the God of Sheperds Averruncus who kept Corn from smut Agonius Priapus Proteus Aeolus Momus Hebe Carmenta c. Mali Genii Furiae Parcae 3. Ridiculous things Birds Beasts Fishes Serpents Elements Plants the Devil himself nay St. Hierom saith the Pelusiani worshiped Crepitum Ventris and the Egyptians Priapum or Penem 4. The Vnknown God to whom they built an Altar at Athens lest whilst they gathered so many Gods together they should leave out any Varro computed to the number of 30000 Gods In Scripture are mentioned 1. The Golden Calf i. e. The Egyptians Apis. 2. Teraphim i. e. Talismanical Engines 3. Moloch The Amonites Saturn 4. Baal i. e. The chief Idol viz. of Phoenicia 5. Adramelech and Anamelech of Sepharvaim 6. Ashâ—troth the Sidonians Moon or Queen of Heaven Jer. 7.44 7. Dagon the Philistines Jupiter 8. Succoth Benoth the Babylonians Venus 9. Nergal a Fire which the Persian Magi kept in honour of the Sun continually 10. Rimmon the chief Idol of Damascus 11. Nebo a God of the Chaldeans 12. Amisa Nisroch Nibchaz Thamuz Modern Heathen In China a Three-Headed Idol Some call him Chin-hoan In Guinea and the East-Indies they greet the New-Moon with horrible roarings and strange Gestures of Adoration Also they worship a Bird called Pittoie spotted as with Stars and crying like a Bull. Also the Devil The Chingulaes in Ceilon worship at this day 1. Ossa Polla maupt Dio the Creator of Heaven and Earth 2. Buddou the Saviour of Souls who went to Heaven from Pico Adam a high Mount where they shew the print of his foot 3. Gerehah i. e. the Planets Nine in Number reckoning the Dragon's Head and Tail 4. Devils In the North of Lapland they worship the Sun Moon and Devils and whatsoever they see first at break of day c. In Indolstan the Bramins describe their God with a thousand Hands Eyes and Feet The Hindoes believe God to be Omnipotent that he can cause Rain Thunder c. That he needs not to be prayed to Many Indians a Cow Apis Some Elephants Horses c. The great Prophets of the Hindoes are Peremael and Westnon viz. Bremaw Breman Ram Permiver Of the Chinese Confucius Of the Persees Zortoose Zoroaster In Persia are still Guehers who worship the Fire some call them Gaurs The Bannians use a tripartite Thread hung about their Neck to denote the Trinity Sir Th. Herbert Diabolical The Magicians Witches Conjurers c. worship the Devil professedly who appears to them often in divers Shapes viz. 1. Of a black Man c. 2. A black Dog 3. A Cat. 4. A Rat. 5. A Hedg-hog 6. A black Toad 7. A Fly c. as may be seen in the several stories related by Glanvil c. 8. In shape of a Goat Delrius 9. Sometimes in disguise of an Angel of Light as in the case of Dr. Dee under divers feigned Names as Madisni Vriel Gabriel c. Dr. Dee's Actions with Spirits I love you said one of the Spirits to Dr. d ee now you talk of God ibid. 2. Places of Divine Worship Jewish 1. THeir own Houses Hills and Groves Gen. 22.2 2. A Tabernacle which was 1. Moveable 2. Temporary to signifie the Church Militant 3. A Temple fixt and permanent to signifie the Church Triumphant wherein consider 1. It s Site viz. 1. On Mount Sion 2. On Mount Moriah 3. On Mount Calvary in opposition to the dark Groves of the Heathens 2. Consider its parts First the Atrium or Court 1. Of the Priests where was 1. The brazen Altar 2. Lavers to wash the Priests Sacrifices 2. Of the People or outward Court or Solomon's Porch built about with Porches for rainy Weather This was after Solomon's time divided into 1. The Mens Court Here was an Ascent with steps where the Songs of degrees were sung 2. The Womens Court here was the Corban inscribed with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the initial Letters of Prov. 21.14 or the like 2. The Sanctuary where was 1. The Incense Altar in the middle sprinkled once yearly by the High Priest 2. The Tables with the twelve Leaves and Candlesticks 3. The Holy of Holies wherein consider 1. The Contents 1. The Pot of Manna 2. Aaron's Rod. 3. The Tables of the Testament 2. The Cover the Propitiatory or Mercy-seat overlaid with Gold at each end whereon stood a golden Cherub with Wings stretched out from between which as from an Oracle God gave Answers 4. Synagogues Parish-Churches Here was Praying and Preaching Men apart from Women 480 in Jerusalem Some add Prosâ—uchae Christian 1. Houses upper Rooms Acts 1.13 Acts 2.46 1 Cor. 11.18 20. Sometimes Woods and Forrests and Caves for 200 years or more Vid. Origin contra Cels l. 4. Arnob. l. 3. 2. Temples wherin consider 1. The Form oblong like a Ship Const Apost 2. The Situation Eastward generally Tertul. 3. The Parts 1. Vestibulum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Porch adorned sometimes with Cloisters Cisterns Fountains of Water Marble Pillars for Penitents 2. Narthex the lower part next the great Door 3. Navis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 here stood the Ambo or Pulpit where the Scriptures were Read or Preached Also Pastophoria the Pews 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Chancel separated from the body of the Church by Rails cancelli only for those who were in Holy Orders Only at C. P. the Emperors were permited to enter there to offer and so back again Here were 1. the Altar anciently of wood 2. the Bishop's Chair or Throne at the upper end 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the presbyters seats on each side the Throne 5. Adjoyning to the Chancel on each side were 1. Diaconicon the Sacresty or vestry for vessels and garments 2. Prothesis where preparation was made for the Sacraments and the offerings laid up Note The Abyssins Temples are dark as the Jewish Synagogues for devotion Absis was the upper part of the Quire where penitents by immposition of hands were absolved Note 1. The Temples were at first plain afterwards peace and plenty coming in more cost was bestowed 2. No Images in the Temples for 400 years at least The Council of Illiberis forbad pictures in the Church And Epiphanius finding a picture in the Church of Anablatha rent it and gave it away for a winding sheet 3. The Altar was placed commonly at the East end but at Antioch VVestward say some Others that it was in the midst of the Church divided with rails from the rest called Presbyterium because appointed chiefly for the Priests drawn with curtains at certain times of the Divine service Bishop Jewel out of Chrysost August Euseb Mahometan Mosches or Meldgid called also Dgemii for the most part four square but larger in length then breadth with three Balls and an Half Moon on the Tower The Parts 1. A Portico 2. A Minaret or Tower by the side with a Balcony all round on the Top. 3. The Body very plain with 4 bare walls Only a Niche on the South wall
lately an account of greater Divisions some of them being charged by others with damnable Heresies and Doctrines of Devils c. in a Book intituled The Plea of the Innocent c. I take them for a Branch of the Old Anabaptists which sprung up in Germany upon the Reformation though they made no appearance in England 'till the time of our Civil Wars about the Year 1644. and then were assisted at least by some Priests of the Popish Seminaries in disguise as were also several other Sects which then sprung up amongst us See Du Moulin's Philan. Angl. c. Mahometans 1. Creed The first Chapter of the Alcoran is as it were the Mahometan's Creed and 't is called the Mother of the Book containing the Words of Mahomet for the rest are all deliver'd as the Word of God he being induced as Speaker Which first Chapter is this Sense In the Name of God gracious and merciful Thanks be unto God the Lord of the World merciful pitiful Judge at the Day of Judgment We pray unto thee we trust in thee Lead us into the right way the way of them whom thou hast chosen not of them with whom Thou art angry and of the Infidels Out of the Alcoran may be collected more of their Faith as thus 1. God is One necessary to all incorporeal neither begetting nor begotten the Creator long-suffering searcher of the Heart true that he hath no Son needs nothing 2. That Christ is the Son of Mary the best of Women the Prophet of God begotten by the Spirit of her in the shape of a Man Christ was not slain by the Jews but one like him 3. Their Law is to be propagated by the Sword Of the twelve Months four are to be consecrated to this warfare they that refuse it lose their Souls The Unbelievers taken in War that will not turn must be killed or made Slaves 'T is not lawful to dispute about the Law 4. God made the World and disposed the seven Heavens and afterwards Man like unto himself and breathed into him his own Soul a portion of it That the Angels being commanded to do reverence to Adam Beelzebub refused and was therefore damned 5. There is a Paradise and Hell but of sensual Pleasures and Torments 6. Mahomet is the Seal and last of the Prophets to whom it was lawful to lie with all Women even Aunts and Kindred c. 7. There shall be a Resurrection proved by the story of the 7 Sleepers who slept 360 Years 2. Moral and Judicial Precepts and Prohibitions 1. Prohibitions 1. Abstain from Swines-flesh Blood that which dies alone and that which hath the Neck cut off 2. From Wine and Women more than their own Wives or Women 3. Working on Friday at Prayer-time 4. Games of Chesse Scails and Tables 5. Marrying with Men or Women of another Law 6. Marrying with Mother Daughter Sister Aunt Niece Nurse c. 7. Swearing rashly and For-swearing 8. Usury Lying Injustice c. 2. Precepts Affirmative 1. Pilgrimage to Mecha 2. Belief in GOD and Mahomet 3. Marry and Fight for the encrease of Religion 4. Giving wealth to the Poor Men Slaves Birds Dogs 5. Praying five times a Day 6. Keeping Lent one Month in the Year 7. Obedience to Parents 8. Keeping Friday Sabbath cum multis aliis Mahometan Sects 1. Turks or Arabians 1. THE Turks pretendc that Abouleker was the Successor of Mahomet making his Genealogy thus Mahomet 1 Abouleker 1 Omar 1 Osman 1 Aly. 2. The Turks are called Sunni because they follow also Counsels of Devotion besides the Commands of their Law M. de Thev 3. They call to Prayers from the tops of Towers 4. In Praying the Turks hold their hands one over another upon their Stomach 5. Among the Turks for a Christian to dispute with them is a Crime punishable by Death 6. The Turks make God the Author both of Good and Evil. 7. The Turks say the Law is Eternal 8. The Turks teach that God shall be visible to blessed Souls in his Essence 9. The Turks say Mahomet when he received his Alcoran was carried by the Angel Gabriel Body and Soul into God's presence 10. The Arabians pray five times a day 2. Persians 1. The Persians leave out of Mahomet's Succession the names of Abouleker Omar and Osman affirming them to be Usurpers only and no rightful Successors to Mahomet that Aly lawfully and actually succeeded him making the Genealogy thus Mahomet 1 Aly. which Aly say they succeeded Mahomet both in his Doctrine and Empire and married also Mahomet's Daughter who was also the first of the twelve Imams and whose Interpretation of the Law they embrace as the Truest and whose Sepulchre they visit as the Turks the other three 2. The Persians call themselves Schiai because they think it enough to follow the Precepts of their Law though sometimes they follow some of the Counsels too 3. In Persia they call to Prayers three times a day from Terrases not Towers 4. The Schiai in Praying hold not their hands on their Stomach but laying down a little gray stone which they always carry about them every time they prostrate lay their Foreheads on that stone made of the Earth of Keebela where Hussein the second Son of Aly was killed M. de Thev 5. The Persians will suffer Christians to dispute with them about matters of Religion 6. The Persians make God Author of Good only 7. The Persians say only God is Eternal 8. The Persians say he is visible only in his Effects and Attributes 9. The Persians that he was carried only in Soul 10. The Persians pray but three times a day Morning Noon and Night no not upon Fridays The Persians have translated the Alcoran into the Persian Tongue with an interlineal Translation word for word for Turk and Persian both believe that that Book cannot be explainted in any other Language but Arabick Subordinate Sects Dervises THey go about begging Alms in the name of Aly. They wear two Sheep-skins dried in the Sun the one hanging on their Back the other on their Breast the rest of their Body naked their whole body shaved Head bare Temples burnt with a hot Iron Rings with precious Stones in their Ears and a knotty Club in their Hand They are desperate Assassinates Robbing and Murdering on occasion They eat of an Herb called Asserad or Matslach which makes them Mad cutting and slashing themselves which makes them more reverenced On Friday after their Devotion they drink of Asserad and Sing and Dance about a Fire like mad c. See more in the sequel of this Book Imailer The Imailers or Religious Brothers of Love have for their Habit a long Coat of a Violet colour without Seam girt about with a golden Girdle at which hang silver Cymbals which jingle as they go These with a Book in their Hand of Love-Songs go about Singing and receive Money for their Songs and are always bare-headed wearing long Hair which they curl They are worse than Beasts
