Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	body_n	heaven_n	soul_n	16,244	5	5.2792	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05049	A most excellent and learned vvoorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyuers translations to our vulgar or vsuall frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte by Iohn Halle chirurgien. Who hath thervnto necessarily annexed. A table, as wel of the names of diseases and simples with their vertues, as also of all other termes of the arte opened. ... And in the ende a compendious worke of anatomie ... An historiall expostulation also against the beastly abusers, both of chyrurgerie and phisicke in our tyme: with a goodly doctrine, and instruction, necessary to be marked and folowed of all true chirurgie[n]s. All these faithfully gathered, and diligently set forth, by the sayde Iohn Halle.; Chirurgia parva. English	Lanfranco, of Milan, 13th cent.; Hall, John, b. 1529 or 30.	1565 (1565)	STC 15192; ESTC S109324	283,008	454

therfore iudge the same to haue a certeyne lykenes with the heauenly nature And as the world hath two notable lyghtes to gouerne the same namely the Sonne and the Moone so hath the body of man planred lykewyse in the hyghest place twoo lyghtes called eyes whiche are the lyghtes of the body as the Sonne and the Moone are the lyghtes of the worlde And it is also wrytten of some doctors that the brayne hath .vii. concauites being instrumentes of the wyttes which answere vnto the .vii. spheres of the planetes And to be briefe it is a worlde ●o beholde and a wonderful wonder to thynke that as great merueyles maye bee seene wrought by God in nature in this litle worlde man his body as ther is to be considered in any thyng in the vnyuersall great worlde aboue or benethe at any tyme. Secondly it is called a common weale for as muche as there is therin conseyned as it were a ryghteous regiment betwene a prynce and this subiectes as for example Let vs call the harte of mā a king the brayne and the lyuer the chiefe gouernours vnder hym the stomache and the guttes with other aperteinyng to nutrymente the officers of his courte and all the members vniuersally his subiectes And then let vs see if any man can deuyse any necessary instrument of a common weale nedefull for the wealth of the same from the hyghest to the lowest that the lyke shall not be founde in the body of man as it is so well knowne to all those that trauel in the knowledge of Anatomie that I nede not here muche therof to wryte Can it be perceyued that the hande or the fote or any part of them or such lyke which we may lyken to the labourers or as some call them vyle mēbers of a common weale at any tyme to resiste or rebel against the harte their soueraigne lorde or any other officer vnder hym their superiors no truly The body of man is a common weale without rebellion the kyng so louyng his subiectes and the subiectes so louyng their kyng that the one is euer redy to mynister vnto the other all thynges nedefull as if the harte by any occasion susteyne damage as we may see in the disease called Sincope or swoundyng At suche a tyme I saye the face the handes and the fete are founde colde and without felynge strengthe or lyfe and what proueth it but that as louynge and obedient subiectes they thynke nothyng theyr own wherof the harte hath nede whiche is their lorde and gouernor yea they vtterly depryue thē selues of altogether to serue and please theyr lord Immediatly as the swoundyng ceaseth the bloude resorteth to the face she handes and the feete are warme agayne as it were benefites done rendered agayne with thankes and ioye And is not suche a lorde and kyng worthye of good subiectes that for the helpe of one of the leaste of them wyl spend all that he hath so long as lyte endureth as if a mēber be hurte wherby any veyne or artery is cutte the bloud or spirite will issue in suche wyse that it wyll not cease commyng thyther so longe as any is lette if it be not in tyme preuented Oh kynd and gentyll gouernour oh wel wyllyng and obedient subiectes Thirdly the body of man is called in greeke Anthropos in latin by interpretation Arbor euersa as we myght saye in Englysh a tree turned vpside downe For as a tree hath his roote in the earth growyng with his body and branches from the earth vp towardes the heauens so contrariwyse man hath his roote whiche is the head vpwarde towardes the heauens all other partes descendyng downwards to the earth which standeth by good reason that for this cause man of al otherthinges vnder heauen should be most excellent by the vse of reason receiued