within_o that_o law_n but_o in_o humane_a law_n because_o they_o may_v enjoin_v something_o amiss_o there_o a_o right_n be_v often_o leave_v to_o we_o to_o choose_v rather_o to_o bear_v the_o penalty_n than_o to_o obey_v they_o because_o we_o be_v oblige_v rather_o to_o obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o case_n they_o command_v any_o action_n contrary_a to_o the_o divine_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 8._o for_o the_o further_a clear_v of_o this_o i_o shall_v premise_v somewhat_o to_o explain_v this_o word_n obligation_n which_o the_o civilian_n thus_o define_v obligatio_fw-la est_fw-la vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la astringitur_fw-la debitum_fw-la persolvere_fw-la that_o be_v a_o obligation_n be_v that_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o debt_n or_o due_a which_o definition_n do_v well_o include_v all_o sort_n of_o obligation_n if_o by_o the_o word_n ius_n or_o law_n we_o understand_v that_o law_n who_o obligation_n we_o propose_v to_o define_v so_o that_o by_o vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o this_o definition_n we_o understand_v that_o bond_n or_o tie_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v this_o natural_a debt_n i._n e._n to_o perform_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o god_n his_o creator_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o rational_a nature_n or_o else_o to_o undergo_v those_o punishment_n which_o be_v ordain_v for_o his_o disobedience_n or_o neglect_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a tie_n or_o obligation_n in_o all_o law_n the_o one_o active_a in_o the_o debt_n or_o duty_n the_o other_o passive_a in_o a_o patient_a submission_n to_o the_o punishment_n in_o case_n of_o any_o wilful_a neglect_n or_o omission_n thereof_o of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o but_o you_o be_v first_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o none_o can_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n but_o such_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o command_v we_o so_o that_o this_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o that_o just_a right_n of_o dominion_n which_o a_o superior_a power_n have_v over_o we_o and_o our_o action_n and_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v subject_a to_o other_o we_o be_v so_o far_o under_o a_o obligation_n to_o their_o lawful_a command_n which_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o discharge_n of_o that_o debt_n or_o duty_n we_o owe_v they_o that_o be_v when_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n from_o the_o will_n or_o command_v of_o a_o supreme_a power_n or_o legislator_n to_o who_o when_o sufficient_o make_v know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o obligation_n or_o duty_n viz._n in_o the_o conformity_n of_o our_o action_n to_o a_o rule_n such_o as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n so_o that_o all_o our_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o that_o absolute_a dominion_n which_o god_n as_o he_o be_v the_o great_a creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o mankind_n have_v over_o we_o for_o i_o can_v understand_v a_o right_n especial_o of_o dominion_n to_o be_v invest_v or_o seat_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o something_o which_o may_v be_v call_v at_o least_o analogical_o a_o law_n 2._o that_o every_o dictate_v of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n concern_v matter_n fit_a to_o be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n be_v such_o a_o law_n and_o so_o cicero_n the_o best_a master_n of_o language_n speak_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la 3._o that_o the_o eternal_a wisdom_n of_o god_n contain_v eminent_o or_o analogical_o in_o it_o all_o that_o we_o can_v know_v to_o be_v natural_a law_n 4._o but_o to_o know_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a law_n or_o the_o dictate_v of_o true_a reason_n concern_v the_o fit_a mean_n to_o the_o best_a end_n or_o great_a good_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o supreme_a government_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o especial_o of_o rational_a creature_n shall_v be_v in_o he_o who_o be_v most_o able_a and_o willing_a to_o pursue_v and_o attain_v that_o great_a end_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v settle_v in_o god._n 5._o so_o that_o by_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n or_o of_o perform_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a end_n the_o sovereignty_n become_v his_o right_n and_o our_o knowledge_n that_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n be_v in_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o this_o right_n be_v immutable_o fix_v and_o vest_v in_o he_o 6._o although_o in_o the_o method_n of_o investigate_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o they_o subsist_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o first_o law_n respect_v the_o end_n and_o this_o concern_v the_o mean_n come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n yet_o in_o our_o thought_n concern_v god_n we_o know_v that_o infinite_a wisdom_n comprehend_v all_o these_o dictate_v together_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o dictate_v or_o law_n settle_v universal_a dominion_n in_o god_n be_v coeternal_a with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v as_o early_o in_o his_o nature_n as_o the_o first_o natural_a law_n the_o obligation_n of_o which_o we_o be_v establish_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o here_o arise_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o moral_a obligation_n which_o be_v that_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o and_o a_o civil_a one_o or_o that_o by_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o law_n in_o civil_a government_n the_o former_a be_v in_o respect_n to_o god_n immediate_a will_n as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n whereas_o all_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v to_o our_o civil_a magistrate_n parent_n and_o master_n etc._n etc._n be_v only_o in_o subordination_n to_o ggd_n will_n so_o declare_v unto_o we_o and_o who_o have_v ordain_v this_o obedience_n for_o his_o own_o worship_n and_o glory_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 10._o yet_o i_o think_v notwithstanding_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o force_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n it_o may_v well_o enough_o consist_v with_o the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o man_n will_n since_o all_o these_o consideration_n do_v still_o but_o excite_v not_o necessitate_v he_o to_o act_v one_o way_n or_o other_o for_o it_o be_v still_o leave_v in_o his_o power_n either_o to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a in_o obey_v this_o will_n of_o god_n or_o else_o to_o prefer_v a_o less_o present_a good_a before_o it_o in_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o herein_o likewise_o consist_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o animal_n good_a or_o evil_a and_o a_o moral_a one_o the_o former_a be_v those_o natural_a mean_n conduce_v to_o each_o man_n preservation_n or_o destruction_n consider_v as_o a_o mere_a animal_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o god_n as_o their_o author_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o their_o rule_n the_o latter_a that_o be_v of_o all_o humane_a moral_a action_n or_o habit_n consider_v as_o agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ordain_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o make_v know_v to_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n so_o that_o they_o be_v thus_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a only_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o as_o their_o observance_n or_o neglect_v bring_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a that_o be_v happiness_n or_o misery_n upon_o we_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o necessity_n of_o put_v god_n in_o all_o our_o description_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o author_n thereof_o for_o be_v it_o not_o for_o his_o existence_n in_o who_o divine_a intellect_n the_o idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a be_v eternal_o establish_v and_o into_o who_o will_n so_o ordain_v they_o they_o be_v ultimate_o to_o be_v resolve_v mr._n h.'s_n or_o rather_o epicurus_n assertion_n will_v certain_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o it_o may_v here_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o great_a omission_n of_o divers_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o not_o place_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n or_o author_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o their_o definition_n have_v be_v perhaps_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_a reason_n of_o that_o false_a assertion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o so_o till_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a power_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o god_n will_n or_o command_v all_o man_n shall_v
endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o great_a they_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n by_o all_o the_o tie_v of_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n to_o concur_v with_o god_n will_n and_o design_n in_o pursue_v and_o endeavour_v this_o great_a end_n §_o 11._o but_o since_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n consist_v of_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a part_n or_o principle_n a_o soul_n and_o a_o body_n both_o capable_a of_o good_a and_o evil_a i._n e._n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o duty_n or_o obligation_n by_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o all_o the_o rational_a motive_n or_o reward_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n and_o deter_v by_o all_o the_o contrary_a evil_n or_o punishment_n from_o neglect_v or_o transgress_v it_o in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o plain_a axiom_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o learned_a bishop_n wilkin_n excellent_a discourse_n of_o natural_a religion_n axiom_n 1._o that_o which_o be_v moral_o good_a i.e._n agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v and_o prosecute_v and_o that_o which_o be_v evil_a i._n e._n contrary_a to_o his_o will_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v ax._n 2._o the_o great_a congruity_n there_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o great_a tendency_n it_o have_v to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v the_o perfection_n of_o man_n nature_n in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a so_o much_o great_a degree_n it_o have_v of_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o according_a to_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o proportion_v our_o inclination_n or_o aversion_n thereunto_o ax._n 3_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suitable_a both_o to_o the_o reason_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o all_o person_n shall_v submit_v themselves_o to_o god_n will_n upon_o who_o they_o depend_v for_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a by_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v render_v they_o acceptable_a to_o he_o and_o avoid_v those_o contrary_a action_n which_o may_v provoke_v his_o displeasure_n that_o be_v in_o short_a in_o prosecute_a the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n ax._n 4._o hence_o the_o rational_a nature_n and_o the_o perfection_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o sensitive_a a_o moral_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o animal_n pleasure_n and_o that_o which_o be_v moral_o evil_a be_v more_o to_o be_v avoid_v than_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o animal_n ax._n 5._o a_o present_a animal_n good_a may_v be_v part_v with_o upon_o a_o probable_a expectation_n of_o a_o great_a future_a moral_n good_n ax._n 6._o a_o present_a evil_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v