they_o want_v right_a so_o to_o do_v or_o because_o they_o doubt_v of_o their_o right_n in_o that_o behalf_n for_o they_o well_o know_v they_o have_v the_o same_o right_n the_o same_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n that_o their_o predecessor_n have_v but_o because_o they_o find_v other_o mean_n to_o make_v other_o profit_n upon_o transport_v of_o merchandizé_n and_o that_o in_o another_o manner_n and_o in_o so_o high_a measure_n as_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n in_o those_o day_n can_v hardly_o bear_v any_o great_a charge_n without_o danger_n of_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o therefore_o those_o prince_n do_v in_o their_o wisdom_n forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o further_a imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n for_o these_o king_n who_o reign_v after_o king_n edw._n 3._o who_o conquer_v calais_n in_o france_n and_o before_o queen_n mary_n lose_v calais_n have_v two_o principal_a way_n and_o mean_n to_o raise_v extraordinary_a profit_n upon_o merchandize_n but_o proceed_v from_o one_o cause_n namely_o from_o establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n for_o king_n edw._n 3._o some_o few_o year_n before_o his_o death_n do_v by_o his_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n erect_v a_o staple_n at_o his_o town_n of_o calais_n and_o do_v ordain_v and_o command_v calais_n that_o all_o the_o merchandize_n export_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n by_o any_o merchant_n denison_n or_o alien_n shall_v present_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n and_o to_o no_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n this_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v first_o settle_v and_o fix_v there_o by_o a_o ordinance_n which_o the_o king_n make_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n in_o the_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o if_o this_o ordinance_n so_o make_v have_v be_v think_v unlawful_a and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a it_o will_v never_o have_v be_v approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o so_o many_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o rich._n 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o and_o edw._n 4._o neither_o can_v there_o have_v be_v such_o heavy_a penalty_n lay_v by_o those_o parliament_n upon_o the_o transgressor_n of_o those_o ordinance_n insomuch_o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n to_o transport_v any_o merchandize_n to_o any_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o calais_n only_o now_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n be_v thus_o establish_v there_o do_v arise_v a_o double_a profit_n to_o the_o crown_n for_o transport_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o other_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n first_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o merchandize_n transport_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n which_o before_o be_v single_a and_o pay_v but_o once_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o outgate_n after_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n the_o duty_n for_o the_o same_o merchandize_n become_v double_a at_o the_o least_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n treble_a and_o be_v ever_o pay_v twice_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thrice_o namely_o once_o upon_o the_o outgate_n in_o the_o port_n of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n second_o upon_o the_o ingate_n at_o calais_n and_o because_o all_o the_o commodity_n bring_v into_o calais_n can_v not_o be_v vent_v into_o the_o main_a land_n there_o but_o the_o great_a part_n be_v to_o be_v export_v again_o by_o sea_n into_o high_a or_o low_a germany_n and_o other_o the_o north-east_n country_n and_o some_o into_o spain_n and_o italy_n and_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o levant_n there_o do_v arise_v a_o three_o payment_n of_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o so_o much_o of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v export_v again_o cut_v of_o calais_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n do_v amount_v to_o threescore_o thousand_o or_o threescore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3._o and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 2._o hen._n 4._o 4._o hen._n 5._o 5._o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 6._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n which_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n at_o this_o day_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v now_o raise_v from_o two_o shilling_n to_o five_o shilling_n do_v make_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o do_v equal_a or_o surmount_v all_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n receive_v at_o this_o day_n though_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v exceed_o increase_v in_o these_o time_n and_o albeit_o the_o breach_n of_o amity_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o low_a germany_n in_o the_o weak_a and_o unfortunate_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n 6._o do_v cause_v a_o stop_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o that_o country_n into_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o staple_n ware_n especial_o wool_n and_o cloth_n be_v vent_v and_o utter_v and_o be_v likewise_o the_o cause_n of_o loss_n of_o all_o our_o territory_n in_o france_n except_o calais_n and_o all_o the_o merchandize_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o custom_n and_o other_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o unhappy_a prince_n withdraw_v and_o diminish_v to_o a_o low_a proportion_n yet_o afterwards_o upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o margaret_n sister_n to_o king_n e._n 4._o unto_o the_o lord_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o that_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a wool_n which_o bring_v so_o much_o gold_n into_o his_o country_n he_o institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n and_o thereupon_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n be_v raise_v again_o to_o so_o high_a a_o revenue_n as_o our_o king_n can_v not_o well_o in_o policy_n strain_v that_o strength_n of_o profit_n upon_o merchandize_n any_o high_a second_o albeit_o the_o staple_n establish_v at_o calais_n be_v first_o establish_v by_o a_o order_n make_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n be_v afterwards_o approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o do_v the_o king_n by_o another_o prerogative_n retain_v a_o power_n to_o dispense_v with_o that_o ordinance_n and_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o to_o give_v licence_n to_o such_o and_o so_o many_o merchant_n as_o himself_o think_v fit_a to_o export_v any_o merchandize_n out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n unto_o any_o other_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o à _fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la of_o the_o first_o ordinance_n and_o of_o