when thou art olde no wordely ioye lasteth but a whyle ¶ dyne not at morowe before thyne appetyte clere ayre and walkinge maketh good dygestion betwene meles drynke not for no farwarde delyte but thyrst or trauayle gyue the occasion ouer salt meate doth great oppression th feble stomakes when they can not refrayne fro thynge contrary to theyr complexion of gredy handes the stomake hath greate peyne ¶ thus in two thynges standeth all thy welth of soule and body who lyft them sue moderate fode gyueth to man his health and all surfettes then he doth eschewe and charitie to soule is dewe this receyte bought is of no potycary of mayster anthony ne of mayster hewe to all indifferent ryches dyetary ¶ nescio quo ceto lenta papauere dormit mens que creatorem nescit iniqua suum en iterum toto lingua crucifigitur orbe en iterum patitur dira flagella deus factorem factura suum stimulante tyrannâ— delictis factis desetit orba fuis inde fames venit inde discordia regum inde cananeis predatibusque sumus inde premit gladius carnalis spiritualem et vice versa spiritualis cum hinc fubito atropos predatrix occupatartus nec sinit vt dolcat penite atque miser iure vides igitur quam recta ligamina nectit immundus mundus hec duo verbo simul ¶ thus endeth the physycke and regement of health of shepardes and foloweth theyr astrology capitulo .xxxi. celum celi domine terram autem dedit filius hominum non mortui laudabunt te domineâ—neque omnes qui descendunt in infernum sed nos qui viâ—imus benediximus domino quoniam videbimus celos tuosopera digitorum tuorum lunam stellas que tu fundastâ—â— quia subiecisti omnia sub pedibus nostris 〈◊〉 boues vniuersas in super pecora campi voluâ—â— cres celi pisces maris qui perambulane semitas maris domine dominus noster quam admirabiâ—â— est nomen tuuâ— in vniuersa terra who that wyll as shepardes that kepeth shepe in the fyeldes without knowynge any letter saue onely by some fygures that they make in lyttle tables of wodde haue knowledge of the mouynges and proprfeties of the heauens and dyuers other thynges conteyned in this presente composte and kalender of shepardes the which is extracte and composed out of theyr kalenders and put in letter so that eche maye compryse and knowe as they the thinges aboue sayde fyrste one ought to knowe what the figure is the disposition of the world the nombre ordre of the elementes and the mouinges of the skies aperteyneth to be knowen of euery man of free condicion and noble engin for it is a fayre thinge delectable profitable and honest and therwith it is necessary to haue diuers other knowleges in especiall for the astrology of shepardes whiche sheweth how the worlde is rounde as a ball and after wyse men say there is nothing so round as it for it is rounder then any thinge artyfycyall and more ouer in this worlde we se nothinge ne neuer shal that is so iusâ—e egally rounde as it selfe is and is composed of the heauen and the foure elementes in v. principal parties after that a person ought to knowe that the earth is in the myddes of the worlde for it is the heuyest element upon the earth is the water or the sea but it couereth not al the earth to th ende that men and beastes may lyue therin the partie that is vncouered is called the face of the earth for it is as the face of man alwayes vncouered and the parte that is couered with water is as the body of man that is clothed hidde on the water is the ayre that encloseth the earth and the water and is deuyded in three regions one is lowe where as en habiteth beastes byrdes an other meane where as bin the cloudes the whiche make the impressions as lightninghes thonders and other is alway colde the thirde is the hyeste where as is neyther winde ne rayne nor tempest nor other impression ther be some mountaines that atteyneth vnto it as is olimpus that recheth the hyest region of the ayre and the element of fyre mounteth vnto the skie the elementes susteyneth the skies as the pyllers or beames susteyneth a house of such mountaynes is one in affryke named athlas after that is the element of fyre that is neyther â—â—ambe ne coles but is pure inuisible for the great bryghtenes for of so much as the water is more clere lyght then the earth the ayre more clere light then the water of so muche the fyre is more clere lyght and fayrer then the ayre and the skies in equypoâ—ent bin clerer lyghter fayrer then the fyre the which tourneth with the moâ—inges of the heauens and the next region of the ayre also in the which is engendred câ—nâ—câ—â—s that bin called sterres for that they bin shyninge moueth as the sterres after the sayinge of some shephardes the fyre is inuysible for his subtilitie and not for his clerenes for of as much as a thing is more cler of â—o much it is the more vysible for we se the skies wel but not the fyre for it is ouer much more subtyl then the ayre that is inuisible for the same cause the earth and the water bin thycke and therfore they bin vysyble the skies byn neyther properley heauy ne lyght harde ne softe clere ne darke hotte ne colde swete ne soure colour ne sowne ne such other qualities saue that they bin hot in vertue for they may cause heate here deâ—ethe by theyr lightes mouynges and influeuces byn improprely harde for they maye not be denyded ne broken and also they byn improprely colours of lyghte in some parties and byn thycke as bin the parties of the sterres in the which there maye no starre ne other partie be adusted and put to nor none maye be demynyshed ne taken away and they may neyther encrease ne ware lesse or be of other fygure then rounde ne they may not chaunge enpayre ne waxe olde ne be corrumped ne altered but in lyght onely as in tyme of the eclyps of the son and moone ne they may not rest and stande styll ne tourne any otherwyse later ne sooner in partye ne in all ne behaue them otherwise then after their common courseâ— but by miracle diuine and therfore the sterres and skies byn of another nature then the elementes and the thinges of them composed the whiche byn transmutable and corruptable the elementes and all thinges of them composed bin enclosed within the fyrst skie as the yolke of an egge is enclosed wythin the whyte and the fyrst skie is enclosed of the seconde and the seconde in the thyrde and the thirde in the fourth so of the other the first sky nexte the elementes is the skie of the mone next is the skie of mercury and nexte it the skie of uenus then is the skie of the
benefytes ueritie is that by the which any sayinges or doings be recited or shewed by approuable reason without to adiust dimynishe or to make it any otherwise then it is of force force or for to haue a sure and stedfaste courage amonge the aduersities of labours and perils that may happen to come or in to the which a person may fal and the branches be these magâ—ificence confidence tollerance rest stablenesse perseuerance and reason magnificence is a ioyous clerenesse of courage administringe thinges laudable and magnificenciall that is to say hye or great confidence is to arest and hold strongly his thought and his courage by vnmouable constance among such things as be aduers aud contrary tollerance is cotidianly or daily suffring and bearing the strange improbites and molestees that is to say persecutions obâ—robries and iniuries that other folke doth reste is a vertue by the which a likernesse is geuen vnto the thought of contempment of the vnstablenesse of transitory things and worldly vanities stablenesse is for to haue the thought or courage stedfast and sure without castinge it on diuers things by any varying or changing of time or places perseuerance is a vertue that establisheth and confirmeth the courage by a perfection of vertues that is in a man and be perfite by force of longanimitie reason is a vertue by the which a man commaundeth to do such thinges as be conceyled and delyuered for to come to the ende whych a man knoweth to be good and vtyle to be done and had here endeth the floure of vertues and how they be named and signifyed in the tree figured howe shepardes by calculation and speculation knowe the .xii. signes in their course reygning and domining on the .xii. partes of mans body and which be good for letting of blud and which be indifferent or euill for the same capitulo .xxii. some shipardes say that a man is a little worlde by hym selfe for the lykenesses and similytudes that he hath of the great worlde whych is the aggregation of the nyne skyes foure elementsâ— and all thinges in them conteyned first a man hath such a likenesse in the first mobile that is the soueraigne skye and principall partes of the great world for like as in his first mobyle the zodiake is deuided in .xii. parts by the .xii. signes so man is deuided in .xii. parts holdeth of the signes euery parte of his signe as this figure sheweth the signes be these aries taurus gemini cancer leo uirgo libra scorpio sagittarius capricornus aquarius and pisces of the which three be of the nature of the fyre that is aries leo and sagittarius and three of the nature of the ayre gemini libra and aquariâ—s and three of the nature of water cancer scorpio and pisces and three of the nature of earth taurus uirgoâ— and capricornus the first that is aries gouerneth the head and the face of man taurus the necke and the throte boll gemini the shoulders the armes and handes cancer the brest sydes mylte and lightes leo the stomake the hart and the backe uirgo the belly and the entrayles libra the nauill the graynes and the parts vnder the branches scorpio the priuie parties the genytailes the bladder and the foundement sagittarius the thighes only capricoruus the knees only also aquarius the legges and from the knees to the heeles and ancles and pisces hath the feete in his dominion a man ought not to make incision ne touch with yron the member gouerned of any signe the day that