all Generals that they make most use in time of desperate service of those that doe best serve them and when once they have experience of their valour they never omit to employ them on the most dangerous exploits and for reward they onely doe commend their valour when others are scarce remembred at all Here also I did see that on hot service nothing can be more comfortable than the getting of a timely reliefe as we did get of the rest of our Regiment for having long smarted under the mercy of Cannon and Musket in hot service so that a Souldier was not able to handle his Musket for feare of burning having shot so oft till his shoulder did ake who can thinke but to such a one a reliefe was welcome truely I thinke no man that hath his foot in the fire but would gladly take it out yet I perswade my selfe there were some here who would suffer to burne before they retired with disgrace or discredit their honour being so deare unto them The best proofes a Souldier can inferre of his valiant courage are his wounds got with credit not running away and the best exhortation a Leader can give common Souldiers is to shew himselfe couragious and then without words with a signe some will follow him in imitating his example Here also I did observe that the Dutch are not the best Souldiers in extremitie of danger though I confesse for the discharge of all dutie otherwise very obedient till it come to extremitie and then commonly they make a Cloake of discontentment and call for money as they did this day Likewise I cannot say but Horse-men are usefull many times as they were here yet in my opinion in their service they are not to be paralleld to foot For at the in-taking of Townes and in hilly and mountainous Countries that are straight by nature they are not usefull neither can they doe but little service yet for their great charges they are much harder to be entertained Therefore my choice shall be ever as most credible to command on foote and if I were worthy to advise a King or a Generall following warres I would wish him to esteeme more of his foot Officers than of his horse then fewer should serve on horsebacke and more on foote and as his Charges should be lesse his profit should be the more his Armie the stronger his Countrey lesse spoyl'd his contribution to maintaine his Armie the better payd his treasure richer his Victories more frequent and more durable his Conquest the better maintained This I dare presume to affirme to be all true out of my little experience and which is more all the time I have served where I have heard one fault imputed to a body of foote I could instance ten defects in our Horsemens service for the worst sort of them being too much given to plowndring makes them neglect their duties which fault also is too Common amongst many of their Leaders though I have knowne some honest men amongst them free from this imputation and for a King or Prince that must defend his Countrie by sea as our noble Mr the King of Dennarke was I would advise him as unprofitable for his service and country not to encertaine strangers in this kinde so being their charges would far surmount the benefit that could redound by their service yet I cannot say but the Rhinegrave his Regiment was the only Regiment under the King at this time that did best service which was ever praise worthy Likewise I have found by experience that those who fight best in occasions have ever the best of it though they chance to suffer losse if it come to a retreat commonly they are most respected and come first off as we did at this time and it is ever better to fight well and to retire timely then for a man to suffer himselfe to be taken prisoner as many were that morning after our retreat and in occasions I rather choose to die honourably then to live and to be prisoner to a churlish fellow that perhaps would keepe me in perpetuall bondage as many brave men are kept or otherwise at my taking to be scurvely used being stript naked by a Villaine and then if I lacked monies about me to be cut and carved and at last poorely put to death being naked without Armes to defend my selfe My advise then is to him that cannot resolve to fight well that he resolve according to his station and charge to be well furnished of money not onely about him but also to have money to the best in a sure place and in sure hands to maintaine him being prisoner and to pay his ransome or otherwise let him resolve to remaine in perpetuall bondage except some noble friend or other have compassion on him Likewise I would advise all worthy Souldiers and Officers going on service if they can never to want some monies about them that if they chance to come as prisoners in undiscreete hands they may cast a bone in the doggs teeth to curry favour of the cruell curre I did also observe here that continency is a vertue very necessary for a Souldier for abstaining from many inordinate appetites that followe his profession that he may the better suffer hunger cold thirst nakednesse travell toyle heate and what else patiently never mutining for any defect for it is the greatest victory we can attaine unto to overcome our selves and our appetites Likewise I did observe that Kings and Generalls are very courteous to Cavaliers while as they stand in neede of their service in making their use of them but the occasion once past oft times they do looke on Cavaliers at a distance as if they had not imployment for them which should teach Cavaliers to take their time with reason of their Masters also and then they might care the lesse for them being strangers or forraigne Kings while as they would disdaine them having still a sure retreate to their owne King and Master Here also I found that a friend in neede was better then gold for had not the Duke of Wymar beene our friend we had bin left behinde at the passe and beene prisoners the next day with the rest of the Army It is therefore ever best to do well come after what may for vertue in despight of envy will not want a reward And a stout Marriner that hath ridden out the storme with losse as we did this day rejoyces in the calme when it comes and he is said to merit the Crowne that hath fought valiantly It is also very necessary that at such service as this was if we have time that we be carefull to bring off our Camerades bodies killed on service that died honourably before their enemies to be laid in the bed of honour in burying their bodies as becomes Christians We are also tied in duety to our Camerades that were with us in danger if either they be wounded or mutilated to care for their safeties so far
fishing in Greeneland bringing great commoditie to the Subjects in serving themselves as also in bringing of money into the Kingdome by furnishing of others Also this Land abounds in Corne which makes great cheapnesse in this Kingdome where I have lived nobly entertained with two servants for twelve shillings sterling a weeke being a whole winter in Garrison at Malemce in Skoneland Where I did see and observe the custome used by the Danes Gentrie in their house-keeping wherein they are not prodigall but yet very noble not differing much from our owne customes at home entertaining many persons attendant but not with costly or daintie fare but aboundant in meate and drinke obliging also they are in entertaining strangers of fashion they keepe long Tables at which there sit sometimes above thirtie persons ordinary Tables they use besides ordained for the attendants of the familie who sit not till their Masters have halfe din ' d or sup't they keepe also many horses hounds and hawkes with attendance answerable which makes their families great Here I did observe that the Subjects doe follow the example of their King in their apparrell in their vertues and Oeconomie where I did see vertue to have beene alike habituall in King Gentry Citizens and Country being all in their degrees extraordinary rich not onely in money but also in Iewells and plate nothing inferiour in my judgement to any neighbour Country It was observed in the Court of the Emperour Maximilian the second a good Prince and a vertuous that many Lords and great Seignieurs not onely clad themselves according to the colour he wore but also had the same vessells and moveables the greatest Ladies also followed the Empresse so that those kindes of cloathing that before were disdained and out of request were then followed all being clad with skinnes and leather The Emperour and the Empresse not disdaining to carry and weare them the rest followed the pearles and precious stones did rise to the great price that they are now at by the rich that made the price so high that the poore could not attaine unto them To shew this by example we reade of Sabina Poppaea to whom nothing was wanting but shame and honestie being extremely beloved of Nero had the colour of her haire yellow like Amber which Nero esteemed much of in singing Verses made on her on the Cittern and from this came that the whole Damsels of Rome and Italie did like best to have that colour of haire in their Buskins Bracelets and cloathing and the Amber which before was in no esteeme became very deare seeing Nero esteemed of it which makes Plinie report speaking of the Comoedians apparell that they carried so much Amber that it was admirable to behold which shewes that the examples of great personages have great power in matters of moment and consequence as it hath in things of lesse importance For as Villeius Paterculus spake of the Emperour Augustus a good Prince teacheth his Subjects to doe well and as he is the greatest in estate even so he is the greatest in example the people casting their eyes on their Prince sitting high in sight of all they delight narrowly to consider all he doth and saith and they looke unto the most hidden things of his actions as through little holes and therefore before all places the Kings Court ought to be holiest and cleerest of all vices and endued with most honestie which betimes will make the whole Kingdome conforme To confirme this we reade in our owne story a memorable example how the King Iosina tooke pleasure and delight to discourse much with Physicians and Chirurgians in a short time the Lords and Gentrie did accommodate themselves to the Princes humour that many ages after there was no noble familie in Scotland that was not expert and well taught in dressing and healing the wounds of the body A knowledge very necessary for men of our profession that oft-times are lost for want of good cure And we reade that King IAMES the fourth following the laudable custome of his Ancestors was very expert in this kinde in healing of wounds A noble knowledge of so noble a Prince and so great a Captaine as he was And the common Proverbe is that the little prettie dogges or puppies doe any thing to please their Mistresses and we say he smells of the pot he hath licked Here then you see the power of good and bad examples To conclude then Let us learne by the good examples aforesaid to follow the vertuous examples of our noble Master and King not neglecting the service and dutie we owe to the King of Kings since our lives here are but like bubbles of the water now seene now vanisht THE TABLE OF THE FIRST PART A. Page Letter THE Affronting man should be taught the way to his duty 4 B. Andrew and Ferwhar Monroes killed at Ouldenburg 18 Q. No Armor is able to resist feare 30 B. The Ancients of old before they fought cansed to sound their Trumpets and beate their Drummes and made their Souldiers cry hard 70 Q. A sound Advise in distresse is most comfortable to friend 73 W. The Appealer oftimes doth receive the reward of his Temerity 84 I. Andrew Monro killed in combat 84 I. B. Booty made by oppression never blesseth the owner long 52 Z. That Bloud is not to be accounted lost which is shed for a noble Master 5 D. Bruntfield a valorous Officer hurt at Trailsound 68 M. A Bemish Captaine being a valorous Cavalier was killed resisting the storme at Trailsound 68 M. Boistrous words betoken not much courage 70 P. C. Captaine Lermond received his deaths wound 11 L. Captaine Mackey and Captaine Forbesse of Tullough shot at Oldenburg 18 Q. Captaine Mack-donald having valorously behaved himselfe was slaine at Trailsound 78 C. Captaine Mackenyee as a pure sparke amongst Diamonds did shine amongst Officers for his valour at Trailesound 79 E. Captaine Boswell killed by Boores. 4 C. Captaine Mackenyee under God was the instrument of his Majestie of Denmarks safety at Wolgast 81 G. Change hath no place to ruine though well to alter where order and concord is kept as was in our Regiment 83 H. Captaine Andrew Stewart brother to the Earle of Traquare died at Copmanhagen and was buried there 86 K. Captaine Monro his valour in clearing the passage 18 Q. Citizens of Trailsound compared to the Swordfish having weapons but wanting hearts and had quaking hands without use 76 Colonell Mackey with his owne division defends the Passe at Oldenburg 17 P. Colonell Mackey had his face spoyled with Gunpowder 18 Q. Colonell Frets a Leeflander was slaine on our post at Trailsound 69 N. Count of Mongomery cruelly beaten by the Rascall Boores being mistaken 47 V. The nature of the Common people is to serve as slaves or to strike like Tyrants 40 X. A Caveat for making Booty 32 E. Citizens of Trailsound forgetting benefit were more unthankefull then beasts 66 L. Charlemaine his priviledge granted to those had
Bridge were suffered to enter within the Castle before the Garrison could get to their Armes and being thus surprized they got worse quarters then if they had fought The Soldiers and Officers that first entred made good booty and having got gold chaines and mony in aboundance by reason the Emperialists had lyen long there who though they gathered the whole money of the Country yet they had not the wit to transport it away being silly simple Italians and without courage the poorest Officers that ever I looked on and unworthy the name of Souldiers for though they knew of our march they suffered themselves pittifully to be surprized The Fourth Observation NOtwithstanding of the extremitie of cold we see his Majesties diligence neglecting no time making use of Winter as of Summer being an expert Generall who in his judgement was nothing inferiour to the greatest Generall we read of as doe witnesse his valorous actions He seeing at our comming to Brandenburge what advantage the ground yeelded to the enemy to have hindered our comming unto it As also perceiving what hurt the enemy was able to have done us before our down-lying having known their strength that were within both of horse and foot if hee had beene a resolute and a couragious Commander as hee was not hee had tried our fore-troopes before our comming so neere which made his Majesty judge they would not hold out long Here at this time a young Cavaliere desirous of honour and greedy of good instruction could have learned frō this King the way to command well as likewise with order to direct all things fitting how to pursue any place or strength he came before as his Majestie did there being the first part wherein I did observe his Majesties dexteritie in Command discharging the dueties of severall Officers being but one man he never doubted to put in execution what he once commanded and it was well done and no alteration was to be found in his Orders neither did he like well of an Officer that was not as capable to understand his directions as he was ready in giving them Neverthelesse hee would not suffer an Officer to part from him till hee found he was understood by the receiver of the Order Such a Generall would I gladly serve but such a Generall I shall hardly see whose custome was to bee the first and last in danger himselfe gayning his Officers love in being the companion both of their labours and dangers for hee knew well how his souldiers should bee taught to behave themselves according to the circumstances both of time and place before they were led to fight and being carefull of their credits hee would not suffer their weakenesse or defects to be discerned being ready to foresee all things which did belong to the health of his souldiers and his owne credit Hee knew also the devices and Engines of his enemie their Counsell their Armies their art their discipline As also the nature and situation of the places they commanded so that he could not bee neglective in any thing belonging to his charge and he understood well that an Army being brickle like glasse that sometimes a vaine and idle brute was enough to ruine them and to breake them like the bricklest glasse that is His Majesties further diligence after the intaking of Brandenburg we see he giving neither time nor leasure to the neerest Garrisons that were at hand to resolve what they had to doe for one strength was no sooner taken but incontinent the commanded Musketiers and horsemen were presently closing up the passages of the rest before they could either retire or send for supply And so being long sleeping in a carelesse securitie some of them were taken before they could bee prepared for to fight or to take about their ports or bridges so farre were they out of use with hunting and making good cheere that they were surprized inter pocula having regarded their bellies more then their credits Where I did see the saying of the Prophet cleered that saith Men doe annoy themselves in gathering goods and cannot tell who shall enjoy them For I thinke the Italians never minded that the riches which they gathered in Pomeren should be suddenly transported from the Sunne unto the Northerne cragges and cliffes of Sweden being led by the Lyon of the North the Invincible King of Sweden of never dying memory The fifth Dutie discharged of the Intaking of Dameine by Accord GEnerall Major Kniphowsen being come with a supply of horse and foote to our Army at Letts and being joyned with us his Majestie did give him orders to desire from the Colonells of all Regiments of foote and horse according to a Swedens custome used at such times the List of their marching men and of their sicke the Lists being severally given our Army did effectivè consist of fifteene thousand men of foote and horse able to fight The next morning every Regiment of foote according to custome was commanded to have a competent number of Cannon baskets ready made to be transported the next day on Waggons before Dameine which we were to beleaguer Therefore this preparation was made before hand for the Batteries the wood being scarce and farre from thence The fourteenth of Februarie we did breake up horse and foote and marched towards Dameine from Letts our horsemen were directed to lie without us on both sides of the Towne alike so that the Towne could get no supply without they would first beate our horsemen and next our foote His Majestie remaining with the Infantry as his choice we incamped on a hill and about it within Cannon shot of the Towne being our best Quarters in the extremitie of the cold without house or shelter to defend us from the winde At our first drawing up in battell a worthy Gentleman called Robert Rosse one of our Regiment was kill'd with the Cannon being blowing of Tobacco before the Regiment died instantly and was transported to Letts where he was honourably buried in the Church whose last words were worth the noteing saying Lord receive my Soule His Majestie having first disposed of the Horsemen in giving them their directions the foote was standing in battell under the mercy of the Cannon behinde this hill for two houres while his Majestie was in viewing and recognoscing both Towne and Castle which done the Guards were commanded forth to their severall Posts to the Artillerie and to his Majesties baggage then his Majestie directed Generall Major Kniphowsen and his Forces with the thousand commanded Musketiers to take in the passage that went to the Castle on which service was commanded Here Tivell his Lievetenant Colonell called _____ who commanded the partie under whom was with the commanded men of our Regiment Lievetenant George Heatly the service beginning hot on both sides striving for the passe the Lievtenant Colonell was killed At which time Lievetenant Heatly being shot notwithstanding behaved himselfe valourously being the first with his Musketiers that cleered the passe
