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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62379	The grand assises: or, The doctrine of the last generall judgment with the circumstances thereof: comprised and laid forth in a sermon preached at the assises holden for the county of Southampton at Winchester, on Wednesday, July 28, 1652. By William Sclater Doctor in Divinity, preacher of the word of God in Broadstreet, London.	Sclater, William, 1609-1661.	1653 (1653)	Wing S918A; ESTC R218648	45,998	59

judgment and he shall judge the world in righteousnesse Joh. 8.50 There is one that judgeth saith Christ of his Father compare we 1 Pet. 1.17 To the Son it is ascribed Act. 10.42 1 Cor. 4.4 2 Tim. 4.1.8 to the Holy Ghost Isa 4.4 called the Spirit of Judgment The ground of this is that known Maxime in Divinity Opera Trinitatis ad extra sunt indivisa look as the Essence of the three Persons is aequall individed and the same so is the power and work one in relation to the Creature And yet howsoever this be orthodox truth that the whole Trinity doe judge in regard of their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or consubstantiality Authoritatively neverthelesse the whole execution of this Judgment 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in regard of Dispensation is committed unto the Son the Father and the Spirit judge but by the Son so Dan. 7.13 14. Act. 17.31 He hath appointed a day in the which he will judge the world in righteousnesse by that Man whom he hath ordained So Rom. 2.16 God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ in which respect the Judgment Seat is said to be Christ's Rom. 4.10 2 Cor. 5.10 And this is also an Article of our Creed The reasons of it are principally these two 1. First because the proceedings of the last Judgement being to be Visible it seemed good to the blessed Trinity to appoint the managing thereof to the man Christ Jesus that so the Judge might be seen in Majesty hence it 's said Joh. 5.27 He hath given him Authority to execute judgment also because He is the Son of many 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as (t) Pelargus in lo● p. 62. Pelargus expounds it that is according to his Humanity for this particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because in this place is not Aitiologicall Causall for the Humane nature is not the Cause of which that Judiciary power doth depend but it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Demonstrative shewing the Nature in respect of which that power is said to be communicated unto Christ the second Person Now the Godhead being invisible 1 Tim. 1.17 6.16 it is said truly Matth. 24.30 They shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of Heaven with power and great glory and Zach. 12.10 compared with Rev. 1.7 They shall looke on him whom they have pierced so likewise Act. 1.11 This same Jesus which is taken up from you into Heaven shall so come in like manner as you have see him goe into Heaven 2. Secondly because it is a part of the recompense of his Humiliation I am sure an especiall part of his Regall authority by vertue whereof all the enemies of his Spirituall Kingdome shall be forced to submit to the aequity of his Sentence Rom. 14.11 Every knee shall how to him and at his Name Phil. 2.10 that is all Creatures shall yeeld him homage and bee forced to acknowledge his power scepter and soveraignty The Apostles indeed Matt. 19.28 are said to judge the world by their solid Doctrine and eminent Example convincing them of their error and ungracious courses and all the Saints in generall likewise 1 Cor. 6.2 shall judge even the Angels however not by Originall and Supreme authority yet as (v) Ephe. 2.6 Assessors with the Lord Christ as it were upon the same Bench by approbation applauding the (w) Rev. 19.1 Justice of him who being as Abraham styles him Gen. 18.25 the Judge of all the earth cannot but doe right Now for the majesty under which he is here described in these words From whose face the earth and the Heaven flee away and there was found no place for them many are the conjectures for the sense some understanding it of the abolishing and utter annihilation of the whole frame of this present Universe being totally dissolved and melted by the fire of Conflagration at that day some moderne Expositors incline to this for that they read Rev. 21.2 I saw a new Heaven and a new Earth for the first Heaven and the first Earth were passed away and there was no more Sea though (x) S. August de Civ cap. 14. 16. Ambros Primas Bede Arethas Ribera ad loc P. Lombard l. 4. Dist 47. D. others with as much judgement apprehend it only to be an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a mutation or alteration in respect of qualities and the present species or corrupt form not of the actuall destruction of their Essence or Beeing a change of them into a melioration not an abolition by annihilation and they expound it by that in the Psalmist Psal 102.25 26. Of old hast thou laid the foundation of the earth and the Heavens are the work of thy hands they shall perish but thou shalt endure yea all of them shall wax old like a garment as a vesture shalt thou change them and they shall be changed As a Vesture Now you know the substance of the Body may remain the same though the Vesture that covers it be exchanged from an old (*) 1 Cor. 7.31 