or_o the_o palace_n of_o â—…en_n thousand_o sport_n and_o pleasure_n it_o stand_v by_o the_o lake_n on_o the_o north_n side_n for_o so_o we_o have_v place_v it_o according_a to_o our_o author_n description_n there_o the_o king_n repose_v when_o he_o go_v a_o fish_n or_o to_o take_v his_o pleasure_n by_o water_n q._n the_o seven_o palace_n call_v hu_o chim_z tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o tiger_n wall_n there_o the_o king_n breed_v up_o wild_a beast_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o go_v to_o see_v they_o himself_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o place_n be_v not_o particular_o set_v down_o by_o our_o author_n i_o have_v place_v it_o in_o that_o part_n which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v the_o most_o spacious_a and_o most_o proper_a between_o the_o two_o wall_n r._n the_o eight_o palace_n call_v the_o mansion_n of_o fortress_n of_o the_o middle_a appoint_v for_o exercise_v the_o eunuch_n the_o situation_n be_v not_o mention_v by_o the_o author_n only_o he_o place_v it_o between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o six_o s._n the_o first_o temple_n of_o the_o four_o most_o considerable_a in_o the_o palace_n it_o be_v call_v tai_n quam_fw-la mim_fw-mi or_o the_o palace_n of_o great_a light_n and_o dedicate_v to_o the_o bear-star_n it_o stand_v within_o the_o inner_a enclosure_n and_o i_o have_v place_v it_o on_o the_o left_a side_n as_o the_o most_o honourable_a place_n as_o be_v upon_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n t._n the_o second_o temple_n call_v tai_n cao_o tien_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o sovereign_a emperor_n this_o temple_n be_v dedicate_v to_o that_o famous_a deify_v captain_n mention_v in_o the_o sixteen_o chapter_n who_o name_n i_o can_v never_o find_v nor_o the_o precise_a time_n of_o his_o death_n i_o have_v place_v the_o temple_n at_o a_o venture_n upon_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o lake_n because_o our_o author_n say_v no_o more_o but_o only_o that_o it_o stand_v between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n v._o the_o three_o temple_n call_v macala_n tien_n or_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o ox_n head_n but_o our_o author_n do_v not_o precise_o mark_v down_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o x._o the_o four_o temple_n lama_n tien_n the_o palace_n or_o temple_n belong_v to_o the_o lama_n it_o stand_v in_o the_o plane_n as_o our_o author_n place_n it_o in_o the_o middle_a of_o a_o rocky_a mountain_n make_v with_o hand_n like_o a_o sugar-loaf_n with_o a_o tower_n at_o the_o top._n y._n twenty_o four_o palace_n for_o the_o mandarin_n high_a steward_n of_o the_o emperor_n household_n i_o have_v place_v they_o on_o the_o east_n side_n between_o the_o two_o enclosure_n where_o our_o author_n place_n they_o who_o make_v no_o particular_a description_n of_o they_o no_o more_o than_o he_o do_v of_o the_o other_o edifice_n as_o house_n of_o pleasure_n library_n magazine_n office_n stable_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v the_o curious_a more_o desirous_a of_o complete_a description_n and_o more_o perfect_a draught_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o emperor_n temple_n seat_v in_o pe_n kim_v and_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o king_n go_v abroad_o to_o perform_v public_a duty_n beside_o the_o temple_n which_o stand_v in_o the_o palace_n the_o emperor_n have_v seven_o more_o in_o each_o of_o which_o he_o sacrifice_n once_o a_o year_n five_o in_o the_o new_a city_n and_o two_o in_o the_o old_a one_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v call_v tien_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o heaven_n seat_v two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n and_o encompass_v with_o a_o round_a wall_n three_o furlong_n in_o compass_n one_o part_n of_o this_o area_n be_v take_v up_o with_o very_a beautiful_a building_n the_o rest_n with_o a_o green_a and_o very_o thick_a grove_n who_o tree_n be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a height_n and_o render_v the_o place_n no_o less_o melancholy_a and_o gloomy_a to_o we_o than_o it_o seem_v devout_a and_o venerable_a to_o the_o insidel_n it_o have_v five_o door_n on_o the_o south_n side_n three_o in_o the_o middle_n like_o the_o palace_n which_o be_v never_o open_v but_o when_o the_o king_n come_v to_o sacrifice_v and_o two_o of_o each_o side_n always_o open_a for_o admittance_n of_o all_o that_o go_v to_o the_o temple_n on_o the_o south_n and_o north_n side_n there_o be_v seven_o separate_a apartment_n six_o of_o which_o be_v hall_n and_o portal_n as_o large_a and_o magnificent_a as_o those_o of_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o seven_o be_v a_o vast_a and_o high_a round_a hall_n which_o represent_v heaven_n support_v by_o fourscore_o and_o two_o column_n the_o whole_a paint_a within_o side_n with_o azure_a and_o gold_n and_o cover_v with_o tile_n varnshy_v with_o blue_a in_o this_o temple_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n to_o heaven_n upon_o the_o day_n and_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n that_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o winter_n solstice_n attend_v by_o all_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n