some others are wrapped up in fortunes lap 174 M. Intelligence the good of it most necessary to an Army 179 Y. K. Kinphowsen affirmed that one ounce of good fortune was better then a pound weight of wit 10 O. The King of Sweden doubted never to let put in execution what he once commanded 16 Y. The King of Sweden in extremity of cold being all wet did eate before he changed clothes 21 D. The King of Sweden though stout was seene to stoope for a Cannon Bullet 22 D. The King of Sweden did outshoote old Tilly in experience 25 I. The King of Sweden did discharge the duty of a Generall Major before Francfurt 31 T. The King of Sweden when his Army was weakest he digged most in the ground 41 H. The King of Sweden at Berlin forced the Duke of Brandenburg to quit the Saxon. 43 M. The King of Sweden was alike ready to governe the State as to fight his Enemies 46 Q. The King of Sweden caused draw his great Cannon through the River of the Elve on their Carriage 49 W. The King of Sweden his order in defending his Leaguer worthy observance 51 The King of Sweden seekes advice of his chiefe Officers at Verben 52 B. The King of Sweden with a strong party chased the Emperialists within their Army 54 F. The Kings prudency and wisdome in command answerable to the dignity of his Majesticke person 57 I. When a King fights a battell he puts much on hazard 62 Q. The King of Sweden makes merry with the Duke of Saxon at Hall 74 L. The King of Sweden for the advancement of the warre made a like use of Protestants and Lutherans 77 R. Kings or Princes have no other charters then their sword and the oath of fidelity 77 S. The King of Sweden to march over Duringvault did divide his Army 78 T. The King of Sweden caused publish and Edict in Franconia 85 D. The King of Sweden considering the weakenesse of his Army at Wertzburg gave out some monies 86 H. The King of Sweden steered his course aright at Wertzburg 87 H. The King of Sweden alike able tam arte quà m Marte 87 I. The King of Sweden marched through Francfurt as in a solemne precession for order 89 L. The King of Sweden Patriot and Protector of Religion in Germany 90 P. The King of Bohemia wonderfully well liked of by the Cities and Commonalty in Germany 91 R. The King of Sweden made no difference of seasons to pusue his Enemies 92 V. The King of Sweden in six monthes freed the Paltz of all the Enemies 94 Y. The King of Sweden for his Sisters sake the Queene of Bohemia in one night did anger the King of Spaine the Emperour and the King of France 93 Y. The King of Sweden and his Chancellour sate whole dayes at Counsell 100 H. The King of Sweden his peremptory answer to the French Ambassadour at Mentz 100 K. The King of Sweden did grant a stil stand on a condition 105 P. The King of Sweden entertained foure whole Armies at once 107 A. The King of Bohemia his discourse with the Scots Briggad at Vinchen 110 D. The King of Sweden and the King of Bohemia nobly received by the Lords of Nurenberg 111 F. The King of Sweden gives God thankes in Saint Annes Church at Ausburg 117 R. The K. of Swedé his speech coÌ„siderable his horse being shot under him 123 D. The King of Sweden a good shepherd 130 O. The King of Sweden finding the Enemy strong gave some contentment unto his weake Army 131 Q. The King of Sweden and the Emperiall Army had the eyes of all Europe fixed on their Actions 140 E. The King of Sweden rides at Anchor as at a Bay under Nurenberg 140 F. The King of Sweden defeats a party of the Emperialists at Bosbore in the upper Paltz 145 M. The King of Sweden ever enemy to idlenesse 151 X. The King of Sweden divideth his Army in Bavier to march into Saxony 159 I. The King of Sweden having thanked the Scots Briggad left them in Bavaria to be strengthened 159 M. The King of Sweden on his march to Saxony did cut off with a party three hundred Emperialists 160 N. The King joyned his Army with Duke Bernard of Wymar in Duringlang 160 N. The King of Sweden leaving the Queene at Erford made a speech to the Counsill 160 O. The King of Sweden crossed the Leake with the Army and marched to Nawmberg 161 P. The King of Sweden caused to throw off the Bridges on the Sale 161 P. The King of Sweden as a Souldier troubled with a double care 161 Q. The King of Sweden his exhortation to the people 161 R. The King of Sweden compared to the Sunne 162 S. The King of Sweden his exhortation at Leitzen to fight well 163 T. The King of Sweden having charged bravely his enemies being thrice wounded fell at Leitzen 164 W. A King ought never to endanger himselfe his Crowne and Country on a day of battle 166 The King of Sweden at Leitzen discharged alike the duty of a King and of a Souldier 167 A. The King of Sweden his confession as a sinner before death 168 C. The King of Sweden praised a Simili 168 C. L. When Love and feare is in the hearts of inferiours then the command is not burdensome nor the obedience slavish 14 V. We ought to Live so as we are commanded to live well 14 V. Lievetenant George Heatly a valorous young man was shot here at Damaine and slaine afterwards at Vberline in Schwabland being a Captaine of my Regiment 17 Z. Lievetenant Colonell Liâ—desey and Captaine Moncreeffe both slaine in defence of Newbrandenburg 23 F. Three things pleasant in Gods sight the Love betwixt brethren the friendship betwixt neighbours and the Loyalty betweene man and wife 28 P. The Love of Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne to his Lady at her death 29 R. The Love of man and wife should be free of gall despite anger and of bitternesse 29 S. Lievetenant Colonell Butler commended for his valour 34 Y. Lievetenant Colonell Dowbattle surprised the watch before Lantsberg 39 E. Who can Labour an Army as Gustavus did before Leipsigh he may drinke the best wine groweth under the Empire 69 A. Lievetenant Colonell Buckoy wounded 111 E. The Leaguer at Nurenberg went in a circular Orbe round the City 132 V. A new Leaguer made at Nurenberg in despite of the Enemy 151 W. Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire killed at Newmarke 178 V. Lievetenant Colonell Sinclaire his death lamented 180 M. He ought to be Modest and secret that maintaines a Strength or Fort. 10 P. Major Synot died at Statin 12 R. Major Iohn Sinclaire at Trepto made a brave shew of a slight game 24 I. Major Bruntfield died at Buckestehood of his wounds 24 I. Meleager refusing to stirre for father or mother at the desire of his wife Cleopatra he tooke Armes and preserved the City from ruine 29 S. Major Sinclaire and
membris hoc decorata bono Spiritus aethereas Heroum scandit in oras Ac desiderium linquit in orbe sui IO. NARSSIVS M. D. Ann. 1633. MONRO HIS EXPEDITION AND OBSERVATIONS The first Dutie discharged in Holsten at Crempe THE old Proverb is A good beginning makes a good ending and to lead a good life is the way to a happie death Immediatly after our landing at Loughstad on the Elve by command of his Majestie of Denmarke we were quartered in the fat and fertile soyle of Holsten nothing inferiour in fertilitie to any part of Dutchland except in Wines having Corne in abundance to the increase Communibus Annis of the twentie eight Corne Wheat and Barly in milke nothing inferiour to Holland and for the most part inhabited by Hollanders especially the Cities This Soyle hath also abundance of fresh and salt-water fishes their Gentry live like Noble men and their Communaltie live like Gentlemen During our enquartring with them our entertainment was answerable to our charges where some Officers had allowance of a peece a day for keeping good Order Lievtenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse had the Command over the Regiment in the absence of the Colonell being hindred by sicknesse Shortly after our going over the Lievtenant Colonell departed this life being a Gentleman of much true worth and a valourous Commander much regrated by the whole Regiment Immediatly after his death Captaine Sanders Seaton was by his Majesties Patent made Lievtenant Colonell to the Regiment who did bring a strong Company of well exercised Souldiers which were joyned to strengthen the Regiment Captaine Iames Dumbarre who did get Lievtenant Colonell Forbesse his Company was placed Sergeant Major Captaine Sinclaire Captaine Boswell and Captaine Ennis Companies were reduced to strengthen the other Companies of the Regiment which being made complete were mustred cloathed and payd of their muster-moneth Who then would disdaine to follow warres might be thought unwise The Baron of Fowles comming over a voluntier was allowed a free Table to entertaine an Earle being ordinarily above sixteene persons at Table his Visitors horses and servants entertained accordingly The Regiment mustered received colours wherein his Majestie would have the Officers to carry the Danes crosse which the Officers refusing they were summoned to compeare before his Majestie at Raynesberge to know the reasons of their refusalls at the meeting none would adventure fearing his Majesties indignation to gainestand openly his Majesties will being then his Majesties sworne Servants and for the eschewing of greater inconvenience the Officers desired so much time of his maiestie as to send Captaine Robert Ennis into England to knowe his Majestie of Great Britaines will whether or no they might carrie without reproach the Danes Crosse in Scottish colours answere was returned they should obey their will under whose pay they were in a matter so indifferent During the tedious winter the Regiment was well exercised and put under good discipline as well the particular companies as the whole Regiment so that mine eyes did never see a more complete Regiment for bodies of men and valiant souldiers as shall be seene in the discharge of their duties begun with the sheding of Duch-bloud A Duch captaine having out of a mad humour mutilated a souldier of my Captaines company of one finger The souldier complaining to me I made my Lievtenant-colonell acquainted with the manner who sent to the Captaine to know his reason The Captaine not repenting of the wrong done but rather bragging he would second the first with a greater he comming through my Quarters I being exercising the company the Sergeant overtakes him and almost kill'd him who made no defence neither pressed ever to be repaired of his wrongs This duty begun with the shedding of Duch-bloud by one of my name and kindred In the continuance of the storie you shall heare much bloud shed of all Nations in Europe and of ours not the least But of my freinds and myne too much The first Observation THE land of Holsten full of prosperitie at this time having all things in a golden swimme and waving carelesly in a swallowing plentie having her heart full of pleasures disdaining what was to come ruine seazed vpon this land within six months after our rising from quarters to our first expedition towards the Waser streame At our comming into the land the proudest sort of them disdained souldiers saying they had no neede of strangers they were sufficiently able themselves to hold out the Emperors forces their passes were strong their power in Armes were mightie of Horse and foote as any Province in Germanie notwithstanding whereof in a short time they felt the wrath of Heaven and were ruinated in the middest of their fortunes I wish my Country by a timely prevention to avoide the like by suspecting the smooth streame being ordinarily deepest lest they should become subject unto their enemies their land wasted with fire and sword their buildings and plantings destroyed their riches and Iewels made spoyle of their wives abused and their daughters deflowred themselves banished and their Religion persecuted in so much that their Pastors flying to the Altar for refuge were cruelly put to death Since therefore their enemies are our enemies we ought to beware We ought also not to deny our betters in things indifferent lest the askers love waxe drie and his revenge grow great for to a generous spirit as it is hard to begge so it is harsh to be denyed Our Officers refusing to carrie the the Danes Crosse in their colours disobliged his Majestie so farre by their denialls of a thing indifferent that after the death of our worthy Lievtenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse Lievetennant-Colonell Seaton was preferred against the Officers wills who once placed would refuse nothing unto his Majestie he would command By his Majesties authoritie against the Colonells will Captaine Duncan Forbesse and Captaine Iohn Forbesse for alleaged insufficiencie were put off their command and their companies given to others whom his Majestie favoured But time that alters all things having favoured them they were restored to their companies againe When we have good dayes we slight them when they are gone we sinke under the wring of sorrow for their losse and want teacheth vs the worth of things more truely and it is a true saying Blessings appeare not till they bee vanished Our Officers that were discontented under the King of Denmarke without reason having had both good quarters and money there after in other services would have been contented with lesse We ought then to make use of the present preserving that we have and if it goe to grieve as little as we may yet we ought to owe a deare respect to the memorie of the good we lost Certainly a good resolution is the most fortifying Armour a discreet man can weare that can defend him against all the unwelcome frownes that the poore world puts vpon him with this we can be servants as well as Lords and have the same inward pleasantnesse
time we provided the Island with Corne and Cattle taken off the Country about sufficiently to have entertained us the whole Winter in necessitie In this Leager we had abundance of flesh and of drinke but we were slightly provided of bread and salt where a Souldier had but one pound of bread allowed him in ten dayes if that he tooke it not off the field Our Scottish High-land men called this Leager the flesh Leager and justly for the Souldiers were so cloyed with flesh that Oxen flesh was let lie on the ground the Hides taken off by the Souldiers and sold for a Can of Beere a Hide the whole body left on the place untouched and at last the Souldiers weary of Mutton also eating onely the heads and feet being boyld with Wheat brought off the fields In all this necessitie the Towne of Wismere did prove very discourteous unto us in not suffering to help us with any thing they might spare for our money but rather through their pride abused our Officers and servants that entred their Towne to buy necessaries The fift Observation HEre we have represented unto us the mutability of humane estates and especially of warres the whe ele turning we that looked to go forwards were forced to retire humane affaires being opposed as a marke to all the shots of discontentment so that we ought not to rejoyce too much in a calme or prove faint hearted in a storme We reade of a Roman Captaine who did tremble being victorious as being uncertaine how long his good fortune might continue And the Romans as Scipio tould the Ambassadors of Antiochus were not puft up by victory nor cast downe by losse And Augustine said this life of ours was doubtfull blind miserable made of a floud of humors ebbing and flowing Notwitstanding whereof it is the duety of a wise Commander to make use of the time by diligent fore-sight and wise deliberation to save himselfe and others so long as he may and not to be dejected at every buffet unconstant fortune doth give him As this old Generall his resolution at this time having an enemy before him was good the enemy coming also behinde him tooke his march betwixt both and did come fortunately to his wished forecast putting himselfe and his Army in assurance This old Generall was of good experience but not fortunate neither were they fortunate whom he served though of invincible courage and of great understanding in warres for to give his Majesty of Denmarke his due no man breathing I thinke carries a stouter heart then he doth Yet I have seene his Majestie far dejected in spirit through great losse and no wonder as you shall heare more particularly set downe in the seventh observation In this Retreat we were not voide of feare but suspecting the worst every man bethinking himselfe of his best safety to eschew an apparēt overthrow a thing at all times most dangerous in an Army Our Horsemen being afraid of a retreat by water and consequently the losse of their Horses for want of shipping and which was more they feared the losse of their goods and their owne imprisonment but it was in vaine they should torment themselves before hand for things without their powers to eschew But they ought rather to have made use of the present and to have foreseene the future so far as lay in them resolving patiently against all crosses and to referre the event to God Here also I did observe the inconvenience that comes to souldiers through eating much flesh without salt or bread which did bring diseases in the Leager so that many died of pestilence and flux but of our Nation fewest for to speake truth I never did see more durable men against all Toyle travell and tediousnesse than they were Likewise I did observe first here that the Townes of Germanie are best friends ever to the masters of the field H. F. obs in flattering the victorious and in persecuting of the loser which is ever well seene in all estates When we are happie in the spring-tide of abundance and in the rising floud of plenty then the world would be our servants but when these pleasant waters fall to ebbing then men looke upon us at a distance Wherefore adversity is like Penelopes night which undoes all that ever the day did weave And our misery is so that we can never trie a friend but in the kieke of malignant chance so I confesse he is happy that finds a true friend but he is happier that findeth not extremitie to trie him The sixt duety discharged of our expedition by Water from Wismer to Heligenhoven and of our service at Oldenburgh HAving remained five weekes in this Leager during which time preparation was making for the transportation of the Army unto Holsten seeing the Emperors forces come from Silesia and Tillies Army were joyned very strong which barr'd our passage from comming into Holsten by land which made us ship our Army for going unto Heligenhoven and from thence to the passe of Oldenburgh in Holsten of intention to ly secured there till the rest of his Majesties forces might joyne with us The Army then consisted of eight thousand Foote and Horse besides those that were left behinde on the Iland under the command of Generall Major Slamersdorse Having all safely landed at Heligenhoven we marched towards the passe of Oldenburgh where arrived before night our Leager was drawne out into the most convenient part for maintaining of the passe where the first night we begin to worke in the Trenches and continue working the whole night and the next day till noone that the enemy was seene marching towards the passe in full Battalions of Horse and foote which before three of the clocke had planted Batteries to play with Cannon on our Leager and to force a passage over the passe which our Generall perceiving gave orders to double the Guards both of Horse and foote As also strongly to Barricade the passe and to cast up in the night a redout before the passe the night drawing on being darke silence was over all on both sides of the passe But the day cleering the Guardes on both sides begin the skirmish the Cannons on both sides begin to discharge the Horse Guards charge one another till ours were forced to give ground the foote Guards beginning to fight the reliefes were commanded on both sides to second their owne the service growing hot and the passe in danger of losing My Colonell in all haste was commanded to march with the halfe of his Regiment to maintaine the passe The Colonell commanded me to have the men in readinesse and to distribute Ammunition amongst the Souldiers which done the Colonell leading on marches towards the passe under mercy of Cannon and musket the Generall meeting us bids aske the souldiers if they went on with courage they shouting for joy cast up their hats rejoycing in their march seeming glad of the occasion The Generall commending their courage and resolution doth blesse
some horses in it where we set our Colours and making that ship launch off a little from the shore for feare of being aground having mann'd the ship-boat with an Officer and some musketiers we sent to force other ships out of the Roade to launch in and serve us untill such time as the most part of our Regiment were shipped except some Villaines who were gone a plundering in the Towne but not knowing the danger they were in they stayed all night from us and were taken by the enemy the next morning Thus having shipped our men we were forced to quit our Horses and baggage the Officers that were most diligent as Captaine Monro and my brother Obstell were busied the whole night ferrying souldiers from the shoare especially the sicke and wounded who were not able to helpe themselves In the morning I shipped three boatefulls of wounded and sicke men till at the last I was beaten from the shoare by the enemies horsemen And my Colonells ship being under saile layd up to the winde attending my comming with the last fraught and then we followed the Route of the fleete seeing the enemies Army drawne up in battell horse foote and Cannon and our Army of Foote and horse opposite unto them where I did see six and thirty Cornets of horse being full troupes without loosing of one Pistoll give themselves prisoners in the enemies mercy whereof the most part tooke service As also I did see above five Regiments of foote being forty Colours follow their examples rendring themselves and their colours without loosing of one musket Iudge then judicious reader though we were sorrie for the losse of our Army if we were glad of our owne safeties I thinke we were and praised be God with no discredit to us or our Nation for none can be blamed that doth what he is commanded thus following our course the third morning we arrived before Flinesborrie where our Randezvouz was appointed and having sent a shoare for some victualls whereof we stood in great neede no man was blamed to provide for himselfe at such time when the whole Country was to be left to our enemies mercy His Majesty being there after hearing the certainty of his great losse resolved to secure Denmark having lost Holsten Yewiland we got orders with expedition all of us to ship and to hold forth our course unto Assens in Denmark where his Majesty promised to meete us to dispose further of us for his Majesties service and we making saile follow our course and orders At our parting the Rhinegrave with his Regiment did come thither the enemy at his heeles and he at spurres following the King till he had gotten the passe made good betwixt Holsten and Yewtland and his Majestie once safely arrived in Denmark the Rhinegrave quitting Yewtland unto the enemy follows the King unto Denmark We landed at Assens of our Regiment eight hundred Souldiers besides one hundred and fifty wounded and sicke men and being put in good quarters we rest us leaving the enemy to rest in the fat land of Holsten and Yewtland having a good broad and deepe fossey betwixt us we were by Gods mercy secured The seventh Observation HEre we see that the losse of a day is the losse of a great part of his Majesties Kingdome for the losse of his Armie was the losse of Holsten and Yewtland so that here below we have no assured estate from the King to the Clowne whereof we have frequent examples in Histories which should make none of all estates to glory too much either in their peace or prosperitie as the Holsteners did for though now thou be in peace and securitie as they were before this day thou oughtst to looke unto thy selfe and to prevent the worst better than they did Therefore to discharge a part of my dutie to my Country-men and friends I minde here somewhat to touch the misery of man through the inconstancy of humane affaires Isidore writes that it was the custome at Constantinople in the dayes of the Emperours Coronation while as he sate in his Throne a Mason came to him presenting stones that he might choose which he would to make his Tombe of thereby putting him in minde of the inconstancy of humane fragilitie We reade also of a simple Citizen in Italy that became one of the most powerfull men in Italy and coming to the dignitie of a Prince being thirtie yeares without interruption in great prosperitie tranquillitie and peace yea ever in the most dangerous time of warre and his Children raised to high honours and dignities this man thinking himselfe to be above the winde a whirle-winde of warres unlooked for came on him and his from Florence that he with his wife and children were taken prisoners and sent to Millane his goods consiscated he was shut up in close prison and died miserably the Venetians appropriating unto themselves all his money he had in Bancke We reade also of one Francis Force that through his heaping up of wealth came to be made Duke of Millane and after that intitled himselfe to be the Sonne of Fortune and the Oracle of the Princes of Italie being many yeares in prosperitie was afterwards chased from his goods as the Holsteners were then but having recovered his lands and goods againe he grew so insolent and proud of his prosperitie that at last he was taken prisoner and was kept till death in prison mockt of the whole world for his pride and greedinesse The same Author Guicchardine in his seventh Booke in the 157 doth record of the Bentioles chased out of Bullon where they long were in peace the subjects of Millane being forbidden to receive them the chiefest of them died of griefe having never before tasted the Cup of adversitie And so became of sundry in Denmark that for feare did send away their goods by shipping unto the Craggs of Norway to be kept there whereof some were lost by Sea and the owners afterward died of griefe not having the courage to undergoe patiently their Crosse The Lord of his mercie preserve my Countrey and Friends from the like Visitation Let no man therefore flatter himselfe with prosperitie riches or honour as Agapetus adviseth us in his Politique Aphorismes All are borne alike come of dust our glory then should be of vertue and not in riches prosperitie or honours for we should esteeme of nothing so much as of Gods judgements praying his Majestie continually to divert them from us esteeming more of our soules than of deceivable riches whereof the possession is uncertaine as was seene at this time both in Holsten and Yewtland their riches went faster away than they came and though they could have enjoyed them yet at last they were forced to leave them to others Since therefore we can carry nothing with us but our good name let us be ever carefull of that discharging so farre as we may with a good Conscience our dutie to God and man and this Heritage we cannot be robbed of