the_o statute_n which_o do_v establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o power_n the_o several_a king_n who_o have_v calais_n in_o their_o possession_n do_v grant_v so_o many_o licence_n to_o merchant_n as_o well_o alien_n as_o denizen_n to_o transport_v our_o staple_n commodity_n immediate_o into_o other_o place_n without_o come_v to_o calais_n for_o which_o licence_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o incredible_a number_n find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o england_n the_o merchant_n pay_v so_o dear_a for_o their_o commodity_n especial_o the_o genoese_n and_o the_o venetian_n and_o other_o merchant_n of_o the_o levant_n as_o by_o the_o profit_n make_v of_o those_o licence_n do_v amount_v to_o double_v the_o value_n of_o those_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n payable_a for_o exportation_n thereof_o and_o thereof_o those_o prince_n as_o they_o have_v the_o less_o need_n so_o have_v they_o no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o charge_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n with_o any_o other_o or_o great_a imposition_n in_o these_o two_o point_n before_o express_v do_v consist_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o the_o prince_n of_o england_n who_o succeed_v king_n edw._n 3._o who_o win_v calais_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n who_o lose_v calais_n do_v not_o direct_o use_v their_o prerogative_n in_o set_v any_o other_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o part_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o reign_v after_o k._n edw._n 3._o and_o before_o queen_n mary_n have_v the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n grant_v unto_o they_o by_o parliament_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n do_v augment_v not_o a_o little_a the_o profit_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n and_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n likewise_o why_o those_o king_n do_v forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o other_o imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n
this_o be_v magna_fw-la customa_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o briton_n and_o though_o the_o certain_a rate_n thereof_o do_v not_o appear_v yet_o because_o the_o same_o be_v gravia_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la in_o those_o day_n we_o may_v easy_o believe_v that_o custom_n to_o have_v be_v great_a than_o the_o demi_a mark_n for_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n again_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charia_fw-la which_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o king_n john_n speak_v of_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n and_o the_o book_n of_o 29_o edw._n 3._o make_v mention_n of_o ancient_a custom_n grant_v to_o king_n john_n in_o the_o town_n of_o southampton_n which_o doubtless_o be_v other_o custom_n than_o that_o of_o the_o demi_a mark_n etc._n etc._n for_o that_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o tower_n 3_o edw._n 1._o rot._n sin_n 24._o and_o rot._n patent_n of_o the_o same_o year_n m._n 9_o the_o demi_a mark_n which_o be_v first_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n be_v call_v nova_n custuma_n and_o this_o be_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n say_v the_o book_n of_o 30._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 43._o 43._o again_o when_o the_o same_o king_n edw._n 1._o have_v by_o his_o writ_n only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n establish_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n etc._n etc._n in_o ireland_n in_o all_o the_o customer_n account_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o pipe-roll_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 1._o 1._o edw._n 2._o 2._o edw._n 3._o 3._o in_o that_o realm_n it_o be_v also_o call_v nova_n custuma_n which_o import_v as_o much_o as_o a_o new_a imposition_n for_o imposition_n be_v a_o new_a name_n and_o have_v be_v of_o use_n but_o of_o late_a year_n whereas_o every_o new_a charge_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v call_v nova_n custuma_n as_o the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n fleming_n observe_v in_o his_o argument_n in_o bates_n case_n of_o currant_n baron_n in_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n but_o because_o this_o custom_n of_o a_o demi_a mark_n be_v a_o reducement_n make_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o of_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n to_o that_o proportion_n which_o be_v then_o think_v reasonable_a as_o after_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o succeed_a prince_n it_o obtain_v in_o tract_n of_o time_n the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n this_o custom_n of_o demi_a mark_n be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n by_o parliament_n but_o reduce_v to_o that_o rate_n by_o the_o king_n by_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o commons_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o record_n of_o 3._o edw._n 1._o 1._o fin_fw-fr memb._n 24._o for_o albeit_o the_o charter_n for_o confirmation_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la make_v in_o 25_o edw._n 1._o do_v recite_v that_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o commonalty_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o act_n of_o p._n print_v or_o record_v wherein_o that_o grant_n of_o the_o commonalty_n do_v appear_v neither_o can_v it_o stand_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n that_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v a_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o cominalty_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o king_n will_v never_o have_v accept_v of_o such_o a_o grant_v as_o do_v diminish_v his_o revenue_n neither_o have_v it_o be_v thankworthy_a or_o acceptable_a and_o therefore_o the_o king_n have_v a_o negative_a voice_n will_v never_o have_v give_v his_o assent_n to_o such_o a_o grant_n in_o parliament_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o this_o diminution_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n and_o not_o by_o parliament_n and_o that_o by_o prayer_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o the_o record_n of_o 3_o edw._n 1._o rot._n fin_n memb._n 24._o 24._o testify_v the_o king_n be_v then_o well_o please_v for_o that_o time_n to_o draw_v down_o the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o that_o rate_n and_o the_o people_n do_v willing_o yield_v and_o consent_v to_o the_o payment_n thereof_o and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o true_a interpretation_n of_o the_o charter_n or_o statute_n make_v in_o 25_o edw._n 1._o 1._o and_o therefore_o because_o we_o find_v no_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o the_o people_n do_v original_o grant_v the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n to_o the_o king_n and_o because_o we_o find_v it_o be_v uncertain_a and_o subject_a to_o diminution_n and_o alteration_n we_o may_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n without_o