was proued to be most wyse and certayne of hys frendes asked hym why he durste be so boulde he aunswered that Plato was hys frende and so was Socrates but trueth hys frende more then they bothe euen so I thinke it no iniurye nor contumelye to Saynct Augustyne yf the same were sayde of hym also geuynge hym otherwyse hys dewe commendacions as he was surelye an excellentâ— man of dyuyne wytte and knowledge and so trauayled in settynge foorth Christes true Relygion in those turmoylous dayes in perpetual combatte agaynste learned heretykes and Prynces of the worlde that he is worthelye called a Doctour and Pyller of Christes Churche And as for Lactantius the intente of whose wrytinges was chiefelye to â—hys ende to dyminisshe thestimacion of Philosophye as at those dayes it was necessarie to doe amonge the Gentyles and to aduaunce Goddes woorde whyche they contemned for the symplicitie of the same albeit he attempted as farre as hys learninge woulde serue hym to make all thynges in Philophie vncertayne yet are hys argumentes so slender that vnlesse GOD by the secrete working of hys spyryte hadde called the Gentyles to the true Faythe I feare me leaste fewe or none of them specyallye of the greate wyttes woulde haue been conuerted by â—actantius argumentes Howe he dalyeth in denyinge the yearth to bee rounde and that it is possyble that it myghte bee longe and rounde lyke an Egge or otherwyse longe and holowe lyke a bote meanynge I suppose that the Sea myghte bee conteyned in the holownesse of the same wyth suche other opinyons grounded of no reason it were to longe to rehearse Yet forasmuche as he was a learned manne and for the better satisfyinge of suche wyttes as arâ— desyreous to know some appearaunce of truth by naturall reason and demonstracions lette vs admytte that the earth were rounde after anye of those fasshions whiche he describeth yet can it not bee denyed but that it is conteyned wythin the holowenesse yf I maye so call it of the ayre hauynge the heauen in euerye place dyrectelye ouer euery parte of the same as sayeth the Poete and Philosopher Virgill Caelum undique sursum Excepte perhappes Lactantius shoulde thinke that it honge by some thynge or were otherwyse borne vppe wyth pyllers as the Poetes Fable that the Gyaunte Atlas beareth the worlde on hys shoulders whereby they meane that a manne of valiente mynde must stoutelye beare the chaunces of the worlde Of whyche hangeinge or bearynge of the earth I reade a better and more true sayinge in the holye Scripture where it is written Fert omnia uerbo orâ—s sui that is that God sustayneth and beareth all thinges wyth the woorde of hys mouth Holye Iob also sayeth that the LORD â—tretcheth oute the Northe ouer the emptye and hangeth the earth vpon nothynge Meaninge by nothinge the ayre because to oure senses it appeareth in maner as nothynge Or otherwyse that it is not dependynge of anye other substaunce but to bee sustayned onelye by the power of GOD who hath appoynted the Elementes theyr places and lymittes and causeth the heuye to stande faste as wytâ—esseth Moyses in hys songe sayinge By the wynde of thy nostrels the waters gathered together the flouddes stoode styll as an heape and the deepe waâ—er congeled togeather in the heart of the Sea Wherefore yf the heauen bee rounde whiche no manne can reasonably denye that euer sawe the Sunne and sterres moue And yf the earth bee the center of the worlde dependinge as we haue sayde beefore then mâ—ste it needes folowe that they whiche inhabiting the Northweste partes of the earth haue the Pole Artike eleuate thyrtye degreeâ— muste needes bee Antipodes to them whiche inhabitinge the Southeaste partes of the earth haue the Pole Antartike eleuate in the same degree and so the lyke to bee vnderstand of all other eleuacions and degrees And yf here anye wyll obiect that eyther the earth or firme land is not so large or so farre exteÌ„ded or other wyse not inhabited althoughe it were so large or that the sea iâ— greater then the lande to thys I aunswere that no maÌ„ knoweth further hereof then is tryed and founde by experience as we haue sayde beefore And albeit that the sea were larger then the firme land yet forasmuche as there are Ilandeâ— founde in all places of the mayne Sea and in maner all inhabited there is no reason to the contrarye but that the people of those Ilandes maye be Antipodes to such as dwel on the fyrme lande on the contrary parte whether the earth be round and longe yea or square yf you wyll notwythstandynge But wyth what certayne demonstracionâ— the Astronomers and Geometricians proue the earth to bee rounde and the Sphericall or rounde forme to bee mooste perfecte it were to longe to declareâ— I wyll therefore make an ende of thys matter wyth the sayinge of Sayncte Paule in hys Oracion to the menne of Athens That GOD made of one bloudde all nacions of menne to dwell vpon the hole face of the earth ¶ I hadde entended here well beeloued Reader to haue spoken somewhat of suche straunge thynges and Monsters whereof mencion is made in thys Booke to thende that suche