of the soule and of the same immortalitie most like vnto god Consideryng therfore that the body of man is so precious it shoulde seme that the science that serueth to kepe the same in healthe or to restore health beyng loste to the same should be a thyng of no smal value but rather of great regarde Therfore as I iudge they erre not that esteme the medicinall arte next vnto diuinitie for as muche as diuynitie is the meane wherby the soule is saued chirurgery the meane to saue the body whiche is next in value vnto the soule Wherfore as they which lytle esteme that arte wherof the office is so precious seme very vnwyse and to wante vtterly the vse of reason so is it a great enormitie for any to enterpryse to vse that arte not able to cōprehende the knowledge of the same For the which cause that I myght partly helpe younge studentes as I am one my selfe to the ataynyng of some perfectiō I haue here gathered a lytle worke conteynyng three shorte treatyses of the Anatomy or dissection of the partes of man his body Wherin I wyl not he so curious as to take vpon me the precise numberyng of euery smal and difficulte parte nor to be exquisite in the dyuersitie of names but only shewyng suche number and names briefly as serue moste to the commodities of the chyrurgiens intelection with an order of conducible notes howe to vse our handy worke of medicine called in greke Chirurgia vpon the body of man or any parte therof whether it be ●ncisions cauterizations bloudlettyng called phlebotomy or ventosing called also cuppyng or boxyng scarification or openyng of apostemes on what parte of the body so euer it be that none error be committed in the same For of the contrary as of the vncunnyng doynges of any of these commeth dyuers dangers as the depriuation and losse both of members and lyfe And as it may euidently apeare for that cause was the cutting out of dead bodies first put in vse and the large volumes wrytten therof by auncient authors declare their intent to be chiefly for that thing So that as Guido affirmeth Anatomy is .ij. wayes to be learned The first and beste by cuttyng of dead bodyes The seconde by doctrine wrytten in bookes Of this later maner we shall by the grace of God in this short treatyse saye a lytle as occasion serueth and as the smalnes of the volume wyll geue me leaue Beyng therto somwhat encouraged by the example of good maister U●carie late sargeante chyrurgien to the que●nes highnes Who was the firste that euer wrote a treatyse of Anatomie in Englyshe to the profite of his brethren chirurgiens and the helpe of younge studentes as farre as I can learne Wherin I haue omytted narracion by tables or payntyng out of pyctures thinkyng it more profitable for learners to exercyse the cuttyng out of bodyes them selues then to beholde the grauyng or paynting of others For Galen sayeth in his seconde boke of the vse of partes that whosoeuer wyll be a dyligent beholder of the workes of nature It behoueth hym not to beleue only bokes of Anatomie but rather his owne

more then Mastiche It purgeth strayte passages and draweth from depthe more then the reste and because it is of qualities moste moderate it is moste safely admyxed with medicines that heale vlcers whiche should be without byting But neyther is this our Terebynthine whiche is the gumme of the tree Laryx and called Larigna not without his specyall vertues nor yet as some suspect the finest that we haue callyng it Terebinthinam Venetam For it is as many learned affirme A resine taken out of the rynde of the younge whyte fyrre tree called Abies and was of the auncientes called Resina oleosa The determination wherof I referre vnto them againe Terra sigillata Earth called of the Latins Terra in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is vsually that whiche beinge put in water dissolueth and is diuers kyndes For so muche as the body of the earthe is of nature drie vtterly voyde of fyrie substance euery earth drieth without bityng Wherof many namely such as are mete for medicine are in Dioscorides treated of at large Among the which 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id est terra lemnia sayth he groweth in holes lyke cunny borowes and is broughte from a fenny place out of the Isle Lemno which the inhabitantes gather and myxing it with goates bloude they make it in lytle cakes or loues and signe it with the image of a gote therfore call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoc est sigillū caprae or rather as Galen wil who of purpose to se it visited the place aboue sayde because it is impressed with the sacred signet of Diana