consent_n a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n xxvii_o of_o the_o right_a that_o lord_n have_v over_o their_o servant_n xxviii_o how_o far_o this_o right_n extend_v as_o to_o life_n and_o death_n xxix_o what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n determine_v as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v bear_v unto_o servant_n xxx_o of_o servitude_n there_o be_v divers_a kind_n xxxi_o what_o power_n by_o consent_n one_o nation_n have_v over_o another_o that_o free_o subject_n itself_o xxxii_o what_o right_a be_v acquire_v over_o person_n for_o some_o crime_n commit_v i._o the_o right_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n a_o kind_a of_o right_n may_v be_v gain_v over_o person_n as_o well_o as_o thing_n and_o that_o either_o by_o generation_n by_o consent_n or_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o some_o delinquency_n by_o generation_n so_o both_o the_o parent_n have_v equal_a right_n over_o their_o child_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o they_o differ_v in_o their_o command_n the_o father_n as_o be_v of_o the_o more_o noble_a sex_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v before_o the_o mother_n of_o this_o mind_n be_v st._n chrysostom_n 11.3_o 1_o cor._n 11.3_o it_o be_v expedient_a say_v he_o that_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v subject_a unto_o she_o own_o husband_n for_o equality_n in_o honour_n beget_v quarrel_n and_o st._n augustine_n also_o a_o son_n bear_v in_o lawful_a wedlock_n 191._o ep._n 191._o be_v more_o at_o the_o command_n of_o his_o father_n than_o of_o his_o mother_n ii_o this_o right_n differ_v according_a to_o the_o age_n and_o discretion_n of_o their_o child_n in_o child_n we_o must_v distinguish_v their_o three_o different_a time_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o their_o infancy_n whilst_o they_o be_v of_o unripe_a judgement_n not_o able_a to_o know_v good_a from_o evil_n not_o to_o distinguish_v truth_n from_o error_n the_o second_o be_v when_o they_o grow_v to_o ripe_a judgement_n but_o yet_o continue_v in_o their_o father_n family_n the_o three_o period_n be_v this_o when_o they_o be_v separate_v from_o their_o father_n and_o have_v family_n of_o their_o own_o during_o the_o first_o of_o these_o all_o the_o action_n of_o the_o child_n ought_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o parent_n for_o it_o be_v but_o equal_a that_o he_o that_o can_v govern_v himself_o shall_v be_v govern_v by_o another_o 6._o vide_fw-la supra_fw-la c._n 3._o §._o 6._o and_o natural_o there_o be_v none_o so_o fit_a to_o govern_v the_o child_n as_o the_o parent_n and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o child_n be_v then_o capable_a of_o inherit_v a_o estate_n though_o he_o be_v just_o restrain_v from_o manage_v of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o immature_n judgement_n this_o be_v plutarch_n observation_n where_o he_o say_v 2._o de_fw-fr fort_fw-fr alex._n lib._n 2._o that_o child_n have_v a_o right_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o inheritance_n but_o not_o to_o the_o use_n of_o it_o neither_o be_v it_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o all_o that_o be_v the_o child_n shall_v be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o parent_n but_o from_o the_o law_n of_o some_o people_n which_o do_v in_o this_o case_n sometime_o distinguish_v the_o father_n from_o the_o mother_n as_o they_o do_v also_o between_o their_o bond_n and_o free_a child_n and_o between_o the_o natural_a issue_n and_o legitimate_a of_o which_o distinction_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n take_v no_o cognizance_n except_o only_o of_o the_o privilege_n of_o sex_n where_o both_o parent_n contend_v who_o shall_v command_v the_o child_n iii_o the_o second_o period_n while_o the_o child_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parent_n family_n in_o the_o second_o period_n when_o the_o child_n judgement_n be_v ripen_v with_o his_o year_n yet_o abide_v in_o his_o father_n house_n those_o action_n of_o the_o child_n only_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o command_n of_o his_o parent_n that_o be_v of_o moment_n to_o the_o well_o order_v of_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o father_n or_o of_o his_o mother_n family_n for_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o every_o part_n shall_v endeavour_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o in_o his_o other_o action_n he_o have_v a_o moral_a power_n to_o do_v whatsoever_o his_o own_o judgement_n shall_v guide_v he_o to_o provide_v that_o in_o all_o thing_n he_o endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o please_v his_o parent_n but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o debt_n arise_v not_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o moral_a faculty_n as_o those_o above_o but_o from_o the_o duty_n of_o piety_n reverence_n and_o gratitude_n it_o can_v make_v void_a those_o action_n of_o he_o that_o be_v otherwise_o do_v no_o more_o than_o it_o will_v suffice_v to_o avoid_v any_o grant_n or_o gift_n give_v by_o the_o right_a owner_n to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o parsimony_n iv_o of_o parent_n coercive_a power_n during_o both_o these_o space_n of_o time_n parent_n have_v a_o right_v not_o to_o govern_v only_o but_o to_o punish_v and_o to_o enforce_v obedience_n from_o their_o child_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v either_o compel_v to_o their_o duty_n or_o to_o reform_v what_o be_v amiss_o but_o as_o to_o great_a punishment_n we_o shall_v discourse_v elsewhere_o v._o their_o power_n to_o sell_v they_o although_o the_o paternal_a right_n be_v so_o inherent_a in_o the_o father_n person_n as_o that_o it_o can_v no_o way_n be_v either_o take_v from_o he_o or_o transfer_v to_o another_o yet_o natural_o if_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v not_o restrain_v the_o father_n have_v power_n to_o pawn_v or_o if_o necessity_n so_o require_v to_o sell_v his_o son_n goth._n hist_o goth._n if_o he_o have_v no_o other_o way_n or_o mean_n to_o maintain_v he_o thus_o the_o goth_n as_o jornandes_n record_v solicitous_a of_o their_o child_n safety_n choose_v rather_o to_o preserve_v their_o life_n than_o their_o liberty_n and_o therefore_o in_o compassion_n think_v it_o better_a to_o sell_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v and_o nourish_v as_o slave_n than_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o die_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o freedom_n which_o right_o other_o nation_n seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o that_o old_a theban_a law_n recite_v by_o aelian_a which_o also_o seem_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o phoenician_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o also_o from_o the_o hebrew_n and_o by_o they_o to_o the_o grecian_n as_o apollonius_n observe_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o domitian_n for_o nature_n itself_o be_v presume_v to_o give_v we_o a_o right_a to_o all_o that_o without_o which_o that_o which_o she_o command_v can_v be_v obtain_v vi_o their_o power_n over_o they_o when_o separate_a from_o they_o in_o the_o three_o space_n or_o period_n that_o be_v when_o the_o child_n be_v grow_v to_o maturity_n and_o in_o another_o family_n by_o themselves_o then_o they_o be_v free_a to_o do_v what_o please_v themselves_o always_o pay_v the_o duty_n of_o piety_n and_o reverence_n to_o they_o which_o be_v a_o obligation_n never_o to_o be_v cancel_v 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their_o own_o family_n 3._o the_o roman_n give_v as_o much_o power_n over_o their_o son_n as_o over_o slave_n pyrrhoniorum_fw-la 3._o before_o they_o be_v make_v free_a which_o power_n they_o themselves_o confess_v that_o other_o people_n have_v not_o over_o they_o so_o say_v sextus_n empericus_n the_o roman_a lawgiver_n give_v as_o much_o power_n to_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n as_o over_o their_o slave_n for_o the_o good_n of_o the_o child_n be_v not_o repute_v they_o but_o their_o parent_n until_o they_o be_v manumit_v in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n as_o their_o slave_n be_v which_o other_o lawmaker_n reject_v as_o tyrannical_a the_o like_a do_v philo_n record_v of_o they_o all_o manner_n of_o power_n over_o the_o son_n be_v by_o the_o roman_n give_v to_o the_o father_n
