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earth_n	call_v	day_n	lord_n	5,716	5	4.1722	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06340	The pleasant historie of the conquest of the VVeast India, now called new Spayne atchieued by the vvorthy prince Hernando Cortes Marques of the valley of Huaxacac, most delectable to reade: translated out of the Spanishe tongue, by T.N. Anno. 1578.; Historia general de las Indias. Part 2. English.	López de Gómara, Francisco, 1511-1564.; Nicholas, Thomas, b. ca. 1532.	1578 (1578)	STC 16807; ESTC S108920	249,653	422

duetie hoping not to haue come to this estate and place where now I stande And considering that you may doe with me what you please I beséeche you to kill me and that is my only request Cortes comforted him with faire words giuyng him hope of life and seniory and tooke him vp into a zotie requiring him to commaund his subiectes to yeelde and render themselues he obeyed his request At that time there was about thrée score and tenne thousande persons who in seing their Prince threwe downe their weapons and submitted themselues The taking of Mexico IN the order before declared wanne Hernando Cortes the famous cittie of Mexico on tuesday being the .xiij. of August An. 1521. in remembraunce wherof and of the great victory euery yéere on that day they make a sumptuous feast solemne procession wherin is carried the standart royall with the whiche the cittie was won The siege endured thrée moneths had therein .200000 Indians 900. Spaniardes .80 horses .17 péeces of ordinaunce 13. Vergantines 6000. Canoas In this siege were slayne fiftie Spaniardes sixe horses no great number of the Indians their friends There was slaine on the cōtrary side a hundred thousand and some affirme many moe but I speake not of them that died with hunger and pestilence At the defence of the citie were al the nobilitie by reason wherof many were slayne The multitude of people was great who eate litle dranke salte water and slepte among the dead bodies where was a horrible stenche for these causes the disease of pestilence fell among them and thereof died an infinite number Wherevpon is to be considered their stedfaste determination for although they were afflicted with such hunger that they were dryuen to eate boughes ryndes of trées and to drinke salte water yet woulde they not yéelde themselues But at the laste they woulde haue submitted them and then their kyng Quahutimoc woulde no● bycause at the begynnyng they refused his will and counsell and also with their generall deaths should appeare no cowardise for they kept the dead bodies in theyr houses to kéepe that secrete from theyr enimies Here also is to bée noted that although the Mexicans eate mans fleshe yet they eate none of their owne Cittie or friendes as some doe thynke for if they had there woulde not so many haue died with hunger The Mexican women were highly commended not onely bycause they aboade with their husbandes and Fathers but also for the greate paynes they tooke with the sicke and wounded persons yea and also they laboured in makyng slings cuttyng stones fitte for the same and throwyng stones from the soties for therein they dyd as muche hurte as their men The Cittie was yéelded to the spoyle and the Spanyardes tooke the Golde Plate and Feathers the Indian friends had all the rest of cloth and other stuffe Cortes commaunded greate bonfiers to be made in token of victory and also to mortifie the horrible stenche of the dead bodies whome he lykewise commaunded to be buried and some of the prysoners menne and women he caused to be marked in the face for the Kings slaues and pardoned all the residue He commaunded the Vergantines to bée brought ashore and appoynted one Villa fuerte with .80 men to guarde thē fearyng least the Mexicans shold set fire or otherwise destroy them In this businesse he occupied himselfe foure dayes then remoued his campe to Culhuacan where he rendred hartie thanks to all the Gentlemen his friendes promysing to gratifie their good and faythfull seruice desiryng them to departe home to theyr houses cōsidering the warre was at an end wherevpon they departed almost all in generall both rich and iocond with the spoyle of Mexico and also to remayne in the fauour and grace of Cortes Maruellous signes and tokens of the destruction of Mexico NOt long before Hernando Cortes came vnto the newe Spayne did many nightes after the midnighte appeare in the aire and in the same port and place where Cortes entred into that land great lightning of fire whiche amounted vpward and suddaynely vaded away The Mexicans at that time saw flames of fire toward the orient where now Vera Crux standeth with a great and thicke smoke that séemed to touche the heauen and earthe thys sight was fearefull vnto them They also saw the figures of armed men fighte in the aire one with another a new and strange sight for them and a thing that filled their heads with ymaginations for when there was a prophecie spoken of among them how that white men with beardes should come and rule their kingdome in the time of Mutezuma The Lordes of Tezcuco and Tlacopan were much amazed saying that the sword whiche Mutezuma hadde was the armes of those folke whose figures