the moone is in it for feare of the greate effusion of blud that mighte happen ne in likewyse also when the sunne is in it for the daunger and perill that might ensue hereafter foloweth the nature of the .xii. sygnes aries is good for bludde lettinge when the moone is in it saue in the part that it domineth aryes hot and dry nature of fyre and gouerneth the heade and the face of man good for bleeding when the moone is in it taurus is euill for bleeding taurus is dry and colde nature of the earth and gouerneth the necke and the knoâ— vnder the throte and is euill for bleeding gemini is euill for bleeding gemini is hot and moyste nature of ayre and gouerneth the shoulders the armes and the two handes and is euill for bleeding cancer is indifferent for bleeding cancer is colde and moyst nature of water and gouerneth the brest the stomake and the mylte and indifferent that is to saye neyther to good ne to bad for letting of blud leo is euill for bleeding leo is hot and drye nature of fier and gouerneth the backe and the sydes and is euill for bleeding uirgo is indifferent for bleeding uirgo is colde and dry nature of earth and gouerneth the wombe and inward partes and is not good ne very euill for bleeding libra is right good for bleeding libra is hot and moyst nature of ayre and gouerneth the nauill the reynes and the low partes of the wombe and is good for bleeding scorpius is indifferent for bleeding scorpius is colde and moyst nature of water and gouerneth the members of man and is neyther good ne bad for bleeding sagittarius is good for bleeding sagittarius is hot and dry nature of fier and gouerneth the thighes and is good for bleeding capricornus is euill for bleeding capricornus is colde and dry nature of earth and gouerneth the knees and is euill for bleeding aquarius is indifferent for bleeding aquarius is hot and moyst nature of ayre and gouerneth the legges and is neyther good ne euill for bleeding pisces is indifferent for bleeding pisces is colde and moyste nature of water and gouerneth the feete and is neyther good ne bad for bleeding aries libra and sagittarius be right good cancer uirgo scorpio aquarius and pisces be indifferent taurus gemini leo and capricornus be euill for bleeding a picture of the phisnomy of mans body and sheweth in what partes the .vii. planets hath domination in man cap. xxxiiii we may know by this figure the bones and ioynts of all the parties of the body as wel within as without of the head necke shoulders armes handes sydes brest backe haunches thighes knees legges and of the feete the which bones shal be named and numbred hereafter and it is called the figure anothomy by this figure one may vnderstand the parties of mans body ouer the which the planets hath might and domination to kepe them from touching any iron ne to make incision of bludde in the veynes that procede in the time while that the planet of the saide partie is conioyned with any other planet maneuolent without hauing regarde of some good planette that might encombre and let his euill course ¶ the names of the bones in a mans body and the number of them which is mall two hundred eyght and forty capitulo xiiii first on the sommet of the head is a bone that couereth the braine the which shepards call the capitall bone
him and this bleding ought to be done after the corpolence of the pacient m in the angles of the eyen be two vaynes the which be let bludde for the rednesse of the eyen or water that runneth continually and for dyuers other sicknesses that may happen and come by ouer great habundance of humours and bludde n in the veyne of the ende of the nose is made a bleding the which is good for a red pimpeled face as be red droppes pustules small skabbes and other infections of the hart that may come therin by the great replection and habundance of bludde and humours and it auaileth against popeled noses and other semblable sicknes o in the mouth in the gummes be foure veynes that is to wit two aboue and two beneath the which be let bâ—udde for the chafinge and canker in the mouth and for tooth ache p betwene the lyppe and the chynne is a veyne that is letten blud to geue amendement to them that haue an euill brest q in eche arme be foure veynes of the whych the veyne of the heade is the hyest the seconde next is from the hart the thirde is of the lyuer the fourth is from the mylte otherwise called the low liuer veyne r the veyne of the head taken in the arme ought to bleede for to take away the great replection and habundance of blud that may anoy the head the eien or the brayne and auayleth greatly for transmutable heates and swellings of the throte and to them that hath swollen faces and red and to dyuers other sicknesses that may fall by to great habundance of blud s the veyne of the mylte otherwyse called the lowe veyne shoulde bleede against all feuer tercians and quarteynes and it ought to be made a large and lesse deepe wounde then in any other veyne for feare of winde that it may gather and for more inconuenience for feare of a synewe that is vnder it that is called the lezarde t in eche hand be three veynes wherof that aboue the tombe ought to blede to take away the great heat of the visage and for the thick blud and humours that be in the heade this veyne euacueth more then that of the arme u betwene the lyttle fynger and the leche fynger is lettinge of bludde that auayleth greatly against all feuer tercians quartaines against flumes and dyuers other lettings that commeth to the pappes and to the mylte x in eche thighe is a veyne of the which the bleeding auayleth against the dolours and swellings of the genitours and for to auoyde and dryue out of a mans body humours that be in the graynes y the veyne that is vnder the ancle of the fote without named sciat of the which the bleeding is much worth against the paines of the haunches and for to make departe and issue diuers humours which would assemble in the sayd placeâ— and auayleth greatly to women for to restraine their menstruosity when they haue to great habundance ¶ thus endeth the anotomy and flubothomy of the humayne bodyes and howe one should vnderstande them here before we haue sayde of the regarde of planets vpon the parties of man and the deuision and number of the bones of mannes body and now foloweth to know when any man is hole or sycke or disposed in any wise to sicknesse wherefore three thinges ben by the which shepardes knowe when a man is hole or sycke or disposed to sicknesse if he be hole to maintaine and kepe him if he be sicke to serch remedy to heale him if he be disposed to sicknesse to kepe him that he fall not therin and for to know eche of the sayde three things the shepards put diuers signes health properly temperance accorde and equalitie of the iiii equalities of man which be hot colde dry and moyste the which when they be well tempered and equall that one surmounâ—e not the other then the body of man is hole but when they be vnequall and mistempred that one domineth ouer another then a man is sicke or disposed to sicknes and they be the qualities that the bodies boldeth of the elementes that they be made composed of that is to wyte of the fier heate of the water colde of the ayre moyst and of the earth dry the which qualities when one is disordered from the other then the body is sicke and if that one destroy the other of all then the body dieth and the soule departeth ¶ signes by the which shepards knowe a man hole and wel disposed in his body capitulo .xxv. the firste sygne whereby shepardes knowe a man to be hole and well disposed in his body is when he eateth and drinketh wel after the conuenaunce of the hunger and thirste that he hath wythout makinge excesse also when he digesteth lightly and when that that he hath eaten and dronken empesheth and greueth not his stomake also when he feleth good sauour and appetite in that he eateth and drinketh also when he is hungry and thirsty at the houres that he ought to eate and drinke also when he reioyseth hym wyth mery folke also when they playe gladly any playe of recreation wyth felowes of mery courage also when he playeth gladly in fieldes and woddes to take the sweete ayre and sporte in medowes by water sydes also when he eateth gladly with good appetite of butter cheese flawnes shepe mylte wythout leauyng any thynge in his dyshe to sende to the almes house and when he sleepeth well wythout rauynge dreamyng of his marchandyse also when he feleth him light and that he walketh well also when he sweateth soone and that neseth lyttle or nothyng also when he is neyther to fatte ne to leane also when he hath good coloure in his face and that hys wittes ben all well disposed for to do their operacion as his eyen for to see hys eares to heare his nose to smellâ— c. and thus we leaue of the conuenance of age the disposition of the body and also of the tyme 〈◊〉 other sygnes i saye nothinge but these be the most common and that ought to suffise for shepardes to know the signes of health signes opposyte to the precedentes by the which shepardes knowe when they or other ben sycke first when he may not well eate ne drinke or that they haue none appetite to eate at dinner supper or when he fyndeth no sauour in that he eateth or drinketh or that he is hungry and maye not eate when his dygestion is not good or that it be to longe also when hâ— goeth not to chamber moderately as he ought to do also when he is heauy and sad in ioyous companyes then syckenesse constreyneth a man to be thoughtfull semblably when he may not sleepe or take hys rest aright and at due houre also when his members ben heauy as his head his legges and his armes and also when he may not walke easely and lyghtly and that he sheweth not often and his coloure is pale or yelowe
