Selected quad for the lemma: duty_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
duty_n	desire_v	young_a	youth_n	20	3	7.5271	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A67704	Kyrou paideia, or, The institution and life of Cyrus the Great written by that famous philosopher and general, Xenophon of Athens, and from the original Greek made English, the first four books by Francis Digby ..., the four last by John Norris.	Xenophon.; Digby, Francis.; Norris, John, 1657-1711.	1685 (1685)	Wing X10; ESTC R30212	245,110	427

this their Constitution which they that live up to are esteem'd the best of Men. There are yet amongst the Persians some Remains of the Moderation they observe in receiving their Food and their Labour in digesting it and even at this day 't is reputed among them a thing not only shameful to be spitting in Publick and blowing the Nose or to appear puff'd up and swoln but scandalous also so much as to make Water or to perform any such like Offices of Nature so as to be seen of Men which could never be practicable did they not use a strict Temperance in their Diet and by a constant Industry so work out their gross and sluggish Humours that they should waste themselves some other way This is what I have thought fit to say of the Persians in general Now I shall proceed more particularly to declare the Noble Acts of Cyrus beginning even from his Childhood in prosecution of which Design I first entred upon this Discourse Cyrus then till he was twelve Years old and somewhat upwards was trained up and educated in this sort of Discipline and had manifestly the Preheminence of all his Fellows both in quickness to apprehend what he was taught and also in acting every thing with a graceful and Man-like Meen About this time King Astyages sent for his Daughter Mandana and Cyrus her Son whom he earnestly desired to see because he was fam'd for a very lovely and vertuous Youth She immediately obeys her Father's Commands and brings with her her young Son who was no sooner arrived and knew Astyages to be his Grand-father but presently as a Child whose Nature prompted him to Duty and Affection he salutes him like an Acquaintance of a long standing and embraces him as if he had been a familiar Friend and seeing him as the Fashion of the Medes is with his Eyes painted his Face beautified with counterfeit Colours and his head adorned with borrowed Hair for all these Devices they use besides their purple Robes their rich Vestments their Chains about their Necks and Bracelets on their Arms whereas the Persians such especially as remain at home are even at this day in their Apparel very plain and ordinary and frugal in their Diet. Cyrus I say seeing Astyages in all this Gayety O Mother says he fixing his Eyes upon him what a comely Grandfather have I And when she asked him whether he thought was the more sightly Person his own Father or Hers Verily Mother replied he my Father greatly excells all the Persians but of all the Medes I have yet seen either in my Journey or since my Arrival this my Grandfather is exceedingly the most goodly and graceful Man Then Astyages in return embracing him arrayed him in a costly Robe and put upon him the honourable Ornaments of Chains and Bracelets and whenever he went abroad he took him with him having mounted him on an Horse with gold Trappings as he himself was used to ride And Cyrus as he was a Child of a great deal of Gallantry and Honour was very much taken with his Robe of State and highly pleased with the Exercise of Horsemanship for Persia being a mountainous and craggy Country 't is very difficult to breed Horses there and dangerous to ride them so that among them 't is a rare thing so much as to see one Now when Astyages was sat at Supper with his Daughter and Kinsman being desirous that the Child's Entertainment should be as grateful and pleasing as might be the more to take him off from longing homeward he caused divers sorts of Dishes serv'd up with variety of the most exquisite Sauces and Dainties to be set before him Whereupon Cyrus as is reported brake out into these Words O my Lord says he What a trouble do you create your self in this Supper if you must reach out your hand to every one of these Dishes and taste of all these sundry meats Why says Astyages don't you esteem this a much better Entertainment than you have in Persia By no means my Lord replied Cyrus for we have a much more natural and easie way to satisfie our Appetite than you only Bread and a little Flesh suffices us whereas you Medes though you aim at the same thing yet going about this way and that way with many windings and turnings you scarce at last procure that which we long since with so much ease attained But to us my Child quoth Astyages this wheeling about and wandring is not at all tedious and you also do but only taste will confess these Dainties to be most delightful and savory Yea but methinks quoth Cyrus you your self my Lord seem even to disdain these Delicacies Then Astyages asking him why thinkest thou so Sweet-heart because says he after your taking Bread I never observe that you wipe your Hands