feete for refuge thinking thereby to escape was on his knees crying for mercy so hard pursued by the multitude that before his Majestie he was cruelly beaten dead as the reward of his former tyranny and so would God Here also we see that oftentimes the Innocent doth suffer with the Guiltie as hapned to that worthy Cavalier the Count of Mongomrie being cruelly beaten by the rascall multitude which should teach all Cavaliers bearing charge at such times to looke unto themselves in attending their Master or Generall on horse backe when an overcome enemy is marching out of strength or Towne or otherwise they ought to be on the head of their charge attending their duety or if for pleasure they would looke on they ought to be on their Guard lest being taken for private men they might be disgraced receiving a Disaster as this Cavalier did Happy therefore are those who can eschew evill by the example of others Here also we see that the best meanes to suppresse the insolency of the tumultuous multitude is a band of well commanded souldiers with Armes who are ever good servants but more often cruell Masters It is then the duety of a Generall in such cases peremptorily to see that his accord be kept which otherwise being broken causeth much evill and mischiefe to follow His Majesty as he was diligent in the intaking of this Iland so we see him carefull of the keeping of it as his conquest by leaving a Governor with a Garrison in it to be his retreate in case of neede out of Holsten We reade that Guishcardin in his history of the warres of Italy in his first booke accuses under hand the French that did enlarge their territories by Armes and did not maintaine and keepe their conquests but on the contrary did ruine themselves in the end The Emperour Augustus having read the great conquest of Alexander in the East he did wonder that Alexander did not take care to keepe them as he travelled to winne them It is said of Pyrrhus King of Albany that where he once set his foote he was conquerour there But was ever unfortunate in keeping his conquest and therefore the King Antigonus compared him to a gamester at dice that lost his owne in hope of gaine Examples we have of this at home without warres Leonard Darrez in his 3. booke of the warrs of Italy against the Gothes Totilas King of the Gothes being made Conqueror of Rome in his Harrangue made to his army concluded that it was harder to keepe a country conquer'd then to winne it for in conquering oftimes as here the cowardize of the enemies helpes more then our owne valor to maintaine our conquest we had neede of valour and justice That custome of the Turkes is commendable that when he enters into his Chappell the bed man of the Temple going before him cries out aloud that he remember that the Empire attained unto by Armes and justice is to be maintained with the like so mutiny is and should be holden detestable amongst Souldiers and in all well governed estates For the use therefore of my fellow Camarades and for the benefit of my country I will speake somewhat at large of the fury cruelty and barbarity of the multitude mutinous and superstitious that we may avoid the evill incident thereto I will set downe here my collections on this point which occurred in my observation The Philosopher Plato called the wisest and most honourable amongst the Grecians sayes the people are ungratefull cruell barbarous envious impudent being composed of a Masse of fooles naughty deboist and desperate for all that is spoken by the wise displeases the people that are incensed And Baleus writing the lives of the Popes writes of Pope Iohn the twenty third being asked what thing was farthest from truth he answered it was the vulgar opinion for all things they praise merite blame what they thinke is but vanity what they say is but lies they condemne the good and approve the evill and magnifie but infamy And Nicholas Hanap Patriarch of Ierusalem in his booke of the unconstancy of the people hath a whole chapter apart to this purpose and Arrianus in his first booke praiseth much the wisdome of Alexander the great in taking away from the people of Ephesus the meanes to mutine against the chiefe men of the Towne for some of the mutiners being executed Alexander forbids to search or punish the rest knowing that if once the popular could loose the raine there was nothing to follow but mischiefe where the innocent might suffer as well as the guilty as witnesse here the Count of Mongomry that ranne the hazard of death being long bedred after his beating without sense or feeling And Thucydide did in his third booke speaking of those of the Isle of Corsu did feele the evill of a sturdy popular having licence to doe evill how much it was to be doubted in so much that the Massacre being so cruell that there was no villany left unpractised and such strange things he writes of that the Fathers did suffocate their owne children and those that were runne to the Churches for refuge were cruelly put to death who pleases may reade the story where it is set downe more at large As also to reade the late Massacres in France from the yeare 1560 to this present time especially the Massacre of the twenty fourth of August 1572 in the chiefest Cities of the Kingdome continuing without respect of age or of sex as well against the dead as the quicke as saith Lactance in his sixt booke and second chapter humanity was so farre gone from men that to take away the life of their neighbours was but sport being become beasts drunke with custome of bloud not sparing the innocent but doing to all what the hangman doth to malefactors Therefore Quintus Curâ—ius saith properly that the deepe Sea in a tempest hath not more waves then the tumultuous multitude hath changes especially getting liberty by a new government And Titus Livius in his fourth booke of the third Decâ—d saith so is the nature of the people to serve as slaves or strike like Tyrants Reade also Thomas Fasell in his tenth booke of the second Decad of the history of Sicilie a memorable example of sedition moved in Palerneâ— of Sicilie where Iohn Squarelazop was cheife leader amply described in brave termes he having seene the Tragedy himselfe where he complaines of the ruine of the City Iustice and Lawes being abolished avarice rife and pride did reigne and dominâ—â—r a pleasant story to reade and make use of in thâ— day robbing unpunished spoyling the Church in all confusion Aristâ—tle sayes well that such changes come by them that have eaten up their â—wne and have no more There was also sedition moved at Lisbone in the yeare 166 by the fantasies of the multitude that was a flood that tooke away almost all the Iewes that were turned Christians whereof there were killed above a thousand and the Massacre
our retyring we got orders every man to shippe againe as we might best The twelfth Observation THis service being but short having had adoe as formerly with a slight Enemy my observation must be the shorter but to my great griefe as we found afterwards the next day this dayes service was but like a pleasant Weathergall the fore-runner of a greater storme for they made bootie this day that had not the happinesse to enjoy it eight and fortie houres as you shall heare in the next Observation Our hap here and good-successe in making of bootie was soone restrained no man no beast no creature but hath some thing to ballast their lightnesse One scale is not alwayes in depression nor the other lifted ever high but by the Beame is ever kept in motion nothing but hath some thing to awe it man with man is awed and defended the world is but a perpetuall warre and a wedding When the Assyrian fell the Persian rose when the Persian fell the Grecian rose the losse of one man is the gaine of another It is vicissitude that maintaines the world Here I say our Souldiers made bootie by oppression which brought a sudden consumption with it Hodie mihi cras tibi The dying Flie lectures out the worlds mortalitie and though frequent miserable man never thinkes of his end till it be too late ever epicuring our selves with this worlds joy till at last we are seazed on unawares Here I must not forget the memory of our Preacher Master William Forbesse a Preacher for Souldiers yea and a Captaine in neede to lead Souldiers on a good occasion being full of courage with discretion and good Conduct beyond some Captaines I have knowne that were not so capable as he at this time he not onely prayed for us but went on with us to remarke as I thinke mens carriage and having found a Sergeant neglecting his dutie and his honour at such a time whose name I will not expresse having chidden him did promise to reveale him unto me as he did after their service the Sergeant being called before me and accused did deny his accusation alleaging if he were no Pastour that had alleaged it he would not lie under the injury the Preacher offered to fight with him that it was truth he had spoken of him whereupon I cashier'd the Sergeant and gave his place to a worthier called Mongo Gray a Gentleman of good worth and of much courage The Sergeant being cashier'd never call'd Master William to account for which he was evill thought of so that he retired home and quit the warres Some men perhaps will blame our Conduct here for pursuing men retired to a Church being a place of refuge First I answer our orders we had of our Master were to beate our enemies in taking them Prisoners or by killing them which we could not effect neither the one nor the other without entring the Church Secondly They having banished the Gospell and the Preachers of it out of the Church we had good reason to banish them who had made of the house of God a Denne of theeves and murtherers as they were at Bredenberg having killed our Camerades and massacred our Preacher being on his knees begging mercy and could finde none Thirdly They treacherously retired themselves to a Loft apart in the Church for their owne safeties and left traines of Powder to blow us up at our entry which made our Compassion towards them the colder for when the subject of our hatred is sinne it cannot be too deepe and for my owne part I refused not to shew compassion on those who did beg it of me and what others did in their fury I did tolerate not being powerfull to hinder them yet truly my compassion was so much that when I saw the house ordained for Gods service defiled with their bloud and ours and the pavement of the Church covered over with the dead bodies of men truely my heart was moved unto the milde streames of pittie and wept as is reported of Caesar when he heard how Pompey died For in my opinion pittie though she be a downy vertue yet she never shines more brightly than when she is clad in steele and it is thought that a martiall mans compassion shall conquer both in peace and warre and by a two-fold way get victory with honour And generally we have found and observed that the most famous men of the world have had in them both courage and compassion and oft-times wet eyes as well as wounding hands Fabius did conquer as well by delaying as Caesar by expedition To end this observation reason teacheth us to cast the bloud of the slaine upon the unjust Authors of it That which gives the minde securitie is a just cause and a just deputation let me have these and of all others I shall thinke this one of the noblest and most manly wayes of dying The thirteenth Dutie discharged upon our expedition by water to Kele and of our service there HAving retired all unto our shippes his Majestie made saile againe alongst the Coast of Holsten till we entred before night betwixt two lands that goe up unto Kele where by six a Clock at night we set saile within musket-shot of the Towne the Commander over the Garrison doth keepe himselfe and his people very wisely silent and close making his Majestie suspect there was no Souldiers in the Towne providing for the worst he expected his advantage at our landing the whole night he was busied and very provident in working a running trench alongst the Coast neare the height of a man under ground over against our shippes within the Pallessads unseene or known of us where in the dead of the night he lodged and placed a thousand Musketiers giving them charge never to shoot nor appeare till first our Souldiers were almost landed his Majestie not expecting the like by seaven of the Clocke in the morning turnes the broad sides of five great Shippes and two Gallies on the Towne and shoots at once for the space of an houre so fast as they could charge seaventie halfe Cartowes at every Salve through and through the Towne houses where many were lamed of legges and armes and freed of lives Neverthelesse the Souldiers within the Towne never gave one shot of Musket during that time but the Sling-pieces from the Towne were spreading their Bullets thicke amongst our Fleete which for the most part shot over doing us no great hurt in the end our Cannon leaving shooting his Majestie sent orders to set a partie of two hundred Musketiers a-shoare we that were Officers met together in the Admirall shippe and agreed to command out the partie and having cast Lots it fell on the Dutch they suspecting the danger delayed desiring the rest to command our alike which we refused seeing the Lot had falne upon them except his Majestie would give a second command for it thus contesting we goe together towards his Majestie to know his Majesties further resolution and
till I made them throw fresh water and then it was quenched having before read the like in Plutarch treating of the naturall causes And Venice seated on the sea hath beene often in danger of burning as Sabellicus writes in his sixt booke in the story of Venice where he reports that the Temple St Marke was almost all burnt and the Dukes Palace was preserved with great difficulty which verifies that fire and water are good servants but evill masters God make us thankefull for this deliverance and from many more since having beene in danger of fire water sword famine pestilence and from the cruelty of our enemies The fourteenth Duty discharged at Grottenbrode in Holsten THis Magnanimous King yet still preferring the good of his country before his owne rest and quiet with the hazard of his person landed againe in Holsten his forces not exceeding three thousand foote without horsemen of intention there to bring his Army together he drew out himselfe a Royall Leager with a strong Forte in the middest of it having the Isle of Feamer sufficiently provided of victualls and of Ammunition to furnish his Army during that Summer and leaving the most part of his strength a shipboard he advanced himselfe with a thousand men to a Dorpe called Grottenbrode a mile from the shore naturally well situated which might be put in defence with little paines to hold up an Army His Majesty having drawne the draught of the Retrenchment the Boores set to worke I with the English and two Dutch companies were made choise of to Guard his Majestie and the workemen the enemie lying strong with horse and foote within two miles of us The first nights watch was laid on me and my souldiers by breake of day a Corporall and twelve horsemen of the enemies were sent to try our watch or rather to betray us which were holden up by our outer centry who calling to the Guard the Guard taking Armes I directed a Sergeant and a Corporall with twelve musketiers to advance and to speake with those horsemen The enemies Corporall finding himselfe wrong pretended an excuse alleaging he was come to offer his service to his Majestie and then retired whereof incontinent I did informe his Majesty who presently considered he was a spie sent from the enemy before midday he returned with fifteene hundred horse and some Dragoniers our intrenchment not ready we draw to Armes his Majesty directing the two Dutch companies to beset the passes and finding his person in danger retired with a few musketiers and leaving me and the English being of equall strength to defend the Dorpe promising to provide me of amunition and to send us reliefe his Majesty thus retired I caused a barricade of waggons to be made a hundred paces without the Dorpe where I placed a Lievetenant and thirty musketieres giving him charge if the enemy should advance to discover or recognize then to give fire on them and not otherwise This done the rest of our Souldiers were placed for maintaining the entry of the Dorpe and the English were appointed as our reserve to lye at Armes to be in readinesse to second us the enemy finding us provided and their foote not being come up they stand in Battell and direct two Troupes of horse to try the passes meaning to come betwixt us and our ships to cut off our retreat but finding we had the passe beset with musketiers they were forced to retire backe with the losse of three horsemen By this time his Majesty did send Colonell Holck unto me being come loose from the enemy on Parole to solicite his Ransome to desire me if the enemy forced entrance unto the Dorpe that I should retire to the Church-yard which was but cold comfort so being his Majesty had no intention to relieve us and consequently at last we should be the enemies prisoners after losing of our Colours which grieved us most But I desired the Colonell to shew his Majesty that seeing I knew of no reliefe if the enemy pursued us hard I would choose rather to set the Dorpe on fire behinde us and then commit my selfe and the rest to the hazard of fortune in making our retreate rather then to become prisoners to the enemy The Colonell gone we pressing to make a faire shew of a slight game doubling our Guards before night and making great Guard-fires in view of the enemy his foote not come up and seeing our resolution he retired before night where incontinent we imbraced the opportunity and leaving some Dragoniers behinde us we retired to our ships giving orders to the Dragoniers to follow after us so soone as they thought we were safely retired Before midnight the enemy having gotten his foote joyned with him returned to the Dorpe and the next morning advances towards us till he was holden off by the fury of our Ordinance of the ships In the meane time his Majesty had above foure thousand Boores at worke finishing the Leager and royall Fort in the midest of it whereon were placed eight pieces of Cannon the Fort being higher then the Leager did command the fields about which being complete the two Dutch companies were left to maintaine the Fort and the rest had orders to ship their men and to retire to Lowland his Majesty having understood that the enemy had beleagerd Trailesound The second night after our going away the enemy coming to pursue the Fort the Dutch retire quitting the same and their Cannon also with the losse of fourescore men so that his Majesties paines taken in Holsten was in vaine the Dutch retiring from it unfoughten The foureteenth Observation IT is much to be lamented when Kings or great men preferre their owne ease and rest to the publique weale suffering it to be overthrowne on the contrary part it is worth much commendation when a King or a Prince undertakes toyle and travell of his body for the safety of his people to keepe them in quiet from imminent ruine with the hazard of his owne life preserving his subjects Therefore men ought to call to minde often the wise counsell of Pericles who said that when the publique state was ruin'd he that lived well at his ease for his owne particular should not escape unruin'd where on the contrary the publique state being well the poore feele the lesse discommodity and is comforted in some manner Caesar was of this opinion when he said unto his Captaines and Lievetenants no man could so well establish his condition as that it could not perish if the publique state were hurt But if the publique state did florish he might helpe and mitigate all the misery of all particular persons And the Emperour Antony called the Debonnaire was of that minde when he tooke away the pensions of some pensioners of the publique that did no service saying there was no people more cruell or more villanous then those that did eate up the publique Would to God this magnanimous King had done so with a number of his Commissaries