parent_n to_o love_v their_o child_n than_o for_o child_n their_o parent_n and_o that_o also_o of_o aristotle_n that_o which_o beget_v be_v always_o better_o affect_v to_o the_o thing_n beget_v than_o that_o which_o be_v beget_v can_v be_v to_o the_o begetter_n for_o that_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v our_o own_o which_o derive_v its_o be_v from_o we_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o without_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o first_o succession_n to_o the_o good_n of_o the_o parent_n be_v transmit_v to_o their_o child_n it_o be_v presume_v that_o next_o after_o themselves_o they_o will_v that_o those_o bear_v of_o they_o as_o be_v part_n of_o their_o own_o body_n shall_v be_v plentiful_o supply_v with_o all_o thing_n not_o only_o necessary_a for_o life_n but_o for_o a_o more_o honest_a and_o comfortable_a livelihood_n insomuch_o that_o be_v all_o humane_a law_n asleep_o yet_o as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n observe_v will_v natural_a reason_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o silent_a law_n adjudge_v the_o father_n inheritance_n unto_o his_o child_n and_o invest_v they_o in_o it_o as_o their_o due_a by_o a_o undoubted_a succession_n but_o yet_o as_o papinianus_n note_n can_v parent_n claim_v the_o estate_n of_o their_o child_n by_o the_o same_o right_n as_o child_n do_v the_o inheritance_n of_o their_o parent_n for_o parent_n be_v admit_v to_o their_o child_n good_n mere_o out_o of_o commiseration_n but_o child_n to_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o parent_n by_o the_o common_a vote_n that_o be_v both_o of_o nature_n and_o of_o their_o parent_n philo_z in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o the_o life_n of_o moses_n give_v this_o reason_n why_o moses_n make_v no_o provision_n for_o parent_n out_o of_o their_o child_n estate_n because_o see_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v provide_v that_o child_n shall_v succeed_v their_o parent_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o not_o parent_n their_o child_n therefore_o do_v moses_n pass_v over_o in_o silence_n what_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o desire_n of_o all_o parent_n and_o may_v prove_v unlucky_a hence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o parent_n descend_v upon_o their_o child_n by_o a_o twofold_a right_n partly_o as_o a_o mere_a debt_n of_o nature_n and_o partly_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v the_o will_n of_o their_o parent_n that_o their_o own_o child_n shall_v be_v best_o provide_v for_o 9_o lib._n 5._o c._n 9_o sanguini_fw-la honorem_fw-la relinquit_fw-la say_v val._n max._n of_o quintus_n hortensius_n his_o honour_n he_o bequeath_v to_o his_o blood_n for_o though_o he_o detest_v the_o wicked_a life_n of_o his_o son_n yet_o die_v ne_o ordinem_fw-la naturae_fw-la confunderet_fw-la non_fw-la nepotes_fw-la sed_fw-la filium_fw-la haeredem_fw-la scripsit_fw-la to_o preserve_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n he_o make_v his_o son_n and_o not_o his_o nephew_n heir_n to_o his_o estate_n think_v it_o enough_o that_o he_o have_v declare_v his_o dislike_n of_o his_o son_n ill_a manner_n while_o he_o live_v and_o therefore_o die_a ib._n ib._n he_o leave_v he_o the_o honour_n due_a to_o his_o blood_n the_o like_a he_o record_v of_o fulvius_n who_o cause_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v apprehend_v for_o conspire_v his_o death_n do_v not_o only_o forbear_v to_o prosecute_v he_o while_o he_o live_v but_o die_v dominum_fw-la omnium_fw-la esse_fw-la voluit_fw-la quem_fw-la genuerat_fw-la haeredem_fw-la iâ—â—â—ituens_fw-la non_fw-la quem_fw-la fuerat_fw-la expertus_fw-la make_v he_o heir_n of_o all_o he_o have_v regard_v his_o birth_n and_o blood_n and_o not_o his_o crime_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o st._n paul_n child_n do_v not_o lay_v up_o for_o their_o parent_n 12.14_o 2_o cor._n 12.14_o but_o parent_n for_o their_o child_n vi_o of_o representative_a succession_n now_o because_o it_o be_v thus_o natural_a and_o ordinary_a for_o parent_n to_o take_v care_n of_o their_o child_n education_n therefore_o while_o they_o live_v there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n upon_o the_o grand_a parent_n to_o give_v they_o maintenance_n yet_o in_o case_n the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n die_v or_o be_v otherwise_o disable_v than_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n which_o in_o all_o equity_n the_o parent_n of_o the_o decease_a son_n or_o daughter_n be_v oblige_v unto_o to_o see_v their_o nephew_n or_o niece_n virtuous_o bring_v up_o and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o duty_n incumbent_a on_o the_o parent_n of_o more_o remote_a degree_n if_o these_o fail_n and_o from_o hence_o arise_v the_o right_a of_o the_o nephew_n to_o inherit_v the_o estate_n instead_o of_o a_o decease_a son_n as_o ulpian_n speak_v which_o give_v occasion_n to_o that_o hebrew_n saying_n filius_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o sepulchro_fw-la succedit_fw-la that_o the_o son_n succeed_v though_o in_o his_o grave_n because_o filii_fw-la filiorum_fw-la sunt_fw-la quasi_fw-la silij_fw-la the_o son_n of_o that_o dead_a son_n be_v repute_v son_n and_o as_o modestinus_n speak_v shall_v fill_v up_o the_o vacant_a place_n of_o their_o dead_a father_n justinian_n think_v nothing_o more_o unreasonable_a than_o this_o that_o the_o nephew_n shall_v succeed_v instead_o of_o the_o decease_a father_n in_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o grandfather_n in_o case_n he_o die_v intestate_a and_o this_o kind_n of_o vice-succession_n our_o modern_a civilian_n do_v affect_o call_v representative_a when_o the_o son_n claim_v a_o estate_n by_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o their_o father_n be_v dead_a and_o that_o that_o manner_n of_o right_n be_v approve_v of_o among_o the_o hebrew_n the_o division_n of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n among_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n do_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v as_o our_o son_n and_o daughter_n be_v near_a unto_o we_o in_o blood_n so_o be_v those_o who_o be_v bear_v of_o either_o of_o they_o as_o demosthenes_n observe_v in_o his_o oration_n against_o macartatus_n vii_o abdication_n or_o exheredation_n what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v concern_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n arise_v from_o our_o conjecture_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o intestate_a be_v of_o force_n if_o there_o appear_v no_o certain_a sign_n that_o he_o be_v otherwise_o mind_v such_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v among_o the_o grecian_n a_o abdication_n or_o a_o manifest_a renounce_n or_o cast_v off_o of_o the_o person_n claim_v and_o among_o the_o roman_n a_o open_a disinherit_n of_o he_o yet_o so_o that_o if_o that_o person_n do_v not_o by_o his_o crime_n deserve_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n he_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v sufficient_a to_o sustain_v nature_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a viii_o the_o right_n of_o bastard_n and_o here_o we_o may_v add_v another_o exception_n to_o this_o general_a rule_n that_o be_v if_o it_o do_v not_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o such_o a_o son_n or_o daughter_n be_v beget_v by_o he_o but_o yet_o we_o know_v that_o of_o such_o matter_n of_o fact_n there_o can_v be_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n but_o of_o such_o act_n as_o be_v public_o do_v before_o man_n there_o may_v be_v some_o certainty_n upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o such_o as_o behold_v they_o in_o which_o sense_n the_o mother_n may_v be_v certain_a that_o the_o child_n be_v she_o by_o those_o who_o be_v present_a at_o its_o birth_n and_o education_n but_o thus_o certain_o can_v a_o father_n be_v which_o homer_n first_o and_o after_o he_o menander_n thus_o intimate_v know_v direct_o no_o man_n can_v from_o what_o stock_n himself_o first_o spring_v and_o so_o in_o another_o place_n he_o thus_o distinguish_v between_o the_o parent_n father_n do_v love_v their_o child_n mother_n dote_v she_o know_v they_o she_o but_o this_o he_o take_v by_o rote_n therefore_o some_o way_n be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v find_v whereby_o it_o may_v probable_o appear_v who_o the_o father_n of_o every_o child_n be_v and_o this_o be_v marriage_n take_v in_o its_o natural_a term_n that_o be_v for_o such_o a_o cohabitation_n as_o place_v the_o woman_n under_o the_o custody_n or_o safeguard_n of_o the_o man_n but_o whether_o by_o this_o or_o some_o other_o way_n the_o true_a father_n of_o the_o child_n be_v know_v or_o that_o any_o man_n do_v own_o the_o child_n as_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o child_n as_o well_o as_o that_o bear_v in_o marriage_n shall_v inherit_v neither_o be_v this_o strange_a see_v that_o we_o see_v mere_a stranger_n be_v adopt_v for_o son_n to_o succeed_v in_o the_o jnheritance_n only_o by_o conjecture_n at_o the_o owner_n will_n and_o the_o nephew_n instead_o of_o the_o father_n as_o old_a jacob_n adopt_v ephraim_n and_o manasses_n into_o the_o number_n of_o his_o son_n in_o the_o stead_n of_o their_o father_n joseph_n but_o our_o natural_a issue_n be_v difference_v from_o our_o legitimate_a by_o law_n only_o so_o euripides_n bastard_n no_o less_o than_o those_o in_o wedlock_n bear_v be_v we_o although_o by_o law_n
