judge his people in Righteousness that their good things be not abolished and that their glory may endure for ever 4. All the offices Ecclesiastical alwayes were and ought to be conducted by the Episcopal order as is evident in the universal doctrine and practise of the primitive Church 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It is the 40 th Canon of the Apostles Let the Presbyters and Deacons do nothing without leave of the Bishop But that case is known The consequent of this consideration is no other then the admonition in my text We are Stewards of the manifold Grace of God and dispensers of the mysteries of the Kingdom and it is required of Stewards that they be found faithful that we preach the word of God in season and out of season that we rebuke and exhort admonish and correct for these God calls Pastores secundùm cor meum Pastors according to his own heart which feed the people with knowledge and understanding but they must also comfort the afflicted and bind up the broken heart minister the Sacraments with great diligence and righteous measures and abundant charity alwayes having in mind those passionate words of Christ to S. Peter If thou lovest me feed my sheep If thou hast any love to me feed my lambs And let us remember this also that nothing can enforce the people to obey their Bishops as they ought but our doing that duty and charity to them which God requires There is reason in these words of S. Chrysostom It is necessary that the Church should adhere to their Bishop as the body to the head as plants to their roots as rivers to their springs as children to their Fathers as Disciples to their Masters These similitudes express not only the relation and dependency but they tell us the reason of the duty The head gives light and reason to conduct the body the roots give nourishment to the plants and the springs perpetual emanation of waters to the chanels Fathers teach and feed their children and Disciples receive wise instruction from their Masters and if we be all this to the people they will be all that to us and wisdom will compel them to submit and our humility will teach them obedience and our charity will invite their compliance Our good example will provoke them to good works and our meekness will melt them into softness and flexibility For all the Lords people are populus voluntarius a free and willing people and we who cannot compel their bodies must thus constrain their souls by inviting their wills by convincing their understandings by the beauty of fair example the efficacy and holiness and the demonstrations of the spirit This is experimentum ejus qui in nobis loquitur Christus The experiment of Christ that speaketh in us For to this purpose those are excellent words which S. Paul spake Remember them who have the rule over you whose faith follow considering the end of their conversation There lyes the demonstration and those prelates who teach good life whose Sermons are the measures of Christ and whose life is a copy of their Sermons these must be followed and surely these will for these are burning and shining lights but if we hold forth false fires and by the amusement of evil examples call the vessels that sail upon a dangerous sea to come upon a rock or an iron shoar instead of a safe harbour we cause them to make shipwrack of their precious Faith and to perish in the deceitful and unstable waters Vox operum fortiùs sonat quà m verborum A good life is the strongest argument that your faith is good and a gentle voice will be sooner entertained then a voice of thunder but the greatest eloquence in the world is a meek spirit and a liberal hand these are the two pastoral staves the Prophet speaks of nognam hovelim beauty and bands he that hath the staff of the beauty of holiness the ornament of fair example he hath also the staff of bands atque in funiculis Adam trahet eos in vinculis chaâ—itatis as the Prophet Hosea's expression is he shall draw the people after him by the cords of a man by the bands of a holy charity But if against all these demonstrations any man will be refractary We have instead of a staff an Apostolical rod which is the last and latest remedy and either brings to repentance or consigns to ruin and reprobation If there were any time remaining I could reckon that the Episcopal order is the principle of Unity in the Church and we see it is so by the inumerable Sects that sprang up when Episcopacy was persecuted I could adde how that Bishops were the cause that S. John wrote his Gospel that the Christian Faith was for 300. years together bravely defended by the sufferings the prisons and flames the life and the death of Bishops as the principal Combatants That the Fathers of the Church whose writings are held in so great veneration in all the Christian World were almost all of them Bishops I could adde that the Reformation of Religion in England was principally by the Preachings and the disputings the writings and the Martyrdom of Bishops That Bishops have ever since been the greatest defensatives against Popery That England and Ireland were governed by Bishops ever since they were Christian and under their conduct have for so many ages enjoyed all the blessings of the Gospel I could add also that Episcopacy is the great stabiliment of Monarchy but of this we are convinced by a sad and too dear bought experience I could therefore in stead of it say that Episcopacy is the great ornament of Religion that as it rescues the Clergy from contempt so it is the greatest preservâ—tive of the peoples liberty from Ecclesiastick Tyranny on one hand the Gentry being little better then servants while they live under the Presbytery and Anarchy and licentiousness on the other That it endears obedience and is subject to the Laws of Princes And is wholly ordained for the good of mankind and the benefit of Souls But I cannot stay to number all the blessings which have entered into the World at this door I only remark these because they describe unto us the Bishops imployment which is to be busy in the service of Souls to do good in all capacities to serve every mans need to promote all publick benefits to cement Governments to establish peace to propagate the Kingdom of Christ to do hurt to no man to do good to every man that is so to minister that Religion and Charity publick peace and private blessings may be in their exaltation As long as it was thus done by the Primitive Bishops the Princes and the people gave them all honour Insomuch that by a decree of Constantine the great the Bishop had power given him to retract the sentences made by the Presidents of Provinces and we find in the acts of S. Nicholas that he
DIEV ET MON DROIT HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE ἙΒΔΟΜᾺΣ ἘΜΒΟΛΙΜΙΟΣ A Supplement TO THE ΕÎΙΑΥΤΟΣ Or Course of Sermons for the whole year BEING SEVEN SERMONS Explaining the Nature of Faith and Obedience in relation to God and the Ecclesiastical and Secular Powers respectively All that have been Preached and Published since the Restauration By the Right Reverend Father in God JEREMY Lord Bishop of Down and Connor To which is adjoyned His Advice to the Clergy of his Diocese LONDON Printed for Richard Royston Bookseller to the Kings most Sacred Majesty 1663. THE Righteousness Evangelical DESCRIB'D THE CHRISTIANS CONQUEST Over the Body of Sin FIDES FORMATA OR FAITH working by LOVE IN THREE SERMONS PREACHED AT CHRIST CHURCH DVBLIN By the Right Reverend Father in God JEREMIAH Lord Bishop of Down and Connor The second Edition London Printed for R. Royston Book-seller to the Kings most Excellent Majesty 1663. Imprimatur M. Franck. S. T. P. R. in Christ. Pat. ac D. D. Archiep. Cant. à Sac. Dom. Sept. 21. 1663. TO THE Most Noble and Vertuous Princess The Lady Dutchess OF ORMONDE HER GRACE Madam I Present your Grace here with a Testimony of my Obedience and of your own Zeal for the good of Souls You were in your great Charity not only pleased to pardon the weakness of this discourse but to hope it might serve as a memorial to thâ—se that need it of the great necessity of living vertuously and by the measures of Christianity Madam you are too Gâ—eat and too good to have any ambition for the things of this World but I cannot but observe that in your designs for the other World you by your Charity and Zeal adopt your self into the portion of those Ecclesiasticks who humbly hope and truly labour for the reward that is promised to those wise persons who convert souls If our prayers and your desires that every one should be profited in their eternal concerns cast in a Symbol towards this great work and will give you a title to that great reward But Madam when I received your commands for dispersing some Copies of this Sermon I perceived it was too little to be presented to your Eminence and if it were accompanied with something else of the like nature it might with more profit advance that end which your Grace so piously designed and therefore I have taken this opportunity to satisfie the desire of some very Honourable and very Reverend Personages who required that the two following Sermons should also be made fit for the use of those who hop'd to receive profit by them I humbly lay them all at your Graces Feet begging of God that even as many may receive advantages by the perusing of them as either your Grace will desire or He that preached them did intend And if your Grace will accept of this first Testimony of my concurrence with all the World that know you in paying those great regards which your piety so highly merits I will endeavour hereafter in some greater instance to pursue the intentions of Your zeal of souls and by such a service endeavour to do more benefit to others and by it as by that which is most acceptable to your Grace endear the Obedience and Services of Madam Your Graces most humble and Obedient Servant J. D. The Titles and Texts of the several Sermons SERM. I. The Righteousness Evangelical Matth. 