creatures at the Creator's presence In the New Testament The passing of a Camell thorough the eye of a needle Mat. 9.24 The Stars falling to the earth as a figg tree casteth her untimely figgs the departing of the heaven as a scrowl rowled together Revel 6.13.14 The whole world cannot containe the books wherein our Saviour's acts should be written Joh. 21.25 may not litterally be taken but as sublime Hyperboles expressing in the first a matter of the greatest difficulty in the second a foretelling of stupendious confusion in the last the not registred acts of our Saviour hardly and not necessary to be recounted of So sin is confessed in tearms to be hyperbolically sinfull Rom. 3.7 Light affliction 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in an eminent hyperbolicall manner to work an eternall weight of glory 2 Cor. 4.17 And St. Paul acknowledgeth that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 before his conversion he persecuted the Church Gal. 1.13 * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Abusio so called when for want of a fit name to expresse a thing by we borrow that word which commeth nearest to hand by which means it commeth to passe that the word is abused and the Trope is more harsh and unequall as equum divina Palladis arte Aedificant Catachresis Catachresis abused as it were or far-fetched incongruous speeches may be tearmed such as All the earth was of one lip and one sort of words Gen. 11.1 that is of one Language and spake one Tongue Let us smite him with the tongue Jer. 18.18 Jer. 18.18 that is Slander him I will open the shoulder of Moab from his Cities Ezech. Ezek. 25.9 25.9 that is Dismantle his Townes to make way for his enemies I will turn to the people a pure lip that they may call upon the name of the Lord to serve him with one shoulder Zeph. 3.9 Zeph 3.9 that is with one consent So Daubing with untempered morter and sowing pillowes under arm-holes Ezech. 13. Ezek. 13. are unusuall to expresse deceitfull and flattering doctrine much more that as the Doway Bible gives it in the Canticle of my Cosen concerning his vineyard in Horn the son of oyle Isai 5.1 for Isa 5.1 Scituated in a fertile or fruitfull hill Likewise Psal 119. My soul is alway in my hand Psal 119. i. e. I am in eminent danger The ploughers plowed upon my back and made long furrowes Psal 129. Joh. 8.5 Psal 129. grieviously afflicted me To see death Joh. 8.51 for To die To shake off the dust of the feet Matth. 10.14 Matth. 10.14 for Utterly to renounce or abandon To pluck out the eye and cast it from us Matth. 5.29 Matth. 5.29 to take away occasions are elegancies in Scripture which otherwise might seem catachresticall So merit and wages or reward are urged which import no more then a good work and wages is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it is paid in the evening when the work is done Also plenty of all things is expressed by 1. Butter of Kine and 2. Milk of Sheep and 3. Fat of Rams and 4. Rams of the breed of Bashan and 5 Goats with 6. the fat of the kidneys of Wheat and 7. the pure blood of the Grape for drink Deut. 32.14 Deuter. 32.14 So I might have received mine own with usury that is with increase a Catachresticall Synecdoche Matth. 25.27 From one dead sprang so many as the stars of heaven Heb. 11.12 Heb. 12.1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as the sand beside the lip of the sea innumerable Heb. 11.12 A clowd of witnesses Heb. 12.1 * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 speciem praebere repraesentare because thereby is a representation made of some speciall thing that lyeth hid in the words which is made manifest either by the pronountlation of them or by the affixing of some demonstrative article to them and this when it is not so safe or meet to expresse our sense in words at length Virgil. Non licuit thalami expertem sine crimine vitam Degere more ferae Virum te praestes oportet Emphasis As Catachresticalls make an impression through their harshnesse and strangenesse so an Emphasis worketh through its vigour which in reading is enlivened by the pronunciation Hitherto are referred such epithets wherein the Apostles are called the salt of the earth Math. 5. wicked men the men of Gods hand Psal 17. Psal 17. employed sometimes to chastise the godly So Man of sorrowes Isa 53. Isa 53. Son of perdition of Belial of thunder of the morning have especiall emphases in them As also First born of death king of terrours bars of the pit Job 18.13 14. Job 18.13 Ib. 17.16 Ib. 38.37 Ib. 17.16 Bottles of heaven Ib. 38.37 With which may be ranged those high phrases and strains Behold I am against thee O thou destroying mountain saith the Lord which destroyest all the earth and I will stretch out my hand upon thee and roll thee down from the rocks and I will make thee a burnt mountain Jer. 51.25 Jer. 51.25 I will make it a possession for the Bittern and pools of water and