and_o as_o for_o the_o victim_n he_o offer_v they_o be_v ox_n hog_n goat_n and_o sheep_n great_a preparation_n be_v make_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o ceremony_n which_o be_v very_o solemn_a and_o the_o solemnity_n carry_v on_o with_o no_o less_o respect_n and_o humility_n for_o then_o the_o emperor_n lay_v aside_o his_o gold_n his_o precious_a stone_n and_o yellow_a robe_n appear_v only_o decent_o habit_v in_o a_o plain_a of_o vestment_n of_o black_a or_o sky_n colour_n damask_n the_o second_o temple_n be_v call'g_v ti_fw-mi tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o stand_v towards_o the_o west_n at_o a_o distance_n answerable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o first_o from_o which_o it_o differ_v nothing_o but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o tile_n varnish_v with_o green_a when_o the_o king_n be_v crown_v before_o he_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o go_v to_o this_o temple_n where_o he_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o earth_n afterward_o he_o put_v on_o the_o habit_n of_o a_o ploughman_n and_o with_o two_o ox_n with_o guild_a horn_n and_o a_o plough_v varnish_v with_o vermilion_n and_o streak_n of_o gold_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o plough_v a_o little_a piece_n of_o ground_n that_o lie_v within_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o temple_n while_o he_o be_v busy_a at_o his_o labour_n the_o queen_n with_o her_o lady_n in_o another_o part_n dress_v he_o a_o poor_a and_o homely_a dinner_n which_o she_o bring_v he_o and_o which_o they_o eat_v together_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n institute_v this_o ceremony_n to_o the_o end_v their_o king_n may_v remember_v that_o their_o revenue_n come_v from_o the_o labour_n and_o heat_n of_o the_o people_n brow_n and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o necessary_a expense_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o in_o useless_a building_n exorbitant_a sport_n and_o pleasure_n or_o superfluous_a riot_n to_o the_o north_n of_o these_o two_o temple_n stand_v three_o more_o distant_a two_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o the_o gate_n and_o from_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o north_n east_n and_o west_n side_n and_o which_o be_v altogether_o like_o the_o two_o former_a that_o on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v call_v pe_n tien_n tan_o or_o the_o north_n temple_n of_o heaven_n here_o the_o king_n sacrifice_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n solstice_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o vernal_a equinox_n he_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o eastern_a temple_n call_v ge_n tam_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o to_o the_o autumnal_a equinox_n in_o the_o western_a temple_n which_o be_v call_v you_o tamburlaine_n or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o before_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o sacrifice_n the_o king_n command_v a_o fast_a for_o three_o day_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o pe_n kim_v during_o which_o time_n they_o be_v forbid_v to_o eat_v either_o flesh_n or_o fish_n nor_o be_v the_o tribunal_n especial_o the_o criminal_a to_o do_v any_o business_n which_o somewhat_o resemble_v our_o fast_a of_o ember-week_n i_o ask_v a_o learned_a man_n one_o day_n what_o benefit_n they_o hope_v to_o obtain_v by_o these_o fast_n and_o sacrifice_n and_o how_o they_o dare_v affirm_v that_o their_o king_n nor_o queen_n ever_o sacrifice_v public_o to_o idol_n since_o the_o heaven_n the_o earth_n the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v all_o inanimate_a body_n that_o no_o way_n merit_v divine_a honour_n and_o sacrifice_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o god_n by_o who_o they_o be_v create_v to_o which_o he_o reply_v that_o the_o word_n heaven_n have_v two_o signification_n by_o the_o first_o be_v mean_v the_o material_a heaven_n call_v you_o he_o chi_fw-mi tien_n which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o see_v and_o of_o which_o we_o feel_v the_o
for_o want_v of_o art_n and_o knowledge_n not_o for_o defect_n of_o wit_n they_o have_v also_o several_a book_n that_o treat_v of_o the_o mathematics_n and_o military_a discipline_n and_o several_a excellent_a treatise_n of_o physic_n wherein_o they_o show_v the_o smartness_n of_o their_o wit_n by_o make_v several_a solid_a and_o learned_a discourse_n upon_o the_o pulse_n or_o beat_v of_o artery_n of_o which_o they_o have_v a_o particular_a knowledge_n upon_o the_o manner_n of_o know_v and_o distinguish_v between_o disease_n and_o disease_n they_o have_v several_a pleasant_a romance_n and_o book_n of_o chivalry_n like_o those_o of_o amadis_n de_fw-fr gaul_n oâ—…lando_n furioso_n d._n quixote_n etc._n etc._n and_o volume_n of_o history_n and_o precedent_n of_o obedience_n of_o child_n towards_o their_o parent_n of_o the_o loyalty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o prince_n of_o agriculture_n eloquent_a discourse_n pleasant_a poem_n full_a of_o witty_a invention_n tragedy_n and_o comedy_n and_o last_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o treatise_n upon_o a_o insinity_n of_o other_o