but nowe is it marked with the Turkyshe sygnet He maketh therof three differences The firste he also calleth Leminam phragidon whiche it was not lawfull for any to touche but their women priestes and differeth from Lēnia rubrica called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It est terra sigilla●a rubea in that it defileth not the fingers when it is touched as Lemnia rubrica doth and is of colour yelowe lyke the hyll in Lemno wheron there is neither stones trees or plantes growyng So muche sayeth he is this earth visited To the thyrd he geueth neither name nor description but sayeth that it hath scouring faculties The other two ar of driyng facultie and are vsed for the Dysenteria against the venime of beastes or hurtfull medicines and also for all olde and malignant vlcers Tertiana febris THe tertian feuer is eyther continuall and called Tertiana continua or els hath intermission and is named Tertiana intermittens Lanfranke calleth it Interpolata whiche is double That is Tertiana pura uel exquisita tertiana notha siue spuria Exquisita tertiana intermittēs is caused of yelow coler dilated by the sensible partes of the bodye and kepeth her owne pure and sincere nature and chaunceth to younge choleryke persons in Sommer or in whotte and drie regions inuadynge with a vehemente rigor wherin it differeth from Febre ardente lyke the pryckynge of nedles and therin differeth from a quartane whiche indureth not longe but soone foloweth vehement heate and muche sweate This feuer endureth not aboue seuen Paroxysmes neither doe any of thē excede the space of twelue houres Tertiana notha intermittens is made for the most part whē choler is mixed with phlegme either grosse or thin somtimes though rarely with melācholie which passeth oftē both in numbre space of time the paroxysmes aboue sayd But not so vehement neyther doe the signes of digestion so sone appeare For Tertiana continua resorte to Cau●on Thapsia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so called sayeth Dioscorides because it was firste founde in the Isle Thapso is an herbe lyke to Ferula in his whole nature hauyng a sclenderer stalke with leues lyke fenel And on euery branche a spokye toppe lyke to Dylle with yellowe flowers and a sede lyke Ferula but broder somwhat and lesse hauyng also a long 〈◊〉 blacke without and whyte within sharp also and couered with a thick rynde The rynde and the milky iuyce therof dooe purge choler but is perylous to take without great prouydence It is by the testimonie of Galen of a sharpe and a myghty heatyng facultie ioyned with moisture And therfore draweth violently from the depth and that which it draweth it digesteth The iuyce hereof whiche is by arte gathered from the roote is so vehemēt sharpe that the very breathe of the same maketh the face and other naked partes of thē that gather it to swell excedyngly and to ryse in pustules Thymum THymum or Thymus is also called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which name also it hath almoste in euery language though not the same thyng euery where for Theophrastus and Plinie mencioneth two kyndes callyng them Album nigrum as also Dioscorides doth though not wher he describeth Thymum creticum that is Thyme of Candy whiche is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hoc est Thymum capitatum but in his chapiter of Epithymum whiche he affirmeth to come a Thymo duriore satureiae simili that is of a harder Thyme lyke to Sauerie which I take to be our Thyme and is of the odor that it hath lyke to Serpyllum called Serpyllum hortense Thymū sayeth Galen cutteth and heateth vehemently and therfore Vrinam menses prouocat foetumque potum euellit It purgeth the bowelles and ioyneth with other medicines attractiues prepared for the brest and the lunges Thus. INcence called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as well as the tree wherof it commeth called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is called in Latyne Thus and groweth in Arabia Herof Dioscorides maketh foure sortes The best sayeth he is Thus masculinum of his owne nature rounde like a drope and therfore called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whyte vndeuisyble fatte within when it is broken and burneth spedely hereof at Olibanū That of India is of swarte and reddishe colour and is made rounde by industrie as first by cutting it in square peces then tournyng it in vesselles till it waxe rounde but in tyme it wareth yelowe and this they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Syagrum The second place hath Thus arabicū growing in Smilo which some call Copiscum of colour darke yellowe An other kinde there is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some Candidum whiche cleaueth to the fyngers as doth masticke Cortex thuris whiche is the rynde of the Incense tree is here also to be remembred which ought to be new thicke fatty swete smellyng not rough without skinnes Hereof also commeth Manna thuris or Manna graecorum hauing also sayeth Galen some of the rynde therwith wherof in his place Thus heateth sayeth Galen in the second degree drieth in the first and hath some adstriction The rynde drieth in the seconde degree and byndeth euidently It is of