do_v even_o the_o balance_n and_o which_o he_o there_o call_v commutative_a but_o these_o require_v yet_o a_o more_o strict_a disquisition_n i_o say_v then_o that_o every_o punishment_n respect_v the_o good_a either_o of_o the_o person_n punish_v or_o of_o the_o person_n injure_v or_o of_o every_o man_n indistinct_o the_o first_o of_o these_o aim_n at_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o person_n punish_v and_o be_v call_v by_o philosopher_n sometime_o reformation_n sometime_o satisfaction_n and_o sometime_o admonition_n paulus_n the_o lawyer_n call_v it_o a_o punishment_n ordain_v for_o reformation_n and_o plato_n to_o teach_v we_o prudence_n plutarch_n the_o soul_n empiric_n whereby_o she_o be_v amend_v and_o make_v better_a as_o by_o physic_n which_o work_v by_o contrary_n for_o because_o all_o humane_a act_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v frequent_a and_o deliberate_a do_v beget_v a_o proneness_n in_o nature_n unto_o the_o same_o which_o at_o length_n turn_v into_o a_o habit_n therefore_o if_o such_o a_o act_n be_v vicious_a we_o must_v as_o soon_o as_o we_o can_v take_v away_o all_o allurement_n and_o provocation_n thereunto_o which_o can_v by_o any_o mean_v more_o proper_o be_v do_v than_o by_o allay_v the_o sweetness_n of_o the_o sin_n by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o punishment_n the_o platonist_n as_o apuleius_n testify_v hold_v that_o there_o be_v no_o punishment_n so_o severe_a as_o to_o go_v unpunished_a 3._o ann._n 3._o and_o tacitus_n will_v instruct_v we_o that_o the_o corrupter_n and_o the_o corrupt_a the_o sick_a and_o the_o distemper_a mind_n be_v to_o be_v restrain_v with_o no_o gentle_a medicine_n than_o be_v those_o very_a lust_n that_o inflame_v they_o and_o therefore_o as_o a_o tender_a mother_n imbitter_v the_o nipple_n when_o she_o wean_v her_o infant_n 2._o sen._n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la lib._n 2._o or_o as_o a_o skilful_a chirurgeon_n lance_v burn_v and_o scarify_v his_o patient_n who_o he_o intend_v to_o cure_v so_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o prudent_a magistrate_n corrigendo_fw-la mederi_fw-la to_o reclaim_v and_o reform_v a_o malefactor_n by_o sharp_a but_o seasonable_a punishment_n vii_o 1._o to_o the_o offender_n now_o the_o punishment_n that_o serve_v to_o this_o end_n may_v lawful_o be_v inflict_v by_o any_o man_n that_o be_v prudent_a and_o judicious_a and_o not_o guilty_a of_o the_o same_o or_o of_o the_o like_a fault_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v verbal_a only_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o that_o in_o plautus_n amicum_fw-la castigare_fw-la ob_fw-la meritam_fw-la noxiam_fw-la immune_fw-la est_fw-la facinus_fw-la verum_fw-la in_o aetate_fw-la utile_fw-la a_o friend_n to_o chide_v for_o what_o unjust_a appear_v be_v blameless_a sure_a but_o most_o in_o man_n of_o year_n but_o if_o it_o be_v by_o stripe_n or_o any_o other_o forceable_a mean_n then_o be_v it_o not_o equal_o lawful_a for_o every_o man_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o difference_n between_o person_n lawful_o or_o unlawful_o punish_v arise_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n neither_o indeed_o can_v it_o but_o that_o reason_n peculiar_o commend_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o this_o right_n to_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n because_o they_o be_v so_o dear_o affect_v towards_o they_o but_o from_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o man_n which_o to_o preserve_v love_n among_o neighbour_n and_o to_o prevent_v strife_n and_o discord_n do_v restrain_v this_o common_a duty_n and_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n as_o appear_v as_o well_o by_o the_o code_o of_o justinian_n under_o this_o title_n de_fw-fr emendatione_fw-la propinquorum_fw-la as_o elsewhere_o apposite_a hereunto_o be_v that_o of_o xenophon_n to_o his_o soldier_n if_o i_o shall_v strike_v any_o man_n for_o his_o good_a i_o confess_v i_o thereby_o deserve_v a_o punishment_n but_o no_o other_o than_o parent_n do_v from_o their_o child_n or_o master_n from_o their_o scholar_n for_o even_o physician_n sometime_o lance_n cup_n and_o scarify_v their_o patient_n when_o otherwise_o they_o can_v cure_v they_o god_n himself_o say_v lactantius_n command_v we_o to_o keep_v a_o strict_a hand_n over_o our_o child_n that_o be_v to_o chastise_v they_o as_o often_o as_o they_o transgress_v lest_o by_o overmuch_a fondness_n and_o indulgence_n they_o prove_v ill_o nurture_v and_o contract_n unto_o themselves_o vicious_a habit_n but_o this_o kind_n of_o punishment_n never_o reach_v unto_o death_n because_o death_n take_v away_o all_o hope_n of_o reformation_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o reduction_n whereby_o negative_n be_v reduce_v to_o their_o opposite_a positives_n 14.21_o mark_n 14.21_o as_o in_o that_o speech_n of_o our_o saviour_n it_o have_v be_v better_a for_o some_o that_o they_o have_v never_o be_v bear_v that_o be_v it_o have_v be_v less_o evil_a for_o they_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o incorrigible_a sinner_n it_o be_v better_o for_o they_o that_o be_v less_o evil_a for_o they_o to_o die_v than_o to_o live_v jamblichus_n de_fw-fr ira._n c._n 5._o interest_n pereuntium_fw-la ut_fw-la pereant_fw-la jamblichus_n and_o of_o such_o it_o be_v that_o seneca_n mean_v when_o he_o say_v that_o sometime_o it_o be_v good_a for_o they_o that_o die_v that_o they_o do_v die_v as_o when_o a_o tumour_n or_o imposthume_n be_v grow_v to_o suppuration_n better_o it_o be_v to_o burn_v a_o hole_n thereby_o to_o discharge_v part_n of_o that_o impostumate_v matter_n than_o long_a to_o imprison_v it_o so_o for_o a_o man_n that_o be_v past_a hope_n and_o desperate_o wicked_a it_o be_v better_a for_o he_o to_o die_v than_o to_o live_v for_o as_o plutarch_n speak_v of_o such_o they_o be_v noxious_a to_o other_o but_o most_o to_o themselves_o so_o galen_n when_o he_o have_v say_v that_o some_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n first_o to_o prevent_v the_o mischief_n they_o will_v do_v be_v they_o suffer_v to_o live_v next_o that_o by_o their_o death_n other_o may_v be_v forewarn_v add_v in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o it_o be_v expedient_a even_o for_o themselves_o to_o die_v be_v so_o whole_o corrupt_v in_o mind_n and_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o reclaim_v they_o some_o there_o be_v who_o think_v that_o st._n john_n speak_v of_o such_o man_n when_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o sin_n unto_o death_n 1_o john_n 5.16_o 5.16_o 1_o john_n 5.16_o and_o st._n chrysostome_n speak_v of_o such_o say_v that_o they_o be_v like_o man_n irrecoverable_o sick_a so_o julian_n of_o constantius_n see_v that_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o offence_n some_o that_o be_v corrigible_a as_o not_o despise_v the_o mean_n of_o their_o cure_n other_o of_o man_n desperate_o wicked_a and_o incorrigible_a for_o these_o the_o law_n have_v find_v out_o a_o remedy_n by_o death_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o their_o wickedness_n not_o so_o much_o for_o their_o own_o as_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o other_o but_o because_o no_o argument_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o prove_v this_o but_o what_o be_v fallacious_a therefore_o in_o very_a charity_n we_o be_v not_o rash_o to_o judge_v any_o man_n case_n to_o be_v desperate_a and_o therefore_o this_o kind_n of_o punishment_n i_o mean_v by_o death_n be_v seldom_o inflict_v to_o this_o end_n namely_o for_o emendation_n viii_o to_o he_o against_o who_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v we_o some_o resemblance_n of_o this_o there_o be_v in_o some_o beast_n pliny_n record_v it_o of_o the_o lion_n that_o in_o poenam_fw-la adulterae_fw-la consurgit_fw-la he_o rise_v up_o to_o revenge_v himself_o of_o his_o adulteress_n nat._n hist._n 8._o 16._o three_o way_n to_o provide_v for_o one_o safety_n against_o he_o that_o have_v injure_v we_o the_o benefit_n that_o accrue_v by_o punishment_n unto_o he_o against_o who_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o prevent_v the_o like_a mischief_n either_o by_o the_o same_o person_n or_o by_o other_o gellius_n out_o of_o taurus_n describe_v this_o kind_n of_o punishment_n thus_o when_o the_o authority_n or_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v be_v to_o be_v uphold_v and_o maintain_v then_o be_v the_o punishment_n necessary_a lest_o if_o it_o go_v unpunished_a that_o authority_n be_v hold_v in_o contempt_n and_o the_o honour_n lose_v now_o what_o be_v there_o say_v concern_v authority_n be_v also_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o liberty_n or_o of_o any_o thing_n else_o wherein_o we_o may_v claim_v a_o just_a right_n for_o he_o that_o suffer_v one_o injury_n to_o go_v unpunished_a do_v but_o invite_v another_o wherefore_o tacitus_n concern_v one_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n say_v well_o consuleret_fw-la securitati_fw-la justâ_fw-la ultione_fw-la he_o may_v have_v better_o provide_v for_o his_o own_o safety_n by_o a_o just_a revenge_n now_o to_o the_o end_n that_o a_o man_n may_v secure_v himself_o against_o he_o that_o have_v former_o injure_v he_o there_o be_v three_o mean_n first_o by_o put_v he_o to_o death_n that_o