subject_n beside_o that_o such_o be_v their_o readiness_n and_o quickness_n of_o invention_n that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o licentiate_n or_o doctor_n that_o do_v not_o publish_v at_o least_o one_o or_o two_o large_a volume_n they_o have_v five_o volume_n which_o they_o call_v u_o kim_n or_o the_o five_o write_n which_o among_o they_o be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o holy_a scripture_n among_o we_o the_o first_o be_v call_v xu_o kim_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o chronicle_n of_o five_o ancient_a king_n which_o the_o chineses_n esteem_v and_o worship_n for_o saint_n the_o three_o last_o be_v the_o head_n of_o three_o different_a family_n that_o reign_v for_o almost_o two_o thousand_o year_n that_o be_v to_o say_v almost_o as_o long_o as_o the_o nineteen_o family_n that_o succeed_v they_o including_z also_o that_o of_o the_o tartar_n that_o reign_v at_o present_a the_o first_o of_o these_o emperor_n be_v call_v yao_n who_o according_a to_o the_o chinese_n chronicle_n begin_v his_o reign_n four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o five_o year_n ago_o count_v to_o this_o present_a year_n 1668._o or_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o deluge_n according_a to_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o seventy_o interpreter_n this_o prince_n the_o legislator_n of_o the_o chinese_n be_v eminent_a for_o several_a virtue_n more_o â—…specially_o for_o his_o extraordinary_a clemency_n justice_n and_o prudence_n now_o in_o regard_n he_o see_v that_o his_o son_n have_v not_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v requisite_a for_o a_o good_a governor_n for_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o virtue_n then_o upon_o all_o other_o endowment_n he_o choose_v for_o his_o copartner_n in_o the_o empire_n one_o of_o his_o subject_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o xùn_n who_o he_o declare_v emperor_n upon_o his_o death_n bed_n and_o give_v he_o his_o two_o daughter_n for_o his_o wife_n this_o precedent_n the_o chineses_n make_v use_n of_o to_o maintain_v polygamy_n but_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n return_v for_o answer_n according_a to_o the_o sentiment_n of_o the_o father_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n that_o god_n at_o that_o time_n permit_v plurality_n of_o wife_n because_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o multiplication_n of_o human_a kind_a and_o for_o people_n the_o earth_n the_o chineses_n be_v satisfy_v with_o this_o answer_n because_o the_o first_o of_o their_o sacred_a book_n inform_v they_o that_o at_o that_o time_n china_n be_v but_o very_o thin_o inhabit_v moreover_o they_o approve_v the_o exposition_n which_o father_n julio_n aleni_n make_v upon_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o book_n call_v keù_n to_o ge_fw-mi chaos_n compose_v by_o the_o learned_a christian_n of_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_a from_o what_o they_o have_v hear_v the_o learned_a father_n discourse_n both_o in_o public_a and_o private_a that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o though_o the_o word_n of_o the_o text_n of_o that_o first_o book_n be_v cil_n niù_fw-fr those_o two_o monosyllable_n do_v not_o signify_v two_o daughter_n but_o the_o second_o daughter_n of_o the_o emperor_n yao_n which_o he_o marry_v to_o his_o successor_n for_o that_o the_o chinese_n as_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n at_o present_a never_o give_v no_o other_o name_n for_o distinction_n sake_n but_o only_o that_o of_o the_o order_n of_o their_o birth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o first_o the_o second_o the_o third_z son._n so_o that_o when_o they_o read_v that_o yao_n give_v to_o xùn_n cil_n niù_fw-fr the_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o emperor_n give_v he_o his_o second_o daughter_n the_o letter_n cil_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o figure_n 2_o among_o we_o that_o emperor_n xùn_o be_v applaud_v in_o this_o book_n for_o many_o virtue_n but_o more_o especial_o for_o his_o obedience_n to_o his_o father_n and_o his_o affection_n to_o his_o brother_n who_o both_o endeavour_v to_o have_v kill_v he_o several_a time_n but_o he_o suffer_v all_o their_o cruelty_n with_o a_o extraordinary_a patience_n among_o other_o example_n of_o his_o virtue_n there_o be_v two_o philosopher_n who_o report_n how_o that_o one_o day_n his_o father_n and_o his_o brother_n who_o be_v both_o as_o wicked_a as_o he_o be_v virtuous_a command_v he_o to_o go_v down_o into_o a_o well_o to_o cleanse_v it_o immediate_o he_o obey_v but_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o at_o the_o bottom_n but_o those_o barbarian_n transport_v with_o fury_n and_o malice_n draw_v the_o ladder_n and_o throw_v down_o great_a stone_n piece_n of_o wood_n and_o what_o ever_o they_o can_v find_v next_o at_o hand_n to_o destroy_v he_o in_o the_o well_o however_o he_o get_v out_o through_o a_o passage_n which_o he_o discover_v under_o ground_n nevertheless_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o seek_v to_o revenge_v that_o excess_n of_o fury_n and_o inhumaniâ—…y_n that_o he_o repay_v they_o with_o great_a mark_n than_o ever_o of_o respect_n and_o love._n the_o three_o emperor_n