as by the narownes of theyr vnderstandinge are noâ— of capacitie to conceaue the causes and natures of thynges myghte partely haue been satisfyed wyth some sensyble reasonsâ— But beynge at thys tyme otherwyse hindered it shal suffise al good and honeâ—t wittesâ— that whatsoeuer the Lorde haâ—h pleased that hath he done in heauen and in earth and in the Sea and in all depe places◠¶ Ecclesiasticus Capit. i. ¶ The eye is not satisfyed with syght the eare is not fylled with bearinge ¶ The Table ¶ Of the Ilande of Iaua Of the Ilande of Madagascar Of the Ilande of zanzibar Of the two Ilandes in the which men and womeâ— dwell a sunder Of the mightie Empyre of Cathay subiect vnder the dominioÌ„ of the great Cham or Cane Emperour of Tartaria Of certayn Prouinces subiect vnder the dominioÌ„ of the great Cham. Of the Prouince of Mangi Of the Region of Tangut Of the newe Ilandes howe when and by whom they were founde Of the two Ilandes Iohanna and Hispana Of the Canibales which eate mans fleshe Of the maners of the inhabitantes of Hispana How Christophorus ColuÌ„bus after that he had founde the newe Ilandes returned to Spayne and preparing a new nauie sailed agayn to y e Canibales How ColuÌ„bus the Admiral passed many IlaÌ„des and what chaunced to hym his in that viage Of the newe India as it is founde and knoweâ— in these oure dayes Of the Adamant stone otherwise called the Diâ—mant Of the KingdoÌ„s cities of Narsinga Canonor Howe the Elephantes in India are prepared to the warres Of the beaste called Rhinoceros Of Calicut the moste famous markette towne of India Of the maners of the Indians in Calicut Of Pepper and other
the same was fyrst in sense that is to saye subiect to y e senses Yet would I not that any rashe witte shoulde hereby take holde as thoughte eyther Aristotle or I meant that sence were more excellent thâ— reason but rather that reasoÌ„ vsing sense taketh his principles and fyrst sedes of thinges sensyble afterwarde by his owne discourse searching of causes encreaseth the same froÌ„ a seede to a tree as from an acorne to an oke Nought els to say but that experieÌ„ce to be most certayn which is ioyned with reason or speculacioÌ„ and that reason to be most sure which is confirmed with experience accordinge as the Phisicians determeâ— in theyr science that neyther practyse iâ— safe without speculacioÌ„ nor speculacioÌ„ with out practyse Wherfore whereas men of great knowledge and experieÌ„ce are to great affaires theyr attemptes haue for the moste parte good successe as doeth moste playnly appeare in all histories notwithstanding that some ignorauÌ„t men wyl alledge that certayn rashe adueÌ„tures haue prospered well which sayinge proueth no more theÌ„ yf a maÌ„ should say that twise or thrise a maÌ„ vnarmed slew a maÌ„ armed as dyd sometyme the wyld IrishmeÌ„ at bulleÌ„ Ergo it were better to fight vnarmed theÌ„ armed And wheras I haue here spokeÌ„ of knowledge ioyned w t experieÌ„ce I meane by knowledge y t which we coÌ„monly call learning whether it be gotteÌ„ out of bokes which are the writinges of wyse and expert men or otherwyse by conference educacioÌ„ with such as are lerned meaning nought els by learning but y t gathering of many meÌ„s wittes into one mans head the experience of many yeres and many mens lyues to the lyfe of one whoÌ„ we call a learned wyse and expert man The which defynicion and effect of learning the noble learned cortier Baltassar Castaglione the auctour of the boke called in the Italian tongue il cortegiono diligently consideringe doeth greatlye blame and reproue the frenshmen in that they thinke y t the knowledge of letters doeth hinder the affayres of warre y t which perswasioÌ„ he proueth by many reasons and examples to be most false But as concerninge the matter whereof this boke entreateth the greate Philosopher Albertus Magnus onelye by learninge wythoute experyence affyrmed that habitable or temperate Regions myghte be vnder the Equinoctial or burninge lyne as appeareth in hys Booke de Natura locorum contrarye to the opinion of other wryters whyche were before hys tyme and yet is nowe proued by experience to bee moste true albeit not in all places vnder the sayde lyne the cause whereof were here to longe to declare And lyke as Albertus Magnus by knowledge of Astronomye wherein he excelled came to the vnderstandinge hereof euen so that greate Clerke but better dyuyne then Phylosopher Sayncte Augustyne and also Lactaâ—tius for lacke of lyke knowledge in that science fell into a chyldishe erroure denyinge that there is anye people called Antipodes of whom the greate Astronomer of one tyme Apianus wryteth in thys maner Antipodes are they whyche walke wyth theyr fete dyrectelye contrarye agaynste oures and haue the heauen dyrectelye ouer theyr heades as we haue Yet haue we nothinge common wyth them but all thinges contrarye for when the Sunne causeth Sommer wyth vs then is it Myddewynter wyth them and when it is day wyth vs it is nyghte wyth them And when the daye is longeste wyth vs then is the longeste nyghte wyth them and the shorteste daye Whiche