5.20 For I say unto you that except your righteousness exceed the righteousness of the Scribes and Pharisees ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven SERM. II. The Christians Conquest over the Body of Sin Rom. 7.19 For the good that I would I doe not but the evil which I would not that I doe SERM. III. Faith working by Love James 2.4 You see then how that by works a man is justified and not by faith alone SERM. IV. Preached at an Episcopal Consecration Luke 12.42 And the Lord said Who then is that faithful and wise steward whom his Lord shall make ruler over his houshold to give them their portion of meat in due season 43. Blessed is that servant whom his Lord when he cometh shall find so doing SERM. V. Preached at the Opening the Parliament of Ireland 1 Sam. 15.22 Behold to obey is better then sacrifice and to hearken then the fat of rams 23. For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry SERM. VI. Via Intelligentiae John 7.17 If any man will do his will he shall know of the doctrine whether it be of God or whether I speak of my self SERM. VII Preached at the Funeral of the L. Primate of Ireland 1 Cor. 15.23 But every man in his own order Christ the first fruits and after they that are Christ's at his coming Rules and Advices to the Clergy of the Diocese of Down and Connor THE Righteousness Evangelical DESCRIB'D MATTH V. 20. For I say unto you that except your Righteousness exceed the Righteousness of the Scribes and Pharisees ye shall in no case enter into the Kingdom of Heaven REwards and Punishments are the best Sanction of Laws and although the Guardians of Laws strike sometimes with the softest part of the hand in their Executions of sad Sentences yet in the Sanction they make no abatements but so proportion the Duty to the Reward and the Punishment to the Crime that by these we can best tell what Value the Law-giver puts upon the Obedience Joshuah put a great rate upon the taking of Kiriath-Sepher when the Reward of the Service was his Daughter and a Dower But when the Young men ventured to fetch David the waters of Bethlehem they had nothing but the praise of their Boldness because their Service was no more than the satisfaction of a Curiosity But as Law-givers by their Rewards declare the value of the Obedience so do Subjects also by the grandeur of what they expect set a value on the Law and the Law-giver and do their Services accordingly And therefore the Law of Moses whose endearment was nothing but temporal goods and transient evils could never make the comers thereunto perfect but the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Superinduction of a better Hope hath endeared a more perfect Obedience When Christ brought Life and Immortality to light through the Gospel and hath promised to us things greater than all our explicit Desires bigger than the thoughts of our heart then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith the Apostle then we draw near to God and by these we are enabled to do all that God requires and then he requires all that we can do more Love and more Obediâ—nce than he did of those who for want of these Helps and these Revelations and these Promises which we have but they had not were but imperfect persons and could do but little more than humane Services Christ hath taught us more and given us more and promis'd to us more than ever was in the world known or believ'd before
of good will arbores Domini So they are mystically represented in Scripture the Trees of the Lord are full of Sap among the Hebrews the trees of the Lord did signify such trees as grew of themselves and all that are of Gods planting are such as have a vital principle within and grow without constraint 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 one said it of Christians they obey the Laws and by the goodness of their lives exceed the Laws and certain it is no man hath the righteousness Evangelical if he resolves alwayes to take all his liberty in every thing that is meerly lawful or if he purpose to do no more than he must needs that is no more than he is just commanded For the Reasons are plain 1. The Christian that resolves to do every thing that is lawful will many times run into danger and inconvenience because the utmost extremity of lawful is so near to that which is unlawful that he will often pass into unlawful undiscernably Vertues and Vices have not in all their instances a great land-mark set between them like warlike nations separate by prodigious walls vast seas and portentous hills but they are oftentimes like the bounds of a Parish men are fain to cut a cross upon the turf and make little marks and annual perambulations for memorials so it is in lawful and unlawful by a little mistake a man may be greatly ruined He that drinks till his tongue is full as a spunge and his speech a little stammering and tripping hasty and disorderly though he be not gone as far as drunkenness yet he is gone beyond the severity of a Christian and when he is just past into unlawful if he disputes too curiously he will certainly deceive himself for want of a wiser curiosity But 2. He that will do all that he thinks he may lawfully had need have an infallible guide alwayes by him who should without error be able to answer all cases of Conscience which will happen every day in a life so careless and insecure for if he should be mistaken his error is his crime and not his excuse A man in this case had need be very sure of his Proportion which because he cannot be in charity to himself he will quickly find that he is bound to abstain from all things that are uncertainly good and from all disputable evils from things which although they may be in themselves lawful yet accidentally and that from a thousand cause may become unlawful Pavidus quippe formidolosus est Châ—istianus saith Salvian atque in tantum peccare metuens ut interdum non timenda formidet A Christian is afraid of every little thing and he sometimes greatly fears that he hath sinned even then when he hath no other reason to be afraid but because he would not do so for all the world 3. He that resolves to use all his liberty cannot be innocent so long as there are in the world so many bold temptations and presumptuous actions so many scandals and so much ignorance in the things of God so many things that are suspitious and so many things that are of evil report so many ill customs and disguises in the world with which if we resolve to comply in all that is supposed lawful a man may be in the regions of death before he perceive his head to ake and instead of a staff in his hand may have a splinter in his Elbow 4. Besides all this he that thus stands on his terms with God and so carefully husbands his duty and thinks to make so good a market of obedience that he will quit nothing which he thinks he may lawfully keep shall never be exemplar in his life and shall never grow in grace and therefore shall never enter into glory He therefore that will be righteous by the measures Evangelical must consider not only what is lawful but what is expedient not only what is barely safe but what is worthy that which may secure and that which may do advantage to that concern that is the greatest in the world And 2. The case is very like with them that resolve to do no more good than is commanded them For 1. it is infinitely unprofitable as to our eternal interest because no man does do all that is commanded at all times and therefore he that will not sometimes do more besides that he hath no love no zeal of duty no holy fires in his soul besides this I say he can never make any amends towards the reparation of his Conscience Let him that stole steal no more that 's well but that 's not well enough for he must if he can make restitution of what he stole or he shall never be pardoned and so it is in all our entercourse with God To do what is commanded is the duty of the present we are tyed to this in every present in every period of our lives but therefore if we never do any more than just the present duty who shall supply the deficiences and fill up the gaps and redeem what is past This is a material consideration in the righteousness Evangelical But then 2. we must know that in keeping of Gods Commandments every degree or internal duty is under the Commandments and therefore whatever we do we must do it as well as we can Now he that does his Duty with the biggest affection he can will also do all that he can and he can never know that he hath done what is commanded unless he does all that is in his power For God hath put no limit but love and possibility and therefore whoever says Hither will I go and no further This I will do and no more Thus much will I serve God but that shall be all he hath the affections of a Slave and the religion of a Pharisee the craft of a Merchant and the falseness of a Broker but he hath not the proper measures of the righteousness Evangelical But so it happens in the mud and slime of the River Borborus when the eye of the Sun hath long dwelt upon it and produces Frogs and Mice which begin to move a little under a thin cover of its own parental matter and if they can get loose to live half a life that is all but the hinder parts which are not formed before the setting of the Sun stick fast in their beds of mud and the little moyety of a creature dies before it could be well said to live so it is with those Christians who will do all that they think lawful and will do no more than what they suppose necessary they do but peep into the light of the Sun of righteousness they have the beginnings of life but their hinder parts their passions and affections and the desires of the lower man are still unformed and he that dwells in this state is just so much of a Christian as a Spunge is of a plant and a mushrom of a shrub they may be as sensible