any_o grant_n from_o the_o cominalty_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o can_v make_v no_o grant_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v absurd_a to_o affirm_v that_o the_o great_a and_o ancient_a custom_n impose_v upon_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v first_o grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n since_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o ever_o those_o commodity_n do_v pass_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o custom_n be_v equal_a in_o time_n with_o the_o first_o sceptre_n and_o since_o the_o sceptre_n be_v establish_v many_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o people_n be_v call_v to_o be_v in_o parliament_n beside_o the_o very_a name_n of_o custom_n do_v note_n and_o argue_v that_o it_o begin_v before_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v for_o that_o it_o signify_v a_o duty_n payable_a or_o accustomable_a to_o be_v pay_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n which_o in_o presumption_n of_o law_n be_v before_o any_o record_n wherefore_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o lord_n dyer_n 29._o book_n be_v good_a law_n viz._n the_o king_n have_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n in_o the_o custom_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n as_o be_v a_o prerogative_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o again_o 30_o hen_n 8._o 43._o 43._o custom_n be_v a_o inheritance_n in_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o give_v by_o any_o statute_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o ancient_a duty_n call_v prize_n take_v out_o of_o foreign_a good_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o the_o petty-customs_n of_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n be_v accept_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o in_o lieu_n of_o prize_n for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o england_n our_o king_n in_o ancient_a time_n do_v not_o take_v any_o rate_n or_o custom_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n but_o take_v such_o part_n of_o the_o several_a commodity_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la as_o they_o think_v fit_a for_o their_o proper_a use_n pay_v for_o that_o they_o take_v a_o price_n as_o themselves_o do_v likewise_o think_v fit_a and_o reasonable_a which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n price_n this_o prerogative_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n rex_fw-la non_fw-la recognoscens_fw-la superiorem_fw-la potest_fw-la è_fw-la india_n in_fw-la propria_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o also_o by_o the_o rule_n which_o be_v give_v 31_o edw._n 3._o 60._o 60._o where_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n have_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n thirty_o talent_n of_o beasant_n of_o gold_n because_o the_o quantity_n and_o value_n thereof_o be_v uncertain_a it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n shall_v set_v down_o of_o what_o quantity_n and_o value_n every_o talon_n shall_v be_v and_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pay_v according_o and_o by_o the_o same_o prerogative_n whensoever_o any_o subject_n be_v to_o pay_v a_o fine_a or_o ransom_n unto_o the_o king_n for_o a_o contempt_n the_o king_n himself_o do_v limit_v and_o set_v the_o fine_a or_o ransom_n at_o his_o own_o will_n or_o pleasure_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n thus_o take_v by_o the_o king_n in_o spain_n at_o his_o own_o price_n be_v call_v prize_n but_o because_o these_o prize_n be_v many_o time_n grievance_n to_o the_o merchant_n and_o bring_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o the_o king_n coffer_n that_o prudent_a prince_n edw._n 1._o by_o that_o famous_a charter_n call_v charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v in_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v remit_v unto_o all_o merchant_n stranger_n their_o prize_n and_o do_v grant_v quod_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la super_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la merchandizas_n vel_fw-la bona_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la vel_fw-la ministros_fw-la suos_fw-la nullos_fw-la nulla_fw-la appretiatio_fw-la vel_fw-la estimatio_fw-la apponeretur_fw-la and_o quod_fw-la nulla_fw-la prisa_fw-la vel_fw-la arrestatio_fw-la ratione_fw-la prisae_fw-la inde_fw-la fieret_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o charter_n do_v further_a recite_v that_o for_o the_o remission_n of_o these_o prize_n the_o merchant_n stranger_n do_v grant_v unto_o the_o king_n three_o penny_n upon_o the_o pound_n now_o call_v the_o petty-custom_n out_o of_o all_o foreign_a merchandize_n import_v except_o wine_n and_o for_o our_o native_a commodity_n export_v they_o will_v pay_v for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n four_o
penny_n and_o for_o every_o three_o hundred_o wool-fell_n six_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n and_o for_o every_o last_o of_o leather_n a_o demi_a mark_n over_o and_o above_o the_o duty_n payable_a by_o denizen_n for_o the_o same_o commodity_n which_o grant_v be_v make_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o every_o nation_n not_o be_v incorporate_v and_o make_v a_o body_n politic_a be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o of_o no_o force_n of_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n until_o the_o king_n charter_n make_v it_o good_a and_o maintain_v it_o until_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o parliament_n 27_o edw._n 3._o 3._o which_o be_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o charter_n upon_o the_o matter_n these_o duty_n payable_a by_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v only_o imposition_n raise_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n which_o charter_n be_v make_v in_o england_n be_v afterwards_o establish_v exemplify_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o transmit_v into_o ireland_n with_o a_o special_a writ_n direct_v to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o custom_n there_o to_o levy_v three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n mention_v in_o that_o charter_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n there_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o write_v only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n be_v levy_v and_o pay_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o ireland_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n call_v prizage_n and_o butlerage_n the_o most_o ancient_a custom_n payable_a for_o wine_n be_v prizage_n butlerage_n which_o be_v not_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n but_o two_o ton_n of_o wine_n in_fw-la specie_fw-la out_o of_o every_o ship_n freight_v with_o twenty_o tun_n the_o one_o to_o be_v take_v before_o the_o mast_n and_o the_o other_o behind_o the_o mast_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o price_n which_o the_o king_n himself_o do_v limit_v to_o pay_v be_v twenty_o shilling_n only_o for_o every_o