iuly and august the shepardes in soÌ„mer bin clothed with lyghte gownes syngle their shyrtes shetes that they lye in bin lynnen for of al clothes it is the coldest thy haue dowblettes of sylke of sey or of canuas manerly made and they eate lyght meates as chekyns with vergyous yonge harts rabette lectuse purcelayne melons gourdes cocumbres peres plommes suche fyshe as are named afore and also they eate of meates that refresheth also they eate lyttle and often they breke theyr faste or dyne in the morninge or euer the sonne aryse aud go to supper or it discende they eate often of the aboue sayde meates and sourer for to gyue them an appetyte they eate but lyttle salte meates and refrayne them from scratching they drynke oft freshe water sodden with sugercandy and other refreshinge waters and they do it alwaye when they byn thyrsly saue onely at dinner and supper tyme and then they drinke feble grene â—yne or single beare or small ale also they keepe them from ouer great trauell or ouer forsing them solfe for in this tyme is nothinge more greuous then chafynge in this season they eschewe the company of women and they bathe them oft in colde water to asswage the heate of theyr bodyes enforced by laboures alway they haue with them sugercaâ—dy or other suger and dredge wherof they take lyttle and often and eche daie in the morninge they force them bi coughinge and spittinge to voide fleumes and voide them aboue and belowe the beste that thei maie and washe their handes with freshe water their mouth and vysage ¶ the regement for haruest september october and nouember in haruest shepardes byn clothed after the maner of prymetyme saue their clothes byn a little warmer in this time they do dylygence to purge and clense them and lettinge them blud to tempre the humours of theyr bodyes for it is the most contagyous tyme of the yeare in the which perillous infirmities happeneth and commethe and therfore thee eate good and holsome meates as caponnes hennes yonge pygeon that beginne to flye and drinketh good wynes other good drynkes without makinge excesse in this time they kepe them frome eating of fruites for it is a daungerous season for agnes they say that he had neuer ague that neuer eate fruite in this tyme they drinke no water and they put no parte of them in colde water but their handes their face they kepe their heades fro colde in the nyght and morning slepe not in the none time kepe them from ouer great traueyle endure not to much hunger ne thyrft but eat when it is tyme and not when their mawes be full ¶ the regyment for winter time december ianuary and february the shepardes in wynter byn clothed in thycke gownes of rough clothe hye shorne well furred with foxe for it is the warinesse furryng that is and cattes conyes lambes and dyuers other thycke furres that be good and holsome in the tyme of wynter shepardes do eate befe porke and brawne of hartes hindes and all maner of venyson pertryches fesauntes hares fowles of the ryuer and other meates that they loue best for that is the season of the yeare that nature suffreth moste greate plentye of vyttayle for the naturall heate that is drawen within the bodye an this tyme also they drynke ofte stronge wynes after theyr coÌ„plexion bastard wyne or osey two or three tymes in the weke they vse good spyces in theyr meates for this is the most holsome tyme of all the yere in the which coÌ„meth no syckenesse but by greate excesse outrages done to nature or by euyll gouernement shepardes saye also that prymetyme is hotte moyst of the nature of ayre complexion of the sanguine that in the same time nature reioyseth the pores openeth the blud spredeth through the veynes more then another tyme sommer is hotte and dry of the nature of fyre and complexion of coleryke in the which tyme one ought to kepe him from all thinges that moueth to heate al excesse and hot meates haruest is colde and drye of the nature of earthe and complexion of melancoly in the which tyme one ought to kepe him from doynge excesse more then in other times for daunger of sykenesses to the which that tyme is dysposen but winter is colde and moyst of the nature of water and complexion of flumatyke then a man ought to kepe him warme and myanely for to lyue in health ¶ here it ought to be noted that a man is made and fourmed of the foure elementes of the which one hath domination alwayes aboue the other that maÌ„ on whom the fyre domineth is sayde coleryke that is to saye hot and drye he on whom the ayre hath domination is sayde sanguyne that is to saye hot and moyst he on whom the water hath domination is sayde colde moyst that is to say flumatike and he on whom the earth reygneth is sayde melancolyke that is to saye colde and drye of the whiche complexions shal be spoken in the begynnynge of the physonomy more largely ¶ a regement of shepardes of certeyne thynges good for the body of man and of other dyuers thinges apposyte to the same cap. xxviii ¶ god for the brayne ¶ to smell the sauour of muske and of quybyles of camamell to drinke wyne mesurably to eate sage not to much to couer thy heade of the washynge of thy handes and feete mesurably walkynge mesurably slepynge to here sweete noyses of minstralsy or syngynge to eate mustarde and peper to smel the red rose and washe thy temples with water of redde roses ¶ euyll for the brayne ¶ all maner brayne of beastes gluttony dronkennesse late supper to sleepe muche after meate corrupte ayre anger heuynesse to vncouer thy heate to eate softely to much heate to moch wakinge to much walkyng milke chese nuttes to eate or thou be an hungred bathynge after meate onyons garlike greate noyse to smell to a whyte rose and much steringe ¶ good for the eyen ¶ the red rose veruayne rewe fenell salendyne enfrage pympernell oculi christi to plunge thyne eyen in clere water oft to loke on greene coloure mesurable slepe to loke in a fayre glasse ofte to washe thy handes and feete make the stamake well defyed and to loke ofte one golde also ¶ euyll for the eyen ¶ powder garlyke onyons hunger lekes wakynge and wind hot ayre colde ayre dronkennesse gluttony mylke chese much beholdinge of bryght thynges aswell red as whyte mustarde anone to slepe after meate to muche slepynge to much wakinge to much lettynge of blud colde wortes smoke all thinge that is pepered lechery an hot fyre before the syght euyl bakeÌ„ brede duste to muche wepynge all this euyl for the eyen ¶ good for the throte ¶ hony suger butter with a lyttle salt lycoras to suppe softe egges isope meane maner of eatynge and drinkinge and sugercandy this is good for the throte ¶ euyll for the throte ¶ mustarde
muche lyinge vppon the brest pepper anger all fyred meates and all thynge rosted lechery muche wakynge to muche rest muche drynke muche thyrst much runnynge smoke of ensence olde chese heate or colde all thynges that byn soure is nought for the throte ¶ good for the harte ¶ saffron borage laughynge ioye muske cloues galynggale nutmygges the red rose the vyolet suger maces before all other thynges ¶ euyll for the harte ¶ beanes peson lekes garlyke onions heuenesse anger drede to much busynes trauayle to drinke colde water after laboure euyll tydynges ¶ good for the stomake ¶ red myntes red roses commyn suger sage wormewod calamyte to vomet euery quarter once great hunger euery daye to stande after meate and ofte wakynge after meles euery colde thynge galyngale nutmygges vyneger peper mesurable slepe ¶ euyll for the stomake ¶ all sweete thynges for they make the hom ake to swell nuttes olde chese mylke hony mary of bones that be not wel so den to eate or thou be an hungred to eat many sortes of meates at one sitting to drinke or thou be a thirste to eate breade that is not wel baken and al rawe fleshe stynken heuynes and drede thought ouer great trauayle stowpynge fallynge al fryde meates to much bathynge after meate to much castynge eate when thou art ouer hotte eyther of feuer or trauayle all mylke of beastes is euyl saue of gotes ¶ for ache of the wombe ¶ take fansy rewe and sothernewod and eate it with salte fâ—stynge wheÌ„ thou arte afret and it wil do it away ¶ for to restore the lyuer ¶ take a quantite of wilde tansey and stampe it and drinke it with wyne or ale .ix. dayes or more and he shal amende ¶ for fatnesse about a mans harte take the iuyce of fenell and hony and sethe them bothe together til that it be harde and eate it at euen and morne and it shal auoyde soone ¶ for hardenes of the wombe ¶ take two sponefull of the iuyce of yuy leaues drinke therof thre tymes on the day and thou shalt be hole ¶ for winde in the stomake ¶ take commin and bete it to pouder and mingle it with redde wyne and drinke it last at nyght three dayes and he shal be hole ¶ for the dropsy ¶ take thycke wede clythâ—rs ale and otemele and make potage therwyth vse it ix dayes and euery day freshe and he shal be hole ¶ a good drinke for the pestylence ¶ for the pestylence take and washe cleene a lyllyrote and boyle it in whyte wyne tyll the one halfe he wasted and then gyue it the sâ—eâ—e to drinke and he shall breke out full of bladders as he were brent or scalded with hotte water then they wyll dry and the person waxe hole ¶ here after foloweth the iiii elementes and the foure complexions of man and howe and in what time they raygne in man cap. xxix ayre fyre earth and water the xxiiii houres of the daye the nyght ruleth sanguine colerike melancolike flumatike sixe houres after mydnight bludde hath the maistry in the vi houres aforenoone coller raigneth and vi houres afternoone raigneth melancoly and vi houres afore midnyght raigneth the flumatike ¶ thus endeth the iiii elementes and the foure complexions of man ¶ here foloweth the gouernance of health ca. xxx vuho wyll be hole kepe hymself fro sickenes and rysest the stroke of pestylence let hym be glad and voyde all heuynesse flee wycked ayres eschewe the presence of infecte places causynge the vyolence drynkinge good wynes