than_o both_o the_o former_a namely_o that_o thereby_o he_o be_v compel_v by_o the_o law_n against_o his_o will_n to_o do_v good_a in_o a_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a concernment_n to_o a_o person_n who_o he_o hate_v and_o who_o he_o wish_v it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n everlasting_o to_o vex_v and_o torment_v whereas_o the_o servant_n for_o the_o wrong_n he_o have_v suffer_v receive_v this_o double_a comfort_n first_o that_o he_o enjoy_v what_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o most_o desire_n to_o wit_n his_o liberty_n and_o then_o that_o he_o be_v for_o ever_o free_v from_o the_o command_n of_o so_o cruel_a and_o severe_a a_o master_n v._n nor_o to_o impose_v too_o hard_a labour_n upon_o he_o neither_o be_v we_o to_o impose_v upon_o they_o too_o hard_a labour_n without_o regard_n have_v to_o their_o strength_n and_o health_n to_o this_o end_n with_o some_o other_o be_v the_o sabbath_n by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n institute_v namely_o that_o servant_n as_o well_o as_o beast_n may_v enjoy_v some_o refreshment_n from_o their_o labour_n do_v you_o not_o observe_v say_v seneca_n 47._o seneca_n ep._n 47._o how_o careful_a our_o forefather_n be_v as_o well_o to_o prevent_v all_o occasion_n of_o envy_n to_o master_n as_o of_o reproach_n to_o servant_n when_o they_o style_v the_o lord_n 10.14_o exod._n 20.10.23.14_o deut._n 10.14_o pater_fw-la familias_fw-la the_o father_n of_o the_o family_n and_o his_o servant_n familiares_fw-la his_o familiar_a friend_n so_o in_o another_o place_n he_o bitter_o inveigh_v against_o the_o too_o strict_a exaction_n of_o servant_n labour_n where_o speak_v of_o such_o he_o say_v 107._o ep._n 107._o nos_fw-la non_fw-la tanquam_fw-la hominibus_fw-la sed_fw-la tanquam_fw-la jumentis_fw-la abutimur_fw-la who_o we_o abuse_v not_o as_o man_n but_o as_o beast_n and_o dion_n prusaeensis_n describe_v a_o good_a king_n say_v that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o usurp_v the_o title_n of_o lord_n over_o his_o subject_n be_v freeman_n that_o he_o will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o it_o over_o his_o servant_n ulysses_n in_o homer_n profess_v 1._o od._n 1._o that_o those_o of_o his_o servant_n who_o he_o find_v faithful_a be_v as_o dear_a unto_o he_o as_o his_o own_o son_n telemachus_n gratius_n est_fw-la nomen_fw-la pictatis_fw-la quam_fw-la potestatis_fw-la tertul._n tertul._n much_o more_o graceful_a be_v that_o name_n which_o import_v piety_n than_o power_n and_o better_o it_o be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o father_n than_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o family_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o reason_n say_v lactantius_n 15._o lib._n 5._o c._n 15._o why_o we_o call_v each_o other_o brethren_n but_o because_o we_o believe_v that_o we_o be_v all_o by_o nature_n equal_a for_o since_o we_o esteem_v all_o humane_a thing_n not_o from_o or_o by_o their_o body_n but_o their_o spirit_n though_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o body_n be_v diverse_a yet_o be_v they_o not_o unto_o we_o servant_n but_o we_o both_o esteem_n of_o they_o and_o call_v they_o in_o spirit_n brethren_n but_o in_o religion_n our_o fellow-servant_n eccl._n de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la eccl._n thus_o also_o st_n augustin_n concern_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n thou_o i._n e._n the_o church_n teach_v servant_n to_o adhere_v to_o their_o master_n not_o as_o press_v thereunto_o by_o necessity_n but_o out_o of_o delight_n they_o shall_v take_v in_o do_v their_o duty_n thou_o teach_v master_n in_o imitation_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a lord_n and_o master_n of_o all_o to_o be_v gentle_a and_o merciful_a to_o their_o servant_n and_o to_o be_v always_o more_o propense_a to_o exhort_v and_o admonish_v they_o than_o by_o force_n to_o compel_v they_o to_o do_v their_o duty_n and_o in_o case_n they_o transgress_v rather_o to_o correct_v they_o as_o son_n than_o to_o rage_n and_o tyrannize_v over_o they_o as_o slave_n the_o like_a advice_n do_v st_n hierome_n or_o paulinus_n give_v unto_o celantia_n concern_v servant_n so_o order_n and_o govern_v thy_o house_n as_o though_o thou_o be_v rather_o a_o mother_n than_o a_o master_n in_o it_o and_o invite_v thy_o servant_n to_o reverence_v thou_o not_o by_o thy_o sharpness_n but_o by_o thy_o meekness_n and_o benignity_n 16._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 19_o c._n 16._o and_o st_n augâ—stin_n observe_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n good_a parent_n govern_v their_o family_n in_o this_o order_n as_o to_o temporal_a thing_n the_o condition_n of_o their_o child_n be_v much_o better_a than_o that_o of_o their_o servant_n but_o as_o to_o religious_a duty_n they_o make_v no_o distinction_n but_o servant_n as_o well_o as_o child_n be_v with_o the_o same_o affection_n instruct_v in_o the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n from_o whence_o every_o master_n be_v call_v pater_fw-la familias_fw-la which_o in_o time_n grow_v so_o common_a that_o even_o they_o that_o lord_v it_o over_o their_o servant_n with_o the_o great_a severity_n will_v not_o willing_o be_v call_v lord_n and_o for_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n be_v servant_n call_v child_n as_o servius_n note_v upon_o that_o of_o virgil_n claudite_fw-la jam_fw-la rivos_fw-la pveri_fw-la etc._n etc._n tacitus_n commend_v the_o german_n that_o they_o make_v the_o same_o account_n of_o their_o servant_n as_o they_o do_v of_o their_o farmer_n or_o tenant_n and_o theano_n in_o a_o epistle_n of_o he_o prescribe_v a_o just_a measure_n for_o servant_n namely_o that_o they_o shall_v neither_o be_v tire_v with_o over_o much_o labour_n nor_o weaken_v through_o want_n or_o poverty_n vi_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o servant_n how_o far_o the_o lord_n and_o how_o far_o his_o own_o to_o servant_n for_o their_o labour_n we_o owe_v aliment_n so_o say_v that_o wise_a son_n of_o syrach_n bread_n correction_n and_o work_n be_v due_a to_o a_o servant_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v aristotle_n 5._o aristotle_n oecon._n l._n 5._o the_o reward_n of_o a_o servant_n work_n be_v aliment_n neither_o be_v they_o much_o out_o who_o command_v we_o to_o use_v our_o servant_n as_o we_o do_v mercenary_n operam_fw-la exigendo_fw-la justa_fw-la praebendo_fw-la by_o exact_v their_o work_n and_o withal_o pay_v what_o be_v their_o due_n so_o provide_v for_o thy_o family_n say_v cato_n that_o they_o be_v not_o pine_v through_o hunger_n nor_o starve_v through_o cold_a there_o be_v somewhat_o say_v seneca_n 2._o seneca_n de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr l._n 2._o that_o a_o master_n owe_v unto_o his_o servant_n that_o be_v food_n and_o raiment_n and_o in_o another_o place_n tranquilitate_fw-la place_n idem_fw-la de_fw-la tranquilitate_fw-la familia_fw-la vestiarium_fw-la petit_fw-la victumque_fw-la a_o family_n require_v food_n and_o raiment_n for_o this_o it_o be_v that_o the_o roman_a captive_n plead_v unto_o bessus_n 3._o bessus_n procop._n goth._n 3._o give_v we_o say_v they_o at_o the_o least_o food_n as_o we_o be_v thy_o slave_n not_o as_o much_o as_o suffice_v though_o our_o necessity_n require_v it_o yet_o so_o much_o as_o may_v keep_v we_o alive_a st_n chrysostome_n give_v this_o advice_n to_o the_o master_n of_o a_o family_n 5.2_o family_n in_o eph._n 5.2_o if_o thy_o servant_n perform_v his_o daily_a labour_n for_o thou_o do_v thou_o feed_v he_o and_o beside_o his_o food_n provide_v that_o he_o be_v well_o clad_v and_o well_o shod_a and_o this_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o service_n that_o we_o owe_v unto_o our_o servant_n for_o unless_o thou_o do_v this_o office_n for_o he_o neither_o will_v he_o do_v his_o duty_n to_o thou_o but_o will_v remain_v free_a neque_fw-la ulla_fw-la eum_fw-la lex_fw-la constringit_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la alatur_fw-la operas_fw-la praestare_fw-la for_o there_o be_v no_o law_n to_o enforce_v he_o to_o perform_v his_o duty_n if_o thou_o neglect_v to_o perform_v thou_o the_o proportion_n allow_v to_o every_o captive_n among_o the_o roman_n be_v four_o roman_a bushel_n of_o corn_n for_o every_o month_n 1._o phorm_n act._n 1._o scen_n 1._o every_o such_o bushel_n contain_v of_o our_o measure_n about_o three_o pint_n and_o ten_o ounce_n above_o our_o peck_n as_o donatus_n upon_o terence_n inform_v we_o thus_o also_o martianus_n the_o lawyer_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o of_o necessity_n the_o lord_n must_v do_v for_o his_o servant_n namely_o to_o provide_v for_o he_o meat_n and_o clothing_n 1._o 〈…〉_o 7._o 〈…〉_o 11.1_o lib._n 1._o the_o sicilian_n stand_v condemn_v by_o all_o historian_n for_o their_o cruelty_n in_o famish_v the_o athenian_a captive_n so_o also_o do_v isaacus_n angelus_n for_o the_o like_a cruelty_n to_o the_o sicilian_a captive_n as_o nicetas_n record_v who_o also_o recite_v a_o epistle_n send_v by_o the_o king_n of_o sicily_n to_o the_o grecian_a emperor_n concern_v this_o matter_n beside_o seneca_n in_o the_o place_n before_o quote_v prove_n that_o servant_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n free_a and_o in_o some_o thing_n able_a to_o oblige_v their_o master_n by_o some_o courtesy_n as_o when_o they_o do_v more_o than_o be_v impose_v on_o
