it_o great_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o solstice_n the_o reflection_n be_v great_a approach_a near_o to_o right_v angle_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o earth_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o why_o the_o heat_n shall_v be_v more_o predominant_a at_o this_o time_n then_o another_o then_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n ascribe_v it_o to_o a_o special_a influence_n of_o the_o dogstar_n be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n many_o other_o instance_n may_v be_v here_o produce_v but_o i_o hold_v it_o needless_a be_v a_o matter_n consent_v to_o among_o most_o philosopher_n the_o second_o point_n concern_v the_o extent_n and_o limitation_n of_o this_o operation_n in_o inferior_a body_n for_o unfold_n of_o which_o point_n we_o must_v know_v that_o this_o operation_n may_v have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o aire_n or_o else_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n reside_v on_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n upon_o the_o elementary_a mass_n experience_n itself_o will_v warrant_v yet_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o this_o operation_n be_v measure_v and_o square_v according_a to_o the_o matter_n whereinto_o it_o be_v receive_v as_o for_o example_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o moon_n more_o operative_a and_o predominant_a in_o moist_a body_n then_o in_o other_o partake_v less_o of_o this_o quality_n likewise_o the_o heat_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n more_o fervent_a where_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v more_o capable_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o country_n be_v find_v hot_a than_o another_o although_o subject_n to_o the_o same_o latitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o howsoever_o the_o action_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o uniform_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o yet_o must_v the_o same_o be_v measure_v and_o limit_v according_a to_o the_o subject_n into_o which_o it_o be_v impress_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v in_o they_o a_o twofold_a nature_n the_o one_o material_a as_o partake_v of_o the_o element_n whereof_o every_o mix_a body_n be_v compound_v the_o other_o spiritual_a as_o that_o of_o the_o soul_n the_o former_a we_o can_v exempt_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o as_o much_o as_o every_o physician_n can_v tell_v how_o much_o the_o humour_n and_o part_n of_o our_o body_n be_v stir_v by_o celestial_a influence_n especial_o by_o the_o moon_n according_a to_o who_o change_n our_o body_n daily_o undergo_v a_o alteration_n for_o the_o humane_a soul_n how_o far_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o star_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n yet_o may_v we_o in_o some_o sort_n clear_v the_o doubt_n by_o this_o one_o distinction_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o operation_n upon_o the_o soul_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o immediate_o by_o itself_o second_o mediate_o by_o the_o humour_n and_o corporeal_a organ_n whereof_o the_o soul_n operation_n depend_v the_o first_o we_o absolute_o deny_v for_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o immaterial_a substance_n can_v be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o a_o material_a agent_n as_o philosopher_n affirm_v for_o the_o second_o it_o may_v be_v grant_v without_o any_o absurdity_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o soul_n depend_v mere_o on_o material_a and_o corporeal_a organ_n the_o elementary_a matter_n whereof_o these_o organ_n consist_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o any_o other_o elementary_a matter_n so_o that_o we_o may_v affirm_v the_o heaven_n in_o some_o sort_n to_o govern_v man_n mind_n and_o disposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o bodily_a instrument_n but_o here_o we_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o infer_v a_o necessity_n another_o thing_n to_o give_v a_o inclination_n the_o former_a we_o can_v absolute_o aver_v for_o as_o much_o as_o man_n will_n which_o be_v the_o commandress_n of_o his_o action_n be_v absolute_o free_a not_o subject_a to_o any_o natural_a necessity_n or_o external_a coaction_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o deny_v a_o certain_a inclination_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n be_v too_o much_o indulgent_a unto_o the_o body_n by_o who_o motion_n it_o be_v rather_o persuade_v then_o command_v the_o three_o point_n we_o have_v in_o hand_n be_v to_o show_v how_o many_o way_n the_o heaven_n by_o their_o operation_n can_v affect_v and_o dispose_v a_o place_n on_o the_o earth_n here_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o variable_a or_o inuariable_a the_o variable_a i_o call_v that_o which_o be_v vary_a according_a to_o the_o season_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n by_o his_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o heat_n produce_v summer_n or_o winter_n spring_n or_o autumn_n which_o operation_n depend_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a line_n wherein_o he_o come_v sometime_o near_o unto_o we_o sometime_o go_v fâ—rther_o from_o our_o vertical_a point_n the_o inuariable_a i_o call_v that_o whereby_o the_o same_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n put_v aside_o other_o cause_n and_o circumstance_n for_o how_o soever_o every_o region_n be_v subject_a to_o these_o four_o change_n to_o wit_n summer_n winter_n spring_n and_o autumn_n yet_o may_v the_o same_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n one_o year_n as_o it_o do_v another_o without_o any_o great_a alteration_n and_o this_o depend_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o any_o place_n near_o or_o far_o of_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o extraordinary_a operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n depend_v from_o some_o extraordinary_a combination_n or_o concourse_n of_o planet_n particular_o affect_v some_o special_a place_n whence_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v probable_o show_v why_o some_o place_n shall_v some_o â—eeres_n prove_v extraordinary_a fruitful_a other_o time_n degenerate_a again_o to_o barrenness_n or_o why_o it_o shall_v sometime_o be_v molest_v with_o too_o much_o drought_n and_o other_o time_n with_o too_o much_o moisture_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o other_o consideration_n as_o more_o appertain_v to_o a_o astrologer_n than_o a_o geographer_n we_o will_v here_o only_o fasten_v on_o the_o inuariable_a operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n on_o earthly_a place_n and_o search_v how_o far_o forth_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v vary_v in_o their_o temper_n &_o quality_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n take_v only_a notice_n of_o the_o diurnal_a and_o ordinary_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o course_n herein_o shall_v we_o find_v no_o small_a variety_n not_o only_o in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o which_o we_o shall_v more_o special_o declare_v the_o former_a in_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o in_o due_a place_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o material_a constitution_n and_o manner_n of_o diverse_a nation_n 2_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o place_n may_v be_v divide_v two_o way_n first_o into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n second_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n 3_o any_o place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o arctic_a pole_n southern_a betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o antarcticke-pole_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v northern_a lie_v towards_o the_o northern_a or_o arctic_a pole_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o other_o pole_n be_v call_v the_o southern_a but_o here_o to_o clear_v all_o doubt_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a or_o southern_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o respective_o absolute_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n be_v term_v when_o they_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a hemisphere_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o this_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v respective_o northern_a may_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o region_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v situate_a near_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n in_o the_o first_o place_n here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o take_v to_o be_v either_o north_n or_o south_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v particular_o note_v these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_a general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n we_o have_v former_o grant_v to_o
the_o concavity_n and_o hollowgaping_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v everywhere_a choke_v and_o fill_v up_o with_o water_n who_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a and_o therefore_o help_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n to_o accomplish_v &_o perfect_v this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n these_o reason_n out_o of_o common_a experience_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o first_o be_v drawn-from_a the_o part_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o we_o may_v everywhere_a observe_v that_o a_o portion_n of_o earth_n and_o another_o of_o water_n be_v let_v fall_v will_v descend_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n towards_o the_o same_o centre_n whence_o we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n have_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o by_o a_o consequence_n conspire_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n second_o to_o a_o like_a arch_n or_o space_n in_o the_o heaven_n be_v find_v answerable_a alike_o arch_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n whether_o it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n which_o can_v not_o happen_v be_v they_o not_o account_v part_n of_o the_o same_o sphere_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n shadow_v &_o obscure_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v one_o spherical_a or_o round-figure_n this_o shadow_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o astronomer_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n intercept_n the_o sunbeam_n which_o shall_v illuminate_v the_o moon_n and_o the_o shadow_n imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o they_o arise_v but_o in_o the_o eclipse_n we_o find_v only_o the_o shadow_n of_o one_o body_n or_o sphere_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n we_o may_v conclude_v the_o body_n whereof_o such_o a_o shadow_n proceed_v to_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n 8_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v the_o natural_a harmony_n or_o order_n arise_v from_o the_o part_n work_v together_o we_o ought_v here_o to_o remember_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n concur_v together_o to_o make_v one_o terrestrial_a sphere_n wherefore_o the_o whole_a be_v account_v one_o coacernate_v and_o collect_v body_n make_v of_o two_o other_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v a_o internal_a essential_a and_o specifical_a form_n such_o as_o aristotle_n recount_v among_o the_o principle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n but_o only_o such_o a_o one_o as_o in_o itself_o be_v external_a and_o accidental_a yet_o concur_v as_o it_o be_v essential_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n who_o fabric_n and_o first_o composition_n can_v well_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o some_o have_v imagine_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v inform_v with_o one_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n which_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o affinity_n with_o that_o of_o plato_n concern_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n not_o that_o plato_n and_o his_o follower_n be_v so_o absurd_a to_o defend_v that_o the_o world_n with_o all_o his_o part_n be_v animate_v with_o a_o true_a vital_a soul_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n but_o that_o all_o the_o member_n of_o it_o be_v unite_v together_o quicken_v and_o dispose_v by_o a_o certain_a energeticall_a power_n or_o virtue_n which_o have_v great_a resemblance_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o embrace_v by_o our_o late_a magnetical_a philosopher_n who_o opinion_n we_o shall_v discuss_v and_o examine_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n ground_v our_o discourse_n on_o know_v principle_n we_o can_v admit_v no_o other_o form_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o mutual_a harmony_n order_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v together_o and_o work_v the_o perfection_n &_o perpetuation_n of_o the_o whole_a a_o fit_a resemblance_n whereof_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o a_o artificial_a clock_n mill_n or_o such_o like_a great_a engine_n wherein_o every_o part_n due_o perform_v its_o own_o office_n there_o will_v arise_v and_o result_v a_o natural_a harmony_n which_o not_o unapt_o may_v be_v term_v the_o form_n of_o the_o whole_a engine_n why_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o a_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n sundry_a reason_n have_v be_v allege_v by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n first_o because_o nature_n never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n in_o vain_a or_o without_o a_o determinate_a end_n but_o the_o particular_a form_n of_o special_a body_n say_v these_o philosopher_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o unity_n and_o conformation_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o to_o grant_v a_o universal_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v to_o multiply_v cause_n without_o any_o necessity_n &_o make_v nature_n the_o mother_n of_o superfluity_n which_o to_o all_o philosopher_n seem_v most_o absurd_a second_o if_o this_o be_v admit_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v as_o one_o continuate_a body_n who_o part_n shall_v as_o it_o be_v suffer_v a_o fellow-feeling_n one_o of_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v to_o what_o kind_n such_o a_o form_n may_v be_v reduce_v whether_o animate_v or_o inanimate_a if_o inanimate_a whether_o it_o be_v simple_a or_o compound_v if_o animate_v whether_o vegetative_a sensitive_a or_o rational_a under_o the_o which_o be_v couch_v many_o great_a difficulty_n as_o yet_o undisclose_v whether_o these_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n to_o overthrow_v the_o adverse_a opinion_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o further_a inquiry_n intend_v here_o a_o geographical_a not_o a_o physical_a discourse_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o in_o the_o former_a we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n aswell_o in_o matter_n as_o form_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o affection_n and_o propriety_n as_o necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o such_o a_o constitution_n 2._o those_o affection_n or_o propriety_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n real_a or_o imaginary_a real_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o nature_n imaginary_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o understanding_n 3_o again_o the_o affection_n real_o or_o natural_o agree_v to_o the_o terrene_a sphere_n be_v assign_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o these_o affection_n be_v say_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o itself_o which_o may_v be_v express_v and_o understand_v without_o any_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o the_o celestial_a body_n 5_o these_o again_o be_v twofold_a either_o elementary_a or_o magnetical_a elementary_a i_o term_v such_o as_o have_v common_o be_v know_v or_o observe_v by_o ordinary_a philosopher_n here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n in_o the_o make_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o concinnity_n and_o apt_a conspiration_n of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v this_o conformity_n be_v diverse_a and_o manifold_a as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o part_n conform_v themselves_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o conformity_n we_o shall_v particular_o and_o distinct_o treat_v of_o so_o far_o as_o appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o tax_v some_o defect_n in_o most_o of_o our_o common_a cosmographer_n who_o take_v the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o grant_v supposition_n be_v nothing_o curious_a to_o search_v into_o the_o first_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o rotundity_n whereby_o it_o first_o become_v a_o globous_a body_n and_o afterward_o retain_v in_o itself_o a_o natural_a vigour_n or_o power_n if_o any_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a right_n and_o perfection_n all_o which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a &_o profitable_a to_o give_v a_o industrious_a learner_n some_o satisfaction_n to_o explain_v this_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particular_n we_o will_v lay_v this_o ground_n and_o theorem_a 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o aswell_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n albeit_o as_o we_o have_v show_v it_o be_v external_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n yet_o may_v
it_o will_v lift_v up_o much_o great_a and_o heavy_a weight_n which_o experiment_n be_v sufficient_a to_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n that_o this_o declination_n be_v cause_v only_o by_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conversive_a virtue_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n 3_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n that_o in_o the_o magnetical_a direction_n there_o be_v find_v a_o irregularity_n or_o variation_n have_v be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o artificer_n instrument_n the_o like_a irregularity_n be_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o declination_n which_o make_v magnetical_a instrument_n and_o experiment_n more_o subject_a to_o error_n and_o imperfection_n the_o variation_n of_o declination_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n betwixt_o the_o true_a and_o apparent_a declination_n the_o cause_n hereof_o be_v only_o to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o unequal_a temper_n of_o magnetical_a part_n in_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o in_o the_o direction_n magnetical_a body_n be_v draw_v and_o wrest_v from_o the_o true_a meridian_n by_o the_o eminent_a and_o more_o vigorous_a force_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o side_n overrule_a the_o other_o so_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n the_o conversion_n somewhat_o increase_v decline_v sometime_o beyond_o his_o natural_a site_n and_o conformity_n this_o may_v cause_v a_o error_n but_o not_o of_o any_o great_a moment_n sometime_o when_o there_o be_v no_o variation_n or_o direction_n at_o all_o in_o the_o horizon_n there_o may_v be_v a_o variation_n or_o declination_n to_o wit_n either_o when_o the_o more_o eminent_a and_o strong_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v just_a under_o the_o meridian_n or_o when_o these_o part_n be_v more_o impotent_a than_o the_o general_a nature_n require_v or_o else_o when_o the_o magnetical_a vigour_n be_v too_o much_o increase_v on_o one_o side_n and_o diminish_v on_o the_o other_o as_o we_o may_v behold_v in_o the_o vast_a ocean_n chap._n four_o of_o the_o totall_n 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which_o mystery_n not_o know_v of_o the_o ancient_n for_o want_n of_o former_a observation_n have_v show_v itself_o to_o our_o time_n be_v enrich_v not_o only_o with_o their_o but_o our_o own_o experiment_n according_a to_o this_o opinion_n of_o dominicus_n maria_n the_o north_n pole_n shall_v be_v elevate_v high_a than_o it_o be_v and_o the_o latitude_n of_o region_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o they_o be_v but_o to_o this_o opinion_n we_o will_v oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o stadius_n which_o hold_v that_o the_o latitude_n of_o region_n have_v be_v decrease_v and_o diminish_v from_o that_o they_o have_v have_v in_o ptolemy_n without_o any_o such_o regular_a increment_n or_o decrement_n which_o he_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o many_o observation_n as_o for_o example_n the_o latitude_n of_o rome_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n be_v 41_o degree_n â…”_n part_n but_o by_o new_a observation_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v 41_o degree_n ½_o part_n out_o of_o which_o we_o may_v well_o conjecture_v that_o ptolemy_n observation_n be_v not_o always_o exact_o true_a be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n such_o as_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o hipparchus_n and_o not_o examine_v himself_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o many_o city_n in_o europe_n where_o he_o miss_v sometime_o 2_o sometime_o 3_o degree_n wherefore_o no_o judicious_a geographer_n will_v upon_o such_o imperfect_a observation_n and_o uncertain_a conjecture_n bring_v in_o a_o new_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o overthrow_v that_o magnetical_a harmony_n and_o consistency_n corroborate_v with_o so_o many_o and_o sure_a demonâ—trations_n this_o may_v serve_v to_o answer_v a_o certain_a tenâ—nt_n of_o vasquez_n the_o jesuite_n and_o some_o other_o who_o imagine_v the_o centre_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v up_o and_o down_o by_o a_o certain_a motion_n of_o liberation_n the_o argument_n on_o which_o they_o will_v ground_v their_o assertion_n be_v 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into_o another_o place_n as_o man_n beast_n and_o bird_n which_o move_v from_o one_o place_n unto_o another_o nothing_o be_v here_o of_o more_o moment_n than_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n by_o continual_a ebb_a and_o flow_v suffer_v such_o a_o sensible_a change_n of_o addition_n and_o diminution_n that_o no_o man_n can_v imagine_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o centre_n shall_v always_o be_v equal_o counterpoise_v but_o the_o weight_n on_o one_o side_n shall_v be_v predominant_a unto_o the_o other_o and_o so_o drive_v the_o centre_n from_o his_o former_a place_n this_o argument_n blancanus_n 2._o another_o late_a jesuite_n leave_v altogether_o unanswered_a either_o imagine_v it_o too_o strong_a or_o out_o of_o a_o combine_a faction_n of_o their_o own_o society_n unwilling_a to_o contradict_v his_o fellow_n and_o indeed_o shall_v we_o consider_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o
his_o elementary_a constitution_n this_o reason_n will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o a_o solid_a answer_n for_o howsoever_o in_o the_o vast_a frame_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o addition_n or_o subtraction_n of_o some_o part_n will_v make_v but_o a_o insensible_a difference_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v deny_v but_o the_o least_o weight_n whatsoever_o add_v or_o subtract_v will_v turn_v it_o from_o its_o equall-poyze_a nevertheless_o this_o i_o hold_v too_o absurd_a for_o a_o christian_n to_o believe_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o contradict_v the_o sense_n of_o holy_a scripture_n 104._o which_o aver_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v so_o settle_v on_o her_o foundation_n that_o she_o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v remove_v or_o shake_v which_o motion_n as_o shall_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o second_o theorem_a i_o take_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o trepidation_n of_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o pole_n which_o by_o a_o metaphor_n be_v term_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o of_o the_o circular_a motion_n as_o some_o have_v labour_v to_o wrest_v it_o wherefore_o nothing_o be_v here_o leave_v we_o to_o satisfy_v this_o doubt_n but_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o his_o magnetical_a verticity_n whereby_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n endow_v with_o a_o magnetical_a vigour_n and_o overswaying_a the_o elementary_a ponderosity_n of_o the_o earthly_a part_n be_v as_o it_o be_v so_o fast_o bind_v to_o respect_v the_o same_o point_n or_o pole_n in_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o centre_n can_v no_o way_n be_v shake_v or_o move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n 3_o the_o magnetical_a revolution_n be_v a_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v round_o aristotle_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la make_v 3_o kind_n of_o simple_a motion_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o deduce_v the_o number_n of_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o be_v the_o motion_n from_o the_o centre_n such_o as_o be_v of_o fire_n and_o air_n and_o all_o light_a body_n the_o second_o to_o the_o centre_n such_o as_o be_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o three_o be_v round_o about_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_n which_o he_o ascribe_v to_o the_o heaven_n so_o that_o if_o this_o ground_n be_v true_a the_o earth_n can_v challenge_v to_o itself_o no_o other_o than_o the_o right_a motion_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a return_v to_o it_o again_o but_o this_o opinion_n although_o popular_a and_o plausible_a have_v be_v contradict_v as_o well_o by_o ancient_a philosopher_n as_o modern_a for_o by_o long_a experience_n and_o diligent_a observation_n they_o have_v find_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o star-like_a vigour_n whereby_o she_o may_v have_v all_o her_o part_n unite_v together_o by_o reason_n of_o her_o gravity_n unto_o the_o centre_n and_o her_o place_n make_v sure_a by_o her_o magnetical_a pole_n move_v natural_o upon_o her_o own_o pole_n at_o least_o if_o so_o be_v she_o claim_v no_o other_o motion_n this_o opinion_n first_o blosome_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v in_o the_o school_n of_o pythagoras_n be_v cherish_v by_o heraclides_fw-la ponticus_n and_o ecphantus_n two_o famous_a pythagorean_n to_o which_o afterward_o join_v themselves_o nicetus_n syracusanus_fw-la and_o aristarchus_n samius_n all_o which_o have_v undertake_v to_o defend_v that_o the_o earth_n move_v circular_o and_o that_o this_o circumgyration_n of_o the_o earth_n cause_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n as_o well_o as_o of_o other_o star_n although_o in_o the_o manner_n they_o have_v not_o express_v themselves_o alike_o have_v enjoy_v as_o yet_o scarce_o the_o first_o dawn_n of_o knowledge_n but_o all_o this_o while_n philosophy_n content_v herself_o with_o the_o acquaintance_n of_o a_o few_o choice_a friend_n not_o dare_v to_o prostitute_v her_o treasure_n to_o popularity_n but_o when_o it_o happen_v in_o after_o time_n that_o she_o be_v teach_v the_o language_n of_o the_o vulgar_a and_o speak_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o each_o mechanic_n she_o soon_o contract_v some_o stain_n and_o square_v herself_o rather_o to_o please_v the_o most_o than_o the_o best_a thus_o the_o multitude_n as_o a_o vast_a torrent_n prevail_v against_o the_o learned_a and_o cast_v into_o exile_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o their_o ignorance_n be_v ready_a to_o censure_v then_o understand_v yet_o be_v not_o the_o seed_n of_o this_o philosophy_n quite_o extinct_a but_o as_o forget_v for_o a_o time_n until_o there_o arise_v copernicus_n a_o man_n of_o incomparable_a wit_n who_o quicken_v and_o reviue_v it_o to_o his_o everlasting_a praise_n and_o our_o profit_n i_o will_v not_o here_o be_v mistake_v as_o though_o i_o strong_o apprehend_v these_o ground_n and_o reject_v all_o the_o principle_n of_o our_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n i_o only_o inveigh_v against_o their_o prejudicate_a ignorance_n which_o ready_a to_o lick_v up_o the_o dust_n under_o aristotle_n foot_n with_o a_o supercilious_a look_n contemn_v all_o other_o learning_n as_o though_o no_o flower_n of_o science_n can_v grow_v in_o another_o garden_n i_o confess_v this_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o many_o and_o great_a exception_n and_o oppose_v by_o strong_a and_o weighty_a argument_n draw_v probable_o from_o the_o book_n of_o god_n the_o touchstone_n of_o sincere_a verity_n yet_o i_o hold_v it_o too_o strong_o fortify_v to_o be_v invade_v by_o popular_a argument_n draw_v from_o seem_a sense_n and_o bolster_v up_o with_o name_n and_o authority_n for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o confess_v not_o absolute_a subscription_n to_o this_o opinion_n yet_o can_v i_o not_o convenient_o leave_v it_o out_o because_o have_v undertake_v to_o insert_v this_o magnetical_a tract_n i_o will_v not_o willing_o mangle_v it_o in_o any_o part_n but_o show_v it_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o judicious_a who_o herein_o may_v use_v their_o philosophical_a liberty_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o they_o please_v if_o these_o ground_n seem_v true_a they_o will_v find_v acceptance_n if_o otherwise_o it_o can_v indamage_v truth_n to_o know_v her_o adversary_n wherefore_o i_o think_v no_o man_n will_v take_v it_o amiss_o that_o i_o insert_v this_o follow_a theorem_a 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n copernicus_n ascribe_v three_o motion_n to_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n about_o her_o own_o axle_n make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o diurnal_a the_o second_o be_v yearly_a wherein_o the_o centre_n itself_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v from_o west_n to_o east_n describe_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o sign_n the_o three_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o declination_n perform_v in_o a_o annual_a revolution_n reflect_v against_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n for_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o convertible_a nature_n whereas_o if_o it_o shall_v remain_v fix_v there_o will_v appear_v no_o inequality_n of_o day_n and_o night_n spring_n autumn_n summer_n or_o winter_n i_o will_v not_o here_o curious_o distinguish_v the_o difference_n limit_n and_o period_n of_o these_o three_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o skilful_a astronomer_n to_o who_o proper_o it_o appertain_v it_o be_v enough_o for_o i_o to_o show_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v challenge_v to_o itself_o a_o circular_a motion_n in_o prosecution_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v labour_v chief_o to_o establish_v that_o first_o motion_n which_o be_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n about_o her_o own_o axis_fw-la which_o be_v the_o easy_a both_o to_o believe_v and_o understand_v that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o express_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o will_v labour_v to_o prove_v these_o two_o point_n 1_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v consonant_a to_o reason_n 2_o that_o it_o no_o way_n contradict_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n the_o former_a assertion_n we_o will_v again_o divide_v into_o 3_o article_n 1_o that_o the_o motion_n which_o we_o seek_v to_o establish_v in_o the_o earth_n can_v without_o much_o absurdity_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n second_o that_o it_o no_o way_n contradict_v to_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o three_o that_o the_o argument_n produce_v against_o this_o opinion_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a but_o may_v be_v answer_v with_o probability_n first_o therefore_o find_v the_o daily_a rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n to_o arise_v from_o some_o motion_n we_o be_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a subject_n of_o this_o motion_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o all_o that_o this_o subject_n must_v be_v the_o heaven_n which_o be_v carry_v in_o 24_o hour_n from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o the_o
down_o for_o a_o axiom_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n have_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n yet_o be_v absolute_o understand_v without_o any_o limitation_n will_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n false_a for_o it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o new_a perspicil_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n simple_a in_o nature_n if_o we_o believe_v aristotelean_n have_v at_o least_o a_o double_a motion_n the_o one_o upon_o their_o own_o pole_n less_o than_o diurnal_a the_o other_o of_o their_o centre_n which_o be_v move_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n upon_o other_o pole_n familiar_o know_v unto_o astronomer_n the_o peripatetic_n here_o seek_v a_o evasion_n by_o distinguish_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n into_o a_o proper_a or_o natural_a and_o accidental_a or_o mutuaticious_a but_o this_o answer_n come_v not_o home_n to_o this_o present_a question_n first_o because_o these_o two_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n will_v easy_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v natural_a and_o without_o violence_n or_o restraint_n second_o because_o in_o this_o answer_n they_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o diverse_a orb_n section_n and_o conâ—amerations_n which_o late_a astronomer_n upon_o better_a experience_n have_v deride_v or_o at_o least_o omit_v as_o hypothesis_n or_o supposition_n to_o settle_v imagination_n rather_o than_o real_a or_o true_a ground_n if_o they_o will_v understand_v this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n shall_v challenge_v one_o simple_a motion_n of_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n it_o may_v perhaps_o obtain_v some_o credit_n but_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n join_v to_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o circular_a motion_n also_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o a_o planet_n about_o his_o own_o axle_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n itself_o about_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v diverse_a kind_n and_o therefore_o no_o way_n 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shall_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n or_o that_o the_o part_n shall_v be_v separate_v &_o distract_v one_o from_o the_o other_o or_o that_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v change_v and_o alter_v the_o first_o can_v touch_v our_o assertion_n because_o in_o this_o place_n we_o affirm_v not_o that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v turn_v round_o upon_o her_o own_o centre_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n which_o hold_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v censure_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o motion_n can_v be_v separate_v or_o disunit_a one_o from_o the_o other_o first_o because_o all_o the_o part_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o whole_a by_o their_o natural_a gravity_n that_o if_o by_o chance_n they_o shall_v be_v separate_v they_o will_v natural_o return_v 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as_o a_o giant_n to_o run_v his_o course_n 6_o his_o go_v forth_o be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o his_o circuit_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o hide_v from_o the_o heat_n thereof_o out_o of_o which_o word_n the_o heaven_n shall_v seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o motion_n which_o we_o have_v give_v unto_o the_o earth_n to_o this_o we_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o although_o this_o may_v oppugn_v copernicus_n his_o opinion_n that_o the_o sun_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o may_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o our_o assertion_n who_o allow_v the_o sun_n his_o several_a motion_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whether_o those_o word_n of_o the_o psalm_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a or_o periodicke_a motion_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o decide_v the_o scripture_n not_o specify_v express_o either_o 2_o we_o may_v answer_v with_o the_o copernicân_n that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a place_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v willing_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o weak_a of_o man_n capacity_n and_o not_o to_o trouble_v man_n conceit_n with_o such_o matter_n as_o to_o vulgar_a judgement_n may_v seem_v unlikely_a or_o improbable_a the_o like_a analogy_n of_o speech_n may_v we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n where_o the_o moon_n be_v call_v one_o of_o the_o great_a light_n in_o regard_n of_o her_o appearance_n be_v notwithstanding_o one_o of_o the_o least_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v probable_a i_o promise_v no_o more_o &_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v perform_v no_o less_o i_o never_o hold_v it_o a_o article_n of_o my_o faith_n to_o defend_v the_o one_o or_o oppugn_v the_o other_o and_o therefore_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o free_a judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o he_o please_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o of_o terrestrial_a affection_n which_o agree_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n these_o be_v chief_o three_o 1_o the_o site_n 2_o the_o stability_n 3_o the_o proportion_n 2_o the_o site_n be_v the_o local_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o hard_a and_o almost_o impossible_a task_n for_o any_o man_n to_o reconcile_v that_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n with_o the_o ground_n of_o common_a geographer_n which_o hold_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o be_v settle_v and_o fix_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v copernicus_n will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o stand_v still_o as_o the_o fix_a centre_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o he_o betwixt_o mars_n and_o venus_n which_o seem_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o former_a opinion_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n entire_o take_v and_o understand_v stand_v altogether_o opposite_a to_o these_o our_o ground_n yet_o may_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o aught_o i_o yet_o know_v be_v well_o reconcile_v with_o their_o opinion_n which_o hold_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o circular_a revolution_n we_o give_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o as_o that_o of_o the_o star_n which_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o a_o turn_n of_o itself_o in_o its_o own_o place_n upon_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axletree_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o mill_n or_o such_o a_o like_a engine_n fix_v in_o one_o place_n be_v turn_v upon_o his_o own_o axle_n so_o that_o the_o motion_n we_o there_o understand_v be_v only_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o 24_o hour_n make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n the_o other_o two_o motion_n mention_v by_o copernicus_n may_v be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o heaven_n and_o leave_v to_o astronomer_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o entire_o embrace_v not_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n be_v chief_o two_o first_o because_o it_o seem_v too_o harsh_a and_o dissonant_n in_o nature_n to_o make_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o body_n subject_a to_o so_o many_o motion_n especial_o such_o as_o by_o common_a philosopher_n be_v deny_v all_o motion_n second_o because_o the_o other_o motion_n grant_v to_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n god_n willing_a sufficient_o 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of_o motion_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o open_v i_o will_v set_v down_o their_o theorem_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n to_o understand_v aright_o this_o proposition_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o a_o centre_n may_v be_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o geometrical_o or_o optical_o in_o geometry_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o imaginary_a point_n conceive_v in_o a_o magnitude_n devoyde_a of_o all_o quantity_n yet_o bound_v and_o termine_v all_o magnitude_n optical_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n because_o to_o the_o fight_v it_o may_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o a_o point_n in_o which_o last_o sense_n we_o may_v call_v the_o earth_n the_o centre_n for_o although_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o great_a and_o massy_a substance_n yet_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o demonstrate_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n this_o greatness_n will_v vanish_v into_o nothing_o for_o if_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o the_o firmament_n shall_v behold_v it_o it_o will_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o small_a point_n this_o be_v declare_v we_o will_v produce_v these_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o centre_n i_o say_v not_o of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n for_o some_o star_n be_v move_v upon_o their_o own_o centre_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a heavenly_a machine_n be_v collective_o take_v as_o one_o body_n the_o first_o argument_n be_v of_o aristotle_n take_v from_o the_o gravity_n or_o natural_a inclination_n of_o all_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n the_o earth_n say_v he_o be_v a_o heavy_a &_o massy_a body_n must_v needs_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n which_o be_v far_a off_o from_o the_o heaven_n but_o this_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o centre_n or_o midst_n point_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o argument_n by_o other_o be_v more_o subtle_o urge_v in_o this_o manner_n suppose_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o many_o part_n equal_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n and_o figure_n which_o part_v so_o divide_v be_v place_v in_o diverse_a place_n under_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_o leave_v to_o themselves_o to_o move_v according_a to_o their_o natural_a inclination_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o their_o part_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n weight_n quantity_n and_o figure_n will_v descend_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n &_o in_o the_o same_o equal_a time_n to_o the_o same_o place_n which_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n happen_v except_o they_o shall_v concur_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o this_o reason_n for_o aught_o i_o understand_v be_v only_o probable_a and_o