for_o the_o probable_a avoid_n of_o a_o great_a though_o future_a evil._n but_o since_o all_o the_o reward_n which_o god_n can_v bestow_v upon_o we_o for_o our_o observe_v this_o fundamental_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n do_v only_o amount_v to_o the_o true_a and_o high_a happiness_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o we_o sufficient_o state_n that_o happiness_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o two_o plain_a proposition_n §_o 12._o prop._n 1._o that_o which_o give_v or_o constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v call_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o that_o thing_n prop._n 2._o that_o state_n or_o condition_n by_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o according_a to_o its_o kind_n be_v call_v the_o chief_a end_n good_a or_o happiness_n of_o such_o a_o be_v thus_o for_o example_n to_o give_v you_o a_o scale_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o being_n we_o know_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o life_n or_o motion_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n consist_v in_o have_v a_o vegetative_a life_n by_o which_o they_o receive_v nourishment_n and_o growth_n and_o be_v enable_v to_o multiply_v their_o kind_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o this_o kind_n of_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o a_o state_n of_o maturity_n to_o continue_v unto_o its_o natural_a period_n and_o to_o propagate_v its_o kind_n 2._o the_o nature_n of_o brutus_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o plant_n consist_v in_o their_o be_v endue_v with_o faculty_n whereby_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o apprehend_v external_a object_n and_o of_o receive_v pain_n or_o pleasure_n from_o they_o in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o these_o consist_v in_o mere_a sensitive_a pleasure_n i_o e._n of_o do_v and_o enjoy_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v grateful_a to_o their_o appetite_n and_o sense_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o he_o with_o plant_n and_o brute_n both_o in_o the_o vegetative_a and_o sensitive_a life_n consist_v in_o the_o faculty_n of_o right_a reason_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o its_o reward_n and_o punishment_n either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o that_o to_o come_v to_o induce_v he_o to_o their_o observation_n and_o deter_v he_o from_o the_o transgression_n of_o they_o which_o sentiment_n as_o no_o creature_n in_o this_o visible_a world_n except_o man_n do_v partake_v of_o so_o his_o chief_a good_a or_o happiness_n consist_v in_o the_o improvement_n and_o perfection_n of_o this_o faculty_n that_o be_v in_o such_o action_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o as_o may_v best_o entitle_v he_o to_o the_o divine_a favour_n and_o afford_v he_o the_o great_a assurance_n of_o a_o last_a happiness_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o after_o it_o be_v end_v so_o that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o voluntary_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o capable_a of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v call_v moral_a as_o be_v direct_v by_o god_n the_o supreme_a legislator_n to_o the_o great_a and_o most_o excellent_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 13._o have_v lay_v down_o these_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a in_o order_n to_o the_o settle_n and_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n particular_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n those_o reward_n which_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o those_o punishment_n he_o have_v appoint_v for_o its_o breach_n or_o transgression_n but_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o obligation_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n arise_v proper_o from_o the_o command_v of_o some_o rightful_a superior_a power_n that_o be_v such_o a_o one_o who_o have_v not_o only_o force_v sufficient_a to_o inflict_v what_o evil_n he_o please_v upon_o the_o disobedient_a but_o who_o have_v also_o give_v we_o just_a ground_n or_o reason_n wherefore_o he_o require_v we_o to_o determine_v the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o our_o will_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n both_o which_o whenever_o they_o meet_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n and_o that_o he_o have_v once_o signify_v his_o will_n to_o we_o aught_o to_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n not_o only_o fear_v to_o offend_v but_o also_o a_o love_n of_o and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n the_o former_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n the_o latter_a from_o their_o own_o intrinseck_n goodness_n as_o also_o from_o all_o those_o motive_n which_o ought_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o perform_v his_o will._n for_o as_o one_o who_o have_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o downright_a force_n why_o he_o will_v have_v i_o perform_v and_o submit_v to_o his_o command_n whether_o i_o will_v or_o no_o may_v indeed_o so_o far_o terrify_v i_o that_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n i_o may_v think_v it_o best_o to_o obey_v he_o yet_o that_o fear_v once_o remove_v there_o will_v then_o remain_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v i_o from_o act_v according_a to_o my_o own_o rather_o than_o his_o will_n or_o humour_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o who_o can_v give_v i_o never_o so_o good_a reason_n why_o i_o ought_v to_o obey_v he_o yet_o if_o destitute_a of_o power_n to_o inflict_v any_o punishment_n upon_o i_o for_o my_o disobedience_n such_o his_o command_n may_v without_o any_o outward_a inconvenience_n be_v neglect_v by_o
right_a understanding_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n nay_o christianity_n itself_o but_o for_o a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o preface_n i_o have_v also_o make_v some_o addition_n wherein_o i_o have_v show_v your_o principle_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v not_o a_o new_a invention_n but_o that_o which_o several_a great_a man_n have_v before_o deliver_v as_o the_o only_a firm_a rule_n by_o which_o to_o try_v not_o only_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n but_o all_o civil_a law_n whether_o they_o be_v right_a and_o just_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o not_o and_o i_o have_v also_o conclude_v it_o with_o a_o set_n of_o principle_n very_o necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o natural_a religion_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o the_o two_o last_o alone_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o your_o lordship_n book_n as_o well_o as_o of_o my_o abridgement_n of_o it_o but_o to_o speak_v more_o particular_o of_o the_o discourse_n 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of_o the_o heathen_a philosopher_n above_o all_o other_o knowledge_n whether_o natural_a or_o civil_a and_o that_o deserve_o as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o usefulness_n as_o certainty_n since_o it_o be_v to_o that_o alone_a as_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o natural_a faculty_n of_o mankind_n that_o man_n before_o they_o be_v assist_v by_o divine_a revelation_n owe_v the_o discovery_n of_o their_o natural_a duty_n to_o god_n themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o cicero_n have_v show_v we_o at_o large_a in_o those_o three_o excellent_a treatise_n de_fw-fr officiis_n de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la and_o though_o i_o grant_v we_o christian_n have_v now_o clear_a and_o high_a discovery_n of_o all_o moral_a duty_n by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n yet_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a religion_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n still_o of_o great_a use_n to_o we_o as_o well_o for_o the_o confirmation_n as_o illustration_n of_o all_o those_o duty_n 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or_o reason_v as_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v render_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n accuse_v or_o excuse_v each_o other_o and_o indeed_o the_o apostle_n suppose_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o rewarder_n of_o good_a work_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a as_o well_o as_o reveal_v religion_n and_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o save_a faith_n as_o appear_v in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n chap._n 11._o v._n 6._o but_o without_o faith_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o please_v he_o for_o he_o that_o come_v unto_o god_n must_v first_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o rewarder_n of_o all_o they_o that_o diligent_o seek_v he_o but_o i_o need_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o natural_a religion_n and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v to_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o reveal_v since_o the_o reverend_n and_o learned_a dr._n wilkins_n late_a bishop_n of_o chester_n have_v so_o well_o perform_v that_o noble_a undertake_n in_o that_o excellent_a 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well_o in_o their_o way_n so_o i_o think_v none_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n than_o that_o excellent_a work_n of_o grotius_n the_o elder_a which_o as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o its_o kind_n so_o it_o be_v worthy_a of_o endure_v as_o long_o as_o virtue_n and_o justice_n shall_v be_v in_o esteem_n among_o mankind_n and_o though_o the_o objection_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v bring_v against_o this_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o to_o render_v it_o altogether_o fallacious_a or_o useless_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v yet_o i_o free_o acknowledge_v they_o can_v chief_o serve_v to_o convince_v man_n of_o sincere_a and_o honest_a mind_n and_o who_o be_v natural_o dispose_v to_o virtue_n and_o right_a reason_n so_o that_o i_o conceive_v it_o be_v more_o useful_a as_o well_o as_o certain_a to_o seek_v for_o a_o firm_a and_o clear_a demonstration_n thereof_o from_o a_o strict_a search_n and_o inquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o self_n by_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o we_o may_v attain_v not_o only_o to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o also_o of_o that_o true_a principle_n on_o which_o they_o be_v found_v and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v all_o derive_v but_o it_o will_v not_o consist_v with_o the_o narrow_a bound_n of_o a_o preface_n to_o propose_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v against_o their_o method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n neither_o perhaps_o can_v it_o be_v do_v at_o all_o to_o the_o universal_a satisfaction_n even_o of_o indifferent_a person_n since_o it_o may_v be_v still_o urge_v by_o those_o that_o do_v not_o admit_v they_o that_o although_o some_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n may_v be_v indeed_o approve_v of_o by_o our_o understand_n and_o