that had misguided his rich Treasure and were the undoing of his Army where they should rather have died then wronged their King and country and should rather have left by will and testament to their children an example of their fidelity and honesty then a rich Patrimony The Rogues the Commissaries did much differ in their love to their King and Country from that worthy gentleman of famous memory we reade of in our owne Stories called William Seaton who is worthily recorded of for his love to the publique preferring it to his owne children who being Governour of Barwicke he and his wife did choose rather to quit their owne lives and the lives of their children then to give over the place unto the English choosing rather to keepe it for the weale of the publique and for the honour of their King and Country preferring the publique-weale to their owne particular the story I neede not amplify being well knowne This Magnanimous King scorning the attempts of his enemies ceaseth not still to hazard his owne person and Crowne for the safety of his people for he trusted and confided so much in God that he knew well the Scepter was ordained for those that slighted it and not for those did cover it greedily as his enemies did Here also we see that the enemies forces being drawne towards Trailesound minding that way to come unto Denmark his Majesty was diverted from his resolution and was forced to joyne with Trailesound to make a defensive warre for the safety of his Country and people for if the enemy had gotten Trailesound he had an easie way to come into Denmark wherein there were no great strengths and getting shipping Artillary and Amunition whhereof his Majesty was well provided he had then the passe open unto Britaine when he pleased But he was wisely prevented by his Majesty and his Councell God bringing things to passe according to his secret decree and not according to the will of man Here also we see that it is the duty of a Generall lying neere an enemy to know all avenues well and betimes to beset them well with diligence and good watches for if this passe at Gottenbrode had not beene timely well beset his Majesty might have fallen into the enemies hands the passage being cut off betwixt his Majesty and the ships Also in all extremities it is the duty of Commanders to encourage their inferiours otherwise the passengers may be affraid if the Skipper or steers-man gives over as Commanders do looke to their owne credits so they ought to be carefull of their followers saferies The English and our Nation are good seconds one of another being abroade for commonly they take part one with another against any other Nation as happened here at Grotenbrode where I did see fifty English and Scots chase above a hundred Danes with swords into the sea deeper than their waste running into the Sea for their safeties whereupon there was a complaint made unto his Majesty by the Commissary on my Camerade Captaine Chamberlaine and me for not suppressing our Souldiers insolency from abusing of the Danes Souldiers The occasion of their quarrelling was the Danes Boores being commanded out for the Kings service and for the defence of their Countrey they had fortie dayes provision with them and being well furnished with dry Beefe and Bacon while as our Souldiers did get nothing but hard Bisket and Beere they devised that one coming behinde the Danes Souldiers for taking up his knapsacke while as another should cut the strings before and then to runne away with it this Stratagem being oft practised by the English and Scots against the Danes at last the Danes resolved being stronger in the fields than they both were to fight for their Knapsackes the occasion being offered they yoake or joyne with swords and fight in the Leager and the Danes were forced to give ground and to retire within the Sea for their safeties sundry on both sides being hurt their Officers appeased the Tumult and after Captaine Chamberlaine and I though innocent of the fault were mightily chidden by his Majestie his Majestie assuring us if the like happened againe he would punish us and not our Souldiers which made us afterwards looke more narrowly to their behaviour and carriage making them live more peaceable with their Camerades in not oppressing them for it is a hard time when one Wolfe eats up another The fifteenth Dutie discharged of our March from Lowland to Alzenheure and from thence to Trailesound by water THE eight of May 1628. I being at Copemanhagen soliciting for our Regiment orders were given unto me to be sent to Lowland and to Fune to make our Regiment march in all haste to Alzenheure and there to attend for their orders the orders I did direct to Captaine Mac-Kenyee commanding him to keepe good discipline in his March and strict being in his Majesties owne Land he receiving the orders breakes up the twelfth of May from Lowland and continues his March to the Randezvouz The Garrisons also in Funeland breake up the said day and continued their March towards their Randezvous On the March through Zeland Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Souldiers being quartered in a Dorpe the Boores take Armes stayd not to be led by their Officers but entered the skirmish with the Boores where at the first Salve foure of the Boores were killed dead and sundry hurt the rest flie away leaving the Dorpe to the Souldiersto be quartered in the blame of this accident was laid on the Commissary appointed for the Convoy who being absent was to answer for the wrong but the Commissary caused for revenge a Boores daughter to complaine on three Souldiers of Captaine Mac-Kenyee his Company alleaging they had all three forced her so that the Souldiers were apprehended conveyed in Irons to Copemanhagen to be examined there before the Generall Commissary the State-holder and me who being examined no proofe was found against them but accusations whereupon they were remitted to prison till further triall where there was an act made they should suffer no tryall except I were present Neverthelesse in my absence they were all three executed viz. Donald Rosse Iames Dumbarre and Alexander Caddell who went to death without acknowledging the fact still pleading their innocency The Lieverenant Colonell Alexander Seaton being then come from Holland was ordained by his Majestie in all haste to ship three Companies and to goe with them for the reliefe of Trailesound I being appointed to stay for the other Companies comming they being come to Alshenure were shipped also and arriving at Copemanhagen it behoved me in all haste to ship and follow the Lievetenant Colonell for reliefe of Trailesound being hard beleager'd where I entred the twenty-eight of May and was no sooner drawne up in the Market place but presently we were sent to watch at Franckendore to relieve the other Division that had watched three dayes and three nights together uncome off that being the weakest part of
was so much the greater that they err'd against the very lawes of hospitality being in their unthankefulnesse farre inferiour to Beasts For we reade that the Athenians did bring those guilty of unthankefulnesse before the Iustice to be punished and that justly because he that forgets a benefit received without making any satisfaction doth take away humane society without which the world could not subfis◠and therefore such Citizens as would not acknowledge the good received ought to be banished the City as unthankefull for a man evill in particular cannot be a good member of the publique as many villanous traitors were in this Towne of Trailesound during the Siege that for their particulars would have sold the Towne and the common good to their enemies such fellowes some of them were made slaves being not worthy the name of free Citizens and the Canon lawe makes the ungratefull the most detestable of all men And therefore they were cruelly punished To make then the ingratitude of the Citizens of Trailesound towards Souldiers the more odious I will inferre the Stories of Beasts here to accuse them Elian writes of a Dragon mindfull of the good done to him as these Rogues were not in these termes in his thirteenth booke In Achaia there was a Towne called Petra where a young boy did buy a Dragon very little feeding it diligently making of it playing with it and making it ly in his Bed till it became great and a Dragon in effect those of the place fearing some evill by it did cause it to be carried unto a desert the boy becoming a man also and certaine yeares after returning from a feast with some of his Camerads they met with Robbers and crying out for helpe there comes the Dragon running on the Robbers killing some putting the rest to flight saves the life of him that had done him good A memorable acknowledgment to convince those of Trailesound We may joyne to this story the memory of the Lion healed by Androt the Roman slave whose life afterwards the Lyon saved The story is written by Gellius and Elian and also now set out in verse by Dubartas in the sixt day of the first weeke Here also we may see the profit and benifit good order doth bring uno the observers of it though we thought hard not to be suffered to come off our Postes for our ordinary recreation nor yet to sleepe from our Postes we found at last the benefit redounded unto our selves for while as the enemy pursued us hard we were at hand to defend our selves and to maintaine our credits otherwise it had become of us as it became in the Swedens wars in Germany of Magdeburg on the Elve and of Franckeford on the Oder being both lost through negligence and carelesse watch which made much innocent bloud to have bin shed in both And therefore I cannot but praise the worth of my Lievetenant Colonell for his good order and strict discipline kept in Holke his absence being in Denmark at his wedding we being then in greatest danger of our enemies The seventeenth Dutie discharged of the storming of our Poast and of our losses and the enemies THe twenty sixth of Iune 1628 the Duke of Fridland Walenstine Generall to the Emperiall Army having come to visit the beleaguering and finding Felt Marshall Arnehem had line six weekes and not gotten it in the Generall being offended at his coming he did Recognosse the whole Towne and finding our Poast to be the weakest part thereof by reason of the situation and of the insufficiency of the workes the wall not exceeding the hight of a man he resolved to pursue it by storme swearing out of a passion he would take it in in three nights though it were hanging with Iron chaines betwixt the earth and the heavens But forgetting to take God on his side he was disappointed by him who disposeth of all things at his pleasure being the Supreme watch-man himselfe that neither slumbers nor sleepes We having then gotten intelligence of Walenstine his coming we look't the better unto our selves and having in the evening or twilight set out our Perdues we strengthened all our Poasts and we placed our by-watch in the Ravelin to be in readinesse as also I commanded foure score musketiers under the command of Captaine Hay to sit by their Armes and to be in readinesse to supply all defects might happen by a timely succours as they should be commanded likewise I caused to double all centries and so sitting downe to rest us we were passing the time by discourse betwixt ten and eleven a clocke at night when as our centry gives fire and calls us to our Armes at our rising we finde the enemy approaching above a thousand strong with a shoute Sa Sa Sa Sa Sa Sa thus it went on cheerefully and every man to his Station The worst was we had without a halfe moone unfinished where Ensigne Iohnston was with fifty musketiers that were forced to retire under ground one after another at a sorting Port where some were lost before their entry they being entred then begun our souldiers to make service and I give charge to Quarter Mr. Bruntfeild a valorous gentleman with a guard to keepe the enemy from entring at the sorting Port thus the service being hot on all quarters especially Mac-kenyees quarter being next the enemy was hardest prest where I having visited him did send him fifty musketiers of supply and then I did visite Lievetenant Beaton his Poast whom I found both carefull and vigilant in resisting the Enemies entry valiantly with his associats who were two capable Segeants called Embrey and Simpson who were both killed this night Then I did visit the Dutch quarters being betwixt me and the Ravelin which I thought to be in least danger The Cavalier their Captaine being a Beamish gentleman both stout and diligent the most part of his Souldiers the Dutch having left him he was much over-prest with the enemies them also I was forced to supply with fifty musketiers of our Nation under the command of Captaine Hay otherwise the enemy had fallen in betwixt us and the Raveline But this valorous gentleman the Beamish Captaine being killed Captaine Hay by his valour maintained the Poast till the fury of the enemy begun a little to settle In this time for one houre and a halfe the service being hot sundry were killed of us but three for one of the enemy which finding himselfe resisted with valour being relieved by a fresh supply of another thousand men set on more furiously then before where sundry of our Officers were shot as Lievetenant Beaton Ensigne Dumbarre Lievete nant Arburthnot quarter Mr. Bruntfield my selfe divers others were killed as Sergeant Mac-kenyee Sergeant Young Mōsieur Gordon Monsieur Stewart Monsieur Tullough all gentlemen of my Colonells company with divers more and Captaine Mac-kenyee was also shot favourably a thwart the Belly and I being wearied and growne stiffe with my wounds being helpt off did meete
served well 72 T. A Cavalier ought patiently to attend his preferment 3 B. Continency in all things is most necessary for a Souldier 25 X. Men ought patiently to undergoe their Crosses and not to despaire as some did in Denmarke 86 He that thinkes on deaths Casuality ought neither to be carelesse nor covetous 86 V. Cowards may be compared to dogs that doe barke more then bite 70 P. The Cruelty was great the enemy used in harming the dead and innocent 40 K. D. It is a worthy and brave enterchange when men attaine unto eternall fame and glory after Death for a temporall Death 41 L. The strictnesse of Discipline is the conservation of an Army 36 G. It were impossible to make Boores and Souldiers agree together without the strictnesse of Military Discipline 62 F. It is never good in plenty to Disdaine Souldiers lest in adversity they may prove unusefull 2 A. The observance of Discipline is the maintaining of Kingdomes Cities and Common-wealths 69 O. Dumbarre renowned in despite of envy 13 L. It is the Duty of valorous Commanders to care for the buriall of the slaine though their enemies 25 Y. We are Drowned in the mud of vice and slothfulnesse while we want businesse and have no foe to awe us 46 T. E. An English Cavalier being deadly wounded retired bravely at Keel 55 B. Ensignes six of Scots shot at Ouldenburg 18 Q. A rare Example of strength and courage in Ensigne David Monro 21 S. Emulation of Superiours by example groweth amongst inferiours 37 H. The whole Officers were hurt except one Ensigne Ihonston 68 M. He that wilfully continues an Enemy teacheth his enemy to doe him a mischiefe if he can 77 A. Though the Enemy be unworthy reconcile with him to be freed of his scandalous tongue 77 A. The Enemy studies all the plots of our ruine and the danger is ever most that is least seene 77 Experience teacheth that neither Fly Bee nor Waspe can harme those that are healed of the sting of Scorpions 22 T. The best Exhortation a Leader can give Souldiers is to shew himselfe valorous 23 W. Enemies prove oftimes good pedagogues setting both death and judgment before us 66 K. F. Feare doth put us in a more horrid habit then any enemy can doe 22 F. It is not good to Feele the ill of the sturdy popular having once loosed the reine 48 W. Friends that are trusty the best companions of danger 14 M. To be a Follower of the popular sort is a vaine thing 50 Y. The Foote is alwayes more usefull in warres and lesse chargable then Horse 23 W. Fortune having crossed his Majesty of Denmarke in his warres abroade brought the sword of his enemies within his owne Kingdome 29 A. G. The Germans are commonly friends to the victorious et e contra 16 O. Germans of old did sing going on service 70 P. Those that thirst after Gold let them bring it valiantly from afarre to supply the poore at home or to decore and enrich their Country 72 S. A man is glad to come off with credit being hurt as I was at Trailsound where I thought to be slaine 75 Y. Ill Gotten gaines is farre worse then losses with preserved honesty 31 D. Gentlemen three of my Colonells Company slaine at Trailsound Gordon Stewart and Tullough 68 M. H. Honour compared to a chaste made 31 D. Happie are those that travell in well-doing for when the paines are gone then doe they enjoy the pleasure 63 G. Hugh Murray his brother being slaine would not carry him off till he had beene revenged and then himselfe shot in the Eye the Bullet came out at his Nose 23 V. Hector Monro being shot in one foot would not retire till first he emptied his Bandeliers and being shot then through the other foote was carried off by others 23 V. We ought never to glory too much in peace or prosperitie as the Holsteners did but rather to prevent the worst 28 The Highland Souldier his predictive Dreame seene at Trailsound 75 Z. I. A just cause and a just deputation is that which gives the minde securitie And he dyeth well that dyeth fighting for a just cause 53 Iustice the strictest that is observed amongst Souldiers 44 S. An Isles Gentleman being deadly wounded did swimme with his Cloaths and wounds to escape the fury of his Enemies 32 D. K. As forraine Kings make use of Cavaliers in their need so they ought with reason if not rewarded make their retreat to their King and Master being disdained without respect 25 X. Our Knowledge is of none effect without assurance in God through Christ 5 E. The King of Denmark deserved praise for enterprising the warre though the successe was not answerable 30 B. The King of Denmark commended for his care 32 E. The King of Denmark contrary to feare through his valour did cast a kinde of honour upon God confiding in his care onely 35 F. The King of Denmark did establish his Throne in despite of his Enemies 35 F. Kings are but servants though more splendid for the Common-wealth 35 F. The Kings Majestie of Denmark commended 43 O. The King of Denmark did comfort his Officers after their losse sustained before KEEL 29 A. Kings are kept and guarded from eminent danger by the Lord. 29 A. A King or a Prince that undertakes toyle and travell in his body for the safetie of his people is commendable 59 D. L. Lievetenant Colonell Arthur Forbesse dyed in Holstein 1 A. A Leaders dutie set downe at large 8 G. Lievetenant Martin killed at Bisenburg-Skonce 11 I. Lievetenant Hugh Rosse having lost his leg wished he had a woodden Leg. 17 P. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton shot at Ouldenburg 18 Q. A Lievetenant and thirteen Souldiers killed with one shot of Cannon 65 K. The Love of horses wonderfull to their Masters 30 C. Lievetenant Colonell Seaton commended for keeping strict Discipline 66 L. Lindesey of Bainshow a valorous Cavalier received three dangerous wounds at Trailsound 78 C. Lievetenant Lumsdell in time of hot service desired Colonell Holk being retiring to stay and to see if the Scots durst fight 79 D. M. Major Dumbar his custome commendable going on service 40 L. The Majestie of a King ought never to be denyed by his subjects in things indifferent 1 A. Major Wilson his over-sight in making his Accord lost his Colours 12 K. The meanest things doe helpe against the Enemy as the casting of sand and Bee-hives 13 L. Murdo Poulson killed at Ouldenburg by the Cannon 18 Q. Mutiny should ever be detestable in all estates as amongst Souldiers 48 W. The multitude tumultuous hath more changes than the deepe Sea in a tempest hath waves 24 X. The Makelesse the Sweden Ship by report did carry two hundred pieces of Ordnance 56 C. No Menagrie comparable to that which spares the lives of men 63 G. N. A Nation being enemies to vice and glad in their povertie they may haply remaine unconquered 72 S. O. Officers