of holsoÌ„ meatestake smell swete thynges and for thy defence walke in cleane ayre and eschewe the mystys blacke ¶ with voyde stomackeâ— outwarde the not dresse rysynge vp early with fyre haue sustence delyte in gardbas for the great swetenesse to be well cladde do thy deligence kepe well thy selfe from inconuenience in stewes ne bathes no seiourne thou make openynge of the pores this doth great offence walke in cleane ayre and eschew the mystes blacke ¶ eate no rawe fleshe for no gredynes and from fruyte kepe thyne abstynence pullettes and chyckyns for theyr tendernesse eate thou with sauce spare for none expence uergious vineger and the influence of holsome spicies i dare vndertake the morowe flepe called golden in sentence great helpeth ageynst the mystes blacke ¶ for health of body couer fro colde they heade eate no rawe meates take good hede her to drynke holsome wyne fede thee on lyght breade with an appetyte ryse from thy meate also with women aged fleshely haue not to do upon thy slepe drynke not of the cuppe glad towarde bedde at morowe bothe two and vse neuer late for to suppe ¶ and yf it so be that leches to thee fayle then take good hede to vse thynges threâ— temporate dyete temporate trauayle not malicyous for none aduersitie meke in trouble glad in pouertie ryche with lyttle content wyth suffysaunce xiiii xxiiii xiiii xvn xxi xxv neuer grudgynge mery lyke thy degree if physycke lacke make this thy gouernaunce ¶ to euery tale sone gyue thou no credence be not to hasty ne so daynely vengeable to poore folke do thou no vyolence curteyse of language of fedynge mesurable on sundry meate not gredy at the table in fedynge gentle prudent in dalyaunce close of tounge of worde not deceyuable to say the best set alway they pleasaunce ¶ haue in hate monthes that byn double suffre at thy table no detraction haue despyte of fok that make trouble of false rauenoures and adulation within thy place suffre no deuysion with thy householde it shall cause encrease of al welfare prosperitie and â—oyson with thy neyghboures lyue in rest and peace ¶ be clenly cladde after thy estaty passe not thy bondes kepe thy promesse blyue with three folke be not at debate fyrst with thy better beware for to sâ—ryue ageynst thy felowe no querell to contryue with thy subiecte to stryue it were shame wherfore i councell pursure all thy lyfe to lyue in peace and get thee a good name ¶ fyre at morowe and towarde bed at eue agaynst mystes blacke and ayre of pestylence betyme at serâ—is thou shalt the better cheue fyrst at thy rysyâ—ge to do god reuereâ—ce uysyte the poore with entyer dylygence on all nedy haue compassion and god shall sende grace and influence thee tho encrease and thy possession ¶ suffre no surfytes in thy house at nyght ware of suppers and great excesse of noddynge heades and candellyght i viii xiiii of sâ—outh at morowe and flombrynge idlenesse which of all vyces is chiefe proteresse uoyde all dronckenesse lyeres and lechoures of all vnthryfty exyle the maystresse that is to say dyce playes and hasardoures ¶ after meate beware make not to longe slepe heade foote and stomake preserue aye from colde be not to pensyfe of thought take no kepe after thy rent gouerne thy houshoulde suffre in tyme in thy ryght beholde swere none other no man to begyle in youth be lusty and sad
be euill by vertue and strength of vnderstandinge we ought to eschewe and auoyde it as to the effecte and to with stande the sayd euill inclinations shepardes vse this science none otherwise the prudent vertuous and wise man may be of all other as touchinge their maners otherwise then theyr sygnes demonstreth and sheweth in their reigne thus the things demonstred as to vice is not in a wise man though the signe be so as an alestake or a signe is sometime hanged afore a house in the which often times is none ale for howe be it that a man by his wisedom and vnderstanding folow not the euil influences of the celestiall bodyes that be vpon him yet he corrupteth not the signes and demonstracions of the sayde influences but those signes naturally haue signory and domination on them in the which they be for to haue naturally that which they signifie though that a man haue them or not wherfore shepardes say that the most part of men and women folow their natural inclinations to vice or vertue for that the most part of them be not wise and prudent as they ought to be and they vse no vertue of their owne mindes but ensueth their sensualitie and by this the celestiall influence of the which is shewed by signes exteriors and of such signes is the sayde science of phyzonomy for the which it behoueth firste to knowe that the time is deuided in four parts as it hath ben said afore that is to wit primetime sommer haruest and wynter that he compared to the four elements prime time to the ayre sommer to the fyre haruest to the earth and winter to the water of the which foure elements euery man and woman is formed and made and without the which none may liue the fyre is hot and dry the ayre is hot and moyst the water is moyste and colde the earth is cold and dry also they say that the person on whom the fire domineth is colerike of complexion that is to say hot and dry he on whom the ayre domineth is sanguine of complexion that is to say hot and moyst he on whom the water domineth is flumatike of complexion that is to say moyst and colde he on whom the earth domineth is melancolike of complexion that is to say colde and dry the which complexions they knowledge and discerne the one fro the other by signes that be sayde hereafter of the foure complexions cap. xli the colerike hath nature of fyre hot and dry naturally is lene and sclender couetouse yrefull hasty brainlesse folish malicious deceitful and subtil where he applyeth his wit. he hath wine of the lion that is to saye when he is dronken he chydeth feighteth and commonly he loueth to be cladde in blacke russet and gray the sanguine hath nature of ayre hote and moyst he is large plenteous attempred amiable habundant in nature mery singing laughing lyking ruddy and gracious he hath his wine of the ape the more he drinketh the merier he is and draweth to women and naturally loueth hye coloured cloth the flumatike hath nature of water colde and moyste he is heauy slowe sleepy ingenious commonly he spitteth when he is moued and hath his wine of the shepe for when he is dronken he accounteth him selfe wysest and he loueth most greene coloure the melancoly hath nature of earth colde and dry he is heauy couetous a backbyter malicious and slowe his wine is of the hog for when he is dronken he desireth slepe and to lye downe and he loueth cloth of blacke colour the iudgements of mans body cap. xlii to come to oute purpose of speaking of visyble sygnes we will begyn to speake at the sygnes of the head first we aduertise that one ought to beware of all persons that hath defaute of members naturally as of sote handâ— eye or other member and though he be but a creple and specially of a man that hath no berde for such be enclyned to diuers byces and euyls one ought to eschewe his company as his mortall enemy also shepards say that much and playne haire sign â—â—teth a person piteous and debonayre they that haue red haire byn commonly yreful and lacke wyt and ben of litle truth blacke haire good visage and good coloure sygnifyeth very loue of iustyce hard haire signifieth that the person loueth peace and concord and is of good and subtill wit. a man that hath blacke haire and a red berde signifiâ—th to be lecherous disloyallâ— a vaunter and one ought not to trust in him the yelowe haire and crispe signifieth man laughing mery lecherous deceitfull blacke haire and crispe signifieth melancoly lechery euil thought very large hanging haire signifieth wit with malyce great plenty of haire in a woman sygnifieth boistousnes couetise a person with great eyes is slouthfull vnshame ful inobedient and weneth to know more then he doth but when the eyen be meane not to bygge nor to small and that they be not to blacke nor to greene such a man is of great vnderstanding curteyse faithfull trusty a person that is blere eyed goggeled and squint signifieth malice vengance cautel and treason they which haue great wyde eyen and hath long haire on their browes and eye lyddes signifieth folisâ—enes hatde of vnderstanding and robust wyt and be euill by nature the persons whych haue their eyen mouinge fast from one syde to another and haue their sight sharpe and quicke signifieth fraude and theft and is of litle trust the â—â—en that ben blacke clere and shyning ben the best and the most certayne and signifyeth wyt and dyscretion and such a person is worthy to be loued for he is full of trueth and of good condycions the eyen that ben ardaunt and sparkelynge sygnifyeth stronge harte force and puissaunce the eyen that â—en whytysh and fleshely sygnifyeth a person enclyned to vyce lechery and full of fraude shepardes saye that when a person beholdeth often as abasheâ—d shamefaste and fearefull and that in beholdinge it seemeth that he sighetâ—h and he hath small droppes appearing in his eyen then it is for certayn that such persons loueth and desireth the welth of them that they beholde but when any looketh in castinge hys eyen asyde as by wantonnesse such persons â—en disceytfull and purchaseth to greue him and suche persons wyll dyshonoure women and they ought to be taken heede of for such lookes ben false lecherous and deceauable they that haue small grayeshe eyen and sharpe signifyeth a person melancholious hardy an euyll speaker and cruell and if a lyttle veyne appeare betweene the eyen and the nose of a wencheâ— they say that it signifyeth virginitie and in a man subtilitie of vnderstandinge and if it appeare great and blacke it signifyeth corruption heate and melancholy in woman and in man rudeâ—â—sse and defaute of wytte but that veyne apeareth not alwayes but the eyen that ben yelowe and haue no hayre on the browes sygnifyeth myselry and euyll dysposition of body great haires and