case_n propose_v unless_o first_o all_o those_o effect_n which_o may_v proceed_v from_o it_o in_o all_o its_o various_a circumstance_n be_v due_o consider_v and_o compare_v together_o so_o that_o the_o contemplation_n both_o of_o the_o cause_n on_o which_o man_n safety_n and_o happiness_n depend_v as_o also_o of_o the_o effect_n which_o may_v be_v produce_v by_o their_o joint_n or_o concur_v force_n and_o endeavour_n must_v necessary_o lead_v our_o mind_n first_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o other_o man_n and_o next_o of_o ourselves_o as_o a_o very_a small_a part_n of_o mankind_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o proceed_v to_o contemplate_v this_o system_fw-la of_o thing_n call_v the_o visible_a world_n but_o more_o especial_o god_n as_o its_o creator_n and_o governor_n according_a to_o the_o method_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n the_o idea_n of_o which_o be_v due_o consider_v and_o digest_v in_o our_o mind_n we_o may_v draw_v from_o thence_o certain_a conclusion_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v or_o determine_v what_o humane_a thing_n and_o action_n be_v certain_o and_o necessary_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v felicity_n or_o wellbeing_a be_v contain_v as_o a_o part_n thereof_o and_o in_o which_o rational_a dictate_v or_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o consist_v §_o 5._o no_o body_n i_o suppose_v will_v think_v it_o necessary_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n that_o i_o shall_v here_o make_v physical_a disquisition_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o our_o sense_n that_o be_v the_o business_n of_o profess_a naturalist_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o we_o to_o show_v that_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o certain_a natural_a and_o easy_a observation_n gather_v from_o common_a experience_n or_o else_o into_o certain_a conclusion_n establish_v upon_o the_o know_a principle_n of_o mathematics_n and_o physics_n by_o which_o i_o do_v not_o only_o mean_v all_o those_o natural_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n in_o body_n but_o also_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o soul_n as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v or_o inquire_v into_o they_o from_o all_o which_o by_o the_o order_n of_o natural_a cause_n we_o may_v be_v lead_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n their_o creator_n and_o ordainer_n and_o so_o may_v acknowledge_v he_o as_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o all_o these_o excellent_a effect_n since_o this_o nature_n of_o thing_n do_v as_o well_o suggest_v to_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o creator_n as_o of_o the_o thing_n create_v and_o so_o supply_v we_o with_o sufficient_a matter_n from_o which_o we_o may_v deduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o so_o many_o true_a practical_a proposition_n though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n or_o creator_n that_o can_v stamp_v any_o authority_n or_o obligation_n upon_o they_o now_o although_o there_o may_v be_v many_o thing_n collect_v from_o our_o knowledge_n of_o several_a being_n in_o the_o world_n that_o may_v serve_v for_o our_o moral_a instruction_n and_o the_o cultivate_a of_o our_o manner_n yet_o i_o shall_v for_o brevity_n sake_n only_o select_v some_o of_o the_o most_o material_a of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o explain_v our_o short_a account_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o notwithstanding_o several_a author_n have_v so_o much_o enlarge_v upon_o it_o i_o think_v may_v very_o well_o be_v reduce_v to_o this_o single_a proposition_n viz._n the_o most_o universal_a love_n or_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o so_o that_o their_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a by_o this_o benevolence_n be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o which_o they_o be_v all_o contain_v note_v that_o by_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o a_o fruitless_a desire_n or_o wellwishing_a but_o a_o active_a affection_n exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o piety_n towards_o god_n duty_n towards_o parent_n kindness_n and_o gratitude_n towards_o our_o country_n friends_z and_o relation_n and_o of_o charity_n and_o humanity_n towards_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n as_o often_o as_o any_o opportunity_n offer_v itself_o §_o 6._o in_o the_o make_n out_o of_o which_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v here_o needless_a to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n since_o the_o former_a have_v be_v so_o learned_o perform_v by_o the_o reverend_n dr._n ward_n late_a bishop_n of_o salisbury_n and_o the_o latter_a so_o exact_o do_v already_o in_o english_a by_o the_o above_o mention_v author_n of_o the_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n i_o shall_v only_o brief_o suppose_v upon_o his_o principle_n that_o our_o soul_n do_v 1._o from_o the_o very_a birth_n by_o degree_n receive_v idea_n draw_v from_o outward_a object_n by_o our_o sense_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v their_o faculty_n from_o divers_a single_a notion_n or_o idea_n put_v together_o to_o come_v to_o make_v complex_fw-la one_o that_o be_v to_o make_v divers_a proposition_n or_o conclusion_n not_o only_o concern_v their_o own_o inward_a act_n but_o also_o about_o all_o those_o outward_a object_n with_o which_o they_o be_v daily_o conversant_a and_o which_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o find_v out_o the_o ready_a mean_n of_o attain_v to_o and_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n and_o condition_n they_o be_v able_a to_o acquire_v these_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o be_v needless_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o far_a description_n of_o this_o love_n or_o benevolence_n since_o every_o person_n can_v but_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o its_o nature_n degree_n and_o various_a operation_n that_o will_v but_o make_v any_o selfreflection_n upon_o his_o own_o inward_a affection_n §_o 7._o but_o as_o for_o the_o due_a connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n in_o which_o its_o truth_n do_v chief_o consist_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o plain_a enough_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o affirm_v that_o our_o endeavour_n of_o procure_v all_o the_o good_a thing_n in_o our_o power_n and_o which_o be_v most_o conduce_v to_o our_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n be_v the_o best_a or_o chief_a thing_n that_o all_o person_n can_v do_v to_o render_v both_o themselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o happy_a as_o their_o nature_n will_v permit_v or_o can_v require_v and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a or_o more_o powerful_a mean_n to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v obtain_v a_o full_a enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o good_a thing_n of_o this_o life_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o that_o to_o come_v than_o by_o endeavour_v our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o so_o that_o from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o advance_v the_o reader_n may_v collect_v these_o two_o proposition_n 1._o that_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o natural_a happiness_n consist_v in_o a_o habitual_a determination_n of_o the_o will_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o its_o ability_n and_o perfection_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v always_o ready_a and_o prepare_v to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n 2._o that_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o each_o individual_a person_n can_v be_v separate_v from_o that_o of_o other_o rational_n since_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o differ_v from_o all_o its_o part_n take_v together_o so_o that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v this_o general_a or_o diffusive_a benevolence_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n not_o to_o mean_v or_o only_o intend_v what_o any_o single_a or_o a_o few_o person_n may_v perform_v towards_o the_o procure_n of_o their_o own_o private_a happiness_n or_o that_o of_o their_o own_o party_n or_o faction_n distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n but_o what_o all_o particular_a person_n may_v joint_o contribute_v to_o render_v themselves_o and_o other_o happy_a that_o be_v what_o each_o of_o they_o may_v rational_o perform_v towards_o the_o obtain_n this_o common_a felicity_n for_o it_o ought_v first_o to_o be_v know_v in_o general_a what_o all_o man_n be_v able_a to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v towards_o any_o common_a end_n such_o as_o be_v the_o common_a happiness_n of_o rational_n and_o than_o what_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o any_o particular_a person_n in_o this_o or_o that_o case_n to_o perform_v for_o example_n towards_o his_o own_o private_a happiness_n as_o separate_v from_o
subject_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o first_o be_v freedom_n in_o action_n or_o the_o power_n of_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n which_o do_v not_o only_o consist_v in_o indifferent_a thing_n as_o when_o a_o man_n of_o two_o different_a object_n choose_v which_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o be_v also_o able_a to_o choose_v a_o great_a good_a before_o a_o less_o and_o do_v likewise_o often_o prefer_v though_o unjust_o a_o present_a less_o good_a grateful_a to_o his_o sense_n before_o a_o great_a good_n approve_v of_o by_o his_o reason_n yet_o however_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o man_n by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o reason_n be_v able_a to_o move_v and_o excite_v his_o passion_n of_o love_n and_o pity_n when_o he_o see_v object_n that_o require_v his_o help_n and_o assistance_n nay_o can_v also_o by_o deliberation_n command_n and_o over-rule_v those_o domineer_a passion_n of_o lust_n anger_n and_o revenge_n etc._n etc._n when_o they_o happen_v to_o prompt_v he_o to_o action_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o own_o true_a good_a and_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o man_n be_v capable_a to_o comprehend_v all_o particular_a good_n and_o to_o add_v they_o together_o into_o one_o sum_n viz._n the_o common_a and_o general_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o best_a and_o most_o noble_a end_n he_o can_v employ_v himself_o about_o be_v also_o able_a to_o divert_v his_o thought_n from_o his_o own_o private_a pleasure_n and_o profit_v alone_o and_o fix_v they_o upon_o the_o care_n of_o his_o relation_n and_o friend_n or_o the_o more_o public_a good_a of_o his_o country_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v difficult_a exact_o to_o explain_v after_o what_o manner_n we_o exert_v this_o faculty_n since_o the_o nature_n and_o act_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n be_v very_o abstruse_a yet_o i_o appeal_v to_o every_o man_n be_v own_o heart_n whether_o he_o do_v not_o find_v in_o himself_o not_o only_o a_o liberty_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v indifferent_a action_n such_o as_o go_v abroad_o or_o stay_v at_o home_n but_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v certain_o better_o by_o a_o rational_a estimate_n if_o he_o will_v but_o give_v himself_o time_n to_o consider_v and_o weigh_v the_o nature_n and_o consequence_n of_o they_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v he_o sorry_a or_o why_o do_v he_o repent_v the_o have_v do_v any_o foolish_a wicked_a or_o rash_a action_n since_o if_o all_o action_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a it_o be_v as_o idle_a and_o insignificant_a as_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v sorry_a that_o he_o be_v not_o make_v a_o prince_n rather_o than_o a_o private_a person_n or_o instead_o of_o a_o prince_n that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o angel_n so_o that_o certain_o god_n will_v not_o then_o have_v endue_v man_n with_o these_o two_o property_n peculiar_a to_o he_o viz._n that_o of_o conscience_n or_o a_o reflection_n upon_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a of_o his_o own_o action_n and_o that_o of_o repentance_n or_o sorrow_n for_o have_v do_v amiss_o altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o both_o be_v needless_a if_o all_o action_n be_v alike_o necessitate_v §_o 28._o but_o the_o last_o and_o high_a faculty_n and_o whereby_o man_n nature_n be_v chief_o distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o brute_n be_v when_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o reason_n act_v by_o the_o method_n and_o mean_n here_o describe_v he_o become_v sensible_a of_o the_o existence_n providence_n and_o other_o perfection_n of_o the_o deity_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a