as an oyster and discourse at the rate of a child but are greatly short of the righteousness Evangelical I have now done with those parts of the Christian righteousness which were not only an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or excess but an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the Pharisaical but because I ought not to conceal any thing from you that must integrate our duty and secure our title to the kingdom of Heaven there is this to be added that this precept of our blessed Saviour is to be extended to the direct degrees of our duty We must do more duties and we must do them better And in this although we can have no positive measures because they are potentially infinite yet therefore we ought to take the best because we are sure the greatest is not too big and we are not sure that God will accept a worse when we can do a better Now although this is to be understood of the internal affection only because that must never be abated but God is at all times to be loved and served with all our heart yet concerning the degrees of external duty as Prayers and Alms and the like we are certainly tyed to a greater excellency in the degree than was that of the Scribes and Pharisees I am obliged to speak one word for the determination of this inquiry viz. to how much more of external duty Christians are obliged than was in the righteousness of the Scribes and Pharisees In order to this briefly thus I remember that Salvian speaking of old men summing up their Repentances and making amends for the sins of their whole life exhorts them to Alms and works of Piety But inquiring how much they should do towards the redeeming of their Souls answers with a little Sarcasm but plainly enough to give a wise man an answer A man says he is not bound to give away all his goods unless peradventure he ows all to God but in that case I cannot tell what to say for then the case is altered A man is not bound to part with all his estate that is unless his sins be greater than his estate but if they be then he may consider of it again and consider better And he need not part with it all unless pardon be more precious to him than his money and unless heaven be worth it all and unless he knows justly how much less will do it If he does let him try his skill and pay just so much and no more than he owes to God but if he does not know let him be sure to do enough His meaning is this Not that a man is bound to give all he hath and leave his children beggars he is bound from that by another obligation But as when we are tyed to pray continually the meaning is we should consecrate all our time by taking good portions out of all our time for that duty the devoutest person being like the waters of Siloam a perpetual spring but not a perpetual current that is alwayes in readiness but actually thrusting forth his waters at certain periods every day So out of all our estate we must take for Religion and Repentance such portions as the whole estate can allow so much as will consecrate the rest so much as is fit to bring when we pray for a great pardon and deprecate a mighty anger and turn aside an intolerable fear and will purchase an excellent peace and will reconcile a sinner Now in this case a Christian is to take his measures according to the rate of his contrition and his love his Religion and his fear his danger and his expectation and let him measure his amends wisely his sorrow pouring in and his fear thrusting it down and it were very well if his love also would make it run over For deceive not your selves there is no other measure but this So much good as a man does or so much as he would do if he could so much of Religion and so much of repentance he hath and no more and a Man cannot ordinarily know that he is in a saveable condition but by the Testimony which a Divine Philanthropy and a good mind alwayes gives which is to omit no opportunity of doing good in our several proportions and possibilities There was an Alms which the Scribes and Pharisees were obliged by the Law to give the tenth of every third years increase this they alwayes paid and this sort of Alms is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Righteousness or Justice but the Alms which Christians ought to give is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is grace and it is love and it is abundance and so the old Rabbins told Justitia propriè dicitur in iis quae jure facimus benignitas in iis quae praeter jus It is more than righteousness it is bounty and benignity for that 's the Christian measure And so it is in the other parts and instances of the righteousness Evangelical And therefore it is remarkable that the Saints in the Old Testament were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 right men and the book of Genesis as we find it twice attested by S. Hierome was called by the Ancient Hellenists 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the book of right or just men the book of Abraham Isaac and Jacob. But the word for Christians is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 good men harmless and profitable Men that are good and men that do good In pursuance of which it is further observed by learned men that the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or vertue is not in the four Gospels for the actions of Christs Disciples should not be in gradu virtutis only vertuous and laudable such as these Aristotle presses in his Magna Moralia they must pass on to a further excellency than so the same which he calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they must be sometimes and as often as we can in gradu heroico or that I may use the Christian style they must be actions of perfection Righteousness was the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for alms in the Old Testament and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or perfection was the word for Alms in the New as appears by comparing the fifth of S. Matthew and the sixth of S. Luke together and that is the full state of this difference in the inquiries of the righteousness Pharisaical and Evangelical I have many more things to say but ye cannot hear them now because the time is past One thing indeed were fit to be spoken of if I had any time left but I can only name it and desire your consideration to make it up This great Rule that Christ gives us does also and that principally too concern Churches and Common-wealths as well as every single Christian. Christian Parliaments must exceed the Religion and Government of the Sanhedrim Your Laws must be more holy the condition of the Subjects be made more tolerable the Laws of Christ must be
it is no wonder that it is said we are to be justified by works alwayes meaning not the works of the law that is works that are meritorious works that can challenge the reward works that need no mercy no repentance no humiliation and no appeal to grace and favour but alwayes meaning works that are an obedience to God by the measures of good will and a sincere endeavour and the faith of the Lord Jesus 3. But thus also it is in the word Justification For God is justified and wisdom is justified and man is justified and a sinner is not justified as long as he continues in sin and a sinner is justified when he repents and when he is pardoned and an innocent person is justified when he is declared to be no criminal and a righteous man is justified when he is saved and a weak Christian is justified when his imperfect services are accepted for the present and himself thrust forward to more grace and he that is justified may be justified more and every man that is justified to one purpose is not so to all and faith in divers senses gives justification in as many and therefore though to every sense of Faith there is not alwayes a degree of justification in any yet when the faith is such that justification is the product and correspondent as that Faith may be imperfect so the justification is but begun and either must proceed further or else as the faith will dy so the justification will come to nothing The like observation might be made concerning imputation and all the words used in this question but these may suffice till I pass to other particulars 4. Not only the word Faith but also charity and godliness and religion signifie sometimes particular graces and sometimes they suppose Universally and mean conjugations and Unions of graces as is evident to them that read the Scriptures with observation Now when justification is attributed to Faith or Salvation to godliness they are to be understood in the aggregate sense for that I may give but one instance of this when S. Paul speaks of faith as it is a particular grace and separate from the rest he also does separate it from all possibility of bringing us to Heaven Though I have all Faith so that I could remove Mountains and have no charity I am nothing When Faith includes charity it will bring us to Heaven when it is alone when it is without charity it will do nothing at all 5. Neither can this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 be salved by saying that though Faith alone does justifie yet when she does justifie she is not alone but good works must follow for this is said to no purpose 1. Because if we be justified by faith alone the work is done whether charity does follow or no and therefore that want of charity cannot hurt us 2. There can be no imaginable cause why charity and obedience should be at all necessary if the whole work can be done without it 3. If obedience and charity be not a condition of our Salvation than it is not necessary to follow faith but if it be it does as much as faith for that is but a part of the condition 4. If we can be sav'd without charity and keeping the Commandments what need we trouble our selves for them if we cannot be saved without them then either faith without them does not justifie or if it does we are never the better for we may be damned for all that justification The Consequent of the these observations is briefly this 1. That no man should fool himself by disputing about the Philosophy of Justification and what causality faith hath in it and whether it be the act of faith that justifies or the habit Whether faith as a good work or faith as an instrument Whether Faith as it is Obedience or faith as it is an access to Christ Whether as a hand or as a heart Whether by its own innate vertue or by efficacy of the object Whether as a sign or as a thing signified Whether by introduction or by perfection Whether in the first beginnings or in its last and best productions Whether by inherent worthiness or adventitious imputation Vberiùs ista quaeso c. that I may use the words of Cicero haec enim spinosiora priùs ut confiteor me cogunt quam ut assentiar These things are knotty and too intricate to do any good they may amuse us but never instruct us and they have already made men careless and confident disputative and troublesom proud and uncharitable but neither wiser nor better Let us therefore leave these weak wayes of troubling our selves or others and directly look to the Theology of it the direct duty the end of Faith and the work of Faith the conditions and the instruments of our Salvation the just foundation of our hopes how our faith can destroy our sin and how it can unite us unto God how by it we can be made Partakers of Christs death and imitators of his life For since it is evident by the premises that this article is not to be determined or relyed upon by arguing from words of many significations we must walk by a clearer light by such plain sayings and Dogmatical Propositions of Scripture which evidently teach us our duty and place our hopes upon that which cannot deceive us that is which require Obedience which call upon us to glorifie God and to do good to men and to keep all Gods Commandments with diligence and sincerity For since the end of our faith is that we may be Disciples and Servants of the Lord Jesus advancing his Kingdom here and partaking of it hereafter since we are commanded to believe what Christ taught that it may appear as reasonable as it is necessary to do what he hath commanded since Faith and works are in order one to the other it is impossible that Evangelical Faith and Evangelical works should be opposed one to the other in the effecting of our Salvation So that as it is to no purpose for Christians to dispute whether we are justified by Faith or the works of the law that is the Covenant of works without the help of Faith and the auxiliaries and allowances of mercy on Gods part and repentance on ours because no Christian can pretend to this so it is perfectly foolish to dispute whether Christians are to be justified by Faith or the works of the Gospel for I shall make it appear that they are both the same thing No man disparages faith but he that sayes Faith does not work righteousness for he that sayes so sayes indeed it cannot justifie for he sayes that faith is alone it is faith only and the words of my Text are plain you see saith S. James that is it is evident to your sense it is as clear as an ocular demonstration that a man is justified by works and not by Faith only My Text hath it in these two