nature_n wherein_o the_o star_n move_v in_o circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n as_o by_o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o the_o position_n and_o obliquity_n of_o the_o zodiac_n because_o it_o can_v be_v avoid_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v either_o incline_v to_o or_o decline_v from_o the_o pole_n if_o they_o shall_v object_v as_o many_o do_v that_o this_o progress_n be_v not_o proportional_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o time_n according_a to_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o astronomer_n we_o answer_v 1._o that_o this_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o shall_v rather_o seem_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n of_o such_o as_o take_v these_o observation_n then_o to_o any_o diversity_n of_o motion_n for_o who_o know_v not_o in_o these_o day_n of_o we_o wherein_o this_o art_n be_v arrive_v at_o a_o far_o great_a perfection_n diverse_a astronomer_n in_o observe_v the_o same_o star_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o differ_v much_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o who_o knowledge_n notwithstanding_o be_v fortify_v with_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o invention_n of_o new_a instrument_n what_o then_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o those_o which_o distant_a so_o many_o age_n in_o time_n and_o use_v diverse_a &_o unlike_a instrument_n in_o their_o observation_n have_v differ_v in_o matter_n of_o so_o small_a moment_n chief_o in_o seek_v out_o the_o period_n of_o this_o long_a and_o slow_a motion_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o slowness_n since_o the_o time_n it_o be_v know_v to_o man_n have_v not_o run_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o his_o circle_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o error_n of_o their_o observation_n then_o multiply_v orb_n without_o a_o great_a cause_n first_o because_o as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a and_o almost_o insensible_a 2._o because_o we_o have_v be_v teach_v by_o our_o astronomical_a history_n what_o kind_n of_o instrument_n be_v then_o in_o use_n which_o to_o late_a astronomer_n have_v be_v think_v too_o rude_a and_o unfit_a to_o make_v such_o subtle_a observation_n last_o concern_v the_o site_n and_o position_n no_o less_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v out_o of_o our_o hypothesis_n than_o the_o common_a way_n for_o by_o place_v the_o five_o planet_n to_o run_v in_o their_o epicycle_n about_o the_o sun_n may_v we_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n wherein_o a_o ingenious_a mind_n in_o our_o common_a ground_n can_v hardly_o give_v himself_o sufficient_a satisfaction_n 3_o the_o stability_n be_v a_o affection_n whereby_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v firm_o settle_v in_o his_o proper_a place_n the_o stability_n or_o firmness_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o here_o understand_v 1._o no_o way_n deny_v or_o contradict_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o be_v separate_v they_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a place_n 2._o neither_o the_o circular_a revolution_n of_o it_o on_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axle_n whereof_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v but_o either_o such_o a_o motion_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v sever_v one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a mass_n dissolve_v or_o whereby_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v move_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o their_o true_a verticity_n whereby_o they_o shall_v not_o respect_v always_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o point_n or_o pole_n which_o kind_n of_o stability_n from_o motion_n we_o will_v establish_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n this_o theorem_a may_v be_v prove_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o authority_n of_o holy_a scripture_n from_o reason_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o earth_n shall_v not_o be_v settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n this_o will_v of_o necessity_n happen_v either_o by_o dissolution_n and_o separation_n of_o the_o part_v one_o from_o the_o other_o or_o by_o remove_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o their_o fix_a place_n or_o else_o by_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o the_o first_o can_v be_v admit_v because_o as_o we_o have_v before_o teach_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n all_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o inclination_n or_o ponderosity_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o by_o this_o coherency_n and_o conformity_n the_o whole_a earth_n be_v ransom_v from_o any_o such_o mutability_n neither_o can_v the_o whole_a sphere_n be_v dissolve_v without_o a_o especial_a miracle_n and_o if_o so_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o part_n will_v return_v again_o and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o compose_v the_o same_o sphere_n likewise_o the_o second_o way_n the_o earth_n can_v loose_v her_o stability_n because_o as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a chapter_n the_o earth_n have_v she_o two_o pole_n magnetical_a make_v fast_o unto_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v firm_o to_o two_o great_a pillar_n never_o to_o be_v shake_v final_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n any_o wise_a because_o as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o chapter_n before_o without_o the_o disturbance_n and_o inversion_n of_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o nature_n the_o earth_n can_v have_v no_o other_o place_n then_o the_o centre_n or_o midst_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n some_o have_v allege_v as_o a_o argument_n that_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n can_v have_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n and_o therefore_o the_o earth_n challenge_v to_o itself_o a_o right_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n can_v also_o have_v a_o circular_a or_o round_a motion_n and_o so_o of_o necessity_n must_v rest_v unmoved_a in_o her_o proper_a place_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v weak_a to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n first_o because_o this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n be_v not_o ground_v on_o certainty_n but_o contradict_v experience_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 2._o this_o right_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o immediate_a subject_n but_o to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o separate_v from_o the_o whole_a so_o that_o nothing_o will_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o whole_a globe_n may_v have_v a_o motion_n proper_a to_o itself_o on_o his_o own_o pole_n but_o to_o let_v this_o reason_n pass_v as_o weak_a all_o those_o argument_n allege_v by_o the_o common_a astronomer_n and_o philosopher_n against_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n prove_v indeed_o no_o other_o matter_n then_o this_o stability_n which_o we_o establish_v but_o if_o rack_v any_o far_a come_v short_a to_o satisfy_v for_o authority_n of_o scripture_n many_o place_n be_v urge_v to_o prove_v this_o stability_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o pregnant_a place_n in_o 104_o psalm_n wherein_o david_n magnify_v the_o creator_n say_v that_o he_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o sure_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v move_v at_o any_o time_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v many_o other_o text_n but_o that_o i_o hold_v this_o one_o sufficient_a in_o a_o matter_n which_o few_o man_n call_v in_o question_n we_o be_v in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o heavenly_a body_n 4_o the_o proportion_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o must_v here_o remember_v a_o distinction_n before_o touch_v that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o absolute_o in_o itself_o or_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o consider_v it_o absolute_o in_o itself_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o vast_a and_o huge_a magnitude_n and_o not_o any_o way_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o point_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n and_o therefore_o subject_a to_o division_n whereas_o a_o point_n be_v conceive_v as_o a_o indivisible_a signeadmit_v no_o part_n at_o all_o sâ—condly_o because_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n many_o time_n take_v will_v measure_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o we_o may_v observe_v by_o astronomer_n who_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o great_a star_n by_o diameter_n and_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o a_o point_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n multiply_v will_v never_o beget_v a_o magnitude_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o any_o body_n three_o the_o star_n be_v not_o
expression_n and_o manner_n of_o description_n of_o region_n aswell_o in_o the_o find_n out_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n as_o translation_n of_o place_n former_o find_v out_o into_o the_o globe_n or_o chart._n chap._n 4._o special_a which_o contain_v the_o distinction_n of_o a_o place_n into_o sea_n who_o description_n be_v call_v hydrography_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o internal_a which_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n of_o it_o with_o the_o land_n here_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n chap._n 5._o 2_o the_o motion_n natural_a and_o violent_a chap._n 6._o comparative_a which_o concern_v the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n 7._o external_a which_o concern_v sea-trafficke_n and_o merchandise_n chap._n 8._o land_n which_o we_o term_v pedography_n who_o accident_n be_v either_o natural_a which_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a such_o as_o ordinary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a wherein_o we_o have_v no_o respect_n unto_o the_o sea_n here_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n 1_o of_o river_n fountain_n and_o lakeâ—_n chap._n 9_o 2_o of_o mountain_n vallieâ—_n and_o plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n chap._n 10._o comparative_a wherein_o we_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n chap._n 11._o casual_a which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n chap._n 12._o civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o place_n in_o who_o we_o consider_v the_o original_a or_o offspring_n chap._n 13._o disposition_n which_o be_v vary_v either_o accorâ—â—â—â—_n 〈…〉_z 1_o site_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 14._o 2_o soil_n chap._n 15._o geographie_n the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o topographie_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o former_a treatise_n by_o god_n assistance_n we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n it_o will_v in_o the_o second_o place_n seem_v convenient_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o topical_a part_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o topical_a part_n teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o place_n the_o nature_n of_o topographie_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o second_o part_n be_v discover_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o in_o the_o name_n which_o promise_v a_o description_n of_o place_n but_o also_o in_o the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n himself_o betwixt_o the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o call_v geography_n and_o latter_a topographie_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o our_o former_a book_n here_o only_o we_o will_v note_v this_o one_o distinction_n that_o tâ—â—ograhie_n may_v be_v tâ—ken_v either_o more_o general_o or_o special_o general_o we_o may_v take_v it_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o discover_v unto_o we_o either_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o all_o his_o part_n or_o at_o least_o some_o great_a and_o principal_a part_n such_o as_o be_v a_o empire_n region_n kingdom_n or_o such_o like_a more_o special_o and_o particular_o it_o have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o the_o description_n of_o a_o very_a small_a place_n who_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o note_v but_o of_o the_o part_v one_o to_o the_o other_o such_o as_o be_v city_n burrowes_n townes_n castle_n lake_n and_o river_n the_o former_a whereat_o we_o chief_o aim_v can_v well_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o spherical_a part_n that_o latter_a we_o will_v more_o spare_o touch_v be_v a_o infinite_a task_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o descend_v to_o all_o particular_n which_o come_v in_o our_o way_n yet_o shall_v we_o not_o altogether_o omit_v or_o neglect_v such_o circumstance_n in_o their_o due_a place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o can_v leave_v the_o rest_n to_o such_o topographer_n who_o spend_v their_o stock_n in_o the_o description_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n whereof_o this_o our_o age_n have_v produce_v many_o deserve_a high_a commendation_n this_o science_n be_v ancient_o adorn_v by_o homer_n anâ—â—imander_n milesius_n haecataeus_fw-la democritus_n eudoxius_n dicaearchus_n euphorus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o straboes_n first_o book_n to_o which_o afterward_o succeed_v eratosthenes_n polybius_n possidonius_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o which_o part_n require_v little_a or_o small_a knowledge_n in_o the_o science_n mathematical_a but_o challenge_v more_o affinity_n with_o the_o physical_a and_o political_a part_n of_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o popular_a understanding_n then_o the_o former_a and_o may_v without_o it_o afford_v some_o profit_n to_o the_o reader_n 3_o the_o topical_a part_n be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a the_o general_n be_v that_o which_o handle_v the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n 4_o a_o place_n be_v a_o superficial_a space_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n fit_v for_o habitation_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v here_o topographical_o take_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o concurrence_n of_o two_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v call_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o matter_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v or_o superficial_a platform_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v the_o form_n be_v the_o capability_n or_o aptness_n of_o it_o for_o habitation_n both_o which_o concur_v together_o be_v conceive_v to_o make_v a_o place_n such_o as_o we_o here_o topographical_o understand_v for_o here_o we_o understand_v not_o a_o place_n physical_o for_o the_o receptacle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o heaven_n and_o all_o the_o element_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o natural_a place_n neither_o yet_o geometrical_o for_o a_o plain_a whereon_o a_o line_n or_o figure_n may_v be_v draw_v but_o topographical_o for_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o people_n or_o other_o live_a creature_n may_v inhabit_v this_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o reason_n and_o holy_a scripture_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o habitation_n for_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mass_n the_o earth_n be_v invelope_v with_o water_n on_o every_o side_n afford_v no_o place_n for_o dwell_v almighty_a god_n be_v say_v afterward_o to_o have_v separate_v and_o part_v the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n make_v the_o one_o a_o receptacle_n for_o fish_n and_o such_o creature_n of_o the_o deep_a the_o other_o for_o a_o dwell_a place_n for_o mankind_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o breath_n upon_o the_o land_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o provide_v in_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n that_o neither_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o land_n can_v well_o want_v the_o sea_n nor_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n want_v the_o land_n the_o one_o appear_v in_o that_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o for_o â—ood_a and_o nourishment_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n consist_v of_o fish_n but_o also_o for_o our_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v better_o effect_v by_o sea_n then_o land-voyage_n the_o latter_a be_v as_o easy_o show_v in_o that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n derive_v not_o only_o their_o composition_n but_o also_o their_o proper_a nourishment_n from_o the_o land_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o we_o be_v moreover_o to_o consider_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n first_o more_o large_o for_o any_o place_n wherein_o a_o creature_n may_v live_v for_o long_a or_o short_a time_n second_o more_o strict_o for_o such_o a_o space_n of_o earth_n whereon_o mankind_n may_v convenient_o reside_v or_o dwell_v the_o former_a comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o also_o the_o water_n for_o experience_n show_v that_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v for_o a_o time_n reside_v and_o dwell_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o the_o latter_a betoken_v a_o continuance_n of_o habitation_n be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o land_n which_o sense_n howbeit_o it_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n yet_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o use_v the_o former_a understand_v by_o habitation_n not_o only_o a_o place_n of_o convenient_a residence_n but_o any_o other_o whereon_o a_o creature_n for_o a_o time_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_o habitable_a it_o be_v a_o ancient_a opinion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o everywhere_o habitable_a namely_o in_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n
our_o eastern_a wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v dry_a of_o all_o other_o whereof_o no_o other_o cause_n can_v be_v give_v then_o that_o it_o come_v over_o a_o great_a continent_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n out_o of_o which_o many_o dry_a and_o earthly_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v so_o the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o moist_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o huge_a atlantic_a ocean_n which_o must_v needs_o cast_v forth_o many_o watery_a and_o moist_a vapour_n which_o beget_v rain_n and_o shower_n from_o the_o moisture_n of_o which_o western_a wind_n some_o have_v seek_v out_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o problem_n why_o hunt_v hound_n shall_v not_o send_v nor_o hunt_v so_o well_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o the_o west_n as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o say_v they_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o it_o either_o in_o make_v hindrance_n to_o their_o leg_n in_o run_v or_o at_o least_o to_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o foggy_a in_o this_o western_a wind_n we_o may_v also_o perceive_v much_o cold_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o those_o watery_a vapour_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o water_n be_v natural_o cold_a in_o our_o south_n wind_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereof_o the_o former_a arise_v from_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o those_o southern_a region_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o latter_a from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n because_o before_o it_o approach_v our_o coast_n it_o pass_v over_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n out_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n beget_v abundance_n of_o watery_a vapour_n which_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o wind_n final_o the_o northwind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v cold_a because_o it_o be_v carry_v over_o diverse_a cold_a and_o snowy_a place_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v dry_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o many_o land_n and_o dry_a place_n send_v out_o store_n of_o dry_a exhalation_n as_o also_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o remote_a from_o those_o region_n few_o exhalation_n be_v draw_v up_o which_o may_v infect_v it_o by_o impression_n of_o their_o watery_a quality_n these_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n that_o meteor_n wherewith_o the_o air_n be_v usual_o charge_v and_o by_o consequence_n their_o quality_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n be_v depend_v from_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v draw_v either_o direct_o from_o the_o same_o region_n which_o they_o affect_v or_o oblique_o from_o some_o other_o region_n remote_a from_o it_o howsoever_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v from_o the_o soil_n we_o can_v altogether_o exclude_v the_o heaven_n as_o shall_v be_v teach_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o heaven_n 1_o we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n speak_v of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o it_o self_n we_o be_v now_o to_o proceed_v to_o such_o accident_n as_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 2_o the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v abstract_v from_o any_o special_a quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n these_o accident_n concern_v either_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n or_o the_o division_n of_o the_o place_n both_o which_o we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n the_o special_a be_v such_o as_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n not_o absolute_o but_o respect_v some_o special_a quality_n or_o property_n depend_v on_o such_o situation_n which_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o part_n for_o the_o unfold_n of_o which_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particularity_n we_o will_v premise_v this_o one_o general_a theorem_a 1_o place_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v diverse_o affect_v in_o quality_n and_o constitution_n this_o proposition_n need_v no_o proof_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o ordinary_a experience_n for_o who_o find_v not_o betwixt_o the_o north_n and_o the_o south_n a_o manifest_a difference_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a moisture_n and_o drought_n with_o other_o quality_n thereon_o depend_v as_o well_o in_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o as_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n only_o three_o point_n will_v here_o require_v a_o exposition_n first_o by_o what_o mean_n and_o instrument_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o the_o earth_n second_o how_o far_o this_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n on_o the_o earth_n may_v extend_v and_o what_o limit_n it_o may_v suffer_v three_o how_o these_o operation_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o first_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o our_o ordinary_a philosopher_n that_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n by_o three_o instrument_n to_o wit_n light_n motion_n and_o influence_n by_o light_n as_o by_o a_o instrumental_a agent_n it_o engender_v heat_n in_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n not_o that_o the_o light_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n a_o immaterial_a quality_n can_v immediate_o of_o itself_o produce_v heat_n be_v material_a and_o elementary_a but_o by_o attrition_n and_o rarefaction_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v thin_a approach_v near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n and_o so_o conceive_v heat_n this_o be_v again_o perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o simple_a or_o compo_fw-it und_v beam_n the_o simple_a ray_n be_v weak_a the_o compound_v infer_v a_o double_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o reflection_n be_v strong_a and_o of_o more_o validity_n in_o the_o operation_n and_o by_o consequence_n so_o much_o the_o more_o copious_a in_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o more_o the_o reflection_n be_v great_a if_o we_o mere_o consider_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o motion_n the_o heaven_n may_v exercise_v their_o operation_n on_o the_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o by_o attenuate_v and_o rarefy_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o air_n next_o adjoin_v turn_v it_o into_o fire_n as_o some_o philosopher_n will_v have_v it_o whence_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o this_o affection_n must_v needs_o partake_v some_o degree_n of_o heat_n but_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o conceit_n ground_v only_o upon_o aristotle_n authority_n who_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v a_o solid_a compact_a body_n which_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o be_v grant_v of_o many_o more_o modern_a mathematician_n second_o the_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o inferior_a thing_n by_o motion_n in_o that_o by_o motion_n they_o be_v diverse_o dispose_v and_o order_v to_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n whereby_o they_o may_v produce_v diverse_a effect_n so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o heaven_n be_v imagine_v as_o a_o disponent_fw-la cause_n which_o do_v not_o so_o much_o produce_v the_o effect_n themselves_o as_o vary_v the_o operation_n hereon_o be_v ground_v all_o astrology_n as_o that_o which_o out_o of_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o combination_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o sign_n foreshow_v diverse_a event_n the_o three_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n be_v say_v to_o work_v be_v the_o heavenly_a influence_n which_o be_v a_o hide_a and_o secret_a quality_n not_o subject_a to_o sense_n but_o only_o know_v and_o find_v out_o by_o the_o effect_n this_o three_o agent_n be_v by_o some_o question_v will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v but_o that_o a_o necessity_n in_o nature_n constrain_v it_o for_o many_o effect_n be_v find_v in_o inferior_a body_n cause_v by_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n or_o motion_n as_o for_o example_n the_o production_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o neither_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o can_v challenge_v any_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o light_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o other_o cease_v not_o to_o move_v in_o his_o channel_n when_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v both_o under_o the_o earth_n beside_o who_o can_v give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog-day_n if_o he_o exclude_v this_o influence_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o shall_v find_v
geographie_n delineate_v forth_o in_o two_o book_n contain_v the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n thereof_o by_o nathanael_n carpenter_n fellow_n of_o exeter_n college_n in_o oxford_n the_o second_o edition_n correct_v ecclesiast_n 1._o one_o generation_n come_v and_o another_o go_v but_o the_o earth_n remain_v for_o ever_o oxford_z print_v by_o john_n lichfield_n for_o henry_n cripps_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o henry_n curteyne_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n dc_o xxxv_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n lord_n chamberlaine_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n right_o honourable_a this_o poor_a infant_n of_o i_o which_o i_o now_o offer_v to_o your_o honourable_a acceptance_n be_v consecrate_v you_o in_o the_o first_o conception_n if_o the_o hasty_a desire_n i_o have_v to_o present_v it_o make_v it_o as_o a_o abortive_a brat_n seem_v unworthy_a my_o first_o wish_n and_o your_o favourable_a patronage_n impute_v it_o i_o beseech_v you_o not_o to_o self-will_a but_o duty_n which_o will_v rather_o show_v herself_o too_o officious_a then_o negligent_a what_o i_o now_o dedicate_v rather_o to_o your_o honour_n than_o my_o own_o ambition_n i_o desire_v no_o far_o to_o be_v account_v i_o than_o your_o generous_a approbation_n wish_v it_o no_o other_o fate_n then_o either_o to_o die_v with_o your_o dislike_n or_o live_v with_o your_o name_n and_o memory_n the_o general_a acclamation_n of_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o age_n acknowledge_v with_o all_o thankful_a duty_n as_o well_o your_o love_n to_o learning_n as_o zeal_n to_o religion_n have_v long_o since_o stamp_v i_o you_o this_o arrogant_a desire_n of_o i_o ground_v more_o on_o your_o heroic_a virtue_n than_o my_o private_a end_n promise_v i_o more_o in_o your_o honourable_a estimation_n than_o some_o other_o in_o your_o greatness_n the_o expression_n of_o myself_o in_o these_o faculty_n beside_o my_o profession_n indebt_v more_o to_o love_n than_o ability_n set_v my_o ambition_n a_o pinch_n high_o than_o my_o nature_n but_o such_o be_v the_o magnificent_a splendour_n of_o your_o countenance_n which_o may_v easy_o lend_v your_o poor_a servant_n so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o lead_v he_o out_o of_o darkness_n and_o as_o the_o sun_n reflect_v on_o the_o base_a earth_n at_o once_o both_o view_n and_o guild_v his_o imperfection_n my_o language_n and_o formality_n i_o owe_v not_o to_o the_o court_n but_o university_n whereof_o i_o can_v but_o expect_v your_o honour_n to_o be_v a_o impartial_a umpire_n be_v a_o most_o vigorous_a member_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o other_o corporation_n if_o these_o fruit_n of_o my_o labour_n purchase_v so_o much_o as_o your_o honour_n least_o approbabation_n i_o shall_v hold_v my_o wish_n even_o accomplish_v in_o their_o end_n and_o desire_v only_a to_o be_v think_v so_o worthy_a in_o your_o honourable_a esteem_n as_o to_o live_v and_o die_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n the_o analysis_n of_o the_o first_o book_n geography_n who_o object_n be_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v either_o spherical_a which_o be_v twofold_a either_o primary_n which_o consider_v the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n either_o as_o it_o be_v natural_a wherein_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n the_o principle_n whereof_o it_o consist_v to_o wit_n matter_n and_o form_n chapter_n 1._o propriety_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o which_o again_o be_v either_o real_a such_o as_o be_v assign_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v either_o elementary_a as_o the_o conformity_n of_o all_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n chapter_n 2._o magnetical_a which_o be_v either_o partial_a as_o the_o coition_n direction_n variation_n declination_n chap._n 3._o totall_n as_o the_o verticity_n and_o revolution_n chap._n 4._o heaven_n wherein_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 5._o imaginary_a such_o as_o be_v the_o circle_n and_o lineament_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o who_o invention_n and_o expression_n chap._n 6._o artificial_a in_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n represent_v the_o natural_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a chap._n 7._o secondary_a which_o handle_v such_o matter_n in_o the_o sphere_n as_o secondary_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o first_o such_o be_v measure_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o invention_n chap._n 8._o distinction_n which_o be_v either_o space_n consider_v simple_o in_o themselves_o in_o which_o sort_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n chap._n 9_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o suffer_v manifold_a distinction_n chap._n 10._o distance_n which_o be_v either_o simple_a wherein_o be_v consider_v the_o longitude_n &_o latitude_n of_o place_n chap._n 11._o comparative_a wherein_o two_o place_n differ_v either_o in_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n or_o both_o be_v consider_v chap._n 12._o topical_a libro_fw-la 2o._o of_o the_o special_a content_n of_o each_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a theorem_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n pag._n 8_o 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n pag._n 10_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o as_o well_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o pag._n 14_o 2_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v 16_o 3_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 22_o 4_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n ibid._n 5_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n 25._o 6_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 26_o 7_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o a_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o a_o right_a line_n 27_o 8_o a_o heavy_a point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v fast_o in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n 28_o 9_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o mere_o natural_a but_o mix_v with_o a_o violent_a motion_n 29_o 10_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n be_v move_v downeward_o be_v continue_v will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 31_o 11_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o a_o equal_a time_n move_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n 32_o 12_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a 33_o 13_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o 36_o 14_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a 38_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n pag._n 46_o 2_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a and_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n 49_o 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n be_v spread_v spherical_o through_o every_o part_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n 49_o 4_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n 50_o 5_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n 52_o 6_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o 55_o 7_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n 56_o 8_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n 57_o 9_o the_o contrary_a motion_n in_o magnet_n be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n 59_o 10_o if_o any_o part_n southward_a of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o
the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n without_o the_o equatour_n 255_o 3_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o longitude_n in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 260_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o latitude_n either_o in_o the_o same_o or_o diverse_a kind_n of_o latitude_n 261_o 5_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n by_o the_o square_a root_n 262_o 6_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o the_o table_n of_o sign_n tangent_n and_o secant_v 264_o 7_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n by_o resolution_n of_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n 266_o 8_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n by_o the_o semicircle_n 271_o 9_o of_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o distance_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 273_o to_o my_o book_n parue_v nec_fw-la invideo_fw-la sine_fw-la i_o liber_n ibis_fw-la in_fw-la aulam_fw-la hei_fw-la mihi_fw-la quòd_fw-la domino_fw-la non_fw-la licetire_v tuo_fw-la go_v forth_o thou_o hapless_a embryo_n of_o my_o brain_n unfashioned_a as_o thou_o be_v express_v the_o strain_n and_o language_n of_o thy_o discontent_a sire_n who_o hardly_o ransom_v his_o poor_a babe_n from_o fire_n to_o offer_v to_o the_o world_n and_o careless_a man_n the_o timeless_a fruit_n of_o his_o officious_a pen._n thou_o be_v no_o lovely_a darling_n stamp_v to_o please_v the_o look_n of_o greatness_n no_o delight_n to_o ease_v their_o melancholy_a temper_n who_o reject_v as_o idle_a toy_n but_o what_o themselves_o affect_v no_o lucky_a planet_n dart_v forth_o his_o ray_n to_o promise_v love_n unto_o thy_o infant-daye_n thou_o may_v perhaps_o be_v merchandise_n for_o slave_n who_o sell_v their_o author_n wit_n and_o buy_v their_o grave_n thou_o may_v be_v censure_v guilty_a of_o that_o blame_n which_o be_v the_o midwife_n fault_n the_o parent_n be_v shame_n thou_o may_v be_v talk_n for_o table_n use_v for_o sport_n at_o taverne-meeting_n pastime_n for_o the_o court_n thou_o may_v be_v tear_v by_o their_o malicious_a fang_n who_o never_o be_v teach_v to_o know_v a_o parent_n pang_n how_o easy_o caâ—â—roud_a ignorance_n outstare_v the_o comely_a weed_n thy_o poverty_n can_v wear_v when_o all_o the_o sister_n on_o our_o isis_n side_n be_v ofâ—_n swear_v servant_n to_o aspire_a pride_n and_o our_o renowned_a mother_n athens_n groan_v to_o see_v her_o garden_n set_v with_o cadmus_n son_n who_o birth_n be_v mutual_a strife_n who_o destiny_n be_v only_o to_o be_v bear_v to_o fight_v and_o die_v prometheus_n be_v chain_v fast_o and_o can_v move_v to_o steal_v a_o little_a fire_n from_o mighty_a jove_n to_o people_n new_a the_o world_n that_o we_o may_v see_v our_o mother_n team_v with_o a_o new_a progeny_n and_o therefore_o with_o thy_o hapless_a father_n prove_v to_o place_v thy_o duty_n where_o thou_o find_v love_n when_o thou_o arriu'_v at_o court_n thou_o long_o may_v stay_v some_o friend_n assistance_n to_o prepare_v thou_o way_n as_o in_o a_o cloudy_a morning_n i_o have_v do_v when_o envious_a vapour_n shut_v i_o from_o the_o sun_n when_o all_o else_o enter_v see_v thou_o humble_o stand_v to_o beg_v a_o kiss_n from_o thy_o moecenae_n hand_n if_o he_o vouchsafe_v a_o look_n to_o guild_v thy_o state_n proclaim_v he_o noble_a thy_o self_n fortunate_a geographie_n the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n 1_o geographie_n be_v a_o science_n which_o teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o nature_n of_o geographie_n be_v well_o express_v in_o the_o name_n for_o geographie_n resolve_v according_a to_o the_o greek_a etymology_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o description_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o differ_v from_o cosmographie_n â—s_v a_o part_n from_o the_o whole_a forasmuch_o as_o cosmographie_n according_a to_o the_o name_n be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o wholâ—_n world_n comprehend_v under_o it_o as_o well_o geographie_n as_o astronomy_n howbeit_o i_o confess_v that_o among_o the_o ancient_a writer_n cosmographie_n have_v be_v take_v for_o one_o &_o the_o selfsame_o science_n with_o geography_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o sundry_a treatise_n mere_o geographical_a 1._o yet_o entitle_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cosmographie_n this_o science_n according_a to_o our_o approve_a ptolemy_n be_v distinguish_v from_o chorographie_n four_o way_n first_o because_o geographie_n describe_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o its_o just_a quantity_n proportion_n figure_n and_o disposition_n which_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o it_o have_v as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o as_o of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o it_o only_o undertake_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o note_a part_n such_o as_o be_v sin_n creek_n nation_n city_n promontory_n river_n and_o famous_a mountain_n but_o the_o chorographer_n separat_o handle_v the_o lesser_a part_n and_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n such_o as_o be_v hillock_n brook_n lake_n town_n village_n and_o parish_n without_o any_o respect_n at_o all_o to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v as_o confer_v they_o with_o the_o spherical_a fabric_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o by_o the_o same_o author_n be_v well_o illustrate_v by_o a_o example_n draw_v from_o the_o painter_n art_n for_o we_o see_v that_o a_o painter_n desirous_a to_o draw_v out_o and_o represent_v the_o head_n of_o any_o live_a creature_n will_v first_o draw_v out_o the_o lineament_n of_o the_o first_o and_o great_a part_n as_o the_o eye_n ear_n nose_n mouth_n forehead_n and_o such_o like_a only_o care_v that_o they_o may_v challenge_v a_o due_a and_o just_a proportion_n and_o symmetry_n one_o with_o the_o other_o not_o regard_v the_o lesser_a particle_n and_o ornament_n in_o each_o of_o these_o want_v perhaps_o space_n competent_a to_o accomplish_v it_o but_o if_o the_o same_o painter_n will_v strive_v to_o express_v only_o a_o eye_n or_o a_o ear_n he_o may_v take_v space_n enough_o to_o design_n out_o every_o small_a lineament_n colour_n shadow_n or_o mark_v as_o if_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o in_o this_o he_o care_v not_o to_o make_v it_o correspondent_a to_o the_o whole_a head_n &_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n so_o happen_v it_o to_o the_o geographer_n who_o will_v to_o delineate_v out_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n our_o realm_n of_o england_n he_o will_v describe_v it_o as_o a_o island_n encompass_v round_o with_o the_o sea_n &_o figure_v in_o a_o triangular_a form_n only_o express_v the_o principal_a and_o great_a part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o chorographer_n undertake_v the_o description_n of_o some_o special_a and_o small_a part_n of_o england_n as_o for_o example_n the_o city_n of_o oxford_n descends_z much_o more_o particular_o to_o matter_n of_o small_a quantity_n and_o note_n such_o as_o be_v the_o church_n college_n hall_n street_n spring_n give_v to_o each_o of_o they_o their_o due_a accident_n colour_n lineament_n and_o proportion_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o art_n can_v imitate_v nature_n neither_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o description_n need_v there_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o place_n adjoin_v or_o the_o general_a draught_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o second_o difference_n between_o geography_n and_o chorographie_n assign_v by_o ptolemy_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o chorographie_n be_v common_o conversant_a in_o the_o accidental_a quality_n of_o each_o place_n particular_o note_v unto_o we_o which_o place_n be_v barren_a fruitful_a sandy_a stony_a moist_a dry_a hot_a cold_a plain_a or_o mountainous_a and_o such_o like_a propriety_n but_o geography_n less_o regard_v their_o quality_n inquire_v rather_o of_o the_o quantity_n measure_n distance_n which_o place_n have_v aswell_o in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o as_o of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n assign_v to_o each_o region_n its_o true_a longitude_n latitude_n clime_n parallel_n and_o meridian_n 3_o geographie_n and_o chorographie_n be_v say_v to_o differ_v because_o geographie_n stand_v in_o little_a need_n of_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v conversant_a the_o most_o part_n about_o the_o geometrical_a lineament_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n claim_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o art_n call_v of_o the_o greek_n ichnographie_n who_o office_n be_v to_o express_v the_o figure_n and_o proportion_n of_o body_n set_v forth_o in_o a_o plain_a superficies_n but_o contrariwise_o corographie_n require_v as_o a_o help_n necessary_a the_o art_n of_o paint_v forasmuch_o as_o no_o man_n can_v full_o and_o perfect_o express_v to_o the_o eye_n the_o true_a portrait_n of_o city_n town_n castle_n promontory_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n in_o their_o true_a colour_n livelihood_n and_o proportion_n except_o they_o be_v skill_v in_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v so_o that_o this_o part_n be_v by_o some_o liken_v to_o that_o art_n which_o the_o
