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A90893 Christ and Moses excellency, or Sion and Sinai's glory. Being a triplex treatise, distinguishing and explaining the two covenants or the gospel and law: and directing to the right understanding applying, and finding of the informing and assuring promises, that belong to both Covenants. By Vavasor Povvell, preacher of the Gospel in Wales. Powell, Vavasor, 1617-1670. 1650 (1650) Wing P3080; Thomason E1259_1; ESTC R208890 156,531 581

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made with David and his seed i.e. Solomon and not with Christ and his seed A. Jesus Christ is called (w) Esa 22.22 Ezek. 37.24 Hos 3.5 David frequently in Scripture because he was made of the (x) Ro. 1.3 Called the branch of David Jer. 23.6 Mat. 1.1 because he sprang from Dav. seed of David according to the flesh though it be true that God made a Covenant with David and his seed or son Solomon and that this Psalme in the letter of it hath relation thereunto yet Solomons Throne did not endure for ever but was (y) Jer. 22.30 Ez. 21.16 overthrowne therefore sure this is to be applied onely to Christ and his spirituall seed according to the strict and spirituall meaning of the words Quest To what end should the Covenant of Grace be made before man stood in need of grace for till Adam had sinned there was no necessity or misery requiring grace or mercy Answ (z) Act. 15.18 Known to God are all his workes from or before the beginning of the world and hee had all things then as present and as reall before the eyes of his glory as now he hath viz. mans creation fall and recovery and in this sense there was no precedency of time in regard of any of Gods counsells or secret acts Moreover God fore-seeing that man would sinne and thereby stand in need of Grace hee prepared this sovereigne salve Christ or the promise of life and grace to be presently applied and clapped to this wounded dying man as the brazen Serpent was prepared and (a) Num. 21 8 9. set up before-hand for them that should afterwards be stung Q. What was the nature of that Covenant which God the Father made with Jesus Christ A. It was a (b) Joh. 6 39 40. Heb. 10.7 voluntary (c) Eph. 1.5 well-pleasing and (d) Es 53.10 11. mutuall act and agreement betweene the Father and his Son Jesus Christ such as a man makes with his (e) Eph. 1.9 owne minde concerning his owne children or members Q. Who were the parties concerned in this Covenant A. God the Father (f) Esa 42.1 Jesus Christ the Mediator and the (g) Gal. 3.16 called Christ 1 Cor. 12.12 Church or body of Christ for whom he was to mediate Q. What did God the Father then promise unto Christ on his part A. They were either things that did belong to the worke of his Mediatorship or things to gratifie and satisfie him for his worke of Mediation Q. What were those things that God the Father did promise Christ as belonging to the worke of his Mediation A. That he would (h) Heb. 1.9 annoynt him and (i) Esa 11.2 fill him with the Spirit above all others and (k) Heb. 10.5.10 fit him with a body to sacrifice for sins and (l) Esa 42.1 uphold and (m) Esa 42.6.50.5 strengthen him that he should not be (n) Esa 50 7 confounded nor ashamed by the things he suffered Q. What were those things which God the Father promised Jesus Christ in way of gratification and satisfaction for the worke of his mediation A. That he would (o) Esa 50.8 justifie and glorifie him (p) Joh. 17.22 24. and all (q) Esa 53.11 his seed and that he should (r) Esa 53.10 Heb. 2.7.10 see and (s) Eph 5 25 27. enjoy the travell and purchase of his soule and body and have (t) Mat. 28.18 all power in heaven and in earth given to him till all things be (u) 1 Cor. 15.28 subdued unto him and when God must bee all in all Q. What was the summe of the Covenant promised and to be performed on Christs part A. To become a (w) Heb 8.6 Mediator (x) Heb. 7.22 Surety and (y) Act. 13.23 Saviour for all those that his Father should (z) Joh. 