services be accursed always without effect or success and blown away like Dust May they have the Curses of the Holy and Righteous Patriarchs Abraham Isaac and Jacob of the 318 Saints who were the Divine Fathers of the Synod of Nice and of all other Holy Synods And being out of the Church of Christ let no man administer unto them the things of the Church or bless them or offer sacrifice for them or give them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the blessed bread or Eat or Drink or Work with them And after Death let no man bury them in penalty of being under the same state of Excommunication For so let them remain until they have performed what is here written Paul Ricaut Esq Abissine A Form of Excommunication among the Abissines And let him be accursed by Addirion and Actariel by Sandalpkon and Hadarmel by Ansiciel and Patchiel by Seraphiel and Zeganzael by Michael and Gabriel and by Raphael and Meschartiel and let him be interdicted by Trantzeviv and Haweheviv He is the great God and by the seventy names of that great King and on the behalf of Tzortak the great Ensign-bearer c. Job Ludolph l. 3. c. 5. They as the Jews think to tertify with uncouth and harsh words Idem Mr. Ross saith that in answer to the Degrees of Excommunication among the Jews the Greeks had their 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Latins had their 1. Abstenti 2. Excommunicati 3. Anathemata N. B. Mr. Ricaut tells us that among the Greeks Excommunication is granted upon light occasions and is either expressive of the party with his name and condition or indenfinite of any person guilty of such crime Yet it is of high esteem and dread among them For they relate as sad and various stories of Judgments befallen the Excommunicated dying so as if they were still nourished in the Coffins and haunted the Countries as we do of witches Apostates are not received into the Church among the Greeks unless they have first sought it earnestly with tears and signifyed their desire by forty days fasting with bread and water and continual prayer night and day Those few Christians that after Apostasy to Turcism return do confess with extream danger of dying for it P. Ricaut Esq Western Christians In England we have several degrees or kinds of Censures as 1. Minor Excommunicatio exclusion from the Lord's Supper 2. Major Excommunicatio exclusion from the Society of Christians not only in spiritual duties but in temporal affairs and this if it continue 40 days is pursued with the King 's writ de excommunicato capiendo and then to prison without bail 3. Anathematismus for obstinate Heresy done by the Bishop Dean and Chapter 4. Interdictum a prohibition of all Divine offices Christian burial sacraments c. 5. Publick Penance the delinquent standing in the Church-Porch with bare head bare feet in a white sheet and a white rod in his hand c. See more in the present state of England part 2d Creeds Modern Jews Art 1. I Believe with a true perfect faith that God is the Creator whose name be blessed Governor and Maker of all Creatures and that he hath wrought all things and shall work for ever Art 2. I believe with a perfect faith that the Creator whose name be blessed is one and that such an unity as is in him can be found in no other and that he alone hath been our God is and for ever shall be Art 3. That the Creator is not Corporeal nor to be comprehended with any bodily properties and that no bodily essence can be likened to him Art 4. That the Creator is the first and last and that nothing was before him and that he shall last for ever Art 5. That the Creator is to be worshipt and none else Art 6. That all the words of the prophets are true Art 7. I believe with a perfect faith that the prophecies of Moses our master may he rest in peace were true that he was the Father and Chief of all the wise men that liv'd before him and shall live after him Art 8. That all the law which at this day is found in our hands was delivered by God himself to our master Moses God's peace be with him Art 9. The same law is never to be chang'd nor any other to be given us of God whose name be Blessed Art 10. That God whose Name be Blessed understands all the Thoughts and Works of Men As it is Written in the Prophets He fashions their Hearts alike he understands all their Works Art 11. That God will recompence good to those that keep his Commandments and will Punish those who transgress them Art 12. That Messiah is yet to come and although he retard his coming yet I will wait for him till he come Art 13. That the Dead shall be restored to Life when it shall seem fit to God the Creator whose Name be Blessed and Memory Celebrated world without end Amen The Creed Dr. Addison presents us with out of Sepher Ikkarim or Book of Fundamentals put in writing by Moses Ben Maimon a Corduba Jew A. D. 1104. And tho not set down in their Service-Book yet they begin their Mattins with it and utter it with a hollow tone different from the other Service Christians I Believe in God the Father Almighty maker of Heaven and Earth And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord Who was Conceived by the Holy Ghost Born of the Virgin Mary Suffered under Pontius Pilate Was Crucified Dead and Buried he Descended into Hell The third day he rose again from the Dead He ascended into Heaven And sits on the Right Hand of God the Father Almighty From thence He shall come to Judg the Quick and the Dead I Believe in the Holy Ghost The Holy Catholick Church The Communion of Saints The Forgiveness of Sins The Resurrection of the Body And the Life Everlasting Amen This is commonly ascribed to the Apostles as the first Compilers but by general Confession and Testimony of Ecclesiastical Writers is very Antient Saving that those words He Descended into Hell are not of so old a Date the first place it being found in being the Church of Aquileia in the Fourth Century Dr. Pearson Gaurs 1. I Believe in God maker of the World 2. That he sent Ebrahim zer-ateucht his Prophet Son of Azer a Carver by Trade and Doghdon who upon the appearance of an Angel overspreading her Face with a Celestial Light Conceived the Prophet aforesaid 3. That the Birth of this Child was known by Astrologers and told to the King Nebrout who thereupon caused all the Women with Child through all his Domininions to be slain 4. That this Child laugh'd so soon as he was Born because he was to Triumph in the Hearts of the People 5. That the Father in fear confessed to the King the King going about to slay the Child with a Sword his
because then the Face is disfigured on the second because then the Body begins to Putrify and on the twentieth because then the Heart Corrupts Some build Huts over the Grave and cover them with Mats because the Priest Morning and Evening for six Weeks Prays over the Grave The D. of Holstein's Embas Travels Lutherans The Lutheran Women Mourn in White Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 169. Tartars When a Sick Person lies dangerously ill they send for a Moullah who comes with the Alcoran which he opens and shuts three times saying certain Prayers and laying it upon the Sick Person 's Face if the Sick Person recover 't is attributed to the Sanctity of the Alcoran and the Moullah is Presented with a Sheep or Goat If he die all his Kindred meet and carry him to the Grave with great Testimonies of Sadness crying continually Alla Alla. When he is Interr'd the Moullah mutters certain Prayers over the Grave and is paid for his Pains according to the Wealth of the Heirs For the Poor he generally spends three days and three nights in that Exercise for the Rich he as usually spends a Month never stirring all the while from the Grave and sometimes seven or Eight M. Tavernier l. 3. c. 13. Circassians and Comanians At their Funerals the near Relations or Friends of the Dead cut their Faces and some other parts of their Bodies with sharp Flints others Prostrate themselves upon the Ground and tear their Hair so that when they return from the Burial they are all of a gore Blood However notwithstanding all this Affliction they never Pray for the Dead Idem l. 3. c. 12. Gaurs When the Gaurs are Sick they send for their Priests to whom they make a kind of Confession whereupon the Priests enjoyn them to give Alms and other good Works to gain Pardon of their Sins They neither Burn nor Bury but carry the Corps without the City to a Wall'd place where are abundance of Stakes about 7 or 8 foot high fixt in the Ground and tie the Dead Corps to one of the Stakes with his Face towards the East The People falling to their Prayers till the Crows come which those Coemeteries draw to them If the Crow fasten on the right Eye they believe the Person to be happy and for joy give large Alms and make a Feast in the Field but if upon the left Eye they return home sad without speaking to one another give no Alms nor Eat nor Drink Idem l. 4. c. 8. When a Man is just breathing his last they put the Mouth of a Dog to the Mouth of the Person Dying and cause him to Bark twice in that posture that the Soul of the Deceased may enter into the Dog who they say will deliver it into the hands of the Angel appointed to receive it When any Dog dies they carry him out of the City and Pray to God for the Carrior Idem Armenians When an Armenian Dies the Mordichou one whose Office it is to wash the Dead fetches from Church a Pot of Holy-water puts in into a great Vessel of Water in which he puts the Corps and washes it then they dress it with a new white shirt breeches wastcoat bonnet put it in a linnen Sack carry it to Church with every one a Taper in their hand there the Priest saith certain prayers sets up lighted Tapers round the Corps and so leaves it all night Next morning the Bishop or Priest saith Mass and then carry the body before the door of the Bishop's house where the Bishop comes forth and saith a prayer for the soul of the deceased then 8 or 10 of the poorer sort carry the body to the Church-yard the Priests Singing Dirges all the way till the body is let down into the grave the Bishop throwing 3 handfuls of Earth into the grave saying from Earth thou camest to Earth thou shalt return and stay there till our Lord comes Their feasts afterwards for Priests and poor are chargeable for 7 days together believing no soul departed can be saved without it Tavernier l. 4. c. 13. If a slave dies the Master writes a note let him not grieve I make him free In Mexico The Pagans buried their dead in gardens or on mountains sometimes they burn'd the body and if he was a great man they killed his chaplain and his officers to attend him and buryed his wealth with him that he might not want in the other world Ross The Priest used to attire himself at these funerals like a Devil with many mouths and glass-eyes and with his staff stir'd and mingled the ashes When the King died the Priests were to Sing his Elogies and to sacrifice 200 persons to serve him Idem Armenians When we were at Breakfast news came that a certain Bishop was dead in his return from the three Churches whither he was sent by the Patriarch to gather certain duties due from the Villages Immediately the Arch-Bishop rising from Table with all his Assistants and having made a prayer for the dead sent a Bishop and six Monks to fetch the Corps who returning a little after midnight the body was presently laid in the Church upon a Carpet spread upon the ground with the face turn'd toward the Altar In the mean time a great number of Wax-Tapers were lighted and all the rest of the night two Monks watch'd by turns to pray for the dead The next morning early the Arch-Bishop the Bishops and all in Religious orders said the Office for the dead which lasted half an hour and at the end of the Mass they brought the Corps to the Altar so that they made the feet of the Corps to touch it Then they took off the linnen cloth that cover'd his head at which time the Arch-Bishop anointed him in six places with holy oyl saying certain prayers every time Then they cover'd him again and said other prayers which lasted half an hour Then they carryed the Corps out of Church with Grosses and Banners and every one a Taper in his hand As the Corps pass'd by one of the Bishops put a paper in his right hand containing these words I came from the Father and I return to the Father Being brought to the grave upon a little mountain near the Covent and set down they said other prayers which lasted a quarter of an hour In the mean time a Bishop going down into the grave took away all the stones and made the place smooth after which the Corps was let down wrapt in a large linnen sheet Then the Bishop according to the Custom raised his head a little higher than his feet turning his face to the East Which done the Arch-Bishop and Assistants took every one a handful of Earth which the Arch-Bishop bless'd and gave it to the Bishop who strewd it over the body Then the Bishop coming out again the grave was filled up M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 4. p. 18. Nestorians Armenians and Jacobites At Bagdat if a Christian dies all the rest