I will sweep it with the beesome of destruction Isa 14.23 Isa 14.23 His breath shall sift the Nations with the sieve of vanity Ib. 30.28 Ibid 30.28 * Nominis pro nomine positio A putting of one word for another By this Trope the inventor is put for the thing invented the possessor for the thing possessed the continent for the thing contained and the efficient for the effect c. By Cicero tearmed Hypallage immutatio traductio lib. 3. de Orat. Traductio immutatio in verâ—o Metonymia Amongst Metonymies those wherein the cause and the effect the subject and the adjunct the antecedent and the consequent are taken one for another are most of note and use And the Lord said unto Cain Why art thou wroth and why is thy countenance fallen If thou dost well shalt thou not be accepted and if thou dost not well sin lyeth at the dore Gen. 4.6 7. Sin that is the punishment for sin the cause for the effect or as some Sin that is the sacrifice for sin a repentant heart in thy power and therefore hast no reason to lowre at my dealing with thee For the second what more frequent in the Old and New Testament then Sacramentall metonymies as To kill the passeover Exod. 12.21 Kill the passeover 2 Chron. 30.18 Keep or celebrate the feast of the passeover 2 Chron. 30.1 Christ our passeover is sacrificed for us therefore let us keep the feast not with old leaven neither with the leaven of malice and wickednesse but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth 1 Cor. 5.7 8. where Passeover the thing signified is put for the commemorative and sacrifice by which it was to be presented Exod. 12.14.27 In which metonymicall sense the words of institution of the Lords Supper must be understood
preachersought out to find acceptable words 5. warrantable doctrine by its owne grounds and confirmation of the masters of the assembly that which was written was upright even words of truth The words of the wise are as goads and nails fastned by the masters of the assemblies 6. derived from the Word which is given by the hand of one shepheard Christ our Saviour 7. Abstaining from distracting studies which wearie the flesh in making many books when his owne bible would give content if it be rightly used that we need especially for matters of salvation no other Directory XIIII The arms of a Christian Souldier against 1. principalities 2. powers 3. rulers of the darknes of this world 4. spirituall wickednesses in high places 1. the girdle of truth for the loyns 2. for the breast the brest-plate of righteousness 3. for the feet the preparation of the Gospel of peace 4. for the left hand next the heart the shield of faith to quench the fiery darts of the Divel 5. for the right hand the sword of the spirit which is the word of God 6. for the head the helmet of salvation 7. for the accomplishing of all prayer and supplications in the Spirit with watching and all perseverance Eph. 6.12 CHAP. VII Of Antitheses I. IT is written that Abraham had two sons the one by a bondmaid the other by a free-woman but he that was of the bond-woman was born after the flesh but he of the free woman was by promise Which things are an Allegory For these are the two covenants the one from mount Sinai which gendereth to bondage which is Hagar for this Hagar is mount Sinai in Arabia and answereth to Jerusalem that now is and is in bondage with her children but Jerusalem which is above is free and is the mother of us all Gal. 4. Where may be noted correspondencies and antitheses between 1. Hagar a bond-woman and Sarah free 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ismael Hagar's son after the flesh and Isaac Sarah's according to promise 3. Sinai in Arabia the desert and Jerusalem in the land of promise 4. Sinai called by the Arabians Hagar allegorizing the Law Jerusalem the mother of us all the covenant of the gospell thence proclaimed 5. dependers of the Law for justification Hagarens born to bondage adherents to faith the sons of Sarah born to freedom 6. fleshly Ismaelites persecutors spirituall sons of Sarah for a time under the crosse 7. the censure upon the persecuting juststiciaries Cast out the bond-woman and her son on the other side The freewoman's children shall be heyrs II. Antithesis between Christ and Adam Rom. 5. 