be_v call_v yù_n who_o have_v serve_v the_o emperor_n xùn_n during_o his_o life_n time_n with_o great_a loyalty_n and_o advantage_n the_o die_a prince_n make_v choice_n of_o he_o for_o his_o successor_n in_o regard_n that_o his_o son_n beside_o that_o he_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a be_v no_o way_n endow_v with_o part_n to_o govern_v the_o empire_n this_o emperor_n yù_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n take_v care_n to_o drain_v away_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o at_o that_o time_n overslow_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o plain_n of_o china_n and_o which_o the_o chineses_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o hûm_fw-la xùi_fw-la or_o the_o great_a deluge_n of_o water_n this_o emperor_n be_v desirous_a as_o his_o successor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o to_o choose_v for_o his_o successor_n one_o of_o his_o subject_n call_v you_o who_o have_v be_v assistant_n to_o he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o the_o people_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o declare_v that_o the_o emperor_n son_n be_v a_o person_n endue_v with_o all_o virtue_n necessary_a to_o govern_v they_o well_o and_o so_o they_o put_v he_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o prince_n that_o succeed_v this_o last_o emperor_n reign_v by_o right_a of_o succession_n and_o not_o of_o election_n till_o the_o emperor_n kie_fw-mi a_o vicious_a and_o cruel_a prince_n who_o be_v the_o last_o of_o this_o same_o first_o family_n the_o four_o emperor_n call_v chim_z tam_fw-la be_v the_o founder_n of_o the_o second_o royal_a family_n his_o eminent_a virtue_n have_v oblige_v the_o precede_a emperor_n to_o make_v he_o king_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o po_n which_o be_v at_o present_a comprehend_v within_o the_o province_n of_o hô_o nan_n he_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o emperor_n kie_fw-mi and_o after_o he_o have_v deliver_v the_o people_n from_o so_o cruel_a a_o tyrant_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o empire_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o this_o emperor_n there_o be_v such_o a_o drought_n that_o there_o be_v neither_o rain_n nor_o snow_n for_o seven_o year_n together_o as_o if_o the_o heaven_n have_v be_v make_v of_o brass_n the_o fountain_n and_o river_n be_v almost_o all_o dry_v up_o the_o land_n become_v barren_a and_o these_o calamity_n be_v attend_v with_o famine_n and_o pestilence_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o fatal_a extremity_n the_o emperor_n forsake_v his_o palace_n quit_v his_o royal_a habit_n and_o cover_v himself_o with_o certain_a skin_n go_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n call_v sam_n lin_n where_o as_o he_o lay_v prostrate_a upon_o the_o earth_n he_o make_v the_o follow_a prayer_n lord_n if_o thy_o people_n have_v offend_v thou_o punish_v they_o not_o because_o they_o have_v ignorant_o transgress_v against_o thou_o punish_v i_o rather_o who_o here_o present_v myself_o before_o thou_o as_o a_o victim_n ready_a
and_o largeness_n all_o those_o of_o other_o kingdom_n which_o be_v know_v to_o we_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o principal_a mandarin_n appear_v to_o be_v city_n and_o the_o house_n of_o wealthy_a private_a person_n resemble_v so_o many_o palace_n they_o consist_v of_o five_o or_o six_o apartment_n not_o one_o above_o another_o as_o in_o europe_n but_o one_o beyond_o another_o and_o upon_o the_o same_o platform_n every_o apartment_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o other_o by_o a_o large_a court_n from_o which_o you_o ascend_v into_o the_o hall_n and_o chamber_n by_o a_o ascent_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o step_n i_o have_v speak_v in_o general_a of_o their_o work_n and_o building_n in_o the_o second_o chapter_n i_o have_v also_o describe_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n the_o celebrate_a bridge_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v not_o far_o from_o pekim_a and_o i_o intend_v to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o last_o of_o the_o emperor_n palace_n nevertheless_o that_o i_o may_v 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or_o five_o hundred_o haule_n all_o together_o with_o loud_a hey_o boy_n and_o give_v such_o a_o stretch_n that_o the_o vessel_n mount_v up_o in_o a_o moment_n and_o be_v secure_v in_o the_o dead_a water_n between_o the_o side_n of_o the_o canal_n and_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o current_n the_o vessel_n on_o the_o other_o side_n fall_v down_o with_o more_o speed_n and_o ease_n but_o with_o more_o danger_n for_o the_o prevention_n of_o which_o they_o fasten_v a_o great_a number_n of_o cord_n to_o the_o poop_n which_o be_v let_v go_v or_o hold_v right_o with_o equal_a care_n and_o observation_n by_o those_o that_o hold_v the_o rope_n on_o both_o side_n the_o canal_n at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v other_o man_n on_o both_o side_n the_o vessel_n who_o with_o long_a pole_n with_o iron_n head_n guide_v the_o bark_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o canal_n to_o prevent_v she_o strike_v against_o the_o jaume_n or_o great_a stone_n to_o which_o the_o gate_n be_v