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fashion to a new Now as a Diamond is not so well cut as by a Diamond no more is the Scripture interpreted comparably as by it self And to the same purpose is that we read in 2 Pet. 3.13 where is mention made of new Heavers and a new Earth after those that now are vers 7. being reserved unto fire are purged by it Which fire at the last day as (z) Bonaventur ad 4 sent D. 48. qu. 1. Bonaventure (a) Durand in 4. sent D. 47. qu. 3. Durandus and Schooltmen are of opinion shall not even as the waters were not in the old deluge be anew created as a new materiall Element But it shall be only Ignitio quaedam elementi purgandi A certain fiery inflammation even as iron is made hot by a vehement heat not by receiving any new substantiall form of fire into its self By vertue of which Ignition the old drosse which sin had contracted over the face of the Creation shall be defaecated and repurged and a new fresh face or beauty restored to it And yet notwithstanding all this under the favour of more deep judgements me thinks by this flying away of the Heaven and Earth from before the face of this great Judge is as by a Periphrasis expressed in effect no more but this namely how the whole Creation shall be overwhelmed after a sort and vanish as it were at the glorious Presence and clarity of the Lord Christ They shall see the (b) Mat 24.30 Bellarm. l. 2. cap. 28. de Imag so Maldonat Co●el a Lap. sign of the Son of man by which the Papists generally underrstand the ensign of the Crosse by which he got the victory over all his Enenties others some (*) See the elaborate Annotations collected by Mr. Edward Leigh a choice Linguist of various learning and of great industry on Mat. 24.30 bright

is mentioned almost by all who treat on this subject of one Elias who undertook to foretell that the world should last just 6000 years 2000 before the giving of the Law 2000 under the Law and 2000 under the Gospel gathering it they say from David Psal 90.4 from Peter 2 Pet. 3.8 that a thousand years with the Lord are but as one day and one day as a thousand years and so allowing one day of the week for a thousand years by way of a resembling computation the time is made up and the seventh day as it was sometimes a day of a Spirituall but of a Temporary rest so then it should be an everlasting and glorious rest to all true Belcevers and the same say men of that apprehension was after a sort presigured in the Translation of Enoch for the six persons who were before him dying after the usuall manner of dying Enoch being the seventh as S. Jude saith dyed not after the ordinary way but was translated as it were in a figure hereof extraordinarily by God himselfe Gen. 5.24 Thus have these men spunne a thread upon the wheel of their owne imaginations not uttered an opinion upon sufficient warrant from Gods Word for this cannot bee proved to bee the Prophesie of * 1 King 17.1 Elijah the Tishbite who prophesied under King Ahab about the Three thousand and fortyeth yeare of the World and Nine hundred and odde yeares before Christ as some * Vid. Gerard. ubi supra tom 9. sect 77. ca. 7. Chronologers compute it but of one Elias a Jewish Rabbi about some Two hundred years before Christ But by the way a little if this conceit should be Authentick and hold right then that other opinion of the Chiliasts or Millenaries first mentioned by one * Euscb lib. 3. Ecclesiast Hist cap uli Nicephor Hist c. 20. Hieronym in Catalogo Scriptor in vita Papiae vid. Ribcram Comment in Apocal. c. 20. v. 6. p. 380 381. c. Papias of Hierapolis as Irenaeus reports it but much exploded in that age yet of late taken up again by many who have found more leisure to raise doubts then under that odde affectation of Singularity declared any satisfactory resolves unto them hereabout that opinion I say must vanish They pretend that Christ shall come personally and visibly to reign a thousand years upon earth before the Day of the last generall Judgement and all those who dyed Patriarchs or Prophets or Apostles Martyrs or Confessors or any eminent Saints and Israelites and Christians (i) Joh. 1.47 indeed shall then be raised up from the dead to reign with him and this they think is understood by the first Resurrection Rev. 20.6 Thus an Error or in a modest expression a Mistake confutes a Praesumption for if Christ must reign a thousand years visibly upon earth before the day of Judgement and that first Resurrection being not yet past then of necessity the world must continue above 6000 years for that we are now within 400 years expiration of those 6000 and yet that bodily Resurrection is not come to passe But as to this latter opinion besides the known maxime in Divinity Scriptura symbolica non est argumentativa many sound orthodox Divines do conceive it to have in it too worldly and too carnall an apprehension of the Nature of Christs Kingdome sith Himself hath said it that it was not of this world Job 18.36 in the outward (k) Act. 25.23 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 phantasies and pomp thereof but Christs Kingdome is within Rom. 14.17 in the inner man spirituall and mysticall And it is no new thing in the Scriptures to call our New birth in grace a Resurrection by arising spiritually out of the graves of our Naturall corruptions to a life of Holinesse even so it 's understood Col. 3.1 Besides