pay him a better obedience when he forgives us what is past he intends we should sin no more when he offers us his graces he would have us to make use of them when he causes us to distrust our selves his meaning is we should rely upon him when he enables us to do what he commands us he commands us to do all that we can And therefore this Covenant of Faith and mercy is also a Covenant of holiness and the grace that pardons us does also purifie us for so saith the Apostle He that hath this hope purifies himself even as God is pure And when we are so then we are justified indeed this is the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the law of Faith and by works in this sense that is by the works of Faith by Faith working by love and producing fruits worthy of amendment of life we are justified before God And so I have done with the affirmative Proposition of my Text you see that a man is justified by works But there is more in it then this matter yet amounts to For S. James does not say we are justified by works and are not justified by Faith that had been irreconcileable with S. Paul but we are so justified by works that it is not by Faith alone it is Faith and works together that is it is by the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the obedience of Faith by the works of Faith by the law of Faith by righteousness Evangelical by the conditions of the Gospel and the measures of Christ. I have many things to say in this particular but because I have but a little time left to say them in I will sum it all up in this Proposition That in the question of justification and salvation Faith and good works are no part of a distinction but members of one intire body Faith and good works together work the righteousness of God That is that I may speak plainly justifying faith contains in it obedience and if this be made good then the two Apostles are reconciled to each other and both of them to the necessity the indispensable necessity of a good life Now that justifying and saving Faith must be defined by something more than an act of understanding appears not only in this that S. Peter reckons Faith as distinctly from knowledge as he does from patience or strength or brotherly kindness saying Add to your faith vertue to vertue knowledge but in this also because an error in life and whatsoever is against holiness is against faith And therefore S. Paul reckons the lawless and the disobedient murders of Parents man-stealing and such things to be against sound doctrines for the doctrine of Faith is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the doctrine that is according to godliness And when S. Paul prayes against ungodly men he adds this reason 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for all men have not Faith meaning that wicked men are Infidels and Unbelievers and particularly he affirms of him that does not provide for his own that he hath denyed the Faith Now from hence it follows that faith is godliness because all wickedness is infidelity it is an Apostacy from the Faith Ille erit Ille nocens qui me tibi fecerat hostem he that sins against God he is the enemy to the Faith of Jesus Christ and therefore we deceive our selves if we place faith in the understanding only it is not that and it does not dwell there but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith the Apostle the Mystery of Faith is kept no where it dwells no where but in a pure conscience For I consider that since all moral habits are best defined by their operations we can best understand what faith is by seeing what it does To this purpose hear S. Paul By faith Abel offered up to God a more excellent Sacrifice than Cain By faith Noah made an Ark. By faith Abraham left his Country and offered up his Son By faith Moses chose to suffer affliction and accounted the reproach of Christ greater than all the riches of Aegypt In short the children of God by faith subdued Kingdoms and wrought righteousness To work righteousness is as much the duty and work of faith as believing is So that now we may quickly make an end of this great inquiry whether a man is justified by Faith or by works for he is so by both if you take it alone faith does not justifie but take it in the aggregate sense as it is used in the question of Justification by S. Paul and then faith does not only justifie but it sanctifies too and then you need to inquire no further obedience is a part of the definition of faith as much as it is of Charity This is love saith S. John that we keep his Commandments And the very same is affirmed of Faith too by Bensirach He that believeth the Lord will keep his Commandments I have now don with all the Proposiâ—ions expressed and implyed in the Text give me leave to make some practical Considerations and so I shall dismiss you from this Attention The rise I take from the words of S. Epiphanius speaking in praise of the Apostolical and purest Ages of the Church There was at first no distinction of Sects and Opinions in the Church she knew no difference of men but good and bad there was no separation made but what was made by piety or impiety or sayes he which is all one by fidelity and infidelity 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For Faith hath in it the Image of godliness engraven and infidelity hath the character of wickedness and prevarication A man was not then esteemed a Saint for disobeying his Bishop or an Apostle nor for misunderstanding the hard sayings of S. Paul about predestination to kick against the laudable customs of the Church was not then accounted a note of the godly party and to despise Government was but an ill mark and weak indication of being a good Christian. The Kingdom of God did not then consist in words but in power the power of godliness though now we are fallen into another method we have turned all Religion into Faith and our Faith is nothing but the productions of interest or disputing it is adhering to a party and a wrangling against all the world beside and when it is asked of what Religion he is of we understand the meaning to be what faction does he follow what are the articles of his Sect not what is the manner of his life and if men be zealous for their party and that interest then they are precious men though otherwise they be Covetous as the grave factious as Dathan Schismatical as Corah or proud as the falling Angels Alas these things will but deceive us the faith of a Christian cannnot consist in strifes about words and perverse disputings of men These things the Apostle calls prophane and vain Bablings and mark what he sayes of them these things will encrease 〈◊〉
I shall enter no further upon this inquiry only I remember that it is not very many Months since the Bigots of the Popish party cryed out against us vehemently and inquired Where is your Church of England since you have no Unity for your Ecclesiastick head of Unity your Bishops are gone And if we should be desirous to verify their argument so as indeed to destroy Episcopacy We should too much advantage Popery and do the most imprudent and most impious thing in the world But blessed be God who hath restored that Government for which our late King of glorious memory gave his blood And that me thinks should very much weigh with all the Kings true hearted Subjects who should make it Religion not to rob that glorious Prince of the greatest honour of such a Martyrdom For my part I think it fit to rest in those words of another Martyr S. Cyprian Si quis cum Episcopo non sit in Ecclesia non esse He that is not with the Bishop is not in the Church that is he that goes away from him and willingly separates departs from Gods Church and whether he can then be with God is a very material consideration and fit to be thought on by all that think Heaven a more eligible good then the interests of a faction and the importune desire of rule can countervail However I have in the following papers spoken a few things which I hope may be fit to perswade them that are not infinitely prejudiced and although two or three good arguments are as good as two or three hundred yet my purpose here was to prove the dignity and necessity of the Office and Order Episcopal only that it might be as an Oeconomy to convey notice and remembrances of the great duty incumbent upon all them that undertake this great charge The Dignity and the Duty take one another by the hand and are born together only every Sheep of the Flock must take care to make the Bishops duty as easy as it can by humility and love by prayer and by Obedience It is at the best very difficult but they who oppose themselves to Government make it harder and uncomfortable But take heed if thy Bishop hath cause to complain to God of thee for thy perversness and uncharitable walking thou wilt be the loser And for us we can only say in the words of the Prophet We will weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people But Our comfort is in God for we can do nothing without him but in him we can do all things And therefore We will pray Domine dabis pacem nobis omnia enim opera nostra operatus es in nobis God hath wrought all our works within us and therefore he will give us Peace and give us his Spirit Finally Brethren pray for us that the word of the Lord may have free course and be glorified even as it is with you and that we may be delivered from unreasonable and wicked men for all men have not Faith A Consecration Sermon Preached at DVBLIN Luke XII 42. And the Lord said Who then is that faithful and wise Steward whom his Lord shall make Ruler over his houshold to give them their portion of meat in due season 43. Blessed is