1 Not as the offence so is the free gift that by justice extended this by grace abounded 2. That included the venome of one offence or propagated but one offence originall this quits from originall and infinite actualls 3. That by one brought in the tyranny of death this by one the gift of Righteousnesse and reign in Life 4. That the root of just Condemnation this of the free gift of Justification 5. That made all men sinners this made many righteous 6. The horridness of that is manifested by the Law the abounding of grace is more illustrious by the Gospell 7. That was attended by reigning sin unto Death this by Grace to Righteousnesse and Eternall Life III. Antithesis between the flesh and the Spirit Rom. 7. where 1. The flesh brings forth fruit unto death the Spirit contendeth to serve in newnesse of Life 2. The flesh holds by the old letter the spirit by a new tenure 3. The flesh worketh death by that which is good that sin might become exceeding sinfull the Spirit clears it selfe by pleading a pardon 4. By the flesh we are sold unto sin by the Spirit we attaine redemption 5. In the flesh to will may be present with us but deeds follow not but the spirit urgeth to performe 6. The inward man delighteth in the Law of God but the Law of the members carry the intents against the Law of the Mind 7. The flesh makes up the body of sin the Spirit obtaineth deliverance by Christ IV. Antithesis between the Body before and after the Resurrection 1 Cor. 15.1 It is sowen in Corruption it is raised in incorruption 2. It is sowen in Honour it is raised in Glory 3. It it sowen in weaknesse it is raised againe in power 4. It is sowen a naturall body it is raised a spirituall body 5. It is sowen as the first Adams issue having onely a living soul it is raised as the second Adams purchase made a quickning spirit 6. The first is of the Earth earthly the second from the Lord of Heaven heavenly 7. The first carrying the image or stamp of earth from which he was taken the second the badg of Heaven to which he is advanced V. Antithesis between true pastors and impostors or scorners 1 Cor. 5. We are made a spectacle to the World and to Angells and to Men. 1. We are fools for Christs sake but ye are wise in Christ 2. We are weak but ye are strong 3. Ye are honoured but we are despised as it appeareth because at this present hour we both hunger and thirst and are naked and are buffetted and have no certain dwelling place and labour working with our owne hands 4. Being reviled we blesse 5. Being persecuted we suffer it 6. Being defamed we entreate 7. We are made the filth of the world and are the off-scouring of all things unto this day VI. Gods Ministers to be approved 1. In much patience 2. In afflictions 3. In necessities 4. In distresses 5. In stripes 6. In imprisonment 7. In tumults 8. In labours 9. In watchings 10. In fastings By 1. Purenesse 2. By knowledge 3. By long-suffering 4. By kindnesse 5. By the Holy Ghost 6. By love unfained 7. By the word of truth 8. By the power of God 9. By the armour of Righteousnesse 10. On the right hand and on the left 11. By honour and dishonour 12. By evill report and good report As 1. Deceivers and yet true 2. As unknown and yet well known 3. As dying yet behold we live 4. As chastned and not killed 5. As sorrowfull yet alwayes rejoycing 6. As poor and yet making many rich 7. As having nothing and yet possessing all things 2 Cor. 6. VII The chast Matrone and the whore of Babylon are thus differenced 1. The Matron is cloathed with the Sun from Heaven Rev. 12.1 The great whore with Scarlet and Gold and Pearls from the earth 2. The Matron hath the Moon and spotted-changes under her Feet the Whore sitteth on many waters which will at length fail her 3. The Matron hath a Crown of 12 Stars upon her Head the Whore appeares with a frontlet of blasphemies Mystery Babylon the great Rev. 17.5.12.2 Mother of harlots and abhominations of the earth 4. The Matron is fruitfull and travelling to bring forth Children the Whore is drunk with the blood of Saints and Martyrs and
gentem Ad ditur ad finem fine exclamationis notâ Epiphonema or sententious closure relating to premises of consequence Thus they provoked him to anger with their owne inventions and the plague was great amongst them Psal 106.29 Thus were they stain'd with their owne works and went a whoring after their own inventions ib. 38. Thus they turned the glory of God into the similitude of a calfe that eateth hey Ib. 20. Thus Joash the King remembred not the kindnesse which Jehojada his father had done unto him but slew his son and vvhen he died he said The Lord look upon it and require it 2 Chron. 24.22 * Quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Libertas loquendi Parrhesia an assumed freedom of speech vvhich is commonly ushered in vvith an excusing praeface Men and brethren let me freely speak unto you of the patriarch David that he is both dead and buried and his sepulcher vvith us this day Act. 2.29 We cannot but speak the things vvhich vve have both seen and heard Ib. 4.20 the King knoweth of these things before whom I speak 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 freely For I am perswaded that none of these things are hidden from him for this thing was not done in a corner Act. 26.26 * Correctio quae tollit id quod dictum est pro eo id quod magis idoneum videtur reponit Author ad Heren Called by the Greeks likewise 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epanorthosis Epanorthosis doth in some sort qualifie that which hath as we make it slipped from us or drowneth somewhat which we would