fasten_v which_o when_o the_o bark_n have_v pass_v the_o cord_n be_v le_fw-fr we_o go_v which_o keep_v she_o from_o plunge_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o currant_n carry_v she_o as_o swift_a as_o a_o arrow_n out_o of_o a_o bow_n till_o she_o stop_v by_o degree_n as_o the_o stream_n grow_v weak_a and_o weak_a and_o carry_v she_o according_a to_o her_o usual_a course_n this_o canal_n begin_v at_o the_o city_n of_o tum_o cheu_n distant_a about_o two_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o pekim_a there_o be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n a_o river_n with_o the_o current_n of_o which_o vessel_n drive_v till_o near_o the_o sea_n it_o fall_v into_o another_o through_o which_o the_o vessel_n sail_v for_o some_o few_o day_n but_o than_o you_o come_v into_o a_o canal_n make_v with_o hand_n and_o after_o you_o have_v sail_v twenty_o or_o five_o and_o twenty_o league_n you_o come_v to_o a_o temple_n call_v fuen_v hui_o miaò_fw-la or_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o divide_v the_o water_n as_o far_o as_o this_o place_n you_o row_v upon_o the_o canal_n against_o the_o stream_n but_o when_o you_o come_v just_a against_o this_o temple_n you_o begin_v to_o swim_v with_o the_o stream_n and_o make_v use_v only_o of_o your_o oar_n now_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o our_o engineer_n and_o famous_a wit_n of_o europe_n how_o this_o can_v be_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o work_n of_o art_n or_o nature_n a_o bark_n lie_v cross_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o canal_n with_o the_o prow_n to_o the_o west_n on_o the_o temple_n side_n and_o the_o poop_n to_o the_o east_n now_o on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o water_n run_v towards_o the_o north_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o run_v towards_o the_o south_n to_o unfold_v this_o riddle_n you_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o on_o the_o east_n side_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o about_o half_a a_o day_n journey_n there_o lie_v a_o great_a lake_n between_o high_a mountain_n the_o water_n of_o which_o swell_v a_o good_a large_a river_n that_o bend_v its_o 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admit_v the_o least_o thought_n of_o revolt_n to_o slide_v into_o their_o heart_n as_o rather_o to_o be_v the_o bulwark_n and_o fortress_n of_o his_o kingdom_n these_o be_v the_o nine_o rule_n or_o maxim_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la sius_fw-la what_o follow_v be_v the_o exposition_n of_o a_o commentatour_n if_o the_o king_n say_v he_o put_v in_o practice_n these_o nine_o rule_n he_o may_v immortallize_v his_o reign_n and_o not_o only_o acquire_v great_a renown_n but_o attain_v the_o end_n for_o which_o heaven_n have_v advance_v he_o to_o so_o high_a a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n for_o if_o a_o prince_n govern_v himself_o well_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o shall_v also_o obtain_v that_o sovereign_a perfection_n and_o universal_a virtue_n of_o golden_a mediocrity_n he_o shall_v be_v a_o crystal_n mirror_n wherein_o his_o subject_n may_v behold_v themselves_o and_o a_o live_a rule_n and_o enliven_v d_o model_n for_o they_o to_o imirate_n if_o he_o esteem_v and_o honour_n man_n of_o learning_n and_o virtue_n with_o equal_a complacency_n they_o will_v discover_v to_o he_o the_o method_n and_o maxim_n of_o good_a government_n he_o will_v every_o day_n become_v more_o and_o more_o enlighten_v and_o acquire_v prudence_n judgement_n experience_n and_o knowledge_n how_o to_o govern_v himself_o and_o his_o people_n and_o he_o will_v find_v himself_o from_o moment_n to_o moment_n less_o uncertain_a and_o less_o entangle_v in_o the_o conduct_n of_o affair_n both_o of_o his_o house_n and_o kingdom_n if_o he_o love_v his_o uncle_n brother_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o kindred_n they_o will_v live_v together_o with_o he_o and_o serve_v he_o with_o concord_n and_o satisfaction_n if_o he_o favour_v and_o cherish_v his_o grandee_n they_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o diligent_a they_o will_v serve_v he_o as_o instrument_n to_o increase_v his_o power_n they_o will_v act_v sincere_o and_o just_o in_o all_o affair_n of_o importance_n in_o a_o word_n they_o will_v be_v a_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o he_o in_o all_o thing_n nor_o shall_v he_o ever_o be_v expose_v while_o he_o make_v use_v of_o their_o counsel_n to_o be_v without_o a_o guide_n and_o hazard_v his_o dominion_n by_o the_o rash_a error_n of_o his_o government_n if_o he_o consider_v his_o subject_n as_o his_o own_o member_n they_o will_v do_v their_o utmost_a to_o serve_v he_o with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o entire_a sidelity_n in_o return_n of_o their_o prince_n s_o esteem_n and_o favour_n if_o he_o love_v his_o people_n as_o his_o child_n he_o will_v fill_v their_o heart_n with_o joy_n and_o affection_n while_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prostrate_v themselves_o at_o his_o foot_n ensâ—…amed_v with_o love_n and_o veneration_n for_o their_o king_n their_o parent_n and_o their_o master_n if_o he_o invite_v to_o his_o court_n artificer_n and_o artist_n of_o all_o sort_n they_o