with the manner of our hard landing and of our happy successe after landing as likewise disiring to know his Majesties will how I should behave my selfe in those Quarters the Enemy being strong and I very weake his Majesty returned for resolution unto me that I should doe my best to fortifie and beset the passes that were betwixt me and the Enemy and to keepe good watch and good order over the Soldiers and not to suffer them to wrong the Country people whom I should presse to keepe for my Friends This Order being come I begun with the Country Boores first to fortifie the Passages without me and next to make Skonces and Redoubts without the Towne as also to repaire the Fortifications about the Castle and in cleansing of the Mote that it might be deeper of water the other parts also without me I brought under Contribution to his Majestie by sending parties of Dragoniers athwart the Country in Hinder Pomerne betwixt me and Dantsicke being twenty Dutch mile in length which all in short time I did bring under contribution to his Majesty As also the Enemy having had a Magazin of Corne at Rougenvalde and Stolpe by our landing here was made good for his Majesties use and his Army Being thus busied for a few dayes another ship of the same Fleet being long beaten with the tempest at Sea at last was forced for scarcety of victuals to Anker on the same Coast being foure hundred men of Colonel Fretz Rossa his Regiment of Dutch his Lieutenant Colonell called Tisme Howsne did come ashore intreating me to supply him with victuals which I did In the meane time he asked my advice if he might land his Soldiers there I told him I had no counsell to give him seeing there was no necessity of his landing and which was more his Orders were to land at another part so that he had to advise whether he should follow his Orders or for second respects if hee might neglect his Orders so that on all hasards he landed his people also which were quartered with me in the Towne Shortly after he would conrest with me for command which bred a coldnesse betwixt us Whereupon I again advertised his Majestie of our difference defiring his Majesty might dispose of the Command his Majesty offended with the other did send an absolute warrant unto me to command him and the whole Garrison at my pleasure for the well of his Majesties service during our being there where we remained nine weekes fighting and skirmishing with the enemie till Sir Iohn Hepburne with his Regiment was sent by his Excellence the Rex Chancellor from Spruce to relieve us The First Observation HAving thus by the providence of God happily landed againe on the faire fertill and spacious Continent of Dutchland with a handfull of old experimented Soldiers able to endure all misery toile or travell being valourous to undertake any perill or danger they were to be commanded upon being led by such a Generall as GUSTAVUS the Invincible their new Master was under whose command and conduct as their supreame Leader and me as his Majesties and my Colonels inferiour Officer they marched from the Coast of Pomerne out of Rougenvalde through Dutchland unto the foot of the Alpes in Schawbland This City of Rougenvalde in Pomerne lyes midway betwixt Dantsicke and Statine being alike distant twenty Dutch mile from both and is a pleasant seate being one of the Duke of Pomerne his chiefe Residence not distant above one English mile from the Sea it doth abound in Corne Fruit and store Cattell Horses of good breed Fishponds and Parkes for Deere and pastorage whereof it hath enough where we were nobly entertained and kindly welcommed of the inhabitants especially of the Captaine and his civill Bed-fellow to whom under God we were beholden for our fafeties the Remembrance whereof we ate bound never to forget Here I did remarke as wonderfull that in the very moment when our ship did breake on ground there was a Sergeants Wife a shipboard who without the helpe of any women was delivered of a Boy which all the time of the tempest she carefully did preserve and being come ashore the next day she marched neere foure English mile with that in her Armes which was in her Belly the night before and was Christened the next Sunday after Sermon being the day of our thankesgiving for our Deliverance our Preacher Mr. Murdow Mac-kenyee a worthy and Religious yong man having discharged his part that day after with much regrate did sever from us and followed my Lord of Rhee our Colonell unto Britaine Being thus escaped from danger of sea and from our enemies I did keepe the Soldiers ever exercised in watching in working in parties against our enemies lest that resting from Hostile employment they should become seditious immodest and turbulent and to this effect when they were not employed in parties against the enemies I sent them by parties in the Country on Militarie execution to bring the possessors under Contribution to his Majesty making them hate and renounce the Emperialists whom formerly they were forced to obey so that by this meanes the Country was brought into subjection to the King and my Soldiers were put under as good discipline and command as any served his Majesty which discipline made their concinuance the longer in the service where it was rare to finde one Regiment in an Armie that did change so many Officers as they did in foure yeares as the Observations on their duties will cleare to the world in despight of their Enviers whatsoever But I hope no worthy spirit or Hereicke minde will thinke an evill thought of the vertuous We may see here that in the greatest extremities both Officers and Soldiers have greatest need of Courage and Resolution For nothing should seeme hard to daring men that are of courage which never doth beget but the opinion and censure of vertue For we see at this time that to dare was the beginning of victory being better to hazard to save our selves and others then to be the instrument to lose us all by flying as some of our Officers advised me at our landing to march backe to Dantsicke which if we had the enemy getting intelligence he could with ease overtake us and cut us all off as he did some yeeres before cut off in the same Country three Regiments of Dutch who were going to serve his Majesty against the Pole Here also I found by experience that the stedfast and invincible vigour of the minde rising against crosses doth helpe much especially where necessity requireth such resolution For being in the greatest extremity of danger resolving with God I thought as my safest course to bide Gods leysure I sate on the Gallerie of the ship being assured it would be the last part that would remaine together of the whole and being so neere land I was never dejected and cast downe nor did I doubt of our safe landing seeing we had victuals and were in
hope the storme would not continue being in the middest of August Here we may see by this Christian advertisement that no part of our life is exempted or freed from griefe or sorrow But on the contrary we are exposed to all kinde of miseries and troubles so that we see that children doe sucke with the milke of their Nurses certaine beginnings of the evill to come our misery growing as doth our age and we see it true for the godly they sigh and groane under the burthen of their adversities having no comfort they can enjoy but out of the written word of God a fruit whereof the wicked hath no part Therefore they sayd well who said that Philosophicall precepts were not so powerfull to heale the wounds of the soule as are those of the word of God Men of our profession ought ever to be well prepared having death ever before their Eyes they ought to be the more familiar with God that they might be ever ready to embrace it not caring a rush for it when it came doing good while they may For now we flourish in an instant we wither like Grasse now we stand presently we fall our life carrying with it when we received it the seed of death and that which did begin our life doth open the doore to it to goe away For in our birth our end did hang at our beginning and according to the custome of that worthy Emperour our actions should be ever before our eyes as if presently we were to appeare in Iudgment before the Eternall our God and that cry should never depart out of our eares cryed unto Philip King of Macedon Philippe memento mori Philip remember thou must die For man shall never behave himselfe as he ought in this World except at all times he have death before his eyes thinking on the houre and moment of his departure alwayes contemning the Exteriour things of this World giving himselfe unto the inward cogitations that doe profit the soule and the life thereof rejoycing beyond all things in the Testimony of a good Conscience The second Dutie discharged of our march from Rougenvalde to Colberg and from thence to Shivel-beane and of our service there SIr Iohn Hepburne being sent with his Regiment from Spruce to relieve us I was ordained with my Folks to march before Colberge where Generall Major Kniphowsen did command in the Blockering thereof which I did and being come there a Poaste was assigned for us to watch at In the meane time the Generall Major getting intelligence that the enemies Army lying at Gartts and Griffinbawgen on the Oder had intention to relieve Colberge and so being in his march he must needs passe by the Towne and Castle of Shevelbeane in the Marke being a passe distant but five miles from Colberge he thought expedient to Recognosce the place by sending of Colonell Hepburne thither with a Troope of Horsemen for his guard and convoy who having seene the place advised Kniphowsen to beset it with a Garrison being of consequence to hold up the Enemy if he should march thereon with the Army whereupon I was made choise of with my Folks to beset it being sent for in the night to breake up and to march thither in all haste I had command to speake with Kniphowsen in my going for receiving further Orders The Companies marched by I following my Orders desired to know what the Generall Major had to command me who gave me Orders in writing I should march thither and in case the enemy should pursue me I should fight to the last man and not to give over the Castle though I should be forced to quit the Towne Receiving Orders for some Ammunition I tooke leave of Kniphowsen and continued my march to Shevelbean then layd almost waste with Pestilence the Inhabitants being fled away I had slight quarters for my Soldiers which being quartered having visited the Towne and Castle I appointed the manner of our Watch and did beset the Poastes from our Guards which were kept both in the Towne and on the Castle and then I sent Orders to the Boores of the Graveshaft to come in the next day with Spades Shovels and Axes for to repaire the workes that were almost ruined being a scurvie hole for any honest Cavalier to maintaine his credit by Before my comming two Troopes of Bawtees Horsemen viz. Major Roustene and Long-fretts were quattered there who getting intelligence the Army was to march upon me being Horsemen quit the Garrison to our selves and took them to the Fields to joyne with their Colonels Regiment being neere hand so that our Quarters thus enlarged we were glad to be rid of their trouble as they were to eschew the Enemies comming serving better in the Fields then they could doe within Walles The Horsemen gone I was evill sped for being put on such a place with such orders appointed to fight to the last man where no Cavalier with credit could hold out twenty foure houres being pursued by an Army except the Lord extraordinarily would shew mercy Neverthelesse getting three dayes longer continuation before the enemies comming we did worke all of us night and day till we had Stacketed the Wall about the height of a man above the Parapet having made a breast-worke of earth within the Walles round about with Traverses within for cleering out the Enemy if he had entered at a breach our Work ended and our Ports Ranforced with Earth to resist the force of Pittards we see in the afternoone the Enemies squadrons of Foot and Horse about eight thousand strong marching unto us having Artillery conforme we finding them marching within reach I caused to salute them with two small shot wherewith a Rut-master and a Lievtenant of horse were killed which made the rest march out of distance The Army drawne up in Battell without reach of our Canon they sent a Trumpeter summoning us to a treatie he was answered we had no such Orders but we had Powder and Ball at their service Whereupon they commanded a Captaine with a hundred and fiftie musketiers towards the Porte directing proportionally to the rest of the Portes our souldiers in the beginning before the Portes killed of them above thirtie souldiers and two Livetenants I not being able to maintaine the Towne retired with my folke on the Castle I being retired the Burgers made up set open the Portes to the enemie giving him entrance who did bring in his whole Artillerie and Amunition to the market place and then sent to mee a Drummer to see if I would render up the Castle upon good conditions then they were in my power but if not I should have no quarters afterwards They got their first Answer againe and then the service beginnes anew on both sides and they begunne before night to plant their Batteries within fourtie pace of our walles which I thought too neere but the night drawing on wee resolved with fire workes to cause them remove their quarters and their
Artillerie Having thrown some fiery Granades on the houses and seeing they wrought no effect I hired a stout souldier with a Pike to reach a firye Ball I had made upon the top of the next house that lay to the Castle which in the end was fired so that the whole street did burne right alongst betwixt us and the enemy who was then forced to retire both his Cannon and souldiers and not without great losse done unto him by our souldiers by meanes of the fire-light where other two Officers and eighteene of their souldiers were killed The day cleering up I fell out after with fourescore Musketiers and tooke thirteene Crabbats prisoners The Army leaving us for that time they marched forwards for the releefe of Colberg and I retired to the towne to comfort the Burgers for their losse sustained by the fire caused through necessitie having no other meanes to escape our enemies fury I being retired to the Castle and the enemy marching to Colberg having made up eighteene Dragoniers to march after the enemy for bringing me intelligence if his Majesties forces from Statin were come betwixt the enemie and Colberg my party retiring shewes that the field Marshall Gustave Horne and Colonell Mackey that cōmanded the cōmanded musketiers were joyned with Kniphousen Bawtish and Sir Iohn Hepburne and were lying over-night before a passage betwixt the enemy and Colberg The next morning being darke till nine aclock with a thick mist the horsemen charging one another they came in confusion on both sides being affrighted alike retired from each others with the losse of fourescore men on both sides The particulars whereof I will not set downe having not seene the service though I was within hearing of their Cannon and Muskets both Two horsemen of Bawtish Regiment that had charged through the enemy came and reported to me openly in presence of many souldiers that the Swedens were all beaten I being offended at the manner of their report I caused to imprison both the horsemen till I knew greater certainty and calling my souldiers together I was prepared for the enemies returne But he passing by a mile from us I sent Dragoniers to cut off his passage giving them charge to cut off the Bridges but his Dragoniers being there before mine to be quit of their ill my Dragoniers returned againe in safetie allowing passage to their enemies within few dayes after having escaped this inconvenience I was recalled from thence by his Majesties order to joyne with the Felt-marshall Horne then at Griffinberg with a party of the Armie where before my departing I took an Attestation from the Amptman of the Castle of the good order and Discipline that was kept by vs there And being glad I was rid with credit of such a place I marched to Griffenberg to finde the Felt-Marshall The second Observation THe fore-sight of a wise Commander availes much in preventing the intentions of our Enemies First in besetting the passages through which he might come upon us which doth hinder his march in giving us the longer time to bee prepared for his comming Next the farther our wings are spred without us our Body is the better guarded by good intelligence Thirdly by this meanes wee can the better provide our Army with thinges necessary Fourthly the passages without being kept they being next the Enemy wee can have the more timely advertisement of our enemies designes so soone as they are hatched This Cavaliere Kniphowsen though hee was unfortunate he had both the Theorie and Practick befitting a Commander whom once I did heare say that one Ounce of good Fortune was to be preferred before a Pound weight of Wit which hee knew well by his owne experience and to my knowledge though hee was unfortunate himselfe yet Cavalieres under his command could learne by him much good order and discipline And though in his life-time hee loved not our Country-men Neverthelesse for the love I carried to his vertues I would not omit to make mention of his worth No feare of danger or death can be an excuse to a man to serve the Publique in his calling Before I was commanded to enter this Towne the Infection was great yet none of us did forbeare to converse with the Sicke though daily examples of mortality were frequent amongst us for on our Watches wee knew not the cleane from the foule Neverthelesse it behoved us all to passe on our duties as wee were commanded and though I know no reason for it fewer Souldiers dyed of the infection than Burgers Yet one rare Sparke being a resolute fix Souldier with a Musket as ever I commanded dyed here of the Pest called Andrew Monro who being but Eighteene yeares of age though little of stature no toyle nor travell could overset him and as hee was stoute so he was merry and sociable without offence such another was his Cozen Iohn Monro Kilternies grand-child who dyed of a burning Feaver being alive without feare before his Enemy and of a merry and quicke disposition I made onely mention of their names because they lived vertuously and dyed with farre more credit then if they had dyed at home where their names had never bin recorded for their worth and vertues It is the duty of a Commander to whom a Frontier Garrison is put in trust timely to fore-see all wants and defects about the place hee is trusted with as to repaire the workes to provide it with victuals with powder with Ball Match and Armes for it were not good hee had his materials to seeke when hee is resolved to begin his worke Likewise his workmen if they bee not sufficiently furnished before-hand he will be forced to dismisse them before his worke be credibly ended his over-seers must be also good and diligent otherwise there may bee too many crevises in their building and he himselfe must give good example in overseeing all and in fore-seeing of all inconveniences not trusting unto others to discharge those duties hee is bound to discharge himselfe and in case of extremity of danger hee must ever bee the first himselfe to looke unto it and the last in comming from it otherwise hee can neither maintaine the place nor his credit Hee must also be very modest and secret in not revealing the dangers hee fore-sees but be amending of them for feare to discourage others Likewise wee see here that it is alike with a Commander keeping a strength sometimes as it is with a body whereof some members are infected with a Canker that to preserve the body they must resolve to lose a member as it was with us at this time being forced to burne a part of the Towne to preserve the rest and our selves otherwise all must have beene lost But God favouring us by the winde that obeyeth when hee commandeth and the Element of the Fire also supplying the defect wee had of Water in our Graffe being but dry on that side wee were guarded with fire in stead of water and that bravely
defender but rather according to the time and circumstances sometimes to try Fortune as well by pursuing as by defending that our credit may not be called in question neither for too much slownesse nor for too much forwardnesse but still to presse for the Medioerity being the true vertue of Fortitude without which no Souldier can attaine commendation if he doe participate of either extreames as this Felt-marshall did staying within walles Yet some I know will object that I ought rather to praise the actions of the enemy to make ours the more glorious to which I answer ours at all times as here were so splendid that no Lustre could be added unto them our Leader Gustavus being Illustrissimus himselfe and the favourite of Fortune to whom all things succeeded fortunatly by taking of time the most pretious of all things especially in warres which sometimes helpes as much as vertue it selfe The forwardnesse and courage of Major Iohn Sinclaire and of his Colleague Lievetenant Heatlie is not to be over-past they being the first gave good example to enter this Towne in going over the walles with ladders with a weake party of fifty musketiers that ventured to follow them which were hardly received by the enemies horsemen neverthelesse they valorously defended themselves and made their enemies to retire with losse so that as my intention here is not to over-praise my friends vertue I would not on the other part be filent in giving them their due answerable to their merits and no more We see also by experience dayly that at all times as here no man ever served God for nought who rewardeth men though not through merit in respect of his God-head of whom we can merit nothing yet of his infinit bounty is ever ready to reward them truely that doe serve him his Majesty with his Army having served God in the morning at night he was made victorious over his enemies And that his Majesty in the afternoone on the Sabboth pursued his enemies there was a necessity in it Generall Tillies Army being on their march for the reliefe of the Towne his Majesty was forced to take the opportunity of time which once being past doth never returne Here we may see the evill that seare bringeth within a City or Strength causing disorder and confusion but if all those within this Towne had stood to their defence as Lievetenant Colonell Butler did and the Irish Francford had not bin taken Therefore when resistance is not made as it ought to be the victory is easily attained for nothing encourageth more then good example Et contra And I did observe here that no nation esteemed good Souldiers are inferiour to the Dutch in maintaining a storme or in extremity of danger they being otherwise good Souldiers for obedience to command in watches marches working about workes and in doing all other dueties befitting their profession being in company of others Pike-men being resolute men shall be ever my choyce in going on execution as also in retiring honourably with disadvantage from an enemy especially against horsemen and we see oftimes as we found here that when musketiers doe disbandon of greedinesse to make booty the worthy pike-men remaine standing firme with their Officers guarding them and their Colours as being worthy the glorious name of brave Souldiers preferring vertue before the love of gold that vanisheth while vertue remaineth This vice of avarice is alike common to the superiour Officer and to the inferiour Souldier which oftimes makes the superiour to be despised as well by the common Souldier as by his betters And therefore publique imployments of command should never be given to such greedy persons for as sparing in a private person is commendable being done without hurt to another even so the vertue of liberality is due to him that is publiquely imployed as also he ought to have splendor in his carriage and not to give evill example to others his inferiours if once he be honoured with command in leading of others I must then againe condemne this kinde of avarice that makes men for booty abandon their Colours and their duety they being the cause of times of the overthrow of their worthy Camerades standing to fight when they were employed in making of booty for which many time they are contemned and their money taken from them by the multitude with disgrace and danger of their lives for though sometimes they make booty they have not the fortune to enjoy it one quarter of an houre thanking God to be rid of it with their lives though not with their credits It is the duety of valiant Commanders and of brave Souldiers when ever fire entreth into a City strength or Leager suddenly with their Armes to repaire to their Colours lest at such times the enemy being neere hand should be ready to take advantage but here the baser sort of Souldiers neither for obedience to his Majesties command nor for love of their Officers nor of their owne credits would stirre to attend their Colours though the enemy had shewed himselfe to pursue the City Here also the enemy was to blame for leaving provision and Amunition behinde them whose duety it was rather to destroy it by fire or water then to leave it to their enemies But we see there is no counsell against the Lord invented by man able to worke blessed be his name for ever The ninth Dutie discharged of the intaking of Laudsberg on the Wert by accord THE fifth of Aprill 1631. his Majesty having left Francford on the Oder well beset under the command of Generall Major Lesly who had direction to see the fortifications repaired as likewise Generall Bannier was left to command over the Army his Majesty having taken two and twenty hundred commanded musketiers eight hundred horsemen twelve peece of Cannon great and small with Amunition answerable with spades shovels and axes where the Colonell of the Artillery called Leonard Richardson was commanded to goe with them for to attend his charge As also Colonell Hepburne was commanded to leade the party and I was sent as Lievetenant Colonell to second him in this employment Colonell Hepburne having viewed the party and taken notice that all things were in good order commanded the party to march having had a blacke-smith that dwel't at Landsberg for our guide we continued our march the first day being come within foure miles of the Towne we quartered at a passe on the high way and the next morning breaking up we marched forwards till on the way our fore troopes did meete with a Regiment of Crabbats where after long skirmish and losse sustained by both the parties in th' end the Colonell that led the Crabbats being deadly wounded retired to the Towne casting off all bridges behinde them which hindered us for a day The eight of Aprill we lay downe before a skonce royall built on a strong passe betwixt us and the Towne This skonce well fortified was well provided of Cannon It had also a wide