that Servant whom his Lord when he cometh shall find so doing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 THese words are not properly a question though they seem so and the particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is not interrogative but hypothetical and extends who to whosoever plainly meaning that whoever is a Steward over Christs houshould of him God requires a great care because he hath trusted him with a great imployment Every Steward 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so it is in St. Matthew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so it is in my Text Every Steward whom the Lord hath or shall appoint over the Family to rule it and to feed it now and in all generations of men as long as this Family shall abide on earth that is the Apostles and they who were to succeed the Apostles in the Stewardship were to be furnished with the same power and to undertake the same charge and to give the same strict and severe accounts In these words here is something insinuated and much expressed 1. That which is insinuated only is who these Stewards are whom Christ had whom Christ would appoint over his Family the Church they are not here named but we shall find them out by their propeâ— dirâ—ction and indigitation by and by 2. But that which is expressed is the Office it self in a double capacity 1. In the dignity of it It is a Rule and a Government whom the Lord shall make Ruler over his houshould 2. In the care and duty of it which determines the government to be paternal and profitable iâ— is a rule but such a rule as Shepherds have over their flocks to lead them to good pastures and to keep them within their appointed walks and within their folds 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that 's the work to give them a measure and proportion of nourishment 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so St. Matthew calls it meat in the season that which is fit for them and when it is fit meat enough and meat convenient and both together mean that which the Greek Poets call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the strong wholsom dyet 3. Lastly Here is the reward of the faithful and wise dispensation The Steward that does so and continues to do so till his Lord find him so doing this man shall be blessed in his deed Blessed is the Servant whom his Lord when he cometh shall find so doing Of these in order â— Who are these Rulers of Christs Family for though Christ knew it and therefore needed not to ask yet we have disputed it so much and obeyed so little that we have changed the plain hypothesis into an intangled question The answer yet is easy as to some part of the inquiry The Apostles are the first meaning of the Text for they were our Fathers in Christ They begat Sons and Daughters unto God and were a spiritual paternity is evident we need look no further for spiritual Government because in the paternal rule all power is founded They begat the Family by the power of the word and the life of the Spirit and they fed this Family and ruled it by the word of their proper Ministery They had the keyes of this house the Stewards Ensign and they had the Rulers place for they sat on twelve thrones and judged the twelve tribes of Israel But of this there is no question And as little of another proposition that this Stewardship was to last for ever for the powers of Ministring in this Office and the Office it self were to be perpetual For the issues and powers of Government are more necessary for the perpetuating the Church then for the first planting and if it was necessary that
be Curates of Souls but they are most unfit to reprove the Laws and speak against the wisdome of a Nation when it is confessed that they are so weak that they understand not the fundamental Liberty which Christ hath purchased for them but are servants to a scruple and affrighted at a circumstance and in bondage under an indifferent thing an so much Idolaters of their Sect or Opinion as to prefer it before all their own nobler interests and the Charity of their brother and the Peace of a whole Church and Nation To you my Lords and Gentlemen I hope I may say as Marcus Curius said to a stubborn young man Non opus Vos habere cive qui parére nesciret the Kingdome hath no need of those that know not how to obey But as for them who have weak and tender Consciences they are in the state of Childhood and minority but then you know that a Child is never happy by having his own humor if you chuse for him and make him to use it he hath but one thing to doe but if you put him to please himself he is troubled with every thing and satisfied with nothing We find that all Christian Churches kept this Rule They kept themselves and others close to the rule of Faith and peaceably suffered one another to differ in Ceremonies but suffered no difference amongst their own they gave Liberty to other Churches and gave Laws and no Liberty to their own Subjects And at this day the Churches of Geneva France Switzerland Germany Low Countries tye all their people to their own Laws but tye up no mans Conscience if he be not perswaded as they are let him charitably dissent and leave that Government and adhere to his own Communion If you be not of their mind they will be served by them that are they will not trouble your Conscience and you shall not disturb their Government But when men think they cannot enjoy their Conscience unless you give them good Livings and if you prefer them not you afflict their Consciences they do but too evidently declare that it is not their Consciences but their Profits they would have secured Now to these I have only this to say That their Conscience is to be enjoyed by the measures of God's Word but the Rule for their Estates is the Laws of the Kingdome and I shew you yet a more excellent way Obedience is the best security for both because this is the best conservatory of Charity and Truth and Peace Si vis brevi perfectus esse esto obediens etiam in minimis was the saying of a Saint and the world uses to look for Miracles from them whom they shall esteem Saints but I had rather see a man truly humble and obedient then to see him raise a man from the dead said old Pachomius But to conclude if weak brethren shall still plead for Toleration and Compliance I hope my Lords the Bishops will consider where it can doe good and doe no harm where they are permitted and where themselves are bound up by the Laws and in all things where it is safe and holy to labour to bring them ease and to give them remedy but to think of removing the Disease by feeding the Humor I confess it is a strange cure to our present Distempers He that took clay and spittle to open the blind eyes can make any thing be collyrium but he alone can doe it But whether any humane power can bring good from so unlikely an instrument if any man desires yet to be better informed I desire him besides the calling to mind the late sad effects of Schime to remember that no Church in Christendome ever did it It is neither the way of Peace nor Government nor yet a proper remedy for the cure of a weak Conscience I shall therefore pray to God that these men who separate in simplicity may by God's mercy be brought to understand their own Liberty and that they may not for ever be babes and Neophytes and wax old in trifles and for ever stay at entrances and outsides of Religion but that they would pass in interiora domûs and seek after Peace and Righteousness Holiness and Justice the love of God and Evangelical perfections and then they will understand how ill-advised they are who think Religion consists in zeal against Ceremonies and speaking evil of the Laws My Lords and Gentlemen what I said in pursuance of publick Peace and private Duty and some little incidences to both I now humbly present to you more to shew my own Obedience then to re-mind you of your Duty which hitherto you have so well observed in your amicable and sweet concord of counsels and affections during this present Session I owe many thanks to you who heard me patiently willingly and kindly I endeavoured to please God and I find I did not displease you but he is the best hearer of a Sermon who first loves the Doctrine and then practises it and that you have hitherto done very piously and very prosperously I pray God continue to direct your Counsels so that you in all things may please him and in all things be blessed by him that all generations may call you blessed Instruments of a lasting Peace the restorers of the old paths the Patrons of the Church friends of Religion and Subjects fitted for your Prince who is Just up to the greatest example and Merciful beyond all examples a Prince who hath been nourished and preserved and restored and blessed by Miracles a Prince whose Vertues and Fortunes are equally the greatest 1 SAMUEL 15. latter part of the 22 th verse Behold to obey is better then sacrifice and to hearken then the fat of rams First part of the 23 th For Rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft and stubbornness is as iniquity and idolatry IN the world nothing is more easy then to say our Prayers and to obey our Superiors and yet in the world there is nothing to which we are so unwilling as to Prayer and nothing seems so intolerable as Obedience for men esteem all Laws to be fetters and their Superiors are their enemies and when a command is given we turn into all shapes of excuse to escape from the imposition For either the authority is incompetent or the law it self is Statutum non bonum or it is impossible to be kept or at least very inconvenient and we are to be reliev'd in equity or there is a secret dispensation and it does not bind in my particular case or not now or it is but the law of a man and was made for a certain end or it does not bind the conscience but 't was only for Political regards or if the worst happen I will obey passively and then I am innocent Thus every man snuffes up the wind like the wild asses in the wilderness and thinks that Authority is an incroachment upon a mans birth-right and in the mean time never considers that Christ took
