuerall Bottles or Open Vessels Matches in euery Thing else and see which of them Last Longest without Stench or Corruption And that which holdeth Vnputrified longest you may likewise account the Best Fourthly try them by Making Drinkes Stronger or Smaller with the same Quantity of Mault And you may conclude that that Water which maketh the Stronger Drinke is the more Concocted and Nou-rishing though perhaps it be not so good for Medicinall vse And such Water commonly is the Water of Large and Nanigable Riuers And likewise in Large and Cleane Ponds of Standing Water For vpon both them the Sunne hath more power than vpon Fountaines or Small Riuers And I concelue that Chalke-water is next them the best for going furthest in Drinke For that also helpeth Concoction So it be out of a Deepe Well For then it Cureth the Rawnesse of the Water But Chalkie Water towards the Top of the Earth is too fretting As it appeareth in Laundry of Cloaths which weare out apace if you vse such Waters Fifthly The Houswiues doe finde a Difference in Waters for the Bearing or Not Bearing of Soape And it is likely that the more Fat Water will beare Soape best For the Hungry Water doth kill the Vnctuous Nature of the Soape Sixthly you may make a Iudgement of Waters according to the Place whence they Spring or Come The Rain-Water is by the Physitians esteemed the Finest and the best But yet it is said to putrifie soonest which is likely because of the Finenesse of the Spirit And in Conseruatories of Raine-water such as they haue in Venice c. they are and not so Choice waters The worse perhaps because they are Couered aloft and kept from the Sunne Snow-water is held vnwholesome In so much as the People that dwell at the Foot of the SnowMountaines or otherwise vpon the Ascent especially the Women by drinking of Snow-water haue great Bagges hanging vnder their Throats Well-water except it be vpon Chalke or a very plentifull Spring maketh Meat Red which is an ill Signe Springs on the Tops of High-Hills are the best For both they seeme to haue a Lightnesse and Appetite of Mounting And besides they are most pure and Vnmingled And againe are more Percolated thorow a great Space of Earth For Waters in Valleyes ioyne in effect vnder Ground with all Waters of the same Leuell Whereas Springs on the Tops of Hills passe thorow a great deale of Pure Earth with lesse Mixture of other Waters Seuenthly Iudgement may be made of Waters by the Soyle whereupon the Water runneth As Pebble is the Cleanest and best tasted And next to that clay-Clay-water And Thirdly Water vpon Chalke Fourthly that vpon Sand And Worst of all vpon Mudde Neither may you trust Waters that Taste Sweet For they are commonly found in Rising Grounds of great Cities which must needs take in a great deale of Filth In Peru and diuers Parts of the West Indies though vnder the Line the Heats are not so Intolerable as they be in Barbary and the Skirts of the Torrid Zone The Causes are First the Great Brizes which the Motion of the Aire in great Circles such as are vnder the Girdle of the World produceth Which doe refrigerate And therefore in those Parts Noone is nothing so hot when the Brizes are great as about Nine or Ten of the Clocke in the Fore-Noone Another Cause is for that the Length of the Night and the Dewes thereof doe compense the Heat of the Day A third Cause is the Stay of the Sunne Not in Respect of Day and Night for that wee spake of before but in Respect of the Season For vnder the Line the Sunne crosseth the Line and maketh two Summers and two Winters But in the Skirts of the Torrid Zone it doubleth and goeth backe againe and so maketh one Long Summer The Heat of the Sunne maketh Men Blacke in some Countries as in AEthiopia and Ginny c. Fire doth it not as wee see in GlasseMen that are continually about the Fire The Reason may be because Fire doth licke vp the Spirits and Bloud of the Body so as they Exhale So that it euer maketh Men looke Pale and Sallow But the Sunne which is a Gentler Heat doth but draw the Bloud to the Outward Parts And rather Concooteth it than Soaketh it And therefore wee see that all AEthiapes are Fleshy and Plumpe and haue great Lips All which betoken Moisture retained and not drawne out Wee see also that the Negroes are bred in Countries that haue Plenty of Water by Riuers or otherwise For Meroe which was the Metropolis of AEthiopia was vpon a great Lake And Congo where the Negroes are is full of Riuers And the Confines of the Riuer Niger where the Negroes also are are well watered And the Region about Capo Verde is likewise Moist in so much as it is pestilent through Moisture But the Countries of the Abyssenes and Barbary and Peru. where they are Tawney and Oliuaster and Pale are generally more Sandy and Dry. As for the AEthiopes as they are Plumpe and Fleshy So it may bee they are Sanguine and ruddy Coloured if their blacke Skinne would suffer it to be seene Some Creatures doe moue a good while after their Head is off As Birds Some a very little time As Men and all beasts Some moue though cut in feuerall Pieces As Snakes Eeles Wormes Flies c. First therefore it is certaine that the Immediate Cause of Death is the Resolution or Extinguishment of the Spirits And that the Destruction or Corruption of the Organs is but the
make the Humours passe readily And for the former of these Sirrups are most profitable And for the Latter Apozumes or Preparing Broaths Clisters also helpe lest the Medicine stop in the Guts and worke gripingly But it is true that Bodies abounding with Humours And fat Bodies And Open weather are Preparatines in themselues because they make the Humours more fluide But let a Physitian beware how he purge after hard Frostie Weather and in a Leane Body without Preparation For the Hurt that they may doe after Purging It is caused by the Lodging of some Humours in ill Places For it is certaine that there be Humours which somewhere placed in the Body are quiet and doe little hurt In other Places especially Passages doe much mischiefe Therefore it is good after Purging to vse Apozumes and Broths not so much Opening as those vsed before Purging but Absterfine and Mundifying Clisters also are good to conclude with to draw away the Reliques of the Humours that may haue descended to the Lower Region of the Body Bloud is stanched diuers waies First by Astringents and Repercussiue Medicines Secondly by Drawing of the Spirits and Bloud inwards which is done by Cold As Iron or a Stone laid to the neck doth stanch the Bleeding at the Nose Also it hath beene tryed that the Testicles being put into sharp Vineger hath made a suddaine Recesse of the Spirits and stanched Bloud Thirdly by the Recesse of the Bloud by Sympathy So it hath beene tried that the part that bleedeth being thrust into the Body of a Capon or Sheepe new ript and bleeding hath stanched Bloud The Bloud as it seemeth sucking and drawing vp by similitude of substance the Bloud it meeteth with and so it selfe going backe Fourthly by Custome and Time So the Prince of Aurange in his first hurt by the Spanish Boy could finde no meanes to stanch the Bloud either by Medicine or Ligament but was faine to haue the Orifice of the Wound stopped by Mens Thumbes succeeding one another for the space at least of two Dayes And at the last the bloud by Custome onely retired There is a fifth Way also in vse to let Bloud in an Aduerse Part for a Revulsion It helpeth both in Medicine and Aliment to Change and not to continue the same Medicine Aliment still The Cause is for that Nature by continuall Vso of any Thing groweth to a Sacietie and Dulnesse either of Appetite or Working And we see that Assuetude of Things Hurtfull doth make them leese their force to Hurt As Poyson which with vse some haue brought themselues to brooke And therefore it is no maruaile though Things helpfull by Custome leese their force to Helpe I count Intermission almost the same thing with Change For that that hath beene intermitted is after a fort new It is found by Experience that in Diets of Guaiacum Sarza and the like especially if they be strict the Patient is more troubled in the beginning then after continuance Which hath made some of the more delicate Sort of patients giue them ouer in the middest Supposing that if those Diets trouble them so much at first they shall not be able to endure them to the End But the Cause is for that all those Diets doe drie vp Humours Rheumes and the like And they cannot Drie vp vntil they haue first attenuated And while the Humour is attenuated it is more Fluid then it was before and troubleth the Body a great deale more vntill it be dried vp and consumed And therefore Patients must expect a due time and not checke at them at the first The Producing of Cold is a thing very worthy the Inquisition both for Vse and Disclosure of Causes For Heat and Cold are Natures two Hands whereby she chiefly worketh And Heat we haue in readinesse in respect of the Fire But for Cold we must staie till it commeth or seecke it in deepe Caues or high Mountaines And when all is done we cannot obtaine it in any great degree For Furnaces of Fire are farre hotter then a Sommers Sunne But Vaults or Hills are not much Colder then a Winters Frost The first Meanes of Producing Cold is that which Nature presenteth vs withall Namely the Expiring of Cold out of the Inward Parts of the Earth in Winter when the Sun hath no power to ouercome it the Earth being as hath beene noted by some Primum Frigidum This hath beene asserted as well by Auncient as by Moderne Philosophers It was the Tenet of Parmenides It was the opinion of the Authour of the discourse in Plutarch for I take it that booke was not Plutarches owne De prime Frigide It was the opinion of Telesius who hath renewed the Philosophy of Parmenides and is the best of the Nouellists The Second Cause of Cold is the Contact of Cold Bodies For Cold is Actiue and Transitiue into Bodies Adiacent as well as Heat which is seene in those things that are touched with Snow or Cold water And therefore whosoeuer will be an Inquirer into Nature let him resort to a Conseruatory of Snow and Ice Such as they vse for delicacy to coole Wine in Summer Which is a Poore and Contemptible vse in respect of other vses that may bee made of such Conseruatories The Third Cause is the Primary Nature of all Tangible bodies For it is well to be noted that all Things whatsoeuer Tangible are of themselues Cold Except they haue an Accessory Heat by fire Life or Motion For euen the Spirit of Wine or Chyâ—icall Oyles which are so hot in Operation are to the first Touch Cold And Aire it selfe compressed and Condensed a little by blowing is Cold. The Fourth Cause is the Density of the Body For all Dense Bodies are Colder then most other Bodies As Mettalls Stone Glasse And they are longer in Heating than Softer Bodies And it is certaine that Earth Dense Tangible hold all of the Nature of Cold. The Cause is for that all Matters Tangible being Cold it must needs follow that where the Matter is moist Congregate the Cold is the greater The Fifth Cause of Cold or rather of increase and vehemence of Cold is a Quicke Spirit inclosed in a Cold Body As will appeare to any that shall attentiuely consider of Nature in many Instances Wee see Nitre which hath a Quicke Spirit is Cold more Cold to the Tongue then a Stone So Water is Colder then Oile because it hath a Quicker Spirit For all Oile though it hath the Tangible Parts better digested then Water yet hath it a duller Spirit So Snow is Colder then Water because it hath more Spirit within it So we see that Salt put to Ice as in the producing of the Artificiall Ice increaseth the Actiuity of Cold So some Inâ—â—cta which haue Spirit of Life as Snakes and Silkwormes are to the touch Cold. So Quick-filuer is the Coldest of Mettals because it is Fullest of Spirit The Sixth Cause of Cold is the Chasing and Driuing away of Spirits
spent in the Stalke or Lease which remaineth after the Fruit. Where note that the Dying in the winter of the Roots of Plants that are Annuall seemeth to be partly caused by the Ouer-Expence of the Sap into Stalke and Leaues which being preuented they will super-annate if they stand warme The Pulling off many of the Blossomes from a Fruit-Tree doth make the Fruit fairer The Cause is manifest For that the Sap hath the lesse to nourish And it is a Common Experience that if you doe not pull off some Blossomes the first time a Tree bloometh it will blossome it selfe to death It were good to trie what would be the Effect if all the Blossomes were pulled from a Fruit-Tree Or the Acornes and Chesnut-buds c. from a Wilde Tree for two yeares together I suppose that the Tree will either put forth the third yeare bigger and more plentifull Fruit Or else the same yeares larger Leaues because of the Sap stored vp It hath beene generally receiued that a Plant Watered with Warme Water will come vp sooner and better than with Cold Water or with Showers But our Experiment of Watering Wheat with Warme Water as hath beene said succeeded not which may be because the Triall was too late in the Yeare vix in the End of October For the Cold then comming vpon the Seed after it was made more tender by the Warme Water might checke it There is no doubt but that Grafting for the most Part doth meliorate the Fruit. The Cause is manifest For that the Nourishment is better prepared in the Stocke than in the Crude Earth But yet note well that there be some Trees that are said to come vp more happily from the Kernell than from the Graft As the Peach and Melocotone The Cause I suppose to he for that those Plants require a Nourishment of great Moisture And though the Nourishment of the Stocke be finer and better prepared yet it is not so moist and plentifull as the Nourishment of the Earth And indeed we see those Fruits are very Cold Fruits in their Nature It hath beene receiued that a Smaller Peare grafted vpon a Stocke that beareth a greater Peare will become Great But I thinke it is as true as that of the Prime-Fruit vpon the Late Stocke And è conuerso which we reiected before For the Cions will gouerne Neuerthelesse it is probable enough that if you can get a Cions to grow vpon a Stocke of another kinde that is much moister than his owne Stocke it may make the Fruit Greater because it will yeeld more plentifull nourishment Though it is like it will make the Fruit Baser But generally the Grafting is vpon a dryer Stock As the Apple vpon a Crab The Peare vpon a Thorne c. Yet it is reported that in the Low-Conntries they will graft an Apple-Cions vpon the Stocke of a Colewort and it will beare a great flaggy Apple The Kernell of which if it be set will be a Colewort and not an Apple It were good to try whether an Apple-Cions will prosper if it be grafted vpon a Sallow or vpon a Poplar or vpon an Alder or vpon an Elme or vpon an Horse-Plumme which are the moistest of Trees I haue heard that it hath beene tryed vpon an Elme and succeeded It is manifest by Experience that Flowers Remoued wax greater because the Nourishment is more easily come by in the loose Earth It may be that Oft Regrafting of the same Cions may likewise make Fruit greater As if you take a Cions and graft it vpon a Stocke the first yeare And then cut it off and graft it vpon another Stocke the second yeare and so for a third Or fourth yeare And then let it rest it will yeeld afterward when it beareth the greater Fruit. Of Grafting there are many Experiments worth the Noting but those we reserue to a proper Place It maketh Figs better if a Fig-Tree when it beginneth to put forth Leaues haue his Top cut off The Cause is plaine for that the Sap hath the lesse to seed and the lesse way to mount But it may be the Figge will come somewhat later as was formerly touched The same may be tried likewise in other Trees It is reported that Mulberries will be fairer and the Trees more fruitfull if you bore the Truncke of the Tree thorow in seuerall places and thrust into the Places bored Wedges of some Hot Trees as Turpentine Mastick-Tree Guaiacum Inniper c. The Cause may be for that Aduentiue Heat doth cheare vp the Natiue Iuyce of the Tree It is reported that Trees will grow greater and beare better Fruit if you put Salt or Lees of Wine or Bloud to the Root The Cause may be the Encreasing the Lust or Spirit of the Root These Things being more forcible than ordinary Composts It is reported by one of the Ancients that Artichoakes will be lesse prickly and more tender if the Seeds haue their Tops dulled or grated off vpon a Stone Herbes will be tenderer and fairer if you take them out of Beds when they are newly come vp and remoue them into Pots with better Earth The Remoue from Bed to Bed was spoken of before But that was in seuerall yeares This is vpon the sudden The Cause is the same with other Remoues formerly mentioned Coleworts are reported by one of the Ancients to prosper exceedingly and to be better tasted if they be sometimes watred with Salt-Water And much more with Water mixed with Nitre The Spirit of which is lesse Adurent than Salt It is reported that Cucumbers will proue more Tender and Dainty if their Seeds be Steeped a little in Milke The Cause may be for that the Seed being mollified with the Milke will be too weake to draw the grosser Iuyce of the Earth but onely the finer The same Experiment may be made in Artichoakes and other Seeds when you would take away either their Flashinesse or Bitternesse They speake also that the like Effect followeth of Steeping in Water mixed with Honey But that seemeth to me not so probable because Honey hath too quicke a Spirit It is reported that Cucumbers will be lesse Watry and more Melonlike it in the Pit where you set them you fill it halfe way vp with Chaffe or small Stickes and then powre Earth vpon them For Cucumbers as it seemeth doe extremely affect Moisture And ouer-drinke themselues Which this Chaffe or Chips forbiddeth Nay it is further reported that if when a Cucumber is growne you fet a Pot of water about fiue or six inches distance from it it will in 24 houres shoot so much out as to touch the Pot Which if it be true it is an Experiment of an higher Nature than belongeth to this Title For it discouereth Perception in Plants to moue towards that which should helpe and comfort them though it be at a distance The ancient Tradition of the Vine is far more strange It is that if you set a Stake or Prop some distance from it
salleth also vpon other Herbs and is not obserued It were good Triall were made whether the great Consent betweene Plants and Water which is a principall Nourishment of them will make an Attraction or Distance and not at Touch onely Therfore take a Vessell and in the middle of it make a false Bottome of course Canâ—â—affe Fill it with Eâ—â—â— aboue the Canuaffey and let not the Barâ—h be waâ—ed Then sow some good Seeds in that Earth But â—â—â— the Canuaffe some halfe a foot in the Bottome of the Vessell lay a great Spâ—â—ge thâ—â—owly wet in water And let it lye so some ten Dayes And see whether the Seeds will sprout and the Earth become more Moist and the Spunge more dry The Experiment formerly mentioned of the Cucumber creeping to the Pot of Water is far stranger than this The Altering of the Sent Colour or Taste of Fruit by Infusing Mixing or Letting into the Barke or Rost of the Tree Herb or Flower any Coloured Aromaticall or Medicinall Substance are but Fancies The Cause is for that those Things haue passed their Period and nourish not And all Alteration of Vegetables in those Qualitles must be by somewhat that is apt to goe into the Nourishment of the Plant. But this is true that where Kine feed vpon Wilde Garlicke their Milke tasteth plainly of the Garlicke And the Flesh of Muttons is better tasted where the Sheepe feed vpon Wilde Thyme and other wholesome Herbs Galen also speaketh of the Curing of the Scirrus of the Liuer by Milke of a Cow that feedeth but vpon certaine Herbs And Honey in Spaine smelleth apparently of the Rosemary or Orenge from whence the Bee gathereth it And there is an old Tradition of a Mayden that was fed with Napellus which is counted the Strongest Poyson of all Vegetables which with vse did not hurt the Maid but poisoned some that had Carnall Company with her So it is obserued by some that there is a vertuous Bexoar and another without vertue which appeare to the shew alike But the Vertuous is taken from the Beast that feedeth vpon the Mountaines where there are Theriacall Herbs And that without Vertue from those that feed in the Valleyes where no such Herbs are Thus far I am of Opinion That as Steeped Wines and Beeres are very Medicinall and likewise Bread tempred with diuers Powders So of Meat also as Flesh Fish Milke and Egges that they may be made of great vse for Medicine and Diet if the Beasts Fowle or Fish be fed with a speciall kinde of food fit for the Disease It were a dangerous Thing also for secret Empoysonthents But whether it may be applyed vnto Plants and Herbs I doubt more Because the Nourishment of them is a more common Iuyce which is hardly capable of any speciall Quality vntill the Plant doe assimilate it But lest our Incredulity may preiudice any profitable Operations in this kind especially since Many of the Ancients haue set them down We thinke good briefly to propound the foure Meanes which they haue deuised of Making Plants Medicinable The First is by Slitting of the Root and Infusing into it the Medicine As Hellebore Opium Scammony Triacle c. And then binding it vp againe This seemeth to me the least probable Because the Root draweth immediately from the Earth And so the Nourishment is the more Common and lesse Qualified And besides it is a long time in Going vp ere it come to the Fruit. The Second Way is to Perforate the Body of the Tree and there to Infuse the Medicine Which is somewhat better For if any Vertue be receiued from the Medicine it hath the lesse way and the lesse time to goe vp The Third is the Steeping of the Seed or Kernell in some Liquour wherein the Medicine is Infused Which I haue little Opinion of because the Seed I doubt will not draw the Parts of the Matter which haue the Propriety But it will be farre the more likely if you mingle the Medicine with Dung For that the Seed naturally drawing the Moisture of the Dung may call in withall some of the Propriety The fourth is the Watring of the Plant oft with an Infusion of the Medicine This in one respect may haue more force than the rest Because the Medication is oft renewed Whereas the rest are applyed but at one time And therefore the Vertue may the sooner vanish But still I doubt that the Root is somewhat too stubborne to receiue those fine Impressions And besides as I said before they haue a great Hill to goe vp I iudge therefore the likeliest way to be the Perforation of the Body of the Tree in senerall Places one aboue the other And the Filling of the Holes with Dung mingled with the Medicine And the Watring of those Lumpes of Dung with Squirts of an Infusion of the Medicine in Dunged water once in three or foure Daies NATVRALL HISTORIE VI. Century OVR Experiments we take care to be as we haue often said either Experimenta Fructifera or Lucifera Either of Vse or of Discouery For we hate Impostures And despise Curiosities Yet because we must apply out Selues somewhat to Others wee will set downe some Curiofities touching Plants It is a Curiosity to haue seuerall Fruits vpon one Tree And the more when some of them come Early and some come Late So that you may haue vpon the same Tree Ripe Fruits all Sommer This is easily done by Grafting of Seurall Cians vpon seuerall Boughes of a Stock in a good Ground plentifully sed So you may haue all Kindes of Cherries and all kindes of Plums and Peaches and Apricots vpon one Tree But I conceiue the Diuer sity of Fruits must be such as will grast vpon the same Stocke And therefore I doubt whether you can haue Apples or Peares or Orenges vpon the same Stocke vpon which you graft Plummes It is a Curiosity to haue Fruits of Diuers Shopes and Figures This is easily performed by Moulding them when the Fruit is young with Moulds of Earth or Wood. So you may haue Cucumbers c. as Long as a Cane Or as Round as a Spheare Or formed like a Crosse. You may haue also Apples in the sorme of Peares or Limons You may haue also Fruit in more Accurate Figures As we said of Men Beasts or Birds according as you make the Moulds Wherein you must vnderstand that you make the Mould big enough to containe the whole Fruit when it is growne to the greatest For else you will choake the Spreading of the Fruit Which otherwise would spread it selfe and fill the Concaue and so be turned into the Shape desired As it is in Mouldworkes of Liquid Things Some doubt may be conceiued that the Keeping of the Sunne from the Fruit may hurt it But there is ordinary experience of Fruit that groweth Couered Quare also whether some small Holes may not be made in the Wood to let in the Sunne And note that it were best to make the
as they come vp to remoue them into New Ground that is good Enquire also whether Inoculating of Flowers as Stock-Gilly-Flowers Roses Muske-Roses c. doth not make them Double There is a Cherry-Tree that hath Double Blossomes But that Tree beareth no Fruit And it may be that the same Meanes which applied to the Tree doth extremely accelerate the Sap to rise and breake sorth Would make the Tree spend it selfe in Flowers and those to become Double Which were a great pleasure to see Especially in Apple-Trees Peach-Trees and Almond-Trees that haue Blossomes Blush-Coloured The Making of Fruits without Core or Stone is likewise a Curiosity And somewhat better Because whatsoeuer maketh them so is like to make them more Tender and Delicate If a Cions or Shooe fit to be set in the Ground haue the Pith finely taken forth and not altogether but some of it left the better to saue the life it will beare a Fruit with little or no Core or Stone And the like is said to be of diuiding a Quicke-Tree downe to the Ground and Taking out the Pith and then binding it vp againe It is reported also that a Citron grafted vpon a Quince haue small or no Seeds And it is very probable that 〈…〉 grafted vpon a Stocke that 〈◊〉 a Sweeter Fruit may hath make the Fruit sweeter and more void of the harsh 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Seeds It is reported that not only the â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— of the â—â—â—â— but the Steepping of the Iuyce of the Pith from Rising in the 〈…〉 if you should boare a Tree cleane thorow and put a wedge in It is true there is some Affinitie betweene the Pith and the Kernell because they are both of a harsh Substance and both placed in the Middest It is reported that Trees watred perpetually with Warme Water will make a Fruit with little or no Core or â—â—â— And the Rule is generall that whatsoeuer will make a Water-Tree a Garden-Tree will make a Garden-Tree to haue lesse Core or Stone The Rule is certaine that Plants for want of Culture â—â—â—â—â— to be be baser in the same Kinde And sometimes so â—â—â—â— as to change into another Kinde 1. The Stâ—â—ding â—â—â—â— not being Remoued â—â—keth them degenerase 2. Drangle vnlesse the Earth of it selfe be moist doth the like 3. So doth Remouing into worse Earth or Gorbearing to Câ—â—â—pâ—st the Earth As wee see that Water-Mini turneth into Field-Mini And the Colewort into Rape by Neglect c. Whatsouer Fruit vseth to bee set vpon a Roâ—â— or a Slipif it bee 〈◊〉 will degenerate Grapes sowne Figs Almonds Pomgranate Kernells sowne make the Fruits degenerate and become Wilde And againe Most of those Fruits that vse to be grafted if they be set of Kernells or Stones degenerate It is true that â—â—â—â— as hath beene touched before doe better vpon Sâ—â—â— Sâ—â— than vpon Grafting And the Rule of Exception should seeme to be this That whatsoeuer Pâ—â—â—â— requireth much Moisture prospereth better vpon the Stone or Kernell than vpon the Graft For the Stocke though it glueth a finer Nourishment yet it giueth a scanter than the Earth at large Seeds if they be very Old and yet haue strength enough to bring forth a Plant make the Plant degenerate And therefore skilfull Gardiners make triall of the Seeds before they buy them whether they be good or no by Putting them into Water gently Boyled And if they be good they will sprout within Halfe an Houre It is strange which is reported that Basill too such exposed to the Sunne doth turne into Wilde Thyme Although those two Herbs seeme to haue small Affinitie but Basill is almost the only Hot Herbe that hath Fat and Succulent Leaues Which Oylinesse if it be drawne forth by the Sunne it is like it will make a very great Change There is an old Tradition that Boughs of Oake put into the Earth will put forth Wilde Vines Which if it be true no doubt it is not the Oake that turneth into a Vine but the Oake-Bough Putrifying qualifieth the Earth to put forth a Vine of it selfe It is not impossible and I haue heard it verified that vpon Cutting downe of an Old Timber-Tree the Stub hath put out sometimes a Tree of another Kinde As that Beech hath put forth Birch Which if it be true the Cause may be for that the old Stub is too scant of Iuyce to put forth the former Tree And therefore putteth forth a Tree of a smaller kindey that needeth lesse Nourishment There is an Opinion in the Countrey that if the same Ground be oft sowen with the Graine that grew vpon it it will in the end grow to be of a baâ—er kinde It is certaine that in very Sterile Yeares Carne sowne will grow to an Other Kinde Grandia sapè quibus mandauimus Hordes Sulcis Infoelix Lolium steriles dominantur Auena And generally it is a Rule that Plants that are brought forth by Culture as Corne will sooner change into other Species than those that come of themselues For that Culture giueth but an Aduentitious Nature which is more easily put off This worke of the Transmutation of Plants one into another is inter Magnalia Naturae For the Transmutation of Species is in the vulgar philosophie pronounced Impossible And certainly it is a thing of difficultie and requireth deepe Seatch into Nature But feeing there appeare some manifest Instances of it the Opinion of Impossibilitie is to be reiected And the Meanes thereof to be found out Wee see that in Liuing Creatures that come of Putrefaction there is much Transmutation of one into another As Catterpillers turne into Flies c. And it should seeme probable that what soeuer Creature hauing life is generated without Seed that Creature will change out of one Species into another For it is the Seed and the Nature of it which locketh and boundeth in the Creature that it doth not expatiate So as wee may well conclude that seeing the Earth of it selfe doth put forth Plants without Seed therefore Plants may well haue a Transmigration of Species Wherefore Wanting Instances which doe occurre wee shall giue Directions of the most likely Trialls And generally wee would not haue those that read this our Worke of Sylua Syluarum account it strange or thinke that it is an Ouer-Haste that wee haue set downe Particulars vntried For contrariwise in our owne Estimation we account such Particulars more worthy than those that are already tried and knowne For these Later must be taken as you finde them But the Other doe leuell Point blanke at the Inuenting of Causes and Axiomes Flast therefore you must make account that if you will haue one Plant change into another you must haue the Nourishment ouer-rule the Seed And therefore you are to practise it by Nourishments as contrary as may be to the Nature of the Harbs So neuerthelesse as the Herbe may grow And likewise with Seeds that are of the Weakest Sort and haue least Vigour You shall doe well therefore
