Selected quad for the lemma: duty_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
duty_n	good_a	know_v	see_v	1,978	5	3.1860	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28175	A light to the art of gunnery wherein is laid down the true weight of powder, both for proof and action, of all sorts of great ordnance : also the true ball and allowance for wind, with the most necessary conclusions for the practice of gunnery, either in sea or land-service : likewise the ingredients and making of most necessary fire-works, as also many compositions for the gunner's practice, both at sea and land / by Capt. Thomas Binning ...	Binning, Thomas.	1676 (1676)	Wing B2934A; ESTC R4473	112,096	190

the Chamber must be Sometimes order may be given to blow the Rubbish into the Fort besieged or it may be out into the Moat or Ditch either which may be done by making the side thinner which they would break to than the other And our Experience is sufficient proof of this either in Cannon or Musquet for if you load a Peece of Ordnance that there be a greater weight put after the Powder than in reason give fire to the Touch-hole and you will find that Peece fly out either at Side or Breech The proportion of Chambers are as various as the Wall or Rampart which they are to deface therefore can have no dimension but they must be made so large as to contain Powder sufficient Some would prescribe Rules for a Barrel of Powder to blow up a Rod of Earth but the Earth being of various ponderosity and some so much stronger bound than others that I suppose they must use rather more than less Pouder yet the Chamber would not be made larger than to contain the quantity of Powder ordained to open that Breach When an Enemy hath besieged a Place Citadel Fort Castle or other Fortification and hath approached to Batteries certainly it behoves the Besieged to look about them and to do their utmost endeavour to hinder the Enemy The Defence against these Approaches is to strive to make some Contre-Approaches which may be done by stoutly sallying out but withal to sally out with discretion for fear of losing Men which is to be expected but no Dondass for Governour who would neither permit sally nor great Gun or Musquet to be fired against the Enemy by which sallying the least offence you do the Enemy is to hinder the progress of their Approaches for if they be beat back and constrained to fly into their Works for so long as the Alarm endureth they cannot advance their Work nor begin again to work till the Besieged be retreated Likewise this manner of Defence may be made by Cannon which may play from all places upon the Workers of the Approaches to do them what harm imaginable which may put the Workmen in fear by seeing their Fellows miserably slain by the * By firing six Cannon together over the Mine at Edinburgh Castle it fell in Cannon which may be a means to make them leave working till there be Batteries made against the Besieged The Contre-Approaches by which you resist an Enemy that they may not become Masters of your Outworks or Contre-scarf with their Approaches These Contre-Approaches to hinder the Enemy in their approach are made by casting up some † By the Traverse I came to the Hole Traverses as I did at the Castle of Edinburgh against the Approaches of that Rebellious Army running them so as to find the Enemies Mines These Lines of this Traverse must be cast up toward the Enemy but left open to the Besieged or Garison because by them they must be defended This Traverse must be so made that it give no advantage to the Enemy if they take them in and be sure they may be flanked both with Cannon and Musquet from the Fort or Garison So that as there is an Offensive War there is also a Defensive War as doth appear by Mines for the Besieged having discovered them and got into them may lawfully kill the Miners Now when the Besieged have found the Mine out it is to be known how they may make the way clear before them and either kill the Miners or make them fly without having the least harm After the causing a Hole fall in their Mine near to my Traverse I prepared a Powder-Barrel with old Rope-yarn Mens Dung dry about the Walls Powder-Meal'd Brimstone and Verdigrease with Camphire all which being mixed together I caused to be put in the Mine which made * Then Governor of Edinburgh Overton and all flie So we entred peaceably and brought thereout their Working Tools without any harm For the Gunners further knowledg that is yet in his Minority this Work is begun with Decimal Arithmetick which is very useful in the Art of Gunnery the Working and Extracting of the Square and Cube Roots as also some Definitions and Problems of Geometry by which the Gunner may the better make use of his Compasses for which he will have several needful uses for the whole Matter I know little in this Book that may be wanting in a Gunner that may be called a sufficient Gunner In fine know that I shall be glad that every Gunner may profit by it and I wish that some may amend it However know that I intend this for your profit and the publick Good for if I had not seen need I would never have taken the pains nor been at the Charges but understand me right no Pains can exceed the Duty we owe to our King and Native Country So wishing every good Subject to employ the Talent he hath received of God to the Honour of his King and Good of his fellow Subjects Committing the Book to thee and thee to God Almighty desiring that if thou hast occasion to learn any Gunnery needful at present thou wouldst enquire for Robert Webster at the Six Stars at Wapping who will teach any thing needful for the young Gunner I remain thine to serve thee THOMAS BINNING Decimal Arithmetick CHAP. I. Definitions A Fraction or broken Number is a Number less than an Unite or One and according to the common way of Fractions is expressed by two Numbers set one over the other with a small line thus ¾ the upper Number is called the Numerator and the lower the Denominator The Denominator sheweth into how many parts the Unite or Whole of any thing is to be divided The Numerator sheweth how many of these parts are signified by the Fraction A Decimal Number is that which is expressed by an Unite with a Cipher or Ciphers as 10 100 1000 10000 100000 c. A Decimal Fraction is that whose Denominator is a Decimal Number as 3 10 46 100 728 1000 2342 10000 57689 100000 c. Decimal Fractions whether they stand alone or be joined with Integers have always a Comma or a small Rectangular Line before them to distinguish them from Integers which is therefore called a Separating Line as ⌊ 4 ⌊ 36 ⌊ 348 4 ⌊ 2 490 ⌊ 086 c. As in Integers the Value or Denomination of Places do increase by Tens from the Unite place towards the left hand So in Decimals the Value or Denomination of places do decrease by Tens from the Unite place towards the right hand As in the Table following The Table 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Thousand Millions Hundred Millions Ten Millions Millions Hundred Thousands Ten Thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Vnits Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Ten Thousandths Hundred Thousandths Millionths Ten Millionths Hundred Millionths Thousand Millionths In Decimal Fractions the Numerators are only set down without the