have understood though not uttered Can a woman forget her sucking child that she should not have compassion on the son of her womb Yea they may forget yet will not I forget thee Esa 49.15 Father save me from this hour but for this cause came I into the world Joh. 12.27 I laboured more abundantly then they all yet not I but the grace of God which was with me 1 Cor. 15.10 I marvell that you are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another Gospell which is not another But there be some that trouble you and would pervert the gospell of Christ Gal. 1.6 7. Attendant to this is * Reticentia Cicer. Obticentia Celsus Called by others Interruptio because the thred of discourse is broken off Virgil. Quos ego sed motos praestat componere fluctus Used 1. To expresse anger Quem quidem ego si sensero sed quid opus est verbis Plaut 2. Fear Virgil. Neque vincere certo Quanquam O sed superent quibus hoe Neptune dedisti 3. An high passion of grief Tu autem Jehova quousque Psal 6.4 Aposiopesis when somewhat is left to be gathered by a breaking off abruptly Oh this people have sinned a great sin and made them gods of gold yet now if thou wilt forgive them their sin It is too much for me to ask but thy infinite mercy may afford it if not blot me out I pray thee of the book which thou hast written Exod. 32. To whom I sware in my wrath if they should enter into my rest left to be understood Let not me be trusted any more upon oath If thou hadst known even at least in this thy day the things which belong unto thy peace thou wouldst have taken better courses or the like but now they are hid from thine eyes Luk. 19.42 * Aversio sermo aversus because the scene of speech is changed and directed to another Apostrophe Apostrophe in a continuate speech turns from the hearers or matter present and bespeaks a thing or person absent or present by the By. So David in lamenting the death of Saul and Jonathan le ts fly an imprecation upon the place where they were slain Ye mountains of Gilboa let there be no dew nor let there be rain upon you nor fields of offerings for there the shield of the Mighty is vilely cast away the shield of Saul as though he had not been annointed with oyle 2 Sam. 1.21 So in declaring Israel's exodus from Egypt he bespeaks the sea and Jordan with the mountains and earth it self What aileth thee O thou sea that thou fleddest c. Psal 114.5 So Isaiah makes the heavens and earth his auditors Hear O heaven and give ear O earth for the Lord hath spoken I have nourished and brought up children and they have rebelled against me Isa 1.2 Baldnesse is come upon Gaza Askalon is cut off with the remnant of their valley how long wilt thou cut thy self O thou sword of the Lord how long will it be ere thou be quiet Put up thy self into thy scabbard rest and be still Jer. 47.6 In the 24th Psalm upon profession that although The earth be the Lords with all the fulnesse and inhabitants of the world yet because all have not that share in it as the Israelites God's favourites Deut. 10.14 15 the Prophet breaks out by an high Apostrophe to the Gates for enlarging themselves to entertain the Ark of God Lift up your heads O ye gates and be ye lift up ye everlasting doors and the King of glory shall come in Twice repeated that the compellation of the senslesse gates might make the deeper impression for opening to Christ knocking at the door of our hearts And this sort of Apostrophe to senssesse creatures is often met with in other Authors But two other besides the one to God the other to our own souls are peculiar in a manner to Scripture-Rhetorick Apostrophe to God 1. by Petition 2. Complaint 3. Praises 4. Thanksgiving 5. Detestation of opposites 6. Stirring up our selves 7. Inciting others and inviting Thus upon a narration of Gods wonderfull conducting the Israelites out of Egypt the Prophet raiseth a most patheticall Apostrophe Look down from heaven and behold from the habitation of thy holinesse and of thy glory Where is thy zeal and thy strength the sounding of thy bowells and thy mercies towards me are they restrained Doubtlesse thou art our Father O Lord why hast thou made us to erre from thy waies and hardened our hearts from thy fear by leaving us to putrifie in our own corruptions O that thou wouldest rend the heavens Behold thou art wroth for we have sinned Isa 63. Such are those of blessed King Charles worthy of all imitation Apostrophe to our own selves are termed Soliloquies seldom found out of Scripture So The river of Kishon swept them away that antient river the river of Kishon O my soul thou hast trodden down strength Judg. 5.21 In such a Soliloquy David cheareth up himself Why art thou so vexed O my soul and why art thou so disquieted in me O put thy trust in God for I will yet thank him which is the help of my countenance and my God Psal 42.14 So Praise the Lord O my soul and all that is within me praise his holy name Psal 103. So 104.