greek_n call_v sciographie_n or_o stenography_n four_o and_o last_o geographie_n be_v distinguish_v from_o chorographie_n in_o that_o the_o former_a consider_v chief_o the_o quantity_n measure_n figure_n site_n &_o proportion_n of_o place_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n one_o of_o the_o other_o as_o of_o the_o heaven_n require_v necessary_a help_n of_o the_o science_n mathematical_a chief_o of_o arithmetic_n geometry_n and_o astronomy_n without_o which_o a_o geographer_n will_v show_v himself_o everywhere_a lame_a &_o impotent_a be_v not_o able_a to_o wade_v through_o the_o least_o part_n of_o his_o profession_n whereas_o a_o man_n altogether_o unpractised_a in_o those_o faculty_n may_v obtain_v a_o competent_a knowledge_n in_o chorography_n as_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n some_o altogether_o ignorant_a in_o the_o mathematics_n who_o can_v to_o some_o content_n of_o their_o hearer_n topographical_o and_o historical_o discourse_v of_o country_n as_o they_o have_v read_v of_o in_o book_n or_o observe_v in_o their_o travail_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o difference_n assign_v by_o ptolemy_n i_o see_v no_o great_a reason_n why_o chorography_n shall_v not_o be_v refer_v to_o geography_n as_o a_o part_n to_o the_o whole_a forasmuch_o as_o the_o object_n on_o which_o he_o have_v ground_v his_o distinction_n differ_v only_o as_o a_o general_a and_o a_o special_a which_o be_v not_o opposite_a but_o subordinate_a as_o the_o logician_n use_v to_o speak_v cânnot_v make_v two_o distinct_a science_n but_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o at_o least_o the_o difference_n thus_o assign_v will_v not_o be_v essential_a but_o accidental_a wherefore_o my_o scope_n in_o this_o treatise_n shall_v be_v to_o join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o the_o same_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o my_o art_n and_o leisure_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o descend_v to_o particular_n which_o be_v in_o chorographie_n almost_o infinite_a will_v not_o all_o seem_v alike_o necessary_a in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o universal_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o name_n of_o geography_n thus_o distinguish_v we_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o science_n which_o teach_v the_o measure_n and_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n it_o be_v proper_o term_v a_o science_n because_o it_o propose_v to_o itself_o no_o other_o end_n but_o knowledge_n whereas_o those_o faculty_n be_v common_o term_v art_n which_o be_v not_o content_v with_o a_o bare_a knowledge_n or_o speculation_n but_o be_v direct_v to_o some_o far_a work_n or_o action_n but_o here_o a_o doubt_n seem_v to_o arise_v whether_o this_o science_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v physical_a or_o mathematical_a we_o answer_v that_o in_o a_o science_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o the_o matter_n or_o object_n whereabout_o it_o be_v conversant_a second_o the_o manner_n of_o handle_v and_o explication_n for_o the_o former_a no_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o the_o object_n in_o geographie_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n physical_a consist_v of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v compose_v but_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o explication_n it_o be_v not_o pure_a but_o mix_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n mathematical_a in_o the_o second_o rather_o historical_a whence_o the_o whole_a science_n may_v be_v alike_o term_v mathematical_a &_o historical_a not_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o we_o have_v say_v to_o be_v physical_a but_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o explication_n for_o the_o object_n of_o geographie_n as_o we_o have_v intimate_v be_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v consider_v 3_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o as_o it_o be_v a_o element_n out_o of_o which_o mix_a body_n be_v in_o part_n compound_v in_o which_o sense_n it_o appertain_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n who_o office_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o all_o natural_a body_n their_o principle_n and_o propriety_n second_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o heavenly_a motion_n and_o so_o it_o be_v undertake_v by_o astronomer_n three_o according_a to_o its_o spherical_a superficies_n as_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v measure_v or_o describe_v in_o which_o manner_n it_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o geography_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n one_o of_o another_o as_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o restriction_n although_o agree_v well_o to_o some_o part_n of_o it_o will_v hardly_o square_v with_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o many_o thing_n herein_o be_v handle_v beside_o the_o earth_n natural_a site_n or_o position_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v teach_v for_o which_o cause_n we_o have_v rather_o define_v the_o subject_n of_o geography_n to_o be_v the_o earth_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v and_o describe_v as_o want_v one_o word_n to_o express_v the_o whole_a manner_n of_o consideration_n 2_o geographie_n consist_v of_o 2_o part_n the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a the_o spherical_a part_n be_v that_o which_o teach_v the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n the_o common_a and_o receive_a division_n of_o this_o science_n among_o geographer_n be_v into_o the_o general_n or_o universal_a part_n and_o the_o special_a which_o division_n i_o dare_v not_o utter_o reject_v be_v strengthen_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o ancient_a and_o approve_a author_n yet_o seem_v it_o more_o apt_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o historical_a part_n then_o to_o the_o whole_a science_n as_o we_o shall_v after_o make_v apparent_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o division_n of_o it_o into_o spherical_a &_o topical_a part_n seem_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o reason_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o science_n be_v propose_v to_o we_o under_o a_o twofold_a consideration_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o mathematical_a lineament_n and_o circle_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v imagine_v to_o consist_v out_o of_o which_o we_o collect_v the_o figure_n quantity_n site_n and_o due_a proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o part_n second_o of_o the_o place_n historical_o note_v and_o design_v out_o unto_o we_o by_o certain_a name_n mark_n and_o character_n the_o former_a receive_v great_a light_n from_o astronomy_n whence_o some_o have_v call_v it_o the_o astronomical_a part_n the_o late_a from_o philosophy_n and_o historical_a observation_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v a_o mix_a science_n take_v part_n of_o diverse_a faculty_n 3_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v a_o globous_a or_o round_a body_n comprehend_v within_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o wateâ—_n some_o have_v nice_o distinguish_v betwixt_o a_o sphere_n &_o a_o orb_n that_o a_o sphere_n be_v a_o round_a massy_a body_n contain_v in_o one_o surface_n which_o be_v convexe_n or_o outward_a as_o a_o bowl_n the_o other_o concave_n or_o hollow_a in_o manner_n of_o a_o eggshell_n empty_v but_o this_o distinction_n seem_v too_o curious_a as_o savour_v to_o much_o of_o scholastical_a subtlety_n because_o the_o name_n of_o orb_n and_o sphere_n be_v many_o time_n promiscuous_o use_v without_o difference_n among_o good_a writer_n this_o sphere_n which_o we_o make_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o science_n we_o call_v terrestrial_a not_o because_o it_o consist_v mere_o of_o earth_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v but_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o composition_n whence_o by_o a_o tropical_a kind_n of_o speech_n the_o whole_a globe_n may_v be_v call_v terrestrial_a 4_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v be_v either_o primary_n or_o secundary_a the_o primary_n consist_v in_o such_o affection_n as_o primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o geographical_a affection_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o simple_o and_o absolute_o in_o themselves_o or_o eomparative_o as_o they_o be_v confer_v and_o compare_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n such_o as_o be_v the_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n may_v be_v consider_v either_o absolute_o in_o themselves_o or_o comparative_o as_o they_o concur_v to_o the_o longitude_n latitude_n distance_n or_o such_o like_a accident_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o comparison_n of_o one_o circle_n with_o another_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n primary_o consider_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a be_v the_o true_a globe_n in_o itself_o without_o image_n or_o representation_n 6_o herein_o again_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n first_o the_o principle_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n second_o the_o accident_n and_o propriety_n the_o principle_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v compose_v be_v two_o viz_o matter_n and_o form_n 7_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o substance_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v make_v viz_o earth_n and_o water_n my_o
meaning_n be_v not_o in_o this_o treatise_n to_o handle_v the_o nature_n and_o propiety_n of_o these_o two_o element_n water_n &_o earth_n far_o than_o may_v seem_v necessary_a for_o the_o geographical_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n leave_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n because_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o few_o man_n undertake_v the_o study_n of_o this_o science_n without_o some_o insight_n in_o the_o other_o and_o to_o speak_v truth_n this_o begin_v where_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n end_v yet_o because_o some_o light_n in_o each_o learning_n be_v necessary_o require_v â—nd_v all_o man_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o seek_v far_o into_o the_o ground_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o will_v not_o seem_v altogether_o impertinent_a to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n far_o off_o that_o the_o build_n thereon_o erect_v may_v stand_v sure_a and_o strong_a wherefore_o take_v some_o beginning_n from_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n we_o have_v distinguish_v it_o into_o earth_n and_o water_n as_o those_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v not_o essential_o compound_v as_o one_o entire_a body_n in_o itself_o but_o rather_o coâ—ceruated_v and_o compact_v together_o each_o part_n retain_v its_o own_o nature_n and_o propriety_n without_o any_o proper_a mixture_n to_o express_v more_o full_o the_o constitution_n of_o this_o sphere_n we_o be_v here_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o first_o and_o second_o matter_n the_o first_o matter_n be_v that_o universal_a chaos_n or_o mass_n out_o of_o which_o all_o body_n both_o celestial_a and_o elementary_a be_v make_v and_o form_v as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o aristotle_n materia_fw-la prima_fw-la as_o some_o have_v imagine_v i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o dispute_v the_o second_o matter_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v either_o proper_a or_o accidental_a the_o proper_a we_o call_v that_o whereof_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n most_o proper_o consist_v such_o as_o be_v the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o accidental_a matter_n be_v understand_v of_o all_o other_o body_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n as_o stone_n metal_n mineral_n and_o such_o like_a material_n make_v of_o a_o terrestrial_a substance_n and_o engender_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v the_o earth_n and_o water_n which_o we_o make_v the_o most_o proper_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o sphere_n we_o will_v set_v down_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n the_o theorem_a may_v be_v prove_v by_o sundry_a reason_n draw_v from_o nature_n and_o experience_n whereof_o the_o first_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n compare_v with_o the_o whole_a thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v seldom_o find_v to_o be_v above_o 2_o or_o 3_o mile_n and_o in_o few_o place_n 10_o furlong_n which_o make_v a_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o albeit_o some_o late_a writer_n have_v imagine_v the_o observation_n to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o straight_a and_o narrow_a sea_n and_o not_o of_o the_o main_a ocean_n yet_o grant_v it_o to_o amount_v 〈◊〉_d 10_o 20_o or_o 30_o mile_n it_o can_v reach_v to_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o to_o come_v near_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o whole_a circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v 21600_o english_a mile_n allow_v 60_o english_a mile_n to_o a_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o diameter_n to_o be_v about_o 7200_o mile_n who_o semi-diameter_n measure_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v 3600_o mile_n and_o if_o any_o man_n suppose_v some_o of_o the_o quantity_n to_o be_v abate_v because_o of_o the_o spherical_a swell_n of_o the_o water_n above_o the_o earth_n who_o circle_n must_v be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n we_o answer_v first_o that_o this_o may_v challenge_v some_o abatement_n but_o not_o come_v near_o any_o equality_n of_o the_o water_n with_o the_o earth_n second_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o as_o it_o be_v paint_v in_o globe_n and_o chart_n it_o seem_v for_o a_o great_a part_n empty_a and_o unfurnished_a of_o land_n yet_o this_o for_o the_o great_a part_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o man_n ignorance_n and_o want_v of_o true_a discovery_n because_o many_o quillet_n and_o parcel_n of_o land_n lie_v yet_o unknown_a to_o our_o christian_a world_n and_o therefore_o omit_v and_o not_o figure_v in_o ouâ—_n ordinary_a map_n so_o we_o find_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v hide_v and_o unknown_a without_o discovery_n in_o the_o dayeâ—_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o cause_v he_o to_o contract_n &_o curtail_v the_o earth_n in_o his_o geographical_a description_n which_o defect_n have_v be_v since_o that_o time_n supply_v by_o the_o industrious_a travail_n and_o navigation_n of_o late_a time_n such_o as_o be_v of_o portugal_n english_a and_o hollander_n especial_o of_o columbus_n the_o italian_a who_o as_o one_o witty_o allude_v to_o his_o name_n like_o noah_n dove_n pluck_v a_o olive_n branch_n from_o this_o land_n give_v testimony_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o yet_o unknown_a and_o leave_v naked_a unto_o discovery_n and_o no_o question_n can_v be_v make_v but_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n not_o yet_o detect_v by_o our_o european_a navigator_n await_v the_o industry_n of_o this_o age_n to_o which_o allude_v the_o poet_n in_o these_o verse_n 2._o venient_fw-la annis_fw-la secula_fw-la seris_fw-la quibus_fw-la oceanus_n vincula_fw-la rerum_fw-la laxet_fw-la &_o ingens_fw-la pateat_fw-la tellus_fw-la typhiâ—que_fw-la novos_fw-la detegat_fw-la orb_n nec_fw-la sit_fw-la terris_fw-la ultima_fw-la thule_n in_o after-yeere_n shall_v age_n come_v when_o th'oecean_n shall_v unloose_v the_o band_n of_o thing_n and_o show_v vast_a ample_a land_n new_a world_n by_o seaman_n shall_v be_v find_v nor_o thule_n be_v the_o utmost_a bind_v another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v great_a in_o quantity_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o if_o these_o two_o element_n shall_v meet_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n &_o challenge_v a_o equality_n questionless_a the_o whole_a earth_n will_v prove_v over-moist_a slimy_a and_o unapt_a for_o habitation_n which_o any_o man_n may_v easy_o observe_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n for_o let_v a_o portion_n of_o earth_n &_o another_o of_o water_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o the_o same_o quantity_n the_o whole_a mass_n will_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o a_o heap_n of_o mire_n or_o slime_n without_o any_o solid_a or_o consist_v substance_n moreover_o the_o water_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a body_n cor_fw-la hardly_o contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n or_o limit_n as_o aristotle_n teach_v we_o must_v needs_o require_v a_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n whereon_o to_o support_v itself_o which_o body_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v great_a in_o quantity_n 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n it_o may_v be_v probable_o collect_v from_o sundry_a place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n that_o in_o the_o first_o creation_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o and_o uniform_a be_v overwhelm_v and_o compass_v round_o with_o water_n as_o yet_o unfurnished_a of_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o appear_v that_o almighty_a god_n afterward_o make_v a_o separation_n betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o dry-land_n this_o separation_n aâ—_n far_o as_o reason_n may_v be_v admit_v as_o judge_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n either_o by_o give_v supernatural_a bound_n and_o limit_n unto_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v they_o to_o invade_v the_o dry-land_n or_o else_o by_o alter_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n cast_v it_o into_o inequal_a part_n so_o that_o somewhere_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v take_v away_o empty_a channel_n or_o concavity_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o receive_v the_o water_n otherwhere_a by_o heap_v up_o the_o part_n so_o take_v away_o whence_o be_v cause_v mountain_n and_o eminent_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n the_o former_a of_o these_o way_n seem_v altogether_o improbable_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a to_o imagine_v that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n as_o hereafter_o in_o place_n more_o convenient_a shall_v be_v demonstrate_v wherefore_o take_v the_o late_a as_o more_o consonant_n to_o reason_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o water_n &_o the_o earth_n separate_v and_o divide_v make_v not_o two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a 〈◊〉_d globe_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sphere_n forasmuch_o as_o
we_o call_v it_o natural_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o issue_v and_o arise_v from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n and_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o understand_v which_o clause_n the_o better_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v call_v natural_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o near_a and_o immediate_a end_n or_o scope_n to_o which_o she_o be_v direct_v second_o in_o respect_n of_o her_o secundary_a intent_n or_o purpose_n as_o that_o which_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o former_a true_a it_o be_v that_o every_o terrene_a body_n according_a to_o nature_n first_o intention_n seek_v and_o work_v it_o be_v own_o perfection_n and_o conservation_n nevertheless_o according_a to_o her_o secundary_a intent_n it_o concurre_v to_o the_o perfection_n and_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a universe_n which_o we_o shall_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n or_o clodd_n of_o earth_n which_o separate_v and_o remove_v from_o its_o mother_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o his_o descent_n and_o fall_v downward_o seek_v first_o his_o own_o conservation_n by_o reunite_a itself_o to_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o be_v take_v second_o of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o by_o this_o union_n and_o addition_n no_o doubt_n be_v make_v more_o complete_a and_o perfect_a this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n out_o of_o which_o arise_v the_o earth_n sphaericity_n i_o call_v the_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o move_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o site_n or_o position_n as_o may_v bring_v forth_o a_o spherical_a consistency_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a as_o what_o can_v be_v to_o god_n almighty_a power_n that_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v dissolve_v and_o rend_v into_o little_a piece_n yet_o be_v that_o vigour_n and_o motive_n inclination_n remain_v in_o the_o part_n whereby_o they_o may_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o spherical_a nature_n and_o composition_n which_o it_o former_o enjoy_v for_o all_o the_o part_n thus_o suppose_v to_o be_v distract_v will_v no_o question_n meet_v together_o &_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o point_n or_o centre_n and_o so_o equal_o poise_v themselves_o will_v restore_v the_o same_o sphere_n so_o dissolve_v so_o that_o we_o here_o note_v a_o double_a inclination_n and_o motion_n of_o earthly_a body_n first_o by_o a_o right_a line_n of_o the_o part_n tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n the_o other_o spherical_a of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n whereof_o the_o first_o in_o nature_n preceede_v the_o composition_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o other_o follow_v but_o this_o latter_a motion_n i_o leave_v doubtful_a till_o place_v convenient_a 6_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrene_a part_n be_v twofold_a primarie_n or_o secondary_a the_o former_a be_v that_o whereby_o all_o earthly_a body_n be_v by_o a_o right_a line_n carry_v and_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n or_o circle_n draw_v by_o a_o geometrician_n their_o principal_a part_n be_v express_v to_o wit_n the_o centre_n ray_n and_o circumference_n so_o in_o the_o natural_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o three_o as_o it_o be_v naturally_n &_o real_o discover_v themselves_o unto_o us._n for_o first_o there_o be_v set_v a_o fix_a point_n to_o which_o all_o heavy_a body_n move_v and_o conform_v themselves_o second_o there_o be_v set_v the_o line_n or_o radius_fw-la in_o which_o such_o body_n be_v carry_v and_o convey_v three_o the_o confluence_n of_o all_o these_o part_n beget_v the_o roundness_n and_o spherical_a form_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o that_o which_o be_v first_o in_o nature_n we_o will_v take_v these_o ground_n 1_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v this_o proposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v confirm_v by_o common_a experience_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o long_a demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v plain_o that_o not_o only_o these_o two_o do_v incline_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o all_o mix_a body_n compound_v of_o they_o be_v oversway_v with_o the_o most_o predominant_a element_n do_v challenge_n to_o themselves_o the_o same_o motion_n i_o say_v not_o that_o all_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n drive_v &_o meeâ—_n in_o the_o centre_n for_o that_o be_v impossible_a that_o all_o this_o massy_a sphere_n shall_v be_v contract_v to_o one_o point_n but_o that_o all_o the_o part_n have_v a_o mutual_a inclination_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o concurrence_n of_o they_o among_o themselves_o will_v suffer_v by_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n which_o enjoy_v this_o motion_n and_o inclination_n we_o understand_v first_o the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n with_o all_o other_o body_n arise_v out_o of_o their_o mixture_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o air_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o natural_a comformity_n to_o the_o same_o centre_n we_o may_v well_o term_v a_o earthly_a body_n it_o be_v common_o report_v that_o the_o air_n be_v lâ—ght_v and_o therefore_o carry_v upward_o not_o incline_v at_o all_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o the_o part_n of_o these_o two_o element_n be_v but_o this_o assertion_n although_o bolster_v up_o both_o with_o antiquity_n and_o authority_n i_o take_v either_o to_o be_v false_a or_o misunderstand_v and_o that_o i_o speak_v no_o more_o herein_o than_o i_o can_v prove_v i_o will_v produce_v some_o reason_n strong_a enough_o as_o i_o think_v to_o persuade_v that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n have_v a_o due_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n first_o therefore_o will_v i_o produce_v this_o experiment_n when_o a_o well_o or_o deep_a trench_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v willing_o demand_v whether_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o trench_n or_o concavity_n or_o else_o a_o void_a space_n be_v leave_v unfurnished_a of_o any_o natural_a body_n to_o fill_v it_o if_o they_o admit_v the_o latter_a they_o will_v consequent_o bring_v in_o again_o that_o vacuum_n or_o void_a space_n which_o arist._n and_o all_o sound_a philosopher_n have_v long_a since_o proscribe_v the_o confine_n of_o nature_n if_o they_o affirm_v the_o former_a that_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o empty_a space_n i_o will_v ask_v again_o whether_o this_o descent_n of_o the_o air_n be_v violent_a or_o natural_a if_o they_o say_v natural_a they_o admit_v our_o assertion_n that_o the_o air_n natural_o descend_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v heavy_a and_o not_o light_a by_o nature_n neither_o according_a to_o our_o peripateticall-philosophy_n can_v we_o ascribe_v more_o than_o one_o motion_n to_o the_o air_n because_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n general_o receive_v among_o aristotelean_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n can_v claim_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n much_o less_o one_o simple_a form_n as_o that_o of_o the_o air_n can_v produce_v two_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a motion_n such_o as_o be_v ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o same_o body_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o light_v on_o the_o other_o member_n of_o our_o distinction_n and_o say_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o this_o sort_n be_v violent_a it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v have_v some_o external_a cause_n or_o principle_n whence_o it_o shall_v proceed_v because_o all_o such_o motion_n proceed_v from_o external_a cause_n but_o here_o no_o such_o cause_n can_v be_v assign_v for_o the_o cause_n will_v be_v either_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v so_o make_v hollow_a or_o the_o emptiness_n or_o vacuum_n or_o at_o least_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prove_v first_o because_o no_o philosopher_n have_v ever_o show_v any_o such_o attractive_a power_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a because_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n by_o most_o have_v be_v think_v opposite_a in_o nature_n and_o repugnant_a one_o to_o the_o other_o second_o because_o philosophy_n teach_v that_o no_o agent_n can_v work_v upon_o a_o separate_a and_o distinct_a patient_n except_o there_o be_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o some_o means_n but_o hear_v in_o this_o supposition_n the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o air_n which_o as_o yet_o it_o touch_v not_o that_o this_o external_a cause_n be_v not_o the_o vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n be_v plain_a because_o it_o
be_v never_o grant_v to_o have_v any_o being_n or_o existence_n much_o less_o any_o causality_n in_o nature_n some_o perhaps_o will_v say_v that_o not_o the_o vacuum_n itself_o but_o the_o evitation_n and_o avoid_v it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v interpret_v a_o cause_n but_o the_o doubt_n be_v not_o answer_v for_o we_o seek_v not_o a_o final_a but_o a_o efficient_a cause_n and_o a_o curious_a searcher_n into_o nature_n will_v hardly_o rest_v in_o a_o mere_a final_a cause_n for_o the_o final_a cause_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n precede_v the_o effect_n can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v conceive_v than_o in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o agent_n then_o must_v enquiry_n be_v make_v again_o what_o the_o agent_n shall_v be_v and_o so_o will_v the_o problem_n rest_v uncleer_v 1._o because_o one_o parcel_n of_o the_o air_n can_v not_o move_v another_o except_z the_o same_o be_v first_o move_v itself_o and_o so_o a_o new_a agent_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v find_v out_o 2_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o thing_n move_v or_o patient_a aught_o to_o be_v two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a body_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n meet_v together_o become_v one_o continuate_a body_n no_o shift_n be_v there_o leave_v for_o these_o philosopher_n but_o one_o distinction_n wherein_o they_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o universal_a and_o special_a form_n the_o air_n as_o they_o affirm_v according_a to_o his_o special_a form_n ascend_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o by_o the_o universal_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n it_o may_v sometime_o suffer_v a_o contrary_a motion_n as_o to_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n in_o which_o distinction_n they_o suppose_v they_o have_v cut_v the_o throat_n of_o all_o contrary_a reason_n but_o who_o so_o understand_v himself_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o as_o a_o weak_a reed_n to_o hurt_v his_o hand_n which_o rest_v on_o it_o for_o a_o second_o enquiry_n will_v be_v make_v what_o this_o universal_a form_n shall_v be_v for_o by_o it_o they_o understand_v of_o necessity_n either_o a_o internal_a form_n or_o nature_n or_o a_o external_a resultancie_n and_o harmony_n of_o the_o part_n such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n if_o they_o understand_v this_o latter_a it_o can_v any_o way_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n because_o it_o follow_v and_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o motion_n concur_v with_o the_o rest_n and_o no_o way_n precede_v it_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n every_o cause_n be_v to_o go_v before_o his_o effect_n second_o this_o universal_a form_n or_o nature_n compare_v with_o the_o special_a there_o will_v arise_v a_o subordination_n and_o not_o a_o coordination_n or_o opposition_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o special_a be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o general_a or_o universal_a but_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effâ—â—ts_n but_o here_o we_o see_v the_o effect_n or_o motion_n to_o be_v quite_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o universal_a form_n be_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n ascribe_v to_o the_o special_a nature_n three_o these_o philosopher_n urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n to_o preserve_v the_o universe_n be_v much_o deceive_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o mean_n thereof_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o earthly_a and_o heavy_a body_n be_v direct_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o every_o such_o body_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o seek_v first_o the_o safeguard_n and_o preservation_n of_o itself_o and_o secondary_o by_o the_o safeguard_n of_o itself_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o how_o can_v any_o part_n when_o it_o neglect_v its_o own_o safety_n endeavour_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a since_o the_o whole_a be_v but_o one_o compound_v of_o many_o part_n and_o therefore_o can_v it_o not_o be_v avoid_v but_o that_o the_o disorder_n and_o disharmony_n of_o one_o part_n shall_v prejudice_n and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a frame_n if_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o other_o part_n and_o grant_v this_o universal_a form_n to_o be_v internal_a many_o reason_n stand_v opposite_a for_o first_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v simple_a or_o compound_v it_o can_v be_v simple_a because_o it_o will_v always_o produce_v one_o simple_a and_o uniform_a effect_n but_o experience_n have_v tâ—ught_v the_o contrary_a because_o we_o shall_v not_o always_o find_v the_o air_n to_o descend_v but_o sometime_o to_o move_v oblique_o to_o the_o left_a or_o right_a hand_n backward_o and_o forward_o as_o when_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o house_n by_o a_o door_n or_o window_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o can_v well_o be_v call_v a_o compound_n form_n because_o all_o form_n the_o more_o universal_a they_o be_v the_o more_o simple_a they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v because_o the_o special_a include_v more_o composition_n than_o the_o general_a moreover_o all_o compound_a substance_n arise_v out_o of_o simple_n which_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v first_o in_o nature_n second_o i_o will_v ask_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v una_fw-la numero_fw-la the_o self_n same_o individual_a in_o all_o the_o part_n and_o body_n or_o diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o say_a body_n it_o can_v be_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o in_o all_o body_n because_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n the_o whole_a universe_n be_v not_o one_o continuate_a body_n compose_v of_o essential_a part_n but_o rather_o a_o heap_n or_o mass_n collect_v and_o digest_v out_o of_o many_o body_n second_o the_o form_n be_v thus_o one_o individual_a will_v be_v singular_a or_o special_a not_o universal_a if_o they_o affirm_v that_o this_o form_n be_v diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o body_n it_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n or_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n for_o this_o motion_n as_o they_o suppose_v be_v destine_v and_o appoint_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o comfort_v nature_n in_o her_o distress_n when_o she_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o rupture_n or_o dissolution_n but_o how_o can_v this_o form_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o aerial_a superficies_n perceive_v or_o feel_v this_o exigence_n of_o nature_n in_o other_o body_n whatsoever_o they_o can_v say_v in_o this_o be_v altogether_o uncertain_a and_o not_o warrant_v by_o any_o sound_a demonstration_n a_o second_o reason_n for_o the_o natural_a descent_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o a_o possible_a supposition_n from_o which_o we_o may_v enforce_v a_o true_a conclusion_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o portion_n of_o air_n by_o some_o violence_n to_o be_v carry_v above_o his_o proper_a orb_n as_o for_o example_n to_o the_o space_n which_o by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n near_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o will_v here_o demand_v whether_o this_o portion_n of_o air_n thus_o transpose_v will_v ascend_v high_o or_o descend_v low_a or_o rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o can_v not_o ascend_v high_o first_o because_o in_o this_o wise_a it_o shall_v be_v move_v far_o out_o of_o his_o own_o place_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n all_o body_n transpose_v from_o their_o proper_a place_n have_v a_o aptness_n or_o inclination_n to_o return_v again_o to_o their_o proper_a seat_n and_o not_o to_o rove_v far_o off_o second_o this_o grant_v the_o air_n shall_v invade_v the_o place_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o the_o element_n shall_v suffer_v a_o confusion_n which_o aristotle_n hold_v absurd_a three_o there_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o that_o high_a orb_n any_o point_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v direct_v his_o motion_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n find_v or_o it_o must_v be_v very_o irregular_a if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o such_o a_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o separate_v shall_v descend_v i_o ask_v again_o whether_o they_o hold_v this_o motion_n natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v a_o violent_a motion_n because_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a and_o proper_a place_n and_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o element_n be_v always_o account_v natural_a last_o of_o all_o it_o can_v rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n because_o all_o body_n force_v out_o of_o their_o place_n all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v must_v needs_o return_v unto_o their_o proper_a place_n wherefore_o no_o other_o start_a hole_n be_v here_o leave_v to_o our_o opposite_n but_o that_o they_o