king_n though_o wicked_a for_o certain_o he_o by_o who_o providence_n all_o king_n reign_n will_v pursue_v the_o regicide_n with_o vengeance_n inevitable_o to_o reproach_v any_o private_a man_n false_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n but_o of_o a_o king_n wicked_a king_n must_v not_o be_v revile_v much_o less_o kill_v though_o wicked_a we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a though_o he_o deserve_v it_o because_o as_o he_o that_o write_v the_o problem_n father_v upon_o aristotle_n say_v he_o that_o speak_v evil_a of_o the_o governor_n scandalize_v the_o whole_a city_n so_o joab_n conclude_v concern_v shimei_n as_o josephus_n testify_v shall_v thou_o not_o die_v who_o presume_v to_o curse_v he_o who_o god_n have_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o law_n say_v julian_n be_v very_o severe_a on_o the_o behalf_n of_o prince_n for_o he_o that_o be_v injurious_a unto_o they_o do_v wilful_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n themselves_o misopogoris_fw-la misopogoris_fw-la now_o if_o we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a of_o king_n much_o less_o must_v we_o do_v evil_a against_o they_o david_n repent_v but_o for_o offer_v violence_n to_o saul_n garment_n so_o great_a be_v the_o reverence_n that_o he_o bear_v to_o his_o person_n and_o deserve_o for_o since_o their_o sovereign_a power_n can_v but_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o general_a hatred_n therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o their_o security_n shall_v especial_o be_v provide_v for_o this_o say_v quintilian_n be_v the_o fate_n of_o such_o as_o sit_v at_o the_o stern_a of_o government_n that_o they_o can_v discharge_v their_o duty_n faithful_o nor_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n without_o the_o envy_n of_o many_o king_n the_o law_n be_v severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n be_v the_o person_n of_o king_n guard_v with_o such_o severe_a law_n which_o seem_v like_o draco_n to_o be_v write_v in_o blood_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o enact_v by_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o tribune_n whereby_o their_o person_n become_v inviolable_a among_o other_o wise_a say_n of_o the_o esseni_n this_o be_v one_o that_o the_o person_n of_o king_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o that_o of_o homer_n be_v as_o notable_a his_o chief_a care_n be_v for_o the_o king_n that_o nothing_o shall_v endanger_v he_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o as_o st._n chrysostom_n well_o observe_v if_o any_o man_n kill_v a_o sheep_n why_o 1_o tim._n 1._o and_o why_o he_o but_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o they_o but_o if_o he_o kill_v the_o shepherd_n he_o dissipate_v the_o whole_a flock_n the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o king_n as_o curtius_n tell_v we_o among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v govern_v by_o king_n be_v as_o venerable_a as_o that_o of_o god_n so_o artabanus_n the_o persian_a them_o plut._n them_o among_o many_o and_o those_o most_o excellent_a law_n we_o have_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a which_o command_v we_o to_o adore_v our_o king_n as_o the_o very_a image_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o saviour_n of_o all_o and_o therefore_o as_o plutarch_n speak_v nec_fw-la fas_fw-la nec_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la regis_fw-la corpori_fw-la manus_fw-la infer_v it_o be_v not_o permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n but_o as_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o valour_n be_v to_o save_v he_o that_o save_v all_o if_o the_o eye_n observe_v a_o blow_n threaten_v the_o head_n the_o hand_n be_v instruct_v by_o nature_n interpose_v itself_o as_o prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o head_n whereupon_o all_o the_o other_o member_n depend_v before_o their_o own_o wherefore_o as_o cassiodore_n note_n pater_fw-la de_fw-fr pater_fw-la he_o that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n redeem_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n do_v well_o own_o we_o be_v to_o prefer_v his_o life_n before_o our_o own_o if_o in_o so_o do_v he_o propose_v to_o himself_o the_o free_n of_o his_o own_o soul_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o another_o man_n body_n for_o as_o conscience_n teach_v he_o to_o express_v his_o fidelity_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o do_v right_a reason_n instruct_v he_o to_o prefer_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n before_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o own_o body_n but_o here_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n arise_v as_o namely_o whether_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o david_n and_o the_o maccabee_n nothing_o whether_o david_n example_n and_o the_o maccabee_n be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v christian_n in_o like_a case_n 1_o pet._n 4.12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16._o christ_n advice_n be_v to_o flee_v where_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o call_n will_v permit_v but_o beyond_o that_o nothing_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o we_o christian_n or_o whether_o christ_n who_o so_o often_o enjoin_v we_o to_o take_v up_o our_o cross_n do_v not_o require_v from_o we_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o patience_n sure_o where_o our_o superior_n threaten_v we_o with_o death_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n our_o saviour_n advise_v such_o as_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o necessary_a duty_n of_o their_o calling_n to_o reside_v in_o any_o one_o place_n to_o flee_v but_o beyond_o this_o nothing_o st._n peter_n tell_v we_o that_o christ_n in_o suffer_v leave_v we_o a_o ensample_n who_o though_o he_o know_v no_o sin_n nor_o have_v any_o guile_n find_v in_o his_o mouth_n yet_o be_v revile_v he_o revile_v not_o again_o when_o he_o suffer_v he_o threaten_v not_o but_o remit_v his_o cause_n to_o he_o that_o judge_v righteous_o nay_o he_o advise_v we_o to_o give_v thanks_o unto_o god_n and_o to_o rejoice_v when_o we_o suffer_v persecution_n for_o our_o religion_n and_o we_o may_v read_v how_o mighty_o christian_n religion_n have_v grow_v and_o be_v advance_v by_o this_o admirable_a gift_n of_o patience_n wherefore_o how_o injurious_a to_o those_o ancient_a christian_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_o the_o time_n of_o either_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o or_o man_n true_o apostolical_a must_v needs_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o their_o discipline_n and_o consequent_o walk_v more_o exact_o according_a to_o their_o rule_n yet_o suffer_v death_n for_o their_o faith_n how_o injurious_a i_o say_v to_o these_o man_n be_v they_o who_o hold_v that_o they_o want_v not_o a_o will_v to_o resist_v but_o rather_o a_o power_n to_o defend_v themselves_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o death_n sure_o tertullian_n have_v never_o be_v so_o imprudent_a nay_o impudent_a as_o so_o confident_o to_o have_v affirm_v such_o a_o untruth_n tertullian_n so_o tertullian_n whereof_o he_o know_v the_o emperor_n can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a when_o he_o write_v thus_o unto_o he_o if_o we_o have_v a_o will_n to_o take_v our_o private_a revenge_n or_o to_o act_v as_o public_a enemy_n can_v we_o want_v either_o number_n of_o man_n or_o store_v of_o warlike_a provision_n be_v the_o moor_n german_n parthian_n or_o the_o people_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n more_o than_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o though_o stranger_n yet_o do_v fill_v all_o place_n in_o your_o dominion_n your_o city_n island_n castle_n fort_n assembly_n your_o very_a camp_n tribe_n court_n palace_n senate_n only_o your_o temple_n we_o leave_v to_o yourselves_o for_o what_o war_n have_v not_o we_o always_o declare_v ourselves_o fit_a and_o ready_a though_o in_o number_n of_o man_n we_o have_v sometime_o be_v very_o unequal_a how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v that_o we_o suffer_v death_n so_o meek_o so_o patient_o but_o that_o we_o be_v instruct_v by_o our_o religion_n that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v cyprian_a also_o tread_v in_o his_o master_n step_n open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o christian_n be_v apprehend_v make_v no_o resistance_n nor_o attempt_v any_o revenge_n for_o injury_n unjust_o do_v they_o though_o they_o want_v neither_o number_n of_o man_n nor_o other_o mean_n to_o have_v resist_v but_o it_o be_v their_o confidence_n of_o some_o divine_a vengeance_n that_o will_v fall_v upon_o their_o persecutor_n that_o make_v they_o thus_o patient_a 5._o lib._n 5._o and_o that_o persuade_v the_o innocent_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o nocent_a so_o lactantius_n we_o be_v willing_a to_o confide_v in_o the_o majesty_n of_o god_n who_o be_v able_a as_o well_o to_o revenge_v the_o contempt_n do_v to_o himself_o as_o the_o injury_n and_o hardship_n do_v unto_o we_o wherefore_o though_o our_o suffering_n be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v express_v yet_o do_v we_o not_o mutter_v a_o word_n of_o discontent_n but_o refer_v ourselves_o whole_o to_o he_o who_o judge_v righteous_o joshua_n lib._n 6._o qu._n 10._o in_o joshua_n and_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v st._n augustin_n when_o prince_n err_v they_o
