Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	bottom_n	foot_n	mid_n	36	3	16.0888	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12531	The arte of gunnerie. Wherein is set foorth a number of seruiceable secrets, and practical conclusions, belonging to the art of gunnerie, by arithmeticke skill to be accomplished: both pretie, pleasant, and profitable for all such as are professors of the same facultie. / Compiled by Thomas Smith of Barwicke vpon Tweed souldier.	Smith, Thomas, fl. 1600-1627.	1601 (1601)	STC 22855; ESTC S116363	60,711	126

is finished Resolution To worke this there is a generall rule as thus Adde the widenesse or breadth of the brim and the breadth or widenesse at the bottome together the ½ of that addition multiplied by depth of the ditch the product of that multiplication shall be your deuident or number to be deuided Now to find the height of the wall adde the thicknesse of the bottome of the wall which you meane to make to the thicknesse or bredth that you intend to make it at the head the ½ of that addition shall be your deuisore which deuident deuided by the deuisor the quotient will shew you the height of the wall Example The trench in this conclusion is said to be 18 foote broad at the mouth or brim thereof and 12 foote at the bottome which 2 numbers being added makes 30 the halfe whereof is 15 feete which 15 feete multiplied by 8 feete being the depth ariseth 120 feete for my deuident Likewise adde twelue foote the thicknesse of the wall at the bottome to 8 foote the bredth you meane to make it at the head so ariseth 20 feete the ½ thereof is 10 feete for my deuisor and so thicke the said wall will be in the mids the which deuident being 120 being deuided by the deuisor 10 the quotient is 12 and so many foote in height shall the earth and turfe casten out of the trench aforesaid make a wall being 12 foote broade at the bottome 8 foote at the head and 10 foote in breadth at the mids the said trench being 18 foote broad at the brim 12 foote broad at the bottome and 8 foote deepe In this order you may find out the height bredth or depth of any such like wall or ditch in making the same after any proportion assigned Briefe obseruations of certaine principals in the Arte of Gunnery for euery Gunner to consider of to practise and learne viz. To know what disparture euery peece of Ordinance ought to haue in shooting either at or within point blanke or with an inch rule at any aduantage To vse a mediocrity in ramming and wadding and in giuing euery peece her due loading in powder and bullet To know the goodnesse and badnesse of powder and how to mixe and make perfit good powder and how to fine the peter c. To consider the wind whether it blow with you or against you or on any side of the peece and how to weather your peece to make a good shot To consider the platforme whether it be flat or else declining for the recoile of your peece and whether the marke be higher or lower then your platforme as also to know the distance thereto To know whether your peece be truly bored or not and how to make a perfect shot in a peece that is not truly bored To consider whether the one wheele be more glad or reuerse faster vpon the axle-tree then the other or whether the one wheele stand higher then the other lest you do shoote wide To know whether a short peece will outshoote a long peece or not keeping the length of the marke by the like degrees of the quadrant To know that leuelling with the quadrant towards a hill the marke standing higher then your platforme you shall shoote short and shooting into a valley you do ouershoote the marke but shooting on a leuell ground you keepe the length with the quadrant and how you ought to lay your peece to make a perfect shot with ●he quadrant at euery marke To know that giuing leuell with an inch rule which some call the rule of flat it is erronious in shooting in ●eeces of contrary length as also at seuerall markes obseruing one method To learne to know the distance to the marke and what distance your peece will shoote at point blanke or mounted from degree to degree which is the best rule to snoote by To know whether the cariage or stocke of your peece haue her due length or not and whether the peece be truly placed therein or not To consider that in shooting diuerse peeces from one platforme to discharge that peece which stands to the ley wards first and to set your match or fire euer on the ley side and your powder on the wind hand To know the true order in mixing and making all kind of fire-workes wet and dry To know the height and weight of all peeces of Ordinance and whether the same lye streight in the cariage or not To know the height and weight of all bullets of like mettall and the circumference thereof and what proportion a bullet of one mettall beareth to the like or vnlike bullet of a contrary mettall To know how much Serpentine or corne powder is requisite to charge any peece of Artillery To know what necessaries belongeth to any peece of Ordinance being in seruice by land or sea as ladles sponges hand-spikes ropes coines c. and what labourers should attend the same To know likewise what men horses or oxen is able to draw any peece of Ordinance in seruice or on the sudden To be circumspect of lighted matches and candles c. for feare of powder being in sea-seruice and to keepe a perfect register of euery thing pertaining to your Ordinance both what you haue present and what you haue spent to keepe your Ordinance drie within and to haue in readinesse all kind of seruiceable fire-workes which fire-workes ought to be made either in the boate or on land but not in the ship for feare of had I wist To know the vse of all Geometricall instruments belonging to the profession of a Gunner as also to haue some sight in Arithmeticke and Geometry thereby to shoote at all randons and how to mannage and handle all engines for the mounting or dismounting of any peece of ordinance in or out her cariage c. To know that euery peece ought to be as thicke of mettall in euery part from the lowest part of the concaue at the breech to that part of the chamber that holds the powder as the bullet due to that peece is in height A breuiary of certaine secrets in the Art of Gunnery A bullet violently driuen out of any peece of Ordinance by the force of the powder flieth swiftest and streightest from the mouth till it be past ½ the distance of the leuell range The great noise or rore that the peece makes in deliuering the bullet or discharged without bullet ariseth betweene the ayre within the peece violently driuen out into the open aire by the force of the fire the Petre or Maister being resolued into a windie exhalation And according to the quantity of the fire and aire bursting out of the peece so is the cracke more or lesse Any bullet shot out of a peece lying leuell doth flie more heauily and worketh lesse effect in piercing an obiect then when the peece is eleuated at any degree or degrees of the randon A heauy bullet violently mouing pierceth sorer then a lighter bullet hauing