grant_v a_o natural_a motion_n and_o so_o consequent_o yield_v to_o our_o assertion_n a_o three_o reason_n may_v here_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o most_o philosopher_n that_o the_o thin_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v natural_o mount_v upward_o but_o the_o thick_a and_o condensated_a part_n pitch_n and_o settle_v themselves_o downward_o which_o observation_n if_o it_o be_v true_a will_v yield_v we_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o air_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o spherical_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o these_o principle_n 1_o that_o that_o body_n which_o by_o addition_n of_o part_n or_o condensation_n be_v make_v more_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o itself_o this_o may_v easy_o appear_v because_o the_o mixture_n of_o lightness_n with_o heaviness_n will_v not_o intend_v and_o increase_v the_o ponderosity_n but_o slack_a and_o diminish_v it_o for_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o remit_v or_o diminish_v any_o quality_n be_v the_o mixture_n of_o his_o contrary_n as_o we_o see_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a to_o be_v abate_v and_o weaken_v if_o it_o entertain_v any_o mixture_n of_o heat_n 2_o the_o thicken_a or_o condensation_n of_o any_o body_n be_v make_v by_o addition_n and_o coaction_n of_o more_o part_n into_o the_o same_o space_n or_o compass_v as_o if_o the_o air_n or_o any_o such_o like_a body_n be_v thicken_v it_o will_v confine_v itself_o to_o a_o more_o narrow_a room_n then_o before_o and_o so_o consequen_o the_o narrow_a room_n will_v contain_v more_o part_n than_o before_o out_o of_o which_o we_o conclude_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o part_n press_v together_o in_o the_o same_o space_n make_v the_o whole_a mass_n more_o ponderous_a these_o part_n so_o press_v together_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o themselves_o which_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o quality_n common_o follow_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o red-hot-iron_n which_o burn_v and_o scorch_v more_o than_o flame_n or_o coal_n because_o every_o part_n have_v more_o degree_n or_o heat_n now_o where_o more_o part_n be_v close_o press_v together_o the_o heat_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o fervent_a i_o have_v dwell_v long_o on_o this_o subject_n because_o i_o will_v not_o seem_v to_o broach_v a_o new_a opinion_n without_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o conclude_v all_o and_o come_v as_o near_o the_o receive_a opinion_n as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n first_o absolute_o in_o itself_o second_o in_o comparison_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o wit_n the_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o the_o first_o sense_n i_o grant_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n in_o the_o air_n because_o out_o of_o his_o natural_a inclination_n it_o tend_v as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o all_o other_o low_a body_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o heavy_a body_n we_o may_v call_v it_o light_n that_o be_v less_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a so_o that_o by_o lightness_n we_o understand_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n but_o a_o privation_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o prove_v be_v this_o that_o all_o terrene_a body_n as_o earth_n water_n aire_n and_o other_o mix_a body_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o site_n or_o position_n of_o they_o to_o the_o centre_n be_v their_o true_a and_o natural_a place_n wherein_o they_o seek_v their_o preservation_n 2_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 3_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v 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produce_v to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v absolute_o light_a in_o his_o own_o nature_n experience_n teach_v we_o say_v these_o man_n that_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n or_o a_o empty_a barrel_n be_v by_o force_n keep_v under_o water_n the_o force_n and_o obstacle_n omit_v will_v sudden_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o that_o a_o man_n ready_a to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o sink_v down_o while_o he_o can_v hold_v his_o breath_n all_o which_o effect_n they_o ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o inclination_n of_o the_o air_n to_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o indeed_o this_o motion_n howbeit_o agreeable_a to_o the_o universal_a nature_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o unnatural_a and_o violent_a because_o this_o ascent_n of_o it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o reverberate_v it_o back_o from_o the_o place_n whereunto_o it_o tend_v for_o here_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o bladder_n or_o empty_a barrel_n drown_v in_o the_o water_n claim_v and_o enjoy_v for_o the_o time_n that_o place_n or_o distance_n which_o otherwise_o so_o much_o water_n shall_v occupy_v to_o wit_n so_o many_o inch_n of_o foot_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o no_o marvel_n then_o that_o obstacle_n remove_v the_o water_n be_v most_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a receive_v his_o own_o right_n and_o as_o it_o be_v shoulder_n out_o the_o air_n and_o violent_o drive_v it_o off_o to_o his_o own_o habitation_n whence_o many_o have_v imagine_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o the_o air_n when_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v mere_o violent_a and_o enforce_v by_o the_o interjection_n of_o another_o body_n more_o weighty_a and_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o 7_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1_o the_o centre_n itself_o 2_o the_o part_n which_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o it_o the_o centre_n be_v a_o imaginary_a point_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o which_o all_o the_o part_n be_v conform_v the_o father_n of_o the_o mathematical_a science_n have_v labour_v to_o derive_v all_o their_o doctrine_n from_o a_o point_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o simple_a principle_n whereon_o all_o the_o rest_n depend_v not_o that_o they_o imagine_v a_o point_n to_o be_v any_o positive_a entity_n in_o itself_o but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o bind_v of_o magnitude_n whence_o all_o terminate_v quantity_n take_v their_o original_n the_o first_o principle_n we_o may_v call_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a constitution_n because_o a_o thousand_o point_n collect_v can_v not_o be_v so_o compound_v as_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v arise_v the_o least_o
magnitude_n for_o as_o the_o philosopher_n have_v teach_v we_o continuate_a and_o divisible_a thing_n can_v be_v make_v out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o discontinuate_a and_o indivisible_a but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o mathematical_a principle_n or_o beginning_n of_o termination_n and_o figuration_n this_o point_n although_o it_o have_v everywhere_a a_o use_n in_o geometry_n yet_o nowhere_o more_o remarkable_a than_o when_o it_o become_v the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o centre_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o imagine_v a_o mere_a geometrical_a conceit_n but_o such_o as_o find_v ground_n in_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n for_o see_v all_o terrene_a body_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o right_a line_n as_o by_o a_o radius_fw-la to_o one_o point_n from_o every_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n we_o may_v observe_v a_o centre_n as_o it_o be_v design_v and_o point_v out_o by_o nature_n itself_o in_o the_o globe_n some_o have_v here_o 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or_o stone_n such_o a_o point_n ought_v we_o to_o imagine_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v not_o participate_v of_o any_o latitude_n or_o magnitude_n albeit_o existent_n in_o some_o magnitude_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o writer_n have_v take_v a_o physical_a point_n for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v call_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n but_o this_o sense_n be_v very_o improper_a and_o beside_o in_o this_o example_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v a_o point_n opticall_a as_o such_o as_o carry_v no_o sensible_a or_o proportionable_a quantity_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o sight_n take_v then_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o point_n fix_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v we_o will_v further_o describe_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o in_o two_o theorem_n 1_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n a_o attractive_a point_n i_o term_v that_o which_o have_v in_o it_o a_o virtue_n or_o power_n to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n or_o body_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o loadstone_n have_v a_o power_n to_o draw_v iron_n or_o steel_n but_o a_o respective_a point_n be_v that_o which_o the_o body_n in_o their_o motion_n do_v respect_n and_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o as_o the_o bound_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o their_o course_n be_v direct_v which_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o directive_a operation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o handle_v by_o which_o the_o magnetical_a indix_n or_o needle_n point_v direct_o northward_o not_o that_o in_o the_o north_n be_v fix_v any_o attractive_a virtue_n or_o operation_n whicâ—_n may_v cause_v that_o effect_n but_o because_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n be_v direct_v towards_o such_o a_o point_n or_o centre_n that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o attractive_a force_n may_v be_v prove_v 1_o because_o it_o can_v in_o any_o probability_n be_v think_v that_o a_o imaginary_a point_n have_v only_o a_o privative_a be_v and_o subsistence_n shall_v challenge_v to_o itself_o any_o such_o operation_n for_o all_o positive_a effect_n proceed_v out_o of_o positive_a cause_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v that_o this_o attraction_n shall_v grow_v out_o of_o a_o mere_a privation_n second_o shall_v this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o earthly_a part_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o the_o centre_n it_o will_v follow_v necessary_o that_o this_o motion_n shall_v not_o be_v natural_a but_o violent_a as_o proceed_v from_o a_o external_a cause_n which_o all_o ancient_a and_o modern_a philosopher_n deny_v 2_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n that_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o terrene_a globe_n shall_v make_v the_o centre_n both_o of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n may_v seem_v very_o plain_a 1_o because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o multiply_v thing_n and_o entity_n in_o our_o conceit_n without_o any_o necessary_a consequence_n draw_v from_o nature_n or_o reason_n enforce_v we_o thereunto_o but_o what_o reason_n can_v ever_o persuade_v any_o man_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v two_o centre_n the_o one_o of_o weight_n the_o other_o of_o magnitude_n but_o only_o a_o bare_a imagination_n without_o proof_n or_o demonstration_n second_o if_o this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n be_v remove_v some_o distance_n from_o the_o other_o then_o consequent_o will_v one_o part_v of_o the_o earth_n overpoize_a the_o other_o in_o ponderosity_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a sphere_n will_v either_o be_v shake_v out_o of_o its_o place_n or_o dissolve_v itself_o into_o its_o first_o principle_n both_o of_o which_o be_v by_o experience_n contradict_v our_o assertion_n will_v stand_v sure_a and_o undoubted_a in_o the_o mean_a space_n we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o little_a difference_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o small_a and_o insensible_a as_o can_v be_v cacullate_v or_o cause_v any_o alteration_n 8_o the_o terrene_a part_n conform_v themselves_o to_o this_o centre_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o comparative_o absolute_o as_o every_o part_n be_v consider_v in_o itself_o 9_o a_o terrestrial_a part_n consider_v in_o itself_o undergo_v the_o respect_n either_o of_o a_o point_n of_o magnitude_n as_o a_o point_n when_o any_o sign_n or_o point_n in_o itself_o be_v consider_v in_o regard_n of_o his_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o point_n albeit_o exist_v still_o in_o some_o magnitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v may_v notwithstanding_o be_v abstract_v from_o this_o or_o that_o body_n as_o serve_v for_o the_o centre_n of_o any_o body_n who_o natural_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o universal_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v in_o the_o first_o place_n handle_v as_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o the_o motion_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o whole_a magnitude_n ought_v to_o be_v square_v 1_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n by_o a_o right_a line_n a_o right_a line_n be_v the_o measure_n and_o rule_v almost_o of_o all_o natural_a action_n which_o albeit_o it_o be_v familiar_a in_o almost_o every_o operation_n yet_o most_o of_o all_o in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earthly_a body_n tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n why_o nature_n in_o this_o kind_n shall_v chief_o affect_v a_o right_a line_n sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v 1_o from_o the_o end_n which_o nature_n do_v propose_v itself_o which_o be_v to_o produce_v the_o work_n which_o she_o intend_v the_o ready_a and_o short_a way_n as_o aristotle_n testify_v of_o she_o in_o the_o 5_o of_o his_o metaphysic_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o right_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o the_o same_o point_n be_v always_o short_a as_o euclid_n show_v in_o his_o element_n where_o he_o demonstrate_v that_o two_o side_n of_o any_o triangle_n be_v count_v together_o be_v long_o than_o the_o three_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o heavy_a part_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o double_a scope_n or_o end_n first_o that_o the_o say_a part_n of_o a_o terrestrial_a body_n shall_v be_v move_v or_o separate_v from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v by_o violence_n transpose_v second_o that_o this_o body_n shall_v be_v restore_v home_o and_o unite_v to_o the_o spherical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o it_o must_v chief_o seek_v its_o preservation_n that_o these_o two_o end_n be_v best_a and_o soon_o compass_v by_o a_o right_a line_n be_v most_o manifest_a for_o
first_o a_o sepaparation_n from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v move_v be_v more_o quick_a &_o expedient_a by_o a_o right_a line_n forasmuch_o as_o crooked_a and_o circular_a line_n turn_v back_o as_o it_o be_v into_o themselves_o again_o also_o the_o union_n and_o conjunction_n of_o a_o part_n with_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o indebt_v to_o a_o right_a motion_n because_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o way_n be_v short_a second_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o nature_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o necessary_a agent_n restrain_v to_o one_o only_o bind_v or_o end_n and_o therefore_o can_v neither_o strengthen_v weaken_v remit_v or_o suspend_v the_o action_n but_o work_v always_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n the_o same_o effect_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o she_o choose_v a_o right_a line_n be_v but_o one_o betwixt_o two_o point_n whereas_o crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v infinite_a and_o the_o motion_n direct_v by_o crooked_a line_n will_v prove_v various_a and_o opposite_a to_o the_o prescript_n of_o nature_n moreover_o shall_v we_o imagine_v that_o nature_n at_o any_o time_n wrought_v by_o a_o crooked_a or_o circular_a line_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v from_o what_o agent_n this_o obliquity_n shall_v arise_v not_o from_o nature_n itself_o because_o as_o we_o say_v she_o work_v always_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o her_o strength_n have_v no_o power_n to_o remit_v or_o suspend_v her_o actioâ—s_n but_o a_o crooked_a motion_n arise_v from_o the_o remission_n or_o slack_n of_o the_o agent_n force_v and_o turn_v it_o away_o from_o the_o intend_a end_n which_o only_o find_v place_n in_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n neither_o come_v this_o deflexion_n from_o the_o medium_n or_o air_n because_o it_o can_v have_v no_o such_o power_n to_o resist_v three_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v not_o perform_v in_o a_o right_a line_n it_o can_v have_v no_o opposite_a or_o contrary_n because_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v to_o a_o circular_a or_o crooked_a motion_n 4._o no_o other_o motion_n can_v be_v opposite_a or_o contrary_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a circle_n but_o only_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o diameter_n which_o be_v always_o a_o right_a line_n by_o this_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o weighty_a point_n consider_v in_o itself_o abstract_o can_v but_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n in_o a_o right_a line_n which_o right_a line_n real_o and_o physical_o point_v out_o unto_o we_o a_o radius_fw-la or_o beam_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n to_o show_v that_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n in_o compose_v the_o earthly_a globe_n both_o observe_v and_o teach_v we_o the_o use_n of_o geometry_n 2_o a_o point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v swift_a in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n this_o have_v be_v plain_o observe_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o stone_n let_v fall_v from_o a_o tower_n or_o high_a place_n will_v in_o motion_n grow_v swift_a and_o swift_a till_o it_o approach_v the_o ground_n or_o 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perpendicular_a line_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a for_o if_o two_o perpendicular_a or_o heavy_a point_n move_v in_o a_o line_n shall_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o a_o 100_o or_o more_o foot_n because_o this_o distance_n be_v very_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o angle_n of_o concourse_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o little_a and_o by_o consequence_n those_o two_o ray_n or_o line_n measure_v the_o descent_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n will_v seem_v altogether_o equidistant_a yet_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o concurrence_n nature_n and_o reason_n will_v easy_o consent_v hence_o we_o may_v detect_v a_o popular_a error_n believe_v of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o wall_n of_o house_n stand_v upright_o be_v parallel_v and_o of_o equal_a distance_n when_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o wall_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o measure_v by_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a may_v we_o pronounce_v of_o a_o deep_a well_o who_o side_n or_o wall_n be_v erect_v perpendicular_o and_o therefore_o shall_v it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o side_n grow_v near_o and_o near_o as_o they_o approach_v the_o centre_n will_v in_o the_o end_n close_o or_o shut_v up_o into_o a_o pyramid_n who_o base_a shall_v be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o likewise_o if_o a_o tower_n shall_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o heaven_n it_o will_v be_v strange_a to_o imagine_v how_o great_a and_o broad_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o bottom_n hence_o again_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o any_o pavement_n level_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a be_v not_o a_o absolute_a plain_n but_o rather_o the_o portion_n or_o arch_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a 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move_v so_o fast_o downward_o to_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o heavy_a the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a be_v draw_v from_o many_o staticall_a principle_n which_o we_o can_v here_o convenient_o insert_v we_o be_v enforce_v to_o omit_v as_o intend_v not_o the_o search_n of_o these_o matter_n any_o far_a than_o they_o direct_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geographie_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o hard_a matter_n to_o give_v â—_o more_o popular_a expression_n of_o this_o reason_n out_o of_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o this_o weight_n of_o the_o heavy_a body_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la because_o the_o great_a body_n as_o it_o be_v carry_v downward_o by_o a_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o meet_v a_o great_a impediment_n be_v not_o able_a so_o soon_o to_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o the_o lesser_a likewise_o the_o lesser_a body_n fall_v with_o less_o force_n yet_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o divide_v it_o then_o the_o other_o whence_o both_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o disparity_n in_o the_o time_n and_o motion_n 12_o of_o the_o primary_n conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o have_v treat_v it_o now_o seem_v needful_a that_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o secondary_a which_o be_v the_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o make_v a_o round_a sphere_n or_o globe_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a this_o proposition_n be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chiefâ—â—â—_n ground_n in_o geographie_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o right_a motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n for_o this_o right_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v show_v do_v express_v one_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o who_o circumvolution_n be_v produce_v the_o circumference_n of_o iâ—_n which_o we_o call_v secundary_a conformity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o it_o grow_v mathematical_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o first_o for_o this_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n sundry_a sound_a reason_n be_v urge_v by_o geographer_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n second_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n that_o be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o therefore_o must_v it_o needs_o be_v absolute_o spherical_a the_o first_o part_n be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v round_o from_o nâ—rth_n to_o south_n for_o if_o a_o man_n travel_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north_n he_o shall_v perceive_v nâ—w_a star_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o appear_v and_o show_v themselves_o which_o before_o hâ—e_v can_v not_o see_v which_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n or_o swell_v of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o star_n which_o be_v call_v canopus_n which_o be_v a_o notable_a star_n in_o the_o ship_n appear_v not_o at_o rhodes_n or_o at_o least_o from_o high_a place_n but_o if_o you_o travel_v forth_o southward_o from_o italy_n into_o egypt_n to_o alexandria_n the_o same_o star_n proclus_n observe_v will_v manifest_v itself_o to_o your_o sight_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o sign_n above_o the_o horizon_n sphaer_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o sound_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v a_o spherical_a and_o gibbous_a convexitie_n which_o interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o egypt_n in_o which_o place_n the_o people_n who_o inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o egypt_n which_o border_n upon_o arabia_n which_o be_v call_v trogloâ—ites_n of_o their_o dwell_n in_o cave_n can_v see_v any_o star_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n whence_o we_o may_v concluâ—e_v that_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a for_o if_o otherwise_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a all_o the_o northern_a star_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o southern_a region_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o other_o southern_a constellation_n will_v be_v see_v of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n which_o sense_n and_o reason_n altogether_o contradict_v second_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o they_o do_v not_o arise_v or_o set_v with_o all_o nation_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n for_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sunrising_n be_v soon_o with_o the_o western_a inhabitant_n late_a and_o that_o in_o such_o proportion_n that_o every_o 15_o degree_n measure_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n add_v or_o subtract_v one_o whole_a hour_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n this_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o testimony_n of_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o the_o persian_a inhabit_v towards_o the_o east_n four_o hour_n soon_o than_o to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west_n sundry_a other_o the_o like_a example_n may_v be_v allege_v all_o which_o we_o must_v needs_o impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o increase_v betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n the_o other_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o last_o point_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o diverse_a hour_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a or_o square_a we_o see_v plain_o that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o western_a people_n but_o late_a to_o the_o eastern_a as_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o arbela_n a_o town_n of_o assyria_n where_o alexander_n overcome_v darius_n the_o last_o king_n of_o
the_o persian_n be_v there_o observe_v a_o eclipse_n at_o the_o five_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n 4._o which_o selfsame_o eclipse_n be_v see_v in_o carthage_n at_o the_o second_o which_o to_o any_o man_n appear_v plain_o in_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o campania_n which_o be_v observe_v betwixt_o 8_o and_o 9_o be_v as_o pliny_n report_v see_v in_o armenia_n betwixt_o 10_o and_o 11_o of_o the_o clock_n 72._o whence_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o appearance_n arise_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o spericall_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o obscure_a point_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n which_o must_v needs_o argue_v that_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v the_o shadow_n be_v also_o round_o for_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v we_o the_o shadow_n be_v wont_a to_o follow_v and_o imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o sun_n &_o moon_n intercept_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o shall_v illustrate_v &_o lighten_v the_o moon_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v shall_v we_o admit_v any_o other_o figure_n beside_o for_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v plain_a as_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n have_v imagine_v it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v in_o reason_n 1_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o that_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o face_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o all_o place_n 3_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o other_o star_n will_v in_o all_o place_n arise_v alike_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n 4_o that_o all_o eclipse_n will_v appear_v to_o all_o place_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n 5_o that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n &_o night_n will_v be_v at_o all_o place_n 6_o that_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o one_o region_n will_v not_o be_v hot_a or_o cold_a than_o another_o all_o which_o will_v plain_o stand_v opposite_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n as_o many_o or_o more_o will_v prove_v the_o absurdity_n of_o those_o that_o ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n any_o other_o figure_n then_o spherical_a which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o as_o not_o will_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n and_o feign_v a_o opposition_n where_o i_o scarce_o find_v a_o adversary_n these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a diverse_a other_o popular_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n to_o countenance_v this_o assertion_n for_o no_o other_o figure_n can_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v more_o uphold_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n or_o speak_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a creator_n 1_o because_o such_o a_o figure_n will_v best_o beseem_v the_o earth_n the_o seat_n and_o dwelling-place_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v most_o capable_a because_o otherwise_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n will_v seem_v to_o do_v something_o in_o vain_a and_o without_o cause_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o capacity_n may_v be_v confine_v within_o strict_a bound_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o all_o mathematician_n that_o among_o all_o those_o figure_n which_o they_o call_v isoperâ—â—etrall_a a_o circle_n be_v the_o most_o capable_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n those_o which_o approach_v near_a unto_o a_o circle_n and_o as_o we_o esteem_v of_o a_o circle_n describe_v in_o a_o plain_a surface_n so_o must_v we_o judge_v in_o solide_n of_o a_o sphere_n which_o profitable_a geometry_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v find_v instill_v into_o most_o live_a creature_n who_o by_o a_o certain_a natural_a instinct_n without_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n make_v their_o nest_n and_o resting-place_n of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o most_o convenient_a and_o of_o great_a capacity_n as_o experience_n show_v we_o in_o the_o nest_n of_o bird_n and_o bee-hive_n wherein_o the_o cell_n be_v fashion_v round_o &_o spherical_a 2_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o holy_a scripture_n consonant_a to_o this_o opinion_n in_o diverse_a place_n but_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v impiety_n to_o use_v those_o sacred_a help_n in_o a_o matter_n out_o of_o controversy_n and_o need_v no_o such_o demonstration_n 2_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v by_o ignorant_a people_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o round_o because_o of_o the_o rugged_a and_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o for_o somewhere_o it_o swell_v with_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n rock_n and_o hill_n otherwhere_a it_o seem_v indent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v trench_v into_o valley_n &_o concavity_n all_o which_o seem_v to_o detract_v from_o a_o true_a spherical_a superficies_n because_o in_o such_o a_o one_o every_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o it_o shall_v be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o indeed_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o geometrical_o round_a as_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n be_v confess_v by_o eratosthenes_n cite_v by_o strabo_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n of_o geographie_n whence_o pliny_n in_o his_o â—_o book_n cap._n 21._o say_v 1._o that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n make_v one_o globe_n not_o so_o absolute_o round_a as_o the_o heaven_n but_o much_o different_a 〈◊〉_d also_o strabo_n confirm_v this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o these_o 3_o reason_n which_o follow_v will_v show_v that_o this_o inequality_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o seem_v to_o the_o sight_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a and_o bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v to_o exceed_v 10_o mile_n although_o few_o mathematician_n will_v grant_v so_o much_o whereas_o the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v no_o less_o thâ—n_n 7200_o english_a mile_n so_o that_o these_o hill_n compare_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o â—s_v 10_o to_o 7200_o which_o indeed_o have_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n the_o second_o be_v take_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o interpose_a earth_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n without_o any_o unequal_a or_o rugged_a part_n which_o no_o doubt_n will_v appear_v if_o these_o part_n challenge_v any_o due_a proportion_n or_o sensible_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o some_o have_v illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o round_a bowl_n or_o ball_n who_o external_a surface_n although_o unequal_a and_o indent_v here_o &_o there_o with_o scotch_n otherwhere_a swell_a with_o knob_n will_v notwithstanding_o be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o a_o wall_n or_o such_o place_n give_v a_o round_a or_o spherical_a shadow_n in_o the_o same_o wall_n or_o plain_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o little_a quantity_n of_o these_o small_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n in_o like_a sort_n must_v we_o imagine_v the_o mountain_n and_o unequal_a part_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o so_o many_o wart_n or_o pimple_n in_o the_o face_n of_o man_n which_o can_v alter_v his_o duâ—_n proportion_n or_o symmetry_n of_o the_o part_n 3_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a it_o be_v a_o proposition_n agree_v on_o by_o archimedes_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o ancient_a mathematician_n of_o any_o note_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n stand_v and_o subsist_v quiet_o of_o it_o self_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o we_o be_v here_o to_o handle_v because_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n although_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o speak_v special_o concern_v the_o water_n in_o hydrographie_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n beside_o those_o that_o in_o general_n prove_v the_o sphericity_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n be_v diverse_a 1_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o passenger_n in_o a_o ship_n launch_v out_o into_o the_o deep_a from_o some_o haven_n will_v first_o perceive_v the_o tower_n building_n castle_n promontory_n and_o tree_n stand_v
philosophy_n and_o on_o the_o loadstone_n erect_v a_o large_a trophy_n to_o commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n this_o famous_a doctor_n be_v as_o pregnant_a in_o witty_a apprehension_n as_o diligent_a in_o curious_a search_n of_o natural_a cause_n after_o many_o experiment_n and_o long_a inquiry_n find_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o propriety_n hide_v in_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v a_o mere_a magnetical_a body_n challenge_v all_o those_o propriety_n and_o more_o than_o have_v express_v themselves_o in_o the_o loadstone_n which_o opinion_n of_o his_o be_v no_o soon_o broach_v than_o it_o be_v embrace_v and_o well-commed_n by_o many_o prime_a wit_n aswell_o english_a as_o foreign_a in_o so_o much_o that_o iâ—_n have_v of_o late_o take_v large_a root_n and_o get_v much_o ground_n of_o our_o vulgar_a philosophy_n not_o that_o in_o the_o main_a scope_n and_o drift_n of_o it_o it_o contradict_v or_o cross_v all_o peripatetical_a principle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v hitherto_o bear_v the_o stamp_n aswell_o of_o antiquity_n as_o of_o authority_n but_o that_o it_o have_v bring_v to_o light_a matter_n of_o no_o small_a moment_n which_o never_o find_v any_o ground_n or_o footstep_n in_o our_o ordinary_a philosophy_n this_o new_a philosophy_n i_o dare_v not_o commend_v as_o everywhere_a perfect_a and_o absolute_a be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n invent_v and_o not_o yet_o bring_v to_o mature_a perfection_n yet_o will_v it_o savour_v of_o little_a ingenuity_n or_o judgement_n in_o any_o man_n perverse_o to_o deny_v all_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o plain_a experiment_n and_o observation_n since_o no_o philosophy_n be_v every_o way_n so_o exact_a but_o require_v experience_n daily_o to_o correct_v it_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o absolute_a discourse_n of_o magnetical_a boby_n and_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o search_n who_o experimental_a industry_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o such_o a_o subject_n only_o i_o will_v show_v some_o general_a ground_n appertain_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o i_o hold_v necessary_a for_o a_o geographer_n wherefore_o ere_o i_o curious_o distinguish_v these_o magnetical_a propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o other_o several_a kind_n i_o will_v set_v down_o this_o theorem_a as_o a_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n a_o magnetical_a body_n by_o some_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o seat_v in_o the_o air_n do_v place_n itself_o in_o one_o place_n natural_a not_o alterable_a this_o situation_n be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o star_n especial_o to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o to_o such_o as_o give_v their_o attendance_n on_o they_o late_o detect_v by_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n to_o wit_n those_o two_o star_n which_o move_v about_o saturn_n the_o four_o which_o move_v about_o jupiter_n the_o two_o which_o circle_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o last_o the_o moon_n which_o encompass_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v those_o other_o globe_n as_o far_o off_o and_o therefore_o less_o subject_a to_o our_o search_n our_o discourse_n shall_v only_o touch_v the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o live_v which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o to_o show_v more_o open_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o all_o magnetical_a globe_n have_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n which_o be_v also_o magnetical_a which_o be_v divorce_v from_o their_o proper_a sphere_n &_o meet_v no_o obstacle_n will_v settle_v themselves_o to_o the_o natural_a situation_n of_o their_o peculiar_a orb_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v two_o magnetical_a mineral_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n or_o steel_n the_o other_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n itself_o either_o ofthese_fw-mi two_o artificial_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o place_v in_o a_o little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n all_o encumbrance_n be_v remove_v will_v conform_v &_o settle_v their_o part_n and_o pole_n correspondent_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o north_n and_o south_n this_o have_v be_v find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o such_o as_o have_v travel_v round_o about_o she_o as_o drake_n and_o candish_n who_o compass_n be_v always_o direct_v magnetical_o in_o all_o place_n which_o they_o pass_v which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o disponent_fw-la faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a sphere_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o demonstration_n moreover_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o sail_v northerly_a and_o southerly_a that_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n in_o every_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v conform_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o certain_a angle_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o region_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o diversity_n of_o conformity_n must_v necessary_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n in_o itself_o absolute_o consider_v or_o else_o from_o the_o harmony_n and_o correspondency_n it_o have_v with_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n and_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n and_o our_o supposition_n then_o must_v we_o needs_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o magnetical_a disponent_fw-la virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o virtue_n the_o whole_a earth_n may_v be_v call_v magnetical_a nay_o if_o we_o true_o consider_v these_o magnetical_a affection_n primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o all_o magnetical_a body_n but_o afterward_o secondary_o be_v derive_v into_o the_o part_n because_o as_o gilbert_n relate_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o affection_n be_v the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a globe_n which_o form_n first_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o his_o homogeneal_a part_n these_o part_n be_v call_v homogeneal_a not_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o matter_n and_o quantity_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o communion_n which_o in_o every_o part_n be_v conspicuous_a if_o any_o man_n shall_v wonder_v why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v call_v magnetical_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o mineral_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o the_o least_o and_o scarce_a substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v we_o may_v many_o way_n answer_v first_o that_o although_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compose_v of_o other_o material_n more_o convenient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o dwell_v therein_o yet_o may_v infinite_a rocky_a mine_n of_o magnet_n be_v couch_v low_a towards_o the_o centre_n which_o strengthen_v and_o consolidate_v the_o earthly_a globe_n second_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v the_o magnetical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v all_o one_o kind_n of_o stone_n but_o various_a for_o somewhere_o it_o be_v hard_a &_o solid_a as_o the_o true_a magnet_n itself_o and_o the_o iron_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o mettle_n decoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n for_o iron_n oâ—â—e_n differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o somewhere_o again_o this_o substance_n be_v more_o thin_a and_o fuid_a be_v less_o concoct_v as_o some_o kind_n of_o clay_n and_o certain_a vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v magnetical_a which_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o hard_a and_o more_o massy_a substance_n will_v have_v the_o same_o affection_n and_o motion_n with_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o this_o assertion_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a nature_n we_o shall_v confirm_v more_o evident_o hereafter_o where_o we_o shall_v prove_v both_o the_o pole_n the_o meridian_n parallel_n and_o other_o circle_n to_o be_v not_o bare_a imaginary_a line_n as_o some_o have_v think_v but_o to_o be_v real_o ground_v in_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v to_o be_v show_v in_o any_o round_a loadstone_n wrought_v and_o place_v convenient_o with_o instrument_n thereunto_o apply_v 2_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o radical_a or_o derive_v the_o radical_a disposition_n we_o call_v that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o root_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o other_o magnetical_a motion_n 3_o the_o radical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o motive_n or_o disponent_fw