THE HISTORY OF ALL RELIGIONS In the World From the Creation down to this Present Time In Two Parts The First containing their THEORY and the other relating their PRACTICES Each divided into Chapters by the several Heads or Common Places of Divinity Viz. The Object of Religious Worship the Place the Time the Persons Officiating the Manner and the Parts of Worship c. With Various INSTANCES upon Every Head To which is added A Table of HERESIES AS ALSO A Geographical Map Shewing in what Countrey Each Religion is Practised Written in a different Method from anything yet published on this Subject By William Turner M. A. and Vicar of Walberton in Sussex Every man unto his God What meanest thou O sleeper arise call upon the God Jon. I. 5 6. LONDON Printed for Iohn Tunton at the Raven in Jewen-street And are also to be sold by Edm. Richardson in the Upper Court in Scalding-Allay near the Poultrey-Church 1695. TO THE Right Reverend Father in God ROBERT Lord Bishop of Chichester My Lord IT cannot be improper certainly for one of your Clergy to make an Address of this Nature to your Lordship and upon a Religious Theme too If the Office be any one 's 't is yours upon Approbation to vindicate as it lies in your way the honest Essays and Exercises of those which are under your Discipline Permit it to go into the world under your Lordship's Name and leave all the Defects and Imperfections upon the Author's Score 'T is enough to me if the Substance of it be pretty tolerable We are no Angels but a kind of degenerate Spirits dress'd up in Flesh and Blood and acting here a while according to those Organs and Faculties and Advantages we are supplied with in the Service of our Great Creator and Redeemer My Lord Upon a Survey of all Churches in the World I think we of this Church and Nation are as happy as any People under the Sun except only in one thing that we neither Know nor Value our own Happiness A Vertigo and Spirit of Giddiness hath possessed the Nation of late years which makes our Heads turn round upon our Shoulders and our Hearts unquiet and discontented within us We have Excellent both Doctrine and Worship and as good a Class of Bishops and Clergy and as much Learning Piety and Prosperity as any Church within Ken. Notwithstanding would to God a Pencil were drawn once more over those Lines which administer any Occasion of Objection that if possible our Light may shine clearer and our Beauty be more inviting to all Beholders and our Lustre so convictive to our Adversaries that we may have no Occasion of Disputing but the Comfort and Praise of Believing and Living and Loving like Christians May your Lordship go on as you have begun to preside over this Diocess with a Gravity of Admonition Exemplariness of Conversation and Integrity of Discipline till it shall seem good to the Almighty who placed you here to remove you hence either to Heaven or a Better Station upon Earth Which is the hearty Prayer of My Lord Your Obedient Son and Humble Servant W. Turner TO THE READER THat I may satisfy a little the inquisitive humour of the Age we live in I have somewhat to say upon the design of this Book partly for my own Vindication in the Writing of it and partly for the encouragement of others in the reading it 'T is too well known that the Variety which appears in Religion hath contributed no small matter to Scepticism and Atheism and Impiety in the World but by vertue of what Argument I know not for I am confident had men but a full prospect of the Case and would use their Brains to purpose and pause soberly upon the whole Scheme and compare one Religion with another they would find themselves in a short time straitn'd with this Dilemma that they must be Religious or singular in the World they must betake to some Church or other for Sanctuary or turn out of the common Society with Man-kind And to be of no Religion at all is the ready road to the storms of Conscience the reproaches of the World and the indignation of Heaven A perfect Atheist is fit for no place here but Bedlam If they find a necessity of being Religious here 's their choice All the Religions in the World met together at a general Rendezvous let them be examin'd fairly impartially freely and fully we fear no Muster Christianity is Examination-proof And as for the subordinate Sects and Branches 't is divided into neither will that make any terrible Objection the Essence is the same in every part 'T is true Blood runs through all the Veins all the Members of the Man are Human tho some are weaker than others some more distempered than others here a Scab and there an Impostume or Gout or Cramp or Palsy or something to make an apparent difference and distinguish it from the rest If Men had but half as much Skill in Spirituals as they have commonly in telling Money and discerning Coyns or in chusing Cattle and buying Lands the best Religion in the World would not go so long a Begging as it doth But this is not all I am to tell the Reader that I have not Cited all my Authorities that would have been a Task with a witness in such a work as this is for 't is all Collection from the beginning to the end but I was not very incurious in my Reading Some Authors I have been a gross Plagiary to where they served for my purpose particularly Dr. Cave in his Primitive Christianity and Mr. Râ—câ—ut and the Reverend Dr. Addison c. whose writings I have squeez'd into an Epitome and prevail'd with them to speak in my Method and Order tho for the most part in their own words and I hope I shall never be charged with Felony for what I have done The particular uses which the following Tables may serve to are many The Ingenious Reader will start some not contemptible Notions all the way he goes I will suggest none but leave every man to improve his Intellectuals as well as he can And if what I have done may do any good to any one Reader I shall not be more unhappy than some others that have writ before me Read with Candor and excuse my Defects with what Alleviations the Case is capable of and I am sure if thou art not wanting to thy self here are Materials enough to build some excellent Meditations upon Had I had the freedom of access to a good Library and more leisure from my necessary Cares and Business I had done better but 't is such as was consistent with my Orb and no Wise man will expect more I have only one thing more to request before I conclude and that is that as I am my self as Catholick in my both Faith and Charity as Catholicism is Lawful and Commendable so I would to God our Western Christians would take a full
High Creator of all things That the Bishop reads Prayers over the Child in Church before the Baptism and in the River at Baptism while the Godfather plunges the Child three times all over and then to Feasting Papists 1. Doctrines according to the Council of Trent I N. do with a stedfast Faith believe and profess all and every Point contained in the Symbol of the Faith that the Holy Roman Church doth use viz. To believe in God the Father Almighty Maker of Heaven and Earth of all things visible and invisible And in one Lord Jesus Christ the only begotten Son of God and born of the Father before all Worlds God of God Light of Light True God of True God begotten not made of the same Substance with the Father by whom all things were made who for us Men and for our Salvation came down from Heaven was Incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary and was made Man was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate suffered and was buried and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures and ascended up into Heaven sitteth at the right Hand of the Father and he shall come again with Glory to judge both the Quick and the Dead of whose Kingdom there shall be no end and in the Holy Ghost the Lord and Giver of Life who proceedeth from the Father and the Son who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified who spake by the Prophets and one Holy Catholick and Apostolick Church I confess one Baptism for the Remission of Sins and I expect the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to come Amen I do most stedfastly admit and embrace the Traditions of the Apostles and of the Church and all other Observances and Constitutions of the same Church I do likewise admit the Holy Scripture according to that Sense which our Holy Mother the Catholick Church hath holden and doth hold unto whom it doth appertain to judge of the True Sense and Interpretation of the Holy Scriptures neither will I ever understand nor interpret the same otherwise than according to the uniform consent of the Fathers I do also profess that there be truly and properly Seven Sacraments of the New Law and necessary for the Salvation of Mankind although they be not necessary for all Men viz. Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Pennance Extream Unction Orders and Matrimony and that these Sacraments do give Grace and that of them Baptism Confirmation and Orders cannot be reiterated without Sacrilege I do also receive and admit all the received and approved Ceremonies of the Catholick Church in the Solemn Administration of all the aforesaid Sacraments I do embrace and receive all and every of those things which in the Holy Council of Trent have been defined and declared touching Original Sin and Justification I do profess also that in the Mass is offered unto God a true proper and propitiatory Sacrifice for the Quick and Dead and that in the most Holy Sacrifice of the Altar there is truly really and substantially the Body and Blood together with the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ and that there is made a Conversion of the whole Substance of Wine into the Blood which Conversion the Catholick Church doth call Transubstantiation I do also confess that under either kind only is received Christ whole intire and the True Sacrament I do constantly hold that there it Purgatory and that the Souls which be there detained are holpen by the Prayers of the Faithful Also that the Saints who reign together with Christ are to be worshipped and called upon and that they offer up Prayers to God for us and that their Relicks are to be worshipped I do most stedfastly affirm that the Images of Christ of the Mother of God always Virgin and of other Saints are to be had and received and that due Honour and Reverence is to be given to them I do affirm that the Authority of Indulgencies was left by Christ in the Church and that the use of them is very behooveful to Christian People I do acknowledge the Holy Catholick and Apostolick Roman Church to be the Mother and Mistress of all Churches and do promise and swear true Obedience to the Bishop of Rome who is the Successor of