tun_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a record_n of_o 52_o hen._n 3._o 3._o whereby_o we_o may_v conjecture_v what_o easy_a rate_v the_o king_n give_v for_o the_o prize_n of_o other_o merchandize_n this_o custom_n of_o prizage_n be_v mere_o a_o imposition_n for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o foreign_a nation_n be_v nobody_o politic_a as_o be_v before_o declare_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o our_o own_o merchant_n do_v ever_o grant_v it_o unto_o the_o crown_n this_o duty_n of_o prizage_n be_v remit_v unto_o the_o stranger_n by_o the_o charter_n of_o 31_o edw._n 1._o 1._o before_o mention_v and_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o king_n before_o mention_v receive_v two_o shilling_n for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v in_o by_o stranger_n which_o we_o now_o call_v butlerage_n but_o prizage_n be_v pay_v in_fw-la specie_fw-la by_o all_o our_o own_o merchant_n at_o this_o day_n the_o citizen_n of_o london_n only_o except_v who_o have_v remission_n of_o prizage_n by_o a_o special_a charge_n be_v charge_v with_o a_o new_a imposition_n call_v gage_n viz._n de_fw-fr quolibet_fw-la dolio_fw-la 1_o d._n de_fw-fr vinis_fw-la venientibus_fw-la london_n which_o be_v account_v foreign_a magno_fw-la rot._n an._n 1_o edw._n 1._o in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o pipe_n at_o westminster_n the_o last_o of_o these_o imposition_n which_o by_o the_o continuance_n have_v get_v the_o name_n of_o custom_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v three_o hundred_o year_n since_o and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v approve_v and_o be_v now_o maintain_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n as_o the_o lawful_a and_o ancient_a inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o ancient_a officer_n which_o our_o king_n have_v create_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o to_o collect_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o the_o same_o as_o our_o ancient_a king_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n without_o parliament_n have_v lay_v the_o custom_n or_o imposition_n before_o express_v upon_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n export_v and_o import_v so_o by_o the_o same_o prerogative_n have_v they_o ordain_v several_a sort_n of_o officer_n to_o search_v and_o oversee_v those_o merchandize_n on_o which_o they_o have_v lay_v those_o imposition_n namely_o the_o gauger_n gauger_n of_o wine_n a_o high_a officer_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o imposition_n of_o the_o gage_n itself_o before_o mention_v the_o alneger_n alneger_n of_o the_o clothes_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o clothes_n for_o there_o be_v a_o record_n of_o 14_o edw._n 2._o 2._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la which_o speak_v of_o the_o alneger_n the_o packer_n of_o wool_n the_o garbellor_n of_o spice_n beside_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o custom_n viz._n the_o customer_n controller_n and_o searcher_n searcher_n all_o which_o officer_n have_v ever_o take_v fee_n of_o merthant_n both_o denizen_n and_o alien_n not_o by_o grant_n of_o the_o merchant_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o several_a patent_n grant_v from_o the_o king_n chap._n xiv_o of_o other_o imposition_n beside_o the_o ancient_a custom_n before_o mention_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o several_a king_n and_o queen_n since_o the_o conquest_n some_o of_o which_o imposition_n have_v be_v discontinue_v or_o remit_v and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o pay_v at_o this_o day_n and_o first_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v by_o king_n edw._n 1._o over_o and_o beside_o the_o custom_n speak_v of_o before_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n that_o in_o 16_o edw._n 1._o a_o imposition_n of_o four_o shilling_n be_v lay_v upon_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n bring_v into_o england_n from_o certain_a town_n in_o gascogine_n and_o spain_n and_o at_o this_o day_n answer_v and_o count_v for_o duty_n for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n until_o the_o 26_o edw._n 1._o when_o it_o be_v remit_v but_o during_o the_o king_n pleasure_n only_o it_o appear_v likewise_o 25_o edw._n 1._o 1._o by_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o confirmation_n then_o make_v of_o the_o great_a charter_n that_o king_n edw._n 1._o have_v for_o divers_a year_n before_o set_v and_o lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n export_v which_o ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la communitatis_fw-la he_o be_v please_v to_o remit_v which_o remittal_n be_v of_o mere_a grace_n upon_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o after_o that_o imposition_n have_v be_v lay_v many_o year_n before_o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o this_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n be_v take_v and_o levy_v above_o twenty_o year_n together_o after_o the_o new_a imposition_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n which_o be_v set_v and_o establish_v for_o that_o begin_v in_o 3_o edw._n 1._o and_o this_o imposition_n of_o forty_o shilling_n continue_v till_o 25_o edw._n 1._o which_o be_v a_o strong_a argument_n that_o the_o first_o establishment_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n be_v not_o by_o a_o bind_a act_n of_o parliament_n with_o a_o negative_a voice_n that_o no_o other_o duty_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o those_o merchandize_n as_o be_v surmise_a but_o be_v only_o a_o mitigation_n or_o reducement_n of_o a_o great_a custom_n pay_v before_o which_o be_v do_v of_o mere_a grace_n upon_o some_o reason_n of_o state_n at_o that_o time_n chap._n xv_o of_o the_o imposition_n set_v and_o take_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v as_o well_o take_v the_o ancient_a as_o the_o new_a custom_n upon_o wool_n wooll-sell_n and_o leather_n which_o ancient_a custom_n must_v needs_o be_v intend_v a_o ancient_a imposition_n over_o and_o beside_o the_o demi_a mark_n which_o be_v then_o call_v the_o new_a custom_n and_o this_o appear_v by_o a_o record_n in_o the_o tower_n 3_o ed._n 2._o 2._o claus._n memb._n 16._o where_o the_o king_n direct_v his_o writ_n collectoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la tam_fw-la antiquae_fw-la quam_fw-la novae_fw-la customae_fw-la lanarum_fw-la pellium_fw-la et_fw-la corriorum_fw-la and_o require_v they_o to_o pay_v certain_a debt_n of_o his_o father_n king_n edward_n 1._o out_o of_o their_o old_a and_o new_a custom_n and_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n pro_fw-la damnis_fw-la occasione_fw-la retardationis_fw-la solutionis_fw-la debitis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o howbeit_o afterwards_o he_o be_v a_o weak_a prince_n and_o misguide_a by_o ill_a counsel_n and_o overruled_a by_o his_o unruly_a baron_n be_v drive_v first_o to_o suspend_v the_o payment_n of_o his_o custom_n of_o three_o penny_n the_o pound_n and_o other_o duty_n contain_v