if_o not_o impossible_a that_o this_o most_o wise_a and_o powerful_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n shall_v have_v ordain_v any_o power_n or_o faculty_n in_o man_n soul_n to_o no_o purpose_n if_o therefore_o he_o have_v endue_v man_n alone_o of_o all_o his_o creature_n with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o own_o existence_n and_o attribute_n as_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o we_o finite_a creature_n to_o conceive_v of_o they_o since_o i_o grant_v we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v infinite_a perfection_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o god_n shall_v endue_v man_n alone_o with_o this_o so_o excellent_a a_o knowledge_n for_o so_o useless_a a_o end_n as_o bare_a speculation_n which_o alone_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n or_o benefit_n either_o to_o himself_o or_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n who_o good_a and_o happiness_n god_n chief_o intend_v in_o their_o creation_n so_o that_o indeed_o we_o can_v apprehend_v any_o end_n more_o worthy_a his_o divine_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n in_o create_v we_o capable_a of_o these_o idea_n than_o what_o be_v practical_a that_o be_v as_o it_o some_o way_n serve_v to_o direct_v our_o action_n as_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n towards_o the_o obtain_n our_o own_o good_a and_o happiness_n conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o other_o rational_a being_n nor_o can_v any_o action_n render_v we_o more_o happy_a than_o those_o that_o testify_v our_o high_a veneration_n of_o god_n infinite_a perfection_n and_o a_o deep_a sense_n of_o his_o goodness_n towards_o we_o and_o whereby_o we_o may_v be_v dispose_v to_o a_o entire_a obedience_n to_o his_o law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v whenever_o they_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o so_o that_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o these_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n derive_v their_o authority_n from_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n and_o be_v intend_v by_o he_o for_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o as_o rule_n whereby_o he_o will_v have_v we_o direct_v all_o our_o action_n to_o this_o great_a end_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o and_o to_o prove_v this_o will_v be_v the_o next_o and_o great_a part_n of_o our_o task_n §_o 29._o but_o before_o i_o undertake_v this_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o treat_v a_o little_a concern_v those_o attribute_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v have_v any_o idea_n of_o they_o since_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o humane_a nature_n we_o can_v but_o be_v carry_v on_o to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o god_n himself_o and_o if_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o universe_n we_o can_v but_o conceive_v he_o of_o infinite_a power_n so_o from_o his_o act_n and_o ordain_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a and_o worthy_a end_n we_o may_v likewise_o affirm_v he_o to_o be_v also_o infinite_o wise_a and_o good_a so_o that_o his_o infinite_a power_n always_o act_v for_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a end_n be_v still_o so_o limit_v by_o his_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n that_o it_o can_v act_n any_o thing_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n of_o which_o himself_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o our_o perpetual_a obligation_n to_o it_o for_o as_o i_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o god_n can_v not_o have_v make_v the_o world_n and_o the_o thing_n therein_o after_o another_o manner_n than_o he_o have_v do_v so_o since_o he_o have_v make_v it_o in_o the_o order_n we_o now_o find_v it_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v and_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v of_o the_o same_o duration_n with_o that_o of_o the_o universe_n itself_o and_o so_o consequent_o of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o himself_o and_o all_o those_o who_o he_o have_v ordain_v to_o be_v his_o subordinate_a mean_n or_o instrument_n to_o procure_v it_o especial_o as_o man_n who_o he_o have_v make_v conscious_a of_o our_o duty_n and_o able_a to_o cooperate_a with_o he_o for_o this_o great_a and_o excellent_a end_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v reducible_a to_o one_o single_a proposition_n which_o be_v true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o thing_n necessary_a thereunto_o §_o 1._o have_v already_o in_o the_o two_o former_a chapter_n from_o the_o great_a book_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v as_o well_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o as_o of_o ourselves_o in_o particular_a and_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n make_v several_a observation_n for_o the_o prove_v of_o this_o proposition_n that_o man_n be_v ordain_v by_o god_n for_o a_o sociable_a creature_n who_o be_v preservation_n and_o happiness_n be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o assistance_n and_o goodwill_n of_o god_n his_o creator_n as_o also_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v that_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o a_o return_n of_o the_o like_a benevolence_n to_o other_o for_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v better_o assure_v of_o
the_o like_a goodwill_n from_o they_o than_o by_o do_v they_o the_o same_o good_a office_n as_o often_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n which_o we_o desire_v they_o shall_v do_v for_o we_o and_o that_o this_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n man_n be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o life_n viz._n peace_n and_o concord_n not_o only_o among_o particular_a man_n but_o also_o between_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o nation_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n consist_v so_o that_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o true_a and_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n be_v that_o of_o peace_n love_n or_o mutual_a benevolence_n and_o which_o indeed_o will_v require_v no_o other_o reward_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o itself_o be_v man_n a_o creature_n always_o govern_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o his_o own_o true_a good_a reward_v and_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v for_o man_n as_o too_o often_o govern_v by_o their_o passion_n and_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o perfection_n of_o their_o rational_a nature_n yet_o since_o it_o please_v god_n to_o create_v man_n a_o mix_a creature_n consist_v of_o a_o body_n and_o a_o soul_n and_o be_v too_o often_o draw_v aside_o by_o passion_n not_o direct_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o punishment_n as_o well_o as_o reward_n to_o keep_v he_o to_o his_o duty_n thence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o his_o deal_n with_o man_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o give_v he_o certain_a natural_a law_n or_o rule_n whereby_o to_o govern_v his_o action_n with_o certain_a penalty_n and_o reward_n annex_v to_o they_o which_o law_n may_v be_v very_o well_o contract_v into_o one_o single_a proposition_n or_o practical_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o by_o the_o observation_n already_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o god_n will_n or_o command_n that_o all_o reasonable_a person_n shall_v endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o great_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v create_v and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o consist_v their_o own_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o in_o its_o neglect_n or_o violation_n their_o great_a misery_n §_o 2._o have_v give_v you_o this_o summary_n description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o come_v from_o its_o first_o cause_n god_n i_o shall_v now_o explain_v the_o term_n therein_o contain_v to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n and_o exception_n 1_o by_o will_n and_o command_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v any_o command_n by_o word_n that_o be_v the_o method_n of_o god_n reveal_v and_o not_o natural_a will_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v here_o only_o understand_v that_o will_n or_o command_n of_o god_n which_o be_v to_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o divine_a nature_n our_o own_o and_o that_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n consist_v not_o in_o word_n but_o in_o idea_n that_o be_v true_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o a_o law_n or_o that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o subject_n without_o some_o set_a form_n of_o speech_n may_v appear_v by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a who_o we_o often_o find_v to_o have_v notion_n of_o a_o god_n and_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o be_v not_o convey_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o word_n or_o write_v for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n may_v be_v discover_v by_o any_o other_o sit_v mean_n or_o sign_n especial_o when_o as_o in_o this_o law_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o there_o be_v such_o certain_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o their_o observation_n or_o transgression_n as_o may_v make_v it_o their_o interest_n rather_o to_o observe_v than_o transgress_v they_o which_o be_v not_o only_o visible_a in_o man_n but_o brute_n since_o we_o see_v that_o by_o certain_a sign_n imprint_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o fit_a reward_n and_o correction_n elephant_n horse_n dog_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v susceptible_a of_o humane_a command_n and_o as_o far_o as_o their_o nature_n permit_v be_v governable_a by_o law_n of_o our_o prescribe_v for_o we_o can_v show_v they_o by_o such_o sign_n what_o action_n be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v by_o they_o and_o certain_o god_n have_v not_o leave_v we_o less_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o his_o will_n in_o reference_n to_o our_o duty_n towards_o he_o from_o that_o knowledge_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o his_o existence_n as_o also_o of_o our_o own_o nature_n as_o i_o shall_v far_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n by_o rational_a person_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o though_o of_o never_o so_o mean_a a_o capacity_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v such_o easy_a and_o natural_a observation_n and_o conclusion_n as_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o child_n under_o the_o year_n of_o discretion_n idiot_n and_o mad-folk_n be_v still_o to_o be_v except_v from_o this_o law_n who_o not_o have_v the_o actual_a use_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v not_o able_a to_o draw_v those_o observation_n and_o consequence_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o be_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o right_a understanding_n thereof_o by_o endeavour_n i_o mean_v all_o such_o voluntary_a action_n which_o person_n of_o sound_a mind_n can_v know_o and_o deliberate_o perform_v towards_o the_o good_a of_o other_o without_o destroy_v or_o hurt_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n which_o endeavour_n though_o by_o many_o unforeseen_a accident_n in_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n they_o may_v be_v often_o frustrate_v and_o so_o fail_v of_o their_o intend_a design_n yet_o when_o we_o have_v do_v the_o utmost_a we_o be_v able_a we_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v our_o duty_n since_o no_o law_n require_v the_o performance_n of_o more_o than_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o perform_v by_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o understand_v the_o collective_a happiness_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o