Vasa Emulgentia whiche drawe the waterye thin substance from the bloude into the reines or kinde●s as it weare whey deuyded from pure milke For whiche cause the Phisitiens call the vrine Serum Sanguinis the whaye of bloude And in the midest of the chest of the liuer is set the blader of choler commonlye called the gall in Greeke Cystis choledoche and in latine Folliculus fellis or Vesicula fellis Whiche is an officiall member spermatike and sinewy From the whyche departeth two holowe pipes wherof one beareth choler called Fel Bilis and in Greke Chole to the stomache to helpe therby digestion whiche also beinge sharpe and bitter doth mightilye scoure awaye the remanentes The other caryeth of the same matter to the gutte Pyloron whyche by the aforsayde qualityes purgeth from the same and from the rest of the guttes their sliminesse and excrementes On the left syde as in the vnworthyer place is sette the splene commonlye called the milte in Greeke Splen and in Latine Lien whyche is a member spermatike and officiall And is fastened wyth the liuer by certeine waies or vessels that goe betwene them whereby the grosse and feculente partes of the bloude are broughte from the lyuer vnto the same Which kepeth them by conuerting them as it were into hys owne substance vntil by nature hir impulsyon it be set out to serue else where some necessary purpose wher in the mean time it is deuided and extenuated and made a commodious nutriment to the splene that by the meanes of certeine arteries proceding from the great artery immediatly as it is passed throughe Septum transuersum Of this melancholike iuyce called Chole or rather Melāchole and in latine Atra bilis That which is left or spared of the aboue said nutriment doth nature vse euen as she doth yelowe choler to stirre vp appetite by his sharpnesse and sournesse in the mouth of the stomache And also conueying the same eche way by passages conuenient to helpe the vertue retentiue bothe in the guttes and stomache The .v. Chapiter ¶ Of the stomache and of the guttes of Mesenterium and of the veines called Haemorrhoydes IN the myddest of those members is the stomach called Ventriculus in greke Stomachos whyche is a member compounde and spermatike synewye and very sensible and is made of .ii. coates of the whyche the innermoste is synewye and the outmoste is fleshy And is to all the members of the bodye as the earthe is to all thinges ingendered in the same so that all other members of the bodye require of hym the substance wherby they are nourished as Galen saythe in the firste chapiter of his booke De Iuuamentis Whose vpper parte is straighte and narow and his nether parte verye wyde and large and his lower parte is ended in the place of the nauell and is called the fyrste vessell wherein nature maketh and fulfilleth her firste naturalle dygestion Wherfore it is called the chest or store house for all the meat belōging to the body and the cooke also which dresseth meat for all partes of the bodye for in the bothome of the stomache is made principally the digestion wherby all the members of the body do growe and are nourished And to the stomache is tyed fastened and continued one gutte whyche after the difference of places is deuyded and called by diuers names generallye Entera in greeke Intestina in latine whose diuisyon is into .vi. partes Wherof the firste beinge in lengthe .xii. inches is named Dodecadactylos Ecphysis in latin Duodenum The vpper end wherof which is fastened to the nether orifice of the stomache being as it were the gate of the same for by the helpe of a glandule therin it stoppeth so closelye the passage that nothinge can passe out therat till concoction be fullye fynished is called Pyloros in latine Portenarium that is the porter or dore keper The seconde or nexte gutte vnto this is called Exortus Ieiunium that is the empty or fastinge gut so called because it is euer founde voyde or emptye In this chiefly in Duodeno also and in the bothome of