upon him our Nature that he might learn us Obedience and in that also make us become like unto God In his Justice and his Mercy he was imitable before but before the Incarnation of Christ we could not in passive graces imitate God who was impassible But he was pleased at a great rate to set forward this duty and when himself became obedient in the hardest point obediens usque ad mortem and is now become to us the author and finisher of our Obedience as well as of our Faith admonetur omnis aetas fieri posse quod aliquando factum est We must needs confess it very possible to obey the severest of the divine laws even to dye if God commands because it was already done by a man and we must needs confess it excellent because it was done by God himself But this great Example is of universal influence in the whole matter of Obedience For that I may speak of that part of this Duty which can be useful and concerns us Men do not deny but they must obey in all Civil things but in Religion they have a Supreme God only and Conscience is his interpreter and in effect every man must be the Judge whether he shall obey or no. Therefore it is that I say the Example of our Lord is the great determination of this inquiry for he did obey and suffer according to the commands of his Superiors under whose Government he was placed he gave his back to the smiters and his cheeks to the nippers he kept the orders of the Rulers and the customes of the Synagogues the Law of Moses and the rights of the Temple and by so doing he fulfilled all righteousness Christ made no distinctions in his Obedience but obeyed God in all things and those that God set over him in all things according to God and in things of Religion most of all because to obey was of it self a great instance of Religion and if ever Religion comes to be pretended against Obedience in any thing where our Superior can command it is imposture For that is the purpose of my text Obedience is better then Sacrifice Our own judgment our own opinion is the sacrifice seldome fit to be offered to God but most commonly deserving to be consumed by fire but take it at the best it is not half so good as Obedience for that was indeed Christ's Sacrifice and as David of Goliah's sword non est alter talis there is no other sacrifice that can be half so good and when Abraham had lifted up his sacrificing knife to slay his Son and so express'd his obedience God would have no more he had the Obedience and he cared not for the Sacrifice By Sacrifice here then is meant the external and contingent actions of Religion by Obedience is meant submission to Authority and observing the command Obedience is a not chusing our Duty a not disputing with our Betters not to argue not to delay not to murmure it is not this but it is much better for it is Love and Simplicity and Humility and Usefulness and I think these do reductively contain all that is excellent in the whole conjugation of Christian Graces My Text is a perfect Proposition and hath no special remark in the words of it but is only a great representation of the most useful Truth to all Kingdomes and Parliaments and Councels and Authorities in the whole world It is your Charter and the Sanction of your authority and the stabiliment of your Peace and the honour of your Laws and the great defence of your Religion and the building up and the guarding of the King's Throne It is that by which all the Societies in heaven and earth are firm without this you cannot have a Village prosperous or a Ship arrive in harbour It is that which God hath bound upon us by hope and fear by wrath and conscience by duty and necessity Obedience is the formality of all Vertues and every Sin is Disobedience There can no greater thing be said unless you please to adde that we never read that the earth opened and swallowed up any man alive but a company of rebellious disobedient people who rose cup against Moses and Aaron the Prince of the People and the Priest of God For Obedience is the most necessary thing in the world and corruptio optimi est pessima Disobedience is the greatest evil in the world and that alone which can destroy it My text is instanced in the matter of Obedience to God but yet the case is so that though I shall in the first place discourse of our Obedience to man I shall not set one foot aside from the main intention of it because Obedience to our Superiors is really and is accounted to be Obedience to God for they are sent by God they are his vicegerents his Ministers and his Embassadors Apostolus cujusque est quisque say the Jewes Every mans Apostle is himself and he that heareth or despiseth you said Christ heareth or despiseth me And the reason is very evident because it is not to be expected that God should speak to us by himself but sometimes by Angels sometimes by Prophets once by his Son and alwaies by his Servants Now I desire two things to be observed First We may as well perceive that God speaks to us when he uses the ministry of men as when he uses the ministry of Angels one is as much declared and as certain as the other And if it be said a man may pretend to come from God and yet deliver nothing but his own errand that is no strange thing but remember also that S. Paul puts this supposition in the case of an Angel If an Angel preach any other Gospel and we know that many Angels come like Angels of light who yet teach nothing but the waies of Darkness So that we are still as much bound to obey our Superior as to obey an Angel a man is paulò minor angelis a little lower then the Angels but we are much lower then the King Consider then with what fear and love we should receive an Angel and so let us receive all those whom God hath sent to us and set over us for they are no less less indeed in their Persons but not in their Authorities Nay the case is nearer yet for we are not only bound to receive God's Deputies as God's Angel but as God himself For it is the power of God in the hand of a man and he that resists resists God's ordinance And I pray remember that there is not only no power greater then God's but there is no other for all Power is his The consequent of this is plain enough I need say no more of it It is all one to us who commands God or God's Vicegerent This was the first thing to be observed Secondly there can be but two things in the world requir'd to make Obedience necessary the greatness of the Authority and
these are two things worth inquiry 1. Concerning Authority All disagreeing persons to cover their foul shame of Rebellion or Disobedience pretend Conscience for their Judge and the Scripture for their Law Now if these men think that by this means they proceed safely upon the same ground the Superior may doe what he thinks to be his duty and be at least as safe as they If the Rebellious Subject can think that by God's Law he ought not to obey the Prince may at the same time think that by God's Law he ought to punish him and it is as certain that he is justly punished as he thinks it certain he reasonably disobeys Or is the Conscience of the Superior bound to relaxe his lawes if the inferior tells him so Can the Prince give Laws to the peoples will and can the people give measures to the Princes understanding If any one of the people can prescribe or make it necessary to change the Law then every one can and by this time every new Opinion will introduce a new Law and that Law shall be obey'd by him only that hath a mind to it and that will be a strange Law that binds a man only to doe his own pleasure But because the King's Conscience is to him as sure a Rule as the Conscience of any disobedient Subject can be to himself the Prince is as much bound to doe his duty in Government as the other can be to follow his Conscience in disagreeing and the consequent will be that whether the Subject be right or wrong in the disputation it is certain he hath the just reward of Disobedience in the conclusion If one mans Conscience can be the measure of another mans action why shall not the Princes Conscience be the Subject's measure but if it cannot then the Prince is not to depart from his own Conscience but proceed according to the Laws which he judges just and reasonable 2. The Superior is tied by the laws of Christian Charity so far to bend in the ministration of his Laws as to pity the invincible Ignorance and Weakness of his abused people qui devoratur à malis Pastoribus as S. Hierom's expression is that are devour'd by their evill Shepheards but this is to last no longer then till the Ignorance can be cured and the man be taught his duty for whatsoever comes after this looks so like Obstinacy that no Laws in the world judge it to be any thing else And then secondly this also is to be understood to be the duty of Superiors only in matters of mere Opinion not relating to Practice For no mans Opinion must be suffer'd to doe mischief to disturb the Peace to dishonour the Government not only because every disagreeing person can to serve his end pretend his Conscience and so claim impunity for his Villany but also because those things which concern the good of mankind and the Peace of Kingdomes are so plainly taught that no man who thinks himself so wise as to be fit to oppose Authority can be so foolish as in these things not to know his Duty In other things if the Opinion does neither bite nor scratch if it dwells at home in the house of understanding and wanders not into the out-houses of Passion and popular orations the Superior imposes no laws and exacts no obedience and destroies no liberty and gives no restraint This is the part of Authority 2. The next enquiry is What must the disagreeing Subject doe when he supposes the Superiors command is against the Law of God I answer that if he thinks so and thinks true he must not obey his Superior in that but because most men that think so think amiss there are many particulars fit by such persons to be consider'd 1. Let such men think charitably of others and that all are not fools or mad-men who are not of the same Opinion with themselves or their own little party 2. Let him think himself as fallible and subject to mistake as other men are 3. But let him by no means think that every Opinion of his is an Inspiration from God for that is the pride and madness of a pretended Religion such a man is to be cured by Physick for he could not enter into that perswasion by Reason or Experience and therefore it must enter into him by folly or the anger of God 4. From hence it will naturally follow that he ought to think his Opinion to be uncertain and that he ought not to behave himself like the man that is too confident but because his Obedience is Duty and his Duty certain he will find it more wise and safe and holy to leave that which is disputable and pursue that which is demonstrable to change his uncertain Opinion for his certain Duty For it is twenty to one but he is deceived in his Opinion but if he be it is certain that whatsoever his Conscience be yet in his separation from Authority he is a sinner 2. Every man who by his Opinion is ingaged against Authority should doe well to study his doubtful Opinion less and Humility and Obedience more But you say that this concerns not me for my