Selected quad for the lemma: duty_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
duty_n	family_n	master_n	servant_n	3,657	5	6.8258	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64910	Q Valerius Maximus his collections of the memorable acts and sayings of orators, philosophers, statesmen, and other illustrious persons of the ancient Romans, and other foreign nations, upon various subjects together with the life of that famous historian / newly translated into English.; Factorum et dictorum memorabilium. English. 1684	Valerius Maximus.; Speed, Samuel, 1631-1682.	1675 (1675)	Wing V33A; ESTC R24651	255,577	462

VIII Of the Fidelity of Servants to their Masters 1. The Servant of M. Antonius the Oratour 2. The Servant of C. Marius 3. Philocrates the Servant of C. Gracchus 4. Pindarus the Servant of C. Cassius 5. The Family of Plotius Plancus 6. The Servant of Urbinius Anapio 7. The Servant of Antius Restio IT remains that we relate the Fidelity of Servants to their Masters so much the more praise-worthy by how much it was least expected from them 1. Marcus Antonius a most celebrated Oratour in the days of our Ancestors was accus'd of Incest whose Accusers were obstinately importunate with the Judges that his Servant might be examin'd for a witness because they pretended that he carried the Lanthorn before him when he went to commit the Fact He was at that time a beardless Youth and saw himself ready to be sent to the Rack yet never budg'd for it But when he came home and saw Antonius very much troubled about the business he earnestly begg'd of his Master that he might be put to the Rack affirming that they should not force a tittle out of his mouth to do him a prejudice And with a wonderful patience he performed his promise For being lash'd with many stripes set upon the Wooden-horse and sear'd with burning plates of Iron he overthrew the whole force of his Masters accusation by standing firm to his preservation Fortune might be deservedly blam'd for having imprison'd so pious and stout a Soul in the Body of a Slave 2. But the Consul C. Marius whose ill success was miserable at the Siege of Praeneste seeing it in vain to escape through a little Myne under ground and slightly wounded by Thelesinus with whom he had designed to live was run through and slain by his Servant to free him from the cruelty of Sylla though he had large promises made him to deliver him up to the Victor The seasonable assistance of whose right hand no way seems inferiour to the Piety of those who have protected their Masters in safety Because at that time not Life but Death was most beneficial to Marius 3. Equally illustrious was the following Example Caius Gracchus that he might not fall into the power of his Enemies laid his neck to be cut off by his Servant Phil●crates Which when he had cut off with a swift blow he thrust the Sword still reaking with his Masters blood into his own Bowels Others call this Servant Euporus I dispute not about the name only I admire the stoutness of a servile Fidelity the nobleness of whose Soul had the generous Youth imitated he had avoided the threatning danger by the benefit of his own and not his Servants hand But now he gave way that the Carcass of Philocrates should lye in more splendour than that of Gracchu● his Master 4. Another sort of Fury and another sort of Nobility but the same Example of Fidelity For Pindarus the Freed-man of Cassius having slain his Master by his command after he had lost the Battle of Philippi preserv'd him from the insultings of his Enemies nor was the Servant ever seen after Which of the Gods Revenger of the most hainous Crimes of Mortals so benumb'd that Valour that ventur'd to the destruction of the Parent of the Empire that it should so abjectly trembling submit it self at the knees of Pindarus to avoid the punishment of publick Parricide which it deserv'd from the hands of a most pious Victor Thou thou it was most divine Julius that didst exact the revenge due to thy celestial wounds compelling that proud Head so perfidious to thee to implore the sordid aid of a Slave driven to that extremity of fury that he neither defir'd to live nor durst to dye by his own hand 5. Of these calamities C. Plotius Plancus the Brother of Munatius Plancus both Consul and Censor was a sad partaker who lurking in the Territories of Salernum after he had been banish'd by the Triumvirs discover'd the Sanctuary of his Safety by his effeminate way of living and the odours of his sweet Oyntments For thereby the industrious care of those that persecute the miserable smelt out his secret haunts By whom the Servants being apprehended and long tortur'd denied they knew where their Master was Then would not Plancus endure that Servants so faithful and exemplary should be any longer tormented but discover'd himself and offer'd his Throat to the Souldiers weapons Which contest of mutual good Will makes it difficult to be decided whether the Master were more worthy who had the trial of such a constant Fidelity in his Servants or the Servants who were freed from the severity of the Rack by the just compassion of their Master 6. What shall I say to the Servant of Vrbinius Panopio how admirable was his