they had séene in the ayre with their apparell and attire Mutezuma had muche adde to pacifie them fayning that the weap●n and apparell was of hys forefathers and bycause they should sée the troth thereof he gaue them the sworde and willed them to breake it if they coulde and they prouing to breake the same and could not they maruelled thereat and also were resolued of their opinions It shoulde séeme that a little before these things happened some of Mutezuma his subiectes founde a chest of apparell and a sworde in it on the sea coast which came floting out of some shippe that had wracked there about and broughte it to their prince Others affirme that the cause of alteration among the noble men was when they saw the sword and apparell that Cortes had sent vnto Mutezuma by Teudilli séeing it a thing so like the attire of the figures whiche they had séene in the ayre but howsoeuer it was they beléeued with these new tokens that their Kingdome shoulde haue an ende when they saw those straungers come into their Countrey The same yeare that Cortes came into Mexico appeared a vision vnto a certaine Malli which is to say a slaue taken in the warres to be sacrificed who at the time of his deathe and Sacrifice bewayled his sorrowfull ende calling vppon the God of Heauen who at that instante sawe in spirite a vision and heard a voyce bidding hym not to feare that death for the God whome he had called vpon would haue mercy vpon hym willing hym also to say vnto the pristes and ministers of the Idols that their wicked sacrifice and bloudsheding was néere at an ende and that there was a people at hand that should take away all that wicked and abhominable religion This Malli was sacrificed in the middest of the market place of Tlatelulco where at this daye is the place of execution They remembred and noted well the wordes of the Malli and the vision whiche they called a breath from heauen The earth also brake open out of the whiche issued a maruellous greate streame of water with many greate fishes which they iudged and held for a strange pronostication The Mexicans did reporte that when on a time Mutezuma

for a bowe two arrowes and a nette and afterwarde the father in lawe speaketh not one worde to his sonne in law for the space of a whole yeare And when the husbande hapneth to haue any child he lyeth not any more with his wife in two yeares after for feare least she might be with childe againe before the former childe were out of daunger although some doe sucke vntyll twelue yeares of age and for this consideration they haue many wiues Likewise there is an order among them that no woman may touch or dresse any thing being with theyr menstruall ordinarie Diuoremcent was not permitted without a iust cause and authoritie of Iustice among those who were openly married but the other sort might be as easily forsaken as taken In Mechuacan was not permitted any diuorcemente excepte the partie made a solemne othe that they loked not the one on the other stedfastly and directly at the time of their marriage But in Mexico they must proue how the wife is barraine foule of a naughty cōdition but if they put away their wiues without order and commaundemente of the Iudge then the heare of the offenders head is burned in the market place as a shame or punishment of a man without reason or witte The payne of adultery was death as well for the mā as the woman but if the adulterer were a Gentleman his head was decked with feathers after that he was hāged and his body burned and for this offence was no pardon eyther for man or woman but for the auoyding of adultery they do permitte other common women but no ordinary stewes Of the Iudges and order of Iustice IN Mexico were twelue Iudges who were all noble men graue and well learned in the Mexican lawes These men liued only by the rentes that properly apperteyne to the maintenance of Iustice and in anye cause iudged by thē it was lawfull for the parties to appeale vnto other twelue Iudges who were of the princes bloud and alwayes abode in the Court and were mainteyned at the Kings owne cost and charge The inferior Iudges came ordinarily once euery moneth to cōsult with the higher And in euery fourescore dayes came the Iudges of euery prouince within the Mexican Empire to consult with the Iudges of Mexico but all doubtfull causes were reserued to the King onely to passe by his order and determination The Painters serued for notaries to paint al the cases which were to be resolued but no sute passed aboue fourescore dayes without finall ende and determination There were in that citie twelue Sergeants whose office was to arrest and to cal parties before the Iudges Their garments were painted mantels wherby they were knowen a farre off The prisons were vnder ground moyst and darke the cause whereof was to put the people in feare to offend If anye witnesse were called to take an oth the order was that he shoulde touche the grounde with one of his fingers and then to touch his tong with the same whiche signifyed that hée had sworne and promised to speake the troth wyth hys tōg taking witnes therof of the earth which did mainteine him But some do interprete the oth that if the partie sware not true that then he mighte come