but no sooner do you touch any of these dainty Dishes but immediately you make clean your Fingers with your Napkin as if you were really concerned and offended that you had medled with them at all To which Astyages If that be thy Conceit My Dear come however eat liberally of the Flesh-meats that thou may'st return home a lusty Young Man and presently ordered divers sorts of Flesh both tame and wild to be set before him Which Cyrus perceiving Does your Majesty says he bestow upon me all this Variety to dispose of as I please Yea verily replied Astyages all this I freely give thee Then Cyrus taking the several Dishes bestowed them all amongst his Grandfather's domestick Servants using to every one these or the like Expressions This I bestow on thee for thy Diligence and Willingness to teach me to ride and on thee this which is what at present I have for the Javelin thou gavest me take thou this Donative for the good and faithful Service thou dost my Grandfather and thou this because thou dost reverence and honour my Mother And at this rate he continued till he had distributed amongst them all the Flesh-meats that were set before him Whereupon Astyages thus bespake him But why gavest thou nothing to Sacas my Cup-Bearer who is greatly my Favourite Now this Sacas was a very graceful Person and had an honourable Employ to introduce such as had business with Astyages and to deny those admittance whose Visits he thought unseasonable To which Cyrus as he was a Child not easily abashed very smartly made this Reply And why good Sir have you such a value and esteem for this Fellow Why says Astyages see'st thou not how neatly he performs and handsomly becomes his Office for these Kings Cup-bearers serve up their Wine with a singular Grace and have a delicate hand at filling it out They present their Cup bearing it so betwixt three Fingers that they may the most easily and commodiously deliver it to him that is to drink of it To whom Cyrus Let your highness then command Sacas to give me likewise a Cup that I also filling out dexteriously to you

awe so great a part of the World with the dread of his Name as that all men were struck with Astonishment and none durst lift up an hand against him yet could he withall raise in them such an affectionate desire of doing what should be grateful to him that they were always ready to make his Will the measure of their Obedience He made so many Nations his Dependents and Subjects that what way soever one should set out from his Royal Palace whether East West North or South to enumerate them all would be difficult Concerning this great Man so worthy our Admiration I have made diligent search how he was descended what his natural Inclination and what his Education whereby he became so excellent above all others in Princely Government so that whatsoever either upon Enquiry I have learn'd or otherwise know of him I shall endeavour to declare Cyrus's Father as is commonly reported was Cambyses King of Persia now this Cambyses was a Descendent of the Race of the Persidae so called in honour of Perseus and 't is confessed on all hands that his Mother was Mandana Daughter of Astyages King of the Medes Now 't is said of Cyrus and he is renowned as such even at this day among the Barbarians that he was a man by Nature most graceful and affable a great Admirer of Learning and Lover of Honour in pursuit of which he would undergo any Hardship and encounter any Danger And being as is recorded of him naturally qualified with such Ornaments both of Body and Mind he was instructed in the Laws of the Persians which seem chiefly to take care of and design the Advancement of the common Good Nor do they begin there or primarily intend that which the Laws of most other Cities do for They for the most part leave all Persons at their Liberty to educate their Children as they please and indulge the Elder sort the same freedom of living as they will they enjoyn them indeed not to commit Theft or Rapine not to plunder their Neighbours to strike no Man wrongfully not to commit Adultery not to be disobedient to the Magistrate c. So that whosoever shall transgress against any of these Ordinances the Law has provided a Penalty for him But to prevent this the Laws of the Persians make Provision betimes that no free-born Citizen there may even from the beginning have so much as an Inclination to act any thing that is base or dishonourable The method they take is this They have a Place called the Free Court where are erected the Palace Royal and other Princely Edifices from whence Merchandise and Traders and the Clamours and Insolence of those kind of People are referred to another Place lest their tumultuary Proceedings should disturb the decent Order and corrupt the good Manners of those that came there to be instructed This publick Place or Court aforesaid is divided into four parts one whereof is for the Children another for the Young Men a third for those that are fully arrived at Man's Estate and a fourth for such as by reason of their Age are discharged from all Military Duty Now according to the Prescript of the Law every one of these