Lactantius a manne otherwyse well learned in his thyrde Booke Capittulo foure and twentye childisshelye erringe with hys lyghte and opinionate argumentes denyeth that there is anye suche and mocketh the Astronomers beecause they affyrme the earth to bee rounde whiche neuerthelesse they proue wyth moste certayne and apparente demonstracions of Geometrye and vn`ayleable experymentes Whome Sayncte Augustyne folowing in his sixtenth Booke de Ciuitat Dei Capittu ix wryteth after thys sorte Suche as fable that there is Antipodes that is to saye menne of the contrarye parte where the sunne ryseth when it falleth to vs and to haue theyr feete agaynste oures we oughte by no reason to beeleue Those bee the woordes of Sayncte Augustyne Notwithstandinge sayeth Apianus putte thou no doubte Gentle Reader that the Apostles of Christe were Antipodes the one to the other and stode feâ—te to feete the one agaynste the other when Iames thelder and brother to Iohn the Euangeliste the sonne of Zebedens was in Spayne in Galitia and Thomas the Apostle in the hygher India they were mooste certaynelye Antipodes walking feete to feete one agaynste the other almost as directly as a diametrical lyne For the Spanyardes are Antipodes to the IndiaÌ„s and the Indians in lyke maner to the Spanyardes Which thinge also the excellente and aunciente Auctour Strabo confyrmeth to bee true and lykewise Plinius Nat. Hist. lib. 2. Cap. 67 Volateranus also and all other Cosmographers Astronomers Hetherto Apianus and to declare my opinion in fewe woordes I thinke it no greate marueyle that Saincte Augustyne shoulde fall into an erroure in the science of Astronomie in whiche he trauayled but as a straunger forasmuche as he erred in many thinges in diuinitie which was his chief profession and was longe of the heresye of Manicheus beefore he was conuerted by Saincte Ambrose and wrytte also at the lengthe a Booke of retractes in whych he correcteth hys owne errours And I beleue playnely that that excelleÌ„t witte of hys could not haue remayned longe in y t errour yf he had been wel exercysed in Astronomy or had knowen any suche â—xperyence as is spoken of here beefore howe the Spanyardes by the Weste and the Portugales by the Easte compassed aboute the earth whiche coulde neuer haue come to passe yf the earth were not rounde Quantum ad maximas sui partes as they call it For as for hylles and Mountaynes though they be neuer so greate yet in respecte to the byggenes of the earth they doe no more lette the roundnesse hereof then doe the lyttle knobbes of the berrye which we call a galle lette the roundnesse of the same Whereâ—ore I am certaynely perswaded that yf Saynct Augustyne had continued hys studye in Astronomye as it hadde been pytye he shoulde or were alyue at thys daye he woulde also haue retracted this erroure But yf here anye supersticious head shall thinke it a heynous matter in any poynte to contrary Sainct Augustyne lette hym hearken howe Augustine hym selfe sayeth that he wyll neyther hys writynges or other mennes of howe greate name or fame soeuer they be otherwise to be beleued then the same shall by reason bee approued to be true Neque quorumlibet disputacionesâ— c. And lyke as the greate Philosopher Aristotel when he wryte agaynste hys mayster Plato of the question de â—dais and agaynste Socrates who by the oracle of Apollo
exteÌ„ded in length a thousand pases The houses thereof are but simple and very lowe not passinge the heygth of a manne of horsebacke from the grounde In the stede of a roofe they are couered with bowes of trees harde thicke couched together the cause hereof is that yf the earth there be in anye place digged fyue handfull depth the water springeth forth by reason wherof they can lay no depe foundacions for theyr houses sufficiente to beare anye heauye roofe The Kinge of thys citie is geuen to Idolatrie honoureth the deuyll himself Yet he denieth not but that there is a God which made heauen and earth And the same to be the chiefe auctone and fyrste cause of all thinges But sayth that he hath coÌ„mitted the rule and iudgemente of the world to the deuil to whom he hath geâ—en power to rewarde men with good or bad according to their desertâ—s This deuil they cal Deumo but the mightie God and maker of the world they cal Iamerani The king hath in his Chappell the Image of this deuyl Deumi sytting with a diademe or crowne on his head much lyke vnto the myter which the Romayne Bishoppes weare saue that this deuils myter hath foure notable hornes He sytteth gapinge and hath a greate wyde mouthe with foure teeth a deformed nose lowringe eyes a grimme terrible and threatening couÌ„tenauÌ„ce with hooked handes lyke fleshehookes and feete not much vnlyke the feete of a cocke Al such as behold this horrible monster are sodeynly astonied For it is surely a thing most vyle to beholde and no lesse terrible The chappel is on euery syde ful of painted deuyls in euery corner thereof sytteth a deuyll made of copper and that so workemanly handeled that he semeth like flaming fire miserably consuming the soules of meÌ„ This deuyl with his righte hande putteth a soule to his mouth with his lefte hand he taketh another froÌ„ a place beneth Euery morniÌ„g their Priestes called Bramini washe the Image of the deuyll with rose water or such other swete liquoure perfume hym with dyuerse swete sauours kneling on theyr knees and praying vnto him Euerye seuenth day thei take the bloud of a cocke put it in a siluer vessel ful of burning coales addinge thereunto innumerable odoriferous gummes pouders to make a swete smoke or fumigacion Then the Prieste taketh his senser with burning coles putting therto frankencense and thus maketh his oblacion to SathaÌ„ during which tyme of sacrifice a lyttle syluer bell is ronge continuallye The king sytteth not downe to his meate vntyll foure of his chapleins haue offred parte of the same meate to the deuyl And when the Kynge goeth to dyner he sytteth on the grounde withoute eyther carpet or table cloth And as he sytteth at diner foure of the priestes wayte vpoÌ„ him standing not approchinge nere vnto hym by the distaunce of foure pases geuing reuerent attendauÌ„ce vnto the kinges talke WheÌ„ he hath dyned the Priestes take the meate that is left geue it to the crowes to eate whiche byrdes they haue in such estimacion y t it is not lawful to hurt theÌ„ WheÌ„ the king shal marie a wife he goeth not to bed w t her vntil she be defloured of y e high Priest whoÌ„ the king for his paines rewardeth with .v. C. pieces of golde ¶ Of the maners of the Indians in Calicut NExt after the King y e priestes which serue y e Idols are had in chiefe reuerence Nexte vnto them the Magistrates called Nerâ— are no lesse estemed then amonge vs Senatoures or Lordes of the counsayl When these goe abroade they cary with them swordes targettes bowes iauelins Such as are counted of the thyrde order are in like place with them as are Artificers with vs. They of the fourth order lyue by fishinge And to them of the fyfthe order perteyneth the gathering of pepper wyne walnuttes The basest and poorest sort are they which sowe gather ryce beyng conteÌ„ned both of the priestes and Senatours The Kinge the Quene and the inhabitantes of the cytie haue almost no apparel couering onely theyr fylthy partes with cotton of the tree called Gossampine and not with silke and are beside al together naked They goe barefoted and bareheaded WheÌ„ the King is dead yf there remayne alyue any heyres males either childreÌ„ or brethren or brâ—thers childreÌ„ they succâ—de not in the kingdome for by custome of the countreye the systers sonnes are inheritours to y e crown but yf there bee no suche lyuinge he succedeth in the kingdom which is nearest of bloud to y e king of whiche costume the reason is as they saye beecause the Priestes defloure the Quenes WheÌ„ the King taketh any farre iourney or rydeth a hunting the Priestes wayte vpoÌ„ the Quene at home and kepe her company for nothinge can be more thankefull to the kynge then to haue the Quene thus accustomed in adulterye with the Priestes by whiche coÌ„mon prostitucion of the quene he maye well iudge that the chyldreÌ„ borne of her are not to be estemed as his owne and therfore assigneth the right of his inheritaunce to his systers children as to the nerest of his bloude because his brothers children as is sayd before may not succede him in the kingdome by the custome of the countrey The noble men and marchauntes vse this fashion amoÌ„g theÌ„ selues Such as haue wiues do often tymes chaunge theyr wyues one frende with an other for thencrease of further freÌ„dship At which exchaunging of wyues one of them speaketh to another after this maner Forasmuch as you are my veri frend let vs chauÌ„ge wyues on such coÌ„dicion that I maye haue yours you myne The other asketh him yf he speake in earneste He sweareth yea let vs goe theÌ„ sayth his felow to my house when they are come thether the good man calleth forth his wife saying vnto her Woman come hether folow this maÌ„ for he shall froÌ„ henceforth be thy husband She asketh him yf he speake in earnest he answereth in good earnest TheÌ„ sayth the womaÌ„ I wil folowe him gladly He taketh her away w t him and in lyke maner sendeth his wyfe to his frende And this is the custome which thei vse in chauÌ„ging of wyues But the childreÌ„ remaine with theyr fyrste father Other of these Idolaters vse dyuerse other customes For among some of them one woman is maried to seuen husbaÌ„des which lie with her by course one after another And when she hath broughte forth a child she sendeth it to whiche of her seuen husbaÌ„des she list who maye in no case refuse it When they eate they lye along on the grounde haue theyr meate in greate disshes or treys of copper In the stede of spones they vse leaues of trees Their meate is ryce fishe spyces and fruites of the coÌ„mon sorte Yf any man committe murther and