to such extremitie as to eate earthe Sometime they name and call vppon the God of the crime whose cause the matter touched The Iudge that taketh bribes or giftes is forthwith put out of his office whiche was accounted a most vyle and shamefull reproch The Indians did affirme that Necaualpincintli did hang a Iudge in Tezcuco for giuing an vniust sentence he himselfe knowing the contrary The murther is executed without exception The woman with child that wilfully casteth hir creature suffereth deathe for the same bycause many women did voluntary vse that fact knowing their children could not inherite The punishment of adultery was death The Théefe for the firste offence was made a slaue and hanged for the second The traytor to the King and cōmon weale was put to death with extreame tormēts The woman taken in mans apparel dyed for the same and likewise the man taken in womans attire Euerye one that challēged another to fight except in the warres was cōdemned to die In Tezcuco the sinne of Zodomy was punished with death that law was instituted by Necaualpincintli Necaualcoio who were Iudges which abhorred the filthy sinne therfore they deserued great praise for in other prouinces the abhominable sin was not punished although they haue in those places cōmon stewes as in Panuco The order of cruell Sacrifice vsed among the Indians AT the ende of euery twenty dayes is celebrated a festiuall feast called Tonalli which falleth continually the last daye of euerye moneth but the chiefest feast in the yeare when most men are sacrificed eaten is at the ende of euerye fiftye two yeares But the Tlaxcaltecas and other common weales do celebrate this feast euery fourth yeare The last day of the first moneth is called Tlacaxipeualiztli on the which day were slaine a hundred slaues which were taken in the warres and after the sacrifise their flesh was eaten in this order Al the Citizens gathered themselues togither in the high Temple and thē the Ministers or Priestes came and vsed certaine ceremonies the which being ended they toke those whyche were to be sacrifised by one and one and layd them vpon their backes vpon a large stone and then the slaue being on liue they opened him in the breast with a knife made of flinte stone and toke out his hart whiche they threw immediately at the foote of the Aulter as an offering and anoynted with the fresh bloude the face of the God Vitzilopuchtli or any other Idol This done they pluckt of the skinnes of a certaine number of them the which skinnes so many auntient persons put incontinēt vppon their naked bodies al fresh bloudy as they wer sleane from the deade carcasses And being open in the backe part and shoulders they vsed to lace them in such sorte that they came fitte vppon the bodies of those that ware them and being in this order attired they came to daunce among many others In Mexico the king him selfe did put on one of these skinnes being of a principall captiue and daunced among the other disguised persons to exalte and honor the feast and an infinite number followed him to behold his terrible gesture although some hold opinion that they followed him to cōtemplate his greate deuotion After the sacrifise ended the owner of the slaues did carry their bodies home to their houses to make of their fleshe a solemne feaste to all their friendes leauing their heades and hartes to the Priests as their dutie and offering And the skinnes were filled with cotten wool or strawe to be hong in the temple and kings pallayce for a memorie The slaues when they went to their sacrifice were apparelled in the habite or deuise of the Idol vnto whom ech of them did commende

came triumphantly with victory of Xochnuxco said vnto the Lorde of Culhuacan Now quoth he Mexico is strong and inuincible for I haue in subiection Xochnuxco and other prouinces so that now I am without feare of any enemie The Lord of Culhuacan aunswered saying trust not good King too muche for one force forceth another with the whiche aunswere Mutezuma was not a little offended But when Cortes hadde taken them both prisoners then he called to remembrance the former talke and held that saying for a prophesie The building vp agayne of Mexico COrtes pretended to reedifie againe the Citie of Mexico not onely for the scituation and maiestie but also for the name great fame thereof and also to builde vp that which he hadde beaten downe by reason whereof he trauelled to make this Citie greater better and to be more replenished with people He named and appoynted Iudges Aldermen Attourneys Towne-clearke Notaries Skauengers and Seriants with all other officers necessarie for the common weale of a Citie He deuided the Citie among the Conquerors hauing first taken out places for Churches market places townehouse and other necessarie plottes to builde houses profitable for the common weale He also separated the dwellings of the Spanyards from the Indiās so that the water passeth and maketh deuision betwixt them Hée procured many Indians to come to the building of the Citie for auoiding charges although therein he had somewhat to do by reason that many kinsmen of Quahutimoc were not as yet come vnder obedience He made Lorde of Tezcuco Don Carolus Iztlixuchitl by the consent