late_o to_o help_v it_o this_o in_o all_o city_n be_v observe_v as_o a_o oracle_n that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n they_o ever_o provide_v for_o war_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o firm_a and_o last_a peace_n we_o shall_v neither_o place_v too_o much_o confidence_n in_o our_o friend_n because_o they_o may_v prove_v our_o enemy_n neither_o shall_v we_o appear_v too_o diffident_a of_o our_o enemy_n because_o they_o may_v hereafter_o prove_v our_o friend_n but_o if_o the_o hope_n of_o our_o enemy_n conversion_n can_v prevail_v with_o we_o to_o do_v they_o civil_a office_n yet_o let_v we_o remember_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hostility_n at_o all_o against_o we_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o a_o enemy_n country_n produce_v for_o all_o thing_n there_o be_v serviceable_a all_o thing_n profitable_a all_o thing_n pleasurable_a or_o very_o necessary_a to_o ourselves_o all_o its_o fruit_n afford_v unto_o we_o either_o nourishment_n or_o somewhat_o that_o be_v equivalent_a unto_o it_o again_o non_fw-la opportet_fw-la bellum_fw-la infer_v belli_n nesciis_fw-la we_o ought_v not_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v so_o amicable_a so_o innocent_a that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o war_n mean_v to_o burn_v cut_v down_o and_o utter_o to_o extirpate_v those_o thing_n which_o nature_n by_o heat_n from_o above_o and_o moisture_n from_o beneath_o have_v so_o tender_o bring_v up_o and_o nourish_v to_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o pay_v their_o yearly_a tribute_n unto_o man_n as_o unto_o king_n savour_n of_o too_o much_o inhumanity_n thus_o far_o philo_n wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o josephus_n if_o tree_n say_v he_o can_v speak_v they_o will_v certain_o upbraid_v we_o with_o injustice_n for_o inflict_v upon_o they_o the_o plague_n and_o misery_n of_o war_n who_o be_v in_o no_o wise_a guilty_a of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o neither_o have_v that_o say_v of_o pythagoras_n any_o other_o ground_n than_o this_o where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o to_o cut_v down_o or_o to_o hurt_v tender_a plant_n or_o tree_n that_o bear_v fruit_n be_v a_o sin_n against_o nature_n and_o not_o justifiable_a before_o god_n 4._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr edendis_fw-la lib._n 4._o porphyry_n likewise_o describe_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o jew_n take_v as_o i_o suppose_v their_o custom_n to_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o their_o law_n extend_v this_o custom_n or_o law_n to_o all_o beast_n that_o be_v serviceable_a for_o tillage_n their_o talmud_n and_o their_o interpreter_n do_v yet_o stretch_v out_o this_o law_n somewhat_o far_o even_o to_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v causeless_o perish_v as_o the_o fire_n of_o house_n the_o poison_n of_o spring_n or_o the_o spoil_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v afford_v nourishment_n to_o mankind_n unless_o it_o be_v such_o tree_n or_o house_n as_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o wall_n may_v thereby_o hinder_v soldier_n in_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o military_a duty_n agreeable_a with_o this_o law_n be_v that_o prudent_a moderation_n of_o the_o athenian_a general_n 5._o de_fw-fr repub._n l._n 5._o timotheus_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v his_o soldier_n to_o destroy_v any_o house_n or_o village_n nor_o cut_v down_o any_o plant_n that_o bare_a fruit._n there_o be_v the_o like_a law_n extant_a in_o plato_n prohibit_v the_o lay_n of_o any_o land_n waste_v or_o the_o demolish_n of_o any_o house_n and_o if_o we_o may_v not_o waste_v the_o country_n of_o a_o enemy_n much_o less_o when_o by_o conquest_n we_o have_v make_v it_o our_o own_o 1._o offic._n l._n 1._o cicero_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o demolish_n of_o corinth_n though_o the_o citizen_n have_v unhandsome_o treat_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v that_o war_n a_o ugly_a sva_fw-la pro_fw-la domo_fw-la sva_fw-la horrid_a and_o malicious_a war_n that_o be_v make_v against_o house_n wall_n pillar_n and_o post_n livy_n high_o commend_v the_o lenity_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o that_o have_v take_v capua_n 26._o lib._n 26._o they_o do_v not_o pull_v down_o the_o wall_n nor_o set_v on_o fire_n the_o innocent_a house_n there_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a epistle_n upon_o this_o argument_n extant_a in_o procopius_n which_o belisarius_n write_v to_o totilas_n it_o have_v be_v say_v he_o repute_v in_o former_a age_n the_o glory_n of_o wise_a man_n to_o raise_v fair_a and_o magnificent_a structure_n to_o preserve_v their_o name_n and_o memory_n but_o to_o raze_v and_o demolish_v they_o be_v build_v be_v ever_o esteem_v the_o badge_n of_o folly_n and_o madness_n as_o not_o blush_v to_o transmit_v to_o posterity_n the_o monument_n of_o their_o own_o vileness_n it_o be_v confess_v by_o all_o man_n that_o rome_n be_v the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o beautiful_a city_n of_o all_o that_o the_o sun_n behold_v neither_o do_v it_o arise_v to_o this_o height_n of_o splendour_n by_o the_o bounty_n or_o industry_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o in_o few_o year_n but_o many_o king_n and_o emperor_n and_o a_o vast_a series_n or_o succession_n of_o nobleman_n many_o age_n and_o a_o stupendous_a mass_n of_o treasure_n have_v draw_v hither_o as_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o most_o expert_a artificer_n in_o the_o world_n whereby_o have_v by_o little_a and_o little_o bring_v this_o city_n to_o that_o perfection_n wherein_o we_o now_o see_v it_o they_o have_v bequeath_v it_o to_o future_a age_n as_o a_o everlasting_a monument_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o magnanimity_n wherefore_o to_o raze_v this_o city_n be_v to_o be_v injurious_a to_o mankind_n in_o all_o age_n to_o our_o ancestor_n in_o sacrilegious_o bury_v in_o its_o ruin_n the_o memory_n of_o their_o noble_a act_n to_o our_o posterity_n envious_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o those_o noble_a structure_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v excite_v to_o the_o imitation_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o if_o it_o be_v thus_o then_o consider_v that_o one_o of_o these_o two_o must_v necessary_o fall_v out_o either_o the_o emperor_n must_v vanquish_v or_o you_o if_o you_o be_v conqueror_n then_o in_o destroy_v this_o city_n you_o destroy_v not_o what_o be_v your_o enemy_n but_o your_o own_o and_o in_o preserve_v it_o you_o enjoy_v the_o rich_a and_o most_o beautiful_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o case_n thou_o be_v worsted_n thy_o clemency_n in_o preserve_v this_o great_a city_n shall_v plead_v strong_o to_o the_o emperor_n for_o mercy_n but_o in_o destroy_v it_o all_o hope_n of_o favour_n lie_v bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o and_o thou_o shall_v not_o only_o lose_v whatever_o thou_o can_v gain_v by_o the_o spoil_n but_o a_o eternal_a brand_n of_o shame_n and_o infamy_n shall_v cleave_v unto_o thy_o name_n throughout_o all_o age_n according_a to_o thy_o deal_n herein_o for_o fame_n be_v equal_o ready_a to_o report_v either_o good_a or_o evil_n of_o we_o potentum_fw-la quales_fw-la sunt_fw-la actiones_fw-la talis_fw-la existimatio_fw-la according_a to_o the_o life_n and_o action_n of_o grandee_n so_o be_v their_o fame_n to_o the_o world_n end_n thus_o far_o procopius_n it_o be_v true_a 3.19_o josh_n 6._o 2_o king_n 3.19_o that_o god_n himself_o in_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n do_v not_o only_o command_v that_o some_o city_n shall_v be_v destroy_v by_o fire_n but_o also_o that_o the_o tree_n of_o the_o moabite_n contrary_a to_o this_o general_a rule_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o but_o this_o be_v not_o do_v out_o of_o a_o hostile_a malice_n but_o out_o of_o a_o pure_a detestation_n of_o their_o sin_n which_o be_v either_o public_o know_v to_o deserve_v such_o a_o punishment_n or_o at_o least_o be_v so_o repute_v in_o god_n account_n iii_o if_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n of_o victory_n second_o we_o shall_v forbear_v to_o waste_v a_o enemy_n country_n where_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o be_v in_o question_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o probable_a hope_n of_o a_o speedy_a victory_n whereby_o both_o the_o land_n and_o the_o profit_n thereof_o be_v likely_a to_o become_v the_o reward_n of_o the_o conqueror_n so_o alexander_n the_o great_a as_o justine_n tell_v we_o prohibit_v his_o soldier_n from_o depopulate_a asia_n tell_v they_o that_o they_o ought_v rather_o careful_o to_o preserve_v their_o own_o and_o not_o to_o destroy_v that_o which_o they_o come_v to_o possess_v thus_o gelimer_n with_o his_o vandal_n besiege_v the_o city_n carthage_n 2._o proc._n vand._n 2._o make_v no_o spoil_n nor_o take_v any_o pillage_n but_o secure_v the_o country_n to_o himself_o as_o his_o own_o the_o like_a speech_n i_o find_v in_o helmoldus_n nun_n terra_fw-la quam_fw-la devastamus_fw-la nostra_fw-la est_fw-la 66._o lib._n 1._o c._n 66._o be_v not_o the_o land_n that_o we_o waste_v we_o and_o the_o people_n who_o we_o destroy_v our_o subject_n wherefore_o then_o be_v we_o become_v enemy_n to_o our_o sâ—lves_n wherefore_o do_v we_o drive_v away_o those_o