St. Peter Prince of the Apostles and the Vicar of Jesus Christ All other things defined and declared by the Holy Canons and Oecumenical Councils and chiefly by the Holy Council of Trent I do undoubtedly receive and profess And also all contrary things and whatsoever Heresies condemned rejected and accursed by the Church I likewise do condemn reject and accurse This True Catholick Faith without which no Man can be Saved which now I do willingly profess and hold I the same I. N. do Promise Vow and Swear to hold and confess most constantly by God's help intire and uncorrupted even to the last end of my Life and to procure as much as shall lye in me that my Subjects or those of whom I shall have care in my Office shall accordingly teach and preach the same So God help me and these Holy Gospels of God Dr. James Library-keeper of Oxford out of Lewis de Grenado 's Sp. Doctrine 2. Vsages and Ceremonies and Traditions 1. In publick Prayers they use the Latine-Tongue 2. In the Commandments they make the First and Second One and divide the Tenth into Two 3. They distinguish Sins into 1. Mortal by which only they say the Commandments are broken which are 1. Pride 2. Covetousness 3. Leachery 4. Anger 5. Gluttony 6. Envy 7. Sloth 2. Venial Not contrary to the end of the Commandments i. e. to Charity e. g. an idle Word an officious or jesting Lie stealing of a Pin or Apple c. not killing but disposing to mortal Sin 4. They say 't is possible necessary and easie by the assistance of God's Grace to keep all the Commandments 5. That mortal sin is remitted by 1. Hearty Penance 2. Contrition 6. That venial sin is remitted by 1. All the Sacraments 2. Holy-water 3. Devout Prayer c. 7. The punishment Of mortal sin is Hell for ever 7. The punishment Of venial sin is Purgatory 8. That there are six Sins against the Holy Ghost 1. Despair of Salvation 2. Presumption of God's Mercy 3. Impugning the known Truth 4. Envy at others known good 5. Obstinacy in Sin 6. Final Impenitence 9. That there are four crying Sins 1. Wilful Murder 2. The Sin of Sodom 3. Oppression of the Poor 4. Defrauding VVork-men of their VVages 10. There be three principal Counsels of Christ to his Church 1. Voluntary Poverty 2. Perpetual Chastity 3. Obedience to another's will in all that is not Sin 11. There be six Commandments of the Church principally 1. To hear Mass on all Sundays and Holy-Days if opportunity serve 2. To Fast 1. Lent 2. Vigils commanded 3. Ember-Days and Fridays by custom of England 4. To abstain from Flesh on Saturdays 3. To confess
Catholick Church c. 2. A silent Prayer as in the Morning 3. A Sermon 4. A Form consisting of a Collect the Lord's Prayer and another longer Form with Pray constantly c. and depart in peace as before Besides these Services which are all for Sundays they have also Forms of Prayer for every Day of the Week Morning and Evening and Sermons every Day On Saturdays in the Evening as well as Sundays at Noon they examine the Catechism and have a peculiar Form of Prayer for that purpose so likewise for the Fasts and Festivals appointed as the Day after our Saviour's Nativity New-year-day Easter-Monday Ascension-day Pentecost the Day of Church-Dedication and extraordinary occasions as War Victory Plague Murrain c. Their Baptism is thus 1. The Minister begins with saying In the name of God Amen If ye the God-fathers and God-mothers desire that this Child be baptized in the Baptism of our Lord Jesus Christ say Yea. 2. Then after an Exhortation he proceeds to pray for a Blessing upon the Child in a pretty long Form 3. He reads the Gospel Mark 10. concluding thus Praise be unto God he forgives us all our sins through his Son Amen 4. After a short Speech to the Sureties he rehearseth the Creed and calls upon the Sureties to pray for such a Faith for that Child saying Our Father which art in Heaven c. 5. He asks the Sureties If they will according to their utmost power and as necessity may require be instrumental to and assist in the Education of the Child c. The Sureties answering Yea. 6. The Sureties name the Child the God-mother holding the Child over the Font whilest the Minister pours three handfuls of Water upon his Fore-head saying N. N. I baptize thee in the Name of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Amen 7. The Minister blesses the Child in these words God grant unto thee that as thou art now besprinkled with clean Water thou mayest likewise appear before God in the last day with a pure and undefiled Conscience and so to be eternally saved N. B. Baptism is never administred privately but at time of Publick-Service the first opportunity after the Birth The God-father in the Church presents a piece of Gold or Silver to the Nurse and if a Female-Child to the God-mother also if a Male the God-mother to the God-father Every year they send New-years-gifts to their God-children which some continue to do 'till they are of Age for the Lord's Supper and some 'till Marriage On their Birth-day yearly they use to feast their God-children and give them grave advice None are to be Christen'd without Sureties Their Administration of the Lord's Supper thus 1. The Minister useth a grave Exhortation concerning the intention of the Sacrament 2. The People confess their Sins and pray for pardon as after the Sermon 3. The Antistes behind the Table with an Arch-Deacon on either hand if there be so many saith with a loud Voice In the name of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Arch-Deacon answering Amen Antistes Let us pray O Almighty c. Arch-Deacon That which is now read is contained in 1 Cor. 11.20 21 c. Antistes Praise be unto God Arch-Deacon on the right hand And Peace on Earth Antistes Good-will towards Men. First Arch-Deacon We praise thee we magnifie thee Second Arch-Deacon We worship thee we honour thee Antistes We render thanks for thy great honour and benefits O Lord God Heavenly King Father Almighty First Arch-Deacon O Lord thou only begotten Son Jesus Christ and thou O Holy Ghost Second Arch-Deacon O Lord God Lamb of God Son of the Father thou that takest away the Sins of the World c. and so on with an alternate voice to the end of that Hymn 4. The First Arch-Deacon reads part of the sixth Chapter of S. John's Gospel Thus speaketh the Lord Jesus Verily verily I say unto you He that believes in me hath everlasting life I am the bread of life c. Concluding with Praises and thanks be unto God He forgives us all our sins according to his holy word Amen which is said by the Antistes 5. The Antistes and the Arch-Deacons alternately rehearse the Creed as they did the Hymn before 6. Then follows an Exhortation to the Examining themselves ending thus Wherefore kneel down and pray 7. Then the Ministers kneeling about the Lord's Table and the People either standing or kneeling say the Lord's Prayer 8. The First Arch-Deacon saith Lift up your hearts unto God and say with Devotion O Lord Almighty God c. 9. The Antistes afterwards saith Hear now with Devotion and Faith how Christ Jesus did celebrate his holy Supper c. Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took Bread c. Here the Antistes takes the Bread breaks it eats a Morsel and gives the rest to the first Arch-Deacon who reaches the same to the other Ministers about the Table Afterwards when he comes to those Words He took also the Cup he takes a Cup and having drank of it gives to the first Arch-Deacon as he did the Bread and he to the Ministers and they to the People a Reader from the Pulpit in the interim reading the Lord's Speech concerning the Supper beginning at S. John 13.1 10. Then the Antistes and Arch-Deacons alternately say Antistes Rise up and let us render Praise and Thanks unto the Lord. First Arch-Deacon I will praise thee O my God c. This Hymn consists of 14 or 15 Responses 11. They read alternately the 113 Psalm which was wont to be read at the Passeover 12. Lastly follows an Exhortation with a Consolation and Benediction and a short Collect concluding thus For God's sake remember the Poor always in your Alms pray constantly one for another And after the Christian Hymn be ended which concludes the Solemnity Depart in peace and the Grace of God be with you Note 1. Their Bread is unleavened made in a broad square Cake thin almost as Paper white as Snow by the chief Sexton only of their great Minster Church 2. They use wooden Cups in Imitation of the Primitive Simplicity 3. They receive in their Seats the common People sitting or standing Their Discipline 1. The Ministers are obliged to call such as they know to have committed Notorious Crimes or to be inflamed with Hatred and Passion some Weeks before the Administration of the Sacrament into their Closets or before the Church-wardens according to their Discretion to admonish and warn them and declare to them that if they do not repent c. the Sacrament will prove to them not an Earnest of God's Favour but of his Just Wrath and their Damnation c. 2. Those that will not be reconciled to their Enemies shall not be admitted to the Sacrament 3. Yet Excommunication is never formally practised in the Church of Zurick but instead thereof the Ministers are commanded by the Higher Power and by the Synod to
not what thou wouldst do with me for with thee is Wisdom I was delighted with this alone in that Exhortation that he did mightily excite me with that Discourse and inflame me that I should love seek after and attain and hold fast and embrace not this or that Sect but Wisdom it self whatever it was And I did burn and this only cooled me in so great a heat that the Name of Christ was not there For this Name through thy Mercy O Lord I had suck'd into my tender Heart with my Mother's Milk and whatsoever was without this Name tho Learned and Polite and True did not wholly Ravish me August l. 3. Conf. c. 4. Felix Africanus Bishop and his Associates chose rather to give up their own Lives in the Dioclesian Persecution that the Copies of the New Testament Origen when a Child was very inquisitive into the hidden meaning of the Scriptures and even tired his Father with asking questions and afterwards never went to Meals never to Sleep without some part of the Scripture read Dr. Cave John an Egyptian Confessor whom Eusebius saw and heard tho his Eyes were out and his Body mangled would repeat any passages out of the Old and New Testament whom I supposed saith he to be reading in a Book till coming near I was struck with great Admiration Idem Theodosius the younger could exactly repeat the Holy Scripture in any part Idem Nazianzen ptofesseth he had willingly renounced all other things for the sake of this Book Idem Gildas hath scarce one Paragraph in his Epistles unstored with Texts of Scripture T. Jones K. Alphonsus read over the Bible 14 times with Commentaries such as his Age afforded Mr Bradford never went to bed without his Book Fox Martyrol Heathens The more I study the Nature of God and inquire what he is the less I find The Saying of Simonides to Hiero of Syracuse Know that it is the greatest Point of Religion about the Immortal Gods to have right Opinions of them that you may know that they are and that they govern all things well and righteously and that we ought to obey them and acquiesce in all things that they do c. Epict. c. 38. Muscovites There are a great number of Monasteries both for men and women in Muscovy of S. Basil's order but they have this common with all the Muscovites that they can hardly write and read Not one in ten can say the Lord's Prayer much fewer the Creed and Commandments D. of Holstein's Emb. Travels p. 105. Persians The Audience being over The King of Persia again sent for Lalin Mariage and Father Raphael and after a short discourse having dismissed all but F. Raphael he fell into a Dispute with him touching the Unity of the Divine Nature the necessity of one Prophet and how Mahomet was the Seal and Crown of all the Prophets He seemed to admire that the Franks who had the reputation of being People of Wit and Discretion could think that Jesus Christ was a God Tavernier's Collection of several Relations c. p. 28. Papists The Venetians are generally ignorant of the matters of Religion to a scandal and they are as unconcerned in them as strangers to them Dr. Burnet's Letters The great Libertinage that is so undecently practised by most sorts of People at Venice extends it self to the Clergy to such a degree