to take Marsh-Herbs and Plant them vpon Tops of Hills and Champaignes And such plants as require much Moisture vpon Sandy and very drie Grounds As for Example Marsh-Maltowes and Sedge vpon Hills Cucumber and Letâ—nce Seeds and Coloworis vpon a Sandy Plas So contrariwise plant Bushes Heath Ling and Brakes vpon a Wet or Muâ—sh Ground This I conceiue also that all Eâ—câ—lent and Garden-Herbs set vpon the Tops of Hills will proue more Modicinall though leffe Eâ—â—â—lent than they were before And it may be likewise some Wilde-Herbs you may make Sallel-Herbs This is the first Rule for Transâ—â—ction of Plants The second Rule shall be to burie some few Seeds of the Herbe you would change amongst other Seeds And then you shall see whether the luyee of those other Seeds doe â—â—â— so qualifie the Earth as it will alter the Seed whereupon you worke As for Example Put Parflyâ—â—â— amongst Onion-Sâ—â—t Or Lettuce Seed amongst Parthy-Seed Or Baâ—â—-Seed amongst Thyme-Seed And see the Change of Taste on otherwise But you shall doe well to put the Seed you would change into a little linnen Cloth that it mingle not with the forraine Seed The third Rule shall be the Making of some Medley or Mixture of Earth with some other plants Braised or Shanes either in Leafe or Root As for Example make Earth with a Mixture of Calmert-Leaues stamped and set in it Artisâ—â—â—kes or Parsâ—ips So take Earth made with Maiâ—â— or Origaâ—â—m or Wilde Thâ—â—â— bruised or stamped and set in it Fennell-Seed c. In which Operation the Processe of Nature still will be as I conceiue not that the Harbe you worke vpon should draw the Iuyce of the Foâ—â—ne Herbes For that Opinion was haue formerly reiected But that there will be a New Confection of Mould which perhaps will alter the Seed and yet not to the kinde of the former Herbe The foâ—â—â— Rule shall be to â—â—â— what Herbs some â—â—â— doe put forth of themselues And to take â—â—â— Earth and to Pat it or to â—â—â—â—â—â— it And in that to set the Seed you would change as for example sake from vnder Walls or the like where Nettles put forth in abundance the Earth which you shall there finde without any String or Root of the Nettles And Pot that Earth and set in it Stock-gilly flowers or Wall Flowers c. Or sow in the Seeds of them And see what the Euent will be Or take Earth that you haue prepared to put forth Mushromes of it selfe whereof you shall finde some Instances following And sow in it Purslane Seed or Lettuce-Seed For in these Experiments it is likely enough that the Earth being accustomed to send forth one Kinde of Nourishment will alter the new Seed The fifth Rule shall be to make the Herbe grow Contrary to his Nature As to make Ground-Herbes rise in Heighth As for example Carry Camomill or Wilde-Thyme or the Greene Strawberry vpon Sticks as you doe Heps vpon Poles And see what the Euent will be The sixth Rule shall be to make Plants grow out of the Sunne or Open Aire For that is a great Mutation in Nature And may induce a Change in the Seed As barrell vp Earth and sow some Seed in it and put it in the Bottome of a Pond Or put it in some great hollow Tree Trie also the Sowing of Seeds in the Bottomes of Caues And Pots with Seeds sowne hanged vp in Wells some distance from the Water and see what the Euent will be It is certaine that Timber-Trees in Coppice-Words grow more vpright and more free from Vnder-Boughs than those that stand in the Field The Cause whereof is for that Plants haue a Naturall Motion to get to the Sunne And besides they are not glutted with too much Nourishment For that the Coppice shareth with them And Repletion euer hindreth Stature Lastly they are kept warme And that euer in Plants helpeth Mounting Trees that are of themselues full of Heat which Heat appeareth by their Inflammable Gumms as Firrs and Pines mount of themselues in Heighth without Side-Boughs till they come towards the Top. The Cause is partly Heat And partly Tenuitie of Iuyce Both which send the Sap vpwards As for Iuniper it is but a Shrub and groweth not bigge enough in Body to maintaine a tall Tree It is reported that a Good Strong Canuas spread ouer a Tree grasted low soone after it putteth forth will dwarfe it and make it spread The Cause is plaine For that all Things that grow will grow as they finde Roome Trees are generally set of Roots or Kernells But if you set them of Slips as of some Trees you may by name the Mulberry some of the Slips will take And those that take as is reported will be Dwarfe-Trees The Cause is for that a Slip draweth Nourishment more weakly than either a Root or Kernell All Plants that put forth their Sap hastily haue their Bodies not proportionable to their Length And therefore they are Winders and Creepers As Iuy Briony Hops Woodbine Whereas Dwarsing requireth a slow Putting forth and lesse Vigour of Mounting The Scripture saith that Salomon wrote a Naturall History from the Cedar of Libanus to the Mosse growing vpon the Wall For so the belt Translations haue it And it is true that Mosse is but the Rudiment of a Plant. And as it were the Mould of Earth or Barke Mosse groweth chiefly vpon Ridges of Houses tiled or thatched And vpon the Crests of Walls And that Mosse is of a lightsome and pleasant Greene. The Growing vpon Slopes is caused for that Mosse as on the one side it commeth of Moisture and Water so on the other side the Water must but Slide and not Stand or Poole And the Growing vpon Tiles or Walls c. is caused for that those dried Earths hauing not Moisture sufficient to put forth a Plant doe practise Gormination by Putting forth Mosse Though when by Age or otherwise they grow to relent and resolue they sometimes put forth Plants As Wall-Flowers And almost all Mosse hath here and there little Stalkes besides the low Thrumme Mosse groweth vpon Alleyes especially such as lye Cold and vpon the North As in diuers Tarrasses And againe if they be much trodden Or if they were at the first grauelled For wheresoeuer Plants are kept downe the Earth putteth forth Mosse Old Ground that hath beene long vnbroken vp gathereth Mosse And therfore Husbandmen vse to cure theit Pasture Grounds when they grow to Mosse by Tilling them for a yeare or two Which also dependeth vpon the same Cause For that the more Sparing and Staruing Iuyce of the Earth in sufficient for Plants doth breed Mosse Old Trees are more Mossy farre than Young For that the Sap is not so francke as to rise all to the Boughes but tireth by the way and putteth out Mosse Fountaines haue Mosse growing vpon the Ground about them Muscosi Fontes The Cause is for that the Fountaines draine the Water from the Ground Adiacent and leaue but
And besides it is doubtfull whether the Mortar it selfe putteth it forth or whether some Seeds be not let fall by Birds There be likewife Rock-Herbs But I suppose those are where there is some Mould or Earth It hath likewife beene found that great Trees growing vpon Quarries haue put downe their Root into the Stone In some Mines in Germany as is reported there grow in the Bottome Vegetables And the Worke-Folkes vse to say they haue Magicall Vertue And will not suffer Men to gather them The Sea-Sands seldome beare Plants Whereof the Cause is yeelded by some of the Ancients for that the Sunne exhaleth the Moisture before it can incorporate with the Earth and yeeld a Nourishment for the Plant. And it is affirmed also that Sand hath alwayes his Root in Clay And that there be no Veines of Sand any great depth within the Earth It is certaine that some Plants put forth for a time of their owne Store without any Nourishment from Earth Water Stone c. Of which Vide the Experiment 29. It is reported that Earth that was brought out of the Indies and other Remote Countries for Ballast of Ships cast vpon some Grounds in Italy did put forth Fortaine Herbs to vs in Europe not knowne And that which is more that of their Roots Barkes and Seeds conâ—used together and mingled with other Earth and well Watred with Warme Water there came forth Herbs much like the Other Plants brought out of Hot Countries will endeuour to put forth at the same Time that they vsually do in their owne Climate And therfore to preserue them there is no more required than to keepe them from the Iniury of Putting backe by Cold. It is reported also that Graine out of the Hotter Countries translated into the Colder will be more forward than the Ordinary Graine of the Cold Countrey It is likely that this will proue better in Graines than in Trees For that Graines are but Annuall And so the Vertue of the Seed is not worne out Whereas in a Tree it is embased by the Ground to which it is Remoued Many Plants which grow in the Hotter Countries being set in the Colder will neucrthelesse euen in those Cold Countries being sowne of Seeds ate in the Spring come vp and abide most Part of the Summer As we finde it in Orenge and Limon-Seeds c. The Seeds whereof Sowen in the End of Aprill will bring forth Excellent Sallets mingled with other Herbs And I doubt not but the Seeds of Cloue-Trees and Pepper-Seeds c. if they could come hither Greene enough to be sowen would doe the like There be some Flowers Blossomes Graines and Fruits which come more Early And Others which come more Late in the Yeare The Flowers that come early with vs are Prime-Roses Violets Anemonies Water-Daffadillies Crocus Vernus and some early Tulippa's And they are all Cold Plants Which therefore as it should seeme haue a quicker Perception of the Heat of the Sunne Increasing than the Hot Herbs haue As a Cold Hand will sooner finde a little Warmth than a Hot. And those that come next after are Wall-Flowers Cowflips Hyacinths Rosemary-Flowers c. And after them Pincks Roses Flowerdelnces c. And the latest are Gilly-Flowers Holly-oakes Larkes-Foot c. The Earliest Blossomes are the Blossomes of Peaches Almonds Cornelians Mezerions c. And they are of such Trees as haue much Moisture either Watrie or Oylie And therefore Grocus Vernus also being an Herbe that hath an Oylie luyce putteth forth early For those also finde the Sunne sooner than the Drier Trees The Graines are first Rye and Wheat Then Oats and Barley Then Pease and Beanes For though Greene Pease and Beanes be eaten sooner yet the Drie Ones that are vsed for Horse-Meat are ripe last And it seemeth that the Fatter Graine commeth first The Earliest Fruits are Strawberries Cherries Gooseberries Corrans And after them Early Apples Early Peares Apricots Rasps And after them Damasins and most Kinde of Plums Peaches c. And the latest are Apples Wardens Grapes Nuts Quinces Almonds Sloes Brier-Berries Heps Medlars Seruices Cornelians c. It is to be noted that commonly Trees that ripen latest blossome soonest As Peaches Cornelians Sloes Almonds c. And it seemeth to be a Worke of Prouidence that they blossome so soone For otherwise they could not haue the Sunne long enough to ripen There be Fruits but rarely that come twice a Teare as some Peares Strawberries c. And it seemeth they are such as abound with Nourishment Whereby after one Period before the Sunne waxeth too weake they can endure another The Violet also amongst Flowers commeth twice a Yeare Especially the Double White And that also is a Plant full of Moisture Roses come twice but it is not without Caâ—ting as hath beene formerly said In Muscbuia though the Corne come not vp till late Spring yet their Haruest is as Early as Ours The Cause is for that the Strength of the Ground is kept in with the Snow And wee see with vs that if it be a long Winter it is commonly a more Plentifull Teare And after those kinde of Winters likewise the Flowers and Corne which are Earlier and Later doe come commonly at once and at the same time Which troubleth the Husbandman many times For you shâ—ll haue Red Roses and Damaske Roses come together And likewise the Harnest of Wheat and Barley But this happeneth euer for that the Earlier staieth for the Later And not that the Later commeth sooner There be diuers Fruit-Trees in the Hot Countries which haue Blossomes and Young Fruit and Ripe Fruit almost all the Yeare succeeding one another And it is said the Orenge hath the like with vs for a great Part of Summer And so also hath the Figge And no doubt the Naturall Motion of Plants is to haue so But that either they want luyce to spend Or they meet with the Cold of the Winter And therefore this Circle of Ripening cannot be but in Succulent Plants and Hot Countries Some Herbs are but Annuall and die Root and all once a Yeare As Borrage Lettuce Cucumbers Muske-Melons Bafill Tobacco Mustard-Seed and all kindes of Corne Some continue many Yeares As Hyssope Germander Lanander Fennell c. The Cause of the Dying is double The first is the Tendernesse and Weaknesse of the Seed which maketh the Period in a small time As it is in Borrage Lettnce Cucumbers Corne c. And therefore none of these are Hot. The other Cause is for that some Herbs can worse endure Cold As Basill Tobacco Mustard-Seed And these haue all much Heat The Lasting of Plants is most in those that are Largest of Body As Oakes Elme Ches-Nut the Loat-Tree c. And this holdeth in Trees But in Herbs it is often contrary For borage Colewort Pompions which are Herbs of the Largest Size are of small Durance Whereas Hyssope Winter-Sauoury Germander Thyme Sage will last long The Cause is for that Trees last according to
in the rest And Triall would be made of Grasting of RoseMary and Bayes and Box vpon a Holly-Stocke Because they are Planes that come all Winter It were good to try it also with Grafts of other Trees either Fruit-Trees or Wilde-Trees To see whether they will not yeeld their Fruit or beare their Leaues later and longer in the Winter because the Sap of the Holly putteth forth most in the Winter It may be also a Mexerion-Tree grafted vpon a Holly will proue both an Earlier and a Greater Tree There be some Plants that beare no Flower and yet beare Fruit There be some that beare Flowers and no Fruit There be some that beare neither Flowers nor Fruit. Most of the great Timber-Trees as Oakes Beeches c. beare not apparent Flowers Some few likewise of the Fruit-Trees As Mulberry Wall-unt c. And some Shrubs as Iuniper Holly c. beare no Flowers Diuers Herbs also beare Seeds which is as the Fruit and yet beare no Flowers As Parslane c. Those that beare Flowers and no Fruit are few At the Double Cherry the Sallow c. But for the Cherry it is doubtfull whether it be not by Art or Culture For if it be by Art then Triall would be made whether Apples and other Fruits Blossomes may not be doubled There are some Few that beare neither Fruit nor Flower As the Elme the Poplers Box Brakes c. There be some Plants that shoot still vpwards and can Support themselues As the greatest Part of Trees and Plants There be some Other that Creepe along the Ground Or Winde about other Trees or Props and cannot support themselues As Vines Iuy Briar Briony Woodbines Hop 's Climatis Camomill c. The Cause is as hath beene partly touched for that all Plants naturally moue vpwards But if the Sap put vp too fast it maketh a slender Stalks which will not support the weight And therefore these latter Sort are all Swift and Hasty Commers The first and most Ordinary Holpe is Stercoration The Sheeps-Dung is one of the best And next the Dung of Kine And thirdly that of Horses Which is held to be somewhat too hot vnlesse it be mingled That of Pigeons for a Garden or a small Quantity of Ground excelleth The Ordering of Dung is If the Ground be Arable to spread it immediately before the Plonghing and Sowing And so to Plough it in For if you spread it long before the Sunne will draw out much of the Fatnesse of the Dung If the Ground be Grazing Ground to spread it somewhat late towards Winter That the Sunne may haue the lesse Power to dry it vp As for speciall Composts for Gardens as a Hot Bed c. we haue handled them before The Second Kind of Compost is the Spreading of diuers Kinds of Earths As Marle Chalke Sea-Sand Earth vpon Earth Pond-Earth And the Mixtures of them Marle is thought to be the best As hauing most Fatnesse And not Heating the Ground too much The next is Sea-Sand Which no doubt obtaineth a speciall Vertue by the Salt For Salt is the first Rudiment of life Chalke ouer heateth the Ground a little And therfore is best vpon Gold Clay-Grounds or Moist Grounds But I heard a great Husband say that it was a common Errour to thinke that Chalke helpeth Arable Grounds but helpeth not Grazing Grounds Wheras indeed it helpeth Grasse as well as Corne But that which breedeth the Errour is because after the Chalking of the Ground they weare it out with many Crops without Rest And then indeed afterwards it will beare little Grasse because the Gound is tired out It were good to try the laying of Chalke vpon Arable Grounds a little while before Ploughing And to Plough it in as they doe the Dung But then it must be Friable first by Raine or Lying As for Earth it Copasseth it Selfe For I knew a Great Garden that had a Field in a manner powred vpon it And it did beare Fruit excellently the first yeare of the Planting For the Surface of the Earth is cuer the Fruitfullest And Earth so prepared hath a double Surface But it is true as I coÌ„â—eiue that such Earth as hath Salt-Petre bred in it if you can procure it without too much charge doth excell The way to hasten the Breeding of Salt-Petre is to forbid the Sunne and the Growth of Vegetables And therefore if you make a large Houell thatched ouer some Quantity of Ground Nay if you doe but Plancke the Ground ouer it will breed Salt-petre As for pond-Pond-Earth or river-Riuer-Earth it is a very good Compost Especially if the Pond haue beene long vncleansed and so the Water be not too Hungry And I iudge it will be yet better if there be some Mixture of Chalke The Third Helpe of Ground is by some other Substances that haue a Vertue to make Ground Fertile though they be not meerely Earth wherin Ashes excell In so much as the Countries about AEtna and Vesuuius haue a kinde of Amends made them for the Mischiefe the Eruptions many times doe by the exceeding Fruit fulnesse of the Soyle caused by the Ashes scattered about Soot also though thinne spred in a Field or Garden is tried to be a very good Compost For Salt it is too Costly But it is tryed that mingled with Seed-Corne and sowen together it doth good And I am of Opinion that Chalke in Powder mingled with Seed-Corne would doe good Perhaps as much as Chalking the Ground all ouer As for the Steeping of the Seeds in seuerall Mixtures with Water to giue them Vigour Or Watring Grounds with Compost-Water We haue spoken of them before The Fourth Helpe of Ground is the Suffering of Vegetables to dye into the Ground And so to Fatten it As the Stubble of Corne Especially PeaseBrakes cast vpon the Ground in the Beginning of Winter will make it very Fruitfull It were good also to try whether Leaues of Trees swept together with some Chalke and Dung mixed to giue them more Heart would not make a good Compost For there is nothing lost so much as Leaues of Trees And as they lye scattered and without Mixture they rather make the Ground soure than otherwise The Fifth Helpe of Ground is Heat and Warmth It hath beene anciâ—â—â—â—â— practised to burne Heath and Ling and Sedge with the vantage of 〈◊〉 Wind vpon the Ground Wee see that Warmth of Walls and Encloâ—â—â—es mendeth Ground We see also that Lying open to the South menâ—â—th Ground We see againe that the Foldings of Sheepe helpe Ground 〈…〉 ll by their Warmth as by their Compost And it may be doubted â—â—â—ther the Couering of the Ground with Brakes in the Beginning of the Winter where of we spake in the last Experiment helpeth it not by reasoâ— of the Warmth Nay some very good Husbands doe suspect that the Gathering vp of Flints in Flinty Ground and Laying them on Heapes which is much vsed is no good Husbandry For that they would keep the Ground Warme The
Of all Blants it boweth the easiest and riseth againe It seemeth that amongst Plants which are nourished with Mixture of Earth and Water it draweth most Nourishment from Water which maketh it the Smoothest of all others in Barke And the Hollowest in Body The Sap of Trees when they are let Bloud is of differing Natures Some more Watry and Cleare As that of Vines of Beeches of Peares Some Thicke As Apples Some Gummis As Cherries Some Frathie As Elmes Some Milkie As â—â—â— In Mulberries the Sap seemeth to be almost towards the Barke only For if you cut the Tree a little into the Barke with a Stone it will come forth If you pierce it deeper with a Toole it will be drie The Trees which haue the Moistest Iuyces in their Fruit. haue commonly the Moistest Sap in their Body For the Vines and Peares are very Moist Apples somes hat more Spongie The Milke of the Figge hath the Qualitie of the Râ—â—neaâ— to gather Cheese And so haue certaine Sonre Herbs wherewith they make Cheese in Lent The Timber and Wood are in some Trees more Cleane in some more Knâ—â—tie And it is a good Triall to trie it by Speaking at one End and Laying the â—are at the Other For if it he Knâ—â—tie the Voice will not passe well Some haue the Veines more varied and chamlotted As Oake whereof Wainscat it made Maple whereof Trenchers are made Some more smooth as Firre and Walnnt Some doe more easily breed Wormes and Spiders Some more hardly as it is said of Irish Trees Besides there be a Number of Differences that concerne their Vse As Oake Cedar and Chesuâ—t are the best Builders Some are best for Ploughs Timber As Ash Some for Peeres that are sometimes wet and sometimes drie As Elme Some for Planchers As Deale Some for Tables Cupboard and Desks As Wannts Some for Ship Timber As Oakes that grow in Moist Grounds For that maketh the Timber Tough and not apt to rift with Qâ—dâ—anâ—â— Where in English and Irish Timber are thought â—â— excell Some for Mosts of Ships As Firre and Pine because of their Length Straightnesse and Lightnesse Some for Pale As Oake Some for Fuell As Ash And so of the rest The Comming of Trees and Plants in certaine Regions and net in others is sometimes Casuall For many haue beene translated and haue prospered well As Damaske-Roses that haue not beene knowne in England aboue an hundred yeares and now are so common But the liking of Plants in certaine Soiles more than in others is meerly Naturall As the Firre and Pine loue the Mountaines The Poplar Willow Sallow and Alder loue Riuers and Moist Places The Ash loueth Coppices But is best in Standards alone luniper loueth Chalke And so doe most Fruit-Trees Sampire groweth but upon Rocks Reeds and Ofiers grow where they are washed with Water The Vine loueth Sides of Hills turning vpon the South-East Sun c. The Putting forth of certaine Herbs discouereth of what Nature the Ground where they put forth is As Wilde Thyme sheweth good Feeding Ground for Cattell Betony and Strawberries shew Grounds fit for Wood Caâ—â—â—mill sheweth Mellow Grounds fit for Wheat Mustard Seede growing after the Plough sheweth a good Strong Ground also for Wheat Burnet sheweth good Meadow And the like There are found in diuers Countries some other Plants that grow out of Trees and Plants besides Misseltes As in Syria there is an Herbe called Cassytas that groweth out of tall Trees and windeth it selfe about the same Tree where it groweth And sometimes about Thornes There is a kinde of Polypode that groweth out of Trees though it windeth not So likewise an Herbe called Fannes vpon the Wilde Oline And an Herbe called Hippophaâ—â—â—â— vpon the Fullers Thorne Which they say is good for the Falling Sicknesse It hath beene obâ—rerueâ— by â—ome or the Ancients that howsoeuer Cold and Easterly Winds are thought to be great Enemies to Fruit yet neuerthelesse South Winds are also found to doe Hure Especially in the Blossoming time And the more if Showers follow It seemeth they call forth the Moisture too fast The West Winds are the best It hath beene obserued also that Greene and Open Winters doe hurt Trees Insomuch as if two or three such Winters come together Almond-Trees and some other Trees will dye The Cause is the same with the former because the Lust of the Earth ouerspendeth it selfe Howsoeuer some other of the Ancients haue commended Warme Winters Snowes lying long cause a Fruitfull Yeare For first they keepe in the Strength of the Earth Secondly they water the Earth better than Raine For in Snow the Earth doth as it were sucke the Water as out of the Teate Thirdly the Moisture of Snow is the finest Moisture For it is the Froth of the Cloudy Waters Showers if they come a little before the Ripening of Fruits doe good to all Shoculent and Moist Fruits As Vines Oliues Pomegranates Yet it is rather for Plenty than for Goodnesse For the best Wines are in the Driest Vintages Small Showers are likewise good for Corne so as Parching Heats come not vpon them Generally Night-Showers are better than Day-Showers For that the Sunne followeth not so fast vpon them And we see euen in Watring by the Hand it is best in Summer time to water in the Euening The Differences of Earths and the Triall of them are worthy to be diligently inquired The Earth that with Showers doth easiliest Soften is commended And yet some Earth of that kinde will be very Dry and Hard before the Showers The Earth that casteth vp from the Plough a Great Clod is not so good as that which casteth vp a Smaller Clod. The Earth that putteth forth Mosse easily and may bee called Mouldy is not good The Earth that smelleth well vpon the Digging or Ploughing is commended As containing the Iuyce of Vegetables almost already prepared It is thought by some that the Ends of low Raine-Bowes fall more vpon one kinde of Earth than vpon another As it may well be For that that Earth is most Roscide And therfore it is commended for a Signe of good Earth The Poorenesse of the Herbs it is plaine shew the Poorenesse of the Earth And especially if they be in Colour more darke But if the Herbs shew Withered or Blasted at the Top it sheweth the Earth to be very Cold And so doth the Mossinesse of Trees The Earth whereof the Grasse is soone Parched with the Sun and Toasted is commonly Forced Earth and Barren in his owne Nature The Tender Chessoine and Mellow Earth is the best Being meere Mould betweene the two Extreames of Clay and Sand Especially if it be not Loamy and Binding The Earth that after Raine will scarce be Ploughed is commonly Fruitfull For it is Cleaning and full of Iuyce It is strange which is obserued by some of the Ancients that Dust helpeth the Fruitfulnesse of Trees And of Vines by name Insomuch as they catt Dust vpon them of purpose It should seeme that that
may be many Deawes fall that spend before they come to the Valleys And I suppose that he that would gather the best May-Deaw for Medicine should gather it from the Hills It is said they haue a manner to prepare their Greeke-Wines to keepe them from Fuming and Inebriating by adding some Sulphur or Allome Whereof the one is Vnctnous and the other is Astringent And certaine it is that those two Natures doe best represse Fumes This Experiment would be transferred vnto other Wine and Strong Beere by Putting in some like Substances while they worke Which may make them both to Fume lesse and to Inflame lesse It is conceiued by some not improbably that the reason why Wilde-Fires Whereof the principall Ingredient is Bitumen doe not quench with Water is for that the first Concretion of Bitumen is a Mixture of a Fiery and Watry Substance So is not Sulphur This appeareth for that in the Place neare Puteoli which they call the Court of Valcan you shall heare vnder the Earth a Horrible Thundring of Fire and Water conflicting together And there breake forth also Spouts of Boyling Water Now that Place yeeldeth great Quantities of Bitumen Whereas AEtna and Vesuuius and the like which consist vpon Sulphur shoot forth Smoake and Ashes and Pumice but no Water It is reported also that Bitumen Mingled with Lime and Put vnder Water will make as it were an Artificiall Rocke The Substance becommeth so Hard. There is a Cement compounded of Floure Whites of Egges and Stone powdred that becommeth Hard as Marble wherewith Piscina mirabilis neare Cuma is said to haue the Walls Plastered And it is certaine and tried that the Powder of Load-Stone and Flint by the Addition of Whites of Egges and Gumm-Dragon made into Paste will in a few dayes harden to the Hardnesse of a Stone It hath beene noted by the Ancients that in Full or Impure Bodies Vlcers or Hurts in the Leggs are Hard to Cure And in the Head more Easie. The Cause is for that Vlcers or Hurts in the Leggs require Deficcation which by the Defluxion of Humours to the Lower Parts is hindred Whereas Hurts and Vlcers in the Head require it not But contrariwise Drinesse maketh them more apt to Consolidate And in Moderne Obseruation the like difference hath beene found betweene French-Men and English-Men Where of the ones Constitution is more Dry and the others more Moist And therefore a Hurt of the Head is harder to cure in a French-Man and of the Legge in an English-Man It hath beene noted by the Ancients that Southerne Winds blowing much without Raine doe cause a Feuourous Disposition of the Yeare But with Raine not The Cause is for that Southerne Winds doe of themselues qualifie the Aire to be apt to cause Feuers But when Showers are ioyned they doe Refrigerate in Part and Checke the Sultry Heat of the Southerne Wind. Therefore this holdeth not in the Sea-Coasts because the Vapour of the Sea without Showers doth refresh It hath beene noted by the Ancients that Wounds which are made with Brasse heale more easily than Wounds made with Iron The Cause is for that Brasse hath in it selfe a Sanatiue Vertue And so in the very Instant helpeth somewhat But Iron is Corrosiue and not Sanatiue And therefore it were good that the Instruments which are vsed by Chirurgians about Wounds were rather of Brasse than Iron In the Cold Countries when Mens Noses and Eares are Mortified and as it were Gangrened with Cold if they come to a Fire they rot off presently The Cause is for that the few Spirits that remaine in those Parts are suddenly drawne forth and so Putrefaction is made Compleat But Snow Put vpon them helpeth For that it preserueth those Spirits that remaine till they can reuiue And besides Snow hath in it a Secret Warmth As the Monke proued out of the Text Qui dat Niuem sicut Lanam Gelu sicut Cineres spargit Whereby he did inferre that Snow did warme like Wooll and Frost did fret like Ashes Warme Water also doth good Because by little and little it openeth the Pores without any sudden Working vpon the Spirits This Experiment may be transferred vnto the Cure of Gangrenes either Comming of themselues or induced by too much Applying of Opiates Wherein you must beware of Dry Heat and resort to Things that are Refrigerant with an Inward Warmth and Vertue of Cherishing Weigh Iron and Aqua Fortis seuerally Then dissolue the Iron in the Aqua Fortis And weigh the Dissolution And you shall finde it to beare as good Weight as the Bodies did seuerally Notwithstanding a good deale of Wast by a thicke Vapour that issueth during the Working Which sheweth that the Opening of a Body doth increase the Weight This was tried once or twice but I know not whether there were any Errour in the Triall Take of Aqua-Fortis two Ounces of Quick-siluer two Drachmes For that Charge the Aqua-Fortis will beare The Dissolution will not beare a Flint as big as a Nutmeg Yet no doubt the Increasing of the Weight of Water will increase his Power of Bearing As we see Broine when it is Salt enough will beare an Egge And I remember well a Physitian that vsed to giue some Minerall Baths for the Gout c. And the Body when it was put into the Bath could not get downe so easily as in Ordinary Water But it seemeth the Weight of the Quick-siluer more than the Weight of a Stone doth not compense the Weight of a Stone more than the Weight of the Aqua-Fortis Let there be a Body of Vnequall Weight As of Wood and Lead or Bone and Lead If you throw it from you with the Light-End forward it will turne and the Weightier End will recouer to be Forwards Vnlesse the Body be Ouer-long The Cause is for that the more Dense Body hath a more Violent Pressure of the Parts from the first Impulsion Which is the Cause though heretofore not found out as hath been often said of all Violent Motions And when the Hinder Part moueth swifter for that it lesse endureth Pressure of Parts than the Forward Part can make way for it it must needs be that the Body turne ouer For turned it can more easily draw forward the Lighter Part. Gaâ—â—laeus noteth it well That if an Open Trough wherein Water is be driuen faster than the Water can follow the Water gathereth vpon an heape towards the Hinder End where the Motion began Which he supposeth holding confidently the Motion of the Earth to be the Cause of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Ocean Because the Earth ouer-runneth the Water Which Theory though it be false yet the first Experiment is true As for the Inequality of the Pressure of Parts it appeareth manifestly in this That if you take a Body of Stone or Iron and another of Wood of the same Magnitude and Shape and throw them with equall Force you cannot possibly throw the