the stomache are fixed certeyne cleane and subtill veines whose continualle drawinge is the cause of emptinesse in the same whyche before and also hereafter I call Meseraicas By the which they expell and the lyuer draweth to him selfe the best and purest iuyce of the meat and drinke that are in those members concocted Wyth the lower ende of Ieiuni is knit the longe gutte that we call the small guttes the greekes Ileon the latines Tenue uel Subtilae and is of lengthe .xvi. cubites Herte vnto thys is Monoculos called also Caecum intestinum or Saccus in Englyshe the sacke or blinde gutte because it semeth to haue but one hole in the vpper end for the other ende is like the bothome of a sacke or bagge Unto the whyche is adioyned Colon or the rounde gutte whervnto also is anexed the laste gutte as a parte of the same called Langaon Intestinum rectum whyche commeth straighte downe by the spondilies of the reynes and is ended in the fundamente Note also that the guttes haue theyr situation wyth a certeyne member called Mesenterium in Greeke Mesaraeon whiche is a notable texture of innumerable veines and arteries whiche are called Mesaraica Vasa being the first veines throughe whome the nutrityue iuyce as yet but rawe is drawne oute of the stomache at the bothome of the same and caried to the gates of the liuer there to be the seconde tyme concocted And these veynes doe spring out ramifye of the veyne called Porta Hepatis are wholy couered and defended wyth pannycles and ligamentes whiche are also common to the guttes and this Mesenterium beinge taken oute of the body is lyke the cape of a shepheardes cloke the backe parte wherof is full of kurnels or glandulous fleshe which as I remēber the butchers when they take this mēber oute of swyne and other beastes do call the Trowe It growinge faste to the backe is the staye to all the guttes that they moue not from theyr due and conuenyent places And from the lyuer and the splene come fiue veynes to the fundamente or ende of Longaon called Haemorrhoides for the melancholy bloud that they shede and when they be swolne or open the disease is called Haemorrbois and commonlye the Emeroydes or Piles The .vi. Chapiter ¶ Of the bladder the kidneis the water pypes and the wayes generallye of vryne VPon the gutte Longaon or betwene Longaon and the share in a man and betwene the matrixe and the share in a woman is set the blader called in latine Vesica and in Greke Physe The whyche is the vessell of vrine beynge of a sinewye substance and the necke therof is fleshye or musculye And it is made of .ii. coates the whych be ii skinnes and in the bladder are manye small

or turnynge ioynte of the necke is called in latine Ceruix and the foreparte of the necke whych reacheth from the face to the beginnyng of the breast or canell bones is called Collum the throte is called Gula the shoulders are called Humeri the vpper parte of the shoulder is lugulum and the shoulder blades Scapulae The vpper parte of the arme continuinge the lengthe of the adiutorye bone from the shoulder to the elbow is called Brachlum the boughte of the arme Gibber the elbowe Cubitus ▪ The part betwene the elbow the wrest which we call in English the cubite is called in latine Vlna the wrest Carpus the hands Martus the palme of the hand Palma the thumbe is called in latine Pollex the forefinger Index the middle finger Medius the ring fynger whych is also called the wedding finger is called Medicus the litle finger or ear fīger is called ●uricularis The arme holes are called in latine Axillae the breast Pectus the sides Latera the pappes or dugges Māmae the nepples or tetes Papillae the back Dorsum the nether parts wher of next vnto the hippes are called in latine Lumbi in greke Lagone in Englishe the loynes The bellye is called Venter the nether parte thereof Imus Venter the nauell Vmbilicus and the side betwene the bellye and the back vnder the ribbes is called Hypochondria which we may call in Englishe the waste The grinde or share is called Pubes betwene the whyche are sette the priuye members vnder the bothome of the bely whiche some call the genitales wherof that part which we call the yarde is called in latine Virga ▪ or Caulis the fleshye head wherof is called Glans and the skin couerynge the same Praeputium the coddes or balock purs Scrotum and the stones Testiculi The buttockes are called Nates the fundament Anus the hippes Coxendices the thighe Femur the knee Genu the hammes Poplites the shinnes Tibiae and the caulfe of the legge Sura Then folowe the feete whyche are set vnder the legges as the handes are vnder the armes