a_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o sheriff_n in_o every_o county_n there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v 28_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 7._o that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v sheriff_n two_o year_n together_o and_o that_o no_o commission_n shall_v be_v grant_v or_o renew_v for_o the_o year_n follow_v to_o he_o that_o have_v be_v sheriff_n the_o year_n before_o be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n bind_v by_o this_o statute_n when_o he_o grant_v the_o sheriffwick_n of_o northumberland_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n during_o his_o life_n with_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la of_o that_o statute_n 2_o hen._n 7._o fol._n 6._o again_o the_o king_n have_v no_o ancient_a and_o absolute_a power_n to_o grant_v dispensation_n for_o hold_v ecclesiastical_a benefice_n in_fw-la commendum_fw-la there_o be_v a_o statute_n make_v 7_o edw._n 3._o in_o ireland_n whereby_o it_o be_v enact_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o king_n dispensation_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v be_v utter_o void_a if_o it_o be_v not_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v this_o statute_n so_o derogate_v from_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o so_o restrain_v it_o that_o he_o may_v not_o only_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n grant_v commendamus_fw-la before_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o hen._n 8._o in_o this_o realm_n assure_o the_o king_n dispensation_n non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o statute_n will_v have_v take_v away_o the_o force_n thereof_o as_o if_o no_o such_o law_n have_v ever_o be_v make_v there_o be_v many_o other_o case_n of_o like_a nature_n which_o i_o omit_v as_o for_o the_o particular_a statute_n before_o recite_v the_o word_n thereof_o be_v too_o general_a to_o bind_v or_o restrain_v this_o prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n first_o that_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la do_v give_v safe_a conduct_n to_o all_o merchant_n to_o come_v and_o go_v and_o to_o tarry_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o buy_v and_o sell_v their_o merchandize_n sine_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-la per_fw-la antiqnas_fw-la and_o rect_fw-la as_o consuetudines_fw-la how_o do_v these_o general_a word_n restrain_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o ancient_a common_a law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v warrant_n and_o approve_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o before_o i_o have_v full_o and_o clear_o prove_v than_o a_o reasonable_a imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n be_v antiqua_fw-la et_fw-la recta_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la warrant_v and_o approve_v by_o the_o great_a charter_n second_o albeit_o king_n edw._n 1._o by_o act_n or_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v in_o anno_fw-la 25._o of_o his_o reign_n do_v release_v the_o maletolt_n of_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v take_v no_o such_o thing_n without_o the_o assent_n and_o good_a will_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o word_n such_o do_v not_o absolute_o bind_v the_o king_n prerog._n that_o he_o shall_v lay_v no_o imposition_n at_o all_o for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v intend_v such_o in_o quantity_n such_o in_o excess_n for_o foury_a shilling_n at_o that_o time_n be_v as_o much_o as_o six_o pound_n at_o this_o day_n which_o the_o scarcity_n of_o money_n in_o those_o day_n be_v consider_v and_o compare_v with_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n at_o this_o day_n may_v then_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o great_a burden_n and_o yet_o this_o strong_a band_n do_v not_o bind_v k._n ed._n 3._o his_o grandchild_n but_o that_o notwithstanding_o this_o charter_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n he_o take_v these_o thing_n in_o great_a quantity_n sometime_o forty_o shilling_n sometime_o fifty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n when_o the_o philistine_n come_v upon_o he_o that_o be_v when_o the_o war_n of_o france_n and_o other_o urgent_a occasion_n do_v press_v he_o to_o it_o as_o to_o the_o other_o article_n contain_v in_o the_o act_n or_o charter_n of_o 25_o edw._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o people_n do_v fear_v lest_o the_o aid_n and_o tax_n grant_v of_o their_o good_a will_n to_o the_o king_n may_v turn_v to_o a_o bondage_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n when_o the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v shall_v be_v find_v in_o the_o roll_n and_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n that_o he_o will_v not_o draw_v such_o aid_n and_o tax_n into_o a_o custom_n that_o act_n in_o this_o point_n restrain_v not_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n for_o it_o speak_v only_o of_o aid_n and_o tax_n willing_o grant_v by_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o i_o marvel_v that_o this_o article_n be_v ever_o object_v or_o use_v as_o a_o argument_n against_o imposition_n and_o whereas_o the_o king_n do_v grant_v that_o such_o aid_n shall_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o custom_n such_o word_n be_v usual_a in_o the_o preamble_n of_o act_n of_o subsidy_n where_o the_o grant_n be_v large_a and_o extraordinary_a viz._n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v draw_v into_o a_o example_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v a_o precedent_n in_o future_a time_n and_o yet_o succeed_a parliament_n have_v not_o forbear_v to_o grant_v as_o large_a subsidy_n as_o former_o be_v grant_v three_o the_o statute_n of_o 14_o edw._n 3._o cap._n 12._o do_v rather_o maintain_v the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o this_o case_n than_o any_o way_n impugn_v or_o impeach_v it_o for_o by_o that_o law_n free_a passage_n be_v grant_v to_o all_o merchant_n pay_v the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o profit_n thereof_o reasonable_o due_a now_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o all_o duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n for_o merchandize_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n only_o custom_n which_o be_v these_o ancient_a and_o certain_a duty_n wherein_o the_o crown_n have_v no_o inheritance_n as_o be_v before_o express_v subsidy_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o imposition_n which_o be_v raise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n only_o we_o find_v not_o a_o four_o kind_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n profit_n must_v needs_o be_v take_v for_o imposition_n four_o the_o statue_n of_o 11_o rich._n 2._o cap._n 9_o though_o it_o provide_v in_o express_a term_n that_o no_o imposition_n or_o charge_n be_v lay_v upon_o wool_n wool-fell_n or_o leather_n other_o than_o the_o custom_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v in_o that_o parliament_n yet_o it_o save_v always_o to_o the_o king_n his_o ancient_a right_n this_o be_v as_o turbulent_a a_o parliament_n