will_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o settle_v or_o improve_v commerce_n agriculture_n and_o all_o such_o trade_n and_o art_n to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v breed_v thus_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v enrich_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o people_n the_o whole_a empire_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o will_v live_v in_o plenty_n and_o enjoy_v a_o abound_a and_o durable_a peace_n if_o he_o be_v courteous_a and_o liberal_a to_o ambassador_n and_o other_o foreigner_n the_o fame_n of_o his_o virtue_n will_v spread_v itself_o to_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o distant_a nation_n will_v glory_v to_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n if_o he_o cherish_v in_o his_o bosom_n the_o great_a lord_n of_o his_o kingdom_n he_o will_v excite_v they_o to_o all_o the_o heroic_a and_o illustrious_a action_n of_o which_o their_o quality_n and_o nobility_n render_v they_o capable_a and_o all_o with_o a_o respectful_a awe_n and_o ardent_a affection_n for_o their_o prince_n will_v embrace_v virtue_n and_o be_v guard_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o bulwark_n to_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o commentator_n upon_o the_o nine_o rule_n of_o good_a government_n i_o translate_v they_o out_o of_o chinese_n into_o portugueze_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o this_o essay_n man_n may_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o their_o sentiment_n upon_o this_o subject_a and_o the_o reader_n more_o clear_o understand_v the_o rest_n that_o follow_v the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v distinguish_v into_o nine_o order_n and_o every_o order_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o degree_n for_o example_n it_o be_v say_v such_o a_o one_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n or_o else_o he_o be_v a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o first_o second_o or_o three_o order_n this_o division_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o only_o the_o particular_a title_n which_o the_o king_n give_v they_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o their_o employment_n for_o though_o usual_o the_o mandarin_n be_v of_o a_o order_n superior_a or_o inferior_a according_a to_o the_o dignity_n of_o their_o employment_n nevertheless_o that_o be_v no_o general_a rule_n because_o sometime_o be_v happen_v that_o to_o recompense_v the_o merit_n of_o a_o person_n who_o office_n have_v be_v usual_o enjoy_v by_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o inferior_a order_n the_o king_n may_v give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o a_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o or_o second_o order_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o punish_v a_o person_n who_o office_n belong_v to_o the_o superior_a mandarin_n he_o debase_v he_o to_o the_o title_n of_o mandarin_n of_o the_o inferior_a order_n and_o the_o knowledge_n distinction_n and_o subordination_n of_o these_o order_n be_v so_o perfect_a and_o exact_a the_o veneration_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o latter_a towards_o the_o former_a be_v so_o great_a and_o last_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o the_o prince_n over_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o so_o absolute_a that_o i_o never_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n that_o can_v compare_v with_o it_o among_o all_o the_o search_v i_o have_v make_v into_o any_o of_o our_o government_n whether_o temporal_a or_o ecclesiastical_a the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o first_o order_n be_v counsellor_n of_o the_o king_n council_n of_o state_n which_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o the_o high_a dignity_n to_o which_o a_o learned_a man_n can_v arrive_v in_o this_o empire_n they_o have_v several_a name_n and_o several_a title_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a annex_v to_o their_o office_n of_o which_o the_o most_o common_a be_v nui_fw-la co_n co_z lao_n caiazzo_n siam_n siam_n cum_fw-la siam_n queen_n yet_o all_o these_o with_o little_a difference_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o assistant_n judge_n lateral_a and_o supreme_a counsellor_n to_o the_o king._n there_o be_v also_o several_a hall_n in_o the_o king_n palace_n magnificent_a as_o well_o for_o their_o architecture_n as_o for_o their_o spaciousness_n and_o furniture_n which_o be_v distinguish_v into_o inferior_a or_o superior_a according_a to_o the_o business_n therein_o transact_v for_o when_o the_o king_n will_v bestow_v any_o great_a favour_n upon_o some_o one_o of_o his_o counsellor_n he_o give_v he_o the_o name_n of_o one_o of_o those_o hall_n as_o chum_n chie_a tien_n that_o be_v to_o say_v supreme_a royal_a hall_n of_o the_o middle_a and_o then_o he_o add_v this_o new_a title_n to_o his_o usual_a name_n the_o king_n also_o give_v they_o other_o title_n by_o which_o they_o acquire_v a_o extraordinary_a same_n and_o honour_n when_o they_o merit_v those_o title_n by_o any_o glorious_a action_n as_o que_fw-fr chu_fw-mi which_o signify_v the_o pillar_n that_o support_v the_o empire_n of_o these_o counsellor_n there_o be_v no_o determine_a number_n