attend in his proper Place and Season The Youth and those that are at Man's Estate early in the Morning by Break of Day but the Elderly Men beside certain set Days to which they are bound appear only there as every one's Occasions permit them The Young Men being provided of light Armour lodge about the Palace except those that are married whose Attendance is never required unless they are summoned no●… yet is it for their Credit to be often absent Over each of these Divisions are twelve Presidents because the Persians are divided into so many Tribes Such of the Old Men are chosen to preside over the Children as are supposed fittest to render them compleatly good and vertuous men Over the Young Men such of those at Man's Estate as are thought likeliest to make them the most gallant Persons And over those at Man's Estate such especially as may make them obedient to the Supreme Magistrate in what he commands and ready to perform what he enjoyns Nor are the Old Men without their Prefects who are chosen purposely to inspect them that they also may be faithful in the discharge of their Duties I shall likewise particularly declare what by the Law is incumbent upon every Age to perform that so it may the more evidently appear how sollicitous and careful they are that the Subjects of their State may approve themselves right honest Men. Now the Children that come to these Schools employ their time in learning Principles of Justice and for this purpose are said to attend as constantly here as with us they do that go to learn Letters Then for their Governours they spend most part of the day in giving Judgment among them for even they as well as men have mutual Indictments and Accusations one against another of Thest Rapine Violence Fraud Slander and the like and they certainly punish whomsoever they find guilty of any such crime those also that without any just Cause are found to bring false Accusations against their Fellows They condemn all those litigious Wranglings which create mutual Animosities and Hatred among men especially they give Judgment against Ingratitude so that when they know any one that has both Ability and Opportunity to be grateful and is not him they punish very severely for that they believe ungrateful men above all others to have no Regard of the Gods their Parents Country or Friends Besides they look upon Ingratitude to be constantly attended with Impudence and that is the great Incentive to all manner of Lewdness and Debauchery Moreover they instruct the Children in the Rules of Sobriety to the acquiring of which 't is very conducible that they have before their Eyes Examples of Old Men that spend their days in Moderation and Temperance They are taught also to yield Obedience to the Magistrate to which they are mightily encouraged by seeing the Elders so cheerfully obey the Hig●…er Powers They learn here likewise to be sparing and moderate in their Diet and to make them so it contributes very much first that they never see the Old Men depart to take any Refreshment before they are dismiss'd by their Superiours and then that they themselves receive their Sustenance not from their Mothers but from their Masters hands and that too upon notice first given by the President They bring with them from home for their ordinary Food Bread and for their other meats Cresses for their Drink if any one thirst they have an earthen Pot to draw up Water out of the River They learn here also the use of the Bow to shoot and to dart and this is their Duty this they practise till they come to the Age of Sixteen or Seventeen from which time they are reckoned among the Ephebi

by one and place himself in the Front He commanded him likewise to give the same Charge to the next and so on that it might pass through the whole Army In obedience to his Commands they immediately gave the Charge and All as readily perform'd it so that in a very short time there were two Hundred in the Fore-front for so many principal Captains he had and the Files were each of them an hundred-deep In this Order he commanded them to follow as he should lead them and presently he began to march at a very great rate But when he understood that the way leading to the Palace-Royal was too narrow for them to march thus all afront he gave Command that the first Thousand should follow him in the same Order they were placed and that the next Thousand should close with their Rere-ward and follow them and the same Method to be observ'd throughout the whole Army Thus he led them on without any stop and one Thousand still orderly succeeded and followed another He dispatch'd likewise before him two of his Attendants to make Proof of the straightness of the Way that so if any one were at a loss therein they might of them be informed what they ought to do Now when they were come to Cyaxares his Palace-Gates he commanded the Captain of the first Band so to order his Files that they might stand twelve deep and to place the File-Leaders afront before the Palace He commanded that the same Charge should be given to the second Captain and so on throughout the Army And all this they accordingly