the_o motive_n be_v that_o by_o which_o all_o magnetical_a body_n be_v incline_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o the_o motion_n in_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n of_o a_o man_n we_o have_v two_o faculty_n which_o show_v themselves_o a_o motive_n and_o a_o directive_a or_o disponent_fw-la power_n whereof_o the_o one_o stir_n up_o the_o motion_n the_o other_o regulate_v conform_v and_o direct_v it_o the_o former_a be_v the_o will_n the_o late_a the_o discourse_n and_o judgement_n this_o distinction_n of_o faculty_n howsoever_o more_o evident_a in_o the_o soul_n find_v place_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o which_o a_o philosopher_n ought_v to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o that_o which_o give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o move_v and_o that_o which_o limit_n determine_v and_o as_o the_o schoolman_n be_v wont_a to_o speak_v modificate_v the_o action_n among_o other_o the_o magnet-stone_n seem_v most_o to_o partake_v of_o these_o two_o power_n as_o that_o which_o among_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o gilbert_n opinion_n seem_v most_o to_o have_v resemblance_n with_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n so_o that_o by_o a_o apt_a trope_n it_o have_v be_v call_v of_o many_o the_o magnetical_a soul_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o hence_o we_o may_v well_o perceive_v one_o virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o â—â—useth_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n to_o move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n another_o by_o which_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o conform_v itself_o north_n and_o south_n as_o also_o to_o observe_v certain_a angle_n correspondent_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o due_a place_n of_o the_o motive_n power_n we_o will_v produce_v these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a &_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v show_v out_o of_o evident_a experiment_n wherein_o every_o man_n sight_n may_v be_v a_o witness_n for_o if_o a_o iron-needle_n touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n be_v place_v within_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n of_o the_o stone_n it_o will_v present_o move_v itself_o notwithstanding_o the_o interposition_n of_o solid_a body_n which_o make_v gilbert_n to_o imagine_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v effect_v by_o a_o mere_a spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a effluxe_n which_o may_v well_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o light_n which_o nevertheless_o it_o surpass_v in_o subtlety_n for_o the_o light_n be_v move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n so_o quick_o that_o many_o have_v think_v this_o motion_n to_o have_v be_v in_o a_o moment_n or_o instant_n of_o time_n but_o this_o quickness_n of_o motion_n may_v much_o more_o be_v imagine_v in_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n be_v of_o a_o more_o subtle_a and_o pierce_a nature_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o this_o reason_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o light_n be_v always_o hinder_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o thick_a and_o opacous_a body_n but_o the_o virtue_n magnetical_a find_v a_o passage_n through_o all_o solid_a body_n whatsoever_o and_o meet_v with_o no_o impediment_n 2_o this_o motive_n quality_n be_v spherical_o spread_v through_o every_o part_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n here_o again_o may_v we_o find_v a_o great_a resemblance_n betwixt_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n and_o the_o light_n for_o as_o all_o light_a body_n as_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n cast_v their_o beam_n every_o way_n into_o a_o orbicular_a form_n so_o this_o magnetical_a vigour_n cast_v itself_o abroad_o not_o only_o from_o the_o centre_n towards_o the_o superficies_n but_o from_o the_o superficies_n outward_a into_o the_o air_n or_o water_n where_o this_o magnetical_a body_n be_v place_v and_o so_o make_v up_o a_o sphere_n but_o yet_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o if_o the_o body_n be_v mere_a and_o perfect_o spherical_a the_o orb_n of_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n will_v end_v in_o a_o perfect_a sphere_n as_o we_o see_v the_o magnet_n g_z to_o confine_v his_o virtue_n within_o the_o circle_n bf_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o square_a or_o any_o other_o figure_n not_o spherical_a it_o imitate_v a_o sphere_n as_o near_o as_o the_o body_n will_v suffer_v in_o that_o it_o spread_v itself_o everywhere_a from_o the_o centre_n by_o right_a line_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v confine_v in_o a_o square_a figure_n correspondent_a to_o the_o body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v as_o we_o see_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o square_a magnet_n a_o to_o cast_v his_o beam_n into_o the_o square_a figure_n ld_n 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n by_o so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o these_o part_n be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n we_o suppose_v out_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o magnetical_a philosophy_n that_o a_o magnet_n have_v two_o pole_n who_o use_n we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o these_o pole_n be_v find_v by_o experiment_n to_o have_v more_o force_n and_o vigour_n in_o they_o then_o other_o part_n and_o all_o other_o part_n to_o enjoy_v more_o or_o less_o force_n by_o how_o much_o near_o or_o far_o off_o they_o be_v situate_v to_o their_o pole_n the_o reason_n be_v ascribe_v by_o these_o writer_n to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o magnetical_a vigour_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o load_n stone_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o this_o figure_n follow_v in_o gilbert_n express_v the_o great_a magnetical_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n let_v the_o spherical_a superficies_n of_o it_o be_v hqe_a the_o pole_n e_o the_o centre_n m_o hq_n the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a from_o every_o point_n of_o this_o equinoctial_a plain_n the_o vigour_n magnetical_a be_v convey_v and_o extend_v to_o cfne_v and_o to_o every_o point_n from_o c_o to_o e_z the_o pole_n but_o not_o towards_o the_o point_n b_o so_o neither_o from_o g_z towards_z c._n the_o vigour_n be_v not_o strengthen_v in_o the_o part_n fhg_v from_o that_o which_o be_v gmfe_n but_o fgh_n do_v increase_v the_o virtue_n in_o h_n so_o that_o there_o can_v arise_v no_o vigour_n so_o far_o from_o the_o parallel_n to_o the_o axel_n tree_n above_o the_o say_a parallel_n but_o internal_o from_o the_o parallel_n to_o the_o pole_n so_o we_o see_v that_o from_o every_o point_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n the_o force_n be_v derive_v to_o the_o pole_n e._n but_o the_o point_n f_o have_v only_o the_o vigour_n from_o gh_a and_o the_o point_n n_o from_o oh_o but_o the_o pole_n e_z be_v corroborate_v and_o strengthen_v from_o the_o whole_a plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a hq_n wherefore_o the_o vigour_n magnetical_a in_o this_o pole_n be_v most_o eminent_a and_o remarkable_a but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n as_o for_o example_n in_o f_o the_o magnetical_a quality_n be_v so_o far_o strengthen_v as_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_a h_n can_v give_v but_o dr_n ridley_n in_o his_o late_a magnetical_a treatise_n in_o the_o 6._o chapt._n seem_v to_o oppose_v this_o demonstration_n for_o although_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o vigour_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n yet_o say_v he_o if_o trial_n be_v make_v what_o the_o pole_n will_v take_v perpendicular_o and_o also_o what_o the_o part_n above_o 34_o degree_n will_v lift_v up_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v half_a asmuch_o perpendicular_o so_o that_o the_o pole_n do_v not_o take_v up_o as_o much_o as_o this_o and_o the_o other_o part_n do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o the_o decision_n of_o these_o difference_n i_o leave_v to_o such_o as_o be_v more_o experimental_a than_o myself_o be_v destitute_a of_o those_o help_n and_o instrument_n which_o they_o enjoy_v 4_o it_o behoove_v we_o in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o disponent_fw-la vigour_n of_o magnetical_a body_n the_o disponent_fw-la force_n we_o call_v that_o faculty_n by_o which_o magnetical_a body_n be_v dispose_v or_o direct_v to_o a_o certain_a site_n or_o position_n 1_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n this_o proposition_n be_v confirm_v by_o manifold_a experiment_n for_o magnetical_a body_n be_v never_o find_v to_o move_v uncertain_o and_o at_o all_o adventure_n but_o conform_v themselves_o to_o certain_a pole_n and_o make_v certain_a angle_n proportional_a to_o the_o latitude_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o in_o particular_a the_o reason_n of_o which_o experiment_n we_o can_v draw_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n which_o we_o will_v have_v direct_v to_o certain_a end_n that_o nothing_o in_o her_o commonwealth_n may_v seem_v idle_a or_o unnecessary_a wherefore_o she_o give_v all_o agent_n not_o only_o a_o power_n to_o work_v their_o end_n but_o also_o show_v they_o the_o way_n square_n and_o regulate_v the_o mean_n which_o direct_v unto_o the_o end_n nowhere_a be_v this_o
directive_a power_n more_o remarkable_a then_o in_o magnetical_a body_n especial_o in_o their_o direction_n and_o variation_n motion_n treat_v of_o hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a to_o which_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o theorem_a we_o refer_v the_o reader_n 9_o the_o radical_a faculty_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v somewhat_o speak_v of_o aswell_o in_o their_o motive_n as_o disponent_fw-la virtue_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o derive_v motion_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o these_o faculty_n 6_o these_o motion_n magnetical_a be_v either_o partial_a or_o total_a the_o partial_a we_o call_v that_o by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v magnetical_o move_v and_o conform_v as_o well_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o to_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n 7_o the_o magnetical_a partial_a motion_n be_v coition_n direction_n variation_n and_o declination_n magnetical_a coition_n be_v that_o motion_n by_o which_o magnetical_a body_n be_v join_v and_o apply_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o iron_n and_o steel_n which_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o move_v unto_o the_o loadstone_n and_o cleave_v unto_o it_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v place_v within_o the_o sphere_n of_o his_o virtue_n this_o motion_n be_v common_o call_v attraction_n but_o improper_o as_o be_v observe_v by_o d._n gilbert_n 1_o because_o attraction_n seem_v to_o suppose_v a_o external_a force_n or_o violence_n by_o which_o one_o thing_n be_v carry_v and_o move_v unto_o another_o but_o the_o coition_n be_v mere_o natural_a as_o proceed_v from_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o both_o the_o body_n 2_o attraction_n suppose_v the_o force_n of_o move_v to_o be_v only_o in_o the_o one_o party_n and_o the_o other_o to_o be_v mere_o passive_a and_o not_o active_o concur_v to_o this_o motion_n whereas_o in_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n both_o part_n be_v mutual_o incline_v by_o nature_n to_o meet_v and_o join_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o not_o that_o the_o force_n of_o motion_n in_o both_o part_n be_v always_o equal_a because_o one_o magnetical_a body_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a than_o the_o other_o and_o then_o the_o one_o part_n seem_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o draw_v the_o other_o unto_o it_o although_o there_o be_v in_o this_o part_n so_o rest_v a_o inclination_n to_o the_o other_o which_o mutual_a inclination_n of_o conjunction_n in_o magnet_n we_o may_v easy_o see_v in_o two_o magnet_n of_o equal_a quantity_n and_o virtue_n which_o be_v set_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n will_v so_o move_v that_o they_o will_v meet_v in_o the_o midway_n some_o have_v go_v about_o to_o parallel_v this_o attractive_a force_n of_o the_o loadstone_n with_o the_o attractive_a force_n of_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o we_o see_v by_o a_o natural_a virtue_n to_o draw_v unto_o itself_o little_a straw_n and_o other_o such_o like_a matter_n but_o he_o that_o true_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o magnetical_a body_n shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n first_o because_o the_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o electricall_a body_n draw_v unto_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o matter_n whereas_o otherwise_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o form_n as_o be_v too_o subtle_a a_o thing_n to_o spring_v from_o a_o material_a substance_n second_o electricall_a body_n draw_v and_o attract_v not_o without_o rub_v and_o stir_v up_o of_o the_o matter_n first_o and_o present_o fail_v if_o any_o vapour_n or_o thick_a body_n shall_v be_v interpose_v but_o in_o a_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o find_v no_o such_o matter_n because_o it_o require_v no_o such_o preparation_n or_o rub_v of_o the_o stone_n nor_o be_v hinder_v by_o interposition_n of_o solid_a body_n as_o we_o prove_v in_o this_o place_n three_o the_o loadstone_n move_v and_o provoke_v to_o motion_n nothing_o else_o but_o other_o magnetical_a body_n but_o the_o electricall_a will_v draw_v any_o little_a thing_n as_o straw_n hair_n dust_n and_o such_o like_a four_o the_o magnet_n will_v lift_v a_o great_a weight_n according_a to_o his_o virtue_n and_o quantity_n but_o jet_n the_o small_a and_o light_a thing_n last_o the_o electricall_a body_n as_o gilbert_n well_o confirm_v by_o experiment_n draw_v other_o body_n unto_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o moist_a effluence_n of_o vapour_n which_o have_v a_o quality_n of_o join_v body_n together_o as_o we_o see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o two_o stick_n in_o water_n at_o a_o certain_a distance_n which_o will_v common_o move_v till_o they_o meet_v together_o but_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n can_v be_v other_o than_o a_o act_n of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o many_o philosopher_n have_v free_o spend_v their_o uncertain_a conjecture_n rather_o out_o of_o a_o fear_n to_o be_v esteem_v ignorant_a then_o of_o confidence_n to_o be_v account_v learned_a most_o run_v upon_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n which_o grow_v from_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o four_o element_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v very_o feeble_a and_o can_v go_v without_o crouch_n for_o since_o all_o mix_a form_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o temperament_n and_o disposition_n they_o add_v nothing_o to_o the_o thing_n compound_v but_o diverse_o modificate_n what_o be_v before_o in_o the_o simple_a element_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o such_o a_o affection_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v only_o find_v in_o the_o magnet_n and_o no_o other_o mix_v body_n indeed_o we_o ascribe_v this_o affection_n to_o the_o form_n as_o the_o immediate_a cause_n but_o by_o this_o form_n we_o understand_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mixture_n result_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o four_o quality_n but_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o all_o globous_a body_n such_o as_o be_v the_o sun_n moon_n star_n and_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n whereon_o we_o live_v who_o nature_n receive_v the_o stamp_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o integrity_n he_o that_o shall_v seek_v for_o the_o original_n of_o all_o form_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o mixture_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o four_o element_n shall_v labour_v much_o and_o find_v little_a and_o neither_o at_o last_o be_v able_a to_o content_v himself_o or_o instruct_v other_o except_o we_o suppose_v a_o man_n sufficient_o teach_v when_o he_o hear_v ordinary_a matter_n express_v in_o exotic_a and_o artificial_a term_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o content_v myself_o with_o a_o rule_n of_o biel_n the_o schooleman_n that_o when_o a_o immediate_a effect_n proceed_v from_o a_o immediate_a cause_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o search_v far_o why_o such_o a_o cause_n shall_v produce_v such_o a_o effect_n every_o man_n be_v demand_v why_o the_o fire_n be_v hot_a be_v ready_a to_o fly_v to_o the_o form_n of_o fire_n and_o allege_v this_o as_o the_o cause_n but_o shall_v he_o inquire_v further_o why_o the_o form_n of_o fire_n shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o heat_n he_o may_v perhaps_o puzzle_v a_o whole_a academy_n of_o philosopher_n and_o never_o prove_v himself_o the_o wise_a for_o the_o further_a illustration_n of_o this_o motion_n these_o theorem_n will_v seem_v necessary_a 1_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o experience_n teach_v that_o any_o iron-instrument_n touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n receive_v instant_o the_o same_o virtue_n attractive_a but_o the_o manner_n how_o this_o virtue_n shall_v be_v communicate_v on_o so_o slight_a a_o touch_n have_v be_v controvert_v the_o common_a philosopher_n have_v imagine_v that_o certain_a little_a part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o in_o the_o touch_n which_o cleave_v to_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n cause_n this_o attraction_n but_o that_o this_o virtue_n can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o corporal_a process_n or_o any_o such_o little_a part_n cleave_v to_o the_o iron_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o imagine_v for_o first_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o with_o a_o bare_a touch_n these_o part_n shall_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o magnet_n or_o at_o least_o shall_v be_v so_o fast_o link_v to_o the_o iron_n second_o these_o part_n be_v so_o little_a and_o insensible_a can_v have_v so_o much_o vigour_n as_o we_o see_v a_o iron_n will_v have_v at_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o loadstone_n three_o the_o loadstone_n can_v work_v upon_o the_o iron_n notwithstanding_o any_o body_n interpose_v which_o be_v a_o evident_a sign_n that_o the_o iron_n itself_o be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a temper_n wherefore_o to_o show_v a_o reason_n of_o this_o effect_n we_o say_v that_o iron_n be_v a_o mettle_n excoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o albeit_o it_o
retain_v in_o itself_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o loadstone_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o liquefaction_n be_v altogether_o languish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v bury_v but_o upon_o touch_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v stir_v up_o to_o his_o former_a vigour_n for_o the_o magnet_n insinuat_v his_o incorporeal_a influence_n into_o the_o iron_n and_o so_o rectify_v and_o animate_v that_o force_n which_o be_v almost_o dead_a 2_o the_o magnetical_a coiton_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o the_o iron_n needle_n which_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v attract_v and_o the_o pole_n and_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n then_o this_o coition_n will_v be_v to_o a_o perpendicular_a as_o in_o a_o and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o pole_n in_o the_o diagramme_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n they_o will_v oblique_o respect_v and_o point_n and_o by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v by_o so_o much_o be_v this_o virtue_n weak_a but_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la itself_o it_o become_v mere_o parallel_v without_o any_o inclination_n at_o all_o to_o know_v in_o what_o proportion_n this_o force_n be_v increase_v or_o weaken_v we_o must_v put_v another_o ground_n that_o the_o force_n of_o this_o coition_n be_v increase_v proportional_o as_o the_o chord_n of_o a_o circle_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o least_o chorde_v in_o a_o circle_n differ_v from_o the_o diameter_n so_o much_o the_o force_n attractive_a differ_v from_o themselves_o for_o since_o the_o attraction_n be_v a_o coition_n of_o one_o body_n with_o another_o and_o magnetical_a body_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o convertible_a nature_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o in_o the_o diameter_n direct_o meet_v with_o the_o body_n but_o in_o other_o place_n less_o so_o that_o the_o less_o it_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o body_n the_o less_o and_o weak_a will_v be_v the_o coition_n 3_o so_o much_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o magnetical_a direction_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a conversion_n and_o conformity_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o magnetical_a body_n so_o seat_v that_o it_o can_v move_v without_o any_o impediment_n will_v turn_v itself_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o the_o one_o pole_n of_o it_o will_v respect_v the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o the_o south_n which_o motion_n we_o call_v direction_n this_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o mariner_n compass_v who_o lily_n always_o respect_v the_o north_n point_fw-fr if_o a_o compass_n be_v want_v the_o same_o may_v be_v show_v in_o a_o little_a corken-boate_n which_o be_v put_v in_o the_o water_n with_o a_o loadstone_n in_o it_o will_v so_o turn_v and_o convert_v itself_o that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n will_v at_o length_n point_n out_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o manner_n how_o shall_v be_v disclose_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n part_n to_o the_o south_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n some_o have_v produce_v this_o experiment_n let_v there_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n a_o magnet_n of_o reasonable_a quantity_n let_v the_o two_o pole_n both_o north_n and_o south_n be_v mark_v out_o in_o the_o loadstone_n the_o manner_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o teach_v hereafter_o then_o let_v it_o be_v put_v in_o a_o corken_v little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o may_v free_o float_v hither_o &_o thither_o it_o will_v be_v evident_a that_o that_o part_n which_o in_o the_o rock_n or_o i_o point_v northward_o will_v respect_v the_o south_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o south_n part_n will_v respect_v the_o north_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v the_o magnet_n as_o it_o be_v continuate_v with_o the_o mine_n or_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v ab_fw-la so_o that_o a_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o north_n pole_n b_o the_o southpole_n let_v this_o loadstone_n be_v cut_v out_o of_o this_o rock_n or_o i_o &_o place_v on_o the_o water_n in_o a_o little_a timber_n boat_n which_o shall_v be_v cd_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o little_a dish_n or_o boat_n will_v turn_v itself_o so_o long_o until_o the_o northpart_v a_o be_v turn_v to_o the_o southpart_n b_o and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o southpart_n b_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o northpart_v a_o and_o this_o comformity_n will_v the_o whole_a rock_n of_o loadstone_n claim_n if_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o separate_v from_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o magnet_n in_o the_o boat_n on_o the_o water_n turn_v wind_v and_o seat_v itself_o to_o a_o contrary_a motion_n to_o that_o it_o primary_o receive_v while_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o unite_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o great_a magnet_n be_v because_o every_o part_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n become_v of_o itself_o a_o perfect_a complete_a magnetical_a body_n as_o we_o may_v say_v a_o little_a earth_n have_v all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o great_a globe_n as_o pole_n meridian_n aequator_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o magnetical_a union_n speak_v of_o in_o our_o next_o theorem_a will_v in_o no_o wise_n endure_v to_o settle_v itself_o as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o deem_v it_o a_o thing_n more_o natural_a and_o of_o more_o perfection_n to_o turn_v his_o aspect_n a_o contrary_a way_n to_o that_o which_o he_o enjoy_v at_o his_o first_o constitution_n here_o may_v we_o note_v a_o great_a error_n of_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n who_o in_o his_o corollary_n upon_o the_o 15_o chap._n of_o his_o cosmographical_a comment_n on_o p._n appian_n affirm_v that_o the_o needle_n magnetical_o effect_v will_v on_o this_o side_n the_o aequator_fw-la respect_v the_o north-pole_n but_o be_v past_o the_o line_n will_v straightway_o turn_v about_o and_o point_n to_o the_o southpole_n a_o error_n as_o mr_n hues_n say_v unworthy_a so_o great_a a_o mathematician_n but_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n in_o some_o â—ort_n may_v be_v excuse_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o magnetical_a philosophy_n be_v in_o his_o time_n either_o not_o discover_v or_o most_o unperfect_o know_v and_o the_o uncertain_a relation_n of_o navigator_n be_v repute_v the_o best_a argument_n and_o how_o easy_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v for_o a_o traveller_n in_o this_o sort_n to_o deceive_v a_o scholar_n who_o out_o of_o his_o read_n and_o experience_n can_v show_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v every_o man_n judge_v 2_o this_o contrary_a motion_n here_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n this_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o gilbert_n in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o whole_a magnetical_a body_n be_v cd_o then_o c_z will_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o and_o d_o unto_o the_o south_n part_n a._n let_v this_o magnet_n be_v cut_v in_o twain_o by_o the_o middle_a line_n or_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o point_n e_o will_v tend_v to_o a_o and_o the_o part_n f_o will_v direct_v itself_o to_o b_o for_o as_o in_o the_o whole_a so_o in_o the_o part_n divide_v nature_n desire_v the_o union_n of_o these_o body_n the_o end_n e_z willing_o accord_v with_o f_o but_z e_z will_v not_o willing_o join_v itself_o with_o d_o nor_o f_o with_o c_o for_o than_o it_o will_v have_v c_o against_o its_o nature_n to_o move_v towards_o a_o the_o south_n or_o d_o in_o b_o which_o be_v the_o south_n separate_a the_o stone_n in_o the_o place_n of_o division_n and_o turn_v c_o to_o d_o and_o they_o will_v convenient_o agree_v and_o accord_n for_o d_o will_v turn_v itself_o to_o the_o south_n as_o before_o and_o c_o to_o the_o north_n and_o e_z and_o f_o joint_a part_n in_o the_o mineral_n or_o rock_n will_v now_o be_v most_o sunder_v for_o these_o magnetical_a part_n concur_v and_o meet_v together_o not_o by_o any_o affinity_n of_o matter_n but_o receive_v all_o their_o motion_n and_o inclination_n from_o the_o form_n so_o that_o the_o limit_n whether_o joint_n or_o divide_v be_v direct_v magnetical_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o divide_a body_n 3_o if_o any_o part_n southward_o of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o shall_v be_v also_o diminish_v of_o the_o northpart_n and_o contrariwise_o if_o any_o part_n be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o northpart_n so_o much_o shall_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o
express_v and_o show_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n by_o the_o directory_n needle_n equal_o poyze_v when_o it_o be_v set_v in_o any_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n but_o this_o declination_n whereof_o we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v be_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o iron-wire_n or_o needle_n first_o equilibrate_v and_o then_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o loadstone_n upon_o his_o own_o axis_n from_o that_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o other_o end_n of_o it_o tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o may_v for_o the_o better_a express_v of_o the_o motion_n note_v two_o thing_n 1_o that_o the_o magnetical_a wire_n set_v in_o a_o convenient_a instrument_n if_o it_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o pole_n or_o from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o turn_v itself_o round_o and_o make_v a_o circumvolution_n about_o his_o own_o axle_n 2_o that_o by_o this_o conversion_n and_o circumvolution_n about_o his_o axle_n it_o will_v according_a to_o diverse_a place_n and_o latitude_n make_v diverse_a angle_n in_o diverse_a place_n both_o which_o be_v include_v in_o this_o motion_n of_o declination_n and_o be_v warrant_v by_o experience_n make_v by_o a_o inclinatory_a needle_n apply_v to_o a_o terrella_n or_o round_a loadstone_n as_o also_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o navigation_n on_o the_o great_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o explain_v which_o motion_n there_o be_v curious_a instrument_n form_v and_o invent_v by_o dr_n gilbert_n and_o dr_n ridley_n which_o the_o curious_a in_o this_o kind_n to_o their_o great_a satisfaction_n may_v peruse_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o will_v here_o content_v ourselves_o with_o one_o figure_n follow_v borrow_a from_o their_o more_o copious_a invention_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v enough_o to_o express_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o motion_n in_o this_o figure_n let_v abcd_v be_v the_o terrella_n or_o round_a magnet_n represent_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o the_o north-pole_n b_o the_o south_n aâ—b_n the_o axle_n ce_v the_o aequator_fw-la akb_n and_o alb_n the_o meridian_n circle_v meet_v in_o the_o pole_n ac_fw-la and_o bd_o the_o meridian_n or_o right_a horizon_n have_v in_o it_o the_o two_o pole_n fg_v and_o he_o two_o parallel_n the_o loadstone_n be_v thus_o design_v in_o his_o outward_a pole_n as_o it_o be_v according_a to_o his_o natural_a eminency_n store_v inward_o let_v the_o needle_n be_v place_v be_v before_o touch_v on_o the_o limb_n over-against_o the_o pole_n ab_fw-la and_o we_o shall_v observe_v they_o to_o respect_v they_o direct_o concur_v in_o one_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o set_v the_o same_o needle_n in_o the_o limb_n over_o against_o the_o aequator_fw-la cd_o and_o they_o will_v dispose_v &_o settle_v themselves_o in_o a_o parallel_a site_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o incline_v neither_o to_o one_o pole_n or_o other_o hence_o may_v be_v collect_v by_o plain_a consequence_n that_o there_o be_v a_o semicircle_n betwixt_o each_o of_o these_o four_o needle_n now_o to_o find_v the_o quadrant_n of_o these_o apply_v needle_n in_o the_o limbeat_fw-la 33_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la on_o each_o side_n of_o he_o and_o they_o will_v make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o same_o where_o these_o eight_o needle_n have_v 8_o quadrant_n between_o they_o that_o be_v four_o semi-circle_n which_o will_v make_v two_o whole_a circle_n one_o on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o if_o you_o place_v the_o needle_n in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n they_o will_v respect_v the_o axle_n but_o oblique_o as_o in_o all_o other_o part_n except_o in_o the_o eight_o place_n beforementioned_a from_o hence_o may_v we_o learn_v what_o we_o propose_v first_o that_o the_o declination_n be_v a_o conversion_n of_o the_o magnetical_a wire_n or_o needle_n upon_o its_o own_o axle_n second_o that_o this_o wire_n by_o this_o motion_n so_o excite_v if_o it_o be_v move_v on_o any_o meridian_n north_n or_o south_n will_v apply_v and_o conform_v itself_o according_a to_o certain_a angle_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o there_o will_v arise_v this_o corollary_n that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n about_o the_o round_a magnet_n make_v two_o circle_n concern_v this_o declination_n we_o will_v insert_v two_o especial_a theorem_n 1_o the_o declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v that_o this_o motion_n of_o declination_n suppose_v two_o motion_n the_o one_o of_o conversion_n whereby_o the_o needle_n be_v turn_v round_o on_o his_o own_o axis_n the_o other_o a_o progressive_a motion_n whereby_o the_o centre_n itself_o of_o the_o inclinatory_a needle_n be_v carry_v forward_o upon_o a_o meridian_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o these_o two_o motion_n suppose_v to_o proceed_v and_o begin_v together_o can_v possible_o meet_v in_o such_o equality_n as_o that_o the_o degree_n of_o declination_n direct_o answer_v in_o equality_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v let_v the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v a_o this_o body_n while_o it_o shall_v be_v move_v above_o the_o earth_n from_o gd_a the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o pole_n b_o will_v be_v turn_v upon_o his_o own_o centre_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o centre_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la to_o the_o pole_n b_o it_o will_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la d_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o two_o pole_n therefore_o the_o middle_n must_v needs_o turn_v fast_o on_o his_o own_o centre_n than_o the_o centre_n itself_o turn_v forward_o that_o by_o this_o conversion_n it_o shall_v direct_o respect_v the_o point_n d_o wherefore_o this_o motion_n will_v be_v swift_a in_o the_o first_o degree_n to_o wit_n from_o a_o to_o l_o but_o in_o the_o latter_a it_o will_v be_v slow_a from_o l_o to_o b_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o d_o to_z c._n now_o if_o the_o declination_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n than_o the_o magnetical_a wire_n shall_v observe_v and_o follow_v the_o faculty_n and_o peculiar_a virtue_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o a_o operative_a and_o attractive_a point_n but_o reason_n &_o experience_n teach_v that_o it_o observe_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o mass_n with_o all_o the_o external_a limit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o loadstone_n the_o whole_a virtue_n and_o force_n of_o both_o concur_v aswell_o of_o the_o convertible_a wire_n as_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n nevertheless_o from_o this_o experiment_n the_o skilful_a in_o magnetical_a philosophy_n have_v find_v out_o a_o proportion_n whereby_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n may_v instrumental_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o degree_n of_o declination_n 2_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o admirable_a in_o nature_n than_o the_o order_n and_o situation_n of_o all_o body_n in_o their_o place_n most_o convenient_a for_o each_o one_o conservation_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o which_o harmony_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o our_o second_o chapter_n it_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o proper_a motion_n convenient_a to_o place_n and_o seat_n itself_o both_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o itself_o and_o the_o whole_a universe_n this_o natural_a inclination_n be_v nowhere_o more_o eminent_a and_o cospicuous_a then_o in_o the_o harmony_n of_o magnetical_a body_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n these_o motion_n some_o have_v impute_v to_o the_o attractive_a force_n but_o very_o erroneous_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v already_o of_o direction_n and_o variation_n and_o shall_v here_o demonstrate_v concern_v the_o magnetical_a declination_n for_o first_o if_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o any_o attractive_a force_n approach_v it_o will_v follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o a_o terrella_n or_o round_a sphere_n make_v of_o a_o solid_a or_o perfect_a loadstone_n will_v more_o turn_v and_o wrest_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n then_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o weak_a and_o more_o imperfect_a substance_n also_o that_o a_o needle_n touch_v with_o a_o strong_a stone_n shall_v show_v a_o great_a declination_n than_o that_o touch_v with_o a_o weak_a but_o experience_n have_v find_v the_o contrary_a because_o the_o declination_n will_v be_v all_o one_o be_v the_o stone_n strong_a or_o weak_a moreover_o a_o loadstone_n arm_v with_o a_o iron-nose_n as_o they_o term_v it_o put_v upon_o the_o meridian_n in_o any_o latitude_n will_v not_o lift_v up_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n more_o perpendicular_o then_o if_o it_o be_v naked_a and_o uncover_v although_o