be_v sometime_o more_o sometime_o few_o as_o it_o please_v the_o emperor_n who_o choose_v they_o at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n out_o of_o the_o mandarin_n of_o other_o tribunal_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v always_o one_o call_v neu_n siam_n who_o be_v their_o precedent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o emperor_n be_v prime_a minister_n and_o favourite_n the_o tribunal_n of_o these_o counsellor_n as_o it_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n so_o it_o be_v also_o place_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o supreme_a royal_a hall_n where_o the_o king_n give_v audience_n and_o receive_v the_o homage_n of_o the_o mandarin_n when_o he_o go_v abroad_o and_o here_o we_o must_v observe_v by_o the_o way_n that_o among_o the_o chinese_n the_o left_a hand_n be_v the_o place_n of_o honour_n this_o tribunal_n be_v call_v nui_fw-la yuen_v or_o the_o tribunal_n within_o the_o king_n palace_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o three_o order_n of_o mandarin_n the_o first_o be_v the_o king_n counsellor_n of_o who_o we_o have_v already_o speak_v these_o be_v to_o view_v examine_v and_o judge_v of_o all_o the_o memorial_n which_o the_o six_o chief_a tribunal_n of_o
severity_n of_o punishment_n as_o confiscation_n of_o good_n banishment_n or_o death_n then_o after_o they_o have_v inform_v the_o king_n they_o send_v back_o the_o indictment_n and_o the_o person_n indict_v to_o this_o tribunal_n where_o after_o another_o re_fw-mi examination_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n be_v pronounce_v to_o the_o palace_n appoint_v for_o this_o tribunal_n belong_v fourteen_o more_o inferior_a court_n or_o tribunal_n for_o the_o fourteen_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o second_o tribunal_n the_o torment_n also_o and_o execution_n which_o this_o court_n inflict_v upon_o criminal_n be_v of_o various_a sort_n which_o i_o omit_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v too_o tedious_a i_o shall_v only_o observe_v one_o custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a in_o europe_n where_o noble_a man_n be_v behead_v and_o ordinary_a offender_n be_v hang_v whereas_o in_o china_n the_o great_a ignominy_n that_o can_v befall_v a_o man_n be_v to_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o and_o therefore_o when_o the_o king_n will_v show_v a_o extraordinary_a favour_n to_o a_o great_a lord_n or_o mandarin_n condem'nd_v to_o die_v he_o send_v he_o a_o very_a soft_a piece_n of_o silk_n to_o be_v hang_v in_o instead_o of_o a_o halter_n and_o the_o reason_n which_o the_o chineses_n give_v to_o justify_v this_o conceit_n of_o they_o be_v this_o because_o they_o say_v that_o of_o necessity_n such_o as_o be_v behead_v must_v have_v be_v disobedient_a to_o their_o parent_n who_o give_v they_o sound_a and_o perfect_a body_n till_o they_o by_o their_o disobedience_n and_o their_o crime_n make_v a_o separation_n and_o disfigurement_n of_o the_o member_n and_o they_o be_v so_o possess_v with_o this_o opinion_n that_o the_o chineses_n will_v buy_v of_o the_o hangman_n the_o body_n of_o the_o malefactor_n execute_v if_o they_o be_v their_o parent_n for_o five_o ten_o or_o twenty_o crown_n nay_o sometime_o they_o will_v not_o spare_v for_o hundred_o and_o thousand_o of_o crown_n according_a to_o their_o wealth_n or_o poverty_n and_o then_o they_o sow_v the_o head_n to_o the_o body_n again_o with_o a_o world_n of_o lamentation_n and_o shower_n of_o tear_n to_o satisfy_v in_o some_o measure_n for_o their_o disobedience_n they_o report_v that_o the_o original_n of_o this_o ceremony_n proceed_v from_o a_o disciple_n of_o cum_fw-la fu_fw-la cius_fw-la call_v tsem_fw-la â—…su_fw-la this_o philosopher_n lie_v at_o the_o point_n of_o death_n send_v for_o his_o child_n and_o disciple_n and_o after_o he_o have_v show_v they_o his_o head_n his_o arm_n and_o his_o foot_n he_o take_v his_o last_o farewell_n of_o they_o in_o these_o word_n child_n say_v he_o learn_v of_o your_o father_n and_o your_o master_n to_o be_v as_o obedient_a as_o i_o have_v be_v to_o they_o who_o give_v i_o my_o be_v in_o this_o world_n and_o bring_v i_o up_o with_o so_o much_o care_n since_o by_o that_o mean_v i_o have_v preserve_v entire_a and_o perfect_a the_o body_n which_o they_o bestow_v upon_o i_o i_o say_v but_o now_o that_o the_o chineses_n purchase_v the_o body_n of_o parent_n at_o great_a rate_n which_o be_v true_a for_o they_o that_o be_v condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v be_v also_o sentence_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o common_a burial_n which_o be_v a_o most_o terrible_a infamy_n among_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n the_o hangman_n be_v oblige_v after_o he_o have_v strip_v the_o body_n to_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o next_o ditch_n and_o in_o sell_v the_o body_n he_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o be_v severe_o punish_v or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v the_o mandarin_n or_o the_o informer_n that_o discover_v the_o sale_n a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o money_n which_o he_o receive_v and_o therefore_o he_o must_v sell_v dear_a that_o he_o may_v give_v the_o more_o among_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n