this were to make some addition to the Articles of our Creed which neither mentions nor implies three visible Comings of the Lord Christ but only two the one at his first appearance in the Flesh to be Judged and the other in Glory to Judge the world even so the Holy Ghost expresly by his Divine Apostle Heb. 9.18 He shall to them that look for him appear 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the second time without sin unto salvation Christ comes but (l) D. Taylor twice Corporally once to merit salvation and again to perfect it But I must contract this discourse and all I have to adde more under this Head is a double advise The one not to search beyond a praecept after a Revelation unrevealed Noluit Deus prsdicari quod videbat non utiliter seiri saith (m) S. August Epist 80. ad Helychaum Austin God would not have it known beeause He saw it more profitable unknown Neo tamen negatum est ad Detrimentum quod ignoratum tribuit inerementum as (n) Hilar. l. 9 de Trin. Hillary If God had foreseen it advantageous for us He would undoubtedly have revealed it unto us Deut. 29.29 But this He hath assured us of that there is such a day and that it shall come as a thief in the night suddenly 2 Pet. 3.10 and S. James is expresse chap. 5.8 9. That the coming of the Lord draweth nigh and in most of the * Read Mat. 24 2 Thess 2 3. praecursory signes thereof it 's evident that the Judge standeth before the door as it were now ready to sound the last Trump sommoning all to the last generall Tribunall Well then what others give to a curious indagation of the time let us by casting off thoughts of security bestow upon a serious and hourly praeparation against that time and hour whensoever it shall be or how long soever that day shall continue which some have also unsatisfactorily if not praesumptuously discoursed upon or wheresoever it shall be whether in the vale of Jehoshaphat or in the Centre of the earth let us I say leaving these unrevealed * Deut. 29.29 secret things to God get into the Arke before the floud come that we may be safe when it doth come Praeveniendus est Dies qui praevenire consuevit saith a Father in a kinde of Prophecy praevent that day by a sedulous (o) 2 Pet. 3.12 expectation which may otherwise praevent us and come upon us as at (p) Luk 21.34 unawares (q) Latet ultimus Dies ut chserventur omnes Dies S. August l. 50. Hom. 13. thinking every day to be it The Rabbins have a Proverb Qui colligit in vespere sabbati vescetur in Sabbato Who so gathers his Manna before the Sabbath come in the Eve shall be fed with the same Manna in the morrow when the Sabbath is come to which purpose give me leave I beseech you to offer to your considerations a (r) Vide librum cui Titu lus est Destru●orium vitiorum a quodam no nine Carpentero conscriptum sub 41.6 story of a religious King sometimes of

they being as (k) Agapetus in Paraen ad Iustin Agapetus told Justinian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the substance or nature of their Bodies composed of the same brittle materialls with other men though as I said on the last like occasion they be Gods with Men yet are they but Men with God so that all subordinate thrones must then be cast down Dan. 7.9 all Commissions given up and a strict account bee taken both of themselves and of their stewardship even before Him who by Daniel who was the John of the Old as John was the Daniel of the New Testament is described under the title of The Ancient of Dayes sitting upon his throne Imperiall and Paramount whose garment was white as snow and the hair of his head like pure wool his throne was like the fiery flame and his wheels like burning fire A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him Thousand thousands ministred unto him and Ten thousand times Ten thousand stood before Him The Judgment was set and the Books were opened So Daniel Now this great Judicature is in this Text described after this manner The Division 1. By the Judicatory or Seat of Judgment with its Epithets or Adjuncts ver 11. I saw a throne and that a great and a white throne 2. By the Judge sitting on that throne who is God himself set forth under expressions of Majestick terror from whose face the Earth and the Heaven fled away and there was found no place for them 3. By the persons to be judged and that impartially The Dead small and great 4. The Arraignment of all those persons They stand before God 5. The Indictment The Books were opened 6. The Evidence The things written in those Books 7. The Sentence They were Judged 8. The Rule ordering that Sentence According to their Works 9. The means of the Discovery of all this to S. John and by him unto us and that was by revelation or speciall vision so himself acquaints us 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I saw saith he twice this vision as sometime Pharaoh's dream Gen. 41.32 was doubled to shew the certainty and assurance of what he thus had seen I saw a great white Throne and I saw the dead great and small stand before God c. And these at least as to my weak observation they occurre are the proper and genuine parts of this Scripture the present measures of my Sermon and your Christian patience Each of them being so important as they are do so invite your attentions that I need not to stand courting your ears at all to obtain them And so I addresse my self to my businesse and that