instant_o canonize_v for_o virtue_n and_o valour_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o war_n be_v undertake_v by_o public_a authority_n like_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n have_v some_o effect_n of_o râ—ght_n whereof_o more_o anon_o but_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a unless_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n to_o warrant_v it_o thus_o be_v alexander_n for_o invade_v the_o persian_n and_o other_o nation_n without_o cause_n give_v deserve_o censure_v by_o the_o scythian_n in_o curtius_n and_o elsewhere_o by_o seneca_n for_o a_o robber_n and_o by_o lucan_n for_o a_o thief_n by_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o india_n as_o a_o scourge_n to_o all_o nation_n and_o the_o common_a pest_n of_o mankind_n and_o before_o that_o by_o a_o pirate_n for_o the_o great_a pirate_n of_o the_o two_o so_o justin_n speak_v of_o his_o father_n philip_n say_v that_o two_o king_n of_o thrace_n be_v thrust_v out_o and_o deprive_v of_o their_o kingdom_n through_o the_o fraud_n and_o villainy_n of_o a_o thief_n whereunto_o we_o may_v likewise_o refer_v that_o of_o st._n augustin_n remotâ_fw-la justitiâ_fw-la quid_fw-la sunt_fw-la regna_fw-la nisi_fw-la magna_fw-la latrocinia_fw-la take_v away_o justice_n and_o what_o be_v kingdom_n but_o great_a robbery_n with_o who_o accord_v that_o of_o lactantius_n inanis_fw-la gloriae_fw-la specie_fw-la capti_fw-la sceleribus_fw-la suis_fw-la virtutis_fw-la nomen_fw-la imponunt_fw-la be_v blind_v with_o self-love_n and_o vain_a glory_n they_o miscall_v all_o their_o vice_n virtue_n nor_o be_v justin_n martyr_n much_o amiss_o when_o he_o say_v what_o thief_n do_v in_o desert_n place_n the_o very_a same_o do_v such_o prince_n who_o prefer_v opinion_n before_o truth_n now_o other_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n there_o can_v be_v none_o but_o injury_n so_o st._n augustin_n the_o wrong_n do_v on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v the_o war_n do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a so_o also_o say_v the_o roman_a herald_n i_o do_v testify_v and_o declare_v that_o such_o a_o people_n be_v unjust_a and_o have_v not_o do_v we_o right_n thereby_o intimate_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n may_v just_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o ii_o war_n make_v 1._o for_o defence_n 2._o for_o redemption_n 3._o for_o punishment_n lawful_a now_o look_v how_o many_o cause_n there_o be_v of_o civil_a action_n so_o many_o there_o be_v of_o a_o just_a war_n for_o vbi_fw-la desinunt_fw-la judicia_fw-la incipit_fw-la bellum_fw-la where_o judgement_n cease_v war_n begin_v now_o at_o the_o law_n suit_n arise_v either_o for_o prevention_n of_o injury_n not_o yet_o do_v as_o when_o caution_n and_o security_n be_v require_v that_o no_o act_n of_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v nor_o any_o damage_n do_v we_o or_o for_o injury_n already_o do_v as_o namely_o that_o they_o may_v be_v recompense_v or_o the_o person_n injure_v punish_v but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o reparation_n it_o refer_v either_o to_o that_o which_o be_v or_o be_v we_o from_o whence_o arise_v vindication_n and_o some_o personal_a action_n or_o to_o something_o that_o be_v owe_v and_o just_o due_a unto_o we_o whether_o by_o some_o contract_n or_o agreement_n or_o for_o some_o hurt_n do_v unto_o we_o or_o by_o the_o law_n whither_o also_o we_o be_v to_o refer_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o arise_v as_o if_o they_o be_v due_a by_o contract_n or_o by_o some_o wrong_n do_v unto_o we_o from_o which_o head_n arise_v the_o other_o condiction_n that_o which_o concern_v fact_n to_o be_v punish_v require_v first_o a_o accusation_n second_o court_n of_o judgement_n most_o man_n assign_v three_o just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n namely_o for_o defence_n for_o recovery_n of_o what_o be_v we_o and_o for_o punishment_n which_o three_z we_o shall_v find_v sum_v up_o by_o camillus_n in_o his_o denounce_v war_n against_o the_o gaul_n omnia_fw-la quae_fw-la defendi_fw-la repetique_n &_o ulcisci_fw-la fas_fw-la sit_fw-la all_o which_o may_v lawful_o be_v defend_v recover_v and_o revenge_v in_o which_o enumeration_n unless_o we_o take_v the_o word_n recover_v in_o its_o large_a signification_n it_o will_v not_o include_v the_o exact_v of_o that_o which_o be_v due_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v not_o omit_v by_o plato_n when_o he_o say_v that_o war_n may_v be_v just_o make_v not_o only_a when_o a_o man_n be_v oppress_v by_o violence_n or_o when_o he_o be_v pillage_v but_o when_o he_o be_v fraudulent_o deal_v with_o and_o so_o deceive_v of_o what_o be_v his_o due_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o seneca_n aequissima_fw-la vox_fw-la est_fw-la &_o jus_o gentium_fw-la prâ—_n se_fw-la ferens_fw-la red_a quod_fw-la debes_fw-la 4._o 〈◊〉_d hâ—râ—s_n 〈…〉_o 4._o tâ—â—_n be_v a_o righteous_a say_n and_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n pay_v what_o thou_o â—â—â—st_n and_o 〈…〉_o a_o clause_n always_o insert_v in_o that_o form_n use_v by_o the_o roman_a herald_n 4._o quas_fw-la â—ec_fw-la 〈…〉_o solverunt_fw-la nec_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la quas_fw-la dari_fw-la fieri_fw-la solvi_fw-la oportune_a that_o they_o neither_o give_v 〈…〉_o what_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v pay_v and_o do_v so_o likewise_o sâ—lust_v in_o his_o history_n 4._o â—â—re_v 〈◊〉_d tium_fw-la res_fw-la repeto_fw-la according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o require_v what_o be_v my_o own_o 〈◊〉_d aâ—_n 〈◊〉_d servius'_v 〈◊〉_d virgil_n aenead_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o king_n of_o the_o herald_n be_v send_v to_o denounce_v war_n 〈…〉_o to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o enemy_n country_n and_o after_o some_o ceremony_n cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n tâ—â—â—_n he_o denounce_v war_n against_o they_o for_o such_o or_o such_o cause_n either_o because_o they_o have_v wrong_v theiâ—_n associate_n or_o because_o they_o have_v not_o restore_v something_o unjust_o take_v away_o or_o that_o they_o have_v not_o deliver_v up_o offender_n to_o be_v punish_v and_o when_o st._n augustin_n say_v jâ—s_n 10_o quest_n upon_o jâ—s_n that_o just_a war_n be_v usual_o thus_o define_v quae_fw-la ulciscuntur_fw-la injurias_fw-la which_o revenge_v injury_n he_o take_v the_o word_n to_o revenge_v in_o its_o general_a signification_n for_o that_o which_o include_v also_o to_o take_v away_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o word_n follow_v which_o do_v not_o express_v a_o enumeration_n of_o part_n but_o a_o illustration_n by_o example_n so_o that_o nation_n say_v he_o or_o city_n may_v by_o arm_n be_v assault_v wâ—ich_a shall_v neglect_v either_o to_o punish_v their_o own_o subject_n for_o injury_n by_o they_o donâ—_n or_o to_o r_o store_n that_o wâ—ich_a by_o force_n be_v take_v away_o and_o by_o this_o light_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v defensive_a war_n defensive_a that_o the_o king_n of_o the_o inâ—â—eâ—_n 〈◊〉_d diodorus_n relate_v accuse_v semiramis_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o â—â—king_a war_n upon_o he_o without_o any_o injury_n at_o all_o do_v she_o for_o as_o josephus_n say_v 17._o aâ—â—_n l._n 17._o they_o that_o 〈…〉_o to_o they_o that_o live_v peaceable_o do_v but_o enforce_v they_o into_o arm_n to_o defeâ—d_v themselves_o 5._o liâ—â—_n l._n 5._o â—â—â—s_n do_v the_o roman_n plead_v with_o the_o senones_n that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v invade_v they_o iâ—â—â—â—_n no_o wâ—ys_n wrong_v they_o for_o man_n say_v aristotle_n do_v not_o usual_o make_v war_n but_o upon_o thâ—m_n who_o â—â—uâ—â—â—st_v injure_v they_o as_o curtius_n testify_v of_o the_o abian_a scythian_n 2._o lib._n 2._o the_o most_o innocent_a of_o all_o the_o â—â—rbarians_n armis_fw-la abstinebant_fw-la nisi_fw-la lacessiti_fw-la they_o never_o make_v waâ—_n unless_o high_o pâ—oâ—â—â—â—â—_n and_o plutarch_n of_o hercules_n that_o be_v thorough_o provoke_v he_o subdue_v all_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o first_o cause_n then_o of_o a_o just_a war_n be_v injury_n not_o yet_o do_v that_o threaten_v immiâ—â—â—â—_n dâ—â—ger_n to_o our_o person_n or_o our_o estate_n iii_o war_n in_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o lawful_a that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o destroy_v he_o by_o war_n that_o will_v otherwise_o destroy_v uâ—_n oâ—â—t_o lest_o draw_v we_o into_o imminent_a peril_n of_o our_o life_n have_v already_o be_v prove_v now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o right_n of_o defend_v ourselves_o do_v principal_o and_o primary_o arise_v not_o from_o the_o malicious_a attempt_n of_o the_o aggressor_n but_o from_o the_o right_a that_o nature_n give_v unto_o every_o creature_n to_o preserve_v itself_o so_o that_o although_o he_o by_o who_o our_o life_n be_v so_o endanger_v be_v without_o blame_n as_o the_o soldier_n in_o do_v but_o his_o duty_n or_o haply_o a_o man_n mistake_v i_o for_o another_o or_o be_v mad_a or_o in_o a_o dream_n as_o we_o have_v read_v of_o some_o to_o who_o it_o have_v thus_o happen_v yet_o shall_v not_o my_o right_n to_o defend_v myself_o be_v thereby_o take_v away_o for_o to_o justify_v i_o it_o suffice_v that_o i_o be_o not_o