and they are called in latine Pedes the sides wherof which we call in English ancles are called in latine Malleoli and the hinder part whych we cal the hele is named Calx or Calcaneus The holow of the foote is called Planta the treading place is named Vestigiū then procede there forth the toes as in the handes there do fingers which bothe are called in latine Digiti the toes being called Digiti Pedis And as wel on the toes as on the fingers are nailes growing which are called in latin Vngues Thus to the honor and glory of God that so wonderfully hath wroughte in natnre I haue shewed suche thinges as in the bodye of man is to be considered in order of Anatomye as farre as my simple knowledge was then able to collecte partly as I haue obserued by experience and partly as I could gather of good authores euen suche auncient wryters as in this worke I haue by occasion aleaged and also some newe wryters of Anatomy of oure time as Vesalius Carolus Stephanus c. as wel of the inwarde as of the outwarde partes that yong studentes maye haue therof some profite as I my self haue learned and profited in gathering of the same Desiering all those to whōe any thing herein wrytten shall seme vnperfect grosse or vntrue that of their gentlenesse they wil bestowe their laboure and sette forthe the frutes of their good and laudable studies in amendyng that to them shal seme amysse euen as I haue bene to shew my good wil in doing of this briefe and symple thyng and wil also be most glad at their handes to receaue wyth condinge thankes and laud suche learning as may amend my fault or redresse mine error that the truthe maye also in these thinges be published to the contentation of all gētle wel willing mindes wherat some mighte seme astoned through the variety of opinion in wryters whych neuerthelesse shot al at one marke for the most part and vtter their sētences the seme so variable to one end purpose if they be in differentlye wayed and vnderstande though yet euery one sawe not all no not the moste autentike That is to saye that by the knowledge of the situation of all members in the bodye there maye be a safe and cunning workynge in Chirurgery vpon the bodye of man to auoyde error and offence For the whyche cause I haue in thys worke rather vsed that order then to be precise in numbers or curiouse in names The Conclusyon of the whole worke NOw to conclude this general and third treatise and so of thys whole worke confessynge mine imbesility and want of perfection thus muche I saye that the bodye of man wherof we haue brieflye treated is as all other creatures are made and compacte of the foure Elementes That is to saye Fyre Aire Water and Earthe As their verye properties maye be perceiued in the foure humores in manne namelye bloude Phlegme Choler and melancholye For the whyche cause the sayde .iiii. humores are called of the learned sort the sonnes of elementes For as the fire is hot and drye so is choler and as the ayre is hotte and moyste so is bloude as the water is colde and moyste so is Phlegme and as the earthe is colde and drye so is melancholye And of those foure humores are the foure complexions named as Sanguine Cholericke Phlegmatike and Melancholike Yet not wythstanding we call no man so because he is made of one onlye elemente or that he is indued wyth one onlye humore But contrarye as I sayde before euerye person is made of foure elementes and hathe in hym foure humores but not euerye man in a lyke temperature And that is the cause that one man is named of one humore and an other of an other As when bloude excedeth or surmounteth in anye bodye the rest of the humores that person is called a Sanguine man not because he is all of bloude but because bloude beareth in the bodye moste domination And so likewyse it is to be vnderstand of all the other three to be called of choler cholerike of Phlegme Phlegmatike of Melancholye Melancholike And also I vnderstande that in the complexions is a deuision of nyne temperamentes of the whyche fyrste there be .iiii. symple That is to saye hotte colde drye and moyste whereof there are two actiues that is to say workers and the other two bene passiues that is to saye sufferers And brieflye to saye hotnesse and coldnesse be actiues drinesse and moystnesse be passiues And by the combination or bindinge together of two of the aforesayde foure the one alwayes beinge actiue the other passiue are the other foure made that is to saye the compounde complexions as hot and moyste colde and moyste hotte and drye colde and dry The ninthe whyche differeth from all these is the verye true temperamente