earth_n which_o must_v move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n from_o west_n to_o east_n for_o the_o first_o we_o must_v take_v aâ—_n grant_v of_o those_o which_o defend_v the_o opposite_a opinion_n these_o two_o ground_n 1_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o motion_n if_o it_o be_v a_o heavenly_a body_n be_v the_o first_o movable_a and_o supreme_a sphere_n of_o all_o the_o celestial_a machine_n because_o all_o the_o rest_n have_v assign_v they_o their_o several_a motion_n 2_o that_o of_o two_o body_n circular_o move_v upon_o the_o same_o centre_n in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n that_o which_o be_v great_a in_o quantity_n must_v needs_o have_v the_o swift_a motion_n as_o we_o see_v the_o spoke_n of_o a_o wheel_n to_o move_v fast_o near_o the_o circumference_n but_o slow_a in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o centre_n this_o grant_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o great_a of_o the_o first_o and_o supreme_a orb_n to_o be_v so_o incomparable_o vast_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o according_a to_o this_o magnitude_n to_o be_v increase_v to_o such_o a_o swiftness_n as_o must_v needs_o transcend_v all_o fiction_n and_o imagination_n for_o beside_o the_o two_o element_n place_v by_o the_o peripatetic_n betwixt_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o celestial_a body_n to_o wit_n air_n and_o fire_n which_o challenge_v no_o mean_a distance_n betwixt_o their_o concave_n and_o convexe_a superficies_n who_o know_v not_o how_o many_o distinct_a and_o strange_a concameration_n of_o orb_n and_o circle_n be_v place_v and_o sign_v ouâ—_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o first_o movable_a aristotle_n have_v reduce_v all_o the_o orb_n to_o eight_o whereof_o seven_o be_v allot_v to_o the_o seven_o planet_n but_o the_o eight_o to_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v fasten_v as_o so_o many_o nail_n in_o the_o same_o wheel_n but_o ptolemy_n perceive_v this_o number_n to_o be_v insufficient_a to_o satisfy_v his_o observation_n be_v enforce_v to_o add_v a_o nine_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n yet_o this_o content_v not_o alphonsus_n but_o he_o must_v make_v up_o ten_o and_o although_o this_o opinion_n prevail_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o school_n of_o philosopher_n as_o most_o exact_a and_o absolute_a yet_o come_v it_o far_o short_a to_o satisfy_v the_o search_n of_o two_o latter_a astronomer_n clavius_n and_o maginus_fw-la who_o to_o add_v something_o to_o antiquity_n have_v find_v out_o another_o orb_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a tale_n be_v become_v eleven_o and_o much_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v that_o the_o big-swollen_a belly_n of_o this_o learned_a ignorance_n will_v beget_v more_o child_n to_o help_v the_o mother_n because_o all_o the_o former_a have_v prove_v lame_a and_o impotent_a god_n send_v she_o a_o safe_a delivery_n to_o return_v to_o my_o purpose_n all_o these_o orb_n thus_o range_v and_o concamerate_v in_o order_n can_v but_o have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a thickness_n and_o profundity_n be_v to_o carry_v in_o they_o such_o huge_a and_o vast_a body_n as_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o be_v of_o themselves_o mighty_a globe_n for_o the_o most_o part_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n as_o philosopher_n have_v find_v out_o by_o diverse_a mathematical_a instrument_n and_o express_v in_o table_n also_o because_o among_o the_o planetary_a orb_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o cleave_v into_o many_o partial_a and_o lesser_a orb_n as_o epicycle_n and_o excentrickes_n the_o first_o of_o which_o must_v in_o reason_n surpass_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o planet_n the_o profundity_n of_o all_o these_o orb_n be_v measure_v by_o their_o diameter_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o surmount_v each_o other_o in_o extraordinary_a proportion_n for_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v 1718_o german_a mile_n the_o great_a distance_n or_o elongation_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v new_a 65_o semidiameters_a of_o the_o earth_n the_o least_o be_v 55_o semidiameters_a the_o great_a elongation_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o the_o middle_a space_n be_v 68_o the_o least_o 52_o semidiameters_a of_o the_o earth_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v yet_o of_o more_o thickness_n and_o profundity_n to_o pass_v over_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o come_v to_o the_o sun_n we_o shall_v find_v his_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n in_o his_o great_a excentricity_n to_o be_v 1142_o semidiameters_a of_o the_o earth_n mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v yet_o far_o off_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o their_o orb_n endow_v with_o a_o great_a treasure_n of_o thickness_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o firmament_n wherein_o be_v place_v the_o fix_a star_n be_v by_o the_o best_a mathematician_n think_v incomprehensible_a and_o not_o measurable_a by_o man_n industry_n in_o so_o much_o that_o aristotle_n hold_v the_o earth_n no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o point_n if_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o eight_o sphere_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o high_a and_o first_o movable_a to_o let_v pass_v the_o nine_o sphere_n the_o ten_o which_o be_v vulgar_o think_v the_o first_o movable_a if_o it_o be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o rest_n will_v have_v his_o convexe_n superficies_n move_v so_o fast_o in_o one_o hour_n that_o it_o will_v overcome_v so_o much_o space_n as_o 3000_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o the_o convexe_n superficies_n of_o the_o starry_a firmament_n it_o will_v contain_v more_o than_o 1800._o and_o who_o can_v be_v so_o sharp_o sight_v to_o see_v the_o profundity_n and_o thickness_n of_o this_o orb_n contain_v in_o it_o star_n innumerable_a whereof_o some_o be_v apparent_a to_o each_o man_n eye_n other_o lie_v hide_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n whereof_o many_o have_v late_o be_v discover_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n late_o find_v out_o so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o probable_a conjecture_n that_o all_o these_o star_n be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o same_o orb_n or_o at_o least_o that_o this_o orb_n be_v far_o great_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o ordinary_a current_n of_o astronomer_n have_v imagine_v it_o to_o be_v to_o these_o eight_o orb_n here_o decipher_v shall_v we_o add_v the_o caelum_fw-la chrystallinum_n the_o primum_fw-la mobile_n the_o idol_n of_o our_o common_a astrologer_n and_o another_o which_o clavius_n and_o maginus_fw-la have_v invent_v what_o bind_v shall_v we_o set_v to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o the_o swiftness_n of_o their_o motion_n how_o far_o beyond_o all_o rove_a imagination_n or_o poetical_a fiction_n shall_v it_o transcend_v as_o thatwhich_v neither_o nature_n can_v ever_o suffer_v or_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n understand_v a_o motion_n a_o thousand-fold_n swift_a than_o the_o flight_n of_o a_o bullet_n from_o a_o piece_n of_o ordinance_n i_o have_v almost_o say_v then_o think_v itself_o for_o if_o a_o man_n cast_v his_o imagination_n on_o some_o mark_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o sun_n parallel_n on_o theterrestriall_a globe_n and_o so_o instant_o transfer_v it_o to_o another_o and_o so_o to_o a_o three_o pass_v over_o at_o each_o time_n the_o distance_n of_o 100_o mile_n he_o will_v find_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v far_o swift_a in_o his_o motion_n and_o to_o have_v over-passed_n he_o incomparable_o in_o his_o course_n be_v the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o his_o course_n no_o great_a than_o one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n he_o shall_v by_o their_o own_o computation_n finish_v his_o course_n in_o 24_o hour_n and_o so_o run_v 21600_o mile_n in_o that_o time_n which_o make_v 900_o mile_n in_o one_o hour_n and_o if_o this_o motion_n seem_v so_o swift_a that_o it_o can_v hardly_o have_v credit_n among_o ordinary_a capacity_n what_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o this_o motion_n which_o be_v imagine_v infinite_o swift_a if_o ptolemy_n fear_v lest_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v and_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o a_o far_o slow_a motion_n of_o what_o shall_v we_o imagine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v make_v which_o can_v suffer_v so_o portentous_a and_o incogitable_a a_o whirl_n here_o the_o common_a philosopher_n stand_v astonish_v and_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o know_v nothing_o he_o will_v say_v any_o thing_n why_o say_v he_o shall_v we_o not_o believe_v it_o since_o the_o heaven_n in_o their_o motion_n find_v no_o resistance_n whereas_o all_o other_o body_n be_v slack_v by_o the_o medium_n or_o air_n by_o which_o they_o be_v to_o move_v if_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v any_o such_o let_v or_o hindrance_n it_o will_v be_v either_o in_o the_o agent_n or_o mover_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n or_o body_n move_v not_o in_o the_o mover_n because_o as_o aristotle_n
other_o a_o less_o and_o yet_o in_o the_o same_o period_n of_o time_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n follow_v let_v the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a a_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o will_v sensible_o move_v for_o that_o day_n in_o the_o parallel_n ap._n then_o let_v he_o be_v move_v by_o his_o periodicke_a motion_n into_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a b_o it_o will_v for_o that_o moment_n move_v in_o the_o parallel_n ibo._n last_o of_o all_o let_v it_o be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la c._n his_o parallel_n will_v be_v hcl._n it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o our_o former_a ground_n that_o he_o will_v be_v move_v slow_a in_o ap._n fast_a in_o io._n fast_o of_o all_o in_o hcl._n which_o swiftness_n and_o slowness_n in_o the_o sun_n motion_n make_v it_o irregular_a some_o have_v think_v to_o salve_v this_o by_o say_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v regular_a because_o in_o equal_a time_n the_o sun_n go_v proportional_a not_o equal_a space_n which_o aguillonius_fw-la hold_v in_o his_o optics_n but_o this_o shift_n be_v frivolous_a because_o it_o take_v not_o away_o the_o objection_n why_o the_o sun_n shall_v move_v fast_o and_o slow_o for_o the_o heaven_n be_v a_o natural_a not_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n and_o according_a to_o these_o ground_n find_v no_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n must_v always_o work_v to_o his_o utmost_a power_n and_o so_o can_v slack_v or_o increase_v his_o action_n or_o motion_n that_o it_o shall_v move_v fast_o or_o slow_a hitherto_o have_v we_o show_v that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n can_v without_o some_o absurdity_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o show_v that_o it_o no_o way_n can_v cross_v the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o we_o shall_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o this_o circular_a motion_n shall_v cross_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n it_o will_v happen_v either_o immediate_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o mere_a nature_n which_o the_o logician_n call_v à _fw-la priore_fw-la or_o else_o in_o regard_n of_o certain_a property_n which_o follow_v necessary_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o which_o they_o term_v à _fw-fr posteriori_fw-la if_o they_o say_v it_o happen_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la in_o regard_n of_o the_o mere_a nature_n they_o must_v necessary_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o propriety_n and_o accident_n for_o a_o demonstration_n for_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o themselves_o insensible_a can_v be_v discover_v unto_o we_o but_o by_o their_o external_a propriety_n but_o if_o probable_a conjecture_n may_v here_o find_v any_o place_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a temper_n shall_v not_o challenge_v the_o same_o which_o other_o magnetical_a globe_n far_o great_a than_o the_o earth_n possess_v to_o wit_n a_o circular_a revolution_n about_o her_o own_o pole_n which_o kepler_n and_o galileus_n have_v observe_v aswell_o in_o the_o sun_n as_o jupiter_n and_o in_o like_a matter_n to_o judge_v alike_o seem_v more_o warrantable_a then_o to_o feign_v a_o disparity_n which_o nature_n never_o ground_v or_o observation_n find_v but_o this_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o small_a note_n i_o easy_o pass_v over_o follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o our_o adversary_n which_o seek_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o earth_n stability_n out_o of_o the_o external_a effect_n and_o propriety_n if_o then_o this_o revolution_n contradict_v any_o propriety_n it_o must_v be_v of_o necessity_n either_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o quantity_n and_o magnitude_n or_o else_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n or_o of_o some_o motion_n or_o of_o the_o siâ—e_n and_o position_n for_o i_o find_v no_o other_o propriety_n of_o any_o moment_n which_o can_v enter_v into_o this_o consideration_n first_o that_o the_o quantity_n can_v no_o way_n thwart_o this_o circular_a revolution_n be_v manifest_a because_o it_o will_v happen_v either_o in_o that_o it_o be_v too_o great_a or_o too_o little_a it_o can_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o greatness_n because_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n manifold_o great_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o late_a experiment_n of_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n find_v to_o move_v about_o their_o own_o axle_n in_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o time_n the_o like_a have_v other_o deliver_v of_o the_o moâ—nâ—_n and_o venus_n it_o be_v not_o then_o the_o mass_n or_o quantity_n which_o can_v hinder_v it_o in_o the_o earth_n neither_o on_o the_o other_o side_n can_v it_o be_v the_o smallness_n for_o body_n small_a be_v find_v as_o apt_a or_o rather_o apt_a to_o receive_v a_o circular_a motion_n which_o they_o will_v not_o deny_v i_o and_o therefore_o can_v this_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n can_v hinder_v this_o motion_n because_o by_o all_o sound_a philosopher_n be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v spherical_a it_o can_v but_o be_v deem_v most_o apt_a to_o receive_v revolution_n in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o have_v hence_o labour_v to_o draw_v a_o argument_n for_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n as_o deem_v this_o figure_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o earth_n for_o no_o other_o end_n or_o use_v three_o no_o quality_n in_o the_o earth_n can_v resist_v this_o circular_a motion_n for_o this_o quality_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o will_v be_v the_o natural_a heaviness_n or_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o this_o heaviness_n take_v not_o away_o the_o natural_a revolution_n 1_o because_o gravity_n or_o heaviness_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n return_v to_o their_o natural_a place_n have_v be_v sequester_v from_o it_o but_o these_o part_n have_v once_o regain_v their_o proper_a place_n move_v no_o far_o nor_o be_v in_o those_o place_n esteem_v heavy_a or_o weighty_a whence_o it_o be_v common_o say_v among_o the_o peripatetic_n nihil_fw-la gravitat_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la loco_fw-la nothing_o be_v heavy_a in_o his_o own_o place_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o staticke_a principle_n whereby_o we_o find_v heaviness_n and_o lightness_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o body_n according_a to_o the_o medium_n and_o their_o massiness_n and_o solidity_n in_o respect_n of_o one_o to_o the_o other_o 2_o if_o this_o heaviness_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o circular_a motion_n then_o either_o immediate_o by_o itself_o or_o secondary_o by_o some_o concomitant_a accident_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o gravity_n be_v a_o quality_n but_o motion_n a_o action_n which_o for_o aught_o my_o philosophy_n have_v teach_v i_o be_v not_o opposite_a if_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o accident_n then_o no_o question_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o lightness_n or_o levity_n which_o seem_v requisite_a to_o such_o a_o motion_n we_o willing_o yield_v this_o natural_a gravity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o stand_v opposite_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n or_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o any_o way_n contrary_a to_o the_o circular_a motion_n 1_o because_o contrary_n be_v always_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o eodem_fw-la genere_fw-la in_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o the_o motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n the_o one_o be_v a_o right_a motion_n the_o other_o circular_a neither_o can_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a mass_n add_v or_o diminish_v any_o thing_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o circular_a motion_n because_o a_o spherical_a and_o a_o right_a motion_n can_v either_o direct_o concur_v or_o direct_o oppose_v one_o the_o other_o 2_o we_o may_v urge_v out_o of_o the_o 4_o chap._n of_o aristotle_n 1_o book_n de_fw-fr calo_n that_o no_o circular_a motion_n can_v admit_v of_o contrariety_n which_o he_o confirm_v by_o a_o demonstration_n which_o we_o forbear_v here_o to_o insert_v be_v loath_a to_o rove_v too_o far_o from_o our_o present_a matter_n at_o length_n we_o will_v prove_v that_o this_o orbicular_a motion_n give_v unto_o the_o earth_n can_v overthrow_v or_o thwart_v any_o other_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o will_v happen_v for_o one_o of_o these_o two_o respect_n either_o because_o the_o earth_n have_v some_o motion_n or_o other_o contrary_n to_o this_o or_o else_o because_o diverse_a motion_n can_v be_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o first_o can_v be_v true_a for_o that_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o because_o the_o right_a motion_n they_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v judge_v contrary_a to_o the_o spherical_a neither_o can_v the_o late_a be_v admit_v as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n for_o howsoever_o aristotle_n set_v it_o
the_o part_n whereof_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n consist_v may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o whole_a by_o a_o magnetical_a form_n or_o disjoin_v and_o take_v by_o themselves_o in_o the_o former_a the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o move_v in_o the_o same_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v because_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n take_v together_o be_v the_o same_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o circular_a revolution_n notwithstanding_o this_o any_o part_n several_a and_o disjoin_v from_o the_o whole_a have_v a_o right_a motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o it_o return_v to_o its_o true_a natural_a union_n this_o inclination_n of_o the_o part_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o whole_a earth_n neither_o unto_o any_o part_n unite_v and_o conglobate_v to_o the_o whole_a but_o only_o to_o a_o part_n separate_v from_o his_o place_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a may_v notwithstanding_o in_o his_o place_n enjoy_v a_o circular_a motion_n now_o to_o come_v more_o near_o home_o unto_o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a homogeneity_n the_o one_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o quantity_n the_o other_o of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o former_a we_o may_v conclude_v out_o of_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o part_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o we_o understand_v it_o in_o a_o good_a sense_n first_o that_o every_o part_n be_v here_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o in_o but_o out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n second_o that_o by_o the_o whole_a we_o ought_v not_o to_o understand_v the_o whole_a globe_n with_o all_o his_o part_n conform_v in_o one_o spherical_a frame_n but_o all_o the_o part_n indefinite_o take_v for_o if_o we_o shall_v understand_v of_o the_o whole_a globe_n their_o argument_n will_v in_o no_o way_n hold_v true_a if_o according_a to_o the_o late_a we_o may_v well_o grant_v they_o their_o conclusion_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o oppugn_v our_o assertion_n because_o it_o will_v follow_v out_o of_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o every_o part_n that_o all_o the_o part_n several_o take_v have_v such_o a_o disposition_n of_o return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v separate_v there_o from_o yet_o will_v not_o this_o by_o any_o necessary_a inference_n be_v prove_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o will_v it_o follow_v contrariwise_o that_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v circular_o and_o therefore_o every_o part_n with_o and_o in_o it_o be_v move_v with_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o motion_n a_o three_o argument_n which_o be_v think_v great_a than_o all_o the_o other_o be_v draw_v from_o two_o experiment_n the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o stone_n or_o bullet_n let_v fall_v from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o the_o ground_n will_v perpendicular_o descend_v to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n right_a under_o second_o that_o two_o bullet_n imagine_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a weight_n and_o matter_n be_v discharge_v from_o equal_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n with_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o powder_n the_o one_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o west_n will_v reach_v a_o equal_a distance_n in_o the_o earth_n both_o which_o will_v seem_v impossible_a if_o we_o grant_v this_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n for_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o earth_n slide_v away_o swift_o during_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o stone_n will_v change_v the_o point_n mark_v out_o for_o another_o and_o in_o the_o second_o for_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o bullet_n shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o the_o ordinance_n out_o of_o which_o it_o proceed_v shall_v return_v back_o over_o the_o shooters-head_n and_o contrariwise_o that_o bullet_n shoot_v towards_o the_o west_n beside_o his_o own_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o way_n shall_v be_v carry_v so_o much_o far_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v first_o discharge_v both_o which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o cross_v this_o circumgyration_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o our_o magnetical_a cosmographer_n labour_v to_o confirm_v but_o with_o they_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n to_o these_o and_o the_o like_a experiment_n we_o must_v distinguish_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o three_o sort_n some_o be_v hard_a and_o solid_a part_n adjoin_v to_o the_o globe_n as_o stone_n mineral_n &_o what_o else_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o or_o at_o least_o necessary_o adherent_a to_o the_o outward_a face_n of_o it_o some_o other_o part_n there_o be_v of_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a substance_n as_o the_o air_n and_o other_o vapour_n in_o it_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n a_o three_o sort_n there_o be_v of_o such_o part_n as_o be_v in_o themselves_o solid_a be_v notwithstanding_o by_o some_o violence_n separate_v from_o the_o solid_a globe_n as_o stone_n cast_v into_o the_o air_n arrow_n bullet_n and_o such_o like_a discharge_v from_o the_o hand_n or_o engine_n for_o the_o two_o former_a we_o may_v easy_o imagine_v they_o carry_v with_o the_o same_o circular_a motion_n which_o we_o assign_v unto_o the_o whole_a be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o part_n of_o it_o depend_v from_o the_o whole_a mass_n for_o the_o three_o sort_n whereof_o consist_v the_o difficulty_n we_o can_v imagine_v they_o so_o move_v round_o as_o if_o they_o be_v whole_o separate_v from_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n for_o howsoever_o there_o seem_v a_o separation_n according_a to_o matter_n and_o quantity_n yet_o retain_v they_o the_o same_o magnetical_a inclination_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n as_o if_o they_o be_v unite_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o such_o solid_a part_n be_v move_v with_o the_o same_o uniform_a and_o natural_a motion_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v turn_v so_o that_o in_o solid_a body_n so_o separate_v from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o a_o arrow_n or_o bullet_n shoot_v we_o must_v imagine_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o one_o natural_a &_o uniform_a whereby_o they_o be_v move_v as_o homogeneal_a part_n according_a to_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n the_o other_o violent_a by_o force_n impress_v from_o the_o agent_n the_o right_a motion_n proceed_v from_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o shooter_n can_v cross_v or_o hinder_v the_o natural_a because_o the_o one_o be_v right_a and_o the_o other_o circular_a admit_v no_o such_o proportion_n as_o that_o one_o shall_v hinder_v or_o further_o the_o other_o neither_o can_v these_o motion_n well_o be_v term_v contrary_a or_o opposite_a which_o be_v in_o diverse_a kind_n to_o explain_v this_o matter_n far_o we_o will_v add_v this_o diagramme_n lâ—t_v the_o whole_a orb_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v lqm_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v from_o the_o earth_n o_o q._n now_o as_o the_o orb_n of_o this_o fluid_a substance_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v uniform_o be_v move_v round_o with_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o must_v we_o imagine_v the_o part_n of_o it_o mark_v out_o by_o the_o right_a line_n oq_fw-la to_o be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o unalterable_a revolution_n wherefore_o if_o any_o heavy_a body_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la as_o for_o example_n p_o it_o will_v fall_v down_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o the_o short_a way_n in_o the_o same_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n can_v neither_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o yet_o mix_v or_o compound_v with_o it_o it_o can_v be_v hinder_v because_o as_o we_o have_v show_v a_o right_a motion_n and_o a_o circular_a being_n not_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v proper_o be_v repute_v contrary_a neither_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n can_v they_o be_v mix_v or_o compound_v wherefore_o this_o motion_n will_v be_v no_o other_o than_o one_o simple_a and_o right_a motion_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o be_v once_o understand_v it_o be_v no_o hard_a thing_n to_o imagine_v a_o bullet_n or_o stone_n force_v by_o equal_a strength_n from_o q_o towards_o l_o and_o from_o q._n towards_o the_o point_n m_o to_o observe_v always_o a_o like_a distance_n notwithstanding_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n have_v hitherto_o show_v this_o spherical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v possible_a and_o no_o way_n to_o contradict_v nature_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v no_o way_n opposite_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o
not_o back_v with_o any_o necessary_a demonstration_n for_o it_o prove_v not_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o earthy_a and_o heavy_a body_n and_o not_o to_o be_v absolute_o place_v in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o the_o world_n another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v by_o some_o from_o a_o final_a cause_n and_o the_o natural_a harmony_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o body_n the_o most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a therefore_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n equal_o distant_a from_o each_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o one_o part_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o complain_v of_o this_o unpleasing_a vicinity_n more_o than_o another_o but_o this_o reason_n take_v as_o grant_v to_o matter_n as_o yet_o not_o decide_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n among_o all_o other_o body_n be_v most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a depend_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n suffer_v no_o corruption_n a_o thing_n soon_o speak_v then_o prove_v second_o that_o pure_a and_o impure_a body_n the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o vile_a in_o nature_n be_v always_o most_o distant_a as_o in_o nature_n so_o in_o place_n which_o be_v a_o peremptory_a assertion_n without_o ground_n a_o three_o reason_n more_o probable_a than_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o apparence_n of_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n appear_v always_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o magnitude_n and_o quantity_n whether_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n or_o any_o other_o place_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o that_o the_o star_n in_o some_o place_n shall_v be_v near_o in_o other_o far_a ofâ—_n they_o will_v somewhere_o seem_v great_a otherwhere_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n this_o reason_n howsoever_o popular_a seem_v to_o admit_v a_o twofold_a exception_n first_o because_o it_o imply_v that_o a_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o all_o place_n and_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n whereas_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o horizon_n be_v far_a distant_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v second_o all_o star_n arise_v in_o the_o east_n or_o set_v in_o the_o west_n ordinary_o seem_v great_a than_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n by_o reason_n of_o vapour_n ascend_v and_o interpose_v whence_o we_o can_v well_o gather_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n from_o the_o like_a appearance_n of_o the_o star_n when_o experience_n teach_v the_o contrary_a that_o they_o seem_v not_o always_o of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o first_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n and_o centre_n be_v in_o itself_o great_a but_o this_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v so_o little_a that_o the_o sense_n can_v gather_v any_o difference_n in_o observation_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v always_o appear_v of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o second_o we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o vapour_n ascend_v about_o the_o horizon_n by_o a_o opticall_a refraction_n make_v the_o star_n seem_v great_a than_o other_o wise_a they_o will_v do_v but_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v understand_v in_o this_o sort_n that_o whether_o a_o â—an_v be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v when_o he_o rise_v or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o under_o his_o meridian_n or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o he_o be_v set_v he_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o greatness_n without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n whereas_o therefore_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o appearance_n of_o star_n they_o will_v have_v they_o take_v as_o abstract_v from_o all_o impediment_n of_o sight_n or_o interpose_v vapour_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n may_v obtain_v her_o force_n the_o four_o reason_n why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n allege_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o other_o be_v this_o wheresoever_o any_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n will_v show_v themselves_o and_o the_o other_o six_o sign_n will_v lie_v hide_v and_o by_o consequence_n half_o the_o heaven_n will_v appear_v the_o other_o half_o will_v be_v under_o which_o be_v a_o evident_a reason_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o so_o happen_v the_o former_a be_v confirm_v by_o ptolemy_n alphraganus_n and_o the_o best_a astronomer_n the_o consequence_n may_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o natural_a reason_n this_o argument_n will_v sufficient_o hold_v upon_o this_o supposition_n mention_v before_o and_o to_o be_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n no_o sensible_a difference_n can_v show_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o sensible_a and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n beside_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o than_o probable_a other_o be_v produce_v by_o ptolemy_n demonstrative_a â—ot_n admit_v any_o evident_a or_o probable_a exception_n or_o evasion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v have_v of_o necessity_n one_o of_o these_o three_o sites_n or_o position_n either_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v place_v not_o only_o without_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o without_o the_o axletree_n that_o be_v to_o express_v it_o plain_o it_o must_v either_o be_v place_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v on_o the_o axletree_n and_o so_o consequent_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o the_o other_o or_o three_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o another_o if_o the_o first_o position_n be_v admit_v these_o absurdity_n will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v first_o that_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n there_o will_v happen_v no_o equinoctial_a but_o only_o in_o that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o example_n sake_n â—et_o there_o be_v imagine_v a_o sphere_n bdce_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o let_v the_o equator_fw-la be_v de_fw-fr the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n bc_n and_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o f_o the_o right_a horizon_n hg_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n a_o which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n bc_n since_o the_o equator_fw-la cut_v the_o horizon_n in_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o not_o only_o the_o equatour_n but_o other_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o will_v be_v unequal_o divide_v of_o the_o horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o pass_v not_o by_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n must_v continual_o be_v unequal_a to_o the_o night_n which_o contradict_v all_o experience_n because_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o day_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n second_o out_o of_o this_o position_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o no_o man_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n shall_v behold_v the_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o either_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a part_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o same_o diagramme_n whereas_o sense_n can_v testify_v that_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v always_o conspicuous_a above_o our_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o six_o always_o hide_v only_o except_v that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o mediety_n of_o heaven_n be_v conspicuous_a three_o the_o same_o star_n in_o a_o clear_a air_n shall_v not_o always_o seem_v of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n and_o beside_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n towards_o the_o zenith_n or_o meridian_n the_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n will_v appear_v great_a than_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n because_o they_o be_v near_o but_o if_o it_o be_v place_v near_o the_o nadir_n or_o midnight_n point_n they_o will_v appear_v great_a in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n then_o in_o the_o meridian_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v towards_o
understand_v we_o be_v first_o to_o set_v down_o in_o a_o scheme_n or_o diagram_n both_o the_o number_n and_o order_n of_o all_o the_o heavenly_a orb_n conceive_v according_a to_o our_o ground_n second_o we_o must_v show_v in_o particular_a how_o this_o range_a of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v capable_a of_o all_o the_o motion_n and_o apt_a to_o satisfy_v the_o apparence_n in_o which_o part_n i_o will_v not_o too_o nice_o descend_v to_o astronomical_a curiosity_n be_v too_o many_o and_o subtle_a for_o a_o geographer_n to_o discuss_v only_o i_o will_v give_v a_o taste_n to_o satisfy_v such_o as_o suppose_v no_o middle_a way_n can_v be_v tread_v out_o betwixt_o ptolemy_n stability_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o copernicus_n his_o three_o motion_n i_o may_v seem_v perhaps_o presumptuous_a beyond_o my_o knowledge_n to_o reject_v and_o pass_v by_o the_o draught_n and_o delineation_n of_o ptolemy_n alphonsus_n and_o their_o follower_n which_o be_v common_o defend_v and_o in_o use_n or_o that_o other_o of_o copernicus_n support_v with_o the_o authority_n and_o credit_n of_o so_o great_a a_o astronomer_n or_o that_o of_o tichobrahe_n more_o correct_v then_o either_o and_o to_o prefer_v my_o own_o be_v a_o embryo_n or_o half_o fashion_v to_o this_o i_o answer_v first_o that_o i_o only_o expose_v this_o scheme_n follow_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o judicious_a justify_v it_o no_o far_o than_o will_v stand_v with_o astronomical_a observation_n second_o i_o herein_o arrogate_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o myself_o for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v digest_v and_o compound_v it_o out_o of_o the_o observation_n and_o experiment_n of_o late_a astronomer_n and_o only_o collect_v together_o what_o they_o scatter_a the_o scheme_n itself_o be_v express_v in_o this_o manner_n wherein_o to_o begin_v from_o the_o low_a the_o centre_n be_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o we_o have_v give_v a_o diurnal_a motion_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n upon_o her_o own_o pole_n who_o revolution_n be_v make_v in_o 24_o hour_n about_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n the_o moon_n be_v carry_v in_o her_o circle_n which_o among_o all_o the_o planet_n be_v find_v more_o near_o to_o respect_v the_o earth_n as_o well_o in_o place_n as_o nature_n next_o succeed_v the_o sun_n as_o the_o leader_n of_o all_o the_o planet_n which_o carry_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n in_o a_o annual_a circuit_n describe_v the_o ecliptic_a circle_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o proper_a centre_n be_v all_o the_o planet_n move_v except_o the_o moon_n the_o two_o immediate_a companion_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v venus_n &_o mercury_n which_o so_o compass_v he_o about_o that_o the_o earth_n never_o come_v betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o sun_n the_o other_o three_o planet_n as_o mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n howsoever_o they_o environ_v the_o sun_n as_o their_o proper_a centre_n yet_o so_o as_o within_o their_o circle_n they_o comprehend_v the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o planet_n mars_n because_o he_o be_v find_v by_o astronomer_n to_o move_v sometime_o above_o sometime_o under_o the_o sun_n be_v understand_v to_o move_v in_o such_o a_o circle_n which_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n shall_v cut_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o so_o as_o mars_n and_o the_o sun_n can_v never_o meet_v in_o one_o point_n forasmuch_o as_o mars_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o planet_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o epicycle_n about_o the_o sun_n and_o to_o keep_v a_o equal_a distance_n from_o he_o howsoever_o move_v neither_o be_v he_o ever_o find_v under_o the_o sun_n but_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o opposition_n as_o astronomer_n observe_v whence_o a_o cause_n have_v be_v give_v why_o mars_n shall_v appear_v great_a at_o the_o time_n of_o opposition_n these_o five_o planet_n to_o wit_n saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n venus_n and_o mercury_n may_v be_v consider_v according_a to_o a_o double_a motion_n the_o one_o be_v proper_a and_o natural_a wherein_o they_o be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n as_o their_o proper_a centre_n the_o other_o accidental_a and_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o consequence_n of_o nature_n whereby_o in_o their_o circuit_n move_v about_o the_o sun_n as_o their_o centre_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n by_o a_o consequent_a site_n of_o the_o place_n be_v carry_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o sun_n place_v in_o his_o ecliptic_a line_n so_o compass_v round_o the_o earth_n that_o with_o he_o he_o be_v suppose_v to_o carry_v the_o epicyâ—les_n wherein_o these_o planet_n be_v move_v round_o about_a he_o whence_o we_o find_v the_o motion_n of_o these_o planet_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o their_o own_o centre_n to_o be_v regular_a but_o about_o the_o earth_n irregular_a which_o proceed_v from_o their_o excentricity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n above_o all_o the_o planet_n we_o place_v the_o firmament_n or_o starry_a heaven_n have_v a_o very_a slow_a motion_n not_o to_o be_v finish_v in_o many_o thousand_o year_n and_o this_o motion_n be_v on_o other_o pole_n than_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v seek_v out_o in_o or_o near_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a this_o heaven_n will_v aristotle_n have_v to_o be_v the_o first_o movable_a and_o therefore_o give_v it_o a_o very_a swift_a motion_n which_o be_v the_o same_o which_o we_o call_v diurnal_a and_o have_v give_v to_o the_o earth_n but_o it_o seem_v more_o consonant_n to_o nature_n that_o the_o slow_a motion_n shall_v agree_v to_o the_o high_a body_n and_o the_o swift_a to_o the_o low_a that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o time_n and_o the_o space_n of_o motion_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o probable_o show_v that_o out_o of_o their_o supposition_n the_o celestial_a apparence_n may_v be_v as_o well_o or_o better_o salve_v then_o by_o the_o ordinary_a ground_n the_o apparence_n which_o be_v most_o call_v in_o question_n concern_v either_o the_o motion_n or_o the_o place_n and_o position_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v either_o of_o less_o moment_n or_o at_o least_o be_v thereunto_o reduce_v every_o motion_n which_o be_v find_v or_o think_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o heaven_n be_v either_o the_o diurnal_a or_o periodicke_n the_o diurnal_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v already_o show_v belong_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o according_a to_o our_o ground_n be_v suppose_v to_o move_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n in_o 24_o hour_n which_o may_v answer_v to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o movable_a sphere_n which_o according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v the_o starry_a firmament_n and_o think_v to_o move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o periodicke_a motion_n be_v either_o a_o slow_a motion_n to_o be_v finish_v not_o under_o many_o thousand_o year_n or_o else_o a_o swift_a revolution_n of_o the_o planet_n this_o slow_a motion_n the_o common_a astronomer_n will_v have_v towfold_a the_o one_o from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n on_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o other_o a_o motion_n as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o trepidation_n from_o the_o south_n point_n to_o the_o north_n and_o backward_o again_o but_o one_o slow_a motion_n of_o the_o six_o star_n upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a grant_v to_o the_o firmament_n will_v for_o aught_o i_o see_v satisfy_v both_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o put_v two_o distinct_a motion_n be_v 1_o because_o they_o have_v observe_v the_o star_n of_o aries_n taurus_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o zodiac_n not_o to_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o same_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v ancient_o find_v but_o to_o be_v move_v certain_a degree_n from_o the_o west_n towards_o the_o east_n whence_o they_o will_v conclude_v a_o motion_n to_o be_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n 2._o it_o will_v stand_v with_o no_o less_o experience_n that_o the_o foresay_a star_n of_o the_o firmament_n have_v move_v themselves_o from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north._n to_o pass_v over_o the_o râ—st_n the_o polestar_n which_o in_o hipparchus_n time_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n about_o 12_o degree_n be_v now_o observe_v to_o approach_v almost_o three_o degree_n these_o two_o motion_n shall_v they_o be_v esteem_v in_o the_o account_n of_o astronomer_n may_v seem_v deficient_a notwithstanding_o we_o may_v probable_o conjecture_v this_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o motion_n upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a whence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v not_o only_o carry_v from_o west_n to_o east_n but_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n incline_v more_o and_o more_o daily_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o they_o may_v again_o return_v for_o this_o motion_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n be_v of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o