bind_v to_o suffer_v that_o which_o he_o attempt_v to_o do_v against_o i_o no_o more_o than_o if_o a_o wild_a beast_n shall_v attempt_v to_o worry_v i_o iv_o yet_o against_o the_o aggressor_n only_o but_o what_o if_o some_o innocent_a person_n be_v so_o interpose_v that_o i_o can_v preserve_v my_o own_o life_n either_o by_o flight_n or_o just_a defence_n unless_o i_o either_o kill_v or_o trample_v upon_o they_o may_v i_o just_o do_v it_o there_o be_v some_o even_o among_o divine_n that_o hold_v i_o may_v 2._o may_v cajet_fw-fr 2._o 2._o art_n 6_o 7_o q._n 2._o and_o certain_o if_o we_o harken_v to_o the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n alone_o she_o will_v persuade_v we_o to_o prefer_v our_o own_o safety_n before_o our_o respect_n to_o society_n but_o the_o law_n of_o charity_n especial_o the_o evangelical_n law_n which_o command_v we_o to_o love_v our_o neighbour_n as_o ourselves_o do_v not_o permit_v it_o it_o be_v notwithstanding_o very_o well_o say_v of_o aquinas_n if_o it_o be_v right_o understand_v â—_o 2._o 2._o q._n 64._o art_n â—_o that_o in_o a_o true_a defensive_a war_n we_o do_v not_o intentional_o kill_v other_o not_o but_o that_o it_o may_v sometime_o be_v lawful_a if_o all_o other_o mean_n of_o safety_n fail_v to_o do_v that_o purposely_o whereby_o the_o aggressor_n may_v die_v but_o that_o this_o death_n be_v not_o our_o choice_n nor_o intend_v primary_o as_o in_o capital_a punishment_n but_o our_o last_o and_o only_a refuge_n there_o be_v no_o other_o visible_a mean_n then_o leave_v to_o preserve_v our_o own_o life_n but_o by_o kill_v he_o that_o seek_v to_o kill_v we_o nay_o and_o even_o then_o he_o that_o be_v thus_o violent_o assault_v aught_o to_o wish_v rather_o that_o some_o other_o thing_n will_v happen_v whereby_o the_o aggressor_n may_v be_v either_o affright_v or_o some_o way_n disable_v than_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v kill_v v._o and_o where_o the_o danger_n be_v certain_a and_o imminent_a and_o not_o opinionative_n only_o it_o be_v also_o here_o require_v that_o the_o danger_n be_v present_a and_o ready_a instant_o to_o fall_v upon_o usâ—_n as_o when_o a_o man_n shall_v furious_o assault_v another_o with_o a_o draw_a sword_n or_o snatch_v up_o any_o weapon_n with_o a_o manifest_a purpose_n to_o kill_v he_o i_o confess_v that_o in_o this_o case_n he_o may_v lawful_o by_o way_n of_o prevention_n kill_v he_o thus_o phrynichus_n in_o thucydides_n plead_v 8._o plead_v tâ—â—cydides_n l._n 8._o he_o must_v needs_o be_v void_a of_o malice_n who_o be_v reduce_v by_o they_o into_o so_o great_a jeopardy_n do_v attempt_v this_o or_o that_o or_o any_o way_n to_o free_v himself_o rather_o than_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v destroy_v by_o those_o malicious_a man_n for_o as_o well_o in_o moral_n as_o natural_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o find_v a_o point_n without_o some_o latitude_n but_o they_o be_v much_o mistake_v and_o so_o apt_a to_o mislead_v other_o who_o think_v their_o own_o fear_n how_o ever_o occasion_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v the_o kill_n of_o any_o man_n by_o way_n of_o pre-occupation_n as_o though_o it_o be_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n for_o it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o cicero_n 1._o de_fw-fr off_z lib._n 1._o that_o many_o inconvenience_n do_v usual_o arise_v from_o vain_a and_o idle_a fear_n and_o much_o mischief_n we_o ofttimes_o do_v unto_o other_o whilst_o we_o fancy_n that_o the_o like_a be_v intend_v against_o we_o so_o clearchus_n in_o xenophon_n i_o have_v know_v many_o so_o far_o transport_v either_o through_o calumny_n or_o suspicion_n against_o those_o they_o fâ—ared_v that_o choose_v rather_o to_o prevent_v danger_n than_o to_o undergo_v they_o they_o have_v most_o miserable_o afflict_v those_o who_o never_o intend_v they_o hurt_v nor_o entertain_v a_o thought_n of_o evil_n against_o they_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o cato_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o the_o rhodian_o what_o we_o object_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v do_v against_o we_o shall_v we_o by_o way_n of_o anticipation_n do_v against_o they_o it_o be_v notable_o say_v by_o aulus_n gellius_n to_o gladiator_n prepare_v for_o fight_n this_o be_v the_o condition_n propose_v either_o to_o kill_v his_o adversary_n or_o to_o be_v kill_v by_o he_o but_o the_o life_n of_o man_n say_v he_o be_v not_o beset_v with_o such_o hard_a and_o unavoidable_a necessity_n as_o that_o thou_o must_v either_o do_v or_o suffer_v wrong_v inevitable_o for_o as_o the_o same_o cicero_n speak_v in_o another_o place_n who_o do_v ever_o enact_v such_o a_o law_n or_o what_o commonwealth_n can_v ever_o without_o manifest_a danger_n to_o itself_o so_o much_o as_o tolerate_v so_o great_a a_o inconvenience_n as_o that_o one_o man_n may_v lawful_o kill_v another_o and_o then_o justify_v the_o fact_n by_o his_o own_o unnecessary_a fear_n as_o namely_o lest_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v kill_v by_o he_o very_o apposite_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o thucydides_n 1._o lib._n 1._o what_o be_v to_o come_v be_v as_o yet_o in_o the_o cloud_n uncertain_a whether_o it_o will_v fall_v or_o not_o neither_o aught_o any_o man_n to_o be_v so_o far_o incense_v thereby_o as_o to_o undertake_v a_o present_a and_o certain_a war_n for_o that_o which_o be_v as_o yet_o future_a and_o so_o uncertain_a and_o in_o another_o place_n elegant_o describe_v the_o many_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v likely_a to_o ensue_v upon_o those_o sedition_n which_o then_o begin_v to_o vex_v the_o grecian_a city_n add_v this_o as_o one_o that_o they_o strive_v which_o of_o they_o shall_v first_o commit_v those_o villainy_n 3._o lib._n 3._o which_o they_o fear_v another_o will_v do_v before_o they_o caesar_n when_o he_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o commonwealth_n plead_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n that_o it_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o his_o adversary_n that_o have_v enforce_v he_o thereunto_o cavendo_fw-la ne_fw-la metuant_fw-la homines_fw-la metuendos_fw-la ultro_fw-la se_fw-la efficiunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n say_v livy_n 3._o lib._n 3._o pretend_v to_o free_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n from_o the_o fear_n of_o other_o man_n they_o voluntary_o make_v themselves_o formidable_a and_o as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o necessity_n of_o either_o do_v or_o suffer_v wrong_n we_o ease_v ourselves_o of_o our_o burden_n but_o oppress_v other_o but_o against_o these_o that_o say_v of_o vibius_n crispius_fw-la so_o much_o celebrate_v by_o quintilian_n may_v be_v well_o apply_v quis_fw-la te_fw-la sic_fw-la timere_fw-la permisit_fw-la who_o permit_v thou_o thus_o to_o fear_v or_o that_o of_o livia_n in_o dion_n infamiam_fw-la eos_fw-la non_fw-la effugere_fw-la qui_fw-la facinus_fw-la quod_fw-la timent_fw-la occupant_fw-la they_o can_v never_o wipe_v off_o the_o stain_n from_o their_o honour_n who_o commit_v that_o wickedness_n which_o they_o fear_v another_o will_v act_v before_o they_o but_o what_o if_o the_o danger_n that_o threaten_v we_o be_v not_o imminent_a but_o future_a by_o conspiracy_n or_o by_o treachery_n as_o by_o poison_n or_o false_a accusation_n or_o by_o false_a witness_n to_o procure_v a_o unjust_a sentence_n or_o the_o like_a i_o deny_v that_o in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v any_o man_n that_o be_v if_o either_o the_o danger_n may_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v avoid_v or_o that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o clear_a that_o it_o can_v otherways_o be_v avoid_v for_o common_o delay_v afford_v we_o many_o remedy_n and_o produce_v many_o accident_n which_o be_v unexpected_a whereby_o these_o danger_n may_v be_v avoid_v inter_fw-la os_fw-la &_o offam_fw-la as_o it_o be_v between_o the_o cup_n and_o the_o lip_n although_o there_o be_v many_o i_o know_v both_o lawyer_n and_o divine_n that_o give_v a_o large_a indulgence_n in_o these_o case_n yet_o this_o other_o opinion_n do_v not_o want_v the_o defence_n of_o good_a author_n as_o be_v indeed_o the_o better_a and_o safe_a of_o the_o two_o vi_o or_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o limb_n but_o what_o if_o the_o danger_n threaten_v the_o maim_v of_o our_o limb_n only_o sure_o since_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o limb_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v any_o of_o the_o principal_n be_v very_o grievous_a and_o equivalent_a to_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n itself_o and_o such_o also_o as_o may_v bring_v we_o into_o the_o danger_n of_o death_n if_o it_o can_v be_v otherwise_o avoid_v he_o that_o shall_v certain_o endanger_v it_o may_v lawful_o be_v kill_v vii_o or_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o chastity_n and_o without_o doubt_n the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o chastity_n see_v that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o general_a repute_n of_o the_o world_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n himself_o chastity_n be_v aequi-ballanced_n with_o life_n the_o law_n say_v st._n augustin_n give_v power_n to_o the_o traveller_n to_o kill_v the_o thief_n who_o will_v otherwise_o