17.11 12. give him and in the Fathers appointed time to become flesh (a) Gal. 4 4. for to (b) Mat. 11.27 manifest and (c) Joh. 17.4 glorifie his Father by (d) Jo. 6.39 revealing and (e) Joh. 15 10 keeping his will Also to (f) Luk. 24.46 suffer and (g) Hos 13.14 satisfie (h) 1 Pet. 2.24 personally and (i) He 10.14 perfectly for the sinnes of men and having (k) Jo. 14.4.19 finished his worke to bring (l) Joh. 10.18 himselfe and those (m) Joh 6.39.40 given to him by the Father unto (n) Heb. 2.10 glory Quest What followed upon the making of this Covenant betweene the Father and Jesus Christ Answ Christ being (o) Esa 42.1 elected (p) Joh. 6.27 sealed and (q) Jo. 10.36 sanctified viz. set apart to his office of Mediatorship and those (r) Joh. 6.39 given him by the Father being also (s) Eph. 1.4 v. 5. so the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies elected and (t) 2 The. 2.13 sealed to obtaine adoption and salvation through Christ The Father (u) Eph. 1.22 Col. 1.18 gave Christ to be the head of that select number and body and the head of all other things for that body and so filled Christ with his (w) Col. 1.19 owne fulnesse that he should let out (x) Ioh. 1.16 grace for grace into that body and so committed them to his (y) Ioh. 17.12 Gen. 43.13.14 care charge and custody as Jacob did Benjamin to Reuben Gen. 43.13 14. having first given them his (z) 2 Tim. 1.9 grace and (a) Eph. 1.3 blessing in Christ Jesus Q What moved God the Father to make such a Covenant A. In respect of himselfe his (b) Eph. 1.5 Rev. 4.11 owne pleasure and (c) Rom. 9.23 2 Cor. 1.20 glory in respect of men (d) Ioh. 3.16 17 23. free love and (e) Rom. 11.5 grace For Gods first and maine end in all his actions is his (f) Ioh. 11.4 Eph. 1.6.12 owne glory and next making out his (g) Ier. 31.3 Eph. 2.7 goodnesse unto his creatures Q. But did not God foresee that those for whom hee covenanted with Christ would beleeve and doe good workes and was not their foreseen faith and workes the cause that moved God to make such a Covenant A. 1. No but rather God did foresee that they could not nor would not of themselves beleeve or doe good works For considering men in themselves and without Christ they were (h) Eph. 2.1.5 1 Tim. 6.5 dead in their sinnes (i) Rom. 5.8 Ioh. 15.8 without strength and having neither (k) Ioh. 6.44 Eph 2.8 will nor power neither in themselves nor of themselves either to beleeve or to (l) Phil. 2.13 2 Cor. 3.5 doe any good worke and therefore Gods grace preventeth and prepareth us before wee can bee able and worketh in us that we may be able 2. When the Scriptures speake of predestination and ordination before time to salvation which as I shewed before hath relation to Christ and that
Covenant made with him they say we are predestinated and ordained to (m) Act. 13.39 2 Thes 2.13 beleeve and to (n) Eph. 2.10 Rom. 8.29 doe good works and not for beleeving and doing good workes Q If God covenanted with Christ to give salvation to some and not to all did he not then leave the rest in a state of impossibility to be saved and in a state of certainty to be damned A. I. God is not accountable to man for his actions and this is sufficient that the will of God is the (o) Rom. 9.15 18.22 supream reason of all his actions and it should satisfie us that God doth what he will and wills himselfe and his owne glory chiefly so that if mans misery tends to Gods glory it is mans duty to be silent and subject thereunto 2. Though God by this Covenant doth entaile and assure salvation upon and unto the seed of Christ yet it doth not necessarily follow that the rest are left unavoidably in a state of damnation It is true that Gods preordination presignation and promise before time declared Gods speciall favour to such as he chose and his preterition and passing by the rest shewed a lesse regard of them and dis-ingagement of God to them Obj. But the absolute electing of some doth argue the absolute reprobating of others A. God in the act of election