hath lesse being many wayes corrected And this Experiment would be made about the End of March For that Season is likest to discouer what the Winter hath done And what the Summer following will doe vpon the Aire And because the Aire no doubt receiueth great Tincture and Infusion from the Earth It were good to trie that Exposing of Flesh or Fish both vpon a Stake of Wood some heighth aboue the Earth and vpon the Flat of the Earth Take May-Dew and see whether it putrifie quickly or no For that likewise may disclose the Qualitie of the Aire and Vapour of the Earth more or lesse Corrupted A Drie March and a Drie May portend a Wholesome Summer if there be a Showring Aprill betweene But otherwise it is a Signe of a Pestilentiall Yeare As the Discouerie of the Disposition of the Aire is good for the Prognosticks of Wholesome and Vnwholesome Yeares So it is of much more vse for the Choice of Places to dwell in At the least for Lodges and Retiring Places for Health For Mansion Houses respect Prouisions as well as Health Wherein the Experiments aboue mentioned may serue But for the Choice of Places or Seats it is good to make Triall not only of Aptnesse of Aire to corrupt but also of the Moisture and Drinesse of the Aire and the Temper of it in Heat or Cold For that may concerne Health diuersly Wee see that there be some Houses wherein Sweet Meats will relent and Baked Meats will mould more than in others And Wainscoats will also sweat more so that they will almost run with Water All which no doubt are caused chiefly by the Moistnesse of the Aire in those Seats But because it is better to know it before a Man buildeth his House than to finde it after take the Experiments following Lay Wooll or a Sponge or Bread in the Place you would trie comparing it with some other Places And see whether it doth not moisten and make the Wooll or Sponge c. more Ponderous than the other And if it doe you may iudge of that Place as Situate in a Grosse and Moist Aire Because it is certaine that in some Places either by the Nature of the Earth or by the Situation of Woods and Hills the Aire is more Vnequall than in Others and Inequalitie of Aire is euer an Enemy to Health It were good to take two Weather-Glasses Matches in all things and to set them for the same Houres of One day in seuerall Places where no Shade is nor Enclosures And to marke when you set them how farre the Water commeth And to compare them when you come againe how the Water standeth then And if you finde them Vnequall you may be sure that the Place where the Water is lowest is in the Warmer Aire and the other in the Colder And the greater the Inequalitie be of the Ascent or Descent of the Water the greater is the Inequalitie of the Temper of the Aire The Predictions likewise of Cold and Long Winters and Hot and Drie Summers are good to be knowne As well for the Discouerie of the Causes as for diuers Prouisions That of Plenty of Hawes and Heps and Briar-Berries hath beene spoken of before If Wainscast or Stone that haue vsed to Sweat be more drie in the Beginning of Winter Or the Drops of the Eaues of Houses come more slowly downe than they vse it portendeth a Hard and Frostie Winter The Cause is for that it sheweth an Inclination of the Aire to Drie Weather which in Winter is euer ioyned with Frost Generally a Moist and Coole Summer portendeth a Hard Winter The Cause is for that the Vapours of the Earth are not dissipated in the Summer by the Sunne And so they rebound vpon the Winter A Hot and Drie Summer and Autumne and especially if the Heat and Drought extend farre into September portendeth an Open Beginning of Winter And Colds to succeed toward the latter Part of the Winter and the Beginning of the Spring For till then the former Heat and Drought beare the Sway And the Vapours are not sufficiently Multiplied An Open and Warme Winter portendeth a Hot and Drie Summer For the Vapours disperse into the Winter Showres Whereas Cold and Frost keepeth them in and transporteth them into the late Spring and Summer following Birds that vse to change Countries at certaine Seasons if they come Earlier doe shew the Temperature of Weather according to that Country whence they came As the Winter-Birds namely Woodcocks Feldefares c. if they come earlier and out of the Northerne Countries with vs shew Cold Winters And if it be in the same Country then they shew a Temperature of Season like vnto that Season in which they come As swallowes Bats Cuckooes c. that come towards Summer if they come early shew a Hot Summer to follow The Prognosticks more Immediate of Weather to follow soone after are more Certaine than those of Seasons The Resounding of the Sea vpon the Shoare And the Murmur of Winds in the Woods without apparent Wind shew Wind to follow For such Winds breathing chiefly out of the Earth are not at the first perceiued except they be pent by Water or Wood. And therefore a Murmur out of Caues likewise portendeth as much The Vpper Regions of the Aire perceiue the Collection of the Matter of Tempest and Winds before the Aire here below And therefore the Obscuring of the Smaller Starres is is a Signe of Tempests following And of this kinde you shall finde a Number of Instances in our Inquisition De Ventis Great Mountaines haue a Perception of the Disposition of the Aire to Tempests sooner than the Valley's or Plaines below And therefore they say in Wales when certaine Hills haue their Night-Cups on they meane Mischiefe The Cause is for that Tempests which are for the most part bred aboue in the Middle Region as they call it are soonest perceiued to collect in the Places next it The Aire and Fire haue Subtill Perceptions of Wind Rising before Men finde it Wee see the Trembling of a Candle will discouer a Wind that otherwise wee doe not feele And the Flexuous Burning of Flames doth shew the Aire beginneth to be vnquiet And so doe Coales of Fire by Casting off the Ashes more than they vse The Cause is for that no Wind at the first till it hath strooke and driven the Aire is Apparent to the Sense But Flame is easier to moue than Aire And for the Ashes it is no maruell though Wind vnperceiued shake them off For wee vsually trie which way the Wind bloweth by casting vp Grasse or Chaffe or such light Things into the Aire When Wind expireth from vnder the Sea As it causeth some Resounding of the Water whereof wee spake before so it causeth some Light Motions of Bubbles and White Circles of Froth The Cause is for that the Wind cannot be perceiued by the Sense vntill there be an Eruption of a great Quantitie from vnder the Water And so it
saw him weare in the Chariott but in stead of his Gowne he had on him a Mantle with a Cape of the same fine Black fastned about him When we came in as we were taught we bowed Lowe at our first Entrance And when we were come neare his Chaire he stood vp holding forth his Hand vngloued and in Posture of Blessing And we euery one of vs stooped downe and kissed the Hemme of his Tippett That done the rest departed and I remayned Then hee warned the Pages forth of the Roome and caused mee to sit downe beside him and spake to me thus in the Spanish Tongue GOD blesse thee my Sonne I will giue thee the greatest Iewell I haue For I will impart vnto thee for the Loue of GOD and Men a Relation of the true State of Salomons House Sonne to make you know the true state of Salomons House I will keepe this order First I will set forth vnto you the End of our Foundation Secondly the Preparations and Instruments we haue for our Workes Thirdly the seuerall Employments and Functions wherto our Fellowes are assigned And fourthly the Ordinances and Rites which we obserue The End of our Foundation is the Knowledge of Causes and Secrett Motions of Things And the Enlarging of the bounds of Humane Empire to the Effecting of all Things possible The Preparations and Instruments are these We haue large and deepe Causes of seuerall Depths The deepest are sunke 600. Fathome And some of them are digged and made vnder great Hills and Mountaines So that if you reckon together the Depth of the Hill and the Depth of the Caue they are some of them aboue three Miles deepe For wee finde that the Depth of a Hill and the Depth of a Caue from the Flat is the same Thing Both remote alike from the Sunn and Heauens Beames and from the Open Aire These Caues we call the Lower Region And wee vse them for all Coagulations Indurations Refrigerations and Conseruations of Bodies We use them likewise for the Imitation of Naturall Mines And the Producing also of New Artificiall Mettalls by Compositions and Materialls which we vse and lay ther for many years Wee vse them also sometimes which may seeme strange for Curing of some Diseases and for Prolongation of Life in some Hermits that choose to liue ther well accommodated of all things necessarie and indeed liue very long By whom also we learne many things We haue Burialls in seuerall Earths wher we put diuerse Cements as the Chineses doe their Porcellane But we haue them in greater Varietie and some of them more fine We haue also great variety of Composts and Soiles for the Making of the Earth Fruitfull We haue High Towers The Highest about halfe a Mile in Heigth And some of them likewise set vpon High Mountaines So that the Vantage of the Hill with the Tower is in the highest of them three Miles at least And these Places wee call the Vpper Region Accounting the Aire betweene the High Places and the Lowe as a Middle Region VVee vse these Towers according to their seuerall Heights and Situations for Insolation Refrigeration Conseruation And for the View of diuers Meteors As Windes Raine Snow Haile And some of the Fiery Meteors also And vpon them in some Places are Dwellings of Hermits whom wee visit sometimes and instruct what to obserue We haue great Lakes both Salt and Fresh wherof we haue vse for the Fish and Fowle We vse them also for Burialls of some Naturall Bodies For we finde a Difference in Things buried in Earth or in Aire below the Earth and things buried Water VVe haue also Pooles of which some doe straine Fresh Water out of Salt And others by Art doe turne Fresh Water into Salt VVe haue also some Rocks in the Midst of the Sea And some Bayes vpon the Shore for some Works wherin is required the Ayre and Vapour of the Sea VVe haue likewise Violent Streames and Cataracts which serue vs for many Motions And likewise Engines for Multiplying and Enforcing of VVindes to set also on going diuerse Motions VVe haue also a Number of Artificiall VVels and Fountaines made in Imitation of the Naturall Sources and Baths As tincted vpon Vitrioll Sulphur Steele Brasse Lead Nitre and other Mineralls And againe wee haue little VVells for Infusions of many Things wher the VVaters take the Vertue quicker and better then in Vessels or Basins And amongst them we haue a VVater which wee call VVater of Paradise being by that we doe to it made very Soueraigne for Health and Prolongation of Life We haue also Great and Spatious Houses wher we imitate and demonstrate Meteors As Snow Haile Raine some Artificiall Raines of Bodies and not of VVater Thunders Lightnings Also Generations of Bodies in Aire As Froggs Flies and diuerse Others We haue also certaine Chambers which wee call Chambers of Health wher wee qualifie the Aire as we thinke good and proper for the Cure of diuerse Diseases and Preseruation of Health We haue also faire and large Baths of seuerall Mixtures for the Cure of Diseases and the Restoring of Mans Body from Arefaction And Others for the Confirming of it in Strength of Sinnewes Vitall Parts and the very Iuyce and Substance of the Body We haue also large and various Orchards and Gardens Wherin we do not so much respect Beauty as Variety of Ground and Soyle proper for diuerse Trees and Herbs And some very spatious wher Trees and Berries are set wherof we make diuerse Kinds of Drinks besides the Vine-yards In these wee practise likewise all Conclusions of Grafting and Inoculating as well of VVilde-Trees as Fruit-Trees which produceth many Effects And we make by Art in the same Orchards and Gardens Trees and Flowers to come earlier or later then their Seasons And to come vp and beare more speedily then by their Naturall Course they doe We make them also by Art greater much then their Nature And their Fruit greater and sweeter and of differing Tast Smell Colour and Figure from their Nature And many of them we so Order as they become of Medicinall Vse Wee haue also Meanes to make diuerse Plants rise by Mixtures of Earths without Seedes And likewise to make diuerse New Plants differing from the Vulgar and to make one Tree or Plant turne into another We haue also Parks and Enclosures of all Sorts of Beasts and Birds which wee vse not onely for View or Rarenesse but likewise for Dissections and Trialls That therby we may take light what may be wrought vpon the Body of Man Wherin we finde many strange Effects As Continuing Life in them though diuerse Parts which you acount Vitall be perished and taken forth Resussitating of some that seeme Dead in Appearance And the like We try also all Poysons and other Medicines vpon them as well of Chyrurgery as Phisicke By Art likewise we make them Greater or Taller then their Kinde is And contrary-wise Dwarfe them and stay their Grouth Wee make them more
the first lay looser and the latter lay deeper So that if you infuse Rubarb for an houre and crush it well it will purge better and binde the Body lesse after the purging then if it stood twenty foure houres This is tried But I conceiue likewise that by Repeating the Infusion of Rubarb seuerall times as was said of Violetts letting each stay in but a small time you may make it as strong a Purging Medecine as Scammony And it is not a small thing wonn in Phisick if you can make Rubarb and other Medecines that are Benedict as strong Purgers as those that are not without some Malignity Purging Medecines for the most part haue their Purgatine Vertue in a fine Spirit As appeareth by that they indure not boiling without much losse of vertue And therfore it is of good vse in Phisick if you can retaine the Purging Vertue and take away the Vnpleasant tast of the Purger which it is like you may doe by this Course of Infusing oft with little stay For it is probable that the Horrible and Odious Tast is in the Grosser part Generally the working by Infusions is grosse and blinde except you first try the Issuing of the seuerall Parts of the Body which of them Issue more speedily and which more slowly And so by apportioning the time can take and leaue that Quality which you desire This to know ther be two waies The one to try what long stay and what short stay worketh as hath been said The other to try in Order the succeding Infusions of one and the same Body successiuely in seuerall Liquors As for example Take Orenge-Pills or Rose-Mary or Cinnamon or what you will And let them Infuse halfe an houre in VVater Then take them out and Infuse them againe in other VVater And so the third time And then tast and consider the First water the Second and the Third And you will find them differing not only in Strength and Weaknes but otherwise in Tast or Odour For it may bee the First water will haue more of the Sent as more Fragrant And the Second more of the Tast as more bitter or Biting c. Infusions in Aire for so we may well call Odours haue the same diuersities with Infusions in VVater In that the seuerall Odours which are in one Flower or other Body issue at seuerall times Some earlier some later So we finde that Violetts Woodbines Strawberries yield a pleasing Sent that commeth forth first But soone after an ill Sent quite differing from the Former Which is caused not so much by Mellowing as by the late Issuing of the Grosser Spirit As we may desire to extract the finest Spirits in some Cases So we may desire also to discharge them as hurtfull in some other So VVine burnt by reason of the Evaporating of the finer Spirit enslameth lesse and is best in Agues Opium leeseth some of his poisonous Quallity if it be vapoured out mingled with Spirit of Wine or the like Sean leeseth somewhat of his windines by Decocting And generally subtile or windy Spirits are taken off by Incension or Evaporation And euen in Infusions in things that are of too high a Spirit you were better poure off the first Infusion after a small time and vse the latter BVbbles are in the forme of a Hemisphere Aire within and a little Skin of VVater without And it seemeth somewhat strange that the Aire should rise so swiftly while it is in the VVater And when it commeth to the topp should be staid by so weake a Couer as that of the Bubble is But as for the swift Ascent of the Aire while is vnder the VVater that is a Motion of Percussion from the VVater which it selfe descending driueth vpp the Aire and no Motion of Leuity in the Aire And this Democritus called Motus Plaga In this Common Experiment the Cause of the Enclosure of the Bubble is for that the Appetite to resist Separation or Discontinuance which in solide Bodies is strong is also in Liquours though fainter and weaker As wee see in this of the Bubble we see it also in little Glasses of Spittle that children make of Rushes And in Castles of Bubbles which they make by blowing into water hauing obtained a little Degree of Tenacity by Mixture of Soape Wee see it also in the Stillicides of water which if ther be water enough to follow will Drawe themselues into a small thredd because they will not discontinue But if ther be no Remedy then they cast themselues into round Dropps which is the Figure that saueth the Body most from Discontinuance The same Reason is of the Roundnes of the Bubble as well for the Skin of water as for the Aire within For the Aire likewise auoideth Discontinuance And therfore casteth it self into a Round Figure And for the stopp and Arrest of the Aire a little while it sheweth that the Aire of it selfe hath little or no Appetite of Ascending THE Reiection which I continually vse of Experiments though it appeareth not is infinit But yet if an Experiment be probable in the Worke and of great Vse I receyue it but deliuer it as doubtfull It was reported by a Sober Man that an Artificiall Spring may be made thus Finde out a hanging Ground wher ther is a good quick Fall of Raine-water Lay a Half-Trough of Stone of a good length 3. or 4. foote deep within the same Ground with one end vpon the high Ground the other vpon the lowe Couer the Trough with Brakes a good thicknes and cast Sand vpon the Topp of the Brakes You shall see saith he that after some showers are past the lower End of the Trough will runn like a Spring of water which is no maruaile if it hold while the Raine-water lasteth But he said it would continue long time after the Raine is past As if the water did multiply it self vpon the Aire by the helpe of the Coldnesse and Condensation of the Earth and the Consort of the first Water THE French which put off the Name of the French Disease vnto the Name of the Disease of Naples doe report that at the Siege of Naples ther were certaine wicked Merchants that Barrelled vpp Mans flesh of some that had been lately slaine in Barbary and sold it for Tunny And that vpon that foule and high Nourishment was the Originall of that Disease Which may well be For that it is certaine that the Caniballs in the West Indies eate Mans flesh And the West Indies were full of the Pockes when they were first discouered And at this day the Mortallest poisons practised by the West Indians haue some Mixture of the Bloud or Fatt or Flesh of Man And diuers Witches and Sorceresles aswell amongst the Heathen as amongst the Christians haue fedd vpon Mans flesh to aid as it seemeth their Imagination with High and foule Vapours IT seemeth that ther be these waies in likelihood of Version of Vapours or Aire into Water and Moisture
such as haue some Degree of Heat For the Banishing of the Heat must needs leaue any Body Cold. This we see in the Operation of Opium and Stupefactiues vpon the Spirits of liuing Creatures And it were not amisse to trie Opium by laying it vpon the Top of a Weather-glasse to see whether it will contract the Aire But I doubt it will not succeed For besides that the vertue of Opium will hardly penetrate thorow such a Body as Glasse I conceiue that Opium and the like make the Spirits fly rather by Malignity then by Cold. Seuenthly the same Effect must follow vpon the Exhaling or Drawing out of the warme Spirits that doth vpon the Flight of the Spirits There is an Opinion that the Moone is Magneticall of Heat as the Sun is of Cold and Moisture It were not amisse therefore to trie it with Warme waters The one exposed to the Beames of the Moone the other with some Skreene betwixt the Beames of the Moone and the water As we vse to the Sunne for Shade And to see whether the former will coole sooner And it were also good to inquire what other Meanes there may be to draw forth the Exile heat which is in the Aire for that may be a Secret of great Power to Produce Cold weather We haue formerly set downe the Meanes of turning Aire into water in the Experiment 27. But because it is Magnale Nature And tendeth to the subduing of a very great effect And is also of Manifold vse we will adde some Instances in Consort that giue light thereunto It is reported by some of the Ancients that Sailers haue vsed euery Night to hang Fleeces of wooll on the sides of their Ships the Wooll towards the water And that they haue crushed fresh Water out of them in the Morning for their vse And thus much we haue tried that a Quantitie of Wooll tied loose together being let downe into a deepe Well And hanging in the Middle some three Fathome from the water for a night in the Winter time increased in weight as I now remember to a fifth Part. It is reported by one of the Ancients that in Lydia neare Pergamus there were certaine Worke-men in time of Warres fled into Caues And the Mouth of the Caues being stopped by the Enemies they were famished But long time after the dead Bones were found And some Vessels which they had carried with them And the vessels full of Water And that Water thicker and more towards Ice than Common Water which is a Notable Instance of Condensation and Induration by Buriall under Earth in Caues for long time And of version also as it should seeme of Aire into Water if any of those vessels were Emptie Trie therefore a small Bladder hung in Snow And the like in Nitre And the like in Quick-filuer And if you finde the Bladders fallen or shrunke you may be sure the Aire is condensed by the Cold of those Bodies As it would be in a Caue vnder Earth It is reported of very good credit that in the East Indies if you set a Tub of Water open in a Roome where Cloues are kept it will be drawne dry in 24 houres Though it stand at some distance from the Cloues In the Countrey they vse many times in deceit when their wooll is new shorne to set some Pailes of water by in the same Roome to increase the weight of the wooll But it may be that the Heat of the Wooll remaining from the body of the Sheepe or the Heat gathered by the lying close of the wooll helpeth to draw the watry Vapour But that is nothing to the Version It is Reported also credibly that Wooll new shorne being laid casually vpon a Vessell of Verinyce after some time had drunke vp a great part of the Veriuyce though the Vessell were whole without any Flaw and had not the Bung-hole open In this Instance there is vpon the by to be noted the Percolation or Suing of the Veriuyce through the wood For Veriuyce of it selfe would neuer haue passed thorow the wood So as it seemeth it must be first in a kinde of Vapour before it passe It is especially to be noted that the Cause that doth facilitate the Version of Aire into water when the Aire is not in grosse but subtilly mingled with Tangible Bodies is as hath beene partly touched before for that Tangible Bodies haue an Antipathy with Aire And if they finde and Liquid Body that is more dense neare them they will draw it And after they haue drawne it they will condense it more and in effect incorporate it For wee see that a Spunge or Wooll or Sugar or a Woollen cloth being put but in part in Water or Wine will draw the Liquour higher and beyond the place where the Water or wine commeth We see also that Wood Lute-strings and the like doe swell in moist Seasons As appeareth by the Breaking of the Strings the Hard Turning of the Pegs and the Hard drawing forth of Boxes and Opening of Wainseet deeres which is a kinde of Infusion And is much like to an Infusion in water which will make wood to swell As we see in the Filling of the Chops of Boules by laying them in water But for that part of these Experiments which concerneth Attraction we will reserue it to the proper Title of Attraction There is also a Version of Aire into water seene in the Sweating of Marbles and other Stones And of Wainsces before and in moist weather This must be either by some Moisture the Body yeeldeth Or else by the Moist Aire thickned against the hard body But it is plaine that it is the latter For that we see Wood painted with Oyle Colour will sooner gather drops in a moist Night than Wood alone which is caused by the Smoothnesse and Closenesse which letteth in no part of the Vapour and so turneth it backe and thickeneth it into Dew We see also that Breathing vpon a Glasse or Smooth body giueth a Dew And in Frosty Mornings such as we call Rime frosts you shall finde drops of Dew vpon the Inside of Glasse-windowes And the Frost it selfe vpon the ground is but a Version or Condensation of the Moist vapours of the Night into a watry substance Dewes likewise and Raine are but the Returnes of Moist vapours Condensed The Dew by the Cold onely of the Sunnes departure which is the gentler Cold Raines by the Cold of that which they call the Middle Region of the Aire which is the more violent Cold. It is very probable as hath beene touched that that which will turne Water into Ice will likewise turne Aire Some Degree nearer vnto water Therefore trie the Experiment of the Artificiall Turning water into Ice whereof we shall speake in another place with Aire in place of water and the Ice about it And although it be a greater Alteration to turne Aire into water than water into Ice yet there is this Hope that by Continuing the Aire longer time