as_o mere_a point_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o orb_n because_o they_o sensible_o be_v see_v as_o part_n of_o these_o orbs._n but_o the_o earth_n be_v great_a than_o some_o of_o the_o low_a star_n as_o the_o moon_n whence_o we_o may_v with_o good_a ground_n aver_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o moon_n he_o may_v behold_v the_o earth_n far_o great_a than_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v by_o we_o in_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o earth_n in_o itself_o have_v a_o great_a vastness_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v this_o greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o vast_a greatness_n to_o shrink_v almost_o into_o nothing_o and_o become_v as_o a_o mere_a point_n without_o sensible_a magnitude_n but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o general_a without_o limitation_n because_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o high_a and_o great_a such_o as_o be_v the_o firmament_n with_o the_o four_o high_a planet_n such_o as_o be_v saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o low_a and_o lesser_a such_o as_o be_v venus_n mercurius_n and_o the_o moon_n which_o difference_n in_o place_n and_o greatness_n admit_v a_o great_a diversity_n in_o this_o proportion_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1._o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n this_o proposition_n be_v support_v not_o only_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o many_o and_o grave_a author_n as_o aristotle_n ptolemy_n pliny_n alphragan_n and_o other_o but_o by_o diverse_a strong_a reason_n draw_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o astronomer_n the_o first_o argument_n shall_v be_v this_o which_o be_v most_o popular_a the_o sun_n and_o many_o other_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n be_v find_v out_o by_o astronomical_a instrument_n to_o be_v manifold_o great_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o appear_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o as_o a_o little_a point_n or_o portion_n then_o must_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o comparison_n far_o lesser_a be_v devoid_a of_o all_o sensible_a magnitude_n or_o proportion_n second_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n then_o must_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o the_o diameter_n which_o the_o circumference_n have_v one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o geometry_n now_o if_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a magnitude_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n than_o the_o star_n which_o be_v over_o our_o head_n be_v near_o unto_o we_o by_o a_o notable_a quantity_n then_o when_o they_o be_v either_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n for_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o star_n place_v in_o the_o vertical_a point_n be_v near_o by_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o they_o be_v either_o in_o the_o eastern_a or_o western_a point_n as_o we_o see_v in_o â—his_fw-la figure_n here_o set_v down_o acdb_n wherein_o i_o make_v e_o to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n aeb_n the_o true_a horizon_n and_o of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n fe_o have_v any_o sensible_a proportion_n then_o must_v g_o the_o vertical_a point_n be_v near_o to_o f._n then_o either_o a_o or_o b._n suppose_a to_o be_v the_o east_n &_o west_n point_n because_o ea_fw-la or_o ebb_v be_v the_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o celestial_a circle_n whereof_o fg_n be_v only_o a_o part_n but_o contrariwise_o there_o be_v no_o such_o diversity_n perceive_v in_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o appear_v still_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o greatness_n except_o by_o accidental_a interposition_n of_o vapour_n and_o gross_a body_n wherefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o their_o distance_n be_v all_o one_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o sky_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a diversity_n in_o distance_n three_o hence_o will_v arise_v another_o reason_n no_o less_o forcible_a than_o this_o that_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o comparison_n or_o proportion_n to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sky_n the_o horizon_n that_o we_o have_v on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v not_o divide_v the_o sky_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o part_n which_o be_v couch_v under_o the_o horizon_n will_v always_o be_v great_a and_o the_o other_o lesser_a as_o in_o our_o former_a diagramme_n if_o of_o have_v a_o notable_a quantity_n in_o comparison_n of_o ea_fw-la then_o will_v the_o line_n cfd_n be_v the_o horizon_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n differ_v notable_o from_o the_o line_n aeb_fw-mi be_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o the_o horizon_n cfd_n divide_v the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o the_o upper_a part_n shall_v always_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o low_a which_o cross_v ordinary_a experience_n for_o we_o may_v see_v in_o long_a winter_n night_n that_o those_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o east_n horizon_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n will_v be_v in_o the_o west_n at_o the_o end_n of_o twelve_o hour_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o star_n which_o do_v set_v in_o the_o west_n when_o those_o other_o do_v rise_v in_o the_o east_n shall_v rise_v again_o when_o the_o other_o shall_v set_v four_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o sensible_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n than_o be_v it_o unpossible_a for_o any_o sun_n dial_n to_o be_v regular_a and_o observe_v due_a proportion_n for_o we_o see_v the_o shadow_n 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thereof_o swell_v in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n till_o it_o apply_v itself_o to_o the_o hollow_a superficies_n of_o the_o say_v cylinder_n this_o theorem_a seem_n at_o the_o first_o obscure_a consist_v of_o many_o part_n which_o be_v once_o open_v will_v soon_o take_v light_n first_o then_o to_o know_v the_o groundwork_n of_o this_o parallellogramme_n thus_o define_v we_o must_v suppose_v a_o spherical_a superficies_n geographical_a or_o hydrographical_a with_o meridian_n and_o parallel_v to_o be_v inscribe_v into_o a_o concave_n cylinder_n their_o axe_n agree_v in_o one_o second_o we_o must_v imagine_v the_o superficies_n thus_o inscribe_v to_o swell_v like_o a_o bladder_n blow_v equal_o in_o every_o part_n as_o well_o in_o longitude_n as_o latitude_n till_o it_o apply_v itself_o round_o about_o and_o all_o along_o towards_o either_o pole_n unto_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o cylinder_n so_o that_o each_o parallel_n
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circle_n &_o the_o diameter_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o quadrature_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v a_o matter_n which_o have_v set_v a_o work_n the_o great_a wit_n of_o the_o world_n have_v notwithstanding_o as_o yet_o by_o no_o man_n be_v bring_v to_o discovery_n in_o so_o much_o as_o pitiscus_n and_o other_o good_a mathematician_n may_v well_o doubt_v whether_o ever_o it_o will_v come_v to_o light_v nevertheless_o where_o exactness_n can_v be_v find_v we_o must_v come_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v the_o near_a proportion_n in_o number_n which_o any_o can_v yet_o light_v on_o be_v as_o 22_o to_o 7_o which_o in_o so_o great_a and_o massy_a a_o body_n as_o the_o earth_n may_v pass_v without_o any_o sensible_a or_o explicable_a error_n suppose_v then_o out_o of_o our_o precedent_a supposition_n the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v 21600_o italian-mile_n which_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n now_o receive_v i_o multiply_v according_a to_o the_o golden_a rule_n 21600_o by_o 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which_o the_o sun_n cast_v forth_o at_o noon_n according_a to_o this_o manner_n 10._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v either_o amphiscij_fw-la heteroscij_fw-la or_o periscij_fw-la the_o amphiscij_fw-la be_v those_o who_o noone-shaddowe_n but_o at_o diverse_a time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v â—ast_v both_o way_n that_o be_v to_o say_v north_n and_o south_n amphiscij_fw-la signify_v as_o much_o as_o people_n of_o a_o double_a shadow_n such_o be_v they_o which_o inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o tropicke_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n equal_v not_o 24._o degree_n these_o man_n have_v the_o sun_n twice_o every_o year_n in_o their_o zenith_n or_o vertical_a point_n and_o then_o they_o make_v no_o shadow_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v call_v ascij_fw-la or_o without_o shadow_n but_o when_o the_o sun_n pass_v from_o their_o vertical_a point_n towards_o the_o northern_a sign_n then_o at_o noon_n it_o will_v 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place_n whereunto_o the_o arabian_n come_v be_v a_o part_n of_o thessaly_n where_o such_o dwell_v who_o only_o cast_v their_o shadow_n one_o way_n to_o wit_n northward_o but_o arabia_n their_o natural_a country_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v include_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n where_o the_o shadow_n be_v say_v to_o be_v cast_v both_o way_n they_o be_v say_v to_o wonder_v the_o reason_n why_o our_o shadow_n at_o noon_n be_v cast_v always_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n be_v relate_v before_o to_o be_v because_o the_o shadow_n do_v always_o occupy_v or_o possess_v the_o place_n opposite_a to_o the_o sun_n or_o light_a body_n 12_o the_o periscij_fw-la be_v such_o in_o habitant_n who_o shadow_n be_v move_v round_o about_o they_o in_o a_o circular_a form_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o noone-shaddowe_n take_v not_o their_o beginning_n from_o our_o head_n but_o of_o one_o side_n and_o be_v extend_v forward_o to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o terrestrial_a horizon_n and_o so_o move_v round_o about_o the_o opacous_a body_n as_o about_o a_o gnomon_n whence_o they_o be_v call_v periscij_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o man_n have_v shadow_n move_v round_o about_o such_o be_v their_o habitation_n which_o be_v include_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n circumscribe_v within_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n here_o the_o sun_n never_o direct_o pass_v by_o the_o crown_n of_o their_o head_n but_o at_o one_o side_n so_o that_o they_o have_v the_o pole_n for_o their_o vertical_a point_n but_o the_o equatour_n as_o it_o be_v for_o their_o horizon_n these_o periscij_fw-la be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o some_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o in_o the_o antarcticke_a whereof_o both_o be_v as_o yet_o undiscovered_a especial_o the_o antarcticke_a be_v far_o off_o from_o our_o climate_n 1_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o amphiscij_fw-la comprehend_v 7._o parallel_n of_o the_o heteroscij_fw-la 41._o of_o the_o periscij_fw-la 6._o month_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o accident_n of_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o people_n there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o be_v speak_v than_o we_o have_v deliver_v before_o in_o this_o chapter_n nevertheless_o for_o a_o recapitulation_n of_o our_o former_a doctrine_n in_o this_o &_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o insert_v this_o table_n of_o climate_n set_v out_o by_o our_o exact_a geographer_n wherein_o be_v express_v as_o it_o be_v to_o our_o view_n the_o respect_n and_o several_a accident_n which_o belong_v to_o these_o several_a inhabitant_n 13_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o inhabitant_n absolute_o consider_v the_o inhabitant_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o according_a to_o their_o position_n be_v the_o perioeci_n antoeci_n and_o antipode_n 14_o the_o perioeei_n be_v those_o inhabitant_n which_o dwell_v in_o the_o two_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o parallel_n circle_n 15_o the_o antoeci_n be_v such_o as_o dwell_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o in_o diverse_a parallel_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o equatour_n 16_o the_o antipode_n be_v such_o as_o inhabit_v under_o one_o meridian_n but_o under_o two_o parallel_n equidistant_a from_o the_o equatour_n and_o two_o opposite_a point_n of_o those_o parallel_n a_o table_n of_o the_o climate_n belong_v to_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o inhabitant_n pag_n 229._o inhabitant_n belong_v to_o several_a climate_n clime_n parallel_n the_o long_a summer_n day_n how_o scr._n latitude_n &_o elevation_n of_o pole_n scr._n degr._fw-la the_o breadth_n of_o the_o climate_n deg._n scr_n the_o place_n by_o which_o the_o climate_n pass_v  _fw-fr 0_o 0_o 1_o 12_o 0_o 12_o 15_o 0_o 0_o 4_o 18_o 4_o 18_o the_o beginning_n from_o the_o aequatour_n  _fw-fr 1_o 2_o 3_o 122_o 30_o 1_o 45_o 8_o 34_o 12_o 43_o 8_o 25_o sinus_n arabicus_n or_o the_o red_a sea_n amphiscij_fw-la 2_o 4_o 5_o 13_o 0_o 13_o 15_o 16_o 43_o 20_o 33_o 7_o 50_o meroe_n a_o island_n of_o nilus_n in_o egypt_n  _fw-fr 3_o 6_o 7_o 13_o 40_o 13_o 45_o 23_o 10_o 27_o 36_o 7_o 3_o see_z a_o ciâ—ty_n in_o africa_n  _fw-fr 4_o 8_o 9_o 14_o 0_o 14_o 15_o 30_o 47_o 33_o 45_o 6_o 9_o alexandria_n in_o egypt_n  _fw-fr 5_o 10_o 11_o 14_o 30_o 14_o 45_o 36_o 30_o 39_o 2_o 5_o 17_o rhodes_n and_o babylon_n  _fw-fr 6_o 12_o 13_o 15_o 0_o 15_o 15_o 41_o 22_o 4â—_n 3â—_n 4_o 30_o rome_n and_o hellespont_n  _fw-fr 7_o 14_o 15_o 15_o 30_o 15_o 45_o 45_o 29_o 47_o 20_o 3_o 48_o venice_n and_o milan_n  _fw-fr 8_o 16_o 17_o 16_o 0_o 16_o 15_o 49_o 21_o 50_o 33_o 3_o 13_o podalia_n and_o â—he_v lesser_a tartary_n  _fw-fr 9_o 18_o 19_o 16_o 30_o 16_o 45_o 51_o 58_o 53_o 17_o 2_o 44_o batavia_n and_o witâ—enberge_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 20_o 17_o 0_o 17_o â—â—_o 54_o â—9_n 55_o â—4_n 2_o 17_o râ—stoch_n 11_o 22_o 23_o 17_o 30_o 17_o 45_o â—â—â—7_n 57_o 34_o 2_o 0_o ireland_n and_o moscovy_n jeteroscij_fw-la 12_o 24_o 25_o 18_o 0_o 18_o 15_o 58_o 26_o 59_o 14_o 1_o 40_o bohus_fw-la a_o castle_n in_o norwey_n  _fw-fr 13_o 26_o 27_o 18_o 30_o 18_o 45_o 59_o 59_o 60_o 40_o 1_o 26_o gothland_n  _fw-fr 14_o 28_o 29_o 19_o 0_o 19_o 15_o 61_o 18_o 61_o 53_o 1_o 13_o bergis_n in_o norwey_n  _fw-fr 15_o 30_o 31_o 19_o 30_o 19_o 45_o 62_o 25_o 62_o 54_o 1_o 0_o wiburge_n in_o finland_n  _fw-fr 16_o 32_o 33_o 20_o 0_o 20_o 15_o 63_o 22_o 63_o 46_o 0_o 52_o arotia_n in_o sweden_n  _fw-fr 17_o 34_o 35â—_n 20_o 30_o 20_o 45_o 64_o 6_o 64_o 30_o 0_o 44_o the_o mouth_n of_o darecally_a a_o river_n of_o sweden_n  _fw-fr 18_o 36_o 37_o 21_o 0_o 21_o 15_o 64_o 49_o 65_o 6_o 0_o 36_o diverse_a place_n of_o norwey_n  _fw-fr 19_o 38_o 39_o 21_o 30_o 21_o 45_o 65_o 21_o 65_o 35_o 0_o 29_o suecia_n alba_n russia_n  _fw-fr 20_o 40_o 41_o 22_o 0_o 22_o 15_o 65_o 47_o 65_o 57_o 0_o 22_o with_o many_o island_n  _fw-fr 21_o 42_o 43_o 22_o â—0_n 22_o 45_o 66_o 6_o 66_o 14_o 0_o 17_o thereunto_o adjoin_v  _fw-fr 22_o 44_o 45_o 23_o 0_o 23_o 15_o 66_o 20_o 66_o 25_o 0_o 11_o want_v special_a name_n  _fw-fr 23_o 46_o 47_o 23_o 30_o 23_o 45_o 66_o 28_o 66_o â—0_n 0_o 5_o and_o landmark_n  _fw-fr 24_o 48_o 24_o 0_o 66_o 31_o 0_o 0_o island_n under_o the_o antic_a circle_n  _fw-fr here_z the_o climate_n be_v account_v by_o the_o month_n from_o 66_o degr._fw-la menses_fw-la 1_o 67_o 15_o these_o climate_n be_v suppose_v to_o pass_v by_o diverse_a land_n within_o the_o arctic_a circle_n as_o these_o name_n be_v original_o greek_n be_v take_v from_o the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o dwell_v of_o one_o nation_n in_o respect_n of_o another_o the_o perioeci_n be_v call_v such_o as_o dwell_v as_o it_o be_v about_o the_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o same_o parallel_n in_o two_o opposite_a point_n the_o one_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o other_o be_v eastern_a the_o other_o western_a so_o that_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o 180_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o semicircle_n where_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o these_o degree_n be_v to_o be_v number_v not_o in_o a_o great_a but_o a_o lesser_a parallel_n which_o be_v less_o than_o the_o equatour_n for_o they_o which_o be_v under_o the_o equator_fw-la itself_o in_o 2_o opposite_a point_n be_v to_o be_v account_v rather_o antipode_n although_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v the_o name_n may_v agree_v the_o antoeci_n as_o the_o name_n import_v be_v such_o as_o dwell_v one_o against_o another_o have_v one_o selfe-same_a meridian_n and_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o equatour_n the_o one_o in_o the_o northern_a the_o other_o in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n the_o antipode_n otherwise_o call_v antichthones_n may_v popular_o be_v describe_v to_o be_v such_o as_o dwell_v foot_n to_o foot_n one_o against_o the_o other_o so_o that_o a_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o will_v pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o they_o precise_o be_v distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o 1800_o in_o a_o great_a circle_n wherein_o they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o perioeci_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o lesser_a circle_n such_o compare_v one_o to_o the_o other_o be_v the_o american_n and_o the_o eastern_a indian_n about_o the_o river_n ganges_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o peru_n and_o calecute_v those_o of_o peria_n &_o summatra_n to_o england_n i_o find_v no_o other_o antipode_n but_o the_o sea_n or_o at_o least_o some_o parcel_n of_o land_n in_o the_o south_n continent_n near_o psittacorum_n regio_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o former_a definition_n of_o antipode_n give_v by_o the_o ancient_n be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o know_v habitable_a
consider_v the_o natural_a change_n of_o country_n since_o the_o first_o creation_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o have_v suffer_v as_o well_o in_o the_o natural_a accident_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n concern_v the_o former_a we_o may_v note_v a_o twofold_a alteration_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v a_o progress_n from_o imperfection_n to_o perfection_n the_o other_o contrariwise_o from_o perfection_n to_o imperfection_n the_o first_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o general_a industry_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o work_v every_o thing_n as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o his_o best_a end_n and_o use_n for_o his_o own_o good_a and_o propagation_n of_o his_o kind_n which_o we_o may_v best_o find_v in_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o world_n the_o first_o groundwork_n of_o civil_a society_n for_o man_n be_v once_o expel_v out_o of_o paradise_n for_o his_o own_o transgression_n have_v leave_v he_o notwithstanding_o for_o his_o 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â—â—all_v find_v to_o be_v near_o thirty_o degree_n the_o most_o northern_a latitude_n about_o the_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n very_o near_o the_o same_o rate_n these_o two_o sum_n add_v together_o will_v amount_v to_o 60_o degree_n which_o multiply_v by_o 60_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o a_o degree_n in_o a_o great_a circle_n because_o we_o suppose_v it_o here_o to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n we_o shall_v have_v 3600_o mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o africa_n from_o south_n to_o north._n 4_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o length_n of_o a_o region_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n admit_v of_o two_o case_n for_o either_o the_o country_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v without_o the_o first_o meridian_n or_o under_o it_o both_o which_o shall_v be_v teach_v in_o these_o rule_n 1_o if_o the_o region_n be_v situate_a without_o the_o first_o meridian_n the_o lesser_a longitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a will_v show_v the_o diameter_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n for_o a_o example_n of_o which_o we_o will_v take_v cape_n de_fw-fr barca_n lie_v over_o against_o s._n thomas_n island_n in_o africa_n under_o the_o equatour_n who_o longitude_n be_v about_o 30_o degree_n and_o melnide_v situate_a near_o the_o equatour_n over_o against_o sinus_n barbaricus_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o africa_n which_o have_v in_o longitude_n 63_o degree_n the_o least_o longitude_n to_o wit_v 30_o be_v subduct_v from_o 63_o there_o will_v remain_v 33_o degree_n which_o be_v take_v in_o a_o great_a circle_n which_o be_v the_o equatour_n or_o a_o parallel_n very_o near_o which_o admit_v no_o sensible_a difference_n we_o multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o there_o will_v arise_v 1980_o italian-mile_n but_o if_o the_o degree_n be_v take_v in_o one_o of_o the_o lesser_a parallel_n we_o must_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o table_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o degree_n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o former_a book_n 7_o another_o case_n be_v when_o the_o place_n be_v situate_a under_o 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traveller_n report_v or_o some_o small_a observation_n of_o heavenly_a body_n or_o sound_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n settle_v our_o opinion_n and_o make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n 2_o the_o declination_n of_o any_o place_n be_v know_v the_o latitude_n may_v also_o be_v find_v out_o although_o not_o without_o some_o error_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o assertion_n we_o have_v former_o handle_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n be_v always_o answerable_a in_o some_o proportion_n to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o declination_n any_o where_o be_v find_v out_o together_o with_o the_o proportion_n the_o latititude_n must_v needs_o be_v know_v in_o this_o point_n i_o refer_v my_o reader_n to_o d._n ridleye_n late_a treatise_n of_o magnetical_a body_n and_o motion_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o m._n briges_n have_v calculate_v a_o certain_a brief_a table_n for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o this_o manner_n of_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n must_v needs_o admit_v of_o some_o error_n can_v well_o be_v deny_v for_o as_o much_o as_o gilbert_n ridley_n and_o other_o which_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_n have_v acknowledge_v this_o motion_n of_o declination_n to_o be_v in_o many_o place_n irregular_a and_o not_o answerable_a in_o due_a proportion_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o diverse_a friend_n of_o i_o well_o experience_v in_o magnetical_a experiment_n have_v to_o their_o great_a wonder_n confess_v 12_o this_o much_o for_o the_o internal_a adjunct_n the_o external_a i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v not_o impress_v into_o the_o earth_n but_o external_o adjacent_a or_o adjoin_v unto_o it_o here_o ought_v we_o to_o consider_v the_o air_n adjoin_v to_o any_o place_n with_o his_o quality_n and_o propriety_n 13_o the_o airy_a property_n of_o a_o place_n consist_v in_o such_o matter_n wherewith_o the_o air_n according_a to_o diverse_a place_n be_v diverse_o affect_v and_o dispose_v in_o the_o air_n we_o ought_v to_o note_v a_o twofold_a temper_n and_o quality_n the_o one_o inbred_a and_o essential_a the_o other_o external_a and_o accidental_a â—he_v former_a whether_o it_o be_v heat_v join_v with_o moisture_n as_o aristotle_n affirm_v or_o cold_a join_v with_o moisture_n as_o some_o other_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n to_o dispute_v the_o latter_a be_v that_o to_o which_o our_o purpose_n be_v chief_o engage_v and_o that_o no_o far_o then_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o topical_a description_n of_o a_o special_a country_n these_o accident_n be_v so_o various_a and_o many_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o few_o general_a head_n which_o we_o will_v couch_v in_o this_o our_o theorem_a 1_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o 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show_v why_o of_o two_o place_n although_o both_o like_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o other_o circumstance_n one_o shall_v be_v hot_a the_o other_o cold_a one_o healthy_a another_o contagious_a the_o one_o of_o a_o sharp_a and_o thin_a air_n the_o other_o of_o a_o foggy_a &_o dull_a temper_n for_o no_o question_n but_o the_o mineral_n matter_n whereof_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v be_v not_o every_o where_o solid_a and_o hard_a but_o every_o where_o intermedle_v with_o a_o vaporous_a and_o fluid_n substance_n must_v needs_o challenge_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n aâ—_n that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o mother_n if_o not_o of_o the_o air_n itself_o yet_o at_o least_o of_o the_o accidental_a disposition_n thereof_o the_o extraordinary_a evaporation_n i_o call_v such_o as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n by_o some_o extraordinary_a concourse_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o some_o other_o star_n these_o be_v many_o time_n subject_a to_o sense_n which_o happen_v not_o at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n such_o as_o be_v cloud_n wind_n and_o such_o like_a which_o arise_v not_o natural_o by_o their_o own_o accord_n by_o a_o perpetual_a emanation_n but_o be_v by_o some_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n ratify_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o air_n about_o it_o now_o for_o the_o meteor_n indirect_o and_o oblique_o belong_v to_o any_o place_n among_o many_o other_o instance_n we_o may_v bring_v the_o wind_n which_o blow_v from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o which_o according_a to_o ordinary_a experience_n partake_v of_o a_o twofold_a quality_n the_o one_o derive_v from_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o be_v engender_v the_o other_o from_o the_o region_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o may_v appear_v by_o our_o four_o cardinal_n wind_n as_o they_o be_v with_o we_o in_o england_n belgia_n and_o high_a germany_n for_o first_o
peripatetic_n admit_v of_o any_o drought_n in_o the_o air_n which_o this_o moist_a element_n shall_v seek_v to_o avoid_v moreover_o if_o water_n shall_v conform_v itself_o to_o roundness_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o body_n whereon_o it_o fall_v then_o must_v it_o follow_v that_o either_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v expel_v the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o that_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v work_v on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o water_n but_o neither_o can_v be_v grant_v with_o probability_n first_o because_o moisture_n and_o drought_n be_v not_o quality_n of_o such_o activity_n to_o drive_v and_o remove_v one_o the_o other_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o as_o it_o be_v here_o imagine_a second_o if_o the_o moist_a shall_v work_v on_o the_o dry_a it_o shall_v either_o touch_v it_o or_o not_o if_o it_o touch_v not_o it_o can_v work_v on_o it_o because_o no_o physical_a action_n can_v be_v perform_v withâ—â—t_o touch_v 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bind_v to_o the_o thickness_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n whereof_o experience_n have_v sufficient_o teach_v the_o contrary_n now_o that_o water_n thus_o stand_v still_o on_o a_o plain_a equilibrate_v table_n shall_v have_v a_o canonical_a figure_n it_o may_v be_v plain_o prove_v almost_o by_o sense_n whereby_o we_o perceive_v the_o middle_a to_o be_v high_a than_o the_o extreme_n for_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o water_n thus_o stand_v be_v endow_v with_o thickness_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a body_n wherefore_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v swell_v above_o the_o table_n it_o can_v be_v spherical_o concentricall_a with_o the_o whole_a earth_n because_o in_o so_o small_a a_o segment_n of_o a_o arch_n as_o this_o little_a quantity_n of_o water_n admit_v it_o will_v be_v insensible_a it_o can_v be_v plain_a because_o the_o side_n or_o extremity_n of_o it_o touch_v the_o table_n whereas_o the_o middle_a superficies_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n 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constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o figure_n to_o partake_v of_o a_o circular_a segment_n concentricke_a with_o the_o whole_a earth_n now_o because_o neither_o of_o these_o two_o figure_n can_v precise_o and_o exact_o arise_v by_o itself_o since_o the_o one_o must_v needs_o some_o what_o alter_v the_o other_o we_o must_v of_o necessity_n admit_v of_o a_o figure_n mix_v and_o compound_v of_o both_o these_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o cone_n to_o express_v this_o more_o plain_o because_o this_o path_n be_v yet_o untrodden_a we_o find_v in_o the_o water_n a_o double_a motion_n direct_v to_o this_o double_a figuration_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o whereby_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v incline_v to_o a_o absolute_a roundness_n or_o spherical_a figure_n without_o respect_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o centre_n of_o which_o roundness_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o water_n itself_o the_o late_a be_v that_o whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v make_v a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o much_o as_o nature_n can_v suffer_v concentricke_a with_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o motion_n the_o water_n seek_v its_o own_o preservation_n in_o the_o late_a the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v derive_v from_o the_o part_n which_o concur_v to_o preserve_v the_o whole_a to_o express_v a_o little_a better_o the_o manner_n of_o these_o two_o concurrent_a operation_n we_o will_v take_v for_o a_o undoubted_a ground_n that_o god_n have_v give_v to_o nature_n a_o power_n and_o inclination_n to_o preserve_v herself_o this_o grant_v we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o a_o twofold_a preservation_n the_o one_o special_a
have_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o all_o heavy_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o be_v a_o inclination_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o our_o former_a book_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o more_o proper_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v again_o twofold_a either_o the_o natural_a or_o the_o violent_a the_o natural_a howsoever_o requiâ—ing_v perhaps_o the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o external_a cause_n be_v notwithstanding_o so_o call_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o chief_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o sea-water_n the_o violent_a be_v cause_v mere_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n move_v the_o ocean_n the_o natural_a motion_n we_o have_v again_o divide_v into_o general_n or_o special_a because_o the_o afflux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v general_a throughout_o the_o whole_a ocean_n some_o petty_a creek_n perchance_o except_v whereas_o the_o current_n which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v more_o special_a as_o agree_v not_o to_o all_o or_o most_o part_n as_o it_o seem_v but_o to_o some_o one_o or_o other_o special_a place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v 1_o the_o sea_n twice_o every_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o it_o can_v be_v precise_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n yet_o because_o few_o place_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o deserve_v the_o first_o &_o chief_a consideration_n that_o such_o a_o motion_n there_o be_v experience_n show_v but_o the_o search_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v observe_v one_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o all_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o so_o much_o as_o aristotle_n one_o of_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n be_v report_v to_o have_v stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o euripus_n and_o despair_v of_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n at_o length_n enforce_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o river_n which_o have_v before_o confound_v he_o wherefore_o it_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o trace_v their_o step_n who_o have_v wade_v far_o into_o the_o search_n of_o this_o cause_n have_v very_o little_a hope_n to_o go_v further_o the_o first_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o stoic_n who_o suppose_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o be_v a_o great_a live_a creature_n compose_v of_o diverse_a element_n which_o enjoy_v both_o breath_n and_o life_n this_o live_a creature_n they_o imagine_v to_o have_v his_o nostril_n place_v in_o the_o main_a ocean_n where_o by_o draw_v in_o and_o send_v forth_o breath_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v cause_v but_o this_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n or_o allegory_n then_o any_o conceit_n of_o a_o philosopher_n apollonius_n tianaeus_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o certain_a spirit_n eitherunder_o or_o above_o the_o water_n breathe_v into_o it_o this_o motion_n timaeus_n teach_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o moisture_n to_o be_v the_o river_n break_v into_o the_o ocean_n by_o the_o great_a mountain_n plato_n think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swallow_a up_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o gulf_n or_o hole_n which_o be_v again_o cast_v out_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n selevous_a the_o mathematician_n which_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n think_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o this_o to_o proceed_v that_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v what_o aristotle_n opinion_n be_v concern_v this_o matter_n be_v a_o uncertain_a conjecture_n forasmuch_o as_o little_a or_o nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v touch_v this_o point_n in_o controversy_n out_o of_o any_o book_n which_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v aristotle_n for_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o element_n where_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v none_o of_o aristotle_n but_o of_o some_o late_a author_n yet_o plutarch_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n this_o opinion_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n because_o by_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o many_o windy_a exhalation_n which_o shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v blow_v into_o the_o great_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o thisopinion_n be_v charge_v by_o paâ—ricius_n of_o a_o threefold_a error_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n 2_o from_o the_o wind_n 3_o that_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n he_o see_v say_v patricius_n that_o in_o the_o atlantic_a which_o he_o can_v not_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n at_o home_n and_o near_a athens_n for_o 1_o no_o wind_n blow_v so_o regular_o that_o for_o one_o six_o hour_n it_o shall_v blow_v forward_o the_o other_o six_o hour_n backward_o for_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o blow_v many_o day_n the_o same_o way_n without_o cease_v yet_o be_v their_o not_o one_o only_o flow_v or_o one_o ebb_v in_o the_o sea_n 2._o the_o sun_n stir_v up_o sometime_o wind_n and_o sometime_o stir_v they_o not_o up_o but_o of_o a_o perpetual_a effect_n which_o be_v daily_o why_o will_v this_o philosopher_n give_v a_o cause_n mere_o violent_a and_o not_o quotidian_a which_o notwithstanding_o will_v have_v nothing_o violent_a to_o be_v perpetual_a if_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o move_v natural_o by_o other_o motion_n as_o the_o euripus_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o death_n wherefore_o will_v he_o deny_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v natural_a seek_v out_o a_o external_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n but_o all_o this_o while_n our_o platonic_a philosopher_n seem_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n for_o what_o judicious_a man_n can_v imagine_v so_o judicious_a and_o wise_a a_o philosopher_n as_o aristotle_n shall_v so_o gross_o overshoot_v himself_o to_o father_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v much_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o such_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v indirect_o relate_v which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o one_o caesalpinus_n a_o late_a writer_n aswell_o opposite_a to_o aristotle_n as_o the_o other_o have_v relate_v aristotle_n opinion_n otherwise_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o double_a cause_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o rivers_n bring_v in_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n into_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o flow_v only_o towards_o one_o paâ—t_n which_o be_v the_o low_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o the_o egaean_a and_o pontic_a sea_n with_o maeotis_n flow_v into_o the_o tyrrhene_a and_o not_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o other_o cause_n he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o libration_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v often_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o vastness_n seem_v but_o little_a but_o in_o straits_n &_o narrow_a place_n much_o more_o so_o that_o aristotle_n say_v caesalpinus_n will_v have_v that_o to_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o usual_o happen_v to_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n which_o have_v receive_v the_o begin_n once_o of_o their_o motion_n be_v incline_v sometime_o this_o way_n &_o sometime_o that_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o weight_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o shall_v overcome_v thewhole_n will_v incline_v thatway_o and_o will_v not_o riâ—e_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n but_o against_o this_o opinion_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n caesalpinus_n not_o without_o good_a reason_n except_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o geographer_n no_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o one_o side_n then_o another_o have_v once_o obtain_v his_o true_a place_n since_o according_a to_o aristotle_n own_o ground_n no_o violence_n câ—n_v be_v perpetual_a to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v another_o answer_n that_o no_o satisfactory_a reason_n can_v be_v allege_v why_o it_o shall_v always_o observe_v so_o true_a and_o just_a period_n of_o time_n in_o its_o motion_n since_o all_o river_n be_v sometime_o increase_v and_o other_o time_n diminish_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o weather_n wherefore_o the_o say_a author_n which_o impugn_v this_o opinion_n have_v frame_v another_o conceit_n ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o explain_v in_o this_o sort_n it_o agree_v â—o_o reason_n say_v he_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o altogether_o follow_v the_o motion_n