In no moment of nature did the purpose of condemnation goe before the foresight of sin saith Dr. Twisse in the act of preterition looked upon men as fallen and not as innocent and unfallen and thereby his grace doth more eminently appear in the one and his justice is more apparently justifiable as toward men in the other Obj. But is not election the cause of salvation and reprobation the cause of damnation A. Election and Reprobation are not in any sense the causes of salvation and damnation but Christ is the proper and meritorious cause of salvation and sin the proper and meritorious cause of damnation Election and reprobation they are but precedent and precurrent acts or decrees and the causes of salvation and Damnation they come in between the decrees and the execution thereof Obj. But the Decree of reprobation puts a necessity upon men to sinne for if God hath decreed the punishment he hath decreed the cause also A. The decree puts no more necessity upon men to sinne then the secret intent and purpose of a King to put his just Law in execution makes a malefactor guilty and to suffer according to that law further who dares reply against God if he would have it so Ro. 9.20 Obj. But if a King makes a law so strict that his Subjects cannot keepe it and then punishes his Subjects for breaking it is not that King more guilty then his Subject A. But the case is not so for God when he gave the Law at first to man viz Adam he did not give him such a Law that he could not keep Q. How doth it appeare that Adam could have observed and kept that Law which God gave him in his innocent state A. I. Because the Scripture testifies of him that he was made (a) Ecl. 7.29 upright and in (b) Gen. 5 1 Gods owne likenesse viz. in knowledge holinesse and power and therefore sure he was fit and able to keep it 2. The commandement that God gave Adam to obey it was no hard commandement to be observed by such a spirituall man Ob. But Adam was no other then a meer earthly and naturall man 1 Cor. 15.47 for had he been spirituall he could not have fallen from that state A. It is true that Adams body was of the earth yet Adams soule was immediately from heaven and therefore spirituall And why might not Adam though spirituall as well as the Angels seeing they were alike without promise of upholding them and no union of spirit between them and God or Christ and but mutually good fall from that state Q. What death did Adams transgression and disobedience deserve and bring upon himselfe and his posterity A. All that the Scripture cals (a) Ro. 5.14 1 Cor. 15.21 death which is either naturall (b) Lu. 1.79 spirituall or (c) Rom. 5.2 Eph. 2.1 Iam. 1.15 Ro. 5.15.18 eternall Q. How doth it appeare that Adams sin brought eternall death A. 1. From the words of the Apostle Rom. 5.16.18 Judgement was by one to condemnation and judgement came upon all men to condemnation Now condemnation must bee understood here as in other places of Scripture for (d) Ioh. 5.24 Rom. 8.1 eternall condemnation also the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 used in those (e) Ro. 5.16.18 two texts is alwayes in Scripture for eternall condemnation and differs from the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 judgement lastly here is judgement and condemnation together which imports both a temporall and eternall judgement 2. That condemnation which is put in opposition to eternall life must needs be eternall condemnation but this condemnation is such Rom. 5.21 Rom. 5.21 for the Apostle saith That as sinne hath reigned unto death even so might grace reigne through righteousnesse unto eternall life 3. It must be eternall death else how and when came mankinde to be guilty of eternall death do the weake and wicked posterity of Adam by sinning now when by reason of their corrupt natures they hardly can doe otherwise deserve and come under eternall death and should Adams sinne which was against knowledge and a cleare Law have no other punishment but a