the effect will follow For that Artificiall Conuersion of water into Ice is the worke of a few Houres And this of Aire may be tried by a Moneths space or the like Induration or Lapidification of Substances more Soft is likewise another degree of Condensation And is a great Alteration in Nature The Effecting and Accelerating thereof is very worthy to be inquired It is effected by three Meanes The first is by Cold vvhose Property is to Condense and constipate as hath beene said The Second is by Heat which is not proper but by consequence For the Heat doth attenuate And by Attenuation doth send forth the Spirit and moister Part of a Body And vpon that the more grosse of the Tangible Parts doe contract and serre themselues together Both to Auoid Vacuums as they call it And also to Munite themselues against the Force of the Fire which they haue suffered And the Third is by Assimilation when a Hard Body Assimilateth a Soft being contiguous to it The Examples of Induration taking them promiscuously are many As the Generation of Stones within the Earth which at the first are but Rude Earth or Clay And so of Mineralls which come no doubt at first of luyces Concrete which afterward indurate And so of Porcellane which is an Artificiall Cement buried in the Earth a long time And so the Making of Bricke and Tile Also the Making of Glasse of a certaine Sand and Brake-Roots and some other Matters Also the Exudations of Rock-Diamonds and Crystall which harden with time Also the Induration of Bead-Amber which at first is a soft Substance As appeareth by the Flies and Spiders which are found in it And many more But wee will speake of them distinctly For Indurations by Cold there bee few Trialls of it For wee haue no strong or intense Cold here on the Surface of the Earth so neare the Beames of the Sunne and the Heauens The likeliest Triall is by Snow and Ice For as Snow and Ice especially being holpen and their Cold actiuated by Nitre or Salt will turne Water into Ice and that in a few houres So it may be it will turne wood or Stiffe Clay into Stone in longer time Put therefore into a Conseruing Pit of Snow and Ice adding some quantity of Salt and Nitre a Peece of Wood or a Peece of Tough Clay and let it lye a Moneth or more Another Triall is by Metalline Waters which haue virtuall Cold in them Put therefore Wood or Clay into Smiths water or other Metalline water And try whether it will not harden in some reasonable time But I vnderstand it of Metalline waters that come by Washing or Quenching And not of Strong Waters that come by dissolution for they are too Corrosiue to consolidate It is already found that there are some Naturall Spring-waters that will Inlapidate Wood So as you shall see one peece of Wood whereof the Part aboue the Water shall continue Wood And the Part vnder the Water shall be turned into a kinde of Grauelly Stons It is likely those Waters are of some Metalline Mixture But there would be more particular Inquiry made of them It is certaine that an Egge was found hauing lien many yeeres in the bottome of a Moate where the Earth had somewhat ouergrowen it And this Egge was comen to the Hardnesse of a Stone And had the Colours of the white and Yolke perfect And the Shell shining in small graines like Sugar or Alablaster Another Experience there is of Induration by Cold which is already found which is that Metalls themselues are hardned by often Heating and Quenching in Cold Water For Cold euer worketh most potently vpon Heat Precedene For Induration by Heat it must be considered that Heat by the Exhaling of the Moister Parts doth either harden the Body As in Bricks Tiles Or if the Heat be more fierce maketh the grosser part it selfe Runne and Melt As in the making of ordinary Glosse And in the Vitrification of Earth As wee see in the Inner Parts of Farneces And in the Vitrification of Brick And of Mettals And in the former of these which is the Hardening by baking without Melting the Heat hath these degrees First it Indurateth and then maketh Fragile And lastly it doth Inciuerate and Calcinate But if you desire to make an Induration with Toughnesse and lesse Fragility A middle way would be taken Which is that which Artistotle hath well noted But would be throughly verified It is to decoct Bodies in water for two or three dayes But they must bee such Bodies into which the Water will not enter As Stone and Metall For if they be Bodies into which the Water will enter then long Seething will rather Soften than indurate them As hath beene tried in Eggs c. Therefore Softer Bodies must be put into Bottles And the Bottles hung into Water seething with the mouths open aboue the Water that no Water may get in For by this Meaues the virtuall Heat of the Water will enter And such a Heat as will not make the Body adust or fragile But the Substance of the Water will be shut out This Experiment wee made And it sorted thus It was tried with a Peece of Free-stone and with Pewter put into the Water at large The Free-stone we found receiued in some water For it was softer and easier to scrape then a peece of the same Stone kept drie But the Pewter into which no water could enter became more white and liker to Siluer and lesse flexible by much There were also put into an Earthen Bottle placed as before a good Pellet of Clay a Peece of Cheese a Peece of Chalke and a Peece of Free-stone The Clay came forth almost of the Hardnesse of Stone The Cheese likewise very hard and not well to be cut The Chalke and the Free-stone much harder than they were The colour of the Clay inclined not a whit to the Colour of Bricke but rather to white as in ordinary Drying by the Sunne Note that all the former Trialls were made by a Boyling vpon a good hot Fire renewing the water as it consumed with other hot water But the Boyling was but for twelue houres onely And it is like that the Experiment would haue beene more effectuall if the Boyling had beene for two or three daies as we prescribed before As touching Assimilation for there is a degree of Assimilation euen in Inanimate bodies wee see Examples of it in some Stones in Clay-Grounds lying neare to the top of the Earth where Pebble is In which you may manifestly see diuers Pebbles gathered together and a Crust of Cement or Stone betweene them as hard as the Pebbles themselues And it were good to make a Triall of purpose by taking Clay and putting in it diuers Pebble-Stones thicke set to see whether in continuance of time it will not be harder then other Clay of the same lump in which no Pebbles are set Wee see also in Ruines of old Walls especially towards
of Beere or Ale while it is New and full of Spirit so that it spirteth when the Stopple is taken forth maketh the Drinke more quicke and windie A Pan of Coales in the Cellar doth likewise good and maketh the Drinke worke againe New Drinke put to Drinke that is Dead prouoketh it to worke againe Nay which is more as some affirme A Brewing of New Beere set by Old Beere maketh it worke againe It were good also to Enforce the Spirits by some Mixtures that may excite and quicken them As by Putting into the Bottles Nitre Chalke Lime c. We see Creame is Matured and made to rise more speedily by Putting in Cold Water which as it seemeth getteth downe the Whey It is tried that the Burying of Bottles of Drinke well stopped either in drie Earth a good depth Or in the Bottome of a Well within Water And best of all the Hanging of them in a deepe Well somewhat aboue the Water for some forthnights space is an Excellent Meanes of making Drink fresh and quicke for the Cold doth not cause my Exhaling of the Spirits at all As Heat doth though it rarifieth the rest that remaine But Cold maketh the Spirits vigorous and irritateth them whereby they Incorporate the Parts of the Liquour perfectly As for the Maturation of Fruits It is wrought by the Calling forth of the Spirits of the Body outward and so Spreading them more Smoothly And likewise by Digesting in some degree the Grosser Parts And this is Effected by Heat Motion Attraction And by a Rudiment of Putrefaction For the Inception of Putrefaction hath in it a Maturation There were taken Apples and laid in Straw In Hay In Flower In Chalke In Lime Couered ouer with Onions Couered ouer with Crabs Closed vp in Wax Shut in a Box c. There was also an Apple hanged vp in Smoake Of all which the Experiments sorted in this Manner After a Moneths Space the Apple Enclosed in Wax was as Greene and Fresh as at the first Putting in and the Kernells continued White The Cause is for that all Exclusion of Open Aire which is euer Predatory maintaineth the Body in his first Freshnesse and Moisture But the Inconuenience is that it tasteth a little of the Wax Which I suppose in a Pomgranate or some such thick-coated Fruit it would not doe The Apple Hanged in the Smoake turned like an Old Mellow Apple Wrinkled Drle Soft Sweet Yellow within The Cause is for that such a degree of Heat which doth neither Melt nor Scorch For we see that in a greater Heat a Roast Apple Softneth and Melteth And Pigs feet made of Quarters of Wardens scorch and haue a Skin of Cole doth Mellow and not Adure The Smoake also maketh the Apple as it were sprinkled with Soot which helpeth to Mature We see than in Drying of Peares and Prunes in the Ouen and Remouing of them often as they begin to Sweat there is a like Operation But that is with a farre more Intense degree of Heat The Apples couered in the Lime and Ashes were well Matured As appeared both in their Yellownesse and Sweetnesse The Cause is for that that Degree of Heat which is in Lime and Ashes being a Smoothering Heat is of all the rest most Proper for it doth neither Liquefie nor Atefie And that is true Maturation Nâ—â— that the Taste of those Apples was good And therefore it is the Experiment fittest for Vse The Apples Conered with Crabs and Onions were likewise well Matured The Cause is not any Heat But for that the Crab and the Onions draw forth the â—â—â—â— of the Apple and spread them equally thorow out the â—â—â— which â—â—â— away Hatdnesse â—â—â—â—â—â— see fâ—â— one Apple â—â—â—ath against another And therefore in making of Cider they turne the Apples first vpon a heape So one Cluster of Grapes that toucheth another â—â—â—â— it groweth ripeneth faster â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— The Appleâ— â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— and the Sâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— apparently though â—â—â—â—â— â—â—â—â—â—â— in the â—â—â—â—â—â— more The Cause is for that the Hay and Straw haue a very low degree of Heat but yet Close and Smoothering and which drieth nor The Apple in the Close Box was ripened also The Cause is for that all Alfe kept close hath a degree of Warmth As we see in Wâ—â—â—â—â—â—â— Plusâ— c. Note that all these were Compared with another Apple of the same kinds that lay of it Selfe And in Comparison of that were more Sweet and more Yellow and so appeared to be most Ripe Taken Apple or Pâ—â—â— or other like Fruit and Rowâ—â— it vpon a Table hard We see in Common Experience that the 〈◊〉 doth Soften and Sweeten the Fruit presently Which is Nothing but the Sâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— of the Spirits into the Parts For the â—â—â—â—â— Dâ—â—â—â—â— of the Spirits maketh the Haâ—â—ishnesse But this Hard Rowâ—â—â— is betweene Concoction and a Simple Maturation Therefore if you should Rowle them but gently perhaps twice a day And 〈…〉 some seuen dayes it is like they would mature more finely and like vnto the Naturall Maturation Take an Apple and cut out a Peece of the Top and couer it to see whether that Solution of Continuitie will not hasten a Maturation We see that where a Waspe or a Flie or a Worme hath bitten in a Grape or any Fruit it will sweeten hastily Take an Apple c. and pricke it with a Prinne full of Holes not deepe and smeare it a little with Sacke or Cinnamon Water or Spirit of Wine euery day for ten dayes to see if the Virtuall Heat of the Wine or Strong Waters will not Mature it In these Trialls also as was vsed in the first set another of the same Fruits by to Compare them And trie them by their Yellownesse and by their Sweetnesse The World hath beene much abused by the Opinion of Making of Gold The Worke it selfe I iudge to be possible But the Meanes hitherto propounded to effect it are in the Practise full of Errour and Imposture And in the Theory full of vnsound Imaginations For to say that Nature hath an Intention to make all Metals Gold And that if she were deliuered from Impediments she would performe her owne Worke And that if the Crudities Impurities and Leprosities of Metals were cured they would become Gold And that a little Quantitie of the Medicine in the Worke of Proiection will turne a Sea of the Baser Metall into Gold by Multiplying All these are but dreames And so are many other Grounds of Alchymy And to helpe the Matter the Alchymists call in likewise many Vanities out of Astrologie Naturall Magicke Superstitious Interpretations of Scriptures Auricular Traditions Faigned Testimonies of Ancient Authors And the like It is true on the other side they haue brought to light not a few profitable Experiments and thereby made the World some amends But wee when wee shall come to handle the Version and Transmutation of Bodies And the Experiments concerning Metalls and Mineralls will lay open the true Wayes and Passages of Nature which
a Chameleon be burnt vpon the Top of a House it will raise a Tempest Supposing according to their vaine Dreames of Sympathies because he nourisheth with Aire his Body should haue great vertue to make Impression vpon the Aire It is reported by one of the Ancients that in Part of Media there are Eruptions of Flames out of Plaines And that those Flames are cleare and cast not forth such Smoake and Ashes and Pummice as Mountaine Flames doe The Reason no doubt is because the Flame is not pent as it is in Mountaines and Earth-quakes which cast Flame There be also some Blinde Fires vnder Stone which flame not out but Oile being powred vpon them they flame out The Cause whereof is for that it seemeth the Fire is so choaked as not able to remoue the Stone it is Heat rather than Flame Which neuerthelesse is sufficient to Enflame the Oyle It is reported that in some Lakes the Water is so Nitrous as if Foule Cloaths be put into it it scoureth them of it selfe And if they stay any whit long they moulder away And the Scouring Vertue of Nitre is the more to be noted because it is a Body Cold And we see Warme Water scoureth better than Cold. But the Cause is for that it hath a Subtill Spirit which seuereth and diuideth any thing that is soule and Viscous and sticketh vpon a Body Take a Bladder the greatest you can get Fill it full of Winde and tye it about the Necke with a Silke thred waxed And vpon that put likewise Wax very close So that when the Neck of the Bladder dryeth no Aire may possibly get in nor out Then bury it three or foure foot vnder the Earth in a Vault or in a Conferuatory of Snow the Snow being made hollow about the Bladder And after some Forthnights distance see whether the Bladder be shruncke For if it be then it is plaine that the Coldnesse of the Earth or Snow hath Condensed the Aire and brought it a Degree nearer to Water Which is an Experiment of great Consequence It is a Report of some good credit that in Deepe Caues there are Pensile Crystall and Degrees of Crystall that drop from aboue And in some other though more rarely that rise from below Which though it be chiefly the Worke of Cold yet it may be that Water that passeth thorow the Earth gathereth a Nature more clammy and fitter to Congeale and become Solide than Water of it selfe Therfore Triall would be made to lay a Heape of Earth in great Frosts vpon a Hollow Vessell putting a Canuase betweene that it falleth not in And poure Water vpon it in such Quantitie as will be sure to soake thorow And see whether it will not make an harder Ice in the bottome of the Vessell and lesse apt to dissolue than ordinarily I suppose also that if you make the Earth narrower at the bottome than at the Top in fashion of a Sugar Loafe Reuersed it will helpe the Experiment For it will make the Ice where it Issueth lesse in Bulke And euermore Smalnesse of Quantity is a Helpe to Version Take Damaske Roses and pull them Then dry them vpon the Top of an House vpon a Lead or Tarras in the hot Sunne in a cleare day betweene the Houres onely of twelue and two or there abouts Then put them into a Sweet Dry Earthen Bottle or a Glasse with narrow Mouthes stuffing them close together but without Bruising Stop the Bottle or Glasse close and these Roses will retaine not onely their Smell Perfect but their Colour fresh for a yeare at least Note that Nothing doth so much destroy any Plant or other Body either by Putrefaction or Arefaction as the Aduentitious Moisture which hangeth loose in the Body if it be not drawne out For it betrayeth and tolleth forth the Innate and Radicall Moisture along with it when it selfe goeth forth And therefore in Liuing Creatures Moderate Sweat doth preserue the Iuyce of the Body Note that these Roses when you take them from the Drying haue little or no Smell So that the Smell is a Second Smell that issueth out of the Flower afterwards The Continuance of Flame according vnto the diuersity of the Body Enflamed and other Circumstances is worthy the Enquiry Chiefly for that though Flame be almost of a Momentany Lasting yet it receiueth the More and the Lesse we will first therefore speake at large of Bodies Enflamed wholly and Immediately without any Wieke to helpe the Inflammations A Spoonefull of Spirit of Wine a little heated was taken and it burnt as long as came to 116. Pulses The same Quantity of Spirit of Wine Mixed with the Sixth Part of a Spoonefull of Nitre burnt but to the space of 94. Pulses Mixed with the like Quantity of Bay-salt 83. Pulses Mixed with the like Quantity of Gunpowder which dissolued into a Blacke water 110. Pulses A Cube or Pellet of Yellow Waxe was taken as much as halfe the Spirit of Wine and set in the Middest and it burnt onely to the space of 87. Pulses Mixed with the Sixth Part of a spoonefull of Milke it burnt to the space of 100. Pulses And the Milke was crudled Mixed with the Sixth Part of a spoonefull of Water it burnt to the space of 86. Pulses With an Equall Quantity of Water onely to the space of 4. Pulses A small Pebble was laid in the Middest and the Spirit of Wine burnt to the space of 94. Pulses A Peece of Wood of the Bignesse of an Arrow and about a Fingers length was set vp in the Middest and the Spirit of Wine burnt to the space of 94. Pulses So that the Spirit of Wine Simple endured the longest And the Spirit of Wine with the Bay-salt and the Equall Quantity of Water were the shortest Consider well whether the more speedy Going forth of the flame becaused by the Greater Vigour of the Flame in Burning Or by the Resistance of the Body mixed and the Auersion thereof to take Flame Which will appeare by the Quantitie of the Spirit of Wine that remaineth after the Going out of the Flame And it seemeth cleerely to be the latter For that the Mixture of Things least apt to burne is the Speediest in going out And note by the way that Spirit of Wine burned till it goe out of it selfe will burne no more And tasteth nothing so hot in the Mouth as it did No nor yet sowre as if it were a degree towards Vinegar which Burnt Wine doth but flat and dead Note that in the Experiment of Wax aforesaid the Wax dissolued in the burning and yet did not incorporate it selfe with the Spirit of Wine to produce one Flame but wheresoeuer the Wax floated the Flame forsooke it till at last it spread all ouer and put the Flame quite out The Experiments of the Mixtures of the Spirit of Wine enflamed are Things of discouerie and not of Vse But now wee will speake of the Continuance of Flames
Mediate Cause But some Organs are so peremptorily necessary that the Extinguishment of the Spirits doth speedily follow But yet so as there is an Interim of a Small Time It is reported by one of the Ancients of credit that a Sacrificed Beast hath lowed after the Heart hath beene feuered And it is a Report also of Credit that the Head of a Pigge hath beene opened and the Braine put into the Palme of a Mans hand trembling without breaking any part of it or feuering it from the Marrow of the Back-bone During which time the Pigge hath beene in all appearance starke dead and without Motion And after a small Time the Braine hath beene replaced and the Skull of the Pigge closed and the Pigge hath a little after gone about And certaine it is that an Eye vpon Reuenge hath beene thrust forth so as it hanged a pretty distance by the Visuall Nerue And during that time the Eye hath beene without any Power of Sight And yet after being replaced recouered Sight Now the Spirits are chiefly in the Head and Cells of the Braine which in Men and Beasts are Large And therefore when the Head is off they moue little or Nothing But Birds haue small Heads and therefore the Spirits are a little more dispersed in the Sinewes whereby Motion remaineth in them a little longer In so much as it is Extant in Story that an Emperour of Rome to shew the Certainty of his Hand did Shoote a great Forked Arrow at an Estrich as shee ranne swiftly vpon the Stage and strooke off her Head And yet shee continued the Race a little way with the Head off As for Wormes and Flies and Eeles the Spirits are diffused almost all ouer And therefore they moue in their Seuerall Pieces NATVRALL HISTORIE V. Century WE will now enquire of Plants or Vegetables And we shall doe it with diligence They are the principall Part of the Third Dayes Worke. They are the first Producat which is the Word of Animation For the other Words are but the Words of Essence And they are of excellent and generall Vse for Food Medicine and a Number of Mechanicall Arts. There were sowen in a Bed Turnip-Seed Radish-Seed Wheat Cucumber-Seed and Pease The Bed we call a Hot-Bed and the Manner of it is this There was taken Horse-dung old and well rotted This was laid vpon a Banke halfe a foot high and supported round about with Planks And vpon the Top was cast Sifted Earth some two Fingers deepe And then the Seed Sprinkled vpon it hauing beene steeped all night in Water Mixed with Cow dung The Turnip-Seed and the Wheat came vp halfe an Inch aboue Ground within two dayes after without any Watring The Rest the third day The Experiment was made in October And it may be in the Spring the Accelerating would haue beene the speedier This is a Noble Experiment For without this helpe they would haue beene foure times as long in comming vp But there doth not occurre to me at this present any vse thereof for profit Except it should be for Sowing of Pease which haue their Price very much increased by the early Comming It may be tried also with Cherries Strawberries and other Fruit which are dearest when they come early There was Wheat steeped in Water mixed with Cow-Dung Other in Water mixed with Horse-Dung Other in Water mixed with Pigeon-Dung Other in Vrine of Man Other in Water mixed with Chalke powdred Other in Water mixed with Soot Other in Water mixed with Ashes Other in Water mixed with Bay-Salt Other in Claret Wine Other in Malmsey Other in Spirìt of Wine The Proportion of the Mixture was a fourth Part of the Ingredients to the Water Saue that there was not of the Salt aboue an eighth Part. The Vrine and Wines and Spirit of Wine were Simple without Mixture of Water The Time of the Steeping was twelue houres The Time of the Yeare October There was also other Wheat sowen vnsteeped but watred twice a day with Warme water There was also other Wheat sowen Simple to compare it with the rest The Euent was That those that were in the Mixture of Dung and Vrine and Soot Chalke Ashes and Salt came vp within fix dayes And those that afterwards proued the Highest Thickest and most Lustie were First the Vrine And then the Dungs Next the Chalke Next the Soot Next the Ashes Next the Salt Next the Wheat Simple of it selfe vnsteeped and vnwatered Next the Watered twice a day with warme water Next the Claret Wine So that these three last were slower than the ordinary Wheat of it selfe And this Culture did rather retard than aduance As for those that were steeped in Malmsey and Spirit of Wine they came not vp at all This is a Rich Experiment for Profit For the most of the Steel pings are Cheape Things And the Goodnesse of the Crop is a great Matter of Gaine If the Goodnesse of the Crop answer the Earlinesse of the Comming vp As it is like it will Both being from the vigour of the Seed Which also partly appeared in the Former Experiments as hath beene said This Experiment would be tried in other Graines Seeds and Kernells For it may be some Steeping will agree best with some Seeds It would be tried also with Roots steeped as before but for longer time It would be tried also in Seuerall Seasons of the yeare especially the Spring Strawberries watered now and then as once in three dayes with Water wherein hath beene steeped Sheepes-dung or Pigeons-dong will preuent and come early And it is like the same Effect would follow in other Berries Herbs Flowers Graines or Trees And therefore it is an Experiment though vulgar in Strawberries yet not brought into vse generally For it is vsuall to helpe the Ground with Mucke And likewise to Recomfort it sometimes with Mucke put to the Roots But to water it with Mucke water which is like to be more Forcible is not practised Dung or Chalke or Bloud applied in Substance seasonably to the Roots of Trees doth set them forwards But to doe it vnto Herbs without Mixture of Water or Earth it may be these Helpes are too Hot. The former Meanes of Helping Germination are either by the Goodnesse and Strength of the Nourishment Or by the Comforting and Exciting the Spirits in the Plant to draw the Nourishment better And of this latter kinde concerning the Comforting of the Spirits of the Plant arealso the experiments that follow Though they be not Applications to the Root or Seed The Planting of Trees warme vpon a Wall against the South or South-East Sunne doth hasten their Comming on and Ripening And the South-East is found to be better than the SouthWest though the South-West be the Hotter Coast. But the cause is chiefly for that the Heat of the Morning succeedeth the Cold of the Night and partly because many times the South-west Sunne is too Parching So likewise the Planting of them vpon the Backe of a Chimney
where a Fire is kept doth hasten their Comming on and Ripening Nay more the Drawing of the Boughes into the Inside of a Roome where a Fire is continually kept worketh the same Effect Which hath beene tried with Grapes In so much as they will come a Moneth earlier than the Grapes abroad Besides the two Meanes of Accelerating Germination formerly described That is to say the Mending of the Nourishment and Comforting of the Spirit of the Plant there is a Third Which is the Making way for the Easie Comming to the Nourishment and Drawing it And therefore Gentle Digging and Loosening of the Earth about the Roots of Trees And the Remening Herbs and Flowers into new Earth once in two yeares which is the same thing For the new Earth is euer looser doth greatly further the Prospering and Earlinesse of Plants But the most admirable Acceleration by Facilitating the Nourishment is that of Water For a Standard of a Damaske Rose with the Root on was set in a Chamber where no Fire was vpright in an Earthen Pan full of Faire Water without any Mixture halfe a foot vnder the Water the Standard being more then two foot high aboue the Water Within the Space of ten dayes the Standard did put forth a faire Greene lease and some other little Buds which stood at a stay without any Shew of decay or withering more then seuen Daies But afterwards that Leafe faded but the young Buds did sprout on which afterward opened into faire Leaues in the space of three Moneths And continued so a while after till vpon Remouall wee left the Triall But note that the Leaues were somewhat paler and lighter-coloured than the Leaues vse to be abroad Note that the first Buds were in the End of October And it is likely that if it had beene in the Spring time it would haue put forth with greater strength and it may be to haue growne on to beare Flowers By this Meanes you may haue as it seemeth Roses set in the middest of a Poole being supported with some stay Which is Matter of Rarenesse and Pleasure though of small Vse This is the more strange for that the like Rose-Standard was put at the same time into Water mixed with Horse-dung the Horse-dung about the fourth Part to the Water and in foure Moneths space while it was obserued put not forth any Leafe though diuers Buds at the first as the other A Dutch Flower that had a Bulbous Root was likewise put at the same time all vnder Water some two or three Fingers deepe And within seuen dayes sprouted and continued long after further Growing There were also put in a Beet-Root a Borrage-Root and a Raddish-Root which had al their Leaues cut almost close to the Roots And within six weekes had faire Leaues And so continued till the end of Nouember Note that if Roots or Pease or Flowers may be Accelerated in their Comming and Ripening there is a double Profit The one in the high Price that those Things beare when they come early The other in the Swiftnesse of their Returnes For in some Grounds which are strong you shall haue a Raddish c. come in a Month That in other Grounds will not come in two And so make double Returnes Wheat also was put into the Water and came not forth at all So as it seemeth there must be some Strength and Bulke in the Body put into the Water as it is in Roots For Graines or Seeds the Cold of the Water will mortifie But casually some Wheat lay vnder the Pan which was somewhat moistned by the Suing of the Pan which in six weekes as aforesaid looked mouldy to the Eye but it was sprouted forth halfe a Fingers length It seemeth by these Instances of Water that for Nourishment the Water is almost all in all and that the Earth doth but keepe the Plant vpright and saue it from Ouer-heat and Ouer-cold And therefore is a Comfortable Experiment for good Drinkers It proueth also that our former Opinion That Drinke incorporate with Flesh or Roots as in Capon-Baere c. will nourish more easily than Meat and Drinke taken seuerally The Nousing of Plants I conceiue will both Accelerate Germination and bring forth Flowers and Plants in the Colder Seasons And as wee House Hot-Countrey Plants as Limons Orenges Myrtles to saue them So we may House our owne Countrey Plants to forward them and make them come in the Cold Seasons In such sort that you may haue Violets Strawberries Pease all Winter So that you sow or remoue them at fit times This Experiment is to be referred vnto the Comforting of the Spirit of the Plant by Warmth as well as Housing their Boughes c. So then the Meanes to Accelerate Germination are in Particular eight in Generall three To make Roses or other Flowers come late it is an Experiment of Pleasure For the Ancients esteemed much of Rosa Sera And indeed the Nouember-Rose is the sweetest hauing beene lesse exhaled by the Sunne The Meanes are these First the Cutting off their Tops immediately after they haue done Bearing And then they will come againe the same yeare about Nouember But they will not come iust on the Tops where they were cut but out of those Shoots which were as it were Water-Boughes The Cause is for that the Sap which otherwise would haue fed the Top though after Bearing will by the discharge of that diuert vnto the Side-Sprouts And they will come to beare but later The Second is the Pulling off the Buds of the Rose when they are Newly knotted For then the Side-Branches will beare The Cause is the same with the former For Cutting off the Tops and Pulling off the Buds worke the same Effect in Retention of the Sap for a time and Diuersion of it to the Sprouts that were not so forward The Third is the Cutting off some few of the Top-Roughes in the Spring-time but suffering the lower Boughes to grow on The Cause is for that the Boughes doe helpe to draw vp the Sap more strongly And we see that in Powling of Trees many doe vse to leaue a Bough or two on the Top to helpe to draw vp the Sap. And it is coparated also that if you graft vpon the Bough of a Tree and cut off some of the old Boughes the new Cions will perish The Fourth is by Laying the Roots bare about christmus some dayes The Cause is plaine for that it doth â—â—â—â—â— the Sap from going vpwards for a time Which Arrest is after wards released by the Couering of the Root a gaine with Earth And then the Sap getteth vp but later The Fifth is the Reâ—â—â—â—â— of the Tree some Moneth before it Buddes The cause is for that some time will be required after the Reâ—â—â—e for the Reselting before it can draw the Iuycs And that time being lost the Blossome uâ—â—â— needs some forth later The Sixth is the Grasting of Kaser in May which commonly Gardiners doe not till Inly And