peece at his pleasure How to shoote in any morter peece Morter peeces were inuented onely to annoy the enemy when other Ordinance cannot be vsed against them as being charged with stone to beate down the houses of the enemy or to fal amongst men being assembled together or charged with balles of wild-fire to burne the enemies ships houses or corne To make a perfect shot in one of these peeces it is requisite you know 2 things belonging to the same that is to say how farre your morter peece will carry a bullet or a ball of fire-worke as she is to shoote at the best of the randon and likewise how far it is from your peece to the marke you intend to shoot at which knowne you may make a perfect shot as thus Example If a morter peece shoot a bullet or fire-worke 700 paces and that the marke which you intend to shoote at is but 500 paces I demand at what degree of the quadrant shall the peece be layd at to make a good shot Resolution To answer this and all such like reason and experience teacheth that the lesser ground you intend to shoot you must raise the mouth of your morter peece so many degrees aboue the best of the randon as is sufficient to reach the marke desired and therefore I say if 700 paces require 45 degrees of the quadrant what will 500 and the quotient tels me that at 63 degrees of the quadrant the mouth of the sayd peece must be eleuated at to cause the bullet or fire-ball to light accordingly If you abate 45 degrees being the best of the randon from 63 degrees that the peece was eleuated at the remaine is 18 degrees so many degrees of the quadrant was the mouth of the morter peece eleuated at to reach the marke To know how farre or short any morter peece will shoote further or shorter at the mount or dismount of one or many degrees Question A morter peece that shoots 450 paces at the best of the randon I would know how much shorter shall she shoote being eleuated one degree aboue the vtmost range Resolution Deuide the distance of the vtmost range being 450 paces by 45 the degrees in the best of the randon the quotient is 10 so many paces will the sayd peece shoote shorter her mouth eleuated one degree How you may know verie neare how farre from your peece the bullet shall light the sayd morter peece mouth being raised to what degree you thinke good Question Suppose there is a Castell c. besieged and that the Gunners had brought their Ordinance as neare as they would wish so that hauing discharged the morter peece in the former conclusion at the mount of 60 degrees they find that the bullet fals in or about the mids of the sayd Castell or Fort. The question is how farre it is betweene the peece and the fall of the sayd bullet Resolution You must first seeke what difference of degrees is betweene 60 and 45 and you shall find 15 then by the rule of proportion say if one degree abate 10 paces what will 45 and you shall find 150 paces in your quotient And in this order by the help of Arithmeticke you may find how farre it is from the peece to the marke Also it is possible to shoote so directly vpright in a quiet faire and calme day that the bullet shot out of your morter peece shal fall into the peece mouth againe or hard besides the same if you raise the peece mouth iust to 90 degrees of the quadrant which albeit it be not seruiceable yet it is possible to be done For this is a generall rule that no peece of Ordinance whatsoeuer can shoote a bullet to continue still in a streight line during the motion of the said bullet except you eleuate or raise the concaue of the said peece directly towards the zeneth of the skie or else plumbe downe towards the center of the earth The diameter of the chamber mouth in euery morter peece ought to be equall to the semi-diameter in the mouth of the said morter The length of euery chamber in a morter peece ought to be once and a halfe the diameter of the chamber The mettall at the breech of euery morter peece ought to be fortified equall in thicknesse to the diameter of the mouth of the chamber within and at the trunions to the semi-diameter and at the fore-part or necke of the peece to the â…“ part of the diameter of the chamber mouth To mount a morter peece by the quadrant some vse to put the rule of the quadrant into the peece mouth close to the mettall or inside of the peece noting at what degree the plummet hangs but for as much as there be many morter peeces a little taper-bored at the mouth I meane the diameter at the mouth is something wider then it is within therefore it is the best to haue a rule made for the purpose which among the experienced Gunners is common the said rule being about 18 inches length at the middle point or pricke whereof is another shorter rule framed artificially about a foote long ioyned close and falling perpendicularly on the longer rule whose containing angle lighteth iustly on the middle point or mids of the longer rule from which point is drawne by Arte the â…› part of a circle and deuided into 45 equall deuisions or degrees so as the 90 degree stands iust on the center or middle point of the longer rule so that laying the longer rule crosse the mouth of the peece you shall presently know at what degre the said morter peece is eleuated at by the plummet the peece being mounted at any grade aboue 45. And thus may you mount your morter peece to shoote at what degree you thinke good The patterne of the rule this figure sheweth plainely drawne The orderly flight or motion of the bullet or fire-ball shot out of any morter peece by the figure or draught hereunder may be perceiued Hauing planted Ordinance vpon any mount or platforme to besiege any Towne c. and that you desire to make some little trench or ditch about the same for the defence thereof how you may know how much the earth and turfe that is cast out of the said ditch shall raise a wall in height being laid orderly at the brim of the said ditch on the inside thereof making the same wall to any proportion assigned Question Suppose the Generall commaund the captaine of the Pyoners that a ditch be made about the mounts or platformes where the Ordinance plaies making the same 18 foote in bredth at the brim 12 foote in bredth at the bottome and 8 foote in depth and that the earth and turfe digged out of the said trench be laid orderly in the inside thereof at the brim of the said ditch so as a wall may be made in bredth at the bottome 12 foote and at the top 8 foote I demaund how high shall that wall be when it