here beginneth the kalender of shepardes newly augmented and corrected ¶ here begynneth the prologue thys boke gentle reader was fyrst corruptly printed in fraunce and after that at the cost and charges of rycharde pynson newly translated and reprinted although not so faythfully as the origynal copy requyred wherfore it is once ageyne ouerseene and perused that the same may be at length correspondent to the actours mind and very profitable for the reader bycause this boke doth teche mani thinges that we be bounde to learne and knowe one peyne of euerlastinge death as the lawes of god sheweth how we maye knowe to kepe his commaundementes and to knowe the remedyes to withstande deadely sinne there be many men and women thynketh them selfe wyse and knoweth and learneth many thinges but that they be bounde to lerne and knowe that they knowe not ¶ as fyrst the x. commaundementes of god and the v. commaundementes of the churche that euery creature that purpose to be saued shuld lerne and knowe and haue them as perfytely as their pater noster you people howe wyl you confesse you and if ye breke any of the x. commaundementes and you know not them ¶ truely there is but fewe that knoweth them ther fore ye that do not know them to your deligence to learne them for ye be bounde to lerne them aswell as to lerne your pater noster ¶ for howe can you keepe our lordes commaundementes and ye knowe them not and ye be bounde to breke not one of them on peyne of dampnation for and if thou breake one thou brekest all offende the lawe in one point and offende in all for and thou breke one thou doest not gods byddyng for he byddeth thee breke none and all that ye do in this world here but if it be of god or in god or for god all is in vayne you shoulde not occupy your selfe in vayne matters but in redinge of good bokes for vanitie engendreth vayne thoughtes and destroyeth deuoâ—ion to man what nede it you to studie on a thinge that is nought studye on your sinne and what grace by god in you is wrought ¶ also in this boke is many mo matters loke in the table here folowinge ¶ the table of the kalender of shepardes ¶ this is the table of this present booke of the shepardes kalender drawen out of frenche into englyshe with many mo goodly eddicions than be chaptered newly put therto first the prologue of the auctour that sayth how euery man may lyue lxxiiii ere 's at the least and they that dye before that terme it is by euyll gouernaunce and by vyolence or outrage of them selfe in theyr youth cap. primo the seconde prologue of the great maister sheparde that proueth in true by good argument al that the fyrst sheparde sayth cap. ii ¶ also a kalender with the fygures of euery sainte that is halowed in thee yere in the whiche is the fygures the houres the momentes and the newe mones cap. iii. ¶ the table of the mouable feastes with the compounde manuel cap. iiii ¶ the table for to knowe and vnderstand euery day in what sygne the mone is in cap. v. ¶ also in the fygure of the eclyps of the sonne and of the moone the dayes houres and momentes cap. vi ¶ the trees and braunches of vertues and of vyces cap. vii ¶ the peyues of hell and howe that they be ordeyned for euery deadly sinne whiche is shewed by fygures cap. viii ¶ the garden and fyelde of all vertues that sheweth a man howe he shulde knowe whether he be in the state of the grace of god or not cap. ix ¶ a noble declaration of thâ— vii princypall peticions of the pater noster and also the aue maria of tht three salutacions which the fyrst made the aungell gabriell the seconde made saynct elisabeth and the thyrde maketh our mother holy churche cap. x. ¶ also the credo in englyshe of the xii articles of our fayth cap. xi ¶ also the x commaundementes in englyshe and the v. commaundementes of the churche catholyke cap xii ¶ also a fygure of a man in a shyppe that sheweth the vnstablenesse of this transytory worlde cap xiii ¶ also to teache a man to knowe the fyelde of vertues cap xiiii ¶ also a shepardes balade that sheweth his frailtie cap xv ¶ also a balade of a woman sheparde that profyteth greatly cap. xvi ¶ also a balade of death that byddeth a man beware betyme cap xvii ¶ also thee x. commaundementes of the deuyll and rewarde that they shall haue that kepeth them cap xviii ¶ another balade that sainct iohn sheweth in the apocalips of the blacke hors that death rydeth vpon cap. xix ¶ a ballat howe princes and states shulde gouerne them cap. xx ¶ the trees and braunches of vertues and vices with the vii vertues agayne the vii deadly sinnes cap. xxi ¶ also a fygure that sheweth how the xii sygnes raygneth in mans body and which be good and which be bad cap. xâ—ii ¶ a pycture of the phesnomy of maÌ„s body and sheweth in what partes the vii planettes hath domination in man. cap. xxiii ¶ and after the numbre of the bones in mans body foloweth a picture that sheweth of all the veynes in the body how to be let blud in them ca. xxiiii ¶ to know whether that a man be lykely to be sicke or no and to heale them that be sycke cap. xxv ¶ and also here sheweth of the replexion of euyll humoures and also for to clense them cap. xxvi ¶ also howe men shulde gouerne theÌ„ the iiii quarters in the yere ca xxvii ¶ also how men shuld do when physycke doth fayle them for health of body and soule made in balade ryall cap. xxviii ¶ also to shew men what is good for the brayne the eyeÌ„ the throte the brest the harte and stomake properly declared cap. xxix ¶ also the contrary to shewe what is euyll for the brayne the eyen the throte the brest the harte and the stomacke folowinge by and by cap. xxx ¶ also of the foure elementes the similitude of the earth how euery planet is one aboue another which be masculine feminine cap. xxxi ¶ a crafty fygure of the worlde with the xii signes goynge about and also of the mouynges of the heauens with the planetes cap. xxxii ¶ also of the equinoctial the zodiake which is in the ix heauen which coÌ„teyneth the firmament al vnder it with a picture of a spyre cap. xxxiii ¶ of solticion of sommer and solsticion of wynter wyth a fygure of thee zodyake cap. xxxiiii ¶ of the rysynge discendynge of the sygnes in the horyzon cap xxxv ¶ and also of the deuysion of the earthe and the regions with a picture of the mobile cap. xxâ—â—i ¶ of the variacion that is in many habytacions and regions of the earthâ— capitulo cap. xxxvii ¶ also of thee xii sterres fyxed that sheweth what shall happen vnto theÌ„
of his natiuitie of his death and passion of his resurrection of his ascension and of his aduaunsing to the iudgemente that often tymes ought to be at our harte by holy medytacions and as to the last what thing a shepherd is i say that it is the knowledge of my vocation as eche hath his as afore is sayd and also to knowe the transgressions of all these foresayde thynges howe manye tymes in eche we haue transgressed for many tymes we haue offended god and who that taketh hede shall â—inde omissions and offences without number the which knowen we ought to doubt and eschew and do penance and thus it is as i know man is christen and shepherde the ballade of a wyse man capitulo .xv. i knowe that god hath tourned me and made me to his owne lykenesse i knowe that he hath geuen to me truly soule and body witte and knowledge ywysse i knowe that by ryghtwise true balaunce after my deedes iudged shall i be i knowe much but i wote not the variaunce to vnderstande wherof commeth my folly i knowe full well that i shall dye and yet my life amende not i i knowe in what pouertie borne a childe this earth aboue i knowe that god hath lente to me abundance of goodes to my behoue i knowe that riches can me not saue and with me i shall beare none away i knowe the more good that i haâ—â— the lother i shal be to dye i knowe all this faithfully and yet my lyfe amende not i i knowe that i haue passed great parte of my dayes with ioy and pleasanâ—e i knowe that i haue gathered sinnes and also do little penance i knowe that by ignorance to excuse me there is no arte i knowe that one shal be when my soule shall departe that i shall wishe that i had mended me i knowe there is no remedy and therfore my lyâ—e amende will i. here foloweth the ballade of the woman shepherde the which ballade is very necessary and profitable to loke vpon capitulo .xvi. in considering my pore humanitie aboue the earth borne with great weping i consider my fragilitie my harâ—e is ouer prest with sinning i consyder death will come verely to take my lyfe but the houre wot not i i consyder the deuill doth watch me the worlde and the fleshe on me watreth straitly i consider that mine enemies they be three that would deliuer me from death to death i consider the many tribulations of this worlde whereof the life is not cleane i consyder an hundred thousand passions that we pore creatures daily fall in i consyder the longer i lyue the worse i am wherfore my conscience cryeth out on me i consyder for synne some be damned as the boke saith which shall euer be deliuered from death to death i consyder that wormes shall eate me my sorowfull body this is credible i consyder that sinners shall be at the iudgement of god most dreadable o iesu christ aboue all thinge most delectable haue mercy on me at the dreadfull day that shal be so maruelous and doughtable which my poore soule greatly doth fray in you that i put my trust and fayth to saue me that i go not from death to death the songe of death to all christen people cap. xvii though my picture be not to your pleasaunce and if ye thinke that it be dreadeable i iiii iv i x xv take in worth for surely in substance the sight of it may to you be profitable there is no way also more doughtable