a wall the greatest Fruits towards the Bottome And in France the Grapes that make the Wine grow vpon low Vines bound to small Stakes And the raised Vines in Arbours make but Veriuyce It is true that in Italy and other Countries where they haue hotter Sunne they raise them vpon Elmes and Trees But I conceiue that if the French Manner of Planting low were brought in vse there their Wines would be stronger and sweeter But it is more chargeable in respect of the Props It were good to try whether a Tree grafted somewhat neare the Ground and the lower boughes onely maintained and the higher continually proined off would not make a larger Fruit. To haue Fruit in Greater Plenty the way is to graft not onely vpon young Stockes but vpon diuers Boughes of an old Tree for they will beare great Numbers of Fruit Whereas if you graft but vpon one Stocke the Tree can beare but few The Digging yearely about the Roots of Trees which is a great means both to the Acceleration and Melioration of Fruits is practised in nothing but in Vines Which if it were transferred vnto other Trees and Shrubs as Roses c. I conceiue would aduance them likewise It hath beene knowne that a Fruit-Tree hath beene blowne vp almost by the Roots and set vp againe and the next yeare bare exceedingly The Cause of this was nothing but the Looseming of the Earth which comforteth any Tree and is fit to be practised more than it is in Fruit-Trees For Trees cannot be so fitly remoued into New Grounds as Flowers and Herbs may To reuiue an Old Tree the Digging of it about the Roots and Applying new Mould to the Roots is the way We see also that Draught-Oxen put into fresh Pasture gather new and tender Flesh And in all Things better Nourishment than hath beene vsed doth helpe to renew Especially if it be not onely better but changed and differing from the former If an Herbe be cut off from the Roots in the beginning of Winter and then the Earth be troden and beaten downe hard with the Foot and Spade the Roots will become of very great Magnitude in Summer The Reason is for that the Moisture being forbidden to come vp in the Plant stayeth longer in the Root and so dilateth it And Gardiners vse to tread downe any loose Ground after they haue sowne Onions or Turnips c. If Panicum be laid below and about the Bottome of a Root it will cause the Root to grow to an Excessiue Bignesse The Cause is for that being it selfe of a Spungy Substance it draweth the Moisture of the Earth to it and so feedeth the Root This is of greatest vse for Onions Turnips Parsnips and Carrets The Shifting of Ground is a Meanes to better the Tree and Fruit But with this Caution That all Things doe prosper best when they are aduanced to the better Your Nursery of Stockes ought to be in a more Barren Ground than the Ground is whereunto you remoue them So all Grasiers preferre their Cattell from meaner Pastures to better We see also that Hardnesse in Youth lengthneth Life because it leaueth a Cherishing to the better of the Body in Age Nay in Exercises it is good to begin with the hardest as Dancing in Thicke Shooes c. It hath beene obserued that Hacking of Trees in their Barke both downe-right and acrosse so as you make them rather in slices than in continued Hacks doth great good to Trees And especially deliuereth them from being Hide-bound and killeth their Mosse Shade to some Plants conduceth to make them large and prosperous more than Sun As in Strawberries and Bayes c. Therefore amongst Strawberries sow here and there some Barrage-Seed And you shall finde the Strawberries vnder those Leaues farro more large than their Fellowes And Bayes you must plant to the North Or defond them from the Sunne by a Hedge-Row And when you sow the Berries weed not the Borders for the first halfe yeare For the Weed giueth them Shade To increase the Crops of Phâ—â—â— there would be considered not only the Increasing the Lust of the Earth or of the Plant but the Sauing also of that which is spilt So they haue lately made a Triall to Set Wheat which neuerthelesse hath beene left off because of the trouble and paines Yet so much is true that there is much saued by the Setting in comparison of that which is Sewen Both by keeping it from being picked vp by Birds And by Auoiding the Shallow lying of it whereby much that is sowen taketh no Root It is prescribed by some of the Ancients that you take Small Trees vpon which Figs or other Fruit grow being yet vnripe and couer the Trees in the Middle of Autamne with dung vntill the Spring And then take them vp in a warme day and replant them in good Ground And by that meanes the former yeares Tree will be ripe as by a new Birth when other Trees of the fame kinde doe but blossome But this seemeth to haue no great Probabilitie It is reported that if you take Nitre and mingle it with Water to the thicknesse of Honey and therewith anoint the Bud after the Vine is cut it will sprout forth within eight dayes The Cause is like to be if the Experiment be true the Opening of the Bud and of the Parts Contiguous by the Spirit of the Nitre For Nitre is as it were the Life of Vegetables Take Seed or Kernells of Apples Peares Orenges Or a Peach or a Plum Stone c. And put them into a Squill which is like a great Onion and they will come vp much earlier than in the Earth it selfe This I conceiue no be as a Kinde of Grafting in the Root For as the Stocke of a Graft yeeldeth better prepared Nourishment to the Graft than the Crude Earth So the Squill doth the like to the Seed And I suppose the same would be done by Putting Kernells into a Turnip or the like Saue that the Squill is more Vigorous and Hot. It may be tried also with putting Onion-Seed into an Onion-Head which thereby perhaps will bring forth a larger and earlier Onion The Pricking of a Fruit in seuerall places when it is almost at his Bignesse and before it ripeneth hath beene practised with successe to ripen the Fruit more suddenly Wee see the Example of the Biting of Waspes or Wormes vpon Fruit whereby it manifestly ripeneth the sooner It is reported that Alga Marina Sea-weed put vnder the Roots of Coleworts and perhaps of other Plants will further their Growth The vertue no doubt hath Relation to Salt which is a great Helpe to Fertilitie It hath beene practised to cut off the Stalkes of Cucumbers immediately after their Bearing close by the Earth And then to cast a prettie Quantitie of Earth vpon the Plant that remaineth and they will beare the next yeare Fruit long before the ordinary time The Cause may be for that the Sap goeth downe the sooner and is not
it will grow that way Which is farre stranger as is said than the other For that Water may worke by a Sympathy of Attraction But this of the Stake seemeth to be a Reasonable Discourse It hath beene touched before that Terebration of Trees doth make them prosper better But it is found also that it maketh the Fruit sweeter and better The Cause is for that notwithstanding the Terebration they may receiue Aliment sufficient And yet no more than they can well turne and disgest And withall doe sweat out the coursest and vnprofitablest Iuyce Euen as it is in Lining Creatures which by Moderate Feeding and Exercise and Sweat attaine the soundest Habite of Body As Terebration doth Meliorate Fruit so vpon the like reason doth Letting of Plants Blond As Pricking Vines or other Trees after they be of some Growth And thereby letting forth Gumme or Teares Though this be not to continue as it is in Terebration but at some Seasons And it is reported that by this Artifice Bitter Almonds haue beene turned into Sweet The Ancients for the Dulcorating of Fruit doe commend Swines-Dung aboue all other Dung Which may be because of the Moisture of that Beast whereby the Excrement hath lesse Acrimony For wee see Swines and Pigges Flesh is the Moistest of Fleshes It is obserued by some that all Herbs wax sweeter both in Smell and Taste if after they be growne vp some reasonable time they be cut and so you take the latter Sprout The Cause may be for that the longer the Iuyce stayeth in the Root and Stalke the better it concocteth For one of the Chiefe Causes why Graines Seeds and Fruits are more Nourishing than Leanes is the Length of time in which they grow to Maturation It were not amisse to keepe backe the Sap of Herbs or the like by some fit meanes till the end of Summer whereby it may be they will be more Nourishing As Grafting doth generally aduance and Meliorate Fruits aboue that which they would be if they were set of Kernells or Stones in regard the Nourishment is better concocted So no doubt euen in Grafting for the same cause the Choise of the Stocke doth much Alwayes prouided that it be somewhat inferiour to the Cions For otherwise it dulleth it They commend much the Grafting of Peares or Apples vpon a Quince Besides the Meanes of Melioration of Fruits before mentioned it is set downe as tryed that a Mixture of Bran and Swines-Dung Or Chaffe and Swines-Dung especially laid vp together for a Moneth to rot is a very great Nourisher and Comforter to a Fruit-Tree It is deliuered that Onions wax greater if they be taken out of the Earth and laid a drying twenty dayes and then set againe And yet more if the outermost Pill be taken off all ouer It is deliuered by some that if one take the Bough of a Low Fruit-tree newly budded and draw it gently without hurting it into an Earthen Pot perforate at the bottome to let in the Plant and then Couer the Pot with Earth it will yeeld a very large Fruit within the Ground Which Experiment is Nothing but Potting of Plants without Remouing and Leauing the Fruit in the Earth The like they say will be effected by an Empty Pot without Earth in it put ouer a Fruit being propped vp with a Stake as it hangeth vpon the Tree And the better if some few Pertusions be made in the Pot. Wherein besides the Defending of the Fruit from Extremity of Sunne or Weather some giue a reason that the Fruit Louing and Coueting the open Aire and Sunne is inuited by those Pertusions to spread and approch as neare the open Aire as it can And so enlargeth in Magnitude All Trees in High and Sandy Grounds are to be set deepe And in Watry Grounds more shallow And in all Trees when they be remoued especially Fruit-Trees care ought to be taken that the Sides of the Trees be coasted North and South c. as they stood before The same is said also of Stone out of the Quarry to make it more durable Though that seemeth to haue lesse reason Because the Stone lyeth not so neare the Sunne as the Tree groweth Timber Trees in a Coppice Wood doe grow better than in an Open Field Both because they offer not to spread so much but shoot vp still in Height And chiefly because they are defended from too much Sun and Wind which doe checke the Growth of all Fruit And so no doubt Fruit-Trees or Vines set vpon a Wall against the Sunne betweene Elbowes or Buttresses of Stone ripen more than vpon a Plaine Wall It is said that if Potado Roots be set in a Pot filled with Earth and then the Pot with Earth be set likewise within the Ground some two or three Inches the Roots will grow greater than Ordinary The Cause may be for that Hauing Earth enough within the Pot to nourish them And then being stopped by the Bottom of the Pot from putting Strings downward they must needs grow greater in Breadth and Thicknesse And it may be that all Seeds or Roots Potted and so set into the Earth will prosper the better The Cutting off the Leaues of Radish or other Roots in the beginning of Winter before they wither And Couering againe the Root something high with Earth Will preserue the Root all Winter and make it bigger in the Spring following as hath beene partly touched before So that there is a double Vse of this Cutting off the Leaues For in Plants where the Root is the Esculent as Radish and Parsnips it will make the Root the greater And so it will doe to the Heads of Onions And where the Fruit is the Esculent by Strengthning the Root it will make the Fruit also the greater It is an Experiment of great pleasure to make the Leaues of Shady Trees larger than ordinary It hath beene tryed for certaine that a Cions of a Weech-Elme grafted vpon the Stocke of an Ordinary Elme will put forth Leaues almost as broad as the Brimme of ones Hat And it is very likely that as in Fruit-Trees the Graft maketh a greater Fruit So in Trees that beare no Fruit it will make the greater Leaues It would be tryed therefore in Trees of that kinde chiefly As Birch Asp Willow And especially the Shining Willow which they call Swallow-Taile because of the pleasure of the Leafe The Barrennesse of Trees by Accident besides the Weaknesse of the Soile Seed or Root And the Iniury of the Weather commeth either of their Ouer-growing with Mosse Or their being Hide-bound Or their Planting too deepe Or by Issuing of the Sap too much into the Leaues For all these there are Remedies mentioned before Wee see that in Liuing Creatures that haue Male and Female there is Copulation of seuerall Kindes And so Compound Creatures As the Mule that is generated betwixt the Horse and the Asse And some other Compounds which we call Monsters though more rare And it is held that that Prouerbe Africa
semper aliquid Monstri parit commeth for that the Fountaines of Waters there being rare diuers Sorts of Beasts come from seuerall Parts to drinke And so being refreshed fall to couple and many times with seuerall Kinds The Compounding or Mixture of Kinds in Plants is not found out Which neuerthelesse if it be possible is more at command than that of liuing Creatures For that their Lust requireth a voluntary Motion wherefore it were One of the most Noble Experiments touching Plants to finde it out For so you may haue great Varietie of New Fruits and Flowers yet vnknowne Grafting doth it not That mendeth the Fruit or doubleth the Flowers c. But it hath not the Power to make a New Kinde For the Cions euer ouer-ruleth the Stocke It hath beene set downe by one of the Ancients that if you take two Twigs of seuerall Fruit Trees and flat them on the Sides and then binde them close together and set them in the ground they will come vp in one Stocke But yet they will put forth their seuerall Fruits without any Commixture in the Fruit. Wherein note by the way that Vnitie of Continuance is easier to procure than Vnitie of Species It is reported also that Vines of Red and White Grapes being set in the Ground and the vpper Parts being flatted and bound close together will put forth Grapes of the seuerall Colours vpon the same Branch And Grape-Stones of seuerall Colours within the same Grape But the more after a yeare or two The Vnitie as it seemeth growing more Perfect And this will likewise helpe if from the first Vniting they be often Watred For all Moisture helpeth to Vnion And it is prescribed also to binde the Bud as soone as it commeth forth as well as the Stocke At the least for a time They report that diuers Seeds put into a Clout and laid in Earth well dunged will put vp Plants Contiguous Which afterwards being bound in their Shoots will Incorporate The like is said of Kernels put into a Bottle with a Narrow Mouth filled with Earth It is reported that young Trees of seuerall kindes set contiguous without any binding and very often Watred in a Fruitfull Ground with the very Luxurie of the Trees will incorporate and grow together Which seemeth to me the likeliest Meanes that hath beene propounded For that the Binding doth hinder the Naturall Swelling of the Tree which while it is in Motion doth better vnite There are many Ancient and Receiued Traditions and Obseruations touching the Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants For that some will thriue best growing neere others which they impute to Sympathy And some worse which they impute to Antipathy But these are Idle and Ignorant Conceits And forsake the true Indication of the Causes As the most Part of Experiments that concerne Sympathies and Antipathies doe For as to Plants neither is there any such Secret Friendship or Hatred as they imagine And if we should be content to call it Sympathy and Antipathy it is vtterly mistaken For their Sympathy is an Antipathy and their Antipathy is a Sympathy For it is thus Wheresoeuer one Plant draweth such a particular Iuyce out of the Earth as it qualifieth the Earth So as that Iuyce which remaineth is fit for the other Plant there the Neighbourhood doth good Because the Nourishments are contrary or seuerall But where two Plants draw much the same Iuyce there the Neighbourhood hurteth For the one deceiueth the other First therfore all Plants that doe draw much Nourishment from the Earth and so soake the Earth and exhaust it hurt all Things that grow by them As Great Trees especially Ashes and such Trees as spread their Roots neere the Top of the Ground So the Colewort is not an Enemy though that were anciently receiued to the Vine only But it is an Enemy to any other Plant Because it draweth strongly the fattest Iuyce of the Earth And if it be true that the Vine when it creepeth neere the Colewort will turneaway This may be because there it findeth worse Nourishment For though the Root be where it was yet I doubt the Plant will bend as it nourisheth Where Plants are of seuerall Natures and draw seuerall Iuyces out of the Earth there as hath beene said the One set by the other helpeth As it is set downe by diuers of the Ancients that Rew doth prosper much and becommeth stronger if it be set by a Figge-Tree which we conceiue is caused Not by Reason of Friendship but by Extraction of a Contrary Iuyce The one Drawing Iuyce fit to result Sweet the other bitter So they haue set downe likewise that a Rose set by Garlicke is sweeter Which likewise may be because the more Fetide Iuyce of the Earth goeth into the Garlicke And the more Odorate into the Rose This wee see manifestly that there be certaine Corne-Flowers which come seldome or neuer in other places vnlesse they be set But onely amongst Corne As the Blew-Bottle a kinde of Yellow Mary Gold Wilde Poppy and Fumitorie Neither can this be by Reason of the Culture of the Ground by Plowing or Furrowing As some Herbs and Flowers will grow but in Ditches new Cast for if the Ground lie sallow and vnsowne they will not come So as it should seeme to be the Corne that qualifieth the Earth and prepareth it for their Growth This Obseruation if it holdeth as it is very probable is of great vse for the Meliorating of Taste in Fruits and Esculent Herbs And of the Sent of Flowers For I doe not doubt but if the Figge-Tree doe make the Rew more strong and bitter as the Ancients haue noted good store of Rew planted about the Figge-Tree will make the Figge more sweet Now the Tastes that doe most offend in Fruits and Herbs and Roots are Bitter Harrish Sowre And Watrish or Flashy It were good therefore to make the Trials following Take Wormewood or Rew and set it neere Lettuce or Goleflory or Artiâ—hoake And see whether the Lettuce or the Coleflory c. become not the sweeter Take a Seruice-Tree or a Cornelian-Tree or an Elder-Tree which wee know haue Fruits of harsh and binding Iuyce and set them neere a Vine or Figge-Tree and see whether the Grapes or Figs will be the sweeter Take Cucumbers or Pumpions and set them here and there amongst Muske-Melons and see whether the Melons will not be more Winy and better tasted Set Cucumbers likewise amongst Radish and see whether the Radish will not be made the more Biting Take Sorrell and set it amongst Rosps and see whether the Rasps will not be the sweeter Take Common Briar and set it amongst Violets or Wall-Flowers and see whether it will not make the Violets or Wall-Flowers sweeter and lesse Earthy in their Smell So set Lettuce or Cucumbers amongst Rosemary or Bayes and see whether the Rosemary on Bayes will not be the more Odorate or Aromaticall Contrariwise you must take heed how you set Herbs together that draw
much the like Iuyce And therefore I thinke Rosemary will leese in Sweetnesse if it be set with Lauender or Bayes or the like But yet if you will correct the strength of an Herbe you shall doe well to set other like Herbs by him to take him downe As if you should set Tansey by Angelica it may be the Angelica would be the weaker and fitter for Mixture in Perfume And if you should set Rew by Common Wormewood it may be the Wormewood would turne to be like Roman Worniewood This Axiome is of large extent And therefore would be seuered and refined by Triall Neither must you expect to haue a Grasse Difference by this kinde of Culture but only Further Perfection Triall would be also made in Herbs Poisonous and Purgatine whose ill Qualitie perhaps may be discharged or attempted by Setting stronger Poisons or Purgatines by them It is reported that the Shrub called Our Ladies Seale which is a Kinde of Briony and Coleworts set neere together one or both will die The Cause is for that they be both great Depredatours of the Earth and one of them starueth the other The like is said of a Reed and a Brake Both which are succulent And therefore the One deceiueth the Other And the like of Hemlocke and Rew Both which draw strong luyces Some of the Ancients and likewise diures of the Moderne Writers that haue laboured in Natural Magicke haue noted a Sympathy between the Sunne Moone and some Principall Starres And certaine Herbs and Plants And so they haue denominated some Herbs Solar and some Lunar And such like Toyes put into great Words It is manifest that there are some Flowers that haue Respect to the Sunne in two Kindes The one by Opening and Shutting And the other by Bowing and Inclining the Head For Mary-golds Tulippa's Pimperâ—ell and indeed most Flowers doe open or spread their Leaues abroad when the Sunne shineth serene and faire And againe in some part close them or gather them inward either towards Night or when the Skie is ouercast Of this there needeth no such Solemne Reason to be assigned As to say that they reioyce at the presence of the Sunne And mourne at the Absence thereof For it is Nothing else but a little Loading of the Leaues and Swelling them at the Bottome with the Moisture of the Aire whereas the drie Aire doth extend them And they make it a Peece of the wonder that Garden Clauer will hide the Stalke when the Sunne sheweth bright Which is Nothing but a full Expansion of the leaues For the Bowing and Inclining the Head it is found in the great Flower of the Sunne in Mary-golds Wart wort Mallow Flowers and others The Cause is somewhat more Obscure than the former But I take it to be no other but that the Part against which the Sunne beateth waxeth more faint and flaccide in the Stalke And thereby lesse able to support the Flower What a little Moisture will doe in Vegetables euen though they be dead and seuered from the Earth appeareth well in the Experiment of Inglers They take the Beard of an Oate which if you marke it well is wreathed at the Bottome and one smooth entire Straw at the Top. They take only the Part that is Wreathed and cut off the other leauing the Beard halfe the Breadth of a finger in length Then they make a little Crosse of a Quill long-wayes of that Part of the Quill which hath the Pith And Crosse-wayes of that peece of the Quill without Pith The whole Crosse being the Breadth of a Finger high Then they pricke the Bottome where the Pith is and thereinto they put the Oaten-beard leauing halfe of it sticking forth of the Quill Then they take a little white Box of wood to deceiue Men as if somewhat in the Box did worke the Feat In which with a Pinne they make a little Hole enough to take the Beard but not to let the Crosse sinke downe but to sticke Then likewise by way of Imposture they make a Question As Who is the Fairest Woman in the Company Or Who hath a Gloue or Card And canse Another to name diners Persons And vpon euery Naming they sticke the Crosse in the Box hauing first put it towards their Mouth as if they charmed it And the Crasse stirreth not But when they come to the Person that they would take As they hold the Orasse to their Mouth they touch the Beard with the Tip of their Tongue and wet it And so sticke the Crosse in the Box And then you shall see it turne finely and softly three or foure Turnes Which is caused by the vntwining of the Beard by the Moisture You may see it more euidently if you sticke the Crosse betweene your fingers in Stead of the Box And therfore you may see that this Motion which is effected by so little Wet is stronger than the Closing or Bending of the Head of a Marigold It is reported by some that the Herb called Rosa-Solis wherof they make Strong Waters will at the Noone-day when the Sunne shineth hot and bright haue a great Dew vpon it And therefore that the right Name is Ros Solis which they impute to a Delight and Sympathy that it hath with the Sunne Men fauour Wonders It were good first to be sure that the Dew that is found vpon it be not the Dew of the Morning Preserued when the Dew of other Herbs is breathed away for it hath a smooth and thicke Leafe that doth not discharge the Dew so soone as other Herbs that are more Spungy and Porous And it may be Purslane or some other Herb doth the like and is not marked But if it be so that it hath more Dew at Noone than in the Morning then sure it seemeth to be an Exudation of the Herb is solfe As Plums sweat when they are set into the Ouen for you will not I hope thinke that it is like Gedeons Fleeel of Wood that the Dew should fail vpon that and no where else It is certaine that the Honey-dews are found more vpon Oahe-leâ—â—es than vpon Aâ—â— of Beech or the like But whether any Cause be from the Leafe it selfe to concoctâ— the Dew Or whether it be onely that the Leafe is Close and Smooth And therefore drinketh not in the Dew but preserueth it may be doubted It would be well inquired whether Maâ—â—â— the Drug doth fall but vpon certaine Herbs or Lâ—â—â— onely Flowers that haue deepe Sockets doe gather in the Bottome a kinde of Honey As Honey-Suckles both the Woodbine and the Trisoile Dillier and the like And in them certainly the Flower beareth part with the Dew The Experience is that the Froth which they call Woodsears being like a kinde of Spittle is found but vpon certaine Herbs and those Hot Ones As Lauender-cotton Sage Hissope c. Of the Cause of this enquire further For it seemeth a Secret There falleth also Mildew vpon Corne and smutteth it But it may be that the same
Moulds partible glued or cemented together that you may open them when you take out the Fruit. It is a Curiosity to haue Inscriptions or Engrauings in Fruit or Trees This is easily performed by Writing with a Needle or Bodkin or Knife or the like when the Fruit or Trees are young For as they grow so the Letters will grow more large and Graphicall Tenerisque meos incidere Amores Arboribus crescent illa crescetis Amores You may haue Trees apparrelled with Flowers or Herbs by Boring Holes in the Bodies of them and Putting into them Earth Holpen with Mucke and Setting Seeds or Slips of Wielets Stramberries Wilde-Thyme Camamill and such like in the Earth Wherein they doe but grow in the Tree as they doe in Pots Though perhaps with some Feeding from the Trees It would be tried also with Shoots of Vines and Roots of Red-Roses For it may be they being of a more Ligueout Nature will incorporate with the Tree it selfe It is an ordinary Curiosity to Forme Trees and Sbrubs as Rosemary Inniper and the like into Sundry Shapes which is done by Moulding them within and Cutting them without But they are but lame Things being too small to keepe Figure Great Castles made of Trees vpon Frames of Timber with Turrets and Arches were anciently matters of Magnificence Amongst Cariofities I shall place Colouration though it be somewhat better For Beauty in Flowers is their Preheminence It is obserued by some that Gilly-flowers Sweet-Williams Yielets that are Coloured if they be neglected and neither Watred not New Monlded nor Transplanted will turne White And it is probable that the White with much culture may turne Coloured For this is certaine that the White Colour commeth of Scarcity of Nourishment Except in Flowers that are onely White and admit no other Colours It is good therefore to see what Natures doe accompany what Colours For by that you shall haue Light how to induce Colours by Producing those Natures Whites are more Inodorate for the most part than Flowers of the same kinde Coloured As is found in Single White Violets White-Roses White Gilly-Flowers White Stock-Grlly-Flowers c. Wee finde also that Blossomes of Trees that are White are commonly Inodorate As Cherries Pearas Plâ—â—â—â—â—s Whereas those of Apples Crabs Almonds and Peaches are Blushy and Smell Sweet The Cause is for that the Substance that maketh the Flower is of the thinnest and sinest of the Plant Which also maketh Flowers to be of so dainty Colours And if it bee too Sparing and Thinne it attaineth no Strength of Odour Except it be in such Plants as are very Succulent Whereby they need rather to be scanted in their Nourishment than replenished to haue them sweet As we fee in White Satyrian which is of a Dainty Smell And in Beane-Flowers c. And againe if the Plant be of Nature to put forth White Flowers onely and those not thinne or dry they are commonly of rancke and fulsome Smell As May-Flowers and White Lillies Contrariwise in Berries the White is commonly more Delicaee and Sweet in Taste than the Coloured As wee see in White Grapes In White Raspes In White Strawberries In White Carraâ— c. The Cause is for that the Coloured are more iuyced and courfer iuyced And therefore not so well and equally Concocted But the White are better proportioned to the Disgestion of the Plant. But in Fruits the White commonly is meaner As in Peare-Plums Daâ—asiâ—s c. And the Choicest Plammes are Blacke The Malberry which though they call it a Berry is a Fruit is better the Blacke than the White The Haruest White-Plâ—mme is a base Plâ—mme And the Verdoccie and White Date-Plamme are no very good Plummes The Cause is for that they are all Ouer-watry Whereas an higher Concoction is required for Sweetnesse or Pleasure of Taste And therefore all your dainty Plummes are a little dry and come from the Stone As the Muscle-Plumme the Damasin-Plumme the Peach the Apricet c. Yet some Fruits which grow not to be Blacke are of the Nature of Berries sweetest such as are Paler As the Caeâ—r-Cherry which inclineth more to White is sweeter than the Red But the Egriot is more sowre Take Gilly-Flower Seed of one kinde of Gilly-Flower As of the Cloue-Gilly-Flower which is the most Common And sow it And there will come vp Gilly-Flowers some of one Colour and some of another casually as the Seed meeteth with Nourishment in the Earth So that the Gardiners finde that they may haue two or three Roots amongst an hundred that are rare and of great Price As Purple Carnation of Seuerall Stripes The Canse is no doubt that in Earth though it be contiguous and in one Bed there are very feuerall luyees And as the Seed doth casually meet with them so it commethforth And it is noted especially that those which doe come vp Purple doe alwayes come vp Single The Iuyee as it seemeth not being able to suffice a Succulent Colour and a Double Leafe This Experiment of seuerall Colours comming vp from one Seed would be tried also in Larkes-Foot Moukes-Head Rappy and Hollyoke Few Fruits are coloured Red within The Queene-Apple is And another Apple called the Rose Apple Mulberries likewise and Grapes though most toward the Skinne There is a Peach also that hath a Circle of Red towards the Stone And the Egriot-Cherry is somewhat Red within But no Peare nor Warden not Plumme nor Apricet although they haue many times Red sides are Coloured Red within The Canse may be enquired The Generall Colour of Plants is Greene which is a Colour that no Flower is of There is a Greenish Prime-Rose but it is Pale and scatce a Greene The Leaues of some Trees turne a little Murry or Reddish And they be commonly Young Leaues that doe so As it is in Oakes and Vines and Hasle Leaves tot into a Yellow And some Hollies haue part of their Leaues Yellow that are to all seeming as Fresh and Shining as the Greene. I suppose also that Yellow is a lesse Succulent Colour than Greene And a degree nearer White For it hath beene noted that those Yellow Leaues of Holly stand euor towards the North or North-East Some Roots are Yellow as Carress And some Plants Bloud-Red Stalke and Leafe and all as Amaranthus Some Herbs incline to Purple and Red As a Kinde of Sage doth and a Kinde of Mint and Rosa Solis c. And Some haue White Leaues as another Kinde of Sape and another kinde of Mins But Azure and a Paire Purple are neuer found in Leaues This Sheweth that Flowers are made of a Refined luyce of the Earth And so are Fruits But Leaues of a more Courfe and Common It is a Curiosity also to make Flowers Double Which is effected by Often Remouing them into New Earth As on the contrary Part Double Flowers by neglecting and not Remouing proue Single And the Way to doe it speedily is to sow or set Seeds or Slips of Flowers And as soone