disagreeing is not in a doubtful matter but I am sure I am in the right there is no ifs and ands in my case Well it may be so but were it not better that you did doubt A wise man feareth saith Solomon and departeth from evil but a fool rageth and is confident and the difference between a Learned man and a Novice is this that the yong fellow crieth out I am sure it is so the better learned answers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 possibly it may and peradventure it is so but I pray enquire and he is the best Diviner 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he is the best Judge that conjectures best not he that is most confident for as Xenophanes said wisely Man does but conjecture but God only knows and it is no disparagement to a wise man to learn and by suspecting the fallibility of things and his own aptness to mistake to walk prudently and safely with an eye to God and an eare open to his Superior Some men are drunk with fancy and mad with Opinion Who believe more strongly then boyes and women who are so hard to be perswaded as fools and who so readily suspect their teachers as they who are govern'd by chance and know not the intrinsick measures of good and evil Qui pauca considerat de facili pronunciat it is a little learning and not enough that makes men conclude hastily and clap fast hold on the Conclusion before they have well weighed the Premisses but Experience and Humility would teach us Modesty and Fear 3. In all disputes he that obeys his Superior can never be a Heretick in the estimate of Law and he can never be a Schismatick in the point of Conscience so that he certainly avoids one great death and very probably the other Res judicata pro
great testimony how the sentences of Kings ought to be valued even in matters of Religion and questions of greatest doubt Bona conscientia Scyphus est Josephi said the old Abbot of Kells a good Conscience is like Joseph's Cup in which our Lord the King divines And since God hath blessed us with so good so just so religious and so wise a Prince let the sentence of his Laws be our last resort and no questions be permitted after his judgment and legal determination For Wisedome saith By me Princes rule by me they decree justice and therefore the spirit of the King is a divine eminency and is as the spirit of the most High God 4. Let no man be too busy in disputing the laws of his Superiors for a man by that seldome gets good to himself but seldome misses to doe mischief unto others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 said one in Laertius Will a son contend with his father that 's not decent though the son speak that which is right he may possibly say well enough but he does doe very ill not only because he does not pay his duty and reverential fear but because it is in it self very often unreasonable to dispute concerning the command of our Superior whether it be good or no for the very commandement can make it not only good but a necessary good It seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to us to lay on you no greater burden then these necessary things said the Council of Jerusalem and yet these things were not necessary but as they were commanded to abstain from a strangled hen or a bloody pudding could not of themselves be necessary but the commandement came authority did interpose and then they were made so 5. But then besides the advantages both of the spirit and the authority of Kings in matters of question the laws and decrees of a National Church ought upon the account of their own advantages be esteem'd as a final sentence in all things disputed The thing is a plain command Hebrews 13.7 Remember them which have the rule over you who have spoken unto you the word of God this tels what Rulers he means Rulers Ecclesiastical and what of them whose faith follow they must praeire in articulis they are not masters of your faith but guides of it and they that sit in Moses chair must be heard and obey'd said our blessed Saviour These words were not said for nothing and they were nothing if their authority were nothing For between the laws of a Church and the opinion of a Subject the comparison is the same as between a publick spirit and a private The publick is far the better the daughter of God and the mother of a blessing and alwaies dwels in light The publick spirit hath already passed the trial it hath been subjected to the Prophets tried and searched and approved the private is yet to be examined The publick spirit is uniform and apt to be followed the private is various and multiform as chance and no man can follow him that hath it For if he follows one he is reproved by a thousand and if he changes he may get a shame but no truth and he can never rest but in the arms and conduct of his Superior When Aaron and Miriam murmured against Moses God told them that they were Prophets of an inferior rank then Moses was God communicated himself to them in dreams and visions but the Ruach hakkodesh the publick spirit of Moses their Prince that was higher and what then wherefore then God said were ye not afraid to speak against my servant Moses plainly teaching us that where there is a more excellent spirit they that have a spirit less excellent ought to be afraid to speak against it And this is the full case of the private and publick spirit that is of a Subject speaking against the spirit and the laws of the Church In heaven and in the air and in all the regions of spirits the spirit of a lower order dares not speak against the spirit of an higher and therefore for a private spirit to oppose the publick is a disorder greater then is in hell it self To conclude this point Let us consider whether it were not an intolerable mischief if the Judges should give sentence in causes of instance by the measures of their own fancy and not by the Laws who would endure them and yet why may they not doe that as well as any Ecclesiastic person preach Religion not which the Laws allow but what is taught him by his own private Opinion but he that hath the Laws on his side hath ever something of true Religion to warrant him and can never want a great measure of justification 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Laws and the customes of the country are the results of wise counsels or long experience they ever comply with Peace and publick benefit and nothing of this can be said of private Religions for they break the Peace and trouble the Conscience and undo Government and despise the Laws and offend Princes and dishonour the wisdome of Parliaments and destroy Obedience Well but in the last place if we cannot doe what the Laws command we will suffer what they impose and then all is well again But first who ever did so that could help it And secondly this talking of passive Obedience is but a mockery for what man did ever say the Laws were not good but he also said the Punishment was unjust And thirdly which of all the Recusants did not endeavour to get ground upon the Laws and secretly or openly asperse the Authority that put him to pain for doing that which he calls his duty and can any man boast of his passive Obedience that calls it Persecution he may think to please himself but he neither does or saies any thing that is for the reputation of the Laws Such men are like them that sail in a storm they may possibly be thrown into a harbour but they are very sick all the way But after all this I have one thing to observe to such persons That such a passive Obedience as this does not acquit a man before God and he that suffers what the Law inflicts is not discharg'd in the Court of Conscience but there he is still a sinner and a debter For the law is not made for the righteous but for sinners that is the punishment appointed by the Law falls on him only that hath sinned but an offending subject cannot with the fruit of his body pay for the sin of his Soul when he does evil he must suffer evil but if he does not repent besides a worse thing will happen to him for we are not tied to obey only for wrath but also for Conscience Passive obedience is only the correspondent of wrath but it is the active obedience that is required by Conscience and whatever the Subject suffers for his own fault it matters nothing as to his
Duty but this also God will exact at the hands of every man that is placed under Authority I have now told you the summe of what I had to say concerning Obedience to Laws and to your own Government and it will be to little purpose to make laws in matter of Religion or in any thing else if the end of it be that every man shall chuse whether he will obey or no and if it be questioned whether you be deceiv'd or no though the suffering such a question is a great diminution to your authority yet it is infinitely more probable that you are in the right then that the disobedient Subject is because you are conducted with a publick spirit you have a special title and peculiar portions of the promise of God's assistance you have all the helps of Counsel and the advantages of deliberation you have the Scriptures and the Laws you are as much concerned to judge according to truth as any man you have the principal of all capacities and states of men to assist your consultations you are the most concern'd for Peace and to please God also is your biggest interest and therefore it cannot be denied to be the most reasonable thing in the world which is set down in the Law Praesumptio est pro authoritate imponentis the presumption of truth ought to be on your side and since this is the most likely way for Truth and the most certain way for Peace you are to insist in this and it is not possible to find a better I have another part or sense of my Text yet to handle but because I have no more time of mine own and I will not take any of yours I shall only doe it in a short Exhortation to this most Honourable Auditory and so conclude God hath put a Royal Mantle and fastned it with a Golden Clasp upon the shoulder of the KING and he hath given you the Judges Robe the King holds the Scepter and he hath now permitted you to touch the golden Ball and to take it a while into your handling and made obedience to your Laws to be Duty and Religion but then remember that the first in every kind is to be the measure of the Subjects should obey you unless you obey God I do not speak this only in relation to your personal duty though in that also it would be consider'd that all the Bishops and Ministers of Religion are bound to teach the same Doctrines by their Lives as they do by their Sermons and what we are to doe in the matters of Doctrine you are also to doe in matter of Laws what is reasonable