the_o head_n of_o they_o and_o that_o of_o all_o the_o individual_a person_n of_o mankind_n exist_v together_o with_o we_o as_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o each_o man_n be_v particular_a good_a and_o happiness_n be_v include_v since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o endeavour_v the_o happiness_n of_o other_o as_o voluntary_a agent_n unless_o each_o particular_a person_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v so_o to_o do_v have_v first_o a_o right_a to_o preserve_v and_o make_v himself_o happy_a joint_o with_o other_o in_o his_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n by_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o good_n whether_o of_o body_n or_o mind_n by_o which_o man_n may_v be_v render_v true_o happy_a and_o content_v in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v but_o in_o which_o whenever_o the_o former_a stand_n in_o competition_n with_o the_o latter_a the_o good_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o be_v the_o good_a of_o our_o better_a or_o eternal_a part_n before_o that_o of_o our_o body_n which_o be_v less_o valuable_a and_o temporal_a but_o i_o need_v add_v nothing_o here_o to_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n we_o may_v be_v say_v to_o procure_v or_o endeavour_v his_o good_a and_o happiness_n since_o i_o have_v speak_v so_o large_o of_o that_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o discourse_n and_o as_o for_o the_o difference_n between_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a i_o have_v say_v so_o much_o concern_v it_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o the_o confutation_n of_o mr._n h_n six_o principle_n that_o by_o nature_n nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a that_o it_o will_v be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v it_o here_o i_o shall_v now_o prove_v that_o this_o proposition_n contain_v this_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v true_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o we_o by_o what_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v of_o his_o divine_a nature_n or_o can_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o that_o all_o the_o moral_a duty_n we_o owe_v either_o to_o god_n ourselves_o or_o other_o be_v contain_v in_o or_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o proposition_n §_o 3._o 1._o that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o place_n will_n and_o intend_v his_o own_o glory_n and_o service_n and_o in_o the_o next_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a person_n
but_o will_v also_o with_o great_a ease_n and_o certainty_n have_v teach_v he_o his_o duty_n towards_o himself_o and_o other_o without_o put_v he_o to_o the_o trouble_n and_o pain_n of_o discover_v his_o existence_n and_o all_o those_o moral_a duty_n that_o depend_v upon_o it_o by_o so_o tedious_a a_o method_n as_o i_o have_v here_o propose_v which_o every_o man_n have_v not_o time_n to_o inquire_v into_o nor_o perhaps_o faculty_n strong_a enough_o to_o make_v such_o rational_a conclusion_n or_o deduction_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n and_o other_o thing_n for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o we_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o that_o god_n who_o do_v all_o thing_n by_o the_o best_a and_o easy_a mean_n have_v impress_v all_o the_o notion_n or_o idea_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a upon_o man_n soul_n §_o 2._o to_o which_o objection_n i_o need_v return_v no_o other_o answer_n than_o what_o be_v already_o make_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o essay_n concern_v human_a understanding_n so_o often_o cite_v by_o i_o i_o shall_v therefore_o give_v it_o to_o you_o in_o his_o own_o word_n book_n i._n chap._n 4._o §_o 12._o this_o argument_n if_o it_o be_v of_o any_o force_n will_v prove_v much_o more_o than_o those_o who_o use_v it_o in_o this_o case_n expect_v from_o it_o for_o if_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o god_n have_v do_v for_o man_n all_o that_o man_n shall_v judge_v be_v best_a for_o they_o because_o it_o be_v suitable_a for_o his_o goodness_n so_o to_o do_v it_o will_v prove_v not_o only_o that_o god_n have_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n a_o idea_n of_o himself_o but_o that_o he_o have_v plain_o stamp_v there_o in_o fair_a character_n all_o that_o man_n ought_v to_o know_v or_o believe_v of_o he_o and_o all_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v in_o obedience_n to_o his_o will_n and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v they_o a_o will_n and_o affection_n conformable_a to_o it_o this_o no_o doubt_n every_o one_o will_v think_v be_v better_a for_o man_n than_o that_o they_o shall_v in_o the_o dark_a grope_v after_o knowledge_n as_o st._n paul_n tell_v we_o all_o nation_n do_v after_o god_n act_n viii_o 27_o or_o than_o that_o their_o will_n shall_v clash_v with_o their_o understand_n and_o their_o appetite_n cross_v their_o duty_n the_o romanist_n say_v it_o be_v best_o for_o man_n and_o so_o suitable_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o infallible_a judge_n of_o controversy_n on_o earth_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v one_o and_o i_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n say_v it_o be_v better_a for_o man_n that_o every_o man_n himself_o shall_v be_v infallible_a i_o leave_v they_o to_o consider_v whether_o by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o argument_n they_o shall_v think_v that_o every_o man_n be_v so_o i_o think_v it_o a_o very_a good_a argument_n to_o say_v the_o infinite_o wise_a god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v best_o but_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o little_a too_o much_o confidence_n of_o our_o wisdom_n to_o say_v i_o think_v it_o best_o and_o therefore_o god_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o in_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o argue_v from_o such_o a_o topick_n that_o god_n have_v do_v so_o when_o certain_a experience_n show_v we_o that_o he_o have_v not_o but_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n have_v not_o be_v want_v to_o man_n without_o such_o original_a impression_n of_o knowledge_n or_o idea_n stamp_v on_o the_o mind_n since_o he_o have_v furnish_v man_n with_o those_o faculty_n which_o will_v serve_v for_o the_o sufficient_a discovery_n of_o all_o thing_n requisite_a to_o the_o end_n of_o such_o a_o be_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o show_v that_o a_o man_n by_o the_o right_a use_n of_o his_o natual_a ability_n may_v without_o any_o innate_a principle_n attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o concern_v he_o god_n have_v endue_v man_n with_o those_o faculty_n of_o knowledge_n which_o he_o have_v be_v no_o more_o oblige_v by_o his_o goodness_n to_o implant_v these_o innate_a notion_n in_o his_o mind_n than_o that_o have_v give_v he_o reason_n hand_n and_o material_n he_o shall_v also_o build_v he_o bridge_n or_o house_n which_o some_o people_n in_o the_o world_n however_o of_o good_a natural_a part_n do_v either_o total_o want_n or_o be_v but_o ill_o provide_v of_o as_o well_o as_o other_o be_v perhaps_o whole_o without_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o principle_n of_o morality_n or_o at_o least_o have_v but_o very_o ill_a one_o the_o reason_n in_o both_o case_n be_v this_o that_o they_o never_o employ_v their_o part_n faculty_n and_o power_n industrious_o that_o way_n but_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o opinion_n fashion_n and_o thing_n of_o their_o country_n as_o they_o find_v they_o without_o look_v any_o far_o so_o far_o this_o learned_a author_n §_o 3._o and_o as_o for_o what_o be_v far_o urge_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o come_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n by_o the_o method_n we_o propose_v if_o this_o be_v not_o plain_o to_o be_v read_v from_o the_o great_a book_n of_o the_o world_n st._n paul_n have_v in_o vain_a accuse_v the_o general_a corruption_n of_o the_o gentile_n and_o their_o loss_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a god_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o one_a of_o the_o roman_n v_o 19_o 20._o because_o that_o which_o may_v be_v know_v of_o god_n be_v manifest_a in_o they_o for_o god_n have_v show_v it_o unto_o they_o for_o the_o invisible_a thing_n of_o he_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v clear_o see_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v even_o his_o eternal_a power_n and_o godhead_n so_o that_o they_o be_v without_o exaus_fw-la where_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o apostle_n here_o appeal_v to_o the_o common_a reason_n of_o mankind_n guide_v by_o thing_n without_o we_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o delty_n that_o they_o may_v be_v leave_v without_o all_o excuse_n for_o this_o their_o wilful_a ignorance_n and_o neglect_n §_o 4._o and_o as_o for_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n concern_v the_o difficulty_n and_o laboriousness_n of_o the_o method_n we_o have_v here_o propose_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o weakness_n of_o man_n faculty_n for_o the_o make_v such_o rational_a conclusion_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o think_v that_o will_v signify_v much_o less_o than_o the_o former_a if_o those_o that_o make_v this_o objection_n will_v please_v to_o consider_v how_o obvious_a such_o conclusion_n be_v and_o how_o easy_o make_v out_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o this_o discourse_n where_o i_o particular_o treat_v of_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o man_n mind_n in_o make_v observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o reduce_v they_o into_o certain_a practical_a proposition_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o future_a happiness_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o so_o that_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o affirm_v that_o those_o who_o be_v not_o of_o natural_a part_n sufficient_a to_o discover_v the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o a_o providence_n as_o also_o to_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o depend_v upon_o that_o knowledge_n if_o they_o do_v but_o due_o apply_v their_o mind_n to_o think_v upon_o their_o own_o original_a and_o that_o of_o the_o world_n by_o true_a principle_n of_o reason_n must_v be_v either_o fool_n or_o madman_n and_o so_o not_o capable_a subject_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o not_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o rational_a creature_n or_o else_o which_o be_v worse_o be_v downright_a atheist_n who_o to_o indulge_v their_o own_o unreasonable_a lust_n and_o passion_n do_v absolute_o deny_v all_o those_o clear_a demonstration_n from_o natural_a thing_n which_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o proof_n of_o a_o deity_n and_o of_o their_o duty_n towards_o it_o §_o 5._o and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o all_o man_n do_v not_o ordinary_o reduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n into_o this_o one_o single_a proposition_n of_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o may_v not_o have_v a_o explicit_a notion_n of_o it_o yet_o this_o will_v not_o hinder_v but_o that_o they_o may_v for_o all_o that_o real_o pursue_v it_o though_o they_o may_v not_o have_v so_o large_a and_o perfect_a a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o duty_n as_o they_o will_v have_v if_o they_o be_v sensible_a of_o this_o idea_n for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v but_o thorough_o convince_v that_o he_o be_v not_o make_v for_o himself_o alone_o but_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o mind_v the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o other_o