vs not by weight There is so great pleÌ„tie hereof that there are yearely certayne shippes ladeÌ„ therwith to Cathay where y e aire is colder From Sumetra to the Iland of Banda which is but rude and barren and of playne and lowe grounde whose inhabitantes are barbarous little differinge from beastes hauing lowe houses and no apparell but shertes barefoted and bareheaded with long heare of despicable stature dulle witted of no strength and Idolaters The soyle of this countrey bringeth forth nothiÌ„g but nutmegges a few other fruites The sâ—alke or bodi of y e nutmeg tree is not much vnlike y e stalke of a peache tree bringing forth lyke braunches and leaues but somewhat narower Before these nutts be rype y e mace crepeth on the tree lyke a florishing rose And when the nutte waxeth rype the mace embraseth it round about And so they gather both together in commune at a tyme appointed for they vse no distribucion thereof but he that gathereth most hath most This tree bringeth forth his fruyte plentifully without any arte of husbandrye or tyllage They are gathered at such time as we gather chestnuttes From this Iland within sixe dayes sayling is the Iland of Monoch in the which cloues are founde as also in other Ilandes therto adioyninge The tree whiche beareth cloues hath his stalke not much vnlike vnto the boxe tree with leaues lyke the Cinomome tree but somewhat rounder And when the cloues beginne to waxe rype they beate the trees with redes spreding fyrst couerlettes or mattes vnder y e same The grounde where these trees grow is of y e colour of cleye or sand This regioÌ„ is situate so low that y e seueÌ„ starres called Septenâ—riones being not farre froÌ„ Vrsa maior called charles wayne caÌ„ not there be sene because y â— south pole called pole Antartike appeareth aboue the earth ¶ Of the Ilande of Bornei THe IlaÌ„d of Bornei which some call Porne is distant froÌ„ Monoch fiftie leages The inhabitantes are Idolaters very quick witted and of maner of liuing not greatly to be discommended Thei vse not al one kynde of apparell Some weare shertes of gossampine cotton some beastes skinnes some high cappes lyke myters of redde colour This Iland bringeth forth yearely great plentie of Camphora called camphyre whiche they affirme to be the guÌ„me of a certayn tree Of this Ilande I wil speake more hereafter in the nauigacions toward the East partes ¶ Of the Iland of Giaua The Iland of Gyaua is distant froÌ„ Bornei v. dayes sayling towarde the south This IlaÌ„d is so great y t it coÌ„teineth in it many kingdoÌ„s y â— inhabitaÌ„tes aâ— geueÌ„ to idolatri It brigeth forth silke which of it selfe groweth there plentifullye in the wooddes The precyous stone called Smaragdus which is y e true Emerode is found there more excellent then in any other place of the worlde It hath abundaunce of golde copper of the best kynd The soyle beareth wheat other corne withal kindes of fruites in great plentie WheÌ„ the men of this countrie goe to the sea theyr weapons are bowes and arrowes of redes They vse also to infect theyr arrowes with venime and to blowe them oute of a trunke as we doe pellets of claye with the which yf they drawe neuer so little bloud presente death foloweth immedialye They haue also this custome that when they see theyr parentes by reason of age to be vnprofitable they bring theÌ„ to the market towne and there sell them to the people called Anthropophagi which eat â—leshe of whom they are incontineÌ„tly slayâ—e and eaten The same doe theâ— with the yonger forte also yf they fall into any desperate disease ¶ Of the Iland of Iaua THere are two Ilandes of thys name as Iaua the more Iaua the lesse The biggest reacheth forth toward the South is sayd to haue in it many kingdoms The inhabitantes are Idolaters haue a peculier language In this Iland is greate plentie of pepper Nuttemegges Spikenarde Galangale other spices Mani marchauntes of other countreies are wont to resorte thether geat great riches by y e spices which they carie froÌ„ thense In this Iland also are people called Anthropophagi which are wont to eate mens fleshe ¶ Of the Iland of Madagascar THis Iland is counted to be one of the greatest and rycheste Ilandes of the worlde The inhabitantes are of Mahumets secte as are the Turkes It bringeth forth many Elephantes by reason wherof there is greate plentie of Iuerye which is the Elephantes to the. For it is thought that there is no greater plentie of Iuerie theÌ„ in this Iland in the Iland of Cuzibet They eate the fleshe of none other beastes but onely of Camels because the Ilande is full thereof also that it is founde to be more holesome for the people of that countrey then any other fleshe There are also in this Iland manye woddes that bringe foorth redde sanders for the which many marchauntes resort thether In the sea about this Ilandâ— great whales are taken out of the which amber is gathered There are lioÌ„s leopardes hartes hyndes goates and many other beastes and foules by reason whereof they vse muche haukinge and huntinge ¶ Of the Iland of Zanzibar THe Ilande of Zanzibar hath a peculier Kinge and language The inhabitantes are idolaters are of grosse and shorte stature but yf theyr heygth dydde aunswere to theyr thickenesse and breadth they mighte seme to be giauntes They are all blacke and goe naked onely couering theyr