therfore learne knowe your selfe and see loke how i am and thus shall you be and take hede of thy selfe in aduenture rede i for adams apple we must all dye alas worldly people beholde my manere sometime i liued with beautious visage mine eyen be gone i haue two holes here i am meate for wormes in this passage take hede of welth while ye haue the vsage for as i am thou shalt come to dust holed as a thimble what shall thee aduance nought but good deedes thou mayst me trust all with my likenesse ye must all daunce the time that i was in this world liuing i was honoured with lowe and hye but i kepte not my conscience cleane from sinning therfore nowe i do it deare abye lo what auayleth couetise pride and enuy they be the brandes that doth brenne in hell trust not to your frendes when ye be deade rede i nor your executours for fewe doth well but do for thy selfe or euer thou dye and remember whyle thou art liuing that god blessed all thinge without nay excepte synne as recordeth writing the deuill can not clayme thee but by synne i say amende therfore betyme and go the right way i would that i might haue but one houre or two to do penance in or halfe a day but while i lyued i did none do but nowe my dettes i do truly paye thou man i do geue better counsell to thee if that thou wilt do after it then euer any that was shewed te me thou art halfe warned thinke on thy pit and chose of two wayes which thou wilt flit to ioy or payne one of the two in welth or wo for euer to syt nowe at thine owne choyse thou mayst go for god hath geuen thee free will now chose thee whether thou wilt do good or yll here after foloweth the .x. commandements of the deuill i x xv who so will do my commaundements and kepe them well and sure shall haue in hell great torments that euermore shall endure thou shalt not feare god nor thinke of his goodnes to dampne thy soule blaspheme god and his saintes euermore thine owne will be fast doing deceaue men and women and euer be swearing be dronken hardely vpon the holy day and cause other to sinne if thou may father nor mother loke thou loue nor drede nor helpe them neuer though they haue nede hate thy neighbour and hurt him by enuy murder and shed mans blood hardely forgeue no man but be all vengeable be lecherous in dede and in touching delectable breake thy wedlocke and spare not and to deceaue other by falsehode care not the goodes of other thou shalt holde falâ—ly and yelde it no more though they speake curtesly company often with women and tempte them to sinne desire thy neighbours wife and his goodes to be thine do thus hardely and care not therfore and thou shalt dwell with me in hell euermore thou shalt lye in frost and fyre with sicknes and hunger and in a thousand peeces thou shalt be torne a sunder yet thou shalt dye euer and neuer be deade thy meate shal be todes and thy drinke boyling leade take no thought for the blud that god for thee shed and to my kingdome thou shalt be straight led here foloweth the rewarde of them that kepeth these commaundements aforesayde in hell is great mourning great trouble of crying or thunder and noyses roaring with great plenty of wilde fier beating with great strokes like gunnes with
or when hys wyttes as his eyen his eares the other do not kindly their operations in likewise when he may not labour and trauel also when he forgetteth lightly that which of necessitie ought to be kept in memory and when he spitteth often or when his nosethrilles aboundeth in superfluous humours and when he is negligent in his workes and when his flesh is blowen or swollen in the vysage in hys legges or his secte or when his eyen be holowe in his heade these ben the sygnes that sygnifyeth a man being in sickenesse and who that hath most of the foresayd signes most is sicke other maner of signes almost semblable to them aboue sayd and sheweth the replexion of euill humours for to be purged of them cap. xxvi replection of euillâ— humours and dysposition of syckenesse after the opinion of shepardes the whych replection is to knowe howe to pourge the sayde humoures that they engendre no sickenes byn broken by the signes that foloweth ¶ fyrst when a man hath ouer greate rednesse in the face in the handes or in the nayles hauynge also the veines full of bludde or blede to much at the nose or to often or to haue peyne in the forheade also when the eares soundeth when the eyen watereth or be ful of gumme haue the vnderstandinge troubled when the pouâ—â— beateth to faste when the belly iâ— longe resolute and laxe and when one hath the syght troubled and eatynge also without appetyte and all the other sygnes before sayd bin by the whiche one may know the body euyll dysposed and haue in it corrupte humoures superflous and euyll ¶ thus fynysheth of the sygnes by the which shepardes know when they byn ole and well dysposed and other sygnes opposyts by the whiche they knowe when they bin syck or euill disposed ¶ a deuision and regyme of tyme of the which shepardes vseth after that the season tyme requyreth cap xxvii for to remedy the syckenesses and infirmities that a man hath to kepe hym from theÌ„ that he doubteth to come shepardes say that the time naturally channgeth foure times in a yer so they deuyde the yere in foure quarters that is ver sommer haruest wynter and in eche of these quarters they gouerne them as the seasons requyreth to theyr myndes the better it is for them and as the â—eason chaungeth so chaunge they theyr maner of lyuynge doyng and say that chaungynge of tyme without takynge good hede ofteÌ„ engendreth infyrmitiesâ— for that in one tyme behoueth not to vse some meates that byn good â—n an other tyme as that vse in wynter is not all good in sommer and so of the other seasons ¶ and for to knowe the changynge of tyme after these sayd parties they consyder the course of the son dy the xii sygnes and saye that euery of the sayd iiiiâ— quarters and seasons dureth thre monethes and that the sonne passeth by three sygnes that is to wyte in primetyme by pisces aries and taurus and these be the monethes february marche and april that the earth and trees reioyseth and chargeth with grene leues and â—oures that is a pleasure to beholde in sommer by gemini caÌ„cer and leo and the monethes byn may iune and iuly that the fruites of the earth â—â—oweth and rypeth in haruest by uirgo libra and scorpio and the â—onethes byn august september and october that the earthe and trees dyschargeth fruites and leaues and that tyme eche felleth and gathereth the â—â—ites in wynter by sagittarius capricornus and aquarius and the moâ—ethes byn nouember december ianuary that the earth and trees ben as deade and vncloâ—hed of leues fruites and of all grenesse after the which â—â—ureâ— seasons shepardes deuiseth the tyme that man maye lyue in foure ages as youth strength age and decrypte ben likened to the foure seasons of the yere that is to wyt youth to pryme tyme that is hot moist as thâ— herbs trees of the earth groweth so doth man in youth vnto xxv yere growâ— of body in strength beautie and vigoure force is lykened vnto sommer hoâ— and dry and the body of man is in his force and vigoure and entrypeth vntoâ— xlv yere age is compared to the tyme of haruest colde and drye that man leâ—ueth of growinge febleth and thinketh how together and spare for feare oâ— defaute and nede wheâ— he commeth to stopwing age and dureth to .lvi. yereâ— decrepyte is likened to the season of winter colde humyde by habundancâ— of colde humours and defaute of naturall heate in the which time man spenâ—deth that which he had gathered and kept in the tyme passed and if he hauâ— spared nothing he abydeth poore and naked as the earth and trees and duâ—reth vnto .lxii. yeare or more primetyme is hot and moyste nature of ayreâ— and complexion of the sanguyne sommer is hot and drye nature of fyre and complexion of coieryke haruest is colde and drye nature of earth and comâ—plexion of the melancoly winter is colde and moyste nature of water comâ—plexion of the flumatyke when complexion is well proportioned it feeleth iâ— selfe better disposed in the tyme semblable to it then it doeth in other tymesâ— but for that euery man is not well complexioned they ought to do as shâ—â—pardes doth that is to take regyment to kepe them self after the seasons anâ— gouerneth them by theyr ensygnements and teachings the which they vseâ— euery quarter of the yeare for to lyue the longer wyselyer and merely the regyment for primetyme march april and may. in primetyme shepardes kepe them selues metely well clothed noâ— ouer colde ne ouer hot as with lynseywolsy doublettes of fustian anâ— gownes of a meetely length furred with lambe most commonly iâ— this tyme is good letting of blud to auoyde the euyll humours that were gaâ—thered in the body the wynter tyme if syckeuesse happen in prymetyme it iâ— not of his nature but procedeth of the humours gathered in the wynter pasâ—sed prymetyme is a temperate tyme to take medicines for them that bâ— corporate and full of thycke humours to purge them in this tyme theâ— ought for to eate lyght meates that refresheth as chekyns kyddes with veâ—â—gyous borage beetes yolkes of egges egges in moneshyne roches perchesâ— pykerelles and all scaled fysh drinke temperate wyne bere or ale so that they be not to stronge ne ouerswete for in this time all swete things ought not to be vsed and a man ought to sleepe long in the morning and not on the dayeâ— the shepardes haue a generall regle or costume for all seasons that auaiâ—leth much againste all infirmities and sickenesses that is not to less his apâ—petite for eating and neuer for to eate without hunger also they saye that alâ— maner of flesh and fyshe is better rosted then sodden and if they ben soden tâ— broyle them on a gredyron or on the coles and they byn the more holsommer ¶ the regement for the tyme of sommer iune