after this order First beginning with the Divinity and the explication of the Text and then proceeding unto the Morality or the effectuall application of the whole Please to favour me with your patience whilest I am by Gods blessing in the dispatch of my Sermon I shall be as contracted as this deep matter and your waighty affairs ensuing will give leave But before I come directly to the severall parts I must of necessity say a few words of the supposals foregoing this last and Grand Assises and those are Death and the Resurrection Men were Dead and those Dead men again risen for surely not deadmen as dead but as risen were presented to the Barre and there stood before God Wherefore the Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Dead and of eternall Judgement are conjoyned Heb. 6.2 I saw the Dead great and small stand before God Mors a Morsu saith (l) S. August l. 1. Hypagnost contr Pelag. circamed Austine No sooner had the serpent fastened the venome of his teeth on the Protaplasts or our first Parents and his temptation bit them but they bite the forbidden (m) Gen. 3.6 apple and death immediately bit them again And so in in Adam all dye saith the great (n) 1 Cor. 15.22 Apostle in as much as he was not Vnus but Vniversitas as the Schoolemen expresse it not considerable as a single man by himself alone but as a publique person representing the Universality of all mankinde the Nature whereof being contaminated in the first Fall that infection runs still as tainted bloud in the veins of Posterity to this day so that now 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Damascen The whole sublunary Creature is become subject to mutation and as (o) Phil● de Mundo Philo saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to Generation succeedeth a dissolution Had man indeed stood in the honour of his first Creation and not blotted the eximious pulchritude and beauty of that (p) Gen. 1.26 Image in which he was first stamped he had needed as no Jesus to redeem his soul so no Aesculapius or Physician to cure his body He should have had temperamentum ad pondus as the Philosophers speak so equall a temperature in the exact symmetry of parts that no qualities in the Elements of which he is compounded should have contended for such a conquest as should have routed him into his grave For howsoever the Schoolemen more curious oft-times to raise doubts than judicious to assoyle them had a conceit that if the first Adam had never fallen yet the second Adam the Lord Christ had come in the flesh ad decus ornamentum generis humani for the Honour and ornament of the Humane nature yet that is but the play of some wanton wits it is not the plea of any solid judgement sith it disappoints at least misapprehends the proper end of Christs coming in the Flesh which was to suffer for and to (q) 1 Tim. 1.15 save sinners even such as by what Names or Titles soever they are distinguished above ground like to the severall Chessemen as they stand in the game under severall notions on the table yet being shuffled all together into one common bagge they have no distinction in the dust at all But in (r) Mat. 27.33 Golgotha as saith the Hebrew Proverb are skuls of all fizes as well great as small 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Agapetus for all have reason to say to Corruption Thou art my (s) Job 17.14 Father and to the Worms Thou art my Mother and my Sister some Great ones perhaps like Teeth may here dwell as in the mouth of Honour eat up or oppresse a man and his (t) Mic. 2.2 heritage as the Prophet speaks grinding the face of the poor or as Sapor King of Persia write Brother to the Sun and Moon or as the twelve Caesars divide the twelve moneths between them washing their steps in (u) Job 29.6 Butter housing themselves like snails in their golden shels and painting the earth as they passe with their silver slime and on the Theatre of this world act their parts so as they can blast with their breath thunder-strike with their frown and crush with their singer but the Interlude will end anon and then they must all get them along down to Death's tiring

signall testimony of his dreadfull and majestick approach to judgement when the powers of heaven shall be (c) See Heb. 12.26 27. shaken the earth tremble the mountains be overturned (x) 2 Thess 1.7.8 the starres shall fall from Heaven though not really for if one starre be bigger then the whole globe of Earth as Astronomers acquaint us what shall receive them all in their fall but seemingly as it were frighted from their stations and the Sun shall lose its light though not in regard of its innate Being yet in regard of the more glorious splendor of Christs appearance even as S. Paul comparing the Gospell with the Law the Spirit with the Letter saith 2 Cor. 3.10 Even that which was made glorious bad no glory in this respect by reason of the glory that excelleth In a word as the Psalmist hath it Psal 98.7 The sea shall roar and the fulnesse thereof the world and they that dwell therein before the Lord for he cometh to judge the earth with righteousnesse shall he judge the world and the people with equity yea and that impartially even without respect of persons Which leads me to the next particular that here the Text in order presents us with and that is the consideration of the persons thus impartially to be arraigned before this formidable