perform'd Cyrus came into Cyaxares's Presence in a plain Persian Robe whom when Cyaxares saw being well pleased that he had repair'd to him with such Celerity and Dispatch but disturb'd at the Meanness of his Garment he thus bespake him What mean you Cyrus to appear thus in such a Garb before the Indian Embassy My Desire was that you should have made your Entry in a most splendid manner for it would have been much for my Reputation and Honour that my Nephew should have appear'd in all Magnificence and Royalty To this Cyrus reply'd Whether should I have done you more Honour by deferring and slighting the Execution of your Commands that so I might have come before you array'd in Purple adorn'd with Bracelets and bedeck'd with Chains or rather as I have now done by expressing my Obedience and Diligence in leading hither so great and gallant an Army and all to maintain your Grandeur and Honour I come adorn'd you see with Sweat and Labour that I may make you glorious by teaching others to obey you When Cyrus had thus spoke Cyaxares approv'd well of what he said and commanded that the Indian Ambassadours should be introduc'd Who when they were admitted to Audience declar'd that they were sent by the King of India with Instructions to demand the Reasons and Grounds of the War betwixt the Medes and Assyrians and that when they had receiv'd his Answer they vvere further impovver'd to go likevvise and demand the same of the King of Assyria and upon the whole matter to let each of you understand that the Indian King was resolved out of a due regard to Justice and Equity to joyn with and ass●…ist the injur'd Party To this Embassy Cyaxares answer'd Hear therefore what I shall declare We have been no ways injurious to the Assyrian King Go on therefore in your vvay to him and learn vvhat his Declaration is in this Point Cyrus also being present crav'd leave of Cyaxares to impart his Thoughts to them vvhich being granted he thus bespake them To the King of India Your Master if Cyaxares please make this Report That if the King of Assyria pretend he has been any ways injur'd by Us We declare'tis our Resolution to refer to the King of India the Arbitration of the Matter Their Audience thus ended they departed whereupon Cyrus began to address himself to Cyaxares in this manner I came from Home furnish'd with no great store of Treasure of my own and of what I had I have very little left having expended most of it upon my Souldiers which perhaps you may wonder at in regard'tis You that Victual and provide for the Army But assure your self I have employ'd it no otherwise than in rewarding and gratifying such of them as have deserv'd my Admiration and Esteem For I am clearly of Opinion that for all such whose Assistance we desire in any Concern whatsoever 't is much more easie and pleasant to win and ingage them to us by good Words and kind Treatment than to fright them into their Duty by Rigour and Compulsion And especially in Cases of War he that would have his Souldiers cheerfully and heartily espouse his Cause must be sure to gain upon them by all manner of indearing and gracious Expressions for they must be Friends and not Foes that will stand and fall with and without any little pretences for Excuse follow the Fortune of their General neither repining at his Successes nor murmuring at his Misfortunes These things consider'd I conceive it necessary that I have Treasure at Command But to expect a Supply of every thing from you especially when I know what extraordinary Charges you are at I look upon it to be very preposterous and absurd Therefore I think You and I ought joyntly to consult the common Interest that you may not be destitute of Money For this I am assured of if you abound I shall not want when I have occasion especially if I receive it with that Intent that the expending thereof may redound the more to your Honour and Advantage Sir I remember I lately heard you say That the Armenian King does at this Juncture despise you because he is advertised our Enemies are coming against Us so that he will neither assist you with an Army nor send the Tribute he stands obliged to pay This is the Case Cyrus quoth he and thus he treats me so that I am at a Stand whether I should make War upon him and by force of Arms endeavour to bring him to Reason or whether as Affairs now are it were not better for me to take no notice of him lest thereby I should oblige him also to joyn with and increase the Number of our Enemies Cyrus then proceeded to enquire Are the Towns of Armenia situate in strong defensible Places or not Why truly reply'd Cyaxares they are not very strongly fortified for I have been particularly curious in that Point But Mountains there are whither if the Armenian King retire he may so secure himself and whatsoever he removes thither that he need not fall quickly into the Enemy's Hand unless he will sit down to beleaguer and streighten him with a standing Camp as my Father has sometimes done Here Cyrus went on and said If therefore you think fit to send me with a convenient Number of Horse I doubt not but with the Gods Assistance to compell