to_o all_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o that_o they_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n can_v no_o more_o make_v they_o become_v so_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v judge_v that_o ratsbane_n be_v sugar-candy_n it_o will_v be_v thereby_o present_o turn_v into_o wholesome_a food_n so_o likewise_o those_o general_n and_o universal_a cause_n which_o procure_v the_o preservation_n or_o mischief_n of_o mankind_n do_v depend_v upon_o such_o fix_a principle_n in_o nature_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o judge_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o single_a man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n §_o 5._o but_o this_o error_n of_o mr._n h._n concern_v the_o force_n of_o his_o sentence_n which_o thus_o false_o pronounce_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n and_o thereby_o to_o confer_v a_o right_a thereunto_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o civil_a state_n the_o sentence_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n or_o judge_n have_v that_o force_n with_o the_o subject_n that_o whether_o his_o sentence_n be_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n or_o natural_a equity_n or_o not_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o to_o be_v obey_v and_o submit_v to_o whereas_o this_o submission_n proceed_v whole_o from_o their_o consent_n who_o institute_v the_o commonwealth_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a good_a and_o for_o the_o put_v some_o end_n to_o controversy_n since_o all_o the_o subject_n must_v submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n or_o magistrate_n whether_o it_o be_v right_a or_o wrong_n because_o they_o be_v all_o satisfy_v that_o it_o conduce_v more_o to_o their_o common_a quiet_a and_o safety_n that_o some_o few_o shall_v sometime_o suffer_v through_o a_o unjust_a judgement_n than_o that_o controversy_n shall_v be_v endless_a or_o at_o least_o not_o without_o civil_a war_n or_o disturbance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v only_o from_o a_o great_a care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a than_o of_o the_o life_n or_o estate_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n that_o lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o this_o prerogative_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v belong_v to_o all_o supreme_a power_n yet_o if_o this_o once_o come_v to_o be_v general_o and_o notorious_o abuse_v by_o constant_a course_n of_o wilful_a violence_n oppression_n and_o injustice_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n can_v long_o bear_v it_o they_o will_v quick_o make_v their_o appeal_n somewhere_o else_o unless_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o predominant_a power_n or_o force_v over_o they_o §_o 6._o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n can_v admit_v of_o any_o final_a judgement_n or_o determination_n of_o a_o doubt_n or_o difference_n beside_o a_o evidence_n either_o from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o from_o that_o trust_n or_o credit_n they_o place_n in_o some_o man_n either_o judgement_n or_o testimony_n whereby_o all_o manner_n of_o doubt_n or_o scruple_n be_v clear_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v and_o that_o it_o appear_v evident_a to_o they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o impose_v upon_o neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o end_n of_o debate_n among_o divers_a pretender_n unless_o one_o party_n be_v convince_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o other_o reason_n come_v over_o to_o his_o or_o their_o opinion_n or_o else_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o integrity_n of_o some_o three_o person_n as_o a_o arbitrator_n do_v willing_o submit_v to_o his_o sentence_n §_o 7._o for_o humane_a nature_n will_v ever_o acknowledge_v a_o difference_n between_o right_a reason_n and_o false_a and_o between_o a_o just_a and_o a_o unjust_a judgement_n and_o it_o be_v only_a truth_n and_o right_a reason_n that_o have_v this_o prerogative_n that_o they_o can_v confer_v a_o right_n on_o we_o of_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o prescribe_v for_o even_o mr._n h._n in_o his_o definition_n of_o right_n acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o liberty_n of_o use_v our_o faculty_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n whereas_o all_o error_n or_o false_a judgement_n whether_o it_o be_v concern_v necessary_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n or_o in_o any_o other_o practical_a matter_n can_v give_v no_o man_n a_o right_a of_o do_v that_o which_o he_o then_o false_o judge_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n and_o therefore_o mr._n h_n conclusion_n where_o he_o acknowledge_v at_o last_o that_o right_a reason_n be_v that_o which_o conclude_v from_o true_a principle_n and_o likewise_o that_o in_o the_o false_a reason_n and_o folly_n of_o man_n in_o not_o understand_v their_o duty_n towards_o other_o man_n consist_v all_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n grant_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v desire_v but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o that_o loose_a definition_n of_o reason_n where_o he_o suppose_v every_o man_n reason_n to_o be_v alike_o right_a i_o desire_v any_o of_o his_o disciple_n to_o show_v i_o therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v only_o allow_v that_o to_o be_v practical_a right_a reason_n which_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o undertake_v thing_n reasonable_a and_o possible_a and_o that_o forbid_v a_o man_n to_o arrogate_v to_o himself_o alone_o a_o dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v needless_a and_o impossible_a indeed_o whole_o pernicious_a to_o his_o preservation_n §_o 8._o but_o to_o avoid_v this_o difficulty_n mr._n h._n and_o his_o follower_n fly_v to_o the_o subterfuge_n of_o a_o natural_a necessity_n in_o man_n that_o so_o judge_v thus_o false_o and_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n and_o therefore_o in_o his_o preface_n to_o this_o treatise_n he_o suppose_v all_o man_n to_o be_v evil_a by_o nature_n and_o make_v they_o necessary_o determine_v by_o their_o appetite_n and_o passion_n before_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o reason_n and_o discipline_n to_o act_v mischievous_o and_o unreasonable_o and_o therefore_o tell_v we_o that_o child_n unless_o you_o give_v they_o every_o thing_n they_o desire_v cry_v and_o be_v angry_a and_o will_v strike_v their_o very_a father_n and_o mother_n and_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n they_o do_v so_o and_o yet_o be_v blameless_a as_o well_o because_o they_o can_v hurt_v as_o also_o that_o want_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n they_o be_v yet_o free_a from_o all_o its_o duty_n but_o the_o same_o person_n when_o grow_v up_o and_o have_v get_v strength_n enough_o to_o hurt_v if_o they_o hold_v on_o to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n they_o then_o begin_v both_o to_o be_v and_o to_o be_v call_v evil_a so_o that_o a_o wicked_a man_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o a_o overgrow_a child_n or_o a_o man_n of_o a_o childish_a disposition_n because_o there_o be_v the_o same_o defect_n of_o reason_n at_o that_o age_n in_o which_o by_o nature_n improve_v by_o discipline_n and_o experience_n of_o its_o inconvenience_n it_o common_o happen_v to_o be_v amend_v so_o likewise_o the_o author_n of_o tractatus_fw-la theologico_fw-la politicus_fw-la who_o more_o open_o than_o mr._n h._n but_o upon_o the_o same_o principle_n endeavour_v to_o destroy_v all_o religion_n both_o natural_a and_o reveal_v argue_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o 16_o chap._n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n first_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o understand_v nothing_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o individual_a according_a to_o which_o we_o conceive_v each_o of_o they_o natural_o determine_v to_o exist_v after_o a_o certain_a manner_n thus_o fish_n be_v ordain_v to_o swim_v and_o the_o great_a one_o to_o devour_v the_o less_o therefore_o fish_n live_v in_o the_o water_n and_o devour_v each_o other_o by_o the_o high_a right_n for_o nature_n consider_v simple_o have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n it_o can_v do_v or_o its_o right_n extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o its_o power_n since_o the_o power_n of_o nature_n be_v but_o the_o power_n of_o god_n who_o have_v the_o high_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n but_o because_o the_o power_n of_o universal_a nature_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o individual_a creature_n together_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o individual_a have_v the_o high_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n it_o can_v do_v that_o be_v it_o extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o its_o power_n and_o since_o it_o be_v the_o first_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o every_o thing_n shall_v endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v itself_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n and_o that_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o other_o creature_n but_o only_o of_o itself_o therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o individual_a have_v the_o high_a right_a to_o exist_v and_o operate_v as_o
the_o nature_n of_o this_o be_v before_o other_o which_o effect_n likewise_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o hide_a power_n and_o intrinsic_a nature_n of_o thing_n these_o strike_v upon_o our_o sense_n and_o beget_v a_o knowledge_n in_o we_o of_o those_o thing_n from_o whence_o they_o flow_v which_o good_n i_o grant_v may_v be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o divers_a nature_n of_o those_o being_n which_o they_o respect_v thus_o a_o suitable_a soil_n air_n and_o moisture_n be_v natural_o good_a for_o plant_n because_o they_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n and_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n growth_n and_o perfection_n so_o likewise_o convenient_a food_n health_n and_o liberty_n be_v natural_o good_a for_o a_o animal_n since_o they_o serve_v for_o their_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v to_o live_v so_o likewise_o that_o be_v also_o good_a for_o man_n which_o preserve_v and_o increase_v the_o power_n of_o his_o mind_n and_o body_n without_o do_v hurt_v to_o or_o prejudice_v any_o other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n nor_o do_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n make_v these_o rule_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o one_o or_o a_o few_o creature_n of_o a_o sort_n but_o be_v able_a from_o the_o knowledge_n it_o have_v of_o singular_n to_o make_v certain_a general_a proposition_n or_o conclusion_n concern_v what_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a for_o the_o whole_a species_n or_o kind_a who_o nature_n he_o have_v inquire_v into_o because_o since_o there_o be_v the_o same_o general_a nature_n in_o every_o one_o of_o the_o individual_n of_o this_o or_o that_o kind_a the_o true_a happiness_n of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o be_v once_o know_v it_o be_v easy_a likewise_o to_o know_v what_o share_n and_o kind_n of_o happiness_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v by_o all_o of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o understanding_n in_o knowledge_n and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o will_n by_o sedate_n and_o regular_a affection_n as_o also_o the_o health_n and_o vigour_n of_o the_o body_n in_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o particular_a man_n do_v chief_o consist_v do_v also_o comprehend_v if_o universal_o consider_v the_o common_a happiness_n of_o all_o man_n that_o ever_o have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v bear_v which_o also_o may_v be_v affirm_v concern_v the_o mean_n to_o these_o natural_a good_n and_o which_o be_v require_v as_o necessary_a to_o all_o mankind_n such_o as_o food_n exercise_n sleep_v and_o the_o like_a and_o this_o because_o of_o the_o identity_n between_o the_o part_n and_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v between_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o