for the advantages of Religion is also the best Method for the advantages of Government we must preach by our good Example and you must govern by it and your good example in observing the laws of Religion will strangely endear them to the affections of the people But I shall rather speak to you as you are in a capacity of union and of Government for as now you have a new Power so there is incumbent upon you a special Duty 1. Take care that all your power and your counsels be imploy'd in doing honour and advantages to Piety and Holiness Then you obey God in your publick capacity when by holy Laws and wise administrations you take care that all the Land be an obedient and a religious People For then you are princely Rulers indeed when you take care of the Salvation of a whole Nation Nihil aliud est imperium nisi cura salutis alinae said Ammianus Government is nothing but a care that all men be saved And therefore take care that men do not destroy their Souls by the abominations of an evil life see that God be obey'd take care that the breach of the laws of God may not be unpunished The best way to make men to be good Subjects to the King is to make them good servants of God Suffer not Drunkenness to pass with impunity let Lust find a publick shame Let the sonnes of the Nobility and Gentry no more dare to dishonour God then the meanest of the people shall let baseness be basely esteemed that is put such characters of Shame upon dishonourable Crimes that it be esteem'd more against the honour of a Gentleman to be drunk then to be kicked more shame to fornicate then to be can'd and for honours sake and the reputation of Christianity take some course that the most unworthy sins of the world have not reputation added to them by being the practice of Gentlemen and persons of good birth and fortunes Let not them who should be examples of Holiness have an impunity and a licence to provoke God to anger lest it be said that in Ireland it is not lawful for any man to sin unless he be a person of quality Optimus est reipublicae status ubi nihil deest nisilicentia pereundi In a common-wealth that 's the best state of things where every thing can be had but a leave to sin a licence to be undone 2. As God is thus to be obey'd and you are to take care that he be so God also must be honnourd by paying that reverence and religious obedience which is due to those persons whom he hath been pleased to honour by admitting them to the dispensation of his blessings and the ministeries of your Religion For certain it is this is a right way of giving honour and obedience to God The Church is in some very peculiar manner the portion and the called and the care of God and it will concern you in pursuance of your obedience to God to take care that they in whose hands Religion is to be ministred and conducted be not discouraged For what your Judges are to the ministry of Laws that your Bishops are in the ministeries of Religion and it concerns you that the hands of neither of them be made weak and so long as you make Religion your care and Holiness your measure you will not think that Authority is the more to be despised because it is in the hands of the Church or that it is a sin to speak evil of dignities unless they be Ecclesiastical but that they may be reviled and that though nothing is baser then for a man to be a Thief yet Sacrilege is no dishonour and indeed to be an Oppressor is a great and crying sin yet to oppress the Church to diminish her rents to make her beggerly and contemptible that 's no offence and that though it is not lawful to despise Government yet if it be Church-government that then the case is altered Take heed of that for then God is dishonoured when any thing is the more despised by how much it relates nearer unto God No Religion ever did despise their chiefest Ministers and the Christian Religion gives them the greatest honour For honourable Priesthood is like a shower from heaven it causes blessings every where but a pitiful a
and being convinced of the truth does also apprehend the necessity and obeys the precept and delights in the discovery and layes his hand upon his heart and reduces the notices of things to the practice of duty he who dares trust his proposition and drives it on to the utmost most issue resolving to goe after it whithersoever it can invite him this Man walks in the spirit at least thus far he is gone towards it his Understanding is brought in obsequium Christi into the obedience of Christ. This is a loving God with all our mind and whatever goes less then this is but Memory and not Understanding or else such notice of things by which a man is neither the wiser nor the better 3. Sometimes God gives to his choicest his most elect and precious Servants a knowledge even of secret things which he communicates not to others We find it greatly remark'd in the case of Abraham Gen. 18.17 And the Lord said Shall I hide from Abraham that thing that I do Why not from Abraham God tells us v. 19. For I know him that he will command his Children and his houshold after him and they shall keep the way of the Lord to doe justice and judgement And though this be irregular and infrequent yet it is a reward of their piety and the proper increase also of the spirituall man We find this spoken by God to Daniel and promised to be the lot of the righteous man in the dayes of the Messias Many shall be purified and made white and tryed but the wicked shall do wickedly and what then None of the wicked shall understand but the wise shall understand Where besides that the wise man and the wicked are opposed plainly signifying that the wicked man is a Fool and an Ignorant it is plainly said that None of the wicked shall understand the wisdome and mysteriousnesse of the Kingdome of the Messias 4. A good life is the best way to understand Wisdome and Religion because by the experiences and relishes of Religion there is conveyed to them such a sweetnesse to which all wicked men are strangers there is in the things of God to them which practice them a deliciousnesse that makes us love them and that love admits us into Gods Cabinet and strangely clarifies the understanding by the purification of the heart For when our reason is raised up by the spirit of Christ it is turned quickly into experience when our Faith relyes upon the principles of Christ it is changed into vision so long as we know God only in the wayes of man by contentious Learning by arguing and dispute we see nothing but the shadow of him and in that shadow we meet with many dark appearances little certainty and much conjecture But when we know him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the eyes of holinesse and the intuition of gracious experiences with a quiet spirit and the peace of Enjoyment then we shall heare what we never heard and see what our eyes never saw then the mysteries of Godlinesse shall be opened unto us and cleare as the windows of the morning And this is rarely well expressed by the Apostle If we stand up from the dead and awake from sleep then Christ shall give us light For although the Scriptures themselves are written by the Spirit of God yet they are written within and without and besides the light that shines upon the face of them unlesse there be a light shining within our hearts unfolding the leaves and interpreting the mysterious sense of the spirit convincing our Consciences and preaching to our hearts to look for Christ in the leaves of the Gospell is to look for the living amongst the dead There is a life in them but that life is according to St. Paul's expression hid with Christ in God and unlesse the spirit of God be the Promo-condus we shall never draw it forth Humane Learning brings excellent ministeries towards this it is admirably usefull for the reproof of Heresies for the detection of Fallacies for the Letter of the Scripture for Collateral testimonies for exterior advantages but there is something beyond this that humane Learning without the addition of Divine can never teach Moses was learned in all the learning of the Egyptians and the holy men of God contemplated the glories of God in the admirable order motion and influences of the Heaven but besides all this they were taught of God something far beyond these prettinesses Pythagoras read Moses's Books and so did Plato and yet they became not Proselytes of the Religion though they were learned Scholars of such a Master The reason is because that which they drew forth from thence was not the life and secret of it Tradidit arcano quodcunque Volumine Moses There is a secret in these Books which few men none but the Godly did understand and though much of this secret is made manifest in the Gospel yet even here also there is a Letter and there is a Spirit still there is a reserve for Gods secret ones even all those deep mysteries which the old Testament covered in Figures and stories and names and prophesies and which Christ hath and by his Spirit will yet reveale more plainly to all that will understand them by their proper measures For although the Gospel is infinitely more legible and plain then the obscurer Leaves of the Law yet there is a seale upon them also which Seale no man shall open hut he that is worthy We may understand something of it by the three Children of the Captivity they were all skil'd in all the wisdom of the Chaldees and so was Daniel but there was something beyond that in him the wisdom of the most high God was in him and that taught him a learning beyond his learning In all Scripture there is a spirituall sense a spirituall Cabala which as it tends directly to holiness so it is best and truest understood by the sons of the Spirit who love God and therefore know him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 every thing is best known by its own similitudes and analogies But I must take some other time to speak fully of these things I have but one thing more to say and then I shall make my Applications of this Doctrine and so conclude 5. Lastly there is a sort of Gods deare Servants who walk in perfectnesse who perfect holinesse in the feare of God and they have a degree of Clarity and divine knowledge more then we can discourse of and more certain then the Demonstrations of Geometry brighter then the Sun and indeficient as the light of Heaven This is called by the Apostle the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Christ is this brightnesse of God manifested in the hearts of his dearest servants 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But I shall say no more of this at this time for this is to be felt and not to be talked of and they that never touched it with their