White Glistering Berry And it is a Plant vtterly differing from the Plant vpon which it groweth Two things therfore may be certainly set downe First that Super-fatation must be by Abundance of Sap in the Bough that putteth it forth Secondly that that Sap must be such as the Tree doth excerne and cannot affimilate For else it would goe into a Bough And besides it seemeth to be more Fat and Vnctuous than the Ordinary Sap of the Tree Both by the Berry which is Clammy And by that it continueth greene Winter and Summer which the Tree doth not This Experiment of Misseltoe may giue Light to other Practises Therefore Triall would be made by Ripping of the Bough of a Crab-Tree in the Barke And Watring of the Wound euery Day with Warme Water Dunged to see if it would bring forth Misseltoe or any such like Thing But it were yet more likely to try it with some other Watring or Anointing that were not so Naturall to the Tree as Water is As Oyle or Barme of Drinke c. So they be such Things as kill not the Bough It were good to try what Plants would put forth if they be forbidden to put forth their Naturall Boughes Poll therefore a Tree and couer it some thicknesse with Clay on the Top And see what it will put forth I suppose it will put forth Roots For so will a Cions being turned downe into Clay Therefore in this Experiment also the Tree would be closed with somewhat that is not so Naturall to the Plant as Clay is Try it with Leather or Cloth or Painting so it be not hurtfull to the Tree And it is certaine that a Brake hath beene knowne to grow out of a Pollard A Man may count the Prickles of Trees to be a kinde of Excrescence For they will neuer be Boughes nor beare Leaues The Plants that haue Prickles are Thornes blacke and white Brier Rose Limon-Trees Crab-Trees Goose-Berry Berbery These haue it in the Bough The Plants that haue Prickles in the Leafe are Holly Iuniper Whin-bush Thistle Nettles also haue a small Venemous Prickle So hath Borrage a small prickle but harmelesse The Cause must be Hasty Putting forth Want of Moisture And the Closenesse of the Barke For the Haste of the Spirit to put forth and the Want of Nourishment to put forth a Bough and the Closenesse of the Barke cause Prickles in Boughes And therefore they are euer like a Pyramis for that the Moisture spendeth after a little Putting forth And for Prickles in Leaues they come also of Putting forth more Iuyce into the Leafe than can spread in the Leafe smooth And therefore the Leaues otherwise are Rough as Borrage and Nettles are As for the Leaues of Holly they are Smooth but neuer Plaine but as it were with Folds for the same Cause There be also Plants that though they haue no Prickles yet they haue a Kinde of Downy or Veluet Rine vpon their Leaues As Rose Campion Stock-Gilly-Flowers Colts-Foot which Downe or Nap commeth of a Subtill Spirit in a Soft or Fat Substance For it is certaine that both Stock-Gilly-Flowers and Rose-Campions stamped haue beene applied with successe to the Wrests of those that haue had Tertian or Quartan Agues And the Vapour of Colts-Foot hath a Sanatiue vertue towards the Lungs And the Leafe also is Healing in Surgery Another Kinde of Excrescence is an Exudation of Plants ioyned with Putrefaction As we see in Oake-Apples which are found chiefly vpon the Leaues of Oakes And the like vpon Willowes And Countrey People haue a kinde of Prediction that if the Oake-Apple broken be full of Wormes it is a Signe of a Pestilent Yeare Which is a likely Thing because they grow of Corruption There is also vpon Sweet or other Brier a fine Tuse or Brush of Mosse of diuers Colours Which if you cut you shall euer finde full of little white Wormes It is certaine that Earth taken out of the Foundations of Vaults and Houses and Bottomes of Wells and then put into Pots will put forth Sundry Kindes of Herbs But some Time is required for the Germination For if it be taken but from a Fathome deepe it will put forth the First Yeare If much deeper not till after a Yeare or Two The Nature of the Plants growing out of Earth so taken vp doth follow the Nature of the Mould it selfe As if the Mould be Soft and Fine it putteth forth Soft Herbs As Grasse Plantine and the like if the Earth be Harder and Courser it putteth forth Herbs more Rough as Thistles Firres c. It is Common Experience that where Alleyes are close Grauelled the Earth putteth forth the first yeare Knot-grasse and after Spire-grasse The Cause is for that the Hard Grauell or Pebble at the first Laying will not suffer the Grasse to come forth vpright but turneth it to finde his way where it can But after that the Earth is somewhat loosened at the Top the Ordinary Grasse commeth vp It is reported that Earth being taken out of Shady and Watry Woods some depth and Potted will put forth Herbs of a Fat and Iuycy Substance As Penny-wort Purslane Hausleeke Penny-royall c. The Water also doth send forth Plants that haue no Roots fixed in the Bottome But they are lesse Perfect Plants being almost but Leaues and those Small ones Such is that we call Duck-Weed Which hath a Leafe no bigger than a Thyme-Leafe but of a fresher Greene and putteth forth a little String into the Water farre from the Bottome As for the Water-Lilly it hath a Root in the Ground And so haue a Number of other Herbs that grow in Ponds It is reported by some of the Ancients and some Moderne Teftimony likewife that there be some Plants that grow vpon the Top of the Sea Being supposed to grow of some Concretion of Slime from the Water where the Sunne beateth hot and where the Sea stirreth little As for Alga Marina Sea-weed and Eryngium Sea-Thistle both haue Roots but the Sea-weed vnder the Water the Sea-Thistle but vpon the Shore The Ancients haue noted that there are some Herbs that grow out of Snow laid vp close together and Putrified And that they are all Bitter And they name one specially Flomus which wee call Moth-Mullein It is certaine that Wormes are found in Snow commonly like Earth-Wormes And therefore it is not vnlike that it may likewise put forth Plants The Ancients haue affirmed that there are some Herbs that grow out of Stone Which may be for that it is certain that Toads haue been found in the Middle of a Free-Stone We see also that Flints lying aboue Ground gather Mosse And Wall-Flowers and some other Flowers grow vpon Walls But whether vpon the Maine Bricke or Stone or whether out of the Lime or Chinckes is not well obserued For Elders and Ashes haue beene seene to grow out of Steeples But they manifestly grow out of Clefts In so much as when they grow big they will disioyne the Stone
and a Weaker like vnto Masculine and Feminine doth hold in all Liuing Bodies It is confounded sometimes As in some Creatures of Putrefaction wherein no Markes of Distinction appeare And it is doubled sometimes As in Hermaphrodites But generally there is a Degree of Strength in most Species The Participles or Consiners betweene Plants and Liuing Creatures are such chiefly as are Fixed and haue no Locall Motion of Remoue though they haue a Motion in their Parts Such as are Oysters Cockles and such like There is a Fabulous Narration that in the Northerne Countries there should be an Herbe that groweth in the likenesse of a Lambe and feedeth vpon the Grasse in such sort as it will bare the Grasse round about But I suppose that the Figure maketh the Fable For so we see there be Bee-Flowers c. And as for the Grasse it seemeth the Plant hauing a great Stalke and Top doth prey vpon the Grasse a good way about by drawing the Iuyce of the Earth from it The Indian Fig boweth his Roots downe so low in one yeare as of it selfe it taketh Root againe And so multiplieth from Root to Root Making of one Tree a kinde of Wood. The Cause is the Plenty of the Sap and the Softnesse of the Stalke which maketh the Bough being ouerloaden and not stiffely vpheld weigh downe It hath Leaues as broad as a little Target but the Fruit no bigger than Beanes The Cause is for that the Continuall Shade increaseth the Leaues and abateth the Fruit which neuerthelesse is of a pleasant Taste And that no doubt is caused by the Supplenesse and Gentlenesse of the Iuyce of that Plant being that which maketh the Boughes also so Flexible It is reported by one of the Ancients that there is a certaine Indian Tree hauing few but very great Leaues three Cubits long and two broad And that the Fruit being of good Taste groweth out of the Barke It may be there be Plants that poure out the Sap so fast as they haue no leisure either to diuide into many Leaues or to put forth Stalks to the Fruit. With vs Trees generally haue finall Leaues in comparison The Fig hath the greatest And next it the Vine Mulberry and Sycamore And the Least are those of the Willow Birch and Thorne But there be found Herbs with farre greater Leaues than any Tree As the Burre Gourd Cucumber and Cole-wort The Cause is like to that of the Indian Fig the hasty and plentifull Putting forth of the Sap. There be three Things in vse for Sweetnesse Sugar Honey Manna For Sugar to the Ancients it was scarce knowne and little vsed It is found in Canes Quare whether to the first Knuckle or further vp And whether the very Barke of the Cane it selfe do yeeld Sugar or no For Honey the Bee maketh it or gathereth it But I haue heard from one that was industrious in Husbandry that the labour of the Bee is about the Wax And that he hath knowne in the beginning of May Honey-Combs empty of Honey And within a forthnight when the Sweet Dewes fall filled like a Cellar It is reported also by some of the Ancients that there is a Tree called Occhus in the Valleyes of Hyrcanis that distilleth Honey in the Mornings It is not vnlike that the Sap and Teares of some Trees may be sweet It may be also that some sweet Iuyces fit for many vses may be concocted out of Fruits to the Thicknesse of Honey or perhaps of Sugar The likeliest are Raisins of the Sunne Figs and Corrans The Meanes may be enquired The Ancients report of a Tree by the Persian Sea vpon the ShoreSands which is nourished with the Salt-Water And when the Tide ebbeth you shall see the Roots as it were bare without Barke being as it seemeth corroded by the Salt grasping the Sands like a Crab Which neuerthelesse beareth a Fruit. It were good to try some Hard Trees as a Seruice-Tree or Firre-Tree by setting them within the Sands There be of Plants which they vse for Garments these that follow Hempe Flax Cotton Nettles whereof they make Nettle-Cloth Sericum which is a Growing Silke They make also Cables of the Barke of Lime-Trees It is the Stalke that maketh the Filaceous Matter commonly And sometimes the Downe that groweth aboue They haue in some Countries a Plant of a Rosy Colour which shutteth in the Night Openeth in the Morning and Openeth wide at Noone which the Inhabitants of those Countries say is a Plant that Sleepeth There be Sleepers enow then For almost all Flowers doe the like Some Plants there are but rare that haue a Mossy or Downy Root And likewise that haue a Number of Threds like Beards As Mandrakes wherof Witches and Impostours make an vgly Image giuing it the Forme of a Face at the Top of the Root and leaue those Strings to make a broad Beard downe to the Foot Also there is a Kinde of Nard in Creet being a Kinde of Phu that hath a Root hairy like a Rough-Footed-Doues foot So as you may see there are of Roots Bulbous Roots Fibrous Roots and Hirsute Roots And I take it in the Bulbous the Sap hasteneth most to the Aire and Sunne In the Fibrous the Sap dollghreth more in the Earth and therefore putteth downward And the Hirsute is a Middle betweene both That besides the Putting forth vpwards and downwards putteth forth in Round There are some Teares of Trees which are kembed from the Beards of Goats For when the Goats bite and crop them especially in the Mornings the Dew being on the Teare commeth forth and hangeth vpon their Beards Of this Sort is some kinde of Ladanum The Irrigation of the Plaine-Tree by Wine is reported by the Ancients to make it Fruitfull It would be tried likewise with Roots For vpon Seeds it worketh no great Effects The way to carry Farraine Roots a long Way is to vessell them close in Earthan Vessells But if the Vessells be not very Great you must make some Holes in the Bottome to giue some Refreshment to the Roots Which otherwise as it seemeth will decay and suffocate The ancient Cinnamon was of all other Plants while it grew the Dryest And those Things which are knowne to comfort other Plants did make that more Sterill For in Showers it prospered worst It grew also amongst Bushes of other kindes where commonly Plants doe not thriue Neither did it loue the Sunne There might be one Cause of all those Effects Namely the sparing Nourishment which that Plant required Quare how farre Cassia which is now the Substitute of Cinnamon doth participate of these Things It is reported by one of the Ancients that Cassia when it is gathered is put into the Skins of Beasts newly fleyed And that the Skins Corrupting and Breeding Wormes the Wormes doe deuoure the Pith and Marrow of it and so make it Hollow But meddle not with the Barke because to them it is bitter There were in Ancient Time Vines of farre greater
which are Inflammable And certaine Oake-Berries sticking close to the Body of the Tree without Stalke It beareth also Misseltoe though rarely The Cause of all these may be the Closenesse and Solidenesse of the Wood and Pith of the Oake Which maketh seuerall Iuyces finde seuerall Eruptions And therefore if you will deuise to make any Super-Plants you must euer giue the Sap Plentifull Rising and Hard Issue There are two Excrescences which grow vpon Trees Both of them in the Nature of Mushromes The one the Romans called Boletus Which groweth vpon the Roots of Oakes And was one of the Dainties of their Table The other is Medicinall that is called Agaricke whereof we haue spoken before which groweth vpon the Tops of Oakes Though it be affirmed by some that it groweth also at the Roots I doe conceiue that many Exerescences of Trees grow chiefly where the Tree is dead or faded For that the Naturall Sap of the Tree corrupteth into some Preternaturall Substance The greater Part of Trees beare Most and Best on the Lower Boughs As Oakes Figs Wall-Nuts Peares c. But some beare Best on the Top-Boughes As Crabs c. Those that beare best below are such as Shade doth more good to than Hurt For generally all Fruits beare best lowest Because the Sap tireth not hauing but a short Way And therefore in Fruits spred vpon Walls the Lowest are the Greatest as was formerly said So it is the Shade that hindereth the Lower Boughes Except it be in such Trees as delight in Shade Or at least beare it well And therfore they are either Strong Trees as the Oake Or else they haue large Leaues as the Wallnut and Fig Or else they grow in Pyraâ—is as the Peare But if they require very much Sunne they beare best on the Top As it is in Crabs Apples Plummes c. There be Trees that beare best when they begin to be Old As Almonds Peares Vines and all Trees that giue Mast. The Cause is for that all Trees that beare Mast haue an Oyly Fruit And Young Trees haue a more Watry Iuyce and lesse Concocted And of the same kinde also is the Almond The Peare likewise though it be not Oyly yet it requireth much Sap and well Concocted For we see it is a Heauy Fruit and Solide Much more than Apples Plummes c. As for the Vine it is noted that it beareth more Grapes when it is Young But Grapes that make better Wine when it is Old For that the Iuyce is better Concocted And wee see that Wine is Insflammable So as it hath a kinde of Oylinesse But the most Part of Trees amongst wich are Apples Plummes c. beare best when they are Young There be Plants that haue a Milke in them when they are Cut As Figs Old Lettuce Sowe-Thistles Spurge c. The Cause may be an Inception of Putrefaction For those Milkes haue all an Acrimony though one would thinke they should be Lenitiue For if you write vpon Paper with the Milke of the Fig the Letters will not be seene vntill you hold the Paper before the Fire and then they wax Browne Which sheweth that it is a Sharpe or Fretting Iuyce Lettuce is thought Poysonous when it is so Old as to haue Milke Spurge is a kinde of Poyson in it Selfe And as for Sowe-Thistles though Coneyes eat them yet Sheepe and Cattell will not touch them And besides the Milke of them rubbed vpon Warts in short time weareth them away Which sheweth the Milke of them to be Corrosine We see also that Wheat and other Corne sowen if you take them forth of the Ground before they sprout are full of Milke And the Beginning of Germination is euer a Kinde of Putrefaction of the Seed Euphorbium also hath a Milke though not very white which is of a great Acrimony And Saladine hath a yellow Milke which hath likewise much Acrimony For it cleanseth the Eyes It is good also for Cataracts Mushromes are reported to grow as well vpon the Bodies of Trees as vpon their Roots or vpon the Earth And especially vpon the Oake The Cause is for that Strong Trees are towards such Excrescâ—â—ces in the Nature of Earth And therfore put forth Mosse Mushromes and the like There is hardly found a Plant that yeeldeth a Red Iuyce in the Blade or Eare Except it be the Tree that beareth Sanguis Draconis Which groweth chiefly in the Island Soquotra The Herb Amaranthus indeed is Red all ouer And Brasill is Red in the Wood And so is Red Sunders That Tree of the Sanguis Draconis groweth in the forme of a Sugar-loafe It is like that the Sap of that Plant concocteth in the Body of the Tree For woe see that Grapes and Pomegranats are Red in the Iuyce but are Greene in the Teare And this maketh the Tree of Sanguis Draconis lesser towards the Top Because the Iuyce hasteneth not vp And besides it is very Astringent And therefore of Slow Motion It is reported that Sweet Mosse besides that vpon the Apple-Trees groweth likewise sometimes vpon Poplars And yet generally the Poplar is a Smooth Tree of Barke and hath little Mosse The Mosse of the Larix Tree burneth also Sweet and sparkleth in the Burning Quaere of the Mosses of Oderate Trees As Cedar Cypres Lignum Aloës c. The Death that is most without Paine hath been noted to be vpon the Taking of the Petium of Hemloche which in Humanity was the Forme of Execution of Capitall Offenders in Athens The Poyson of the Aspe that Cleopatra vsed hath some affinity with it The Cause is for that the Torments of Death are chiefly raised by the Strife of the Spirits And these Vapours quench the Spirits by Degrees Like to the Death of an extreme Old Man I conceiue it is lesse Painfull than Opium because Opium hath Parts of Heat mixed There be Fruits that are Sweet before they be Ripe As Mirabolanes So Reuuell-Seeds are Sweet before they ripen and after grow Spicy And some neuer Ripen to be Sweet As Tamarinds Berberries Crabs Sloes c. The Cause is for that the former Kinde haue â—â—â—eh and subtill Heat which causeth Earely Sweetnesse The latter haue a Cold and Acide Iuyce which no Heat of the Sunne can sweeten But as for the Mirabelane it hath Parts of Contrary Natures For it is Sweet and yet Astringont There bee few Herbes that haue a Salt Taste And contrariwise all Bloud of Liuing Creatures hath a Saltnesse The Cause may be for that Salt though it be the Audiment of Life yet in Plants the Originall Taste remaineth not For you shall haue them Bitter Sowre Sweet Biting but seldome Salt But in Liuing Creatures all those High Tastes may happen to be sometimes in the Humours but are seldome in the Flesh or Substance Because it is of a more Oyly Nature which is not very Susceptible of those Tastes And the Saltnesse it selfe of Bloud is but a light and secret Saltnesse And euen among Plants some doe
participate of Saltnesse as Alga Marina Sampire Scorny-Grasse c. And they report there is in some of the Indian-Seas a Swimming Plant which they call Salgazus spreading ouer the Sea in such sort as one would thinke it were a Meadow It is certaine that out of the Ashes of all Plants they extract a Salt which they vse in Medicines It is reported by one of the Ancients that there is an Herb growing in the Water called Lincostis which is full of Prickles This Herbe putteth forth another small Herbe out of the Leafe which is imputed to some Moisture that is gathered betweene the Prickles which Putrified by the Sunne Germinateth But I remember also I haue seene for a great Rarity one Rose grow out of another like Honey-Suckles that they call Top and Top-gallants Barley as appeareth in the Malting being steeped in Water three dayes and afterwards the Water drained from it and the Barley turned vpon a dry floare will sprout halfe an Inch long at least And if it be let alone and not turned much more vntill the Heart be out Wheat will doe the same Try it also with Pease and Beanes This Experiment is not like that of the Orpin and Semper-Vine For there it is of the old Store for no Water is added But here it is nourished from the Water The Experiment would be further driuen For it appeareth already by that which hath beene said that Earth is not necessary to the first Sprouting of Plants And we see that Rose-Buds set in Water will Blow Therefore try whether the Sprouts of such Graines may not be raised to a further Degree As to an Herbe or Flower with Water onely Or some small Commixture of Earth For if they will it should seeme by the Experiments before both of the Malt and of the Roses that they will come far faster on in Water than in Earth For the Nourishment is easilier drawne out of Water than out of Earth It may giue some light also that Drinke infused with Flesh as that with the Capon c. will nourish faster and easilier than Meat and Drinke together Try the same Experiment with Roots as well as with Graines as for Example take a Turnip and steepe it a while and then dry it and see whether it will sprout Malt in the Drenâ—bing will swell And in such a manner as after the Putting forth in Sprouts and the drying vpon the Keele there will be gained at least a Bushell in eight and yet the Sprouts are rubbed off And there will be a Bushell of Dust besides the Malt Which I suppose to be not onely by the loose and open Laying of the Parts but by some Addition of Substance drawne from the Water in which it was steeped Malt gathereth a Sweetnesse to the Taste which appeareth yet more in the Wort. The Dulcoration of Things is worthy to be tried to the full For that Dulcoration importeth a degree to Nourishment And the Making of Things Inalimentall to become Alimentall may be an Experiment of great Profit for Making new Victuall Most Seeds in the Growing leaue their Huske or Rinde about the Root But the Onion will carry it vp that it will be like a Cap vpon the Top of the Young Onion The Cause may be for that the Skin or Huske is not easie to breake As we see by the Pilling of Onions what a Holding Substance the Skin is Plants that haue Curled Leaues doe all abound with Moisture Which commeth so fast on as they cannot spread themselues Plaine but must needs gather together The Weakest Kinde of Curling is Roughnesse As in Clary and Burre The Second is Curling on the Sides As in Lettuce and Young Cabbage And the Third is Folding into an Head As in Cabbage full growne and Cabbage-Lettuce It is reported that Firre and Pine especially if they be Old and Putrified though they shine not as some Rotten Woods doe yet in the sudden Breaking they will sparkle like Hard Sugar The Roots of Trees doe some of them put downwards deepe into the Ground As the Oake Pine Firre c. Some spread more towards the Surface of the Earth As the Ash Cypresse-Tree Oline c. The Cause of this latter may be for that such Trees as loue the Sunne doe not willingly descend farre into the Earth And therefore they are commonly Trees that shoot vp much For in their Body their desire of Approach to the Sunne maketh them spread the lesse And the same Reason vnder Ground to auoid Recesse from the Sunne maketh them spread the more And wee see it commeth to passe in some Trees which haue beene planted too deepe in the Ground that forloue of Approach to the Sunne they forsake their first Root and put out another more towards the Top of the Earth And wee see also that the Oliue is full of Oylie Iuyce And Ash maketh the best Fire And Cypresse is an Hot Tree As for the Oake which is of the former sort it loueth the Earth And therefore groweth slowly And for the Pine and Firre likewise they haue so much Heat in themselues as they need lesse the Heat of the Sunne There be Herbs also that haue the same difference As the Herbe they call Morsus Diaboli Which putteth the Root downe so low as you cannot pull it vp without Breaking Which gaue Occasion to the Nâ—me and â—â—â— For that it was said it was so wholesome a Root that the Deuill when it was gathered bit â—â— for Enny And some of the Ancients doe report that there was a Goodly Firre which they desired to remoue whole that had a Root vnder Ground eight Cubits deepe And so the Root came vp broken It hath beene obserued thaâ— a Branch of a Tree being Vnberked some space at the Botome and so set into the Ground hath growen Euen of such Trees as if the Branch were set with the Barke on they would not grow yet coâ—â—driwise we see that a Tree â—ared round in the Body aboue Ground will die The Cause may be for that the Vnbarke Part draweth the Nourishment best but the Barke continueth it only Grapes will continue Fresh and Moist all Winter long if you hang them Cluster by Cluster in the Roofe of a Warme Roome Especially it when you gather the Cluster you take off with the Cluster some of the Stocke The Reed or Cane is a Watry Plant and groweth not but in the Water It hath these Properties That it is Hollow That it is Knuckled both Stalke and Root That being Drie it is more Hard and Fragile than other Wood That it putteth forth no Boughs though many Stalkes come out of one Root It differeth much in Greatnesse The smallest being fit for Thatching of Houses And Stopping the Chinkes of Ships Better than Glew or Pitch The Second Bignesse is vsed for Angle-Rods and Staues And in China for beating of Offenders vpon the Thighs The differing Kindes of them are The Common Reed The Cassia Fistula And the Sugar-Reed
Powdring when a Shower commeth maketh a kinde of Soyling to the Tree being Earth and Water finely laid on And they note that Countries where the Fields and Wayes are Dusty beare the best Vines It is commended by the Ancients for an Excellent Helpe to Trees to lay the Stalks and Leaues of Lupines about the Roots Or to Plough them into the Ground where you will sowe Corne. The Burning also of the Cuttings of Vines and Casting them vpon land doth much Good And it was generally receiued of old that the Dunging of Grounds when the West Wind bloweth and in the Decrease of the Moone doth greatly helpe The Earth as it seemeth being then more thirsty and open to receiue the Dung. The Grafting of Vines vpon Vines as I take it is not now in vse The Ancients had it and that three wayes The First was Insition which is the Ordinary Manner of Grafting The Second was Terebration through the Middle of the Stocke and Putting in the Cions there And the Third was Paring of two Vines that grow together to the Marrow and Binding them close The Diseases and ill Accidents of Corne are worthy to be enquired And would be more worthy to be enquired if it were in Mens Power to helpe them Whereas many of them are not to be remedied The Mildew is one of the Greatest which out of question commeth by Closenesse of Aire And therefore in Hills or large Champaigne Grounds it seldome commeth Such as is with vs York's Worad This cannot be remedied otherwise than that in Countries of Small Enclosure the Grounds be turned into larger Fields Which I haue knowne to doe good in some Farmes Another Disease is the Putting forth of Wilde Oats whereinto Corne oftentimes especially Barley doth degenerate It happeneth chiefly from the Weaknesse of the Graine that is sowen For if it be either too Old or Mouldy it will bring forth Wilde Oats Another Disease is the Saciety of the Ground For if you sow one Ground still with the same Corne I meane not the same Corne that grew vpon the same Ground but the same Kinde of Graine As Wheat Barley c. it will prosper but poorely Therefore besides the Resting of the Ground you must vary the Seed Another ill Accident is from the Winds which hurt at two times At the Flowring by Shaking off the Flowers And at the full Ripening by Shaking out the Corne. Another ill Accident is Drouth at the Spindling of the Corne Which with vs is rate But in Hotter Countries common Insomuch as the Word Calamitas was first deriued from Calamus when the Corne could not get out of the Stalke Another ill Accident is Ouer-wet at Sowing-Time which with vs breedeth much Dearth Insomuch as the Corne neuer commeth vp And many times they are forced to resow Sommer-Corne where they sowed Winter-Corne Another ill Accident is Bitter Frosts continued without Snow Especially in the Beginning of the Winter after the Seed is new Sowen Another Disease is Wormes which sometimes breed in the Root and happen vpon Hot Sunnes and Showers immediately after the Sowing And another Worme breedeth in the Eare it Selfe Especially when Hot Sunnes breake often out of Clouds Another Disease is Weeds And they are such as either Choake and Ouershadow the Corne and beare it downe Or starue the Corne and deceiue it of Nourishment Another Disease is Ouer-Rancknesse of the Corne Which they vse to remedy by Mowing it after it is come vp Or putting Sheepe into it Another ill Accident is Laying of Corne with great Raines neare or in Harnest Another ill Accident is if the Seed happen to haue touched Oyle or any Thing that is Fat For those Substances haue an Antipathy with Nourishment of Water The Remedies of the Diseases of Corne haue beene obserued as followeth The Steeping of the Graine before Sowing a little time in Wine is thought a Presernatiue The Mingling of Seed-Corne with Ashes is thought to be good The Sowing at the Wane of the Moone is thought to make the Corne sound It hath not beene practised but it is thought to be of vse to make some Miscellane in Corne As if you sow a few Beanes with Wheat your Wheat will be the better It hath beene obserued that the Sowing of Corne with Honsleeke doth good Though Graine that toucheth Oyle or Fat receiueth hurt yet the Steeping of it in the Dregs of Oyle when it beginneth to Putrifie which they call Amurca is thought to assure it against Wormes It is reported also that it Corne be Mowed it will make the Graine Longer but Emptier and hauing More of the Huske It hath beene noted that Seed of a yeare old is the Best And of two or three yeares is Worse And that which is more Old is quite Barren Though no doubt some Seeds and Graines last better than others The Corne which in the Vanning lieth lowest is the best And the Corne which broken or bitten retaineth a little Yellownesse is better than that which is very White It hath beene obserued that of all Roots of Herbs the Root of Sorrell goeth the furthest into the Earth Insomuch as it hath bin knowne to go three Cubits deepe And that it is the Root that continueth fit longest to be set againe of any Root that groweth It is a Cold and Acide Herbe that as it seemeth loueth the Earth and is not much drawne by the Sunne It hath beene obserued that some Herbs like best being watred with salt-Salt-Water As Radish Beet Rew Pennyroyall This Triall would be extended to some other Herbs Especially such as are Strong As Tarragon Mustard-Seed Rocket and the like It is strange that is generally receiued how some Poysonous Beasts affect Odorate and Wholesome Herbs As that the Snake loueth Fennell That the Toad will be much vnder Sage That Frogs will be in Cinque foile It may be it is rather the Shade or other Couerture that they take liking in than the Vertue of the Herbe It were a Matter of great Profit saue that I doubt it is too Coniecturall to venture vpon if one could discerne what Corne Herbs or Fruits are like to be in Plenty or Scarcity by some Signes and Prognosticks in the Beginning of the Yeare For as for those that are like to be in Plenty they may be bargained for vpon the Ground As the Old Relation was of Thales who to shew how easie it was for a Philosopher to be rich when he fore-saw a great Plenty of Oliues made a Monopoly of them And for Scarcity Men may make Profit in keeping better the Old Store Long Continuance of Snow is beleeued to make a Fruitfull Yeare of Corne An Earely Winter or a very Late Winter a Barren Yeare of Corne An Open and Serene Winter an ill Yeare of Fruit These we haue partly touched before But other Prognostickes of like Nature are diligently to be enquired There seeme to be in some Plants Singularities wherein they differ from all Other The Oliue hath the Oyly