naturall and temporall death Further how can death viz. eternall death Rom. 6.23 be the wages of one sinne and not of another Rom. 6.23 Ob. If Adam had not sinned hee was to enjoy but outward and temporall mercies therefore having sinned his sin could bring him under no other but temporall and outward judgements A. Adam being the (f) Lu 3.38 Son of God and after his owne likenesse doubtlesse did enjoy and was to enjoy had he not sinned the savour and love of God and communion with him which were more then meere temporall and outward mercies On the contrary the losse of these which are (g) Eph. 5.6 Mat. 25.41 two of the greatest and soarest judgements that the damned suffer for ever must needs be more then temporall and outward judgements Q Did Adam by his sinne and disobedience breake the Covenant that was made with Christ before A. No for that Covenant was not given unto Adam before his fall therefore he could not breake that which was not given him to observe Q. Was that Covenant which was made with Jesus Christ before time afterwards made with men A. Yes see Esa 55.3 Jer. 31.31 and 33.20 Eze. 16.8 20.37 Heb. 8.10 Q. Who made that Covenant with men A. God the (h) Hos 2.18 Father (i) Eze. 16.8 Jesus Christ and the (k) Heb. 10.15 16. Spirit Q. When and with whom was that Covenant before made with
his people 1 Christ 2 His Spirit 3 A heart to know and fear him Informing Promises See the Promises made unto the Jewes and Gentiles at large Assuring Promises Esa 41 27. and 42 6. and 49 6. Pro 1 23. Ezek 36 26.27 Jer 24 7. and 32.39 Ezek 36 26. Glad That God will make the hearts of his people glad Informing Promises Psal 92.4 Zeph. 3.14 1 Pet. 4.13 Psal 4.7 and. 97.11 Assuring Promises Psal 14.7 and 53.6 Esa 53.1 10. Zach. 10.7 Esa 51.3 11. Zac. 8.19 Glory That the Lord will give glory to his people Informing Promises Psal 84.11 Esay 24.16 Rom. 2.7 and 8.30 That Christ will come in glory Informing Promises Mat 16.27 and 24.30 and 25.31 Mark 13.26 Ps 102 16. See Christs comming That all men shall see the glory of the Lord. Assuring Promises Psal 67.6 Esa 35.2 That God will make his people to glorifie him Informing Promises Psal 86.9 Esa 44 23. Joh. 21.19 Rom. 15.9 Assuring Promises Psal 50.15 Esa 49.3 Glorifie That God will glorifie his people Assuring Promises Esa 60.7 Jer. 30.19 That Christ will reign in a glorious manner Informing Promises Esa 63.1 and 4.2 Assuring Promises Esa 22.23 and 24.23 Glorious That Christ will make his Church glorious Informing Promises Jer 17.12 Ephe. 5.27 Phil 3.21 Assuring Promises Esa 60.13 and 11.10 God That God will be a God to his people Assuring Promises Levit. 26.12 Jer. 24.7 and 31.32 33. and 32.38 Heb 8.10 Godly To such as are godly Informing Promises Psal 4.3 and 32.6 2 Pet. 2.9 Godlinesse To godlinesse Informing Promises 1 Tim. 4.8 and 6.6 Gold That the Church is precious as gold Informing Promises Psal 68.13 and 45.9 Cant 1.11 Revel 21.18 and 4.4 Assuring Promises Esa 60 17 Good That God is good to his people Informing Promises Psal 73.1 and 34.8 Lam. 3.25 Nahu 1.7 Num. 10.32 Psal 52.1 Esa 63.7 That God is good to all Informing Promises Psal 145.9 Eccle 2.26 Psal 33.5 and 65.11 Rom. 2.4 Gospell That the Gospell should be preached to all Nations Informing Promises Mark 13.10 and 16.15 That the Gospel should be preached to the poore Informing Promises Matth 11.5 Luke 4.18 and 7.22 See Word Preach Governe That Christ should govern his Church yea all the Nations Informing Promises Psal 22.28 and 67.4 See Rule Assuring Promises Mat 2 6. Esa 9 6 7. Grace 1 That God gives grace to men freely Informing Promises Psal 84.11 Rom 12.3 Eph. 4 7. Assuring Promises Zach. 12.10 2 He giveth grace i e more grace to the lowly Informing Promises Prov 3.34 Jam. 4.6.1 Pet. 5.5 3 That men are justified and saved by grace only Informing Promises Rom 4.16 and 11.6 Tit. 3.7 Act 15.11 Eph. 2.7 8. 