of_o the_o earth_n but_o shall_v in_o part_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o in_o part_n flow_v beside_o for_o since_o it_o be_v of_o a_o moist_a nature_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o air_n about_o it_o the_o water_n iâ—_n somewhat_o leave_v behind_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n which_o be_v moâ—e_n laâ—ge_v then_o deep_a for_o if_o it_o be_v move_v forward_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v back_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n &_o will_v oftentimes_o poise_v itself_o hither_o &_o thither_o seek_v a_o aequilibration_n when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o little_a carry_v forward_o &_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v out_o of_o his_o aequilibrium_fw-la or_o aquall_a poise_n it_o will_v run_v to_o the_o other_o part_n but_o beyond_o the_o true_a poise_n forth_o violence_n of_o the_o motion_n oppress_v into_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n from_o thence_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o will_v tend_v again_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n do_v this_o oftentimes_o seek_v a_o equal_a weight_n wherein_o it_o may_v rest_v so_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n rest_v from_o her_o natural_a motion_n the_o water_n will_v also_o leave_v off_o the_o libration_n to_o and_o fro_o but_o because_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v perpetual_a the_o libration_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o per_fw-la petuall_a so_o far_o forth_o then_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o continent_n or_o earth_n it_o be_v only_o accidental_a in_o the_o water_n neither_o beside_o his_o proper_a nature_n neither_o according_a to_o nature_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o water_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n move_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n for_o it_o always_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n because_o it_o can_v equal_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o perceive_v in_o lake_n and_o river_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n for_o since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o sensible_a it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o in_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o refutation_n of_o other_o opinion_n be_v chief_o these_o two_o if_o the_o water_n by_o itself_o shall_v be_v move_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v move_v either_o according_a to_o or_o against_o his_o nature_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v grant_v first_o if_o according_a to_o nature_n there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o only_a motion_n of_o one_o body_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o many_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o arâ—stotle_n if_o beside_o or_o against_o nature_n some_o violent_a motion_n will_v be_v perpetual_a which_o also_o seem_v absurd_a wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v move_v accidental_o for_o since_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v outward_o of_o the_o air_n internal_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n be_v of_o aristotle_n call_v stagnans_fw-la or_o stand_v still_o not_o flow_v as_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v only_o trouble_v various_o with_o wind_n this_o libration_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o air_n wherefore_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o tide_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v â—ound_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v high_a &_o great_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n then_o in_o other_o lesser_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o about_o great_a britain_n it_o mount_v sometime_o above_o 80_o cubit_n also_o it_o often_o ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o lesser_a current_n because_o the_o space_n of_o this_o libration_n be_v short_a and_o straâ—ghter_a or_o because_o beside_o the_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v which_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n partake_v from_o the_o ocean_n at_o hercules_n pillar_n they_o have_v a_o proper_a libration_n in_o their_o own_o channel_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o some_o narrow_a sea_n as_o in_o the_o euripus_n beside_o euboia_n the_o sea_n seven_o time_n a_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v whereof_o there_o can_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n be_v give_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o cause_n whereto_o other_o philosopher_n ascribe_v this_o effect_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesalpinus_n seem_v to_o carry_v great_a likelihood_n of_o reason_n and_o congruity_n with_o experience_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o most_o man_n i_o dare_v not_o warrant_v it_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a neither_o can_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n because_o they_o affirm_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o air_n to_o move_v round_o with_o one_o uniform_a revolution_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o one_o shall_v not_o move_v to_o the_o opposite_a part_n or_o stay_v behind_o the_o other_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o here_o to_o do_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n more_o common_o defend_v in_o the_o school_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n other_o again_o as_o they_o admit_v the_o moon_n to_o have_v her_o operation_n in_o this_o effect_n join_v other_o cause_n to_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o seem_v more_o probable_a for_o there_o want_v not_o argument_n in_o patricius_n and_o other_o late_a writer_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n first_o because_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n whereupon_o nevertheless_o the_o moon_n have_v the_o like_a dominion_n but_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o beside_o fresh_a river_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o observation_n of_o traveller_n that_o this_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hircâ—â—_n mantian_n and_o dead_a sea_n also_o in_o maotis_n palus_n in_o the_o pontic_a propontiâ—ke_v ligurian_a and_o narbon_n streyte_n neither_o in_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n neither_o can_v the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n excuse_v it_o because_o these_o sea_n be_v great_a and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n within_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o expose_v sometime_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n second_o if_o the_o moon_n shall_v by_o she_o own_o â—orce_n excite_v and_o move_v these_o waterâ—_n then_o will_v it_o move_v those_o sea_n which_o it_o do_v move_v altogether_o and_o not_o only_o in_o part_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v first_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n ebb_n and_o flow_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n not_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n ebb_v &_o flow_v as_o one_o sea_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n wherein_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sort_n divide_v and_o yet_o those_o sea_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v as_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o gallican_n sea_n feel_v not_o any_o such_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o flâ—x_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o those_o sea_n which_o be_v say_v in_o whole_a to_o move_v shall_v equal_o flow_v in_o height_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n because_o some_o flow_v high_o and_o some_o low_a as_o for_o example_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n near_o venice_n swell_v near_o four_o foot_n in_o height_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o not_o above_o two_o â—oote_n which_o increase_n be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o aegean_a cretian_a ionian_a and_o cyprian_a sea_n also_o the_o syrian_a and_o egyptian_a even_o to_o portus_n ferinae_fw-la but_o from_o mons_fw-la pulcher_fw-la to_o the_o herculean_a streyte_n it_o increase_v above_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o without_o these_o straits_n the_o same_o ocean_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n and_o france_n the_o sea_n rise_v usual_o to_o 15_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o belgia_n and_o britain_n 18_o foot_n at_o the_o confine_n of_o bristol_n to_o 60_o and_o thence_o to_o the_o border_n of_o s._n michael_n to_o 60_o but_o at_o the_o coast_n of_o aethiopia_n near_o the_o atlantic_a shore_n it_o rise_v not_o high_a than_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n but_o near_o the_o land_n
scaliger_n who_o will_v not_o have_v a_o ship_n to_o pass_v it_o under_o three_o month_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v long_o a_o go_v then_o return_v the_o second_o experiment_n he_o take_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o one_o john_n eupolius_fw-la who_o will_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n blasiâ—â—_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n to_o melinde_v towards_o the_o indies_n can_v not_o go_v forward_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o current_n as_o they_o call_v they_o drive_v they_o back_o from_o melinde_a to_o pate_n a_o town_n by_o this_o side_n of_o the_o indies_n whence_o he_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v in_o this_o place_n rather_o run_v from_o west_n to_o east_n towards_o the_o indies_n the_o three_o experiment_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o thomas_n lope_n who_o when_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n towards_o the_o indies_n testify_v that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n be_v so_o violent_a that_o it_o oftentimes_o leap_v into_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o ship_n the_o four_o be_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o johannes_n guietanus_fw-la who_o put_v forth_o from_o tidor_n come_v into_o spain_n before_o the_o sixteen_o month_n this_o journey_n from_o tidor_n to_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n contain_v 55_o league_n which_o make_v 1650_o mile_n from_o this_o to_o the_o island_n of_o s._n helena_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o another_o pilot_n be_v 1400_o mile_n from_o whence_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n be_v 1600_o mile_n from_o hence_o to_o spain_n by_o the_o computation_n of_o degree_n be_v not_o above_o 1520_o mile_n of_o all_o which_o the_o sum_n be_v 7114._o now_o if_o we_o take_v out_o of_o sixteen_o month_n 49_o day_n wherein_o the_o ship_n against_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o which_o the_o mariner_n call_v voltegiairâ—_n and_o 70_o other_o day_n wherein_o it_o stand_v still_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o guinea_n in_o melacia_n there_o will_v remain_v a_o whole_a year_n spend_v in_o this_o journey_n which_o day_n if_o we_o divide_v by_o those_o 7114_o mile_n there_o will_v be_v allot_v to_o every_o day_n no_o more_o than_o 19_o mile_n which_o evident_o show_v that_o this_o journey_n be_v most_o short_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o navigation_n for_o if_o the_o ocean_n shall_v drive_v his_o current_n to_o st_n hâ—lâ—na_n even_o to_o the_o west_n they_o have_v end_v their_o journey_n in_o a_o far_o lesser_a time_n because_o those_o current_n as_o they_o say_v carry_v the_o ship_n but_o this_o journey_n be_v accomplish_v very_o slow_o wherefore_o the_o current_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n aâ—_n sâ—aliger_n relate_v likewise_o from_o sundry_a other_o experiment_n he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o constant_o can_v be_v observe_v to_o flow_v from_o north_n to_o south_n as_o the_o say_v scaliger_n affirm_v but_o that_o it_o be_v various_a according_a to_o diverse_a place_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n from_o the_o pole_n towards_o the_o equatouâ—_n seem_v to_o stand_v as_o well_o with_o reason_n as_o experience_n for_o all_o man_n must_v needs_o confess_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n under_o the_o equatour_n must_v be_v much_o swift_a than_o near_o the_o pole_n because_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o be_v great_a near_o the_o equatour_n now_o by_o how_o much_o swift_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v by_o so_o much_o more_o be_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o elementary_a body_n right_a under_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v air_n as_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o fire_n as_o peripatetickâ—_n imagine_v but_o howsoever_o we_o determine_v that_o controversy_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o air_n must_v suffer_v rarefaction_n answerable_a to_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n if_o not_o immediate_o by_o the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n yet_o by_o a_o consequent_a by_o the_o great_a fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n which_o under_o the_o equatour_n must_v needs_o be_v great_a and_o of_o more_o force_n than_o about_o the_o pole_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n under_o it_o must_v partake_v more_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n suffer_v a_o great_a attenuation_n 2_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v dart_v perpendicular_o can_v choose_v but_o attenuate_v and_o rarify_v the_o air_n more_o under_o the_o line_n then_o in_o place_n more_o decline_v to_o the_o pole_n this_o ground_n thus_o lay_v these_o two_o consectary_n will_v follow_v 1_o that_o the_o air_n thus_o attenuate_v must_v needs_o take_v up_o a_o largeâ—_n place_n than_o it_o before_o possess_v which_o can_v be_v but_o by_o enlarge_n itself_o towards_o either_o pole_n either_o north_n or_o south_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n in_o those_o place_n must_v be_v more_o thicken_v and_o condensated_a 2_o that_o these_o part_n of_o the_o air_n carry_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n must_v by_o condensation_n turn_v into_o water_n and_o so_o fall_v down_o in_o rain_n or_o snowes_n whence_o the_o water_n increase_a near_o the_o pole_n perpetual_o must_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n towards_o the_o equatour_n where_o they_o be_v again_o exhaust_v in_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o as_o well_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o themselves_o as_o the_o water_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o air_n may_v proportional_o maintain_v themselves_o by_o the_o mutual_a transmutation_n to_o this_o reason_n some_o have_v add_v another_o that_o the_o sun_n sojourn_v in_o the_o southern_a sign_n be_v near_a to_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o north_n by_o the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o his_o excentrice_n and_o therefore_o of_o great_a force_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n but_o whether_o this_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n i_o will_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o dispute_v let_v every_o man_n use_v his_o own_o judgement_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o conjecture_v not_o improbable_a that_o these_o current_n may_v be_v also_o vary_v according_a to_o diverse_a reason_n of_o the_o year_n as_o also_o according_a to_o diverse_a channel_n by_o diverse_a cross_n and_o doubling_n of_o the_o tide_n as_o we_o find_v in_o diverse_a place_n but_o i_o will_v not_o be_v too_o bold_a in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o walk_v without_o a_o guide_n in_o these_o uncertainty_n 4_o of_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o remain_v we_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o violent_a the_o violent_a motion_n be_v that_o which_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o wind_n the_o consideration_n of_o wind_n be_v either_o absolute_a or_o respective_a absolute_a i_o call_v that_o wherein_o the_o natural_a effect_n and_o property_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v handle_v which_o property_n belong_v to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n they_o be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n a_o natural_a body_n unperfect_o mix_v the_o respective_a consideration_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o wind_n be_v consider_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n this_o respect_n again_o twofold_a either_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o they_o design_v out_o the_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n by_o certain_a line_n call_v rhumbas_fw-la or_o else_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v a_o motion_n the_o former_a respect_n we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o first_o book_n of_o geography_n the_o late_a be_v more_o proper_a to_o this_o place_n &_o howsoever_o the_o wind_n be_v a_o exhalation_n common_a as_o well_o to_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o the_o sea_n affect_v both_o with_o some_o alteration_n yet_o because_o it_o more_o near_o affect_v the_o sea_n as_o his_o proper_a province_n and_o dominion_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v most_o observe_v of_o sea_n man_n and_o mariner_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o this_o place_n of_o wind_n some_o be_v uncertain_a and_o various_a which_o in_o all_o place_n interchangeable_o supply_v their_o turn_n keep_v no_o certainty_n or_o regularity_n in_o time_n or_o place_n other_o be_v call_v set_v or_o stand_a wind_n because_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v at_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n of_o both_o which_o as_o much_o as_o concern_v our_o purpose_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n these_o wind_n be_v by_o some_o call_v anniversary_n because_o they_o blow_v at_o a_o certain_a season_n every_o year_n of_o these_o there_o
be_v many_o kind_n mention_v by_o navigatour_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o etesian_a wind_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v every_o year_n from_o the_o north-east_n about_o the_o rise_n of_o dogstar_n and_o oftentimes_o continue_v about_o 40_o day_n this_o wind_n drive_v the_o sea_n from_o pontus_n into_o the_o egean_a sea_n even_o so_o far_o as_o egypt_n in_o the_o second_o place_n may_v we_o range_v such_o wind_n as_o be_v call_v chelidonian_n because_o they_o arise_v at_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o swallow_n it_o blow_v sometime_o from_o the_o direct-west_n so_o that_o of_o some_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o sometime_o from_o the_o northwest_n so_o that_o with_o other_o it_o be_v account_v among_o the_o north_n wind_n these_o chelidonian_a wind_n drive_v from_o the_o north_n or_o northwest_n still_o fill_v all_o the_o mediterranean_a even_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n and_o palestine_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o summer_n time_n for_o many_o day_n together_o in_o the_o three_o place_n may_v we_o account_v that_o wind_n which_o columbus_n perceive_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n come_v over_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n which_o at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v carry_v high_a at_o other_o time_n cleave_v as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n whence_o he_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o some_o moist_a land_n whereon_o he_o adventure_v on_o the_o first_o search_n of_o america_n and_o lay_v the_o first_o work_n of_o that_o discovery_n four_o to_o these_o wind_n may_v be_v reduce_v those_o yearly_a flow_n of_o the_o persian_a and_o indian_a sea_n which_o the_o portugal_n mariner_n call_v motion_n the_o persian_a sea_n suffer_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o motion_n every_o year_n while_o the_o sun_n run_v through_o the_o southern_a degree_n and_o when_o he_o arrive_v at_o the_o end_n of_o sagittarius_fw-la it_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a tempest_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n the_o indian_a sea_n while_o the_o persian_a be_v move_v be_v observe_v to_o rest_n without_o any_o great_a motion_n and_o when_o the_o persian_a be_v still_o it_o suffer_v great_a motion_n especial_o when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v into_o cancer_n this_o last_o motion_n seem_v to_o be_v not_o only_o derive_v from_o the_o provincial_a wind_n but_o some_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n whether_o these_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o current_n before_o speak_v of_o be_v a_o very_a disputable_a point_n which_o i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o search_v out_o of_o every_o set_a wind_n blow_v a_o part_n of_o the_o year_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n acosta_n treat_v at_o large_a to_o which_o he_o ascribe_v the_o current_n forspeak_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n 2_o the_o violence_n of_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n how_o far_o the_o sea_n by_o violence_n of_o wind_n have_v trespass_v on_o the_o land_n many_o have_v learn_v to_o their_o great_a loss_n and_o calamity_n it_o be_v observe_v sometime_o in_o the_o venetian_a shore_n that_o the_o sea_n drive_v with_o wind_n swell_v so_o high_a that_o overflow_a all_o the_o bank_n and_o channel_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v enforce_v to_o row_v in_o boat_n from_o house_n to_o house_n their_o cistern_n be_v infect_v with_o salt-water_n and_o their_o precious_a water_n in_o vault_n and_o cellar_n spoil_v the_o like_a have_v heretofore_o be_v find_v if_o we_o will_v credit_v history_n in_o the_o belgic_a sea_n on_o which_o the_o northwest_o wind_v blow_n with_o such_o vehemency_n and_o so_o long_o that_o it_o break_v down_o the_o ordinary_a bank_n and_o in_o zealand_n and_o holland_n swallow_v up_o many_o town_n with_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o report_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o many_o travayler_n that_o in_o a_o calm_a tide_n the_o top_n of_o tower_n and_o steeple_n have_v be_v see_v above_o the_o water_n beside_o these_o instance_n we_o may_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o strabo_n and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr munda_fw-la with_o diverse_a other_o relation_n of_o strange_a inundation_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situatio_fw-la and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o absolute_a propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v hitherto_o pass_v over_o we_o will_v consider_v next_o the_o comparative_a which_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o in_o respect_n or_o comparison_n with_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v chief_o threâ—_n 1_o depth_n 2_o situation_n 3_o termination_n 2_o the_o depth_n or_o profundity_n be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o find_v out_o the_o absolute_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n and_o by_o many_o thought_n impossible_a in_o 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to_o wit_n that_o it_o may_v water_v aswell_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o give_v moisture_n and_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n dwell_v thereon_o and_o this_o motion_n say_v he_o although_o it_o be_v against_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o altogether_o violent_a because_o elementary_a body_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o certain_a law_n to_o obey_v and_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o heavenly_a so_o that_o motion_v impress_v by_o they_o be_v not_o enforce_v on_o they_o by_o violence_n for_o albeit_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o thwart_v the_o physical_a disposition_n yet_o have_v all_o creature_n a_o obâ—dientiall_a aptness_n as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o my_o conceit_n seem_v less_o sound_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o thomas_n have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o these_o shift_n hold_v some_o of_o his_o other_o 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southpart_n be_v diminish_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o magnet_n have_v eminent_o in_o it_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v separate_v or_o divide_v by_o a_o middle_a line_n or_o aequator_fw-la from_o which_o middle_a space_n the_o virtue_n be_v convey_v towards_o either_o pole_n as_o we_o have_v before_o show_v now_o any_o part_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o north_n or_o south_n part_n this_o aequator_fw-la or_o middle_a line_n be_v remove_v from_o his_o former_a place_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o portion_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o so_o consequent_o both_o part_n be_v less_o than_o before_o for_o although_o these_o two_o end_n seem_v opposite_a yet_o be_v one_o comfort_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o other_o 9_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o coition_n and_o direction_n we_o have_v handle_v it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o second_o order_n to_o wit_n variation_n and_o declination_n 10_o variation_n be_v the_o deviation_n 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the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n that_o of_o cardan_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o bear_n that_o of_o bestardus_fw-la gallus_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n that_o of_o livius_n sanutus_n of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a meridian_n of_o francis_n maurolycus_n of_o a_o magnetical_a island_n of_o scaliger_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o mountain_n of_o robert_n norman_n of_o a_o respective_a point_n or_o place_n all_o which_o writer_n seek_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n have_v find_v it_o no_o further_o off_o then_o their_o own_o fancy_n more_o probable_a by_o far_o and_o consonant_a to_o experience_n shall_v we_o find_v their_o opinion_n which_o will_v have_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n be_v in_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a eminency_n scatter_v in_o the_o earth_n this_o inequality_n may_v be_v perceive_v to_o be_v twofold_a 1_o in_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v the_o magnetical_a mineral_n more_o than_o other_o part_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o some_o part_n be_v solid_a earth_n as_o in_o great_a continent_n 2_o because_o although_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v magnetical_a especial_o in_o the_o internal_a and_o profound_a part_n yet_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n belong_v to_o those_o part_n be_v not_o always_o so_o vigorous_a and_o eminent_a as_o in_o some_o other_o part_n as_o we_o see_v one_o loadstone_n to_o be_v strong_a or_o weak_a than_o another_o in_o virtue_n and_o power_n but_o of_o those_o two_o the_o former_a be_v more_o remarkable_a which_o may_v be_v show_v by_o experience_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sail_v along_o many_o seacoa-stes_a for_o if_o a_o sea-iourney_n be_v make_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o guinea_n by_o cape_n verde_n by_o the_o canary_n land_n the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n from_o thence_o by_o the_o confine_n of_o spain_n france_n england_n belgia_n germany_n denmark_n noruegia_n we_o shall_v find_v towards_o the_o east_n great_a and_o ample_a continent_n but_o contrariwise_o in_o the_o west_n a_o huge_a &_o vast_a ocean_n which_o be_v a_o reason_n that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n will_v vary_v from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o the_o north_n and_o incline_v rather_o to_o the_o east_n because_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o these_o continent_n and_o land_n shall_v partake_v more_o of_o this_o magnetical_a mineral_n than_o the_o part_n cover_v with_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o these_o magnetical_a body_n may_v be_v scarce_a or_o at_o the_o least_o deep_a bury_v and_o not_o so_o forceable_a on_o the_o contrary_a part_n if_o we_o sail_v by_o the_o american_n coast_n we_o shall_v rather_o find_v the_o variation_n to_o be_v westward_o as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o voyage_n be_v make_v from_o the_o confine_n of_o terra_n florida_n by_o virginia_n norumbega_n and_o so_o northward_o because_o the_o land_n but_v on_o the_o west_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n near_o the_o canary_n land_n the_o directory_n needle_n respect_v the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o at_o least_o show_v very_o little_a variation_n not_o for_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n of_o that_o place_n with_o the_o true_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n as_o some_o have_v imagine_v because_o in_o the_o same_o meridian_n pass_v by_o brasile_n it_o fall_v out_o far_o otherwise_o but_o rather_o because_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a continent_n on_o both_o side_n which_o almost_o divide_v the_o magnetical_a vigour_n so_o that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n be_v not_o force_v one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o the_o manner_n whereof_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o d._n gilbert_n express_v in_o a_o apt_a figure_n to_o who_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n 1_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n it_o be_v but_o a_o common_a
next_o winter_n whence_o come_v a_o new_a supply_n of_o more_o rain_n these_o river_n say_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n decrease_v and_o sometime_o be_v dry_a because_o of_o the_o defect_n of_o wâ—ter_n when_o the_o place_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o receive_v sufficient_a water_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n this_o opinion_n seem_v ground_v on_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v great_a and_o large_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n second_o because_o where_o there_o be_v less_o rain_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v see_v as_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o africa_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v find_v but_o in_o germany_n france_n britain_n and_o italy_n many_o river_n show_v themselves_o because_o they_o abound_v in_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o much_o fall_n of_o rain_n three_o among_o we_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n they_o be_v much_o decrease_v from_o their_o ordinary_a greatness_n or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o great_a probability_n that_o their_o original_n be_v from_o rain_n this_o opinion_n if_o it_o be_v only_o understand_v of_o some_o river_n may_v be_v probable_a because_o some_o current_n out_o of_o doubt_n take_v their_o original_n from_o great_a shower_n or_o snow_n as_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_n and_o other_o such_o place_n where_o the_o snow_n daily_o melt_v and_o feed_v they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v of_o all_o river_n it_o be_v manifest_o false_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o earth_n no_o where_o drink_v up_o the_o rain_n far_o than_o ten_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o high_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o dry_a and_o so_o easy_o drink_v up_o and_o consume_v the_o water_n within_o that_o space_n or_o else_o be_v already_o moist_a it_o receive_v it_o not_o at_o all_o but_o expel_v it_o by_o river_n and_o channel_n second_o some_o mountain_n not_o cover_v with_o earth_n but_o consist_v of_o hard_a rock_n notwithstanding_o send_v forth_o great_a store_n of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n which_o water_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v in_o through_o a_o hard_a rocky_a substance_n three_o because_o in_o very_o dry_a place_n certain_a pit_n be_v dig_v down_o into_o the_o ground_n 2_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n deep_a will_v discover_v many_o great_a stream_n of_o water_n which_o can_v not_o be_v from_o the_o receit_n of_o rain_n four_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o rain_n can_v in_o a_o winter_n fall_v into_o one_o place_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n consume_v to_o nourish_v so_o mighty_a and_o great_a river_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v river_n run_v in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n five_o all_o river_n almost_o take_v their_o original_n from_o some_o mountain_n or_o other_o as_o danubius_n from_o the_o alps_n and_o nilus_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n which_o place_n be_v extraordinary_a high_a be_v more_o unapt_a to_o receive_v water_n than_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o reason_n that_o they_o allege_v for_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o answer_v that_o river_n shall_v be_v great_a in_o winter_n thâ—_n in_o the_o summer_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v better_o give_v because_o more_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n fall_v into_o the_o brink_n from_o external_a râ—ine_n or_o snow_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a be_v able_a to_o drink_v less_o then_o at_o other_o time_n which_o be_v also_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n there_o be_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o rivers_n for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o fountain_n may_v sometime_o be_v increase_v and_o sometime_o diminish_v by_o addition_n of_o rainwater_n but_o that_o any_o such_o vast_a concavity_n shall_v be_v under_o ground_n as_o the_o receptacle_n of_o so_o much_o rain_n and_o shall_v nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n the_o second_o opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o think_v that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o conceit_n have_v be_v strong_o fortify_v by_o many_o father_n of_o the_o church_n and_o grave_a divine_n of_o late_a time_n which_o opinion_n be_v chief_o ground_v upon_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o seem_v a_o most_o incredible_a matter_n that_o so_o much_o vaporous_a matter_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n to_o feed_v such_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n second_o if_o all_o river_n shall_v not_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o so_o many_o river_n daily_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n shall_v not_o increase_v but_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n three_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o urge_v the_o place_n of_o eccles._n 1_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o come_v they_o return_v that_o they_o may_v flow_v again_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o conceive_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a &_o low_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v shall_v ascend_v into_o high_a mountain_n out_o of_o which_o we_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n oftentimes_o to_o arise_v for_o either_o it_o must_v ascend_v natural_o or_o by_o violence_n not_o natural_o for_o the_o foresay_a cause_n because_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a body_n if_o violent_o they_o must_v assign_v some_o external_a agent_n which_o enforce_v it_o to_o this_o violence_n this_o difficulty_n diverse_a author_n have_v labour_v diverse_a way_n to_o salve_v some_o among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v theodoret_n have_v flee_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n in_o god_n providence_n as_o though_o the_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n heavy_a shall_v be_v notwithstanding_o enforce_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a because_o although_o we_o can_v deny_v god_n miraculous_a and_o extraordinary_a work_n in_o some_o thing_n yet_o all_o man_n have_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n and_o very_o strange_a it_o be_v to_o imagine_v that_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n other_o as_o basill_n have_v think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v drive_v upward_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a â—_z enclose_v in_o it_o mare_n as_o he_o say_v fluitans_fw-la &_o permeans_fw-la per_fw-la cuniculos_fw-la fistularet_n &_o angustos_fw-la â—ox_fw-la ubi_fw-la obliquis_fw-la aut_fw-la certe_fw-la recta_fw-la in_o sublime_a surrectis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la se_fw-la occupatum_fw-la deprehenderit_fw-la ab_fw-la agitante_fw-la compulsum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la superficie_fw-la terrâ—_n vi_fw-la disrupta_fw-la erumpit_fw-la atque_fw-la for_o as_o emicat_fw-la the_o same_o opinion_n almost_o in_o every_o respect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o plato_n in_o phedone_n and_o pliny_n 2_o book_n .65_o chap._n quo_fw-la inquit_fw-la spiritu_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o terrâ—_n pondere_fw-la expressa_fw-la siphonum_fw-la modo_fw-la eâ—â—cat_fw-la tantâ—que_fw-la a_o periculo_fw-la decidendi_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o summa_fw-la quoque_fw-la et_fw-la â—â—tissima_fw-la exiliat_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la quare_fw-la tot_fw-la fâ—uâ—inum_fw-la quotidiâ—nâ—_n accessu_fw-la maria_fw-la non_fw-la crescant_fw-la but_o this_o exposition_n will_v hardly_o satisfy_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o search_v far_o than_o obscurity_n of_o word_n for_o first_o by_o admit_v spirit_n as_o mover_n of_o the_o water_n they_o seem_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o platonic_a opinion_n before_o examine_v of_o we_o concern_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-water_n second_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o spirit_n in_o the_o water_n to_o which_o they_o ascribe_v this_o motion_n be_v natural_a agent_n or_o supernatural_a or_o violent_a they_o can_v be_v natural_a agent_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o drive_v and_o enforce_v the_o water_n against_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o by_o nature_n as_o all_o man_n know_v it_o be_v apt_a to_o descend_v whereas_o here_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o ascend_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o spirit_n they_o can_v be_v violent_a agent_n because_o they_o be_v perpetual_a whereas_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a thomas_n aquinas_n be_v desirous_a to_o show_v how_o much_o fountain_n can_v ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea-water_n vary_v in_o opinion_n from_o the_o former_a and_o imagine_v that_o the_o fountain_n and_o river-water_n be_v draw_v upward_o through_o the_o force_n of_o celestial_a body_n for_o the_o common_a good_a
it_o seem_v the_o same_o level_n this_o may_v for_o aught_o we_o know_v be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o lake_n and_o this_o also_o may_v be_v a_o way_n or_o mean_n whereby_o they_o empty_a and_o disburden_v themselves_o be_v overcharge_v with_o too_o much_o water_n chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plain_a region_n wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 1_o the_o second_o variation_n in_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v express_v in_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_a country_n a_o mountain_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o earth_n heap_v above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n a_o valley_n be_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o two_o mountain_n a_o plain_a be_v a_o space_n of_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v find_v no_o notable_a rise_n or_o fall_v of_o the_o ground_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o its_o external_a figurature_n into_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v very_o natural_a because_o every_o space_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o place_n near_o or_o about_o it_o must_v either_o rise_v high_o or_o fall_v low_o or_o at_o least_o must_v bear_v a_o equality_n where_o the_o former_a be_v admit_v there_o must_v needs_o be_v mountain_n swell_v high_o than_o the_o ordinary_a level_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o second_o be_v find_v the_o ground_n be_v indent_v with_o valley_n and_o concavity_n where_o the_o three_o be_v to_o be_v see_v there_o must_v be_v plain_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o howsoever_o plain_n absolute_o consider_v have_v a_o spherical_a surface_n for_o the_o most_o part_n especial_o if_o the_o plain_n be_v large_a because_o they_o concur_v as_o circular_a segment_n to_o make_v up_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o they_o may_v be_v call_v plain_n because_o they_o so_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n which_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n can_v perceive_v the_o spherical_a figurature_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o gramarian_n here_o curious_o distinguish_v 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