pryuie partes The heare of theyr heades is merueylouslye corlde They haue greate mouthes nosethrilles flyrtting vpwarde and wyde with great eares and cruell eyes Theyr women are deformed by reason of theyr greate eyes greate mouthes and greate nosethrilles They liue with milke flesshe ryce and dates They lacke wyne Yet they make a pleasaunt drinke of ryce suger and other spices Many marchauntes resorte thether for yuerie Amber for there is greate plentye of Elephantes and great whales ¶ Of the two Ilandes in one of the which dwell onely men and in the other onely womeÌ„ IN the mayne sea there are two Ilandes distante the one froÌ„ the other aboute .viij. or .ix. leages toward the south situate betwene the cytie of Aden and Calicut In one of the which dwel onely men without the company of womeÌ„ and is called the Ilande of men And in the other dwell onely women without men and is called the Ilande of women They are Christians and contract matrimonie The women neuer come to the Ilande of men but the men are accustomed to vysyte the women once in the yeare and tarye with them thre monethes continually euery man with his owne wife in his owne house after which time they returne agayn to her owne Ilande where they remayne
sene afarre of to the distaunce of fiftie leages in a fayre clere daye The reason whereof is that in the middest of the Iland ryseth a marueylous great strong rock which is thought to be .xv. leages high casteth â—oorth continuallye greate flames of fyre pieces of brimstone as doth the monnt Etna in the Iland of Sicilia The people of these IlaÌ„des lyue with barlye bread flesshe and mylke They haue also greate plentie of Goates wylde Asses and Fygges They lacke wyne and wheate ¶ Whether vnder the AEquinoctial circle or burninge lyne called Torrida zona be habitable Regions PIus secundus otherwise called Eneas Siluius of this question wryteth in this maner It hath been muche doubted whether habitable regioÌ„s maye be founde vnder the Equinoctial lyne Eratosthenes is of thoppinion that the ayre is there verye temperate So thinketh Polybius also affirming that the earth is there verye highe and watered with many showres Possidonius supposed that there is no Mountaynes vnder the Equinoctial Some thoughte that the Equinoctial lyne was exteÌ„ded beyond the earth ouer the mayne Ocean sea whiche thinge the Poet Homere semeth to insinuate where he faineth that the horses which drawe the chariote of sunne drinke of the Ocean seaâ— and the sunne it selfe to take his norishement of the same Whiche sentence Macrobius also foloweth Neither was Albertus Magnus farre from this opinioÌ„ who supposeth y t the sunne draweth vp so much moysture vnder the Equinoctial circle as engendreth the cloudes vnder the poles where by reason of thexcedinge coldnesse ayre is continualli turned into water But Ptolomeus thinketh the earth to bee extended beyonde the Equinoctial whereas he placeth a part of â—he Iland of Taprobana vnder the Equinoctial also many nacions of the Ethiopians Many haue thought that thearthly Paradyse was sette vnder that lyne which opinion is contrary to thauctoritie of holy scripture which witnesseth the two famous fluddes Tigris and Euphrates to springe oute of Paradise whiche neuerthelesse we know from the North partes to fal into the goulfe called Sinus Persicus but as concerninge the heate vnder the Equinoctial lyne the nearenesse of the sunne or the directe beames of the same are no sufficiente causes why vnder that line should be no habitable regions if we coÌ„sider how those places are otherwyse shadowed tempered with the moystenes and dewes of the nightes which are all the yeare throughe of equal length with the dayes Yet wyl no maÌ„ denye but that vnder the Equinoctial throughoute all the burninge lyne there are manye wildernesses and desolate places lacking water and incommodious for the lyfe of man Albeit euen in Ethiopia people dwell neare to the ryuers and woodes Plinie also sayth that one Dalion and and Aristocleon â— and â—ion and Basilides went Southward beyonde Meroae whiche is almoste vnder the Equinoctial And that Simonides who writte the descripcion of Ethiopia dwelte fyue yeres in Meroae whiche Ilande beeynge in the fyrme lande and compassed aboute wyth the Ryuer of Nilus he affyrmed to bee situate .972 thousande pases beeyonde Syenes of Egypte as the searchers of Nero declared But at Sienes the Astronomers appoynte the sommer conuersion of the sunne and that there the burning lyne beginneth beinge distaunte from the AEquinoctial foure and tweÌ„tie degrees that is twelue thousande furlonges Wherby we maye perceaue that Meroae is situate some what beeyonde the myddest betwene the Equinoctial and Sienes Ptolomeus also descrybeth the Region of Agisimba to bee inhabited beeyonde the Equinoctial Lykewyse the Mountaynes of the Mone called Montes Luna of the which the fennes or marises of the riuer Nilus haue their spring originall He addeth hereunto that there are certayne Ethiopians called Anthropophagi that is such as eate mans fleshe which inhabite regioÌ„s