that tho Ignorance and Vice seem the only indelible Characters that they carry generally over all Italy yet those appear here in a more conspicuous manner than elsewhere Idem One of the chief Ornaments of Venice was the famous Young Woman that spoke five tongues well of which the Latin and Greek were two she passed Dr. of Physick at Padua was a person of such extraordinary Vertue and Piety that she is spoken of as a Saint she was of the Noble Family of the Cornaro's Idem 2. Love to God Christian ¶ From Syria even to Rome I fight with Beasts by Land by Sea Night and Day bound with 10 Leopards a guard of Souldiers would to God I might enjoy the Beasts prepar'd for me who I wish may make quick dispatch with me whom I will allure to devour me speedily and if they will not I will even force them Pardon me I know what is best for me Now I begin to be a Disciple of Christ Let Fire Cross and Troops of violent Beasts and all the torments of the Devil come on me that I may enjoy Christ Ignatius in his Journey to Rome My Love is crucified The saying of Ignat. Two Loves make two Cities the Love of God makes Jerusalem the love of the World makes Babylon Let every on ask himself what he Loves and he will find of what place he is a Citizen Aug. on Psalm 64. He loves thee less O Lord who loves any thing with thee which he doth not love for thee Idem in Conf. l. He that Loves not doth not labour for all labour is difficult to them who do not love Only Love is ashamed of the name of Difficulty Ibid. The Love of God is never idle Operatur enim magna Greg. in Ho. Our Soul is not more present where it lives than where it loves Vbi animat quà m ubi amat unless you suppoe it to be more there where 't is bound by necessity than were it is carried freely Bern. de Praecep Love of God Prior Deus dilexit nos Tantus tantum gratis tantillos tales Bern. If you would be presently cleansed from Vices enkindle in your self the Fire of Divine Love if you have perfectly tasted the sweetness of the Divine Love you will not care for temporal sweetness Rabanus in quod Serm. Wretched I how much ought I to love my God who made me when I was not Redeemed me when I was miserable For I was not and he made me of nothing not a Stone not a Tree not a Brute but he would have me to be a Man he gave me Life Sense Discretion brought me out of Exile Redeemed me out of Bondage called me by his Name that his Memorial might be always with me he anointed me with the Oil of Gladness with which himself was anointed that I might be anointed from the Anointed and called a Christian from Christ August de Sp. An. I have loved thee O lord not with a doubtful but certain Conscience Thou hast smitten my Heart with thy Word and I have loved Thee The Heavens and the Earth and all things therein cry unto me that I should love thee Neither do they cease to speak unto All Men that they may be inexcusable Idem in l. Conf. If Souls please thee let them be loved in God for they also are Mutable but fixed in Him they are established otherwise they would go and perish therefore let them be loved in Him and draw them with thy self to Him as many as thou canst and say to them Let us love Him let us love Him He made these things and He is
Musick and this three times I have often been stunned with this at Rusetto In their Processions you always see some of these Fools foaming at the Mouth and with Eyes shut pronouncing the word Hou having a man on each side to support them from falling and they who can keep longest in that ecstasy are the greatest Saints M. de Theven Americans The Americans used to sing the Devil's Praises to dance about Fires which they made in honour of him Rosse In Virginia they Worshiped with Praying Singing and Offerings and Dancing about Fires with Howling and Rattles beating the ground with Stones Offering of Tobacco Deer-suet and Blood on the Altars Idem French Protestants Dutch c. I have observed before that the Protestants of France the Germans and they of Zurick and Switzerland are noted for their pleasant singing of Psalms which is to be imputed generally to the care taken in setting them to School to Learn singing by Notes as well as Reading and methinks their example might provoke us to emulation herein The time and mony would be better spent by Parents and Children than in some of those little Fancies which our Gentry account Breeding It would look more like a Masculine and Christian Prudence to consecrate our joy and Musick to the purposes of Religion the Beauty of Holiness and the Honour of our Maker and Redeemer than to spend as we commonly do all our stock of Art and Mirth upon sensual Amours and Entertainments And to make this exercise more smooth and melodious let every one learn to read and carry his book with him to Church and let the Psalms be notified as in the Palatinate on the Church-door before-hand or else the Congregation accustomed to a certain small number of Psalms which the people may as easily get without Book as the Maids and Children do Ballads and Penny-Songs And tho I have often pleaded for the Lawfulness and even usefulness of Organs yet methinks since they suppose a weakness and want of help for that Devotion and Vocal is commonly preferred before Instrumental Musick I could wish our Vocal might be so sweet and excellent if possible as to shame all Organs out of Churches Abassines I had almost forgot to have mentioned the Abassines here who as I have said before have in their Festival Solemnities their Singing Priests Cymbals Morrice-bells Kettle-drums Singing and Dancing and Skipping as if they would make the Floor ring again and clapping Hands to the God of Jacob. See the Greeks Feasting Fear of God alone Jews THE Old Testament gives us several Examples of the Jewish Zeal in this respect which I shall not trouble my self to enumerate in this place So doth the Apocrypha especially the story of the seven Sons Josephus also seems to bid pretty fair for a consideration under this head I mean him whom Vespasian carryed along with him Captive from Palestine and who is the author of the History of the Jewish wars But as for the Modern Jews I have little to say to their own master they stand or fall Christians Cyprian commends Cornelius for taking the Bishoprick of Rome upon him when Decius the Emperour had threaten'd heavy severities to the Christian Ministers and would sooner endure a Corrival in the Empire than a Bishop at Rome Maris Bishop of Chalcedon to Julian the Apostate upbraiding him with his blindness I thank God saith he who hath taken away my sight that I might not behold such a wretch as thou art Vettius Epagathus desiring leave to plead the Christians cause seeing them dragg'd before the Judgment seat was thereupon seized himself by the president Dr. Cave Poland In Poland the Gentlemen and Nobility when the Gospel is read in the Churches draw their swords in token that they are ready to defend it with their lives S. Clark Muscovites One Juan Neronou a Protopope of Casauskey not long since began to inveigh against the honour done to Images charging those who did worship colours and wood with Idolatry But the Patriarch soon degraded him and shut him up in a Monastery upon the river Wolga D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. They tell of one Sudatworets Philip Metropolite who lived in the reign of the Tyrant John Basilouits and grew famous for the remonstrances he made to that Prince of his wicked life the Tyrant troubled thereat sent him into a Monastery from Moscou but from thence he made his pen do what his tongue could not and from time to time represented the Judgments of God to the eyes of the Great Duke so pressingly that the other not able to endure any longer sent one of his servants to strangle him the Executioner found him ready enough to dye with this desire only that instead of strangling with a Cord he would run him with a knife into the heart which he accordingly did The Monks of the Monastery put him into the Catalogue of Holy Martyrs Idem Heavenly-Mindedness Jews NEither can I here give the Modern Jews any Panegyrick their garments seem rather to smell of the field and their devotions appear too gross and scandalous and their lives spotted with covetousness and as to the ancient Jews the history of them is so full and authentick in sacred scripture that to repeat it over here were but Actum agere Only this I must needs confess by their hundred benedictions which they are to rehearse every day as for the Crowing of the Cock the appearance of the morning the putting on their Clothes washing themselves eating drinking for every particular dish brought to table c. they seem to aim at a perpetual and constant Tenor of Devotion and if it be more than washing the outside of the platter 't is well but this is certain their hopes creep upon the Ground and to this day they expect a Messiah that shall restore the Terrene Kingdom to Israel Christian Nazianzen saith his sister Gorgonia did not more seem to be good then really strive to be so that she left nothing to the Prince of this World but transferr'd all into the safe Treasuries above leaving nothing to the Earth but her body changing all for the hopes of a better life bequeathing no other Riches to her children but an excellent Pattern in laud. Gorg. Orat. 11. Domitian the Emperor enquiring and upon search finding out the Nephews of Judas the brother of our Lord of the Race and Posterity which he desired to extirpate ask'd what possessions they had They told him they had between them 39 Acres of Land to the value of about 9000 Pence out of which they paid him Tribute and maintain'd themselves with their own hard labour shewing him their hard and callous hands Then asking further of Christ and his Kingdom They answered his Empire was not of this World but Heavenly and Angelical to take place at the end of the world when he should come with Glory to Judg both Quick and Dead c. Whereupon the Emperor despising them on account of their meanness let
Shirt hangs a Cross about his Neck to be kept 'till Death D. of Holst Emb. Trav. Modern Heathens The Baptism of the Persees in East-India is thus So soon as one is born the Daroo is called upon who delays not but being instructed in the precise time of his Nativity calculates his Fortune the Daroo gives the Name the Mother assenting to it This done they haste together to the Eggaree where the Priest puts a little Water into the Bark of a Tree the Name of which is Holme the place it grows in Yezd not far from Spahawn a Tree that Zertoost blessed a Tree which they say yields no shadow The Water out of this hallowed Rind being pured upon the Infant a Prayer is then made that it may be cleansed from all impurity At 7 years of Age the Child is Confirmed by the Daroo and taught to say his Prayers over the Fire but with his Mouth and Nostrils cover'd lest his sinful Breath offend the Deity after which he drinks a little cold Water chaws a Pomegranate-Leaf washes in a Tank cloaths his Body with a fine Shuddero reaching to his Waste ties a Zone of Cushee about his Loins woven with Inkle of the Herboods making which he wears ever after and after a short Prayer that he may never prove an Apostate but continue a Fire-Worshipper that he may eat no Man's Meat nor drink any Man's Drink but his own he is ever after reputed a Believer Sir Tho. Herb. Trav. into Persia Concerning the Bannyans see in the First Book Ch. Sacram. Amboyna In Amboyna though Worshippers of the Devil they Circumcise at Twelve or Thirteen Years of Age c. Mandelslo Sachion In Sachion the Tartars dedicate their Children to their Idols and on Festival-Days Sacrifice Rams for their Childrens Preservation Rosse Guinea In Guinea the Priests besprinkle their Infants after Sermon with Water wherein a Newt doth swim Rosse Loango In Loango Circumcision is used Idem And in Madagascar also and Jucatan Armenians The Armenians thus Consecrate and Administer the Sacrament 1. They set the Consecrated Bread on the Altar 2. The Arch-Bishop reads the Mass for the Ceremony 3. At reading the Gospel they light abundance of Wax-tapers 4. After the Gospel several of the Noviciates take Sticks in their hands about 5 Foot long at the end whereof are Latten Plates with little Bells hanging about them which when they are shaked sound like Cymbals 5. Other Noviciates hold a Copper Plate in their hands hung