sonne then it of mars then that of iupiter and after it of saturne and thus bin the skyes of the planettes after theyr order the eyght skie is of sterres fyxed and bin called so for that they moue more regulerly and after one guyse then the planettes do then aboue that is the fyrste mobyle in the whiche notinge apperethe that shepardes may se. some shepardes say that aboue this ix skyes is one inmoble for it tourneth not and aboue that is one of chrystall ouer the whiche is the skie imperyal in the whych is the throne of godde of the which skie shepardes ought not to speake but onely of the fyrst mobyle and that it conteyneth all together called the world ¶ of one thyng they marueale much that is howe god hath distributed the sterres that he hath put none in the nynth skie and hath put so many in the ryght skie that they may not be nombred and in eche of the other vii but one onely in callinge the sonne and the moone sterres as appereth in the fygure hereafter ¶ here after the great mayster sheparde sheweth more playnely of the iiii elementes of the symylitude of the earth and how that euery planet is one aboue another and telleth which of them bin masculine as these fyue saturne iupiter mars sol and mercury and of two femynyne as uenus and luna and whiche of them is northly and southly and which byn orientall or occydentall capitulo xxxii ¶ of the mouynges of the skies and planettes some mouinges bin of the skies and planets that excedeth the vnderstandinge of shepardes as the mouynge of the firmameÌ„t in the which bin the sterres ageynste they fyrste mobyle in an hundred yere one degree and the mouynge of the planets in theyr episcycles of the which how wel the shepardes be not ignorant of al yet they make no mencyon here so it sufficeth them onely of two wherof the one is from orient into occident aboue the earthe and from occident in the orient vnder it that is called the dyurnall mouynge that is to saye that it maketh from daye to daye xxiiii houres by the whiche mouynge the ix skye that is the fyrste mobyle draweth after and maketh the other skies to tourne that byn vnder it the other mouynge is of the .vii. planettes and is from occident to orient aboue the earth and from orient into the occident vnder it and is contrary to the fyrste and byn the two mouynges that shepardes knowlegeth and how wel that they byn opposites yet moue thei contynually and bin possible as it is shewed by example if a ship on the sea came from orient into occident and that he of his owne mouyng weÌ„t in the shyppe softly towarde orient this man should moue a double mouyng wherof one snuld be of the shyppe and of hymselfe together and the other shuld be of his owne mouynge that he maketh softely towarde orient semblably the planettes byn transported with theyr skie from oryent into occidente by the dyurnall mouynge of the fyrst mobyle but later and otherwyse then the fyxed sterres by that that eche planete hath his propre mouinge contrary to the mouynge of the sterrer for the moone maketh a course lesse in a monthe about the earthe then a sterre fyxed and the sonne a course lesse in a yere the other planettes in certeyne time eche after the quantitie of his mouyng thus it appereth that the planettes moue two mouynges som shepardes say pose by imagnation that all the skies seassed to moue of the dayly mouinge the moone wolde make a course in goynge from the occideÌ„t into the orient in as much tyme as lasteth now .xxvii. dayes and viii houres and mercuryâ— uenus and sol wolde make in maner course in the space of a yere and mars in two yere or there about saturne in xxx yere or ther about for now they make their â—ourse or reuolucions accomplishe their propre mouynges in the tyme heâ—e named the propre mouynges of planettes is not streyght from occydence to oriente but it is as sydewe and shepardes se them sensyble for when they se the mone before a sterre one night the seconde or the thyrde nyghte it is behynde not streyght towarde oriente but shall be drawed one tyme towarde septemtrion and another time toward mydday and this is bycause of the latitude of the zodyake in the which be the xii sygnes vnder whom the planettes raygneth ¶ of the equinoctial and zodyake that be in the .ix. skies that conteineth the firmament vnder it capitulo .xxxiii. in the concaue of the fyrste mobyle shepardes imaigneth to be the two cyrcles they bin theyr royally the onâ— is as smal as a threde it is called equinoctiall and the other is large in maner of a gyrdle or as a garlande of floures whiche they call the zodyake and these two cyrcles deuideth the one and the other egally but not streyght for the zodyake crosseth crokedly the places where it crosseth bin sayd equinoctialles for to vnderstand the equinoctialâ— we se sensybly al the skie tourne from orient into occident it is called the dayly mouynge or diurnal theÌ„ ought one to imagine a streight lyke that passeth through the myddle of the earth commyng from the one ende of the sky to the other about the which lyne is made this mouynge the two endes byn two pointes in the skie that moueth not and byn called the poles of the worlde of the which one is ouer vs by the sterre of the north that alwayes apereth to vs and is the pole artike or septemtrional and the other is vnder the earth alwayes hyd called the pole antartike or pole austral in the middes of the which pole in the fyrste mobile is the circle equinoctiall egally before in the partie as in the other of the sayde poles after this cyrcle is made and measured the daily mouing of xxiiii houres that is a natural day and it is called eqinoctial for that when the sonne is in it the daye the nyght byn equal through all the worlde the large zodyake as sayd is in the fyrst mobyle also it is as a girdle manerly fygured and sette with images of sygnes entrayled subtylly and well composed and sette with fyxed sterres as shyning carbuncle or precious gemmes full of great vertue set by maistrysse ryght nobly adourned in the which zodyake be foure principall poyntes that deuideth them equally in foure parties one is hye called the solstyce of soÌ„mer which when the sonne is entred in cancer it is the longest day of sommer another is lowe called the solstice of winter which is when the son is entred in capricorne then it is the shortest daye of winter and mene call it equinoctial of haruest that the sonne entreth in libra in the moneth of september and the other is called equinoctiall of prymetime that the sonne entreth in aries in the moneth of march the which foure parties deuyded eche in thre equall parties maketh twelue
ben of the variation that is for diuers habitations and regions of the earth cap. xxxvii shepeherdes say that if it were possible that the earth were inhabyted all about and pose the case that it were so firste they that inhabite vnder the equinoctiall haue alwayes the dayes and the nyghts equall and haue the .ii. poles of the world at the two corners of their orizon and may see al the sterres when they see the two poles and the sunne passeth twyse in a yere ouer them that is when it passeth by the equinoctials thus the sunne is to them the one halfe of the yere towarde the pole artike and the other halfe towarde the other pole and therfore they haue two winters in a yere without great colde one is when we haue winter and the other when we haue sommer semblably they haue two sommers one is in march when we haue prime time and the other in september when we haue haruest and by this they haue foure solstices two hie when the sunne passeth by their zenich and two lowe when it declineth one way or other and thus they haue four vmbres or shadowes in a yere for when the sunne is in the equinocces twise in a yere in the morninge their shadowes be in the occidente and at night in the oriente and then at noone they haue no shadowes but when the sunne is in the signes septentrionals their shadowes be towarde the parties of the signes meridionals and so againeward secondly they that inhabite betwene the equinoctiall and the tropike of sommer haue in likewise two sommers and two winters and four shadowes in a yere and they haue no difference of the first saue that they haue longer dayes in sommer and shorter in winter for as the equinoctiall lengeth in likewise doth the dayes in sommer and in that part of the earth is the first climate and almost halfe of the seconde and is named araby wherin is ethiopia thirdly they that inhabite vnder the tropike of sommer haue the sunne ouer their heades and at the day of the solstice of sommer at noone they haue their shadowes smaller then we haue and there is a parte of ethiopic fourthly they that be betwene the tropike of sommer and the circle artike haue longer dayes in sommer then the abouesayde in as much as they be farther from the equinoctiall and shorter in winter and they haue the sunne ouer their heades ne toward septentrion and that part of the earth we inhabite fifthly they that inhabite vnder the circle artike haue the ecliptike of the zodiake to their orizon and when the sunne is in the solstice of sommer it resconseth not thus they haue no night but natural dayes of .xxiiii. houres semblably when the sunne is in the solstice of winter it is natural day when they haue contynuall nyght and that the sunne ryseth not to them sixthly they that be betwene the circle artike and the pole artike haue in sommer dyuers naturall dayes that be to them one day artificiall without any night and also in winter be many natural dayes which are to them alwaies night and the more that it approcheth the pole the more is the artificial day of sommer longe and dureth in some place a weke in other a moneth in other two in other three in other more and proporcionally the night is greater for some of the signes be euer on their oryzon and some alwayes vnder and as