as_o ever_o be_v hold_v in_o england_n and_o yet_o be_v the_o king_n right_o acknowledge_v though_o the_o unruly_a lord_n and_o commons_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n force_v his_o assent_n to_o limit_v his_o prerogative_n at_o that_o time_n last_o if_o these_o act_n have_v absolute_o bind_v the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o have_v be_v observe_v literal_o and_o punctual_o until_o this_o time_n the_o king_n shall_v only_o have_v have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o demy_a mark_n for_o our_o own_o staple_n ware_n and_o perhaps_o the_o three_o penny_n custom_n for_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o no_o more_o what_o a_o inconvenience_n what_o a_o absurdity_n have_v this_o be_v at_o this_o day_n when_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v raise_v their_o custom_n to_o a_o exceed_a height_n when_o as_o i_o have_v note_v before_o the_o necessary_a expense_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v so_o much_o increase_v when_o the_o prize_n of_o all_o commodity_n be_v so_o much_o enhance_v when_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n when_o the_o king_n revenue_n within_o the_o land_n be_v so_o much_o improve_v be_v it_o fit_a that_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n shall_v stand_v at_o a_o stay_n and_o keep_v the_o old_a rate_n without_o augmentation_n chap._n xxx_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n be_v never_o take_v but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n first_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n 5._o be_v never_o take_v by_o any_o king_n of_o england_n but_o when_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n say_v they_o that_o the_o king_n can_v never_o take_v those_o duty_n but_o by_o his_o absolute_a power_n for_o if_o his_o prerogative_n can_v have_v impose_v those_o rate_n of_o itself_o what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n why_o shall_v the_o king_n have_v expect_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o commons_o cum_fw-la dominus_fw-la eis_fw-la opus_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o when_o the_o exchequer_n be_v so_o empty_a as_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v lay_v to_o pawn_v by_o some_o of_o those_o king_n who_o be_v glad_a
in_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la during_o pleasure_n only_o as_o appear_v by_o his_o writ_n of_o supersedeas_fw-la direct_v to_o the_o collector_n of_o his_o custom_n 3_o e._n 2._o claus._n memb._n 16._o and_o after_o that_o by_o a_o ordinance_n make_v 5_o edw._n 2._o utter_o to_o repeal_v that_o charter_n and_o to_o abloish_v all_o other_o imposition_n raise_v or_o levy_v since_o the_o coronation_n of_o his_o father_n ed._n 1._o except_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o demi_a mark_n notwithstanding_o after_o that_o again_o anno_fw-la 11._o of_o his_o reign_n when_o he_o want_v money_n for_o his_o expedition_n into_o scotland_n 2._o exquirentes_fw-la vias_fw-la say_v he_o in_o his_o writ_n to_o the_o collector_n of_o his_o custom_n at_o london_n custom_n rot._n fin_n memb._n 12._o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la quibus_fw-la possemus_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la habere_fw-la commodius_fw-la et_fw-la decentius_fw-la tandem_fw-la de_fw-la consilio_fw-la et_fw-la advisamento_fw-la quorundam_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la inveniemus_fw-la subscriptum_fw-la which_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v receive_v by_o way_n of_o loan_n forsooth_o which_o never_o be_v repay_v a_o great_a increase_n of_o custom_n upon_o all_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v for_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o write_v that_o praeter_fw-la incrementum_fw-la de_fw-la lanis_fw-la coriis_fw-la et_fw-la pellibus_fw-la lanutis_fw-la which_o be_v a_o three_o part_n more_o than_o the_o demi_a mark_n viz._n twenty_o shilling_n for_o every_o noble_a the_o king_n be_v to_o receive_v for_o every_o colour_a cloth_n worth_a three_o pound_n sterling_a a_o noble_a for_o every_o other_o cloth_n worth_a forty_o shilling_n four_o shilling_n for_o every_o piece_n of_o scarlet_a a_o mark_n for_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n five_o shilling_n for_o all_o foreign_a commodity_n call_v averdepois_n two_o shilling_n the_o pound_n custom_n all_o which_o sum_n of_o money_n he_o command_v the_o collector_n of_o his_o custom_n to_o collect_v to_o his_o use_n upon_o their_o merchandize_n which_o levy_n or_o collection_n though_o it_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o loan_n be_v not_o make_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n nor_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a cominalty_n but_o take_v up_o by_o the_o king_n write_v only_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o imposition_n lay_v and_o levy_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o king_n edward_n 3._o king_n edward_n the_o three_o reign_v a_o full_a jubilee_n of_o year_n for_o he_o die_v in_o the_o fifty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o during_o all_o this_o time_n as_o there_o lie_v upon_o he_o a_o continual_a charge_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o his_o war_n so_o be_v he_o continual_o supply_v with_o his_o custom_n and_o imposition_n which_o he_o have_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n whereof_o he_o be_v so_o great_a a_o husband_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o good_a husbandry_n spend_v such_o huge_a sum_n of_o money_n as_o there_o go_v a_o report_n in_o those_o day_n that_o raimundus_n lullius_n lullius_n the_o famous_a alchemist_n do_v make_v that_o elixir_n for_o he_o whereas_o his_o improve_n of_o those_o duty_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o merchandize_n be_v the_o true_a philosopher_n stone_n which_o do_v enrich_v he_o and_o enable_v he_o to_o spend_v so_o many_o million_o in_o his_o war_n in_o france_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n by_o his_o wit_n only_o without_o act_n of_o parliament_n he_o give_v new_a life_n to_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v by_o edw._n 1._o and_o repeal_v by_o edw._n 2._o or_o rather_o by_o unruly_a baron_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o writ_n be_v that_o the_o custom_n and_o duty_n payable_a by_o the_o charter_n praetextu_fw-la ordinationum_fw-la per_fw-la quosdam_fw-la magnates_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la factos_fw-la ad_fw-la tempus_fw-la aliquod_fw-la cessarunt_fw-la and_o jam_fw-la adnullatis_fw-la dictis_fw-la ordinationibus_fw-la colligi_fw-la debent_fw-la et_fw-la levari_fw-la sicut_fw-la tempore_fw-la dicti_fw-la avi_fw-la nostri_fw-la etc._n etc._n 1_o edw._n 1._o 1._o rot._n fin_n memb._n 39_o in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la turris_fw-la afterwards_o the_o record_n of_o this_o king_n time_n do_v plentiful_o declare_v that_o he_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v many_o great_a imposition_n and_o raise_v extraordinary_a profit_n upon_o merchandize_n