consideration of the situation of the place being on the one side fortified by nature yet beyond nature and probabilitie of reason This strong Garrison was forced to yeeld to Gustavus who was Mars his Minion and Fortunes Favourite or rather their Master as we see by his frequent Victories obtained against his enemies who though strongest are made to submit to the weakest partie where we may see that as industry is fruitfull so there is a kinde of a good Angell as it were waiting ever upon diligence carrying a Lawrell in his hand to crowne her And therefore it was that they said of old that Fortune should not be prayd unto but with hands in motion which made this valiant King love ever to be busied in vertues exercise befitting a Generall that carried a minde as this Invincible King did while he lived still rising to blessednesse and contentation It is commonly seene that those who feare least are commonly overcome as became of Francford on the Oder and this Towne also and though victory we see be from God yet to overcome an enemy the courage and skill of Commanders is very requisit and necessary And where good military discipline is observed as was done here there confidence doth arise perswading us we can doe what we please Of this opinion was our Leader and our Armie never doubted of their owne valour nor of their Leaders good Conduct which made our Victories the easier to be gotten Here also we see the goodnesse of intelligence for had his Majestie not gotten the Black-smith or some other like unto him to have beene intelligencer and guide to winne through the shallow Trinkets he led us to the Damme upon the head of their Watch who were surprized hardly could we have overcome this Towne on such a sudden for without this good of intelligence which is so necessary and of so great a moment in warres nothing or very little can be effectuated in unknowne places For good Intelligencers are so requisit in an Armie that no meanes ought to bespared on them providing they be trustie for one designe or secret of our enemies well knowne may bring all the rest we desire to a wished end or at least preserve us and ours from danger This Black-smith that was our guide in leading us towards our enemy at our first on-going on service the enemy playing hard with Muskets neverthelesse he went on without feare under-taking alike danger with our selves but finding in time of hot service some falling besides him our powder being a little wet and not giving so good report as the enemies did he then said he would returne to his Majestie and send us better powder yet I thinke though here there did appeare some lacke of constant resolution in him that time exercise and frequency of danger would make him a brave fellow being of a strong and a good able body but in my opinion the stoutest of men till they be a little acquainted with the furious noise of the Cannon will naturally feare and stoope at the first Likewise his Majestie was to be commended for his diligence by night and by day in setting forwards his workes for he was ever out of patience till once they were done that he might see his Souldiers secured and guarded from their enemies for when he was weakest he digged most in the ground for in one yeare what at Swede Francford Landsberg Brandenburg Verbum Tannermonde Wittenberg and Wirtzburg he caused his Souldiers to worke more for nothing than the States of Holland could get wrought in three yeares though they should bestow every yeare a Tunne of gold and this he did not onely to secure his Souldiers from the enemy but also to keepe them from idlenesse When they were not employed on service they were kept by good discipline in awe and obedience and that with as great moderation love and discretion as could be And his Majestie knew well that our Nation was of that nature that they could take to heart the austere carriage of their Commanders were they never so good For while as sometimes through his Majesties impatiencie he would cause to imprison some of our Country-men without solicitation his Majestie was ever the first did minde their liberties for he knew their stomacks were so great that they would burst or starve in prison before they would acknowledge an errour committed against their Master except it were of negligence Moreover nothing can more discourage a Citie Fort or Strength that is beleaguered than when they see their secrets discovered and their passages from reliefe cut off as it was seene of those that yeelded up the Skonce to Sir Iohn Hepburne being contented to come in the Colonells mercy seeing themselves barred from all reliefe Likewise the dutie of Leaders that lead men on service ought to be limited with discretion and not to advance further than with conveniency they may retire againe if need be lest by too farre advancing they not onely indanger themselves but also ingage others for their reliefes to indanger all and a fault committed in this kinde through too much forwardnesse merits a harder censure than remissenesse with discretion seeing in the latter a man is but censured alone but committing the former errour he loseth himselfe and others Here also we found by experience that the spade and the shovell are ever good companions in danger without which we had lost the greatest part of our followers Therefore in all occasions of service a little advantage of ground is ever profitable against horse foote or Cannon And for this it was that the best Commanders made ever most use of the spade and the shovell and that in such ground as was found most commodious for their safeties We see also here his Majesties disposition in entertaining his Officers kindly after victory esteeming them not as servants but as companions in his mirth as a wise Master ought and should doe to those he findes obedient to his Commandements incouraging them another time to undergoe any service or danger for his sake that was so kinde and familiar with them joyning their hearts as well with his love as with his bountie for he knew well nothing was more able to bring victory next under God than good Commanders As also his Majestie knew that to be courteous unto his Officers was the way to triumph over his enemies The tenth Dutie discharged of our March to Berlin and from thence to Spandaw and backe to Botsaw THE eighteenth of Aprill 1631. the enemy being marched out of Landsburg towards Gloge his Majestie having beset Landsburg with a Garrison we marched backe to Francford on the Oder where we did rest us with the Armie till the twenty-ninth of Aprill during which time there were Ambassadours going mutually betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Brandenburg at last having condescended on some points his Majestie brake up with the Armie and marched towards Berlin and were quartered by the way at a passe called Pance being
going in their best Apparell and Armes to be painted where nothing was defective the eye could behold This shew seene by his Majestie and his Officers his Majestie returning the Duke with his followers did convey his Majestie to the sight of our Armie which being called to their Armes having lyen over-night on a parcell of plowd ground they were so dusty they looked out like Kitchin-servants with their uncleanely Rags within which were hidden couragious hearts being old experimented blades which for the most part had overcome by custome the toyle of warres yet these Saxons gentry in their bravery did judge of us and ours according to our out-sides thinking but little of us neverthelesse we thought not the worse of our selves The ceremony past we were all remitted to take rest for that night in our former quarters the next morning by breake of day we were called up to march where both our Armies were ordained to march on severall streets one Randezvouz being appointed for us at night within a mile and a halfe of the enemies Armie where being come to our Randezvouz by foure a clocke in the after-noone and drawne up in battaile our guards drawne out to watch were directed to their Postes and then we resting by our Armes as we were in battaile we slept lying where we stood that in case of a Alarum we were not to be found in disorder being ready to fight where we stood Immediately after the Armie was setled in Quarters newes was come to his Majestie in poste that the Castle of Leipsigh was given over by accord to the enemy As also that Generall Tilly with a mightie and strong Armie was come a mile from Leipsigh and was preparing for a Fight which newes did no wayes alter his Majesties countenance being resolved before for the like to have sought him to Fight So that being both willing and so neare it was easie bringing them together our baggage was appointed to goe backe to Diben our horse and foote watches were strengthened and we were in readinesse and refreshing first our bodies with victualls we slept till the next morning The fifteenth Observation NOthing earthly is more pleasant to be seene than to see brethren in Christ conjoyned against Gods enemies for advancing of the glory of God in promoting of his Gospell and for setting at libertie those poore soules our brethren in Christ that were kept long under the yoke and tyranny of the house of Austria and the Catholique League their mortall enemies Who would not then for their liberties that were banished that they might one day retire to their possessions who would not I say be willing yea more who would not rejoyce having such a Leader as Gustavus was to hazard their lives for the weale of the publique yea more for the promoting of Christs Gospell Surely for mine owne part I was most willing and wished long to have seene a day wherein I might hazard my life in this quarrell in being one of the number of Fighters before I did come at it for many reasons but especially for the libertie of the daughter of our dread Soveraigne the distressed Queene of Bohemia and her Princely Issue next for the libertie of our distressed brethren in Christ and thirdly for my better instruction in the profession of Armes which is my calling for having before seene many occurrences that did belong to our Calling I longed to have seene a Battaile fought in the Fields in such a quarrell being led by such a magnanimous King of Heroick spirit that had much more on hazard that day than I had who had onely to hazard but my life and credit while as he a King was to hazard his life his Crowne his reputation and all for strangers Having thus the night before meditated I found a motion rejoycing my heart in making mee resolute to fight in this Cause being tied in dutie not onely for my person but also tied to give Counsaile and direction as the Lord did enable mee by giving instruction good heartning and good example to others who were bound to follow mee as I was bound to follow my Master the King seeing the Lord by his providence had brought mee thither with a number of my friends to follow and obey him as they were bound by oath to obey mee And then I thought with my selfe after I had awaked from sleepe going on to march that my life was much like a tale and that we should not care how long this life of ours should last but that wee should bee carefull how well our life should bee acted for it is no matter where wee end if wee end well and we should not aske when or where but we ought to bee ever mindfull how wee are prepared going to fight Nature did beget us miserable we live over-burthened with cares and like a flower wee vanish soone away and dye Our hunting then here and our care should bee onely for a perpetuall good name to leave behind us that so being absent wee are present and being dead wee live The sixteenth Duty discharged on our Fight at Leipsigh AS the Larke begunne to peepe the seventh of September 1631. having stood all night in battaile a mile from Tillies Armie in the morning the Trumpets sound to horse the Drummes calling to March being at our Armes and in readinesse having before meditated in the night and resolved with our Consciences we begunne the morning with offering our soules and bodies as living Sacrifices unto God with Confession of our sinnes lifting up our hearts and hands to Heaven we begged for reconciliation in Christ by our publique prayers and secret sighes and groanes recommending our selves the successe and event of the day unto God our Father in Christ which done by us all we marched forwards in Gods name a little and then halted againe till the whole Armie both the Dukes and Ours were put in good Order our Armie marching on the right hand and the Dukes on the left our commanded Musketeres marching in the Van-Guarde being in one bodie before the Armie consisting of three Regiments whereof two of Scotts and one Dutch all Musketieres led by three Scotts Colonels men of valour and courage fit for the Commaund concredited unto them being made choice of as men that could fight Exemplarie to others viz. Sir Iames Ramsey called the Blacke Sir Iohn Hamilton and Robert Monro Baron of Fowles we marched thus both the Armies in Battaile Horse foote and Artillerie till about nine of the Clocke in the morning wee halted halfe a mile distant from the Emperiall Armie that were attending us in Battaile consisting of fortie foure thousand men horse and foote our Armie consisting of thirtie thousand men whereof to my judgement His Majesties Armie were eight thousand foote and seven thousand horse The Duke also would be eleven thousand foote and foure thousand horse having refreshed our selves with victuals leaving our Coaches behind us The whole Armie did get greene Branches on their heads
being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hephurne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers other Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell Musten Major Monypenney Major Sinclaire and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro with divers others Cavaliers of valour experience and of conduct who thereafter were suddainely advanced unto higher charges The victory being ours we incamped over night on the place of Battaile the living merry and rejoycing though without drinke at the night-wake of their dead Camerades and friends lying then on the ground in the bed of honour being glad the Lord had prolonged their dayes for to discharge the last honourable duty in burying of their Camerades Our bone-fiers were made of the enemies Amunition waggons and Pikes left for want of good fellowes to use them and all this night our brave Camerades the Saxons were making use of their heeles in flying thinking all was lost they made booty of our waggons and goods too good a recompence for Cullions that had left their Duke betrayed their country and the good cause when as strangers were hazarding their lives for their freedomes Our losse this day with the Saxons did not exceede three thousand men which for the most part were killed by the enemies Cannon of principall Officers we lost a number and chiefely our horsemen as Colonell Collenbagh Colonell Hall and Addergest and of the foote Colonells the Barron Tivell being all of them brave and valorous gentlemen we lost also foure Lievetenant Colonells together with a number of Rutmasters Captaines Lievetenants and Ensignes Of the Saxons were lost five Colonells three Lievetenant Colonells with divers Rut-masters and Captaines and of inferiours Officers many To the enemy were lost on the field neere eight thousand besides Officers of note such as the Felt-marshall Fustenberg the Duke of Holsten the Count of Shomeberg old Geuerall Tillie hurt and almost taken a number of other Officers of the Field were killed and taken prisoners They lost also thirty two peeces of Cannon with three score waggons of Amunition and their Generall and Papingham were chased towards Hall and from thence were forced with a small convoy to take their flight for refuge to Hamell on the Waser The sixteenth Observation FIrst then we see here the goodnesse that followes on that laudable and Christian custome used by those that doe first begin the workes of their calling with their true humiliation to God by prayers in acknowledging their sinnes and unworthinesse and in renouncing trust or confidence in any thing but in God alone knowing their owne wisdome strength and valour to be of no moment without the speciall aide and assistance of the Almighty and powerfull God who alone can teach our fingers to fight giving victory with few as with many And therefore it was that this Magnanimous and religious warriour with his whole Army publiquely did call on the Lord praying for his assistance against his enemies and for a happy event of the day before he begun to set his Army to worke against their enemies the enemies of God and the true Catholique and Apostolique faith which they had endeavoured to subvert with the professors of the truth to hold up and maintaine the man of sinne and his erronious doctrine by the power of the house of Austria and of the Catholique League We see then this duty being religiously and piously discharged by his Majesty and his Army the fruite was answerable to their desire having obtained victory over our enemies by the good command of his Majesty and the ready obedience dexterity and valour of his Majesties supreme Officers of the field who in all charges did direct those under them to the ready discharge of their duties every one of