longe as the sunne is in the signes aboue it is day and while it is in the signes vnderneth it is night seuenthly they that inhabite right vnder the pole haue the sunne halfe of the yeare on their orizon and haue continuall day and the other halfe of the yere continuall night and the equinoctial is in their orizon that deuideth the signes six aboue and six beneath wherfore when the sunne is in the signes that be hye and towarde them they haue continuall day and when it is in the signes toward midday they haue continual nyght and thus in a yere they haue but one day and one night and as it is sayde of that parte of the earth toward the pole artyke a man may vnderstand of the other halfe and of the habitations towards the pole antartike the deuision of the earth and onely of the parte inhabited shepherdes and other as they deuide the earth inhabitable in .vii. partes that they call climates the first diamerous the second climate diaciens the .iii. dalixandry the .iiii. diarhodes the v. climate diaâ—omes the .vi. daboristines the .vii. diatipheos of the whych eche hath hys longitude determined and the latitude also and the nerer they be to the equinoctiall the longer they be and larger procede in longitude from orient to occident and in latytude from midday to septentrion the first climate after some shepherds conteyneth in length halfe of the circuite of the earth that is two hundred thousande .iiii. hundred myle it hath an hundred thousande two hundred myle of length the seconde and so of the other for the lessing of the earth comming toward septentrion to vnderstande what a clymate is after the sayinge of shepardes a clymate is a space of earth equally large wherof the length is from orient to occident the bredth is comming fro midday and fro the earth in habitable toward the equinoctiall drawing to septentrion as much as an â—â—rolege or clocke chaungeth not for in earth habitable the clockes change .vii. times in the bredth of the climates it is of necessitie to say that they be .vii. where the variation of horologes is there is the dyuersitie of clymates howe be it that such variation properly ought to be taken in the myddes of the clymates and not in the beginninge or ende for the proximitie and couenaunce the one of the other also one climate hath alwayes a day artificiall of soÌ„mer shorter or longer then another climate this day sheweth the differeÌ„ce in the middes of euery climate better then in the beginning or ende the which thing we may sensibly know at eye and therby iudge the difference of the clymates and it is to be noted that vnder the equinoctiall the dayes and the nyghtes in all tymes are equall eche of twelue houres but comming toward septentrion the dayes of sommer longeth the wynter dayes shorteth and the more that one aprocheth septentrioÌ„ the more waxeth the dayes in such wise that at the fyne of the last clymate the dayes in sommer be longer by thre houres and an halfe then they be at the begynnynge of the fyrst and the pole is more reysed by .xxxviii. degrees at the begynnyng of the fyrst clymate the longest day of sommer hath xii houres and xlv minutes in the pole is reysed on the oziron xii degrees and xlv mynutes and the myddes of the clymate the longest daye hath .xiii. houres and the pole reysed .xvi. degrees and the latytude dureth vnto the longest day of sommer that is
the sterre that we call the angle of the earth when we wil see it at eye we beholde our pomell as i beholde vnder this corde the nether end of my corde is the angle of the earth the sonne is right vnder it the long lines that trauerseth the ster of the figure that is the pomell of the skies serueth for .ii. houres the small lines for one houre but yet serue lynes as the chaunging of the sterre that signifyeth midnyght consequently the other hours for the long houres serueth to a month the small to .xv. dayes let the corde be stretched that it be seene ouer the pomell note some sterre vnder the cord that may be alway knowen that shal be it that alway shal shew vs the hours of the night after imagin a circle about the pomell distance of the sterre marked in which circle be imagyned the lynes or semblable distaunces as they be in the fygure as many distances as the marked ster shal be before the corde so many houres shal there be before midnight as many as shal be behind the corde so many houres be after midnight it must be knowen that the sterre marked changed the place in .xv. dayes by the distynctyon of an houre in a moneth of twayne wherefore it behoueth to take midnight in .xv. dayes farther by the distaunce of an houre and in a moneth of two and in two monethes of four and in three monethes of .vi. so that in .vi. monethes the sterre marked that was right vnder the pomell shall be right ouer and in other .vi. monethes it wyll come to the poynt where as it was first marked and this sayd marked ster one ought not to change but ought to chose it among many for the most knowledgeable and for the most to be founde amonge the other by this present figure shepardes know by night in the fieldes all seasons what time and houre it is be it afore midnight or after the .xxiiii. letters wythout the fygure byn for the .xxiiii. houres of a naturall day and the .xii. within byn for the .xii. monethes the sterre in the mids is the pomell of the skyes wyth the whych it behoueth to knowe one that is nexte it whych shal be a marked sterre and it by the whyche one may knowe the houres in the maner as before is sayde in taking mydnight in .xv. dayes furthermore by the distaunce of an houre for to know by nighte the place againste mydday as that of mydnighte the hye oryent and the hye occident the lowe orient and the lowe occident and the place in the skye ouer against which euerye signe ryseth shepardes vseth thys practyse they hange a corde that is made stedfast aboue and beneth then another with a plombe that discendeth tyll it be tyme for to staye it that they may be a lyttle distaunce one from another so that one maye see the flerre of the pomell right vnder the two cordes at once then they staye the corde with the plombe aboue or benethe now who that wyll see myddaye dyrectly be it night or daye goe on the other syde of the cordes and thou shalte see the place againste middaye then come on the first syde and thou shalt se the place againste midnight though it be daye for the hyest point of the zodyake in the longest daye of sommer lette the sonne be seene vnder the two cordes at the houre of myddaye and that he be so neere that he toche the cordes and marke in the corde toward the sonne the heyghte that he hathe sâ—ene it then by nighte marke some sterres that one maye alwaye knowe one in the same place is the passage of the solstice of sommer and when the dayes ben at the shortest the sterre that we see at mydnight in the sayde poynt of mydday ben directly they that ben next to the solstyce of sommer the which hath the signe nexte towarde orient is cancer and the signe next towarde occident is gemini and it is sayde from the heyght of the solstyce of sommer one may practyse the lowe solstyce of wynter the which we see on the myddaye when the daye is at the shortest ouer the place against midnight and his next signe towarde orient is capricorne and that toward occident is sagitarius one may marke the hye orient or the low but it behoueth that it be wheÌ„ the days ben at the longest or shortest and the distaunce betwene the two orients deuided in .vi. egall parties by eche ryseth two signes by the nerest partie of the hye orient ryseth gemini and cancer by the second taurus and leo by the third aries uirgo by the fourth pisces and libra by the .v. aquarius and scorpius by the .vi. more nere the occident capricornus and sagittarius and dyuers other things that may be practised on the skye ¶ of dyuers impressions that shepards se in the night in the ayre capitulo .xliiii. shhepardes that lyeth by night in the fields seeth many and diuers impressions in the ayre and on the earthe which they that lyeth in theyr beddes se not sometyme they haue sene in the ayre a maner of comet in fourme and fashion of a dragon castinge fyre by the throte another tyme hey haue sene fyre leaping in maner of gootes that leapeth without long during and other tymes a whyte impression the which appereth alwayes by right and at all houres the which they call the hye way to saynct iames in galice ¶ the fleing dragon gootes of fyre leaping the hye way to saynt iames in galyce other impressions there be as flambes of fyre that mounteth other as flaming of fyre that goeth sydeway other as styll fyre that bydeth long other there is that maketh great flames bydeth not long other also as candels â—ometyme great and sometyme lyttle and this they se in the ayre and on the earth another comet they se fallyng as an ardaunt spere brenning candell spere ardaunt fyre mounting brenning sparkles fyrebrandes wylde fyre moreouer shepardes see cometes in other maners that is to wete in maner of a piller flaming and dureth long another in maner of a flying sterre that passeth lightly but the third is couered sterre that dureth longest of all they se other fyue sterres erratykes that goeth not as the other ben they which they call planets but they haue fourme of the planetes and ben saturne iupiter mars uenus and mercurie and they see sterres of the which one is called the bearded sterre and the other heared sterre and the other a tayled sterre sterres erratykes comettayled flying sterre pyller ardaunt sterre tayled sterre heared sterre bearded quatuor his casibus sine dubio cadit adulter aut hic pauper erit aut subito morietur aut cadit in causam qua debet indice vinci aut aliquod membrum casu vel crimine perdet of a thunderstone that fell in the duchy of austrych how be it that the impressions here aboue seemeth things maruelous