not take vpon vs now to Enumerate them all The Insecta haue beene noted by the Ancients to feed little But this hath not beene diligently obserued For Grashoppers eat vp the Greene of whole Countries And Silke-wormes deuoure Leaues swiftly And Ants make gret Prouision It is true that Creatures that Sleepe and rest much Eat little As Dormise and Bats c. They are all without Bloud Which may be for that the Iuyce of their Bodies is almost all one Not Bloud and Flesh and Skin and Bone as in Perfect Creatures The Integrall Parts haue Extreme Variety but the Similar Parts little It is true that they haue some of them a Disphragme and an Intestine And they haue all Skins Which in most of the Insecta are cast often They are not generally of long Life Yet Bees haue beene knowne to liue seuen yeares And Snakes are thought the rather for the Casting of their Spoils to liue till they be Old And Eeles which many times breed of Putrefaction will liue and grow very long And those that Enterchange from Wormes to Flyes in the Summer and from Flyes to Wormes in the Winter haue beene kept in Boxes oure kyears at the least Yet there are certain Flyes that are called Ephemera that liue but a day The Cause is the Exility of the Spirit Or perhaps the Absence of the Sunne For that if they were brought in or kept close they might liue longer Many of the Insecta as Butterflies and other Flies reuiue easily when they seeme dead being brought to the Sunne or Fire The Cause whereof is the Diffusion of the Vitall Spirit and the Easie Dilating of it by a little Heat They stirre a good while after their Heads are off or that they be cut in Pecces Which is caused also for that their Vitall Spirits are more diffused thorow-out all their Parts and lesse confined to Organs than in Perfect Creatures The Insecta haue Voluntary Motion and therefore Imagination And whereas some of the Ancients haue said that their Motion is Indeterminate and their Imagination Indefinite it is negligently obserued For Arts goe right forwards to their Hills And Bees doe admirably know the way from a Flowry Heath two or three Miles off to their Hiues It may be Gnats and Flyes haue their Imagination more mutable and giddy as Small Birds likewise haue It is said by some of the Ancients that they haue onely the Sense of Feeling which is manifestly vntrue For if they goe forth-right to a Place they must needs haue Sight Besides they delight more in one Flower or Herbe than in another and therefore haue Taste And Bees are called with Sound vpon Brasse and therefore they haue Hearing Which sheweth likewise that though their Spirit be diffused yet there is a Seat of their Senses in their Head Other Obseruations concerning the Insecta together with the Enumeration of them wee referre to that place where wee meane to handle the Title of Animal's in generall A Man Leapeth better with Weights in his Hands than without The Cause is for that the Weight if it be proportionable strengthneth the Sinneues by Contracting them For otherwise where no Contraction is needfull Weight hindereth As wee see in Horse-Races Men are curious to fore-see that there be not the least Weight vpon the one Horse more than vpon the other In Leaping with Weights the Armes are first cast backwards and then forwards with so much the greater Force For the Hands goe backward before they take their Raise Quaere if the contrary Motion of the Spirits immediately before the Motion wee intend doth not cause the Spirits as it were to breake forth with more Force As Breath also drawne and kept in commeth forth more forcibly And in Casting of any Thing the Armes to make a greater Swing are first cast backward Of Musicall Tones and Vnequall Sounds wee haue spoken before But touching the Pleasure and Displeasure of the Senses not so fully Harsh Sounds as of a Sawe when it is sharpened Grinding of one Stone against another Squeaking or Skriching Noise make a Shiuering or Horrour in the Body and set the Teeth on edge The Cause is for that the Obiects of the Eare doe affect the Spirits immediately most with Pleasure and Offence We see there is no Colour that affecteth the Eye much with Displeasure There be Sights that are Horrible because they excite the Memory of Things that are Odious or Fearefull But the same Things Painted doe little affect As for Smells Tastes and Touches they be Things that doe affect by a Participation or Impulsion of the Body of the Obiect So it is Sound alone that doth immediately and incorporeally affect most This is most manifest in Musicke and Concords and Discords in Musicke For all Sounds whether they be sharpe or Flat if they be Sweet haue a Roundnesse and Equality And if they be Harsh are Vnequall For a Discord it selfe is but a Harshnesse of Diners Sounds Meeting It is true that Inequality not Stayed vpon but Passing is rather an Encrease of Sweetnesse As in the Purling of a Wreathed String And in the Rancity of a Trumpet And in the Nightinghale-Pipe of a Regall And in a Discord straight falling vpon a Concord But if you stay vpon it it is Offensiue And therefore there bee these three Degrees of Pleasing and Displeasing in Sounds Sweet Sounds Discords and Harsh Sounds which we call by diuers Names as Skriching or Grating such as wee now speake of As for the Setting of the Teeth on Edge we see plainly what an Intercourse there is betweene the Teeth and the Organ of the Hearing by the Taking of the End of a Bow betweene the Teeth and Striking vpon the String NATVRALL HISTORIE VIII Century THere be Mineralls and Fossiles in great Varietie But of Veines of Earth Medicinall but few The Chiefe are Terra Lemnia Terra Sigillata communis and Bolus Arminus Whereof Terra Lemnia is the Chiefe The Vertues of them are for Curing of Wounds Stanching of Bloud Stopping of Flaxes and Rheumes and Arresting the Spreading of Poison Infection and Putrefaction And they haue of all other Simples the Perfectest and Purest Qualitie of Drying with little or no Mixture of any other Qualitie Yet it is true that the Bole-Arminicke is the most Cold of them And that Terra Lemnia is the most Hot For which Cause the Island Lemnos where it is digged was in the Old Fabulous Ages consecrated to Vulcan About the Bottome of the Straights are gathered great Quantities of Sponges which are gathered from the sides of Rocks being as it were a large but tough Mosse It is the more to be noted because that there be but few Substances Plant-like that grow deepe within the Sea For they are gathered sometimes fifteene Fathome deepe And when they are laid on Shoare they seeme to be of great Bulke But crushed together will be transported in a very small Roome It seemeth that Fish that are vsed to
Dimension But withall that notwithstanding all the Embalming which no doubt was of the best the Body was so Tender as Caesar touching but the Nose of it defaced it Which maketh mee finde it very strange that the Egyptian Mummies should be reported to be as Hard as Stone-Pitch For I finde no difference but one Which indeed may be very Materiall Namely that the Ancient AEgyptian Mummies were shrowded in a Number of Folds of Linnen besmeared with Gums in manner of Seare-Cloth Which it doth not appeare was practised vpon the Body of Alexander Neare the Castle of Catie and by the Wells of Assan in the Land of Idumea a great Part of the Way you would thinke the Sea were neare hand though it be a good distance off And it is Nothing but the Shining of the Nitre vpon the Sea-Sands Such Abundance of Nitre the Shores there doe put forth The Dead-Sea which vomiteth vp Bitumen is of that Crassitude as Liuing Bodies bound Hand and Foot cast into it haue beene borne vp and not sunke Which sheweth that all Sinking into Water is but an Ouer-Weight of the Body put into the Water in respect of the Water So that you may make Water so strong and heauy of Quicke-Siluer perhaps or the like as may beare vp Iron Of which I see no Vse but Imposture Wee see also that all Metalls except Gold for the same reason swimme vpon Quicke-Siluer It is reported that at the Feet of a Hill neare the More mortuum there is a Blacke Stone whereof Pilgrims make Fires which burneth like a Coale and diminisheth not But only waxeth Brighter and Whiter That it should doe so is not strange For wee see Iron Red Hot burneth and consumeth not But the Strangenesse is that it should continue any time so For Iron as soone as it is out of the Fire deadeth straight waies Certainly it were a Thing of great Vse and Profit if you could finde out Fuell that would burne Hot and yet last long Neither am I altogether Incredulous but there may be such Candles as they say are made of Salamanders Wooll Being a Kinde of Minerall which whiteneth also in the Burning and consumeth not The Question is this Flame must be made of somewhat And commonly it is made of some Tangible Body which hath Weight But it is not impossible perhaps that it should be made of Spirit or Vapour in a Body which Spirit on Vapour hath no Weight such as is the Matter of Ignis â—â—â—â—â—s But then you will say that that Vapour also can last but a short time To that it may be answered That by the helpe of Oile and Wax and other Candle-Stuffe the Flame may continue and the Wieke not burne Sea-Coale last longer than Char-Coale And Char-Coale of Roots being coaled into great Peeces last longer than Ordinary Char-Coale Turfe and Peat and Cow-Sheards are cheape Fuels and last long Small-Coale or Briar-Coale powred vpon Char-Coale make them last longer Sedge is a cheape Fuell to Brew or Bake with the rather because it is good for Nothing else Triall would be made of some Mixture of Sea-Coale with Earth or Chalko For if that Mixture be as the Sea-Coale-Men vse it priuily to make the Bulke of the Coale greater it is Deceit But if it be vsed purposely and be made knowne it is Sauing It is at this Day in vse in Gâ—â—â—â— to couch Pat-Sheards or Vessels of Earth in their Walls to gather the Wind from the Top and to passe it downe in Spouts into Roomes It is a Deuice for Freshnesse in great Heats And it is said there are some Roomes in Italie and Spaine for Freshnesse and Gathering the Winds and Aire in the Heats of Summer But they be but Pennings of the Winds and Enlarging them againe and Making them Reuerberate and goe round in Circles rather than this Deuice of Spouts in the Wall There would be vsed much diligence in the Choice of some Bodies and Places as it were for the Testing of Aire to discouer the Wholesomenesse or Vnwholesomenesse as well of Seasons as of the Seats of Dwellings It is certaine that there be some Heuses wherein Confitures and Pies will gather Mould more than in Others And I am perswaded that a Peece of Raw Flesh or Fish will sooner corrupt in some Aires than in Others They be noble Experiments that can make this Discouerie For they serue for a Naturall Diuination of Seasons Better than the Astronomer can by their Figures And againe they teach Men where to chuse their Dwelling for their better Health There is a Kinde of Stone about Bethlesâ— which they grinde to Powder and put into Water whereof Cattell drinke Which maketh them giue more Milke Surely there would be some better Trialls made of Mixtures of Water in Ponds for Cattell to make them more Milch Or to Fatten them Or to Keepe them from Murraine It may be Chalke and Nitre are of the best It is reported that in the Valley neare the Mountaine Carmel in Iudea there is a Sand which of all other hath most Affinitie with Glasse Insomuch as other Mineralls laid in it turne to a Glassie Substance without the Fire And againe Glasse put into it turneth into the Mother-Sand The Thing is very strange if it be true And it is likeliest to be Caused by some Naturall Fornace or Heat in the Earth And yet they doe not speake of any Eruption of Flames It were good to trie in Glasse-Workes whether the Crude Materialls of Glasse mingled with Glasse already made and Re-moulten doe not facilitate the Making of Glasse with lesse Heat In the Sea vpon the South-West of Sicilie much Corall is found It is a Sub-Marine Plan. It hath no Leanes It brancheth only when it is vnder Water It is Soft and Greene of Colour But being brought into the Aire it becommeth Hard and Shining Red as wee see It is said also to haue a White Berry But wee finde it not brought ouer with the Corall Belike it is cast away as nothing worth Inquire better of it for the Difcouerie of the Nature of the Plant. The Manns of Calabria is the best and in most Plenty They gather it from the Leafe of the Mulberry Tree But not of such Mulberry Trees as grow in the Valley's And Manns falleth vpon the Leaues by Night as other Deawes doe It should seeme that before those Deawes come vpon Trees in the Valley's they dissipate and cannot hold out It should seeme also the Mulberry-Leafe it selfe hath some Coagulating Vertue which inspissateth the Deaw for that it is not found vpon other Trees And wee see by the Silke-Worme which feedeth vpon that Leafe what 's Dainty Smooth Iuyce it hath And the Leaues also especially of the Blacke Mulberry are somewhat Bristly which may helpe to preserue the Deaw Certainly it were not amisse to obscrue a little better the Deawes that fall vpon Trees or Herbs Growing on Mountaines For it
put into Furnaces Vpon which Fire worketh not So that there are three Causes of Fixation The Euen Spreading both of the Spirits and Tangible Parts The Closenesse of the Tangible Parts And the Ieiunenesse or Extreme Comminution of Spirits Of which Three the Two First may be ioyned with a Nature Liquefiable The Last not It is Profound Contemplation in Nature to consider of the Emptinesse as we may call it or Insatisfaction of seuerall Bodies And of their Appetite to take in Others Aire taketh in Lights and Sounds and Smells and Vapours And it is most manifest that it doth it with a kinde of Thirst as not satisfied with his owne former Consistence For else it would neuer receiue them in so suddenly and easily Water and all Liquours doe hastily receiue Dry and more Terrestriall Bodies Proportionable And Dry Bodies on the other side drinke in Waters and Liquours So that as it was well said by one of the Ancients of Earthy and Watry Substances One is a Glue to another Parchment Skins Cloth c. drinke in Liquours though themselues be Entire Bodies and not Comminuted as Sand and Ashes Nor apparently Porous Metalls themselues doe receiue in readily Strong-Waters And Strong-Waters likewise doe readily pierce into Metalls and Stones And that Strong-Water will touch vpon Gold that will not touch vpon Siluer And è conuerso And Gold which seemeth by the Weight to be the Closest and most Solide Body doth greedily drinke in Quick-Siluer And it seemeth that this Reception of other Bodies is not Violent For it is many times Reciprocall and as it were with Consent Of the Cause of this and to what Axiome it may be referred consider attentiuely For as for the Pretty Assertion that Matter is like a Common Strumpet that desireth all Formes it is but a Wandring Notion Onely Flame doth not content it selfe to take in any other Body But either to ouercome and turne another Body into it Selfe as by Victory Or it Selfe to dye and goe out NATVRALL HISTORIE IX Century IT is certaine that all Bodies whatsoeuer though they haue no Sense yet they haue Perception For when one Body is applied to another there is a Kinde of Election to embrace that which is Agreeable and to exclude or expell that which is Ingrate And whether the Body be Alterant or Altered euermore a Perception precedeth Operation For else all Bodies would be alike One to Another And sometimes this Perception in some Kinde of Bodies is farre more Subtill than the Sense So that the Sense is but a dull Thing in Comparison of it Wee see a Weather-Glasse will finde the least difference of the Weather in Heat or Cold when Men finde it not And this Perception also is sometimes at Distance as well as vpon the Touch As when the Load-Stone draweth Iron or Flame fireth Naphtha of Babylon a great distance off It is therefore a Subiect of a very Noble Enquiry to enquire of the more Subtill Perceptions For it is another Key to open Nature as well as the Sense And sometimes Better And besides it is a Principall Meanes of Naturall Diuination For that which in these Perceptions appeareth early in the great Effects commeth long after It is true also that it serueth to discouer that which is Hid as well as to foretell that which is to Come As it is in many Subtill Trialls As to trie whether Seeds be old or new the Sense cannot informe But if you boile them in Water the New Seeds will sprout sooner And so of Water the Taste will not discouer the best Water But the Speedy Consuming of it and many other Meanes which we haue heretofore set downe will discouer it So in all Physiognomy the Lineaments of the Body will discouer those Naturall Inclinations of the Minde which Dissimulation will conceale or Discipline will suppresse Wee shall therefore now handle only those two Perceptions which pertaine to Naturall Diuination and Discouery Leauing the Handling of Perception in other Things to be disposed Elsewhere Now it is true that Diuination is attained by other Meanes As if you know the Causes If you know the Concomitants you may iudge of the Effect to follow And the like may be said of Discouery But wee tie our Selues here to that Diuination and Discouery chiefly which is Caused by an Early or Subtill Perception The Aptnesse or Propension of Aire or Water to Corrupt or Putrifie no doubt is to be found before it breake forth into manifest Effects of Diseases Blastings or the like Wee will therefore set downe some Prognosticks of Pestilentiall and Vnwholsome Yeares The Wind blowing much from the South without Raine And Wormes in the Oake-Apple haue beene spoken of before Also the Plenty of Frogs Grashappers Flies and the like Creatures bred of Putrefaction doth portend Pestilentiall Yeares Great and Early Heats in the Spring and namely in May without Winds portend the same And generally so doe Yeares with little Wind or Thunder Great Droughts in Summer lasting till towards the End of August and some Gentle Showres vpon them And then some Drie Weather againe Doe portend a Pestilent Summer the Yeare following For about the End of August all the Sweetnesse of the Earth which goeth into Plants and Trees is exhaled And much more if the August be dry So that nothing then can breathe forth of the Earth but a grosse Vapour which is apt to Corrupt the Aire And that Vapour by the first Showres if they be Gentle is released and commeth forth abundantly Therefore they that come abroad soone after those Showres are commonly taken with Sicknesse And in Affricke no Body will stirre out of doores after the first Showres But if the Showres come vehemently then they rather wash and fill the Earth than giue it leaue to breathe forth presently But if Drie Weather come againe then it fixeth and continueth the Corruption of the Aire vpon the first Showres begun And maketh it of ill Influence euen to the Next Summer Except a very Frostie Winter discharge it Which seldome succeedeth such Droughts The Lesser Infections of the Small Pockes Purple Feuers Agues in the Summer Precedent and houering all Winter doe portend a great Pestilence in the Summer following For Putrefaction doth not rise to his height at once It were good to lay a Peece of Raw Flesh or Fish in the Open Aire And if it Putrefie quickly it is a Signe of a Disposition in the Aire to Putrefaction And because you cannot be informed whether the Putrefaction be quicke or late except you compare this Experiment with the like Experiment in another Yeare it were not amisse in the same Yeare and at the same Time to lay one Peece of Flesh or Fish in the Open Aire and another of the same Kinde and Bignesse within Doores For I iudge that if a generall Disposition be in the Aire to Putrefie the Flesh or Fish will sooner Putrefie abroad where the Aire hath more power than in the House where it
getteth into a Body Whereas in the first Putting vp it commeth in little Portions We spake of the Ashes that Coales cast off And of Grasse and Chaffe carried by the Wind So any Light Thing that moueth when we finde no Wind sheweth a Wind at hand As when Feathers or Downe of Thistles fly to and fro in the Aire For Prognosticks of Weather from Liuing Creatures it is to be noted That Creatures that Liue in the Open Aire Sub Diô must needs haue a Quicker Impression from the Aire than Men that liue most within Doores And especially Birds who liue in the Aire freest and clearest And are aptest by their Voice to tell Tales what they finde And likewise by the Motion of their Flight to expresse the same Water-Fowles as Sea-Gulls More-Hens c. when they flocke and fly together from the Sea towards the Shores And contrariwise Land-Birds as Crowes Swallowes c. when they fly from the Land to the Waters and beat the Waters with their Wings doe fore-shew Raine and Wind. The Cause is Pleasure that both Kindes take in the Moistnesse and Density of the Aire And so desire to be in Motion and vpon the Wing whither soeuer they would otherwise goe For it is no Maruell that Water-Fowle doe ioy most in that Aire which is likest Water And Land-Birds also many of them delight in Bathing and Moist Aire For the same Reason also many Birds doe proine their Feathers And Geese doe gaggle And Crowes seeme to call vpon Raine All which is but the Comfort they seeme to receiue in the Relenting of the Aire The Heron when she foareth high so as sometimes she is seene to passe ouer a Cloud sheweth Winds But Kites flying aloft shew Faire and Dry Weather The Cause may be for that they both mount most into the Aire of that Temper wherein they delight And the Heron being a Water-Fowle taketh pleasure in the Aire that is Condensed And besides being but Heauy of Wing needeth the Helpe of the Grosser Aire But the Kite affecteth not so much the Grossenesse of the Aire as the Cold and Freshnesse thereof For being a Bird of Prey and therefore Hot she delighteth in the Fresh Aire And many times flyeth against the Wind As Trouts and Salmons swimme against the Streame And yet it is true also that all Birds finde an Ease in the depth of the Aire As Swimmers doe in a Deepe Water And therefore when they are aloft they can vphold themselues with their Wings Spred scarce mouing them Fishes when they play towards the Top of the Water doe commonly foretell Raine The Cause is for that a Fish hating the Dry will not approach the Aire till it groweth Moist And when it is Dry will fly it and Swimme Lower Beasts doe take Comfort generally in a Moist Aire And it maketh them eat their Meat better And therefore Sheepe will get vp betimes in the Morning to feed against Raine And Cattell and Deere and Conneyes will feed hard before Raine And a Heifer will put vp his Nose and snuffe in the Aire against Raine The Trifoile against Raine swelleth in the Stalke and so standeth more vpright For by Wet Stalkes doe erect and Leaues bow downe I here is a Small Red Flower in the Stubble-Fields which Country People call the Wincopipe Which if it open in the Morning you may be sure of a faire Day to follow Euen in Men Aches and Hurts and Cornes doe engrieue either towards Raine or towards Frost For the One maketh the Humours more to Abound And the Other maketh them Sharper So we see both Extremes bring the Gout Wormes Vermine c. doe fore-shew likewise Raine For Earth-wormes will come forth and Moules will cast vp more and Fleas bite more against Raine Solide Bodies likewise fore-shew Raine As Stones and Wainscot when they sweat And Boxes and Peggs of Wood when they Draw and Wind hard Though the Former be but from an Outward Cause For that the Stone or Wainscot turneth and beateth backe the Aire against it selfe But the latter is an Inward Swelling of the Body of the Wood it selfe Apetite is moued chiefly by Things that are Cold and Dry The Cause is for that Cold is a Kinde of Indigence of Nature and calleth vpon Supply And so is Drinesse And therefore all Soure Things as Vinegar Iuyce of Limons Oyle of Vitrioll c. prouoke Appetite And the Disease which they call Appetitus Caninus consisteth in the Matter of an Acide and Glassy Flegme in the Mouth of the Stomach Appetite is also moued by Soure Things For that Soure Things induce a Contraction in the Nerues placed in the Mouth of the Stomach Which is a great Cause of Appetite As for the Cause why Onions and Salt and Pepper in Baked Meats moue Appetite it is by Vellication of those Nerues For Motion whetteth As for Worme-Wood Oliues Capers and others of that kinde which participate of Bitternesse they moue Appetite by Abstersion So as there be foure Principall Causes of Appetite The Refrigeration of the Stomach ioyned with some Drinesse Contraction Vellication And Abstersion Besides Hunger which is an Emptinesse And yet Ouer Fasting doth many times cause the Appetite to cease For that Want of Meat maketh the Stomach draw Humours And such Humours as are Light and Cholericke which quench Appetite most It hath beene obserued by the Ancients that where a Raine-Bow seemeth no hang ouer or to touch there breatheth forth a Sweet Smell The Cause is for that this happeneth but in certaine Matters which haue in themselues some Sweetnesse Which the Gentle Dew of the Raine-Bow doth draw forth And the like doe Safe Showers For they also make the Ground Sweet But none are so delicate as the Dew of the Rain-bow where it falleth It may be also that the Water it selfe bath some Sweetnesse For the Raine-Bow consisteth of a Gloâ—â—eration of Small Drops which cannot possibly fall but from the Aire that is very Low And therefore may hold the very Sweetnesse of the Herbs and Flowers as a Distilled Water For Raine and other Dew that fall from high cannot preserue the Smell being dissipated in the drawing vp Neither doe we know whether some Water it selfe may not haue some degree of Sweetnesse It is true that wee finde it sensibly in no Poole Riuer nor Fountaine But good Earth newly turned vp hath a Freshnesse and good Sent Which water if it be not too Equall For Equall Obiects neuer moue the Sense may also haue Certaine it is that Bay-Salt which is but a kinde of Water Congealed will sometimes smell like Violets To Sweet Smells Heat is requisite to Concoct the Matter And some Moisture to Spread the Breath of them For Heat we see that Woods and Spices are more Odorate in the Hot Countries than in the Cold For Moisture we see that Things too much Dried lose their Sweetnesse And Flowers growing smell better in a Morning or Euening than at Noone Some Sweet Smells are