of the Citie in place of Don Hernando his brother who was deceassed and commaunded many of hys vassals to labour in the workes bycause they were Carpenters masons and builders of houses He promised also to them that were naturals of the Citie of Mexico plottes to build vpon inheritance fréedome and other liberties and the like vnto all those that woulde come and inhabite there whiche was a meane to allure many thither He sette also at libertie Xihuaco the generall Captayne and made him chiefe ouer the Indians in the Citie vnto whome he gaue a whole stréete He gaue likewyse another stréete to Don Pedro Mutezuma who was sonne to Mutezuma the king All this was done to winne the fauoure of the people He made other Gentlemen Seniors of little Ilands and stréetes to builde vpon and to inhabite and in this order the whole scituation was reparted and the worke began with great ioy and diligence but when the fame was blowen abroade that Mexico should be built againe it was a wonder to sée the people that resorted thither hearing of libertie fréedome the number was so greate that in a whole league compasse was nothing but people both men and women They laboured sore and eate little by reason whereof many sickned and pestilence followed whereof dyed an infinite number Their paines was great for they bare on theyr backes and drew after them stones earth timber lyme bricke and all other things necessary in this sort and by little and little Mexico was built againe with a hundred thousande houses more stronger and better than the olde building was The Spanyardes also built their houses after the Spanish fashion Cortes built his house vpon the plotte where Mutezuma his house stoode whiche renteth now yéerely foure thousand duckates a yeare Pamfilo de Naruaez accused him for the same saying that he hadde spoyled the woddes and mountaynes and spente seauen thousand beames of Ceder trées in the worke of his own house The number seemeth more héere than there for where all the Mountaynes are replenished with Ceder trées it is a small matter There are Gardines in Tezcuco that haue a thousand Ceder trées for walles and circuite yea and there are Ceder trées of a hundred twēty foote long and twelue foote in compasse from ende to end They built faire dockes couered ouer with arches for the Vergantines whereas for a perpetuall memorie all the thirtéene Vergantines do remayne vntil this day They d●mmed vp the stréetes of water where now faire houses stand so that Mexico is not as it was wont to be yea and since the yeare of 1524. the lake decreaseth and sometime casteth out a vapour of stench but otherwise it is a wholesome and temperate dwelling by reason of the Mountaynes that standeth round about it and well prouided through the fertilitie of the Countrey and commoditie of the lake so that now is Mexico one of the greatest Cities in the world and the most noble in all India as well in armes as policie There are at the least two thousande Citizens that haue each of them his horse in his stable with riche furniture for them There is also great contractation and all sortes of occupations Also a money house where money is dayly coyned a fayre schole whiche the Vizeroy Don Antonio de Mendosa caused to be made There is a greate difference betwixte an inhabitant of Mexico and a Conqueror for a Conqueror is a name of honor and hathe landes and rentes and the inhabitante or onely dweller payeth rente for hys house When this Citie was a building not throughlye furnished Cortes came from Culhuacan to dwell there The fame of Cortes and maiestie of Mexico was blowen abroade into farre prouinces by meanes whereof it is now so replenished as I haue before declared yea hath so many Spanyards who haue conquered aboue 400. leagues of land being all gouerned by the princely seate of Mexico Hovv the Emperour sent to take accompt of Cortes of his gouernement in the newe Spayne IN these dayes Cortes was the man of the greatest name of all the Spanish nation although many had defamed him and especially Pamfilo de Naruaez who was in the Court of Spaine accusing him And where of long time the Counsell of India had receyued no letters from him they suspected yea and beléeued whatsoeuer euil was spoken of him Wherevppon they prouided the Admirall Don Diego Colon for Gouernour of Mexico who at that time went to lawe wyth the king pretending the said office and many others with condition to carrie at his owne coast a thousand men to apprehend Cortes They prouided also for Gouernour of Panuco one Nonio de Gusman and Simon de Alcazaua portingall for gouernour of Honduras To kindle more thys mischiefe and to set this businesse forward one Iohn de Ribera the Attourney of Cortes was a sitte and an earnest instrument againste his maister and the cause was for falling out with Martin Cortes father vnto Hernando Cortes about foure thousand Duckates which Cortes had sent by him to his father which money the said Ribera his Attourney kept to his owne vse and therefore raised many slaunders against his maister yea and credite was giuen to his tales but on a night he had a morsell of bacon gyuen him vppon a skaffolde wherewith he was choked in the chiefe time of his businesse These newe officers