about with Bells which they strike one against another and at the same time the Ecclesiasticks and Laity sing together indifferent harmoniously 6. All this while the Arch-bishop hath two Bishops on each side of him who are in the room of a Dean and a Sub-dean 7. By and by he goes and unlocks a Window in the Wall on the Gospel side and takes out the Chalice where the Wine is 8. Then with all his Musick he takes a turn about the Altar on which he at length sets down the Chalice saying certain Prayers 9. With the Chalice in his hand and the Bread upon the Chalice he turns towards the People who presently Prostrate themselves upon the ground beat their Breasts and kiss the Earth while the Arch-bishop pronounces This is the Lord who gave his Body and Blood for you 10. Then he turns towards the Altar and eats the Bread dipt in the Wine For they never drink the Wine 11. He turns towards the People with the Bread and Chalice in his hand and they that will receive come one after another to the bottom of the Choir to whom he gives the Bread dipt as before The bread is without Leaven flat and round about as thick as a Crown and as big as the Host of the Mass being Consecrated the day before by the Priest whose Office it is M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 9. They never put Water in their Wine When they come to the Communion the Arch-bishop or Priest says these words I confess and believe that this is the Body and Blood of the Son of God who takes away the sins of the World who is not only ours but the Salvation of all mankind He repeats these words three times the people saying after him word for word ibid. They give the Communion to Children of two or three Months old which the Mothers bring in their Arms tho many times the Children put it out of their Mouths again ibid. They never administer in Lent for then they never say Mass but on Sunday noon which they call Low Mass at which time they never see the Priest who hath a Curtain drawn before the Altar and only reads the Gospel and Creed aloud The Armenians Baptize infants on Sunday except in danger of Life the Midwife carrying the Infant to Church where the Bishop or Priest plunges it naked in the water and returns it to the Godfather going on with his Prayers and twists a double string one of white Cotton another of red silk signifying the Blood and Water which flowed from the Body of Christ about the Child's neck then he anoints the Child and crosseth it in the several places where the Oyl dropped saying I Baptize thee in the Name of Father Son and Holy Ghost The Forehead Chin Stomach Arm-holes Hands and Feet are anointed The Patriarch makes this Oyl every year on the Eve of our Lady in September after a small Lent of eight days of several fragrant Flowers and Aromatical Drugs but the principal is called Balassau-Jague or flower of paradise When 't is made two bottles are sent to all the Convents of Asia Europe and Africa When the Ceremony of baptism is over the Godfather returns home with the Infant in his arms and a Taper of white wax in each hand attended with trumpets drums haut-boys which go before to the parents house where the Godfather delivers the child to the mother she prostrating her self before the Godfather and kissing his feet he her head the minister names the child according to the Name of the Saint of that day in their Almanack Afterwards they Feast The poorer sort carry the Child to Church on the Week-days without any Ceremony with Tears in their Eyes pretending it to be sickly and like to die and so make no Feasts at all If Women lye in 15 or 20 days before Christmas they often defer till the Festival then in all the Cities and Villages where the Armenians live if there be any river or pond they spread 2 or 3 Flat-bottom'd Boats with carpets to walk upon and in one of them set up an Altar and in the Morning by Sun-rising all the Armenian Clergy of that Town or City and Parts adjoyning get into the Boats in their Habits with the Cross and Banner dip the Cross in the Water 3 times and every time drop the Holy Oyl upon it then plunge the Infant and anoint him 3 times saying I Baptize c. The King of Persia is many times present at the Ceremony when
our Saviour's and the Apostles times 48 years after the Destruction of Jerualem they made the City Bethoron to be their chief City and rebelled by the Perswasion of Ben-chocab Son of the Star Numb 23. 200000 in number but received such a Slaughter as themselves tell the Story that the Blood reached to the Horses Mouths c. In the time of Trajan they rebelled again in Egypt and Cyrene under Luke their Captain and many thousands of them were destroyed Dion saith 220000. Afterwards under a Pseudo-Moses in Arabia rebelling again they were again destroyed Purchas Alsted c. Christians The Christians obey the Laws that are made and by the Exactness of their Lives go beyond that Accuracy which the Law requires of them Just Mart. Ep. ad Diogn Are there any more devoted to you than we who Pray for the Happiness of your Government that according to Right and Equity the Son may succeed his Father in the Empire c. Athenag leg pro Christian Tertullian saith Though they refused to pay the Taxes rated upon them for Maintenance of the Heathen Temples yet for all other Tributes they obeyed Dr. Cave Prim. Christ. Muscovites No People in the World have a greater Veneration for their Prince than the Muscovites who from their Infancy are taught to speak of the Czar as of God himself witness their submissive Forms of Speaking the Honour to see the Brightness of the Eyes of his Czarick Majesty only God and the Czar knows it All they have belongs to God and the Czar D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. Inhamban The King of Inhamban is much reverenced by his Subject by whom he is served upon the Knee and when he Coughs or Drinks all those that are about him make such a Shout that the Town rings of it In one particular they differ from most Nations else which is That such as are admitted into his Presence are bound to sit down it being the greatest Favour to stand Dr. Heylin Japanners In Japan if any Prince or Great Lord makes a Feast for his Friends at the end of the Feast he calls his principal Officers and asks them if there be any that hath so much Love for him as to kill himself before the Guests for his sake Presently there arises a Dispute among them who shall have the Honour and whoever the Prince is pleased to name rips up his Belly with a Crik which is a kind of Dagger the point whereof is poysoned Tavernier's Relation of Japon The Mogul's Subjects if sent unto any place of Employment shave not their Heads nor cut their Hair till they return to shew their Discontent while out of his sight When the Mogul sends his commands by Papers to any of his Governours they well accompanied go out to meet the Messenger as soon as they see the Letters they alight from their Horses fall down on the Earth and take them from the Messenger and lay them on their Heads and carry them to the place of publick Assembly to be read They that are near the Mogul attend constantly to see him when he exposes himself for that purpose in a Balcony as usually he doth three times a day When they see him they cry out Live O Great King or O Great King Health and Life And his Subjects will do any thing he bids them as for a Father to kill the Son c. The meaner sort to their Superiors use these abject and lowly ceremonies of Reverence by putting their right Hand to the Earth The Turks are Loyal to the Prince whom they highly reverence and blindly obey M. de Thev They are not seen to betray their Prince nor turn to the side of the Christians They give good Precepts of Subjection and Loyalty for instance That it is never lawful to kill their Prince nay nor to speak ill under pretence that he is a Tyrant F. Simon The Bannyans in East-India are content to submit rather than govern and wish all People were of their Mind Sir Tho. Herb. The Chinese Honour their Mandarins Reverence their Chiams little less than adore their King Idem No Subject hath recourse save by Petition Idem Scholars and Merchants are more honoured than Men of War No People in the World more honour their King than they for they suppose him too Glorious to look upon they obey his Will in every thing fill his Exchequer yearly with above 1000000 Crowns call him Lord of the whole World Son of the Sun Beauty of the whole Earth Nor do any express more filial Respect to Parents than they Marry not without their Consent c. Idem Good Parents Jews RAbbi Jose a Wise Man and Mechanick viz. a Skinner had eight Sons to all which the Jews attribute the Praise of Wisdom Hottinger A great reason of the Jews unshaken Adherence to their Faith is That they are timely and deeply grounded They make use of that Rule of Solomon frequently Catechise a Child in the way he should go c. The Parents strictly forbid their Children all Conversation with Mahometan Children suffer them not to use the Name of God till seven years of Age teach them to read by casting two or three Letters on a smooth Stone or Board at first to write by giving them a Draught of very large Letters on a fair Paper with a thin Paper The Mothers Break-fast their Children with somewhat Sugar'd or HOney'd saying As this is sweet to thy Palate so let Learning be to thy Mind bidding the Child use no filthy words at School because God loves clean Lips not spend his time idly c. Dr. Addison of the Jews in Barbary Christians Luther was very lovingly affected toward his Children and gave them liberal Education he kept in his House a School-master to train them up in good Arts and a Godly Life When he saw Magdalen his Daughter ready to die he read to her Isaiah 26.19 concluding thus My Daughter enter thou into thy Chamber with Peace until the Indignation be over-past I shall e're long be with thee for God will not permit me to see the Punishments hanging over the head of Germany and upon this wept plentifully but in publick attended the Hearse without a Tear Fuller's Lives In Holland at Amsterdam the Parents that are able and rich enough contrive it so that when their Sons are Extravagant and Masterless the Officers seize upon them and carry them into the Tuchthuis where they are not forced to any hard Labour but kept in till they see sufficient signs of their Amendment Dr. Edw. Brown's Travels Mr. Julines Herring's Wife having thirteen Children caused them to learn the Proverbs of Solomon by heart and ever before the Father corrected them he endeavoured to convince them of their Sin against God and sought by Tears and Prayers for God's Blessing upon that means for their good Clark's Lives It is a surprizing thing to see so much Learning as one finds in Geneva not only among those whose Profession obliges them to