People within Houses As in Churches At Arraignments At Playes and Solemnities And the like For Poysoning of Aire is no lesse dangerous than Poysoning of Water Which hath beene vsed by the Turkes in the Warres And was vsed by Emanuel Commenus towards the Christians when they passed thorow his Countrey to the Holy Land And these Empoisonments of Aire are the more dangerous in Meetings of People Because the much Breath of People doth further the Reception of the Infection And therefore where any such Thing is feared it were good those Publique Places were perfumed before the Assemblies The Empoysonment of Particular Persons by Odours hath beene reported to be in Perfumed Gloues or the like And it is like they Mingle the Poyson that is dexdly with some Smels that are Sweet which also maketh it the sooner receiued Plagues also haue been raised by Annointings of the Chinckes of Doores and the like Nor so much by the Touch as for that it is common for Men when they finde any thing Wet vpon their Fingers to put them to their Nose Which Men therefore should take heed how they doe The best is that these Compositions of Infectious Aires cannot be made without Danger of Death to them that make them But then againe they may haue some Antidotes to saue themselues So that Men ought not to be secure of it There haue beene in diuers Countries great Plagues by the Putrefaction of great Swarmes of Grasse-Hoppers and Lâ—custs when they haue beene dead and cast vpon Heaps It hapneth oft in Mines that there are Damps which kill either by Suffocation or by the Poysonous Nature of the Minerall And those that deale much in Refining or other Workes about Metals and Minerals haue their Braines Hurt and Stupefied by the Metalline Vapours Amongst which it is noted that the Spirits of Quick-Siluer euer fly to the Skull Teeth or Bones In so much as Gilders vse to haue a Peece of Gold in their Mouth to draw the Spirits of the Quick-Siluer Which Gold afterwards they finde to be Whintened There are also certaine Lakes and Pits such as that of Anernus that Poyson Birds as is said which fly ouer them Or Men that stay too long about them The Vapour of Char-Code or Sea-Coale in a Close Roome hath killed many And it is the more dangerous because it commeth without any Tll Smell But stealeth on by little and little Enducing only a Fâ—â—â—nesse without any Manifest Strangling When the Dutch-Men Wintred at Noua Zembla and that they could gather no more Stickes they fell to make Fire of some Sea-Coale they had wherewith at first they were much refreshed But a little after they had sit about the Fire there grew a Generall Silence and lothnesse to speake amongst them And immediately after One of the Weakest of the Company fell downe in a Swoune Whereupon they doubting what it was opened their doore to let in Aire and so saued themselues The Effect no doubt is wrought by the Inspissation of the Aire And so of the Breath and Spirits The like ensueth in Roomes newly Plastered if a Fire be made in them Whereof no lesse Man than the Emperour Ioninianus Died. Vide the Experiment 803. touching the Infectious Nature of the Aire vpon the First Showers after long Drought It hath come to passe that some Apothecaries vpon Stamping of Coloquintida haue beene put into a great Skâ—â—ring by the Vapour onely It hath beene a Practise to burne a Pepper they call Ginny-Pepper Which hath such a strong Spirit that it prouoketh a Continuall Sneezing in those that are in the Roome It is an Ancient Tradition that Bleare-Byes infect Sound-Eyes And that a Menstruous Woman looking vpon a Glasse doth rust it Nay they haue an Opinion which seemeth Fabulous That Menstruous Women going ouer a Field or Garden doe Corne and Herbes good by Killing the Wormes The Tradition is no lesse Ancient that the Bafiliske killeth by Aspect And that the Wolfe if he see a Man first by Aspect striketh a Man hoarse Perfumes Conuenient doe dry and strengthen the Braine And stay Rbeumes and Defluxions As we finde in Fame of Rose-Mary dryed and Lignum Aloës and Calamus taken at the Mouth and Nosthrils And no doubt there be other Perfumes that doe moisten and refresh And are fit to be vsed in Burning Agues Consumptions and too much Wakefulnesse Such as are Rose-Water Vinegar Limon-Pills Violets the Leanes of Vines sprinckled with a little Rose-Water c. They doe vse in Sudden Faintings and Swonnings to put a Handkerchiefe with Rose Water or a Little Vinegar to the Nose Which gathereth together againe the Spirits which are vpon point to resolue and fall away Tobacco comforteth the Spirits and dischargeth Wearinesse Which it worketh partly by Opening But chiefly by the Opiate Vertue which condenseth the Spirits It were good therefore to try the Taking of Fumes by Pipes as they doe in Tobacco of other Things As well to dry and comfort as for other Intentions I wish Triall be made of the Drying Fume of Rose-Mary and Lignum Aloës before mentioned in Pipe And so of Nutmeg and Folium Indum c. The Following of the Plough hath been approued for Refreshing the Spirits and Procuring Appetite But to doe it in the Ploughing for Wheat or Rye is not so good Because the Earth hath spent her Sweet Breath in Vegetables put forth in Summer It is better therefore to doe it when you sow Barley But because Ploughing is tied to Seasons it is best to take the Aire of the Earth new turned vp by Digging with the Spade Or Standing by him that Diggeth Gentlewomen may doe themselues much good by kneeling vpon a Cushion and Weeding And these Things you may practise in the best Seasons Which is euer the Early Spring before the Earth putteth forth the Vegetables And in the Sweetest Earth you can chuse It would be done also when the Dew is a little off the Ground lest the Vapour be too Moist I knew a great Man that liued Long who had a Cleane Clod of Earth brought to him euery Morning as he sate in his Bed And he would hold his Head ouer it a good pretty while I Commend also sometimes in Digging of New Earth to poure in some Malmesey or Greeke Wine That the Vapour of the Earth and Wine together may comfort the Spirits the more Prouided alwaies it be not taken for a Heathen Sacrifice or Libation to the Earth They haue in Physicke Vse of Pomanders and Knots of Powders for Drying of Rheumes Comforting of the Heart Prouking of Sleepe c. For though those Things be not so Strong as Perfumes yet you may haue them continually in your Hand whereas Perfumes you can take but at Times And besides there be diuers Things that breath better of themselues than when they come to the Fire As Nigella Romana the Seed of Melanthium Aâ—oâ—num c. There be two Things which inwardly vsed doe Coole and condense the Spirits
1. ibid. Of Bodies Sulphureous and Mercuriall Exp. 5. pag. 95 Of the Chameleon Exp. 1. pag. 96 Of Subterrany Fires Exp. 1. pag. 97 Of Nitrous Water Exp. 1. ibid. Of Congealing of Aire Exp. 1. ibid. Of Congealing Water into Crystall Exp. 1. ibid. Of Preseruing the Smell and Colour in Rose-Leaues Exp. 1. pag. 98 Of the Lasting of Flame Exp. 10. ibid. Of Infusions or Burialls of diuers Bodies in Earth Exp. 5. pag. 101 Of the Affects of Mens Bodies from seuerall Winds Exp. 1. pag. 102 Of Winter and Summer Sicknesses Exp. 1. ibid. Of Pestilentiall Yeares Exp. 1. ibid. Of Epidemicall Diseases Exp. 1. ibid. Of Preseruation of Liquours in Wells or deepe Vaults Exp. 1. ibid. Of Stutting Exp. 1. pag. 103 Of Sweet Smells Exp. 4. ibid. Of the Goodnesse and Choice of Waters Exp. 7. pag. 104 Of Temperate Heats vnder the AEquinoctiall Exp. 1. pag. 105 Of the Colouration of Blacke and Tawney Moores Exp. 1. ibid. Of Motion after the instant of Death Exp. 1. pag. 106 Century V. OF Accelerating or Hastening forward Germination Exper. 12. pag. 109 Of Retarding or putting backe Germination Exp. 9. pag. 112 Of Meliorating or making better Fruits and Plants Exp. 55. pag. 114 Of Compound Fruits and Flowers Exp. 3. pag. 122 Of Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants Exp. 19. pag. 123 Of Making Herbs and Fruits Medicinable Exp. 2. pag. 128 Century VI. OF Curiosities about Fruits and Plants Exp. 17. pag. 131 Of the Degenerating of Plants And of their Transmutation one into another Exp. 14. pag. 135 Of the Proceritie and Lownesse of Plants And of Artificiall Dwarsing them Exp. 5. pag. 138 Of the Ruatments of Plants And of the Excrescences of Plants or Super-Plants Exp. 26. ibid. Of producing Perfect Plants without Seed Exp. 11. pag. 143 Of Forraine Plants Exp. 3. pag. 144 Of the Seasons of seuerall Plants Exp. 6. pag. 145 Of the Lasting of Plants Exp. 5. pag. 146 Of seuerall Figures of Plants Exp. 3. pag. 147 Of some principall Differences in Plants Exp. 4. pag. 148 Of all Manner of Composts and Helps for Ground Exp. 6. pag. 149 Century VII OF the Affinities and Differences betweene Plants and Bodies Inanimate Exp. 6. pag. 153 Of Affinities and Differences betweene Plants and Liuing Creatures And of the Consiners and Participles of Both. Exp. 3. pag. 154 Of Plants Experiments Promiscuous Exp. 67. pag. 155 Of Healing of Wounds Exp. 1. pag. 169 Of Fat diffused in Flesh. Exp. 1. ibid. Of Ripening Drinke speedily Exp. 1. pag. 170 Of Pilositie and Plumage Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Quicknesse of Motion in Birds Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Clearnesse of the Sea the North Wind blowing Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Different Heats of Fire and Boyling Water Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Qualification of Heat by Moisture Exp. 1. pag. 171 Of Yawning Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Hiccough Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sneezing Exp. 1. pag. 172 Of the Tendernesse of the Teeth Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Tongue Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Mouth out of Taste Exp. 1. ibid. Of some Prognosticks of Pestilentiall Seasons Exp. 1. ibid. Of Speciall Simples for Medicines Exp. 1. ibid. Of Venus Exp. 3. pag. 173 Of the Infecta or Creatures bred of Putrefaction Exp. 3. pag. 174 Of Leaping Exp. 1. pag. 177 Of the Pleasures and Displeasures of Hearing and of the other Senses Exp. 1. ibid. Century VIII OF Veines of Earth Medicinall Exp. 1. pag. 181 Of Sponges Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sea-Fish in Fresh Waters Exp. 1. pag. 182 Of Attraction by Similitude of Substance Exp. 1. ibid. Of Certaine Drinks in Turkey Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sweat Exp. 6. pag. 183 Of the Glo-Worme Exp. 1. pag. 184 Of the Impressions vpon the Body from seuerall Passions of the Mind Exp. 10. ibid. Of Drunkennesse Exp. 4. pag. 187 Of the Hurt or Helpe of Wine taken moderately Exp. 1. pag. 188 Of Catterpillers Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Flyes Cantharides Exp. 1. pag. 189 Of Lassitude Exp. 2. ibid. Of Casting the Skin and Shell in some Creatures Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Postures of the Body Exp. 3. pag. 190 Of Pestilentiall Yeares Exp. 1. ibid. Of some Prognosticks of Hard Winters Exp. 1. ibid. Of certaine Medicines that condense and releeue the Spirits Exp. 1. pag. 191 Of paintings of the Body Exp. 1. ibid. Of the vse of Bathing and Annointing Exp. 1. ibid. Of Chamoletting of Paper Exp. 1. pag. 192 Of Cuttle-Inke Exp. 1. ibid. Of Earth increasing in Weight Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sleepe Exp. 3. ibid. Of Teeth and Hard Substances in the Bodies of Liuing Creatures Exp. 11. pag. 193 Of the Generation and Bearing of Liuing Creatures in the Wombe Exp. 3. pag. 195 Of Species Visible Exp. 2. pag. 196 Of Impulsion and Percussion Exp. 3. pag. 197 Of Titillation Exp. 1. pag. 198 Of Scarcity of Raine in AEgypt Exp. 1. ibid. Of Clarification Exp. 1. ibid. Of Plants without Leaues Exp. 1. pag. 199 Of the Materialls of Glasse Exp. 1. ibid. Of Prohibition of Putrefaction and the long Conseruation of Bodies Exp. 1. ibid. Of Abundance of Nitre in certaine Sea-Shoares Exp. 1. ibid. Of Bodies borne vp by Water Exp. 1. ibid. Of Fuell consuminglittle or nothing Exp. 1. ibid. Of Cheape Fuell Exp. 1. pag. 201 Of Gathering of Wind for Freshnesse Exp. 1. ibid. Of Trialls of Aires Exp. 1. ibid. Of Increasing Milke in Milch-Beasts Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sand of the Nature of Glasse Exp. 1. pag. 202 Of the Growth of Corall Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Gathering of Manna Exp. 1. ibid. Of Correcting of Wines Exp. 1. ibid. Of Bitumen one of the Materialls of Wilde-Fire Exp. 1. pag. 203 Of Plaster growing as hard as Marble Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Cure of some Vlcers and Hurts Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Healthfulnesse or Vnhealthfulnesse of the Southerne Wind. Exp. 1. ibid. Of Wounds made with Brasse and with Iron Exp. 1. ibid. Of Mortification by Cold. Exp. 1. pag. 204 Of Weight Exp. 1. ibid. Of Super-Natation of Bodies Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Flying of Vnequall Bodies in the Aire Exp. 1. ibid. Of Water that it may be the Medium of Sounds Exp. 1. pag. 205 Of the Flight of the Spirits vpon odious Obiects Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Super-Reflexion of Eccho's Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Force of Imagination imitating that of the Sense Exp. 1. pag. 206 Of Preseruation of Bodies Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Growth or Multiplying of Metalls Exp. 1. ibid. Of the Drowning the more base Metall in the more Pretious Exp. 1. ibid. Of Fixation of Bodies Exp. 1. pag. 207 Of the Restlesse Nature of Things in Themselues and their Desire to Change Exp. 1. ibid. Century IX OF Perception in Bodies Insensible tending to Naturall Diuination and Subtill Trialls Exp. 30. pag. 211 Of the Causes of Appetite in the Stomach Exp. 1. pag. 217 Of Sweetnesse of Odour from the Rain-Bow Exp. 1. ibid. Of Sweet Smells Exp. 1. pag. 218 Of the Corporeall Substance of Smells Exp. 1. ibid. Of Fetide and Fragrant Odours Exp. 1. ibid. Of the
Inuentions as wee thinke good And wee doe also declare Naturall Diuinations of Diseases Plagues Swarmes of Hurtfull Creatures Scarcety Tempests Earthquakes Great Inundations Cometts Temperature of the Yeare and diuerse other Things And wee giue Counsell thereupon what the People shall doe for the Preuention and Remedy of them And when Hee had sayd this Hee stood vp And I as I had beene taught kneeled downe and He layd his Right Hand vpon my Head and said GOD blesse thee my Sonne And GOD blesse this Relation which I haue made I giue thee leaue to Publish it for the Good of other Nations For wee here are in GODS Bosome a Land vnknowne And so hee left mee Hauing assigned a Valew about two Thousand Duckets for a Bounty to mee and my Fellowes For they giue great Largesses they come vpon all occasions The rest was not Perfected MAGNALIA NATVRAE PRAECIPVE QVOAD VSVS HVMANOS THe Prolongation of Life The Restitution of Youth in some Degree The Retardation of Age. The Curing of Diseases counted Incurable The Mitigation of Paine More Easie and lesse Loathsome Purgings The Encreasing of Strength and Actiuity The Encreasing of Ability to suffer Torture or Paine The Altering of Complexions And Fatnesse and Leannesse The Altering of Statures The Altering of Features The Encreasing and Exalting of the Intellectuall Parts Versions of Bodies into other Bodies Making of New Species Transplanting of one Species into another Instruments of Destruction as of Warre and Poyson Exhilaration of the Spirits and Putting them in good Disposition Force of the Imagination either vpon another Body or vpon the Body it selfe Acceleration of Time in Maturations Acceleration of Time in Clasifications Acceleration of Putrefaction Acceleration of Decoction Acceleration of Germination Making Rich Composts for the Earth Impressions of the Aire and Raising of Tempests Great Alteration As in Induration Emollition c. Turning Crude and VVatry Substances into Oyly and Vnctious Substances Drawing of New Foodes out of Substances not now in Vse Making New Threds for Apparell And New Stuffes Such as are Paper Glasse c. Naturall Diuinations Deceptions of the Senses Greater Pleasures of the Senses Artificiall Mineralls and Cements FINIS In the New Atlantis Pag. 28. lin 27. for both read bath Pag. 36. lin 6. for procueed read produced This Epistle is the same that should haue been prefixed to this Booke if his Lordship had liued Experiments in Consort touching the Straining and Passing of Bodies one through another which they Call Percolation Experiments in Consort touching Motion of Bodies vpon their Pressure Experiments in Consort touching Separations of Bodies by Weight Experiments in Consort touching Iudicious Accurate Infusions both in Liquors and Aire Experiment Solitary touching the Appetite of Continuation in liquids Experiment Solitary touching the Making of Artificiall Springs Experiment Solitary touching the Venemous Quality of Mans Flesh. Experiment Solitary touching the Version and Transmutation of Aire into Water Experiment Solitary touching Helpes towards the Beauty and good Features of Persons Experiments Solitary touching the Condensing of Aire in such sort as it may put on Weight and yield Nourishment Experiment Solitary touching the CoÌ„mixture of Flame and Aire and the great Force therof Experiment Solitary touching the Secret Nature of Flame Experiment Solitory touching the Different force of Flame in the Middest and on the Sides Experiment Solitary touching the Decrease of the Naturall motion of Grauity in great distance from the Earth or within some depth of the Earth Experiment Solitary touching the Contraction of Bodies in Bulke by the Mixture of the more Liquid Body with the more Solid Experiment Solitary touching the Making Vines more fruitfull Experiments in Consort touching Purging Medicines Experiments in Consort touching Meats and Drinks that are most Nourishing Experiment Solitary touching Filum Medicinale Experiment Solitary touching Cure by Custome Experiment Solitary touching Cure by Excesse Experiment Solitary touching Cure by Motion of Consent Experiment Solitary touching Cure of Diseases which are contrary to Predist sition Experiment Solitary touching Preparations before Purging and setling of the Body afterward Experiment Solitary touching Stocking of Bloud Experiment Solitary touching Change of Aliments and Medicines Experiment Solitary touching Diets Experiments in Consort touching the Production of Cold. Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Version and Transmutation of Aire into water Experiments in Consort touching Induration of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the Version of water into Aire Experiment Solitary touching the Force of Vnion Experiment Solitary touching the Producing of Feathers and Haires of diuers Colours Experiment Solitary touching the Nourishment of Liuing Creatures before they be brought forth Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching Sympathy and Antipathy for Medicinall vse Experiment Solitary touching the Secret Processes of Nature Experiment Solitary touching the Power of Heat Amalgama Experiment Solitary touching the Impossibility of Annibilation Experiments in Consort touching Musicke Experiments in Consort touching Sounds and first touching the Nullity and Entity of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching Production Conseruation and Dilation of Sounds And the Office of the Aire therein Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Magnitude and Exiluy and Damps of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Loudnesse or Sofinesse of Sounds and their Carriage at longer or shorter Distance Experiments in Consort touching the Communication of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching Equality and Inequality of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the â—â—â— treble and the â—â—â— Base Tones or Musicall Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Proportion of Treble and Base Tones Experiments in Consort touching Exteriour and Interiour Sounds Experiments in Consort touching Articulation of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Motions of Sounds in what Lines they are Circular Oblique Straight Vpwards downwards Forwards Backwards Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Lasting and Perishing of Sounds And touching the Time they require to their Generation or Delation Experiments in Consort touching the Passage and Interceptions of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Medium of Sounds Experiments in Consort what the Figures of the Pipes or Concanes or the Bodies Diferent conduce to the Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Mixture of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching Melioration of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Imitation of Sounds Experiments in Consort touching the Reflexion of Sounds Experiments in CoÌ„sort touching the Consent and Dissint between Visibles Audibles Experiments in Consort touching the Sympathy or Antipathy of sounds one with another Experiments in Consort touching the Hindring or Helping of the Hearing Experiments in Consort touching the Spirituall and Fine Nature of Sounds Experiment Solitary touching the Orient Colours in dissolution of Metalls Experiment Solitary touching Prolongation of Life Experiment Solitary touching Appetite of Vnion in Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the like Oâ—â—â—â—â—â—ons of Heat and Time Experiment Solitary touching the differing Operations of Fire and Time Experiment Solitary touching Motions by Inuitation Experiment Solitary touching Infectious Disease Experiment Solitary touching the incorporation
of Powders and Liquours Experiment Solitary touching Exercise of the Body Experiment Solitary touching Meats that induce Society Experiments in Consort touching the Clarification of Liquours and the Accelerating thereof Experiments in Consort touching Maturation and the Accelerating thereof And â—â—â—ft touching the Maturation and Quickning or Drinks And next touching the Maturation of Fruits Experiment Solitary touching the Making of Gold Experiment Solitary touching the Nature of Gold Experiments in Consort touching the Enducing and Accelerating of Putrefaction Experiments in Consort touching Proâ—â—â—â—â—â— and Preuenting Putrefaction Experiment Solitary touching Wood Shining in the Darke Experiment Solitary touching the Acceleration of Birth Experiment Solitary touching the Acceleration of growth and Stature Experiments in Consort touching Sulphur and Mercury two of Paracelâ—es Principles Experiment Solitary touching Chameleons Experiment Solitary touching Subterrany Fires Experiment Solitary touching Nitre Experiment Solitary touching Congealing of Aire Experiment Solitary touching Congealing of Water into Crystall Experiment Solitary touching Preseruing of Roseleaues both in Colour Smell Experiments in Consort touching the Continuance of Flame Experiments in Consort touching Burialls or Insusions of diuers Bodies in Earth Experiment Solitary touching the â—â—â—â—â— in Mâ—â—â—â—â—â— from seâ—â—â— winds Experiment Solitary touching Winter and Summer â—â—â—â—â—â— Experiment Solitary touching Pesilâ—â—â—all Seasons Experiment Solitary touching an Enour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 about 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diseases Experiment Solitary touching the Aâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— or Preseruation of Liquours in Wells or deepe Vaults Experiment Solitary touching Stutting Experiments in Consort touching Smells Experiments in Consort touching the Goodnesse and Choice of Water Experiment Solitary touching the Temperate Heat vnder the AEquinoctiall Experiment Solitary touching the Coloration of Blacke and Tawney Moores Experiment Solitary touching Motion after the Inflant of Death Experiments in Consort touching the Acceleration of Germination Experiments in Consort touching the Putting backe or Retardation of Germination Experiments in Consort touching the Melioration of Fruits Trees and Plants Experiments in Consort touching Compound Fruits and Flowers Experiments in Consort touching the Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants Experiments in Consort touching the Making Herbs and Fruits Medicinable Experiments in Consort touching Curiosities about Fruits and Plants Experiments in Consort touching the Degenerating of Plants And of the Transmutation of them one into another Experiments in Consort touching the Procoâ—tic and Lownesse and Artificiall dwarsing of Trees Experiments in Consort touching the Experiments in Consort touching the Producing of Perfect Pâ—ants without Seed Experiments in Consort touching Forrâ—â— Plants Experiments in Consort touching the Seasons in which Plants come forth Experiments in Consort touching the Lasting of Herbs and Trees Experiments in Consort touching the seuerall Figures of Plants Experiments in Consort touching some Principalâ— Differences in Plants Experiments in Consort touching all Manner of Composts and Helps of Ground Experiments in Consort touching the Assinities and Differences betweene Plants and Inanimate Bodies Experiments in Consort touching the Affinities and Differences of Plants and Liuing Creatures And the Consiners and â—â—â—â—â—â—â— of them Experiments Prâ—â—â—â—â—ous touching Plants Experiment Solitary touching Healing of Wounds Experiment Solitary touching â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â—â— Experiment Solitary touching Repening of Dâ—â—nk before the Time Experiment Solitary touching Pilosity and Plumage Experiment Solitary touching the Quicknesse of Motion in Birds Experiment Solitary touching the different Clear enesse of the Sea Experiment Solitary touching the different Heats of Fire and Boiling Water Experiment Solitary touching the Qualification of Heat by Moisture Experiment Solitary touching Yawning Experiment Solitary touching the Hiccough Experiment Solitary touching Sneezing Experiment Solitary touching the Tendernesse of the Teeth Experiment Solitary touching the Tongue Experiment Solitary touching the Taste Experiment Solitary touching some Prognosticks of Pestilenitall Seasons Experiment Solitary touching Speciall Simples for Medicines Experiments in Consort touching Venus Experiments in Consort touching the Insecta Experiment Solitary touching Leaping Experiment Solitary touching the Pleasures and Displeasures of the Senses especially of Hearing Experiment Solitary touching Veines of Medicinall Earth Experiment Solitary touching the Growth of Sponges Experiment Solitary touching Sea-Fish put in Fish Waters Experiment Solitary touching Attraction by Simulitude of Substance Experiment Solitary touching certaine Drinkes in Turkey Experiments in Consort touching Sweat Experiment Solitary touching the GloWorme Experiments in Consort touching the Impressions which the Passions of the Minde make vpon the Body Experiments in Consort touching Drunkennesse Experiment Solitary touching the Helpe or Hint of Wine though Moderately vsed Experiment Solitary touching Catterpillers Experiment Solitary touching the Flyes Cantharides Experiments in Consort touching Lassitude Experiment Solitary touching the Casting of the Skin and Shell in some Creatures Experiments in Consort touching the Postures of the Body Experiment Solitary touching Pestilentiall Yeares Experiment Solitary touchine the Prognosticks of Hard Winters Experiment Solitary touching Medicines that Condense and Releeue the Spirits Experiment Solitary touching Faintings of the Body Experiment Solitary touching the Vse of Bathing and Annointing Experiment Solitary touching Chamoletting of Paper Experiment Solitary touching Cuttle-Inke Experiment Solitary touching Encrease of Weigh in Earth Experiments in Consort touching Sleepe Experiments in Consort touching Teeth and Hard Substances in the Bodies of Liuing Creatures Experiments in Consort touching the Generation and Bearing of Liuing Creatures in the Wombe Experiments in Consort touching Species Visible Experiments in Consort touching Impulsion and Percussion Experiment Solitary touching Titillation Experiment Solitary touching the Scarcity of Raine in AEgypt Experiment Solitary touching Clarification Experiment Solitary touching Plants without Leaues Experiment Solitary touching the Materials of Glasse Experiment Solitary touching Prohibition of Putrefaction and the Long Conseruation of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the Abundance of Nitre in certaine Sea-Shoares Experiment Solitary touching Bodies that are borne vp by Water Experiment Solitary touching Fuell that consumeth little or nothing Experiment Solitary Oeconomicall touching Cheape Fuell Experiment Solitary touching the Gathering of Wind for Freshnesse Experiment Solitary touching the Trials of Aires Experiment Solitary touching Increasing of Milke in Milch Beasts Experiment Solitary touching Sand of the Nature of Glasse Experiment Solitary touching the Growth of Corall Experiment Solitary touching the Gathering of Manna Experiment Solitary touching the Correcting of Wine Experiment Solitary touching the Materialls of Wild-Fire Experiment Solitary touching Plaster growing as Hard as Marble Experiment Solitary touching Iudgement of the Cure in some Vlcers and Hurts Experiment Solitary touching the Healthfulnesse or Vnhealthfulnesse of the Southerne Wind. Experiment Solitary touching Wounds Experiment Solitary touching Mortification by Cold. Experiment Solitary touching Weight Experiment Solitary touching the Super-Natation of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the Flying of Vnequall Bodies in the Aire Experiment Solitary touching Water that it may be the Medium of Sounds Experiment Solitary of the Flight of the Spirits vpon Odious Obiects Experiment Solitary touching the Super-Reflexion of Eccho's Experiment Solitary touching the Force of Imagination Imâ—â—a â—â—ng that of the Sense Experiment Solitary touching
Preseruation of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the Growth or Multiplying of Metalis Experiment Solitary touching the Drowning of the mne Base Metall in the more Pretious Experiment Solitary touching Fixation of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching the Restlesse Nature of Things in Themselues and their Desire to Change Experiments in Consort touching Perception in Bodies Insensible tending to Natural Diuination or Subtill Trials Experiment Solitary touching the Nature of Appetite in the Stomach Experiment Solitary touching Sweetnesse of Odour from the Rainbow Experiment Solitary touching Sweet Smells Experiment Solitary touching the Corportall Substance of Smells Experiment Solitary touching Fetide and Fragrant Odours Experiment Solitary touching the Causes of Putrefaction Experiment Solitary touching Bodies Vnperfectly Mixt. Experiment Solitary touching Alterations which may be called Maiors Experiment Solitary touching Bodies Liquefiable and not Liquefiable Experiment Solitary touching Bodies Fragile and Tough Experiment Solitary touching the Two Kindes of Pneumaticals in Bodies Experiment Solitary touching Concretion and Dissolution of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching Hard and Soft Bodies Experiment Solitary touching Bodies Ductile and Tensile Experiment Solitary touching other Passions of Matter and Characters of Bodies Experiment Solitary touching Induration by Sympathic Experiment Solitary touching Honey and Sugar Experiment Solitary touching the Finer Sort of Base Metals Experiment Solitary touching Coments and Quarries Experiment Solitary touching the Altering of the Colour of Haires and Feathers Experiment Solitary touching the Differences of Liuing Creatures Male Female Experiment Solitary touching the Comâ—arâ—â—e Magnitude of Liuing Creatures Experiment Solitary touching Exessasion of Fruits Experiment Solitary touching the Melieration of Tobacco Experiment Solitary touching seuerall Heats working the same Effects Experiment Solitary touching Swelling and Dilatation in Boyling Experiment Solitary touching the Dulcoration of Fruits Experiment Solitary touching Flesh Edible and not Edible Experiment Solitary touching the Salamander Experiment Solitary touching the Contrary Operations of Time vpon Fruits and Liquours Experiment Solitary touching Blowes and Bruises Experiment Solitary touching the Orris Root Experiment Solitary touching the Compression of Liquours Experiment Solitary touching the Working of Water vpon Aire Contiguous Experiment Solitary touching the Nature of Aire Experiments in Consort touching the Eyes and Sight Experiment Solitary touching the Colour of the Sea or other Water Experiment Solitary touching Shell-Fish Experiment Solitary touching the Right Side and the Left Experiment Solitary touching Frictions Experiment Solitary touching Globes appearing Flat at Distance Experiment Solitary touching Shadows Experiment Solitary touching the Rowling and Breaking of the Seas Experiment Solitary touching the Dulcoration of Salt Water Experiment Solitary touching the Returne of Saltnesse in Pits vpon the Sea-Shore Experiment Solitary touching Attraction by Similitude of Substance Experiment Solitary touching Attraction Experiment Solitary touching Heat vnder Earth Experiment Solitary touching Flying in the Aire Experiment Solitary touching the Dye of Scarlet Experiment Solitary touching â—â—â—â— Experiment Solitary touching the Rise of Water by Meanes of Flame Experiments in Consort touching the Influences of the Moone Experiment Solitary touching Vinegar Experiment Solitary touching Creatures that Sleepe all Winter Experiment Solitary touching the Generating of Creatures by Copulation and by Putrefaction Experiments in Consort touching the Transmission and Influx or Imâ—â—teriate Vertues and the Force of Imagination Experiments in Consort Moaâ—â— touching Transmission of Spirits and the Force of Imagination Experiments in Consort touching Emission of Spirits in Vapour or Exhalation Odour-like Experiment Solitary touching the Emissions of Spiritual Species which Affect the Senses Experiments in Consort touching the Emission of Immatcriate Vertues from the Mindes and Spirits of Men either by Affectious or by Imaginations or by other Impressions Experiments in Consort touching the Secret Vertue of Sympathy and Antipathy Experiment Solitary touching Secret Proprieties Experiment Solitary touching the Generall Sympathy of Mens Spirits