there_o be_v one_o observe_v by_o this_o tribunal_n which_o be_v enact_v by_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o which_o i_o can_v omit_v the_o rehearsal_n that_o when_o any_o criminal_a either_o for_o his_o good_a quality_n or_o for_o any_o other_o reason_n deserve_v to_o be_v pity_v whether_o he_o be_v condemn_v in_o the_o spring_n the_o winter_n or_o the_o summer_n he_o shall_v be_v reprieve_v till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o next_o autumn_n follow_v for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o chinese_n upon_o the_o birth_n or_o marriage_n of_o a_o prince_n or_o upon_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o public_a rejoice_v or_o after_o a_o earthquake_n or_o upon_o any_o extraordinary_a alteration_n of_o the_o season_n or_o element_n to_o release_v all_o sort_n of_o prisoner_n except_o some_o few_o that_o be_v except_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v those_o that_o be_v reprieve_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n or_o at_o least_o live_v in_o fair_a hope_n for_o some_o month_n the_o six_o and_o last_o superior_a tribunal_n be_v call_v cu_z pu_fw-fr or_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o public_a work_n this_o tribunal_n take_v care_n to_o build_v and_o repair_v the_o king_n palace_n their_o sepulcher_n and_o temple_n wherein_o they_o honour_v their_o predecessor_n or_o where_o they_o adore_v their_o deity_n the_o sun_n moon_n heaven_n and_o earth_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o palace_n of_o all_o the_o tribunal_n throughout_o the_o empire_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n they_o be_v also_o the_o surveyor_n and_o overseer_n of_o all_o the_o tower_n bridges_n dam_n river_n lake_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o render_v river_n navigable_a as_o highway_n wagon_n bark_n boat_n and_o the_o like_a to_o this_o palace_n belong_v four_o more_o inferior_a court_n the_o first_o be_v call_v vincentio_n xen_a su_n which_o examine_v and_o draw_v the_o design_n of_o all_o the_o work_n that_o be_v to_o be_v do_v the_o second_o thou_o hem_o sum_o which_o have_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o work-house_n and_o shop_n in_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o make_n of_o warlike_a arm_n and_o weapon_n the_o three_o tum_o xui_o sum_o takes_z care_n to_o make_v the_o river_n and_o lake_n navigable_a to_o level_v the_o high_a way_n to_o build_v and_o repair_v bridge_n and_o for_o the_o make_n of_o wagon_n and_o boat_n and_o other_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o convenience_n of_o commerce_n the_o four_o ce_fw-fr tien_n sum_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o land_n which_o he_o let_v out_o to_o hire_v and_o of_o which_o he_o have_v both_o the_o rent_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o harvest_n by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o six_o superior_a tribunal_n have_v under_o they_o four_o and_o forty_o inferior_a court_n which_o have_v their_o peculiar_a palace_n within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o palace_n of_o that_o tribunal_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v with_o hall_n chamber_n and_o other_o convenience_n every_o one_o of_o these_o forty_o four_o court_n have_v also_o a_o precedent_n and_o twelve_o counsellor_n four_o of_o which_o be_v of_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o order_n of_o mandarin_n four_o of_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o other_o four_o of_o the_o six_o order_n in_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o criminal_a tribunal_n the_o number_n of_o judge_n be_v double_a where_o all_o the_o inferior_a tribunal_n have_v a_o precedent_n and_o twenty_o four_o counsellor_n but_o beside_o these_o graduated_a mandarin_n there_o be_v some_o employ_v who_o be_v under_o no_o degree_n and_o yet_o be_v mandarin_n for_o all_o that_o however_o after_o some_o year_n service_n the_o king_n advance_v they_o to_o the_o nine_o and_o eight_o order_n of_o mandarin_n moreover_o all_o these_o tribunal_n have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o prothonotarys_n register_n clerk_n controller_n merchant_n usher_n porter_n messenger_n attendants_z and_o servant_n jailer_n provost_n sergeant_n bailiff_n beadle_n to_o whip_n and_o punish_v offender_n sweeper_n cook_n to_o dress_v their_o viand_n people_n to_o lay_v the_o cloth_n and_o wait_v at_o table_n and_o all_o at_o the_o king_n charge_n observe_v by_o the_o way_n however_o that_o what_o we_o have_v say_v as_o to_o the_o number_n of_o mandarin_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o precede_a family_n for_o at_o present_a their_o number_n be_v double_a in_o all_o the_o court_n for_o example_n the_o low_a court_n which_o consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o twelve_o mandarin_n have_v now_o twenty_o four_o that_o be_v to_o say_v twelve_o tartar_n and_o twelve_o chinese_n these_o be_v the_o six_o tribunal_n that_o govern_v all_o china_n and_o which_o be_v so_o famous_a over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n however_o that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o shall_v grow_v too_o powerful_a the_o ancient_a king_n that_o