too that his Humility consisted not in his Dress but in the Constancy of his Mind not in the hanging down of his Head or the Softness of his Tone or the Demureness of his Look or the Gravity of his Beard or the Shaving of his Head but in the Frame and Temper of his Soul being as Humble in his Mind as he was Sublime and Excellent in his Life And when no Man could arrive at the Perfection of his Vertues yet every one was admitted to a Freedom of Converse with him Both in his Garb and Diet he equally avoided Pomp and Sordidness and though a great Restrainer of his Appetite would yet seem not to do it lest he should be thought plainly to design Glory to himself by being needlesly singular above other Men. Orat. 19. in laud. Patr. Eusebius relates of some of the Confessors under the Persecution of M. Aurelius that though for their Testimony of the Truth which they had born at the Dearest Rate on this side Death though they had been frequently thrown to wild Beasts exposed to Fire and the Remains of Wounds and Violence were visible all over their Bodies yet would not be called Martyrs but with Tears begg'd the Peoples Prayers that they might perfect all by real Martyrdom Hist Eccl. l. 5. c. 2. Dr. John Reinolds as Learned as any Man in the World as Godly as Learned as Humble as Godly Car. in vit Ric. Capel Mr. Ric. Capel could refuse Honours as Musculus did and contented himself with plain and mean things Idem Cajetan the Flower of the Cardinals would never be in his Silks and Braveries but kept his old Fashions to his dying day Mclancthon wouldnot disdain to do that which his meanest Servants would scarce put their hand to Ibid. John Duns Sctus Doctor Subtilis who was of Merton College Oxon had these Verses made upon him Doctor Subtilis nomen Subtilia donant Quem vestis vilis pes nudus corda coronant In English A Subtile Doctor of a Subtile Wit Brave Heart vile Raiment and with naked Feet Leigh's Relig. and Learn Luther calls himself a Sack of Worms-meat a lump of Earth a bundle of Wickedness an unworthy Minister of the Gospel Mahometans They praise Humility that is esteeming others more than themselves F. Simon The Persians and Turks are of that bad Humour rather to build new Houses than to repair old ones The Custom is grown to that height that the Children will not live in their Parents Houses after their decease M. Tavernier Armenians The Armenians on Mandy-Thursday perform the Ceremony of the Washing of Feet They all come to Church where the Priest washes the right Foot of the Men and the left of the Women and makes thereon the Sign of the Cross with Butter consecrated to that purpose And this done he is cast into a Chair by twelve Men who rasse him up into the Air with Exclamations of Joy keeping him there till he promiseth to treat them with a Dinner D. of Holstein 's Embass Papists Dunawd being consulted at Bangor what should be done about the Entertainment of Austin the Monk sent from Rome advised them Give him the meeting and regard his Messages if he be a Man of God But how may that be known said they You know what our Saviour saith Learn of me for I am meek and lowly c. If so 't is likely he belongs to Christ If with state and distance he thinks to reduce and over-awe you you are to defend the Liberties of your Church c. which last took place for observing him to be guilty of Haughtiness they laboured to contradict all that he said Th. Jones of Oswestree Cromwel in Henry the Eighth's time of a Black-smith was made an Earl and had the Garter given him Lord Privy Seal Lord Chamberlain of England Lord Vice-gerent Master of the Rolls yet afterwards forsook by his Friends except Cranmer insulted over by his Enemies attainted without making his answers which Counsel he had been the Author of against Pool's Mother before in a Letter concluded thus Written with the heavy Heart and trembling Hand of your Highness's most heavy and most miserable Prisoner and poor Slave Tho. Cromwel And underneath Most Sacred Prince I cry for Mercy Mercy Mercy Dr. Burnet Contempt of Wealth Vide Self-Denial Jews THE Jews are very Covetous and great Usurers Christians Trypho the Jew tells Justin Martyr by way of reproach that the Christians foolishly undervalued and threw away all the Enjoyments and Advantages of this World Dial. cum Tryph. p. 308. When Agbarus the Toparch of Edessa Offered Thaddeus one of the 70 Disciples great Sums of Gold and Silver for the pains he had taken and the great things he had done amongst them he refused them with this Answer To what purpose should we receive good things from others who have freely forsaken and renounced our own Euseb H. Eccl. Quintianus the President under Decius the Emperor asking Agatha the Virgin Martyr why she descending of such rich and illustrious Parents would stoop to such low and mean Offices she Answered Our Glory and Nobility lies in this That we are the Servants of Christ Sim. Metaphr Serm. Martyr ad diem Feb. 5. Tom. 1. Origen when he might have lived upon the Estate of others Sold his Library to one who was to allow him 4 Oboli a day the day he spent in Tasks and Exercises a great part of the night in Study always remembred that of our Saviour not to have two Coats not to wear Shoes Dr. Cave Prim. Christ Papists S. Francis's Story is well known who having a design to renounce the World and Offering his Money to a Priest who refused it cast it presently away and put himself under a Vow of perpetual Poverty S. Francis Sales saith he Loved Poverty above all things and call'd it his Mistress Muscovites The Muscovites spend but little in House-keeping 'T is not above Thirty Years ago that even their Lords were Lodged in very poor Wooden Buildings Their Hushold-Stuff is suitable to their Lodgings consisting only in three or four Pots and as many Wooden or Earthen Dishes Some have Pewter but very few but there is not any Silver They know not what Scouring means even the Duke's looks little better than the Tavern-Pots The better sort hang their Rooms with Mats have few Feather-beds but Mattresses or Chaff or Straw sometimes lie upon their Cloaths on a Bench or Table D. of Holstein's Emb. Travels Mahometans Their Dervises relinquish the World and spend all their Days in Solitude and Retiredness expecting a Recompence undergoing very sharp Penances crying out continually in such Expressions as these God Almighty look upon me I love thee I Love not the World but I Love thee and do all for thy sake After this Retirement they will rather chuse to Famish than stir from their Cells and therefore are Relieved by the Charity of others Banians The Goeghy a Sect of them are forbidden by their Law to
Glanvil tells us from the Confession of some Witches that at their Night-Meetings when the Cloth is laid and the Devil set down at the upper end of the Table he useth some words before Meat Jews The Jews spreading their Hands over the Bread say Blessed art thou O Lord God King of the World who bringest Bread out of the Earth then over a Cup of Wine Blessed c. who hast made the Fruit of the Vine over Water no Blessing the 23d Psalm is set before them at Meal time and they have Multitudes of new Graces if any better Dainties be set before them Purchas Forms of Excommunication Jews The Degrees or Kinds of Excommunication are 1. THE Niddui the lowest sort as some think a separation or casting out of the Synagogue for about thirty Days during which time the Party was not to come within four Cubits either of Man or Woman nor to dress or trim himself as at other times yet admitted to instruction and divine Service Might be more severely punished his Son might be denied Circumcision his Dead not buried according to the Contumacy of the Person Excommunicated The Form was this N. Let him be excommunicated 2. The Shammatha the same with Maranatha as some think Mr. Selden thinks 't is the same with Niddui This was a total Exclusion from the Church a blotting them out of the Book of Life and not permitting them the least Communion in things of publick Religion and the word Shammatha they interpret the Coming of the Lord to take Vengeance on the Excommunicate It was never pronounced but when the Offender became desperate 3. The Cherem when the Offender within 30 days gave no sign of Amendment This was so dreadful and direful in our Saviour's time that many principal Jews who believed on Christ durst not confess him for fear of it See the Form By the Decrees of Cities and Command of the Holy we Anathematize adjure exterminate excommunicate curse and execrate God being willing and his Church by the Book of the Law by the 600 Precepts therein written by the Anathema with which Joshua anathematized Jericho by the Curse wherewith Elisha cursed the Young Man by the Curse wherewith Gehezi cursed his Boy and by the Excommunication with which Baruch excommunicated Merozi and by the Excommunication which R. Jehuda Son of Jehezkiel used in this matter and by all the Anathemata Imprecations Curses Excommunications and Exterminations which have been made from the time of our Master Moses and since by the name of Acetheriel Jah the Lord of Hosts Michael the great Prince by the name of Mittatron whose name is as the name of his Master by the name of Sandalipon who ties the bands of the Lord by the name of the 42 Letters by his name who appeared to Moses in the Bush by the name with which Moses divided the Sea by the name I am what I am by the mystery of the name Tetragrammaton by the Scripture that was written upon the Tables by the name of the Lord of Armies Sabath the God of Israel sitting upon the Cherubim By the name of the Spheres and Circles and Living Creatures Saints and Ministring Angels By the name of all the Angels which wait on the most High God Every Israelite and Israelitess who willingly and knowingly violates any of those laws which are now denounced to be observed Let him be Cursed of the God of Israel who sits upon Cherubim Let him be Cursed by the Bright and Glorious name which the High Priest in the day of expiation expresseth with his mouth Let him be Cursed by Heaven and Earth Cursed from Almighty God Cursed of Michael the great Prince Cursed of Mittatron whose name is as the name of his Master Cursed of Acetheriel Jah the Lord of Hosts of the Seraphim and of the Orbs of the Holy Animals and Angels who wait before the most High God of Israel in Holiness and Purity If he was born in the month Nisan which the Angel Vriel as the Prince of the Classes under which it is governs Let him be Cursed of him and all his Order and if in the month Ijar which the Angel Tzephaniel governs let him be Cursed of him and all his order c. Let him be Cursed of the 7 Angels set over the 7 weeks and of all their order and helping power Let him be Cursed of the 4 Angels which govern the 4 Seasons of the year Cursed of the 7 Palaces Cursed of the Princes of the Law by the name of the Crown and the name of the Seal Let him be Cursed of the great God strong and Bright Let him receive Confusion for his embraces Let him fall with swift Ruin Let God the God of Spirits put him under all Flesh Let God the God of Spirits lay him prostrate to all flesh Let the wrath of the Lord and Violent whirlwind fall upon the head of the wicked Let the Destroying Angels run upon him Let him be Cursed in every thing that he puts his hand to Let his Soul depart in Terrour Let him dye of the Quinsey Let not his breath come or go Let him be smitten with a feaver Dryness the Sword Rottenness the Jaundise Neither Let him be deliver'd from them before Destruction Let his sword enter into his own heart And let his Bows be broken Let him be as the dust before the wind and the Angel of the Lord scattering them Upon him shall rest all the Maledictions written in the Book of this Law and the Lord shall blot out his name from under Heaven Also the Lord shall separate him for mischeif out of all the Tribes of Israel to all the Curses of the Covenant written in the book of this Law But you who adhere to the Lord your God are all alive this day He that blessed Abraham Isaac Jacob and Moses and Aaron David and Solomon and the Prophets of Israel and those who are Pious among the Nations let him bless all this Holy Congregation except the man that hath violated this Anathema and so let it be his will and Decree Amen Dr. Addison Prsent state of the Jews in Barbary N. B. Samaritans were Excommunicated by sound of Trumpet and Singing of the Levites Ross Christians Greek A Form of the Greek Excommunication If they restore not to him that which is his own and possess him peaceably of it but suffer him to remain injured and damnifyed Let him be separated from the Lord God Creator and be Accursed and Unpardoned and Undissolvable after Death in this World and in the World to come Let Wood stones and iron be dissolved but not They. May they inherit the Leprosy of Gehazi and the Confusion of Judas may the Earth be divided and devour them like Dathan and Abiram may they Sigh and Tremble on Earth like Cain and the wrath of God be upon their Countenances may they see nothing of that for which they labour and beg their bread all their days may their works possessions and