4 All the good that men have and all the good that men do it is by Gods grace Informing Promises 1 Cor. 15.10 Gal. 1.15 Gracious That Gad is gracious and will bee gracious Informing Promises Exod 22.27 2 Sam 12.22 Job 33.24 Psal 86.15 and 111.4 and 116.5 and 145.8 Joel 2.13 Assuring Promises Exod 33.19 Esa 30.19 Grave 1 That the righteous shall come to their graves in peace Informing Promises Job 5.26 2 King 22.20 2 That they shall be raised out of their graves againe Informing Promises Psal 30.3 Hos 13.14 Joh. 5.58 Great 1 That God will shew great things unto his people Assuring Promises Jer. 33.3 2 That God would make a great nation of Abrahams posterity Assuring Promises Gen. 12.2 and 18.1 and 46.3 Exod. 32.10 Griefe Informing Promises See Esa 53.4 10. Lam. 3.32 Assuring Promises See Affliction Trouble Groanings God beareth the groanings of his people Informing Promises Exod 2.24 and 6.5 Psal 38.9 Judg. 2. Psal 102.20 Act. 7.34 Grow That the godly shall grow in grace Informing Promises Psal 1.3 and 85.7 Prov. 4.18 Jer. 17.8 Assuring Promises Psal 92.12 Hos 14.5 7. Mal. 4.2 Esa 58.11 Jer. 31.12 and 33.14 Matth 13.12 Mark 4.24 Luke 19.26 See Fruitful Strength H Habitation That God will blesse and visit the habitation of the just Informing Promises Prov. 3.33 Assuring Promises Job 5.24 Esa 32 18. Halting Against spirituall balting Assuring Promises Mich 4.6 7. Zeph 3.19 See Lame Hand That God will cover and hide his people in the shaddow of his hand Informing Promises Esa 49.2 and 51.16 Assuring Promises Exod 33.22 That he will uphold them with his hand Informing Promises Psal 37.24 See Vphoid That he will turne his hand upon them Assuring Promises Esa 1.25 Zach. 13.7 Hands That blessings and joy shall be upon the heads of Gods people Informing Promises Prov 106. Esa 35.10 Heale That God heales the spirituall diseases of his people Informing Promises Exod. 15.26 Deut 32.39 Esa 53.5 Hose a 6.1 Matth 10.1 Joh. 12.40 Rev. 22.2 Assuring Promises Esa 57 18. Hos 14 4. Esa 28 8. Jer 30 17. and 33 6. Mal 4 2. Heare That Gods people shall heare Informing Promises Prov 20 12. Assuring Promises Deut 4 10. Esa 29 18. and 30 21. John 5 25. and 10 16. Deu 13 11. and 17.13 Esa 50.4 and 51.4 Hear To those that do hear his word Informing Promises Mark 7.37 Assuring Promises Prov 1.33 and 8.34 Esa 55.3 Mark 4.24 Luk 11.28 Joh 5. 27. Jam 1.25 Rev 3.20 That God will hear his people Informing Promises See Prayer Psal 145.19 and 4.3 and 10.17 and 34.17 and 69.33 Prov 15.29 1 Joh 5.14 Assuring Promises Esa 65.14 Esa 41.17 Zach. 10.6 and 13.9 Exo 22.23 27. Heart That God will give his people 1 A new heart and spirit Assuring Promises Ezek 36.26 and 11.19 2 One heart Assuring Promises Jer 32.39 Ezek. 11.19 A heart to know him Assuring Promises Jer 34.7 Heaven That what is done on earth by the Saints is confirmed in heaven Assuring Promises Mat 16.19 and 18.18 That the godly shall have treasure in heaven Informing Promises Luke 6.23 Mat 5.12 See Saved Assuring Promises Mark 10.21 Heavy That those that are heavy laden in their Souls shall have rest Informing Promises Esa 61.3 Assuring Promises Mat 11.28 Heires That beleevers are heires of heaven Informing Promises Rom 8.17 Gal 3.29 and 4.7 Eph. 3.6 Tit. 3.7 Heb 1.14 Jam 2.5 1 Pet 3.7 Hell See Perish Helpe That God will helpe his people Informing Promises Psal 115.9 2 Chron 32.8 Hosea 13.9 2 Chron 25.8 Psal 37.40 and 46.5 and 116.6 and 118.13 Heb 4.16 Assuring Promises Esa 41.10 13 14. and 44.2 Heritage That Gods people are his heritage Informing Promises 1 Pet 5.3 Ps 94. 5. Joel 3.2 Mich. 7.14 18. Hide That God will not hide his face from his people Informing Promises Psal 41.12 and 67.1 Num. 14.14 Deut 34.10 Assuring Promises Ezek 39.29 and 20.35 High That God doth and will set his people on high Informing Promises Deut 28.1 Psal 107.41 Job 5.11 Assuring Promises Psal 91.14 and 41.13 Holde nup That the godly shall be holden up Informing Promises Psal 119.117 and 139.10 and 71.6 and 73 23. Assuring Promises Rom. 14.4 Psal 33.16 Holy That Gods people shall be holy to him Informing Promises Num 16.7