Faith Who understanding that certain Souldiers having found where his Master was by the treachery of his Servants were come to the Town of Reate to kill him changing his Ga●ments with him and putting on his own Ring he put his Master out at a Back-door and retiring himself into his Masters Chamber and into his Masters Bed suffered himself patiently to be kill'd in lieu of Pan●pio The act is soon related but the commenda●●on which it deserves is not so easily given However Panopio tes●i●i●d how much he was beholding to his Servant by raising him an ample Monument with a grateful Inscription 7. I might be contented with these Examples but the wonder of the Fact compells me to relate one more Antius Restio being proscrib'd by the Triumviri when he saw all his Servants busie upon rapine and ransack in a tempestuous night withdrew himself from his House Whose flight being observed by a Slave that he had kept severely in Chains and one that he had burnt in the Forehead with contumelious Letters the Slave never left till he had overtaken him to the end he might attend him in his misery By which most exquisite and dangerous officiousness he completed the full measure of a most signal Piety For when they whose condition was better at home minded nothing but the ransack of their Master he thought the sa●ety of that person who had been so cruel to him to be the greatest profit he could enjoy And when it had been enough to have laid aside his Anger he added Charity Nor did his good Will end here but be us'd a Stratagem to preserve his Master For when he perceiv'd the Souldiers were at hand he hid his Master and making a Funeral Pile got a poor old man whom he slew and threw him into the flame When the Souldiers ask●d him for Antius pointing to the Pile I have thrown him said he into that Pile for his cruelty to me The Souldiers believing the probability of the Story went their way whereby Antius had time to provide for his safety CHAP. IX Of the Change of Manners and Fortune Among the ROMANS 1. T. Manlius Torquatus 2. P. Africanus the Elder 3. C. Valerius Flaccus the Flamin 4. Q. Fabius

himself One of which died four daies before his Fathers Triumph The other alive in the Triumphal Chariot expir'd the third day after Thus he that was so liberal in bestowing Children upon others was himself left childless in a short time Which Misfortune that you may know how magnanimously he brook'd it he made plainly apparent in an Oration which he made to the People concerning the Actions which he had done for them by adding this little clause When in the highest success of my felicity I was afraid most noble Romans that Fortune would do me some mischief or other I prayed to Jupiter Juno and Minerva that if any thing of Calamity threatned the Roman Government they would exhaust it all upon my Family And therefore 't is very well for according to my wishes they have so ordered it that you should rather compassionate my private than I bewail your publick losses 3. I will only adde one Domestic Example more and then permit my Story to wander Q. Marcius Rex the Elder Colleague with Cato in the Consulship lost a Son of eminent hopes and piety and which added to his calamity his onely Child Yet when he saw his Family ruin'd and ended by his death he so suppress'd his grief by the depth of his prudence that immediately he went from his Sons grave to the Senate-house and as it was his duty that day immediately summon'd all the Senators together So that had he not generously sustain'd his sorrow he could not have equally divided the light of one day between a sad and mournful Father and a stout Consul not having omitted the good offices of either FORREIGNERS 1. Pericles Prince of the Athenians in four days having lost two most incomparable Youths the very same time without any alteration in his Countenance or discomposure in his Speech made a publick Oration to the People Nay according to Custome he went with his Coronet upon his Head that he might not omit any thing of the antient Ceremony for the wound of his Family Therefore was it not without cause that a person of his magnanimous spirit obtain'd the Sirname of Olympian 2. Xenophon the next to Plato in the happy degree of Eloquence when he was performing a solemn Sacrifice receiv●d news that the eldest of his Sons named Gryllus was slain in the Battle of Mantinea However he would not forbear the appointed worship of the Gods but only was contented to lay aside his Garland which yet he put on again upon his head when he understood that he sell couragiously fighting calling the Gods to which he sacrificed to witness that he more rejoyced at the noble manner of his Death than sorrow'd for his loss Another person would have remov'd the Sacrifice would have thrown away the Ornaments of the Altars and cast away the Incense all bedabl'd with tears But Xenophon's body stood immoveable to Religion and his minde remain'd fix'd in the advice of prudence For he thought it a thing far more sad to submit to grief than to think of the loss which he had suistain'd 3. Neither was Anaxagoras to be suppress'd For hearing the news of his bons death Thou tellest me said he nothing new or unexpected For I knew that as be was begot by me be was mortal These expressions were the voice of Vertue season'd with most wholesome Precepts which whosoever rightly understands will consider that Children are so to be begot as that we may remember that the Law of Nature has prescrib'd them a Law of receiving and yielding up their breath both at the same moment And that as no man ever died that did not live so no man ever lived that must not dye LIB VI. CHAP. I. Of Chastity ROMANS 1. Lucretia 2. L. Virginius 3. Pontius Aufidianus Roman Knight 4. P. Maenius 5. Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus 6. P. Attilius Philiscus 7. Claudius Marcellus 8. Q. Metellus Celer 9. T. Veturius 10. C. Pescentius 11. Cominius 12. C. Marius 13. Certain private persons that vindicated private Adulteries FORRAIGNERS 1. Hippo a Grecian 2. Chiomara wife of Orgiaguns 3. The Teutons wives WHence shall I summon thee forth fair Chastity the chief support of Men and Women For thou inhabitest the Hearths consecrated to Vesta by the antient Religion Thou broodest upon the Cushions of Jupiter Capitoline Thou the pillar of the Palatium renderest famous the most illustrious Houshold-Gods and the most sacred Genial Bed of Julia by thy fixed habitation there Thy Guardianship defends the honour of young Youth And out of respect to thy Deity riper age continues incontaminate Under thy protection the Matrons Stole or long Garment is reverenc'd Come hither then and know what thou thy self wouldst have others do 1. Lucretia the first Example of Roman Chastity whose manlike Soul was by the mistake of Fortune enclosed in a female Body being constrain'd to suffer herself to be ravish'd by Sextus Tarquinius the son of him firnamed the Proud when she had before an assembly of her Kindred and Friends lamented in most passionate expressions the Injury which she had received stabb'd herself with a Dagger which she had conceal'd under her Garment Whose magnanimous Death gave the people an occasion to alter the Kingly Government into Consular 2. Neither would Virginius brook an injury of this nature though a person of a very Vulgar extraction but of a Patrician spirit for lest his Family should be dishonour'd he spared not his own flesh and blood For when Appius Claudius the Decemvir confiding in his power violently prosecuted the defiling of his Daughter he brought her forth publickly into the Market-place and slew her choosing rather to be the Murtherer of a chast than the Father of a contaminated Daughter 3. Nor was Pontius Aufidianus endued with less Courage of Minde being a Roman Knight who finding the Virginity of his Daughter prostituted by a Pedagogue to Fannius Saturninus not content to have put the wicked Servant to death he kill'd his Daughter And that she might not celebrate dishonourable Nuptials he married her to a bitter Funeral 4. What shall I say of Pub. Maenius What a strict Guardian of Chastity was he For he punished a Freeman of his for whom he had a great kindness only because he had kiss'd his Daughter being of womans estate though it might seem not to have bin done so much out of Lust as by a mistake of breeding or long acquaintance But he thought fit to imprint the Discipline of Chastity into the apprehension of the tender Maid by the severity of his servants punishment and taught her by so severe an Example that she was not only to preserve her Virginity but her Lips uncontaminated for her Husband 5. But Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus after he had born many great Offices with renown coming to the Censorship question'd his only Son for the doubtful loss of his Chastity and he underwent the punishment by banishing himself out of the reach of his Father 6. I should have said the

coming home he presently call'd a Hall and forgetting himself enter'd the Hall with his Sword on Whereupon being minded of the breach of his own Law by one that stood next him Well said he the same person shall establish it and immediately drawing his Sword fell upon it and died When it was lawful for him to have defended or excused his errour he rather chose to make the punishment publick than put a slur upon Justice CHAP. VI. Of Publick Faith Among the Romans 1. The Roman Senate 2. L. Manlius M. At ilius Cos 3. The Roman Senate 4. The Elder Africanus 5. The Roman Senate FORRAIGNERS 1 The Saguntines 2. The Petellines WHen this Image is set before our eyes the venerable Divinity of Truth stretches out her right hand the most certain pledg of human Safety Which how it has flourished in our City all Nations have been sensible of and we shall make evident in a few Examples 1. When Ptolomey the King had left the People of Rome to take the tuition of his Son upon them the Senate appointed M. Aemilius Lepidus the High-Priest to be Guardian to the young Infant and sent him to Alexandria for that purpose making use of the sanctity of a famous and most upright person whose publick Abilities had been sufficienty known among them lest the credit and dignity of the City should have been any way injur'd This became not only the preservation but the ornament of the Royal Infancy so that when he came of age he knew not of which he had most to boast whether in the Fortune of his