Gunnery Not craving therefore Gold or other fee. I do conclude the like hath not been Wrot In any Language till now by a Scot. Tho. Orquart ERRATA PAge 28 in the Quadrant and Scale after 60 read 70. Page 96 line 3 for an read and. Page 136 line 34 for ●● 1● read 23 ●4 parts Ditto Line 35 for 19 18 read 17 18 parts And the other for 20 19 read 21 22 parts AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GUNNER For his better Understanding THere are many who do intrude and also that have obtained the preferment to be Gunners either of Garisons or Ships who never understood any the meanest or least Article as I may say in the Gunners A B C. I speak not this to discourage any from ingaging in the employment of a Gunner But I am sure except he be qualified with the Principles and Ground-Rules of Gunnery he cannot be worthy of the place And yet there is more than Art or Action to be obtained ere they begin For which cause I will here begin with those Qualifications that a Man professing and dignified with the trust of a Gunners place ought to have 1. That he be one that feareth God more than his Enemy 2. That he be educated and expert in his Profession for Experience confirmeth some say teacheth Art 3. That he be Constant and not given to change 4. That he be Faithful True and Honest The Reason wherefore my first Discourse is of Gunners is only because many times it falleth out that most Men employed for Gunners are very negligent of the fear of God Many Examples of this nature might be alledged and produced from the sad experience of preceding times But I thought good to intimate only this one for the terrifying of all Godless and the confirming all Godly Gunners Which Example I had from Seyger van Reghterne General of the Land of Overyssel in his Diurnal from Amsterdam to East-India the which Diurnal begun on the 8th day of December in the year 1628 from Texel and ended there at his return the 12th of July 1633. In the 38th Folio of that Book he saith That in the year of our Lord 1631 in the Month of April There was on the Island Nero a Gunner whose Name was Cornelius Slime but a very godless and prophane Man who at no time could speak but he would be Cursing or Swearing and when any would ask him what was his hopes after this Life were ended his Answer was It may be to Heaven or it may be to Hell but said he if I do go to Hell there I will sell Tobacco and Brandy and that would be good Medicine for the Devils But one day this Cornelius Slime in presence of my Author and many more being Cursing and Swearing and many times giving himself to the Devil In the mean time in presence of all those People the Devil lift him up in the Air and let him fall to the Ground with a great noise but the second time being taken up by the Devil he was carried where never Man living could find him From the like the Lord deliver us all But if Experience had not taught me both in this Country and others what the lives of many Gunners are I would have said nothing of it here Now for the Education of Gunners in their Profession it was manifest that there were not any of the Gunners imployed by the Officers of the Army in our King's and Countries Service all the while his Majesty was in Scotland which were capable of their Duty or knew any thing of Art and it was no wonder to see our common Gunners so slothful to at attain to perfection in Art because if there had been a Man able in his Profession our Officers of Artillery would not employ him lest he should see and so reveal their own Insufficiency Likewise they needed not care what their Abilities were for those that had charge over them durst not put them to examination for fear their own insufficiency should be openly known but if they were able to put them to it we might expect to be better Masters of this Art when now we are scarce good Scholars Likewise when there were Able Men in the Country they could have no Employment and for fear they should be employed there was one Calumnie or another raised to their prejudice either he is proud or a Malignant which was in effect he was a true Subject and therefore not to be employed and any of these two Names were enough to keep him from employment or if he was in Service to cause him to be Cashiered as the Case then stood But to encourage Ingenious Spirits to study Art and to practise the same Remark what is said of the Emperor Domitian That he was so skilful in shooting that let a Boy a good distance off hold up his Hand and stretch forth his Fingers and he would shoot through betwixt his Fingers with an Arrow and not touch the Boy Now I am sure that although the like may not be done with any great Piece of Ordinance yet I have seen one who shooting with a great Peece within Point Blank of the same Peece after Observation and Tryal of that Peece would shoot within a hand-breadth of any Mark yea set a Drinking-Cup on the end of a Pike he would take it with a Ball. And because I have been both at Field and Sea-Service and have seen such Errors in Gunners my desire is That those that are in Place or shall come to it may exercise themselves and study to better their own Credit and act something for the benefit and good of their Country and honour of their King As for the Constancy of Gunners and others Hath it not been seen since the beginning of those comfortless Troubles in these Nations the unconstancy and instability of Men how they have varied from the one Party to the other yea they have for Ambition and greediness of Gain fled from the Army they have been sworn to and gone to the Enemy to the great loss of their own Souls and hazard of the Truth and an undoubted advantage to the Enemies of his Majesty For their Honesty they are not so much to blame as those that have the charge of them for were they drawn to an account of what they receive and how they have spent it then Men durst not but be honest All the Powder I spent in the Castle I weighed and found every Barrel to lack 10 or 12 and some 14 pound But the Commissary taking from each Barrel 10 or 12 pound weight of Powder the Gunner finding this must be let slip with as much and I think 20 or 24 pound in the hundred is a large Intromission Probatum Now to help this great and I may say terrible Theft committed against King and Country And that the Amunition may redound to the profit of the Country which is the only Service his Majesty requires Chuse honest Men for Commissaries and