and majestick Judge and these are small and great I saw the dead small and great stand before God Small and Great that is as well young as old as Ribera poor and rich so (d) Dionysius Carthusianus l. 2. c. 5. de quatuor Novissimis Dionysius Carthusianus Kings and Caesars as well as Subjects and Pesants in which regard we may say as the Psalmist Psal 49.1 2. Hear this all ye People give ear all ye Inhabitants of the world both low and high rich and poor together even men of low degree and men of high degree Psal 62.9 all the Heathen round about Joel 3.12 all nations Mat. 25.32 All must appear before the Judgement seat of Christ 2 Cor. 5.10 Christians and Pagans yea the righteous as the wicked Eccles 3.17 Rom. 14.12 Whether (e) 2 Tim. 4 1. quick that is whom the last day shall finde alive or by a (f) 1 Cor. 15.51 change aequivalently dead and revived again or else having indeed been dead are raised up again even all the world Psal 98.9 Judicium faciet gestorum quisque suorum Cunctaque cunctorum cunctis arcana patebunt There is no respect of persons with God Rom. 2.11 1 Pet. 1.17 Some curiosities there are coyned in the Mint of quaint heads as they would be accounted about this universality of appearance in Judgement As in what age or stature Infants and others very young shall arise from the dead and they have taken the boldnesse to determine that it shall be about that Age wherein Christ was in his fulnesse upon earth to wit about 33 misapplying to this purpose that Text Eph. 4.13 They shall all come 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the measure of the stature of the Fulnesse of Christ or of the Age as the originall bears it of the Fulnesse of Christ whereas that place if in my poor understanding I misapprehend not is more genuinely meant of that spirituall proficiency which under the power of the Ordinance by the work of the Ministery must by be Beleevers improved to the highest degree Another conceit of the Pontificians is that Infants dying unbaptized appear not in Judgement and their fancy is thus drawn out Then there shall be made a distribution into Sheep and Goats but such being unbaptized cannot be reckoned among the Sheep by reason of their sin originall nor among the Goats for the want of actuall sin whereas yet the Text saith that S. John saw 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as well as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 small and little as well as great and growen Besides that opinion is founded on a false supposall to wit of the absolute necessity of the work done in Baptisme so as if without the externall application of the water in the Signe there were an impossibility of sharing in the thing fignified against the orthodox Judgements of the Reformation according to the Scriptures Another tiffany dispute is this How Solomon saith Eccles 3.17 That the righteous as well as the wicked shall be judged whereas it is said that the Saints themselves shall be Judges of the world as ye heard but now To which the Resolution may be this that the very Saints themselves as well as others shall in respect of (*) Gerard. presentation be first presented before the Tribunall of Christ but having received the (g) Rom. 2.5 Declarative sentence of their absolution of Come ye Blessed they then meet the Lord in the aire partly by the assistance happily of Angels and partly by the agility of their own glorifyed bodies being caught up to be Assessors with Christ in the splendid Clouds of his glorious appearance as the Judge of all men 1 Thess 4.17 But to speak my mind freely I am in such (h) Vbi de re obscurissima disputatur non adjuvantibus Divinarum Scripturarum certis clarisque documentis cohibere se debet Humana praesumptio nihil faciens in alteram partem declinando S. August lib. 2. de Peccat merit cap. ult abstruse mysteries as these of opinion that it 's safer to offend of too much modesty if at least that be an offence then of too much audacity and praesumption to determine (i) Quo modo atque or dine illud sit suturum magis tunc docebit experientia quam nunc valet consequi ad perfectum Hominum intelligentia S. August lib. 20. de civ Dei cap. 30. Experience must and will be in this the surest Umpire in that great and glorious Day of Revelation In the mean time in this grave assembly I shall not present fine-spun opinions as ornaments to be worn only in the ear rather think it my duty to enforce the evidence of my Text which is clearly to convince us that all and every small and great shall impartially and without respect of persons be presented before this awfull and majestick Judge of all the earth For so saith expresly S. John in the Text I saw the dead small and great stand before God Which now brings me next in order to that part which I styled the Arraignment of all persons of what rank and condition soever they be noted from this expression They stand before God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is as the word imports as before the face of God so that whatsoever cunning Artifice there may be to contrive Maeanders or crafty fetches of wit or machinations to conceal the hidden and forbidden things of darknesse saying with those in the (k) Psal 10.11 Psalm Tush the Lord shall not see yet then all those pavilions all those mantles of Darknesse shall bee to no purpose at all nor of any more advantage to hide them from