Father or the Majesty of his Tator 2. Famous also was the succeeding piece of Roman Integrity A great Navy of the Carthaginians being overthrown near the Coast of Sicilia the Captains of the Enemies quite out of heart began to think of making some overtures of Peace But when it was argued who should go Amilcar refus'd for fear lest the Romans should serve him as the Carthaginians had served Cor. Asina the Consul whom they had detain●d a Prisoner in Chains But Hanno better understanding the Roman Faith very confidently profer'd himself To whom as he was in treaty when a Tribune of the People spoke and bid him take heed he had not the same usage as the Consul Cornelius had had both the Consuls commanding the Tribune to be silent Hanno cryed they from that fear the reputation of our City frees thee It had made them famous that they could be Masters of so great a Captain of their Enemies but much more famous that they would not 3. The same reputation the Conscript Fathers observ'd in defending the Priviledges of Embassadors For when M. Aemilius Lepidus and C. Flaminius were Consuls Culeo the Praetor by an order of the Senate caus'd L. Minutius and L. Manlius to be deliver'd to the Carthaginian Embassadors by the Heralds themselves because they had laid violent hands upon them The Senate regarding more their own Honour than the persons for whose sake they did the Justice 4. These Examples the Elder Africanus following when he had taken a Vessel wherein were several persons and many of the chiefest among the Carthaginian Nobility yet he dismiss'd them all untoucht because they told him they were sent as Embassadors to him though he knew it to be an excuse of their own framing to avoid the present danger that the Faith of the Roman General might rather seem to be deceiv'd than implor'd in vain 5. Let us not forget that noble Act of the Senate by no means to be omitted Q. Fabius and Cn. Apronius Aediles by reason of a Tumult that happen'd had sent away the Embassadours that came from Apollonia to Rome Which so soon as the Senate understood they caus'd them to be deliver'd up to the Embassadours by the hands of the Heralds and sent a Questor to convoy them to Brundusium lest they should receive any injury in their passage Could such a Court as that be said to be a Council of mortal Men and not rather the Temple of Faith Which was no less admir'd by our Allies than it was religiously observ'd in our City FORRAIGNERS 1. For before the miserable slaughter of the two Scipio's in Spain and the destruction of as many Armies of the Roman Nation the Saguntines being restrain'd within their own Walls by the victorious Arms of Hannibal when they could no longer resist the Carthaginian power they brought forth all their most precious things into the Market-place and kindling the Pile threw themselves into the common and publick fire that they might not be accompted false to our Alliance I cannot but believe that Faith her self surveying humane affairs lookt with a sorrowful countenance beholding such a religious observance of her Laws condemn'd by such a fatal Event to the Arbitration of unjust Fortune 2. By an act of the same nature the Petellines obtain'd the same applause Who being besieg'd by Hannibal because they would not forsake our Alliance sent Ambassadours to the Senate imploring relief But the Romans because of their losses at Cannae not being able to succour them gave them liberty to provide the best they could for their own safety So that they were free to accept of Conditions from the Carthaginians However they turning their Women aged and infirm people out of the City obstinately defended their Walls to the last So that their whole City expir'd before they would lay aside their respect to the Roman Alliance Nor did Hannibal take Petellia but the sepulchre of the Petellian Faith CHAP. VII Of the Truth of Wives to their Husbands 1. Aemilia the Wife of the Elder Scipio 2. Thuria the Wife of Q. Lucretius Vespillo 3. Sulpitia the Wife of Lentulus 1. THat we may not omit the Truth of Women in Matrimony Aemilia the Wife of the Elder Africanus the Mother of Cornelia Mother of the Gracchi was so dutiful and patient that though she knew her Husband had a kindness for one of her Maids she took no notice of it because she would not blemish the Conquerour of Africa with the guilt of Unchastity And so far she was from revenge that after her Husbands death she set her Maid free and gave her in marriage to a Freed man of his 2. When Q. Lucretius was banished by the Triumvirs Thuria his Wife kept him out of harms way between the head of the Bed and the ceiling of the Chamber not without great danger to her self And so true she was to him that while others that were banished as he was wander'd in pinching extremity in remote Countries among Enemies he all the while lay safe in the bosome of his Wife 3. Sulpitia being kept up very strictly by her Mother Julia for ●ear she should follow h●r Husband Lentulus Crustellio banish'd by the Triumvirs into Sicily nevertheless made her escape in a disguise and with only two Maid-servants and two Men-servants got safe to him Banishing her self that she might not fail in her duty toward her Husband CHAP.