had commanded had made shipwracke of all As his Majestie was wise and moderate in his Command so those who obeyed were faithfull and intire to their Superiour Here inferiours whom Fortune favoureth though weakest were subject in all things to him who was Fortunes Minion and Mars his equall Gustavus the Invincible that by his wisedome and foresight forced old Tillie to retire to Nurenberg having gained nothing but losse which retreate was the presage of his future ruine at the Leacke where it enters into the Danow Here also we are instructed as well by his Majesties politique government as by his military He being alike expert in both discharging the dutie of a King and a Generall Tam Arte quam Marte for the enemy was no sooner gone but incontinent his Majestie caused serve his publique Edicts for bringing in the Country-men to give their oaths of fidelitie moving them thereto partly by compulsion and partly by promises of dutie and of libertie to their Consciences two strong Arguments to move those to obedience who had seene their friends forced to turne backes upon them from whom under God they did expect Reliefe to come Moreover we see here that those who are honoured by God are also worthy of honour from their equalls other Kings Princes and Confederates sending their Ambassadours unto them to congratulate their good Fortunes and successe as also to Treate with them in matters belonging to their mutuall States and standing at this time also there were Commissioners sent from Vlme Strasburg Nurenberg and Francford treating with His Majestie for themselves apart as free from the bodie of the Empire And such feathers his Majestie was glad to get out of the Emperours wings knowing the more he wanted of such feathers the worse he could flie and some of them were light changing as the winde To conclude then whom fortune favoures the world laughs on as may be seene here by the example of Lievetenant Colonell Howbalt after the intaking of Hanow by meere fortune being surprized which was the occasion this Cavalier was so suddenly made up in getting Command over horse and foote from Livetenant Colonell who foure yeeres before was Sergeant under the blew Regiment Yet notwithstanding the good he had received under his Majestie and his Crowne he afterwards quit them and their service in their greatest extreamitie which was unthankfully done of him being more unkindly then friendly The twenty second Duty discharged of our March from Wurtzburg to Francford on the Maine HIS Majesty having beset Wurtzburg Castle with a strong Swedens Garrison under command of Colonell Axellille preparation being made for the march the Colonell of the Artillery Leonard Richardson a Swede was directed downe the Maine with the great Cannon and three hundred commanded musketiers of Scots of Sr. Iames Ramfey his Regiment comanded by Alexander Hanan being a discreete Cavalier of good command and conduct and valorous also they had abundance of Cannon fire-workes Amunition and all other furniture belonging to Artillery with them by water having got orders to take in all strengths on the Maine which lay in their way where they and he who commanded them made good booty having taken in severall Castles and Miltenburg also and from thence continued their course downe the water towards Ashaffenburg a City and a Castle on the Maine belonging to the Bishop of Mentz where they had orders to remaine till his Majesties coming with the Army This march continued for five dayes where we had nightly good quarters by the way being in feare of no enemy we kept the whole march the Maine on our right hand our horsemen upon the left having had the Felt-marshall with his Army lying at Bambridge betwixt us and the enemy so that this march though in winter was not so troublesome unto us as their travelling is to them who journey in forraine countries for to see strange faces where they must needs lay out monies for their entertainment some of us on this march were well entertained and did get mony besides to spend at Francford Likewise when it behoved travellers to hire guides and sometimes to hire convoies for their safeties we had Gustavus a King under God our Leader and a powerfull Army to convoy us and at night the sweete and sociable society of our countrimen and strangers the one to season the other which made our march pleasant alongst the pleasant and fruitfull River of the Maine that runnes through faire Franconia into the Rhine at Mentz Having come with the Army the length of Hanow leaving Ashaffenburg behinde us we marched to Steinhem which presently we tooke in by accord where the most part of the Souldiers did take service which being done his Majesty did send unto the Lords of Francford desiring them for the well of the professours of the Evangell to take in a Carrison with a protestation if they refused to doe it willingly it behoved him otherwise to deale with them which was not his desire They having taken the proposition for two dayes in advisement his Majesty the sixteenth of November did let quarter the Army before their Ports in Offenback Ober and Nider Rode the next day they consented his Majesties Army should march through leaving six hundred men in Garrison in Saxenhowsen the Lords giving their Oath to secure the Garrison of Saxenhowsen of all dangers and on the seventeenth of November his Majesty with the whole Army in comely order marched alongst the bridge from Saxenhowsen through the Towne of Francford to wards Hechst where there lay two miles off the Towne a Garrison of the enemies In this march through Francford such order was kept without any disorder as if it were the solemne procession of a King and his nobles in parliament every one admiring of his Majesties good order and discipline kept over his Army The nineteenth of November Hechst was taken in by his Majesty with accord where the Souldiers for the most part tooke service The next day the Army lying still in Dorpes his Majesty returned to Francford and met with the Landgrave of Hessen the Landgrave of Darmstat and with the Earles of the Vetro where it was agreed amongst them for the defence of the Land to joyne in one confederacy where the Castle of Russelshem was given unto his Majesty by the Landgrave of Darmstat whereon two hundred Scots of Colonell Lodowick Lesly his Regiment were set under command of Captaine Macdowgall The next day being the two and twentith of November his Majesty returned to Hechst againe and having put forth the Papists placing his owne Preachers on Sunday his Majesty thanked God that he had gotten in Francfort without bloud or stroake of sword His Majesty caused to set over a ship-bridge at Hechst and sent ships before Mentz to blocke it by water till his Majesty with the Army crossed the Maine and marched by Darmstat in the Bergstrasse of intention to have gone for Heidelberg but retiring downe neere the Rhine having
side they plagued us still with cannon especially in the night time while it behooved us to have fire which was their marke so that sundry were lost and one night sitting at supper a Bullet of thirty two pound weight shot right out betwixt Colonell Hepburnes shoulder and mine going through the Colonells Coach the next shot kill'd a Sergeant of mine by the fire drinking a pipe of Tobacco This night the enemy made an out-fall to try his valour thinking to beate us from our cannon but he was bravely repulsed by push of Pike slightly esteeming of their muskets and scorning to use ours with sharpe points of pikes conveied them home to their Graffe The next day in the morning knowing his Majesty had crossed the Rhine they did capitulate with Colonell Hepburne who did give them being Italians more honourable quarters then in truth their carriage did deserve having got licence to march out Bag and Baggage with full Armes with a convoy to the next Garrison they being marched his Majesty having crossed the Rhine in the night where the Spaniard made some resistance but in vaine his Majesty having got over the next morning he marched towards Openham in the Paltz on the one side of the Towne and we setting over also we pursued the Towne and the Castle on the other side but Sr. Iames Ramsey his musketiers being led by their Major finding a privy passage about the Castle they stormed over the walles coming betwixt the outward Skonce and the castle and finding the draw-bridge downe on a sudden they entered the Castle and put all to the sword the rest of the enemy finding the Castle to be in they runne all to storme the Skonce on which were nine Companies of Italians with their colours their Officers finding the castle surprized behinde them and the storme going on before them they threw downe their Armes calling for quarters which was granted but their colours taken from them they willing to take service were all disposed by his Majesty to Sr. Iohn Hepburne who was not only a Colonell unto them but a kinde Patron putting them in good Quarters till they were armed and clad againe But their unthankfulnesse was such that they stayed not but disbandoned all in Bireland for having once got the warme ayre of the Summer they were all gone before Winter The twenty-third Observation HERE then we see that it is the dutie of all wise Generals of intention to beleaguer Citie Fort or Strength first to recognosce and having once recognosced then to proceed as they finde most advantagious for the Beleaguerer and disadvantagious for the assailed the pursuer must know what number of men are requisite for the pursute as well offensive as defensive In this point of recognoscing his Majesties judgement was wonderfull as in all other practicall duties fitting a great Commander and as his Majesties judgement was great and good so he was of that minde nothing in this kinde could be well done which he did not himselfe neither could his Majestie abide at such times as he went to recognosce any other to accompany him in the danger other reasons doubtlesse His Majestie had which were onely privie unto himselfe This point how necessarie it is for a great Commander to be judicious of no Souldier will doubt Here also we see His Majestie made no difference of season or weather in prosecuting his enemie when ever he found any advantage And therefore it was His Majesties wise resolution to crosse the Rhine while Generall Tillies Armie in the Winter time was farthest from him and making but a faint here before Oppenham his ayme and designe was to crosse the Rhine at an other part by shipping that while the enemie was busied in defence of the Skonce His Majestie might crosse at an other part for the Armie once crossed the Skonce was lost for want of supplie and His Majestie once over the whole Paltz and Mentz were in feare Nothing is more powerfull to resist resolution than resolution for it is said of the Oake being hard timber for to cleave it a sunder there must be wedges made of it selfe that hardnesse may overcome hardnesse My advise then to all brave fellowes watching in trenches or guarding Cannon while as the enemie would try their valour by out-falling in assailing them at such times let the defender doe as was done here leaving the use of the Musket as being more unreadie let them make use of their pikes meeting their enemies in the teeth with a strong firme bodie of Pikes after the old Scots fashion used by our Predecessours that fought pell mell with two-hand swordes till one of the parties did quit the field for though they suffer losse sure they must winne credit that repulse their enemie rather than disgracefully suffer their Cannon to be nayled or their braines knockt out in trenches while as they take them to the uncertaintie of the musket Therefore let resolution be ever present repulsing force with force for if thou wouldest be esteemed amongst the number of brave fellowes thou must resolve to shew thy selfe resolute couragious and valiant going before others in good example choosing rather to dye with credit standing serving the publique than ignominiously to live in shame disgracing both thy selfe and Countrie Who would not then at such times choose vertue before vice glorie honour and immortall fame before an ignominious shamefull and detestable life Let then my deere Camerades of the Brittish Nation where ever they serve embrace this my exhortation and lay it up in the secret corners of their heart and minde that they may be ever mindefull of their credits preferring credit to life for the honour of the invincible Nation doing ever as was done here by their Countrie men in one night thrice at three severall partes whereof twice in sight of their King and Master His Majestie crossing the Rhine did take with him the Scots which were there of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment of old Spense his Regiment and of My Lord Rhees being landed the Spanish horsemen having furiously charged the Scots with a little advantage of a hedge stood by His Majestie against the Spanish horsemen and with a strong body of pikes and salves of musket resisted valiantly the horsemen till the rest were landed to relieve them As also the next day the Musketieres of Ramseys Regiment that on all occasions were wont to shew their valour were the first stormed the walles at Oppenham as they were the first with their Camerades that accompanied His Majestie at his landing in the Paltz testifying how willing they were to oppose danger in sight of their King and Master revenging themselves on the Spaniard a cruell enemy to the Daughter of our King and Sister to our Dread Soveraigne the Queene of Bohemia whom before they had removed by force of Armes from the sweete land of the Paltz where at this time they were fighting to invest againe His Majestie of Behemia her Husband and his Royall
oft into calamity except they take heede unto themselves IX These spirits are bentest on ambition that are of great and sharpe wits and of high minds being ready to thinke on great matters and to undertake them but Heroicke spirits on the contrary considering the worthy acts of others are stirr'd up unto vertue while as others with glory of succession becoming more insolent and negligent make Tragicall ends being oppressed with small things they die unworthily X. The duty of a good man is to reserve himselfe for the well and use of his country and friends being wary lest he should be lost rashly as my deere and only Brother was who did not neglect his duty neither in word nor deede but to his death served God in his calling though his death was sudden being the condition of mortall men that are still subject unto such changes that oftimes in their greatest prosperity comes adversity and from their adversity their prosperity againe God hiding the cause of both from us It were better then to prevent a wound then out of time to seeke remedy for in the middest of evill is not the time to be merry and those hurts are most which we receive unlooked for Therefore it were much better to prevent then to suffer and it were much better to enter in danger being guarded then out of time to grow pale Vaine then are the counsells of mortall men when we see no humane happinesse to be permanent since the Roots are taken up before they come to maturity except they be confirmed by the divine providence And chiefely in warres as being most uncertaine as we see by the untimely death spoken of but no man can forbid Gods decree Neverthelesse men that through age and long experience have obtained wisdome before they enter in a businesse they should looke unto the event and unto that which by all expectation may happen for it is ever the greatest wisdome to use the presenâ— time best we ought then on all occasions we are employed on to strengthen our minds with vertue that we may be fase overcoming all incumbrances that once we have condemned in the judgment seate of wisdome which alwayes is accompanied with praise and glory when we not only equall our selves with those that excelled in vertue but also presse to goe before them XI Wisdome goeth before all other things in esteeme as the most pretious Iewell we can possesse being spread she is gathered given away shee returneth being published groweth greater by her the Noble treasure of conscience is spread unto the secrets of the minde the fruit of inward joy by her is attained unto this is the Sunne wherewith the light of the minde doth shew it selfe and appeare in darknesse being the eye of the heart the delightfull Paradise of the soule the Heaven upon Earth immortall changing man into God through knowledge deifying him this fellow is invincible against all strokes he stirres not a foote for poverty griefe ignominy paine he is afraid of nothing and is ever full of joy merry pleasant and untouched living like a God Who desireth then to be wise and partake of this goodnesse that is so excellent they must not use themselves to vanity but they must thinke on that which is most profitable for them being not forbidden to use bodily exercise moderatly they may become wise first by thinking what is past and in whose time of their Predecessours things were best governed Secondly he must diligently observe the good to come what can be profitable for him and what not that he may eschew the evill to come and embrace the good Thirdly he should observe the good customes and lawes past being provident mindfull understanding reasonable diligent tractable expert and cunning and he must consider foure good things What is his aime The way and manner he aimes at The person aiming And those he governes XII A Souldier without letters is like a ship without a Rudder or like a bird without feathers but having letters he findes wherewith he can be made wiser finding out by letters courage and many other great helpes to governe and direct those aright whom he commands neither is that fortune in the world to be had where out of letters his knowledge may not be bettered if he be but painfull for being lettered he can strictly keepe under the cruell and defend lawes without terrour temperating them to his minde the meeke also he can civilly admonish and the deceitfull he can wisely goe about and the simple he can handle with lenity shewing his prudency in all his actions foreseeing all dangers which may happen Therefore we see that science to a man of warre is a brave Mistresse teaching him to doe all things as they did in old times XIII It is a hard matter when the diligent and industrious Souldier is disappointed of his hire and that he is rewarded with injury who did merit better This of all evills is most insufferable that he who deserveth a reward should be frustrate of his hopes for reward is due unto valiant Captaines and Souldiers that were instruments in chiefe of victory glory and honour as Sir Iames Ramsey and Sir Iohn Hamilton were in forcing the passage to the Castle of Vertzberg who neverthelesse were frustrate of reward and therefore I cannot but allow of the resolution of Sir Iohn Hamilton being no Souldier of Fortune that tooke his Passe of the Sweden for being frustrate of the reward of his vertue seeing those disdained that did merit best Where we see that a gentle heart being crossed contrary to reason doth presently resent his wrongs pointing out to the world that he is not the man that can suffer or swallow a seene injury done to him and his Nation XIIII It is better to feare evill preparing our selves for danger then through too much security and contempt of the enemy to suffer our selves to be overcome for it is dangerous to have to doe with a desperate body seeing necessity maketh those that are fearefull to become stout and those who feare no dangers are easily lost as witnesseth the death of the Invincible King of Sweden and those dangers ought to be eschewed from whence ariseth greatest evill and experience hath taught us that nothing is more dangerous in warres then to fight great battailes on unequall termes as witnesseth the dolefull battaile fought at Nerling in August 1634. After which losse those that should have fought for their country their wives and children did prove seeble cowards viz. the German Princes Saxon Brandeburg Lunenburg with the rest of the Gentrie giving occasion to others that came to helpe them for to leave them It is no wonder then they be plagued themselves wishing helpe another time when justly they cannot have it having rewarded their helpers so ill as they have done and through their covetousnesse and niggardly sparing bin the cause and instruments of their owne overthrowes and of the losse of the cause being I feare the fore-runners
most pleasant 62 Q. Common danger doth conjoyne oftentimes the coldest friends against the Enemy 45 N. Colonell Tivell slaine at Leipsigh battaile 66 V. Colonell Lumsdell and Lievetenant Colonell Musten both hurt at Leipsigh 66 W. Colonel Colenbagh Colonell Hall divers more kill'dat Leipsigh 67 X. Count of Savoy presented himselfe before the Emperour the one side of his body clad with cloth of gold the other in glittering Armour 77 S. The Commons doe follow where Fortune doth favour 82 Colonell Hepburn and I were commanded with the whole Musketiers of the Briggad to follow his Majesty unto Oxenford 20 B. Colonell Hobalt his sudden advancement 85 E. Colonell Hobalt proves ungratefull 87 K. Colonell Lodowike Lesly his folke commanded by Captaine Macdowgall on the Castle of Russalhem on the Maine 89 M. Clemency was shewed by his Majesty to three thousand Emperialists 74 M. Concord the mother of all happinesse and of the Common-wealth 90 P. No Continent in Europe comparable to Germany 80 O. The Castle of Openham in the Paltz surprised by Ramseys Musketiers 92 T. Colonell Axellilly lost his leg by the Cannon at Mentz 95 Z. Cowards oftimes speede better in worldly things then those that merit the best 96 B. A Captaine well rewarded for being unthankefull 97 C. Colonell Alexander Ramsey placed Governour of Creutzenach 101 M. Colonell Grame abused for breaking of Accord 102 N. Conditions proposed by his Majesty of Sweden to the Duke of Bavier and the Catholique Stends 104 R. The Catholique League ever best friends to the house of Austria 106 W. The Clergy at Cullen reprehends their Superiours 87 I. The Constancy of the Protestants in the Paltz much to be commended 95 Conditions of Accord were broken at Stobing to Colonell Monro his Regiment 109 C. With Cannon it is easie marching from the fiercest Enemy having advantage of ground 109 C. Colonell Lodowicke Lesly his Regiment praised 112 I. Colonell Worbrane an Austreker Freher Governour of Donavert 116 O. Company that are good ought to be conversed with that we may savour of their goodnesse 123 E. No Crime before God more abominable then to glory in sin 170 F. Colonell Hepburn and his Briggad sent before his Majesty to guard the Passage at Munchen 125 G. The whole Compend of wit requisit for a Commander in his Majesty of Sweden 127 K. The Cantons of Switzerland gave obedience to his Majesties letters 112 L. The Castle of Papenhaim Aichstat and Tilligen brought all under contribution to the Swedes 129 M. Conjunction made by his Majesty with Nurenberg and the reasons of it 132 S. Colonell Montelaban and other Officers killed by the Swedes at Wisesloch 139 D. Colonell Doubattle destroyes the Emperiall Magazen at Freestat in the upper Paltz 144 M. Colonell Rhee killed on the party at Bosbowre in the upper Paltz 145 N. A Captaine throwing off his doublet on hot service rewarded by his Majesty of Sweden 146 O. Cptaine Patrike Ennis slaine at Nurenberg 149 T. Captaine Traile and Captaine Vausse both Scots shot through the necke at Nurenberg and lived 149 T. Cannon first invented as it is thought at Nurenberg 151 W. Courtesie and humility in a King is the Gem of his Crowne 162 S. Colonell Lodowike Lesly his Regiment praised for their Carriage at Leitzen 164 X. Colonell Folwe shot before Landsberg 171 H. The Chancellor Oxensterne after the Kings death made offer to the Duke of Saxon to be Director-Generall over the Army 172 I. Cavaliers that leads others ought to entertaine the affection of those who served bravely lest being disdained they might turne their Armes the contrary way 174 N. Captaine Bruntfield and Quartermaster Sandelens sent Prisoners to Lindaw 177 R. Colonells three made a brave retreit at Minderkin on the Danube 117 S. The Conclusion of the meeting at Hailbron 178 V. Colonell Monro of Obstell his Regiment reduced at Heidelberg on the Necker after his death 178 V. Colonell Monro of Foules dead and buried at Vlme on the Danube 178 V. Colonell Monro of Foules happy in his death 180 Z. Colonell Monro of Obstell though untimely slaine was made welcome to heaven through Christ his Redeemer 180 D. Death ought ever to be before our eyes that we might the better contemn externall things putting us in mind of what is able to profit the soule 7 N. The Duke of Savelly defended Damaine but slightly 19 A. Disdaine or contempt should be the only thing to divert our hearts from forraine service 22 E. Doubatle his Dragoniers and my Musketiers were kept warme on service before Landsberg 39 E. Many will Desire to be partakers of our good fortunes who never minded to taste the bitter cup of our adversity 44 N. The Difference betwixt Generalls is much to be observed at Werben 56 H. The Duty of a Generall described and his properties 57 I. The Duty of true piety ought to be observed by the Leaders of Armies 58 K. The Discoverers of the Enemies plots and counsells ought to be well rewarded 41 H. Though a man be Doubtfull in advising yet in action he ought to be confident 60 M. The Duke of Saxon terrified by the example of Madeburg offered his service to his Majesty of Sweden 61 O. The Duke of Saxons Army most complete in shew 61 P. He Dieth well in my opinion that dieth standing serving his King and country for he merits Fame after death leaving good example to posterity 70 C. Duke Anhault made Statholder at Hall 76 P. Duke William of Wymar appointed Statholder at Ereford 76 Q. During land most fertile for corne 101 S. Duke Ernest of Wymar made Statholder of Francony 78 T. A most Difficult passage alongst a planke over the Maine 80 X. The Difference betwixt Cavaliers marching under an Army and gentle men Travellers 88 K. The Duty of an Officer is to Recognosce well 92 V. Nothing Discontents a worthy man more then to be rewarded like Cowards 96 B. When the Diligent is disappointed of his hire t is hard being rewarded with injury that aid merit well 96 B. The Duty of an Officer leading a party 98 E. Thirty thousand Duckets found in a Cannon at Munchen 125 G. E. Ensigne Greame gave slight quarters at Brandenburg 23 G. English Merchants commended for their charity to Souldiers 46 Q. Great Execution made by his Majesties Cannon at Leipsigh the second cause of the victory 68 Y. Externall shew profits little without the inward gifts of the minde 71 D. The long Expectation of our happinesse makes our joyes the more welcome 72 F. An Exhortation to all worthy Cavaliers of the British Nation 93 X. The Evangelists sparing their meanes suffered the publique to be neare lost being since beaten with their owne weapons 106 X. Engolstat on the Danube a sure retreite for the Emperialists 112 I. Engolstat really fortified and well provided thought impregnable by the Swedes 121 Z. Experience gives confidence in the greatest extremity and graces our behaviour 130 N. The