believe in no other Law and neither add to nor diminish from it 3. For the Distoor or Pope Besides the two former Tables he must 1. Not touch any thing Profane without washing after 2. Do every thing for himself with is own Hands as Cooking Sewing c. 3. Receive the tenth of what the Laity pos 4. Avoid Vain-Glory and exercise Acts of Charity 5. His House must adjoyn to the Church that he may go and come and be oft there without being taken notice of 6. Wash more frequently and use purer Food and refrain his Wife's company during her Pollution 7. Be well skilled in Judicial and Natural Phillosophy as well as in the Zertoost of Religion the three several parts of the Zundavastaw 8. Use a moderate Diet. 9. Fear none but God 10. Tell every Man his Offences 11. In Visions distinguish betwixt Good and Counterfeit and give right Judgment 12. When God in Mercy communicates his Goodness to him by nightly Visions to admire his Mercy and keep them secret 13. That the Pyree be ever kindled till Fire destroy the Universe and that he pray over it Sir Tho. Herbert Ancient Heathens The Twelve Tables of the Greeks and Romans 1. Of Religion 1. Approach the Gods chastly use Piety lay aside Riches c. Opes amovento 2. Let no body have any Gods by himself nor introduce New and strange Gods without publick consent c. 3. Let things sacred and private remain always so 4. Let nothing controverted be assigned to sacred use 5. Let him that is disobedient forfeit his Head 6. Have no Controversies upon Holy-days c. 7. Observe the Customs of the Family and Countrey 8. Keep the Temples built by thy Fathers have Groves in the Fields and Seats for thy Houshold Gods 9. Account him a Parricide that shall steal any thing sacred c. 10. Let the Divine Punishment of Perjury be destruction Humane Disgrace 11. Perform thy Vows devoutly 12. Let no one destroy Sepulchres nor bring in strangers 2. Of Laws and Magistrates 1. Let The Safety of the Commonwealth be the Supreme Law 2. What the people shall command last let that be ratified 3. Let Senators have the same Right with men of Valour Champions 4. Encroach upon no ones Privileges 3. Pass Sentence of Death upon no Roman Citizen but in the greatest Court Let Sun-set be the last Season 7. Let Governments be just and modest Obedience paid to them c. 3. Of Judgments 4. Of Private Power 5. Of Marriages 6. Of Homicides 7. Of the Administration of Affairs 8. Of Bearing Witness 9. 'T is uncertain of what 10. Of Sanctuary-Laws 11. and 12. are unknown also See more in Alsted Encyclop p. 1982 c. Tunquinese Chacabout a certain Hermit and Founder of a certain Sect in Tunquin and followed by the most part of the meaner people hath enjoyned his followers to observe 10 Commandments 1. That they shall not kill 2. Nor Steal 3. Nor defile their Bodies 4. Nor Ly. 5. Nor be unfaithful in their words 6. That they shall restrain their inordinate Desires 7. Do Injury to no Man 8. Nor be great Talkers 9. Nor give way to their Anger 10. That they shall labour to their utmost to get knowledge Tavernier's Collect. I might here present my Reader with more Creeds and Commands but these I think are enough to satisfie the curiosity of moderate Inquirers Burials Jews THE ancient Jews had their Sepulchres in thier Gardens 2 Kin. 21.18 Matt. 27.60 The Barbary Jews at this day in their Burials use this Order 1. They wash the Corps of the poorer sort in common VVater of the Rich in VVater of Roses Orange-Flowers c. 2. They put it in a Shirt Drawers a Stripe of Linnen white Sheet and Coffin 3. The Corps is carried by four to the place of Burial in this order first the Priests next the Relations next the Invited Neighbours 4. As they go they all sing the 49th Psalm Hear this all ye People c. and if it last not to the Grave they begin it again 5. At the Grave ten Rabbies or old Jews say over some parcels of Divine Service 6. The Relations stir not abroad for a week after unless upon some extraordinary business and then without Shoes Neighbours come to the House to pray with them 7. Their mourning Habit is a black Gantphe the same Cloaths they wore when the Party died Dr. Addison 8. Their common Epitaph is Let his Soul be in the bundle of Life with the rest of the Just Amen Amen Selah Rosse Ancient Heathens In the Funerals of the Ancients there were these following Officers 1. Libitinarii such as had the oversight of all things necessary 2. Pollinctores who had the Office of anointing the dead Bodies 3. Custodes Cadaverum who attended the Dead till they were carried to the Funeral Fire 4. Vespillones of Sandapilarii such as commonly carried out by Night the meaner sort and they were cloathed commonly in white 5. Designatores such as did marshal every Man according to his place 6. Praeficae Women-Mourners that went before the Corps singing a doleful Song to invite others to Sorrow which was called Naenia as some would have it from the noise which is made in weeping 7. Vstores such as burnt the Bodies of the Dead Among the Romans burying in the Earth was first used then Burning till A.C. 200. Trumpets used at the Funerals of the Rich. Pipes at poorer Funerals The Order of Burials was thus 1. The Body was wash'd and anointed the Rich with costly Oyntments such as Amomum yielded which was a Shrub growing in Armenia and the Eastern parts from the use of which in enbalming the Dead some think the word Mummy is deriv'd 2. The Body was decently covered and laid upon a Bier and placed ready to be carried forth 3. A Coronet of Flowers was set upon it 4. Wax-Candles also were carried before it to the Funeral Fire 5. In the Funerals of Honourable Persons there went before the Corps in order many Chariots according to the number of Progenitors such as were famous and on each Chariot a Bed with an Image of one of them 6. Before all these went the Lictores carrying the Fasces the Rod and Axe with such Ornaments as belong'd to the Office of the Person deceas'd 7. To preserve the Ashes and Bones from mixing with the Ashes of the Wood with which it was burnt they wrapt the Body in a Sheet made of a kind of Flax called Asbestinum which is of that nature that it is not consumed but is only cleansed by the Fire 8. They gather the Ashes and Bones and put them in Pitchers or Pots Vrnae Vessels of four Gallons and a half a piece made sometimes of Earth and sometimes of Brass 9. They placed the Vrns of the better sort in stately Vaults belonging to great Families 10. The time of the Funeral was the Eighth day for Burning and the Ninth for Burying 11. The Fire Bustum was
Justinus Nepotiani Adamantii Chiliastae assert Christ shall Reign on the Earth 1000 years after the Resurrection So Apollinarii Victorinus Tertullian Irenaeus Lactantius  Jews Before the Judgment there shall be a Golden Age to the Godly  Hutistes Take upon them to prefix the very day and hour of Christ's coming to Judgment The H. Ghost is truly God Macedonians Tropicks Arians The Holy Ghost is a Creature or Power Celestial created by God thro' the Word  Effrontes The Holy Ghost is a bare Motion inspired by God into the Mind  Samosatenus Photinus Socinus Servetus Turks Ochinus Lombard Ket Hamant Brownists some Pneumatomachous likewise saying the Holy Ghost is not God but God's Love or Vertue whereby he works iâ— his Children  Hierax Melchisedec was the Holy Ghost  Sim. Magus His Helen was the Holy Ghost  Franciscan S. Francis was the Holy Ghost  Helehe The Holy Ghost was a Woman and the natural Sister of Christ  Grecians Russians The H. Ghost proceeds from the Father but not from the Son  Tritheists The H. Ghost is inferior to the Father as the Arians say he is not inferior to the Son Mankind is by Nature corrupt and guilty of Original sin Saturninus Some men are naturally good tho some bad  Carpocratians some of them they were every way as innocent as Christ  Adamites They were ever way as innocent as Adam before his Fall  Jews Carpocratians Familists Flatly deny Original sin  Pelagians Adam's sin hurt not his posterity  Albanenses There is no Original sin if their Adversaries report truly of them  Jack-a Leyden No Original sin  Papists The Virgin Mary was free from sin Original  Council Trent Concupiscence is no sin but proceeds from sin and inclines to sin  Manichees Original sin is another substance within us so that Man is not voluntarily but necessarily driven to evil  Socinus There is no Original Sin i. e. Concupiscence and Deformity of Nature in us Contracted by natural generation from Adam justly we being in his loins when he fell Florinus Blastus Hermogenes Therefore God is the Author of sin  Valentinians Original Sin comes From the Devil  Apollinarians Original Sin comes From Nature  Pelagians Original Sin comes By Imitation  Familists Original Sin comes By Imitation  Arminius All men are received into the Covenant of Grace and all freed from Orinal Sin So that now we have no will to good of ourselves Pharisees Sadduces Pelagians Donatists Papists Anabaptists Man hath no free will to Good  Lawr. Valla Man hath no Power to move his Body to outward things nor his Mind to sin  Hobbes Liberty of will in the Soul is Physically necessary  Socinus There is a Free will to Goodness in us  Arminius A Natural Man can by using the gifts of Nature rightly obtain saving Grace c. Nor sufficient Knowledg of our Duty Montanists said They knew more than the Apostles of Christ  Socinus No man by the Light of Nature can have any Knowledg of God Yet God requires holiness Carpocrates A Vicious Life will appease the Evil Angels  Basilides Exâ—oll'd a civil Righteousness up to the very Heavens Viz. That we worship him alone Angelici Adored Angels so did the Jews and Pythagoreans and Platonists  Armenii The Cross  Helcesaitae The Water and some Women a-kin to Helceseus  Greeks The V. Mary and Pictures  Collyridiani Offered bread to the Virgin M.  Papists Saints  Pagans Men under the Names of Jupiter Saturn c.  Persians A Dragon  Syrians A Fish and Pigeons  Aegyptians An Ox Calf Cats Vultures Crocodiles  Turks Mahomet  Americans The Devil under the name of Zemes and Tanto and Cendir  Hakem President of Egypt a Mahometan would be called God and was so by a servant of his Darareus who told him he had got 16000 Disciples viz. who would call him God  Cuscans and Peruvians Viracocha i.e. the Creator of Heaven and Earth Vaspu i. e. Wonderful and the Sun and Stars and Author of Rain and Thunder and Pachacuma and Macamoca i.e. the Earth and Sea and Rainbow high Trees c. Dragons Bears Tigers c.  Mexicani Vitzliputzli viz. Idolum quoddam  Muggletonians decry all outward Worship  Quietists do the same and call to that which is Inward and spiritual  Clancularii professed no Religion with their mouth but kept it in their heart According to his Word Will Pettaloronchiae put the Finger in the Mouth to appease God with silence  Tascodrongitae Spirituales put the Finger in the Nose to shew their Ardency in Prayer  Nudi-pedales Went barefoot  Collyridiani Used to carry about Bread in Honour of the Blessed Virgin  Papists In Procession carry about the Sacrament on Horse-back the Pope being carried on in a chair of Gold on the shoulders of 6 or 8 Noblemen By praying to him Messaliani Euchitae Euphemite Psalliani Martyriani were constantly Devoted to Prayers but idle  Agonyclitae Would not Pray kneeling nor prostrate but only standing  Beghardinae Beghinae No need of Prayers and Fasting  Prodiciani Brownists Reject the Lord's Prayer and all set Forms And praising him Arnheim Church sing the Prophets and their own Hymns And fasting and abstinence Cerdon Marcion Saturninus Carpocrates From flesh and marriage  Tatianus From Flesh Wine and Women Manichees the Priests did so yet in Fasts had plenty and variety of Fruits spices Liquors c.  Severus From Wine Women and Marriage  Gnosticks Aerians Priscillianists Apostolicks Hierarchites Valentinians Marriage is not Lawful or meet whoredom is so say the Armenians Apostolici and Encratitae from Marriage and Riches  Turks Jews Polygamy is Lawful so likewise say the Hermogenians and Ochinites  Valesii Castrated themselves  Nicolaitans Sim. Magus Woredom is Lawful  Papists They which are of spiritual Kindred may not marry  Papists admit none into the Clergy that are married unless they will be first unmarried  Vigilantian admit none into the Clergy that are married unless they will be first unmarried  Bishops admit none into the Clergy that are married unless they will be first unmarried  Origen Tertullian Catharans Henricians none should marry twice And Montanists of whom Tertullian was one so Athenagoras Hierome Nazianzen Origen  Ossens compel People to marry  Manichees Forbid marriage to the Electi Priests As God hath revealed his Will in the holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament Circumcellians Burnt the Holy Scriptures  Archontici rejected most of the Old Testament and substituted the Apocrypha in its room  Basilides Carpocrates Valentinians Manichees Severians Catabaptists Marcionites Apelles rejected the Old Testament for the most part so the Socinians  Ebion allowed only S. Matthew's Gospel called Paul an Apostate  Sadduces only the Pentateuch  Muscovites rejected the 4 last Books