though_o not_o always_o after_o one_o manner_n yet_o all_o the_o mean_n he_o use_v may_v be_v reduce_v unto_o three_o kind_n sometime_o he_o do_v impose_v certain_a rate_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n with_o a_o ratable_a proportion_n upon_o other_o commodity_n for_o levy_v whereof_o he_o only_o send_v out_o his_o writ_n to_o the_o collector_n of_o his_o custom_n in_o every_o port_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o imposition_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o imposition_n now_o in_o question_n be_v more_o usual_a and_o frequent_a than_o any_o other_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n as_o appear_v by_o sundry_a record_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n 17_o e._n 3._o rot._n 308._o in_o sccio_n angliae_fw-la etc._o 21_o e._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 11._o in_o arch._n turris_fw-la 24_o e._n 3._o rot._n 12._o sccio_fw-mi angliae_fw-la 25_o e._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n 11_o 22._o in_o arch._n turris_fw-la 27_o e._n 3_o rot._n 7._o in_o sccio_n angliae_fw-la 30_o e._n 3._o rot._n 10._o sccio_fw-mi angliae_fw-la 38_o e._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 26._o in_o arch._n turris_fw-la 40_o e._n 3._o rot._n 7._o sccio_fw-mi angliae_fw-la 50_o e._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 163._o in_o arch._n turris_fw-la at_o other_o time_n he_o send_v out_o commission_n to_o take_v up_o great_a quantity_n of_o wool_n and_o other_o commodity_n at_o a_o low_a price_n set_v by_o himself_o and_o transport_v the_o same_o beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o he_o make_v the_o best_a profit_n thereof_o for_o payment_n of_o the_o wage_n of_o his_o army_n there_o as_o appear_v by_o a_o special_a record_n in_o the_o tower_n 12_o e._n 3._o rot._n almaniae_fw-la pars_fw-la 1._o numb._n 3._o in_fw-la dorso_fw-la 3._o these_o take_a prize_n of_o english_a merchandize_n be_v the_o first_o i_o find_v in_o any_o record_n for_o the_o king_n provision_n of_o household_n be_v of_o another_o nature_n but_o the_o king_n take_v these_o wool_n in_o point_n of_o prerogative_n as_o his_o predecessor_n be_v wont_a to_o take_v prize_n of_o all_o foreign_a commodity_n until_o king_n e._n 1._o do_v remit_v all_o prize_n to_o merchant_n stranger_n by_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la as_o be_v before_o express_v and_o also_o such_o of_o english_a merchant_n as_o will_v pay_v the_o custom_n restrain_v by_o that_o charter_n be_v offer_v the_o like_a immunition_n from_o prize_n 31_o ed._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 24._o 24._o but_o our_o english_a merchant_n refuse_v the_o benefit_n of_o that_o charter_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n it_o seem_v be_v at_o liberty_n to_o take_v prize_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o stranger_n the_o king_n do_v many_o time_n shut_v up_o all_o the_o port_n and_o stop_v all_o trade_n and_o then_o grant_v licence_n to_o all_o particular_a person_n to_o transport_v wool_n and_o other_o commodity_n for_o which_o licence_n he_o take_v forty_o shilling_n sometime_o fifty_o shilling_n for_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o the_o like_a rate_n for_o other_o merchandize_n and_o this_o be_v manifest_a by_o these_o record_n 13_o ed._n 3._o 1._o rot._n 2._o in_o sccio_n angliae_fw-la 14_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n in_o arch._n turris_n thus_o do_v this_o warlike_a and_o politic_a prince_n king_n edw._n 3._o by_o his_o prerogative_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n lay_v sundry_a imposition_n and_o charge_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandize_n and_o although_o upon_o petition_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o parliament_n when_o they_o grant_v he_o other_o aid_n and_o subsidy_n of_o great_a value_n than_o these_o his_o imposition_n he_o do_v many_o time_n remit_v and_o release_v those_o imposition_n yet_o do_v he_o oftentimes_o renew_v the_o same_o or_o impose_v the_o like_a again_o when_o the_o aid_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v in_o recompense_n be_v spend_v as_o shall_v be_v show_v more_o particular_o when_o i_o come_v to_o answer_v the_o objection_n which_o have_v be_v against_o his_o majesty_n rightful_a prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o profit_n raise_v unto_o the_o crown_n out_o of_o merchandize_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o several_a king_n who_o succeed_v k._n edw._n 3._o until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n true_a it_o be_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o prince_n we_o find_v no_o imposition_n direct_o set_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o their_o absolute_a power_n or_o prerogative_n but_o they_o do_v not_o forbear_v to_o lay_v imposition_n direct_o for_o that_o
with_o foreign_a state_n and_o prince_n and_o so_o continual_o corrupt_v all_o course_n of_o merchandize_n ergo_fw-la he_o shall_v lose_v his_o prerogative_n of_o make_v war_n or_o peace_n when_o himself_o in_o wisdom_n shall_v think_v fit_a so_o to_o do_v the_o king_n may_v decry_v all_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o bullion_n and_o establish_v a_o standard_n of_o copper_n or_o leather_n therefore_o he_o shall_v coin_v no_o money_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n the_o king_n may_v if_o he_o please_v break_v up_o all_o the_o prison_n pardon_v all_o offender_n and_o so_o give_v impunity_n to_o all_o offender_n ergo_o he_o shall_v pardon_v no_o malefactor_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n these_o be_v find_v absurd_a or_o rather_o wicked_a conclusion_n à _fw-la posse_fw-la adesse_fw-la be_v a_o absurd_a argument_n but_o à _fw-la posse_fw-la et_fw-la nolle_fw-la nobile_fw-la est_fw-la the_o law_n presume_v the_o king_n to_o be_v so_o noble_a and_o so_o wise_a that_o all_o act_n do_v by_o he_o or_o in_o his_o name_n during_o his_o infancy_n be_v of_o as_o good_a force_n in_o law_n as_o if_o the_o law_n have_v be_v do_v in_o his_o ripe_a year_n the_o law_n presume_v the_o king_n to_o be_v most_o just_a in_o all_o his_o action_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v these_o rule_n the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o wrong_n the_o king_n can_v commit_v no_o disseisin_n the_o king_n can_v make_v no_o discontinuance_n and_o the_o like_a cor_fw-la regis_fw-la in_fw-la manu_fw-la domini_fw-la say_v solomon_n solomon_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o god_n will_v ever_o direct_v he_o to_o that_o which_o be_v just_a be_v it_o not_o then_o too_o much_o curiosity_n to_o instruct_v where_o the_o law_n trust_v and_o too_o much_o presumption_n to_o presume_v against_o the_o presumption_n of_o the_o law_n especial_o in_o the_o time_n of_o such_o a_o king_n who_o be_v the_o wise_a and_o just_a the_o most_o religious_a and_o most_o gracious_a king_n that_o ever_o reign_v in_o europe_n can_v any_o man_n imagine_v that_o so_o great_a a_o master_n in_o the_o art_n of_o government_n the_o most_o prudent_a king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n