beyond the Equinoctial about the space of .xvi. degrees And thus the inhabitacion of men is found to be extended .x. hundreth thousand pases beyonde the Equinoctial lyne Whiche space conteyneth no lesse then two clymes of the earth And a clyme is a porcion of the worlde betwene South and North wherein is variacion in length of of the daye the space of halfe an houre ¶ Finis ¶ Thus endeth the fyfth boke of Sebastian Munster of the laÌ„des of Asia the greater and of the newe founde landes and Ilandes 1553. ¶ Imprinted at London in Lombarde strete By Edward Sutton ¶ To al aduenturers and suche as take in hande greate enterpryses Who hath hot of sowrenes felte the bitter tast Is not worthy of swetenes to take his repast To cracke the nutte he must take the payne The which would eate the carnell fayne Who that of bees feareth the stinge Shal neuer by hony haue great wonninge As the swete Rose bringeth forth the thorne So is man truely to ioye and payne borne The byrde vpon hope byldeth her neste Where oftentymes she hath but euyll reste Yet is she not therâ—y drieuen â—o such feare But y t she performeth thesame the nexte yeare much castiÌ„g of periles doth noble corage swage Yet do not I commende rashenes or outrage What foles do fable take thou no hedâ— at all For what they know not they cal phaÌ„tastical Nought venter noâ—ght haue is a saying of old Better it is to blow the cole then to syt a cold Forâ—us fortuna adiuuat the Latin prouerbe saith But fayleth to such as faynt and lacke fayth God giueth al thinges but not y e bul by y e horne The plowmaÌ„ by trauaile encreaseth his corne As fortune fauereth y u mayst be riche or poore As Cresus or Irus that beggeth at the dore ¶ Omnis iacta sit alea. nothing new vnder the Sunne 3. Reg. 4 3. Reg. 9 3. Re. 10. 2. Par. â— 1. Par. 3. Tharsis Golde Apes ElephaÌ„tes SalomoÌ„s shippes Ophir Where Gold is engendered ScotlaÌ„d HuÌ„gary 3. Reg. 9 Azion Gaber the Equinoctial line Calicut Tharsis in cilicia Sicilia Ciuile in Spayne Spyces Pepper Orange tree East India SolomoÌ„ boughte golde of marchaÌ„tes the south south east Mat 12 â— Reg. x 2. Par. 9 the quene of Saba the quene of the south 2 par 9 3. Reg. x Saba in Ethiopia vnder Egipt Saba in Arabia the quene of Saba came froÌ„ the Iland of Meroae FroÌ„ Rome to EnglaÌ„d The viage of our men to cathay Norway Lappia Finmarchia Globes mappes Ptolomeus America The strayghtes of Magellanus the Ilandes of Molucca Passage by the north sea into the East Pius secuÌ„dus lib. i. Capit. ii note wel the passage by y e North sea Augustus theÌ„perour Cimbria Caspia the warres of y e Macedonians Plinius Cornelius Nepos Suâ—uia called also Succia nere vnto â—oâ—â—â—and and norway A ship of Indians driueÌ„ froÌ„ the East into the North seas The viage to Cathay Westwarde by north the earth compassed abouâ—
The viâ—ge of magellanus The IlaÌ„des of Moluccâ— ExperieÌ„ce y t teacher of al sciences Sense vnderstaÌ„dinge A sentence of Aristotell ExperieÌ„ce ioined with speculacion A perâ—â—ler proueth no vniuersall what is knowledge and learning Baltassar Castaglionae A false perswasion of y â— freÌ„shmâ— Albertus Magnus â—â—perat regions vnder y e Equinoctial line An error of sâ— Augustine Lactantius antipodes Apâ—anus LactaÌ„tius the rouÌ„dnes of y e earth S. augustyne Apianus The apostles Antipodes the one againste thother The spanyardes the IndiaÌ„s are Antipodes S. augustine of the heresie of manicheus S. augustines boke of retractes Mouâ—taynes let not y e rouÌ„dnes of the earth A galle A SeÌ„tence of S. augustines CoÌ„meÌ„dacioÌ„ of s. augustin Lactantius Of the roundenes of y e earth the earth hangeth in y e aire the fable of Atlas the word of God beareth vppe the worldâ— Iob. 26. The elementes Exo. xv The eleâ—atioÌ„ of â—he pole the largeâ—es of the eartâ— Ilâ—â—des Astrâ—nâ—mers Geometriciaâ—â— Act. xvâ— Psa. 135 The â—â—ther iâ— southweste The citie of Cambaiâ— Calicâ—â— GossipiuÌ„ Bâ—mbage oâ— cottoÌ„ of the treâ—s The â—urkes nauie agaynste the king of Portugale The cytie of Aden The kinge of Aden is hanged The destructioÌ„ of the citie of Aden The turke besiegeth thâ—â—ytiâ— of Dium The turke is repulsed The excellencie of the citie of Cambaia â— Lacha is guÌ„me of a tree is vsed in dying oâ— silke The â—yngdoÌ„ of Ioga The KyngdoÌ„ of â—echaÌ„ The diamonde stone The stone â—iderites The hardneâ— of the diâ—â—ond How the diamâ—Ì„d is made softe The moÌ„tayne of diamantes The citie of Narsinâ—â— The kinge of Narsinga the riche trappiÌ„g of the kingeâ— horse â—pices of Narsiâ—ga The cytie of Caâ—â—nor The vse of â—lephaâ—tâ—â— in the warres The â—â—tie Bisinagar HaukiÌ„â— and huâ—tinge The kinge of bisinagar The Eâ—â—phaÌ„teâ—â—â—wre ElephaÌ„tes vnderstandeth the laÌ„guage of thâ—yr couÌ„trei SeueÌ„ armed meÌ„ vpoÌ„ one ElephaÌ„t The ruler speaketh to the Elephant The ElephaÌ„tes ioynteâ— The bignes and shape of the Elephantâ— the painters erre herein VnderstaÌ„de the handebredth w t the thuÌ„be stretched forth the Elephantes paâ—e The Elephante is vexed w t flyes How the ElephaÌ„t kylleth flyes Enmitie betwene