one_o or_o more_o man_n with_o that_o whole_a systeme_n of_o rational_a agent_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n and_o idea_n of_o mankind_n from_o whence_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o whatsoever_o do_v good_a to_o one_o member_n or_o part_n of_o this_o aggregate_v body_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v unhurt_a or_o unprejudiced_a thereby_o may_v be_v true_o say_v to_o do_v good_a to_o the_o whole_a aggregate_v body_n of_o mankind_n which_o consideration_n may_v excite_v we_o to_o a_o due_a care_n of_o ourselves_o provide_v it_o be_v not_o prejudicial_a to_o other_o from_o a_o consideration_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n analogical_o unto_o this_o we_o may_v also_o judge_v that_o to_o promote_v the_o efficacy_n of_o god_n natural_a right_n to_o rule_v ourselves_o and_o all_o other_o rational_a creature_n be_v to_o perform_v a_o thing_n good_a or_o grateful_a to_o god_n as_o supreme_a governor_n of_o the_o world_n and_o this_o we_o do_v by_o a_o due_a care_n to_o promote_v obedience_n to_o his_o own_o law_n either_o in_o ourselves_o or_o other_o and_o therefore_o though_o we_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o mr._n h._n that_o that_o may_v be_v call_v good_a which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o any_o other_o be_v and_o so_o must_v be_v mean_v relative_o yet_o do_v not_o this_o always_o refer_v to_o the_o appetite_n of_o he_o that_o desire_v it_o nor_o yet_o to_o the_o irrational_a opinion_n of_o any_o one_o or_o more_o man_n if_o they_o judge_v contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o principle_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n and_o therefore_o though_o a_o wench_n that_o have_v the_o green-sickness_n by_o reason_n of_o her_o deprave_a appetite_n may_v fancy_v tobacco-pipe_n or_o charcoal_n to_o have_v a_o excellent_a relish_n and_o so_o to_o be_v good_a for_o she_o yet_o will_v not_o her_o think_v so_o make_v they_o become_v a_o wholesome_a nourishment_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o any_o action_n or_o vice_n which_o a_o vicious_a or_o unreasonable_a man_n may_v take_v pleasure_n in_o such_o as_o drunkenness_n whoredom_n etc._n etc._n which_o howsoever_o they_o may_v please_v he_o at_o the_o present_a yet_o will_v certain_o in_o time_n destroy_v he_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o true_a which_o mr._n h._n here_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o good_a and_o evil_a be_v only_o to_o be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o he_o who_o at_o that_o time_n it_o please_v or_o displease_v whereas_o every_o rational_a man_n ought_v first_o right_o to_o judge_v what_o thing_n be_v good_a and_o then_o to_o desire_v they_o because_o they_o be_v real_o so_o that_o be_v because_o their_o natural_a power_n or_o effect_n be_v real_o helpful_a or_o agreeable_a to_o our_o nature_n and_o to_o consider_v a_o private_a good_a as_o that_o which_o profit_v one_o person_n and_o a_o common_a good_a as_o it_o profit_v many_o and_o that_o not_o because_o it_o be_v at_o that_o instant_n desire_v and_o approve_v of_o out_o of_o a_o deprave_a appetite_n or_o wanton_a humour_n it_o be_v only_o the_o part_n of_o brute_n madman_n and_o fool_n to_o measure_v the_o goodness_n of_o thing_n or_o action_n by_o their_o present_a lust_n without_o any_o government_n of_o reason_n or_o thought_n of_o the_o future_a §_o 6._o but_o mr._n h._n himself_o do_v sometime_o talk_v more_o sober_o and_o though_o he_o do_v here_o as_o also_o elsewhere_o inculcate_v that_o every_o thing_n be_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o person_n that_o so_o judge_v it_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n of_o the_o person_n that_o represent_v the_o commonwealth_n yet_o in_o his_o leviathan_n chap._n 30._o when_o he_o reckon_v up_o the_o office_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n he_o make_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a to_o be_v the_o make_n of_o good_a law_n now_o he_o there_o tell_v we_o a_o good_a law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v needful_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n and_o withal_o perspicuous_a and_o a_o little_a far_o he_o thus_o go_v on_o and_o therefore_o a_o law_n that_o be_v not_o needful_a have_v not_o the_o true_a end_n of_o a_o law_n be_v not_o good_a a_o law_n may_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v good_a when_o it_o be_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o sovereign_n though_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o people_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o where_o you_o see_v the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v certain_o that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o many_o be_v here_o acknowledge_v by_o he_o and_o propose_v as_o the_o main_a end_n of_o the_o legislator_n duty_n but_o this_o end_n be_v thus_o propose_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v know_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o law_n can_v prescribe_v what_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n for_o the_o people_n so_o likewise_o chap._n 14._o §_o 4._o of_o his_o de_n cive_z speaking_z concern_v the_o rule_n of_o right_a judgement_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o prescribe_v any_o universal_a rule_n whereby_o all_o controversy_n which_o will_v be_v infinite_a may_v be_v judge_v it_o be_v still_o understand_v in_o every_o case_n pretermit_v by_o the_o write_a law_n that_o the_o law_n of_o natural_a equity_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v where_o you_o see_v he_o grant_v that_o the_o law_n of_o natural_a equity_n may_v be_v know_v and_o follow_v and_o that_o divers_a more_o case_n may_v be_v determine_v from_o thence_o than_o can_v be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n themselves_o but_o we_o do_v only_o so_o far_o contend_v with_o he_o that_o some_o rule_n of_o equity_n may_v be_v so_o evident_o and_o natural_o know_v that_o all_o honest_a and_o sincere_a man_n can_v at_o all_o differ_v about_o they_o though_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o free_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v divers_a thing_n so_o indifferent_a that_o no_o human_a reason_n can_v universal_o determine_v that_o it_o be_v more_o necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a that_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v or_o a_o case_n judge_v this_o way_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o §_o 7._o have_v state_v what_o we_o
or_o felicity_n of_o the_o people_n and_o sure_o this_o can_v have_v no_o foundation_n but_o as_o the_o felicity_n of_o any_o particular_a people_n or_o nation_n be_v contain_v in_o general_a or_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o our_o faculty_n be_v not_o fit_v to_o pierce_v into_o the_o internal_a fabric_n and_o real_a essence_n of_o body_n as_o the_o abovementioned_a author_n of_o the_o essay_n of_o humane_a understanding_n have_v very_o well_o observe_v yet_o in_o the_o same_o place_n he_o also_o grant_v that_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o a_o divine_a providence_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o other_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a to_o lead_v we_o into_o a_o full_a and_o clear_a discovery_n of_o our_o duty_n towards_o he_o as_o be_v the_o great_a concernment_n of_o our_o life_n and_o that_o it_o become_v we_o as_o rational_a creature_n to_o employ_v our_o faculty_n about_o what_o they_o be_v most_o adapt_v to_o and_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o nature_n where_o it_o seem_v to_o point_v we_o out_o the_o way_n so_o that_o it_o be_v high_o reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o our_o proper_a employment_n lie_v in_o moral_a rather_o than_o natural_a truth_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o author_n have_v in_o his_o four_o book_n and_o three_o chapter_n pag._n 274._o this_o passage_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o supreme_a be_v infinite_a in_o power_n and_o wisdom_n who_o workmanship_n we_o be_v and_o on_o who_o we_o depend_v and_o the_o idea_n of_o ourselves_o as_o understanding_n rational_a creature_n be_v such_o as_o be_v clear_a to_o we_o these_o will_v i_o suppose_v if_o due_o consider_v and_o pursue_v afford_v such_o foundation_n of_o our_o duty_n and_o rule_n of_o action_n as_o may_v place_v morality_n among_o the_o science_n capable_a of_o demonstration_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o from_o principle_n as_o incontestable_a as_o those_o of_o the_o mathematics_n by_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o measure_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n may_v be_v make_v out_o to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v apply_v himself_o with_o the_o same_o indifferency_n and_o attention_n to_o the_o one_o as_o he_o do_v to_o the_o other_o of_o these_o science_n and_o in_o the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o book_n he_o say_v p._n 325._o this_o give_v i_o the_o confidence_n to_o advance_v that_o conjecture_n which_o i_o suggest_v chap._n 3._o viz._n that_o morality_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o mathematics_n for_o the_o idea_n that_o ethic_n be_v conversant_a about_o be_v all_o real_a essence_n and_o such_o as_o i_o imagine_v have_v a_o discoverable_a connexion_n and_o agreement_n one_o with_o another_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v their_o habitude_n and_o relation_n so_o far_o we_o shall_v be_v possess_v of_o certain_a real_a and_o general_a truth_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o a_o right_a method_n be_v take_v a_o great_a part_n of_o morality_n may_v be_v make_v out_o with_o that_o clearness_n that_o can_v leave_v to_o a_o consider_v man_n no_o more_o reason_n to_o doubt_v than_o he_o can_v have_v to_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n in_o mathematics_n which_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o he_o and_o i_o be_o confident_a our_o author_n have_v find_v out_o this_o only_a right_a method_n and_o make_v use_v of_o the_o fit_a demonstration_n for_o the_o proof_n of_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o natural_a law_n so_o that_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v have_v no_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o have_v as_o full_o demonstrate_v it_o to_o be_v so_o as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v we_o so_o many_o mathematical_a demonstration_n of_o it_o but_o since_o as_o in_o the_o mathematics_n there_o be_v require_v certain_a principle_n or_o postulatum_n which_o must_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v before_o its_o professor_n be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v any_o thing_n from_o they_o so_o we_o shall_v reduce_v all_o we_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a into_o six_o plain_a postulata_fw-la the_o three_o first_o of_o which_o have_v be_v already_o make_v out_o by_o other_o both_o in_o latin_a and_o english_a i_o shall_v wave_v the_o proof_n of_o they_o and_o shall_v confine_v myself_o whole_o to_o the_o three_o last_o the_o proposition_n be_v these_o 1._o that_o there_o be_v one_o infinite_a most_o powerful_a intelligent_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n who_o be_v the_o author_n and_o creator_n of_o the_o universe_n or_o world_n 2._o that_o god_n as_o he_o have_v create_v so_o he_o likewise_o govern_v and_o preserve_v this_o world_n consist_v of_o body_n and_o spirit_n by_o certain_a corporeal_a motion_n and_o dictate_v of_o reason_n by_o which_o spirit_n act_n as_o the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o his_o providence_n 3._o that_o god_n thereby_o maintain_v and_o preserve_v all_o his_o creature_n and_o far_a design_n the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v sensible_a as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v admit_v and_o that_o power_n which_o god_n have_v give_v to_o mankind_n over_o they_o 4._o that_o of_o all_o animate_v or_o sensible_a