the_o two_o great_a island_n in_o this_o hemisphere_n and_o seat_v most_o commodious_o for_o traffic_n which_o all_o the_o world_n know_v that_o the_o duty_n pay_v unto_o he_o for_o merchandize_n be_v the_o most_o certain_a settle_a and_o assure_v and_o withal_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o his_o revenue_n at_o this_o day_n will_v lay_v heavy_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n than_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v and_o so_o destroy_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n when_o king_n hen._n 7._o 7._o he_o most_o prudent_a predecessor_n do_v lend_v money_n to_o his_o merchant_n to_o maintain_v traffic_n will_v he_o for_o a_o little_a extraordinary_a profit_n for_o the_o time_n present_a pluck_v up_o at_o once_o the_o root_n and_o dry_v up_o the_o fountain_n of_o this_o revenue_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v it_o be_v unprobable_a it_o be_v uncredible_a it_o be_v impossible_a but_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v credible_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v lay_v such_o heavy_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o all_o merchant_n shall_v refuse_v to_o traffic_n who_o shall_v lose_v most_o by_o that_o the_o king_n or_o his_o people_n assure_o he_o shall_v suffer_v a_o exceed_a great_a loss_n in_o his_o custom_n but_o we_o that_o be_v of_o the_o commons_o shall_v save_v by_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n within_o the_o land_n which_o be_v terra_fw-la suis_fw-la content_fw-la a_fw-la bonis_fw-la poeta_fw-la non_fw-la indiga_fw-la mercis_fw-la we_o shall_v spare_v these_o vain_a expense_n which_o we_o now_o make_v upon_o foreign_a commodity_n namely_o cloth_n of_o gold_n cloth_n of_o silver_n silk_n spice_n wine_n and_o many_o other_o superfluous_a and_o unnecessary_a thing_n which_o do_v nourish_v pride_n and_o luxury_n riot_n and_o excess_n among_o we_o which_o corrupt_v our_o manner_n and_o in_o the_o end_n will_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n i_o may_v therefore_o conclude_v this_o point_n that_o since_o the_o king_n have_v power_n by_o his_o prerogative_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n he_o have_v also_o a_o power_n coincident_a thereunto_o to_o limit_v and_o rate_v the_o proportion_n and_o quantity_n thereof_o according_a to_o his_o own_o wisdom_n and_o reason_n of_o state_n from_o time_n to_o time_n for_o either_o the_o king_n must_v set_v down_o the_o rate_n or_o the_o people_n or_o the_o king_n and_o people_n both_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o if_o the_o people_n will_v not_o assent_v or_o agree_v to_o a_o reasonable_a limitation_n thereof_o in_o parliament_n shall_v the_o king_n lose_v those_o royal_a duty_n which_o all_o other_o king_n do_v take_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o prerogative_n it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a absurd_a and_o unjust_a chap._n xxvi_o the_o three_o objection_n touch_v the_o repeal_n of_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la by_o king_n edw._n 2._o and_o the_o remittal_n of_o divers_a imposition_n by_o king_n edw._n 3._o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o divers_a person_n in_o parliament_n for_o procurtng_a imposition_n to_o be_v set_v up_o three_o it_o be_v object_v 3._o that_o this_o prerogative_n of_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n have_v never_o at_o any_o time_n be_v set_v a_o foot_n and_o use_v by_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n progenitor_n but_o it_o have_v be_v contradict_v and_o upon_o petition_n of_o the_o people_n such_o imposition_n have_v be_v suspend_v remit_v and_o abolish_v first_o king_n edw._n 1._o say_v they_o in_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v by_o his_o charter_n call_v mercatoria_fw-la speak_v of_o before_o lay_v the_o imposition_n of_o three_o penny_n in_o the_o pound_n now_o call_v the_o petty-custom_n with_o a_o increase_n of_o other_o duty_n upon_o merchandize_n import_v by_o stranger_n howbeit_o this_o imposition_n stand_v not_o above_o seven_o year_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o charter_n but_o it_o be_v discontinue_v and_o quite_o take_v way_n for_o in_o 3_o edw._n 2._o the_o charter_n itself_o be_v suspend_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n 3_o edw._n 2._o 2_o claus._n m_o 23._o in_o arch._n turris_n and_o 5_o edw._n 2._o 2._o it_o be_v utter_o repeal_v by_o a_o solemn_a ordinance_n of_o state_n rot._n ordina_fw-la 5_o edw._n 2._o in_o arch._n turris_n second_o king_n edw._n 3._o do_v at_o sundry_a time_n during_o his_o reign_n lay_v several_a imposition_n upon_o wool_n and_o other_o staple_n commodity_n sometime_o forty_o shilling_n sometime_o fifty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n and_o other_o the_o like_a rate_n upon_o merchandize_n yet_o can_v be_v never_o fix_v nor_o settle_v the_o same_o upon_o his_o subject_n for_o upon_o sundry_a petition_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n who_o find_v themselves_o grieve_v therewith_o these_o imposition_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n remit_v 13_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n in_o arch._n turris_n 14_o edw._n 3._o 3._o cap._n 21._o 17_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 12._o 12_o ed._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 11._o again_o the_o same_o king_n many_o time_n do_v shut_v up_o all_o the_o port_n and_o thereby_o restrain_v the_o exportation_n of_o merchandize_n then_o will_v he_o take_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o grant_v licence_n to_o transport_v which_o prove_v as_o great_a a_o charge_n as_o imposition_n and_o yet_o upon_o sundry_a complaint_n of_o the_o people_n in_o parliament_n the_o sea_n be_v set_v open_a and_o liberty_n of_o trade_n permit_v again_o stat._n 18_o edw._n 3._o 3._o cap._n 3._o 22_o edw._n 3._o 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 8._o in_o arch._n turris_n 13_o edw._n 3._o 3._o in_o sccio_n angliae_fw-la rot._n 12._o 13_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 5._o in_o arch._n turris_n last_o in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n divers_a person_n be_v accuse_v and_o punish_v in_o parliament_n for_o procure_v new_a imposition_n to_o be_v set_v upon_o merchandize_n namely_o the_o lord_n latimer_n latimer_n who_o albeit_o he_o be_v a_o noble_a man_n and_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n yet_o be_v he_o fine_v commit_v to_o the_o mashalsee_n and_o put_v out_o of_o the_o council_n 50_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n nu_fw-la 34_o in_o arch._n turris_n richard_n lion_n lion_n likewise_o a_o citizen_n of_o london_n and_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n a_o instrument_n of_o the_o l._n latimer_n in_o raise_v the_o new_a imposition_n be_v fine_v ransom_v and_o imprison_v and_o put_v from_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o city_n 50_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 17._o in_o arch._n turris_n and_o one_o john_n peachy_n peachy_n who_o have_v get_v a_o monopoly_n of_o