the Elephant Rhinoceros The Rhinoceros ii hornes the fight betwene Rhinocâ—ros the ElephaÌ„t Rhinoceâ—os naturally arâ—ed Rhinoceâ—os sene in Portugale Rhinoceros ouercometh the Elephant Lowe simple houses The â—ing hoâ—oreth â—he deuil The Image of the deuil The bisshop of Romes vicar at Calicut The deuil eateth soules The deâ—illes chaplins Sacrifice to the deuyl the chapleins offer to the deuyl The priestes wait on the kyng Crowes had in estimacioÌ„ The priestes defloure y e quene Priestes Magistrates Artificers â—aâ—ourers The successioÌ„ of the kingdom As are y e priestes such is y e people The priestes kepe y e queâ—e ExchauÌ„ginge of wyues Obedience in â—uyll One woman maried to seueÌ„ meÌ„ The punishmeÌ„t of murther Sinne redemed for money Superstitionâ— Outeward cleÌ„lynes Deuylishe gestures Howe pepper groweth Fruitful grounde without tillagâ— Ginger A roâ—e for a sedâ— Fruytes vnknowen to vs. Aloe Papingiayes of diuers kyndes Sweete siâ—ginge of â—irdes Earthly paradise teÌ„perate ayre CoÌ„tinual spring Munkeys A tree of sundrye commoditâ—esâ— Silke of trees Ropes of trees Wyne of trees Oyle of water SerpeÌ„ts as bigge as swine SerpeÌ„ts without â—oysoâ— SerpeÌ„tâ— counted for heaueÌ„ly spirites grene popingaies Canonor Zaylon Corimucol Meluza Molucha Pego Ormus Cambaia Arabia China Samotoâ— Darnasseri ElephaÌ„tes precious stones Cinomome The Equinoctial lyâ—e weapoÌ„â— of redes Narsinga â—he beast whiche beareth the furre called Sableâ— Fouleâ— of meruelous bignes Beddeâ— of silke Priestes the quene defloured of white menne Adulteri punisshed w t death How the kinge is buried Mâ—â—stre isâ— the queâ—ne dyeth willingâ—ly the herâ— Betola â— What â—redulitie maye doe in false religion Honour dere boughte the king citie of Bangella Silâ—â—â— Chrâ—â—â—iâ— men of Cathay The 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Ruâ—ies shyning by night Lacha Lacca or â—â—acta â— is 〈…〉 tree 〈…〉 â—â—laccha â—â—matra â—aprobaâ—a â—he IlaÌ„d of Taprobana MeÌ„ of a huÌ„dreth â—eres of age Shelleâ— of fisheâ— for houses Great pearlesâ— Coyned golde siluer for moneye Fishes of monstrous bignesse 〈◊〉 Pepper solde by measure Cathay the IlÌ„ad of banda The nutmeg tree Mace the IlaÌ„d of Moâ—och Cloues Charles Waine Pole Antartike Idoloters CaÌ„phire Silke groweth in woodes The â—maragde or emerode Golde copper arrowes of redes arrowes infected with venime A straÌ„ge custome Anthropophagi Spyceâ— Mahumetistes ElephaÌ„tes Iuerie the IlaÌ„d of Cuzibet Camels fleshe eateâ— woddes of redde SaÌ„ders Whales Amber Lions Leopardes Bigge men of low stature Peoplâ— deformed Ryce Dates â—rinke of spices Amber the IlaÌ„d of men the IlaÌ„d of womeÌ„ christiaÌ„s Fishing the great Cham of Tartari Famous cities vnder the greate Cham. manye wyues What naturall affectioÌ„ may doe A straÌ„gâ— custome The people of Cathay Idolotours Money of paper Golde Syluerâ— the cytie of Cambalu MarchaÌ„â—yse precious stones spyces Noâ—e the king of Cathay his court The Quene Golden plate worldly glory A liuing Idol Pauluâ— venetuâ— Drinke of rice spyces Digged cole A greate bridge of marble the kiâ—gdome of Tainfu CoÌ„nyng artificers Ginger Quenquinafu the musâ—e catte Siuet or muske MarchaÌ„dyse â—alte Sylke Cloth of golde Ryce VI. â— bridges of stone the great citie of Quinsai Xij. Mâ— bridges of stone Artificers MarchauÌ„tes Eâ—mmoÌ„ baÌ„ketiâ—ge houses A good prouysioÌ„ againâ—te fyre Flesh of horses eaten A pâ—ouision agaâ—nst rebellion Anthropophagi Hennes hauinge heare in the stede of fethers the way froÌ„ Persia to Cathay the cytie of Lop. The iorney by y e desertes Bitter watersâ— IllusioÌ„s of euyl spirites voices of deuyls StrauÌ„ge noises in the ayre the citie of Sachâ—oÌ„ christiaÌ„s of the heresie of Nestorius Monasteries of Idoloters A straÌ„ge custome Ceremonies in funerals A grosse vayne perswasion the region of Taâ—gut Mahumetistes Stele Salamaâ—dra Paulus Venetus Christophorus ColuÌ„bus Great enterprises haue euer ben counted phaÌ„tasticall the fyrst â—â—age of Christophorus ColuÌ„bus the Ilandes called Gades The IlaÌ„des of â—anaria Iohanna Hispana or Hispaniola gold for earth glasse the king of the Iland Bylding without the vse of Iron Câ—nibales Anthropophagi the fearsenes of the canibales maÌ„s fleshe poudered Roates in y e stede of bread Gold iâ— estimacion Howe golde iâ— gathred SerpeÌ„ts wythout veâ—â—â—â— Popingiayes Spices GuÌ„â—es The Indian toÌ„g ColuÌ„bus at his returne iâ— made Admiral of the Ocean sea The second viage of Columbus Gades The IlaÌ„des of Canaria the IlaÌ„â— of Domâ—nicaâ— Insulae Crucis Lisertes Houses of treesâ— Younge men stalleâ— to be made fatte Fiâ—e coâ—eâ—pe Canibales allured with lyâ—beralâ—teâ— Matinina An IlaÌ„d of womeÌ„ onelye The names of sundrye Ilandes arrowes infected w t venime Archipelogus Buchema Change of ayre is daungerous the king dissembleth w t the Admyrall Golde found in riuers mouÌ„taines the Ilandes of Cuba and Iamiaca A multitude of Ilandes The crueltie of the Christian meÌ„ Crueltie of coueâ—ousnes Bread of rotes The tribute of the barbarians