Lievetenant Georg Heatly were the first that scaled the walles of Francfurt 34 Y. Mackâ—y his Regiment had ever good fortune in service as they had in their quarters never knowing want for nine yeares 47 T. The Marquesse of Hamilton was made welcome at Verben 52 C. The Marquesse his Army arrived in good time for the furthering of the service though not for the weale of the Souldiers 53 D. Men of our profession ought to heare their troubles patienly that in the end they may gaine credit and honour 72 F. Major Rothwell and his brother botâ— slaine at Wertzberg 106 W. His Majesty of Sweden put to the triall of his judgment by Tilly. 85 F. Mentz upon the Rhine taken in by accord 95 Z. A Royall March made by two Kings through Franconia unto Bavaria 112 H. The young Markgrave of Turlough killed with the Cannon before Engolstat 120 Y. The Marquesse of Hamilton tooke leave of his Majesty at Newstat 154 C. When a Man of warre groweth proud over victories then commonly approacheth his punishment except he suddenly repent 158 K. Magnanimity and humility were cohabitant in his Majesty of Sweden 162 R. Man being but the Ball of time tossed from hand to hand governed by a power that must be obeyed 174 M. Major Sidsefe with Ramseys Musketiers makes the Emperialists give ground 176 Q. N. The Neglect of the Commander of Lettes discommendable 15 X. Nature doth beget us miserable and we live over-burthened with cares vanishing like a flower or bubble ult  Novices in warre sometimes are made sicke with the thundering of Cannon before they come neare danger 70 B. Neutrality sought out of policy 103 Q. Nurenberg most commodious for the Protestant faction 129 N. Necessity seldome suffers to make choice of time 130 P. The Nurenbergers made up twenty-foure Companies which carried the Letters of the Alphabet in their Coulours 132 T. Nurenberg for three monthes together sustained eight hundred thousand soules within the walles besides the entertaining of the Army 132 T. At Nurenberg the Horsmen were set to foote 144 L. At Nurenberg left under cure above two thousand 150 W. The Nurenbergers bring huge baggage from the Imperiall Leaguer 153 A. At Nurenberg were lost above thousands of horse and catttle 153 A. If there be any Nectar in this life it is for sorrow we indure for the goodnesse and love of our absent friends 157 I. Naumburg taken in by Colonell Bransten 140 O. Novices in warres being afraid of death doe seeke their safeties in flying as the Saxons did 69 A. O. Officers of Mackeys Regiment were like the Eagles birds taking command on them how soone they could but fly 14 V. The Order used by the King at Brandenburg worth the observance 15 W. Officers that grow fantasticke for wealth checked for pride 20 C. Officers that hunt for credit may gaine renowne though poore 20 C. When Officers grow too rich they grow feeble 50 Z. Occasions taken in warres of times doe helpe more then vertue it selfe 24 H. No Officer of discretion ought to advance further then with conveniency he may retire 42 K. The Oppression done to the poore causeth the unfortunate events of warlike enterprises 48 V. The Order his Majesty appointed to be kept at Verben Leaguer is worth the observance 51 The Order his Majesty placed the Army unto at Leipsigh is worth the observance 64 S. To Obtaine Victory art and skill in handling the weapons of our warfare are requisite 69 An Outfall well repulsed by push of pike 162 S. Opportunity of time a swift Eagle 129 N. Oxensterne the Chancellour appointed by the King of Sweden to have the direction at Nurenberg 153 A. The Office of a Generalla great charge 137 A. An Outfall made at Rhine by Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Lesly 100 I. P. The Plague or Pestilence though raging among Souldiers ought not to hinder them from going freely on their duties 10 O. The Pest raging at Statin fewer Scots died then of other Nations causâ incognitâ 12 R. Princes that are absolute should have way given unto them in things indifferent 13 T. A Prentiship well past by an Officer under his Majesty of Sweden such an one may be made choice of to serve his King and Country before another 21 D. Publia Cornelia Annia lived twenty yeares without once offending her husband 29 Q. Publique employment ought never be given to greedy persons 85 D. Pikemen being resolved men are best for execution 37 C. In a Prince truth of all vertues is chiefest 45 O. The Plague removed in the dog-dayes from Verben Leaguer wonderfully 49 Y. Plumes or Feathers are sometimes tokens rather to cut men downe then of safety 70 A. Protestation made by his Majesty to the Lords of Francfurt 87 I. The Power of example seene in the following of Francfurt 90 Q. Papenhaim relieved Madeburg 104 S. The People of Nurenberg overjoyed at the sight of two Kings at once shed teares 111 E. Palsgrave Augustus tooke in Heckstat on the Danube 115 M. The Papists in Bavaria were hanged by their purses 116 P. The Protestant Councilâ— at Ausburg did present unto his Majesty of Sweden Corne Fishes and Wine 118 S. Piety where ever most there is most happinesse 119 W. Papenhaim praised for his warlike exploits 136 A. Papenhaim merits to be recorded for his resolute carriage and extraordinary diligence 142 H. Papenhaim the first adventured after the battaile of Leipsigh with an Amy in Lower Saxon. 142 H. Papenhaim compared to a crafty Pyrat at Sea 142 H. Panicke feare doth betray many brave men 152 Z. Papenhaim retired from Mastreicht and relieved Paterborne 157 H. Papenhaim tooke in Milhousen and plundred Saltz 157 H. Papenhaim tooke in Theanestade and caused hang three Burger-masters halfe dead 157 H. Papenhaim immoderate in his victories 158 K. It is Pitty pride should be oftimes cohabitant with valour 158 K. Punnishment of cruelty though it come late yet sure it never comes light 158 K. Papenhaim retired from Hall was killed at Leitzen 165 X. Pencell or tangue can adde nothing to his Majesty of Swedens perfection 169 D. Palsgrave Christian did neglect a golden oportunity at Rhine 173 K. Some doe finde Pefection in the very jawes of mischiefe while as others flying from danger meete with death 174 M. Q. The Queenes Majesty of Sweden proposed to other women for good example of patience 26 L. R. Robert Rosse killed by the Cannon before Damaine 17 Z. Robert Monro Furer and Robert Monro Sergeant both died at Brandeburg 47 R. River of the Elve so shallow that the Kings Cannon were drawn through 49 W. A Retreit most formall made by his Majesty of Sweden at Verben Leaguer 55 G. Robert Monro Kilternes Son died at Vittenberg 59 L. As the Rudder in a ship doth governe so God moves and governes the world and doth not stirre himselfe 60 M. Resolution ought ever to be resisted with Resolution 92 W. Rut-master Home of Carrelside praised for
The Enemy being gone wee preserved the rest of the Towne in quenshing the fire Here also wee may see the benefit we reape when Frontier Garrisons are well beset if the Enemy fall into our Land as wee are able to affront him in his comming so in his going taking alwayes Prisoners of him and this is the right use of Strengths that when wee suffer losses in the Fields wee have time to draw breath againe our Garrisons being well beset as was seene in the Peace made betweene the King of Denmarke and the Emperour For if his Majesty of Denmarke had not built Luckstad on the Elve hee had hardly recovered Holsten againe even so this Garrison being set here gave time by the holding up of the Enemy to his Majesties Forces that were come from Statin to bee before the enemy at Colberge for if they had fought better I had observed the more The third Dutie discharged of our March to Prymhaussen neere Stargard and from thence to Statin BEeing recalled from Shevelben wee joyned with the Felt-Marshall Horne at Griffinberg taking our march towards Prymhaussen a great Dorpe neere Stargard his Majesty being then at Colnoe drawing his Forces together hee intended to try the Enemy before Winter having met with the most part of his Forces at Prymhaussen the word was spred his Majesty had dealt out winter Quarters to move the enemie to doe the like that they drawing to Quarters his Majesties Armie being together they might take advantage of the Enemy being setled in their Quarters Wee having stayed with the Felt-Marshall till the Colonell went for Scotland accompanied with Major Monro Captaine Francis Sinclaire Master Hugh Mowat and Lieutenant Barrie they being gone his Majesty commanded I should march to Statin and joyne with the Regiment and to receive Orders from Generall Major Lesley beeing Commandant for the time where by the way at Colnoe I did speake with his Majesty who told mee hee was to preferre Captaine Bullion being one of my Captaines then to be Generall quarter Master to Horse As also shewed to me that hee had imployed my Colonell for new leavies and therefore he had recalled mee to remaine with the Regiment in his absence recommending unto me diligence in keeping good Discipline and in defending of the Postes which should bee intrusted to our watching seeing wee were to watch on Here Tyvell his Poste Thus his Majesties admonitions received I was dismissed to continue our march to Statin where wee being no sooner arrived but Generall Major Lesly appointed me my Quarters and Poste to watch at The next day his Majesty directed Captaine Dumaine to mee with an Order under his Majesties Hand and Seale to place him Captaine over Bullion's Company The Order I reverently received and appointed the Cavaliere the next day in the afternoone to come to mee seeing the next morning I was to ride to his Majesty being loath his Majesty should diminish my priviledge having the freedome by his Majesties capitulation to place the Officers of the Regiment as they were vacant and not his Majesty having once disposed of that priviledge Being come to Colnoe I moved Sir Iohn Hepburne to accompany me towards his Majesty to assist me his Majesty asked whether I had placed the Captaine or not I answered that finding it prejudiciall to his Majesties service I had resolved to acquâ—int his Majesty first therewith seeing the Cavaliere though otherwise sufficient hee lacked Language to command the Company being Dutch his Majesty replyed hee would soone learne so much Dutch as to coÌ„mand a Company and thus sayd his Majesty asked on whom would I bestow the Company I answered to a Cavaliere that deserved well of his Majesty called David Monro then my Lieutenant his Majesty turning to Generall Bannere replyed disdainfully what shall I thinke Hee would place his own Cozen and not obey my Orders whereupon I returned to place Captaine Dumaine in obedience to his Majesties will for that time Major Iohn Monre gone for Britaine with his Colonell disposed his Company to his Lieutenant William Stewart who was younger Lieutenant then David Monre yet once comming before him hee was still elder Captaine and consequently neerest preferment under that Regiment through this change onely Likewise by the death of Major Synnot at Statin Captaine Iohn Sinclaire being a worthy Cavaliere was preferred to bee Sergeant Major and Synnots Company was put by the Lieutenant and disposed to Captaine Semple In like manner Lieutenant Pringle dying at Statin Henry Lindesey was advanced to be his brothers Lieutenant During this Harvest 1630. the Pest raged so at Statin that divers brave Souldiers of the Regiment were buried there Neverthelesse a great deale fewer dyed of them then eyther of Dutch or Swedens which was seene on our march towards Brandenburg being stronger then other Regiments that at their landing were twice stronger then wee for no extremity of Hunger Pestilence or Sword could ever make one of them runne away from their Colours The Colonell being gone for Leavies ingaged my brother Obstell to bring over a Regiment of Foot for his Majesties service Major Iohn Monre being preferred to bee his Lieutenant-Colonell and Captaine Ennis his Major being gone for Scotland after the in-taking of Brandenburg The Colonell gave another Commission for a Regiment of English to Sir Thomas Conoway to whom Captaine George Stewart a brave and a valorous Gentleman was preferred to bee Lieutenant-Colonell and Captaine Mon-gorge Major but the misfortune happened that in their over-going both the Colonell and Lieutenant-Colonell were cast away being drowned on the Coast of Denmark and afterwards the Regiment having three lost Companies by Sea the overplus were commanded for a time by the Major which afterwards were disposed by his Majesty to Sir Iohn Cassels to bee made up againe to a Regiment At this time Colonell Lumsell having brought over also a Regiment of Scots Captaine Robert Stewart came over his Lieutenant Colonell having served at first as Ensigne and Lieutenant to Captaine Macken-nyee under this Regiment and there after came againe unto Spruce Captaine under Sir Iohn Hamiltons Regiment in May 1629. And was preferred after the In-taking of Virtzberg having beene before at the Battaile of Lipsigh during this time wee lay at Statin his Majesty did take in both Garts and Griffen-hagan and after retyring to Statin did prepare for his march towards new Brandenburg The third Observation AS Vicissitude maintaines the world so all temporall things here below are subject to Changes and alterations for the world it selfe was never wholly under one long and in Commandment changes are most frequent being caused through the manifold accidents occuring in Warres as by the frequency of our mortalities in the profession of Armes And also by the severall intentions of men according to their capacities and severall wits which tending some times to good sometimes to evill and oft to nothing or to worse Likewise by example here wee see inferiours must yeeld to their betters in some
things though without reason giving way to Princes that are absolute Yet it is the duty of the inferiour to maintaine his Right lest he should be thought too simple in over-passing it For though perhaps at first wee bee not heard yet it may happen that afterwards we be not incroached upon more in that kinde For as a Generall commands his Armie so should a Colonell command his Regiment that hee may advance the vertuous according to merit and good deserving more then by favour If hee would be well esteemed of hee ought to have the understanding to preferre for reward the respective and the obedient and to hold backe onely those who doe not well understand eyther themselves or others Here also we see that sometimes it is easier speaking with Kings by their inferiours then to proud Generals that although they beare the tytle lacke the discretion that should season their Commands For wee find oft times many of them doe Command more through absolute authority then through eyther love respect or reason to their Inferiours and for my part I had rather follow with little meanes a Commander who would respect me in reason for his love then to follow a proud Generall for greedinesse of meanes that taking the snuffe in his nose would affront me without reason such Generals I did never follow neither will follow though I should quit the wars for my owne contentment Wee see oft times that the faults of the Inferiours are laid on the shoulders of their Colonels which should make Superiours to make the better choice of their Officers especially in eschewing those as pestiferous who are inclined to factions or given to sow sedition amongst Camerades such are circumspectly to be avoided by the sound judgement of the Colonell desirous to live in peace with those who ought to be his friends that hee may be the more able to offend his Enemies When both love and feare are in the hearts of the inferiours then the Command is not burthensome nor the obedience slavish for sometimes as good obeyeth as hee that commandeth the Title onely with the authority being laid aside Sundry Cavalieres that carried charge under this Regiment in Denmarke wee see in the beginning of this new Warre for having attained to a little experience under this Regiment they are now like the Eagles birds that how soone they can but flee they take Command on themselves and that most worthily knowing that it is ambition grounded upon vertue makes the meanest Souldier mount from the lowest centrie to the top of honour to bee a Generall as some of our worthy Countrimen have done under the Crowne of Sweden to their eternall glory To conclude this Observation as I begun seeing all things here are but humaine unstable and but waves and tossing wherein there is nothing sure but that which is tyed to the Anchor of true Pietie fot our very life brings many things with it contrary to our expectation Therefore wee ought not to aske when or where but we should be ever mindfull how wee are prepared for they live ill that thinke they shall live ever Men will command and bee commanded so that they may live but not live so as they are commanded to live well The fourth Duty discharged of our March to New-Brandenburg and of the In-taking of it HIs Majesty after overcomming his Enemies at Garts and Girffin-Hagan having retired to Statin and made preparation for a happie new-yeares march in the beginning of Ianuary 1631. Wee brake up from Statin taking our march towards New-Brandenburg the earth clad over with a great storme of Snow being hard frost wee carried along great Canons of Batterie and a number of small Canon being well provided of all thinges belonging to Artillery our little Army consisting then of eight Thousand Horse and Foot having left the rest of the Army under Command of the Felt-Marshall Horne before Landsberg in the Marke our march the first Night went no further then beyond the passe of Lacknets where wee quartered over night breaking up the next morning wee continue our march for three dayes towards Brandenburg where there lay in Garrison as Commandant Colonell Marizane with Five hundred Horse and twelve hundred Foot being as complete to looke on as you could wish His Majesty being come by Three a clocke in the after-noone within shot of Canon to the Towne drew us in Battaile and then divided out the Poasts where the Briggads should lye commanded out the Horse watches to lye without the Foot other Troupes were also commanded forth for battering the Streets and the rest of the Horsemen being directed to Quarters The Foot battaile ordered Drums beating Colours advanced and flying every Briggad by divisions marched to their Poastes where being arrived their Watches duely set the rest were setled in their Quarters being Commanded both Officers and Souldiers not to stirre out of Quarters from their Armes but to attend on Orders In our by-going being within distance of Cannon to the Towne we were saluted with Cannon Hagbuts of Crocke and with Musket where within a short time wee rendered unto them their exchange with the interest the service continuing so long as they did the night bringing silence over all till day begun to breake againe and then at our Poast there lay before the Port a little Tri-Angle with a Water-graffe about it and a Draw-bridge wee passing through the Graffe that was not deepe stormed the Tri-Angle and made the Enemy retire within the Towne walles who fearing a generall storme did presently cause to beate a Drum desiring a Parlee which was granted pledges delivered hinc inde the Treatie went on and the Accord was made and subscribed they should march out with bagge and baggage Horse and Foot with full Armes which should have a Convoy to Hagelberg and so accordingly they marched out and then his Majestie to refresh the Armie caused to make Quarters for the whole Foot within the Towne where wee lay two nights well entertayned His Majesty having a greater enterprise in hand hee commanded out a Thousand choise Musketiers towards Trepto two miles from Brandenburg and the enemy being acquainted with their comming hee did retyre to Dameine the Leader of the party leaving two Companies in Trepto marched forwards with the partie to take in a Castle on a passe lying in his way betwixt Trepto and Dameine whereon were fifty commanded musketiers who after a little defence made for their credit did capitulate for quarters being afraid of the Armies comming they gave over both Castle and passe His Majesty leaving a few number of commanded men in Brandenburg with a Commissary for ingathering of Contribution and Proviant for the Armie he did breake up and marched towards a little Towne lying on the passe below Dameine called Letts where in the Castle there lay above sixe hundred men of the Imperialists that might have foughten for good quarters but being carelesse of their Watch our commanded Musketiers having past the