creature_n god_n have_v make_v man_n alone_o to_o be_v conscious_a of_o his_o own_o existence_n and_o also_o that_o it_o be_v more_o particular_o his_o duty_n to_o act_v as_o his_o subservient_fw-fr instrument_n not_o only_o for_o his_o own_o private_a good_a and_o happiness_n but_o also_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n 5._o that_o this_o knowledge_n of_o god_n will_n as_o our_o duty_n be_v plain_o discover_v to_o we_o from_o the_o be_v and_o nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o those_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o he_o have_v make_v necessary_a for_o our_o use_n and_o preservation_n 6._o that_o these_o dictate_v or_o conclusion_n of_o right_a reason_n all_o tend_v to_o one_o great_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n in_o which_o our_o own_o be_v contain_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n for_o the_o well_o govern_v or_o right_o order_v of_o our_o action_n to_o this_o end_n constitute_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v to_o the_o bookseller_n the_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o treatise_n send_v it_o to_o i_o then_o be_v in_o a_o private_a station_n above_o a_o year_n ago_o but_o then_o conceal_v his_o name_n from_o i_o either_o through_o his_o great_a modesty_n or_o because_o in_o his_o prudence_n he_o think_v that_o if_o i_o know_v he_o i_o may_v be_v bias_v in_o my_o judgement_n by_o the_o honour_n which_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o have_v to_o his_o family_n and_o especial_o to_o his_o grandfather_n by_o his_o mother_n side_n the_o most_o learned_a primate_n of_o ireland_n wherefore_o i_o read_v the_o book_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o unknown_a writer_n and_o consider_v only_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o performance_n thus_o i_o find_v that_o he_o have_v not_o only_o well_o translate_v and_o epitomise_v in_o some_o place_n what_o i_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a but_o have_v full_o digest_v the_o chief_a thing_n of_o my_o design_n in_o a_o well_o choose_a method_n of_o his_o own_o with_o great_a perspicuity_n and_o have_v add_v some_o illustration_n of_o his_o own_o or_o from_o other_o learned_a author_n with_o a_o philosophical_a liberty_n which_o i_o must_v needs_o allow_v for_o this_o reason_n i_o judge_v that_o the_o then_o unknown_a author_n have_v give_v too_o low_a a_o title_n to_o his_o book_n and_o that_o i_o be_v to_o esteem_v he_o a_o good_a hyperaspistes_n or_o able_a second_n in_o this_o combat_n for_o truth_n and_o justice_n rather_o than_o a_o translater_n or_o epitomiser_n of_o what_o i_o have_v write_v this_o oblige_a i_o to_o inquire_v diligent_o after_o the_o author_n name_n and_o quality_n and_o then_o i_o soon_o obtain_v the_o favour_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o more_o intimate_a conversation_n with_o he_o hereby_o i_o soon_o find_v that_o i_o may_v safe_o leave_v the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o good_a cause_n in_o which_o i_o be_v engage_v to_o his_o great_a ability_n and_o diligence_n and_o i_o hope_v that_o since_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n have_v conquer_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o search_n into_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o many_o of_o our_o young_a gentry_n will_v be_v encourage_v to_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o way_n which_o this_o his_o treatise_n make_v plain_a before_o they_o for_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v receive_v assistance_n not_o
that_o of_o all_o other_o though_o such_o case_n be_v indefinite_a can_v be_v certain_o or_o distinct_o know_v §_o 8._o but_o indeed_o the_o care_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n or_o a_o few_o man_n happiness_n be_v render_v useless_a for_o the_o present_a nor_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o the_o future_a if_o it_o be_v seek_v by_o oppose_v or_o postpone_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_n because_o the_o mind_n be_v thus_o affect_v a_o main_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o its_o own_o felicity_n must_v needs_o still_o be_v want_v viz._n that_o inward_a peace_n of_o conscience_n proceed_v from_o a_o solid_a reason_n and_o true_a prudence_n always_o constant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o itself_o for_o whilst_o such_o a_o person_n resolve_v to_o act_v by_o one_o rule_n towards_o himself_o and_o by_o another_o towards_o all_o other_o who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o therefore_o need_v and_o require_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o himself_o he_o must_v needs_o contradict_v his_o own_o reason_n and_o so_o want_v that_o true_a joy_n and_o satisfaction_n constant_o spring_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o a_o just_a benevolent_a and_o good-natured_a person_n from_o the_o sense_n of_o another_o good_a and_o happiness_n when_o promote_v or_o procure_v by_o himself_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v true_o happy_a who_o not_o only_o neglect_v the_o necessary_a cause_n thereof_o god_n and_o all_o other_o man_n on_o who_o help_n and_o assistance_n his_o true_a happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a whole_o depend_v but_o also_o provoke_v they_o to_o his_o certain_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a way_n which_o can_v bring_v any_o man_n to_o the_o attain_v his_o own_o particular_a happiness_n but_o that_o which_o lead_v he_o also_o to_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o §_o 9_o but_o i_o here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v universal_a benevolence_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n for_o the_o due_a order_v our_o action_n and_o correct_v our_o manner_n until_o we_o have_v first_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n viz._n our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o as_o our_o main_a end_n and_o that_o we_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o various_a act_n contain_v under_o this_o general_a love_n or_o benevolence_n be_v the_o only_a true_a mean_n to_o procure_v it_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o proposition_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v make_v manifest_a to_o we_o in_o the_o next_o all_o those_o other_o proposition_n that_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o thence_o such_o as_o be_v those_o less_o general_a one_o which_o determine_v concern_v the_o natural_a power_n of_o fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o filial_a affection_n as_o also_o of_o all_o other_o particular_a virtue_n necessary_a for_o the_o obtain_v any_o part_n of_o this_o humane_a felicity_n for_o as_o well_o the_o whole_a truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n as_o of_o all_o those_o which_o follow_v from_o thence_o depend_v upon_o the_o natural_a and_o necessary_a power_n of_o such_o action_n as_o real_a cause_n produce_v such_o effect_n §_o 10._o and_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o detract_v from_o their_o certainty_n that_o they_o depend_v upon_o such_o a_o uncertain_a cause_n as_o man_n will._n yet_o however_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o whenever_o such_o voluntary_a cause_n shall_v exert_v themselves_o such_o effect_n will_v certain_o be_v produce_v thus_o in_o arithmetic_n we_o free_o add_v and_o subtract_v that_o be_v we_o can_v choose_v whether_o we_o will_v perform_v those_o operation_n or_o not_o but_o if_o we_o reckon_v true_o we_o shall_v always_o find_v the_o total_a equal_a to_o all_o the_o particular_n either_o add_v or_o subtract_v and_o there_o be_v a_o like_a certain_a and_o true_a connexion_n between_o all_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n which_o can_v be_v know_v in_o any_o other_o science_n and_o this_o i_o have_v likewise_o imitate_v in_o this_o treatise_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n by_o reduce_v all_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v to_o this_o one_o head_n or_o sum_n viz._n love_n or_o benevolence_n which_o idea_n i_o shall_v improve_v by_o inquire_v into_o its_o several_a kind_n and_o show_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a action_n with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a end_n seek_v for_o by_o we_o §_o 11._o but_o since_o our_o voluntary_a action_n alone_o can_v be_v govern_v by_o reason_n and_o those_o only_o which_o concern_v intelligent_a agent_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o moral_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o from_o none_o of_o all_o these_o action_n we_o can_v frame_v a_o high_a or_o more_o comprehensive_a idea_n than_o this_o of_o universal_a benevolence_n which_o comprehend_v the_o willing_a and_o endeavour_v of_o all_o good_a thing_n and_o the_o removal_n or_o hinder_v of_o all_o evil_a one_o from_o those_o object_n about_o which_o it_o be_v conversant_a and_o this_o benevolence_n extend_v its_o self_n to_o all_o moral_a action_n as_o well_o those_o of_o consider_v and_o compare_v divers_a good_n with_o each_o other_o as_o of_o inquire_v into_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v produce_v nor_o be_v it_o more_o certain_o true_a that_o the_o addition_n of_o several_a number_n make_v a_o sum_n total_a than_o that_o this_o benevolence_n produce_v a_o general_a good_a effect_n to_o all_o those_o towards_o who_o we_o exert_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o piety_n fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o conjugal_a affection_n together_o with_o filial_a duty_n make_v up_o the_o chief_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o benevolence_n as_o that_o addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n be_v several_a part_n of_o arithmetic_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o material_a objection_n that_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n may_v be_v prejudice_v or_o lessen_v by_o the_o wickedness_n or_o ill-nature_n of_o men._n so_o that_o the_o great_a end_n or_o sum_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v thereby_o general_o obtain_v as_o it_o ought_v any_o more_o than_o it_o be_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o certainty_n or_o usefulness_n of_o arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n that_o some_o man_n shall_v through_o lazyness_n and_o inadvertency_n altogether_o neglect_v their_o rule_n or_o make_v false_a conclusion_n from_o those_o science_n or_o shall_v through_o ignorance_n or_o prejudice_n deny_v their_o certainty_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v in_o the_o science_n of_o morality_n as_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v chief_o employ_v in_o weigh_v and_o take_v a_o true_a account_n of_o those_o humane_a power_n that_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o since_o they_o may_v vary_v somewhat_o in_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o possible_a case_n he_o may_v be_v say_v and_o that_o deserve_o to_o have_v well_o perform_v this_o task_n who_o first_o affirm_v in_o general_n that_o all_o those_o power_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o most_o general_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n though_o he_o may_v be_v able_a afterward_o more_o particular_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o just_a division_n of_o thing_n fidelity_n gratitude_n and_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o it_o and_o also_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o become_v useful_a to_o this_o end_n by_o which_o mean_v religion_n and_o humane_a society_n with_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v render_v man_n life_n happy_a and_o safe_a will_v be_v certain_o improve_v and_o advance_v and_o herein_o consist_v the_o solution_n of_o that_o most_o useful_a problem_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n procure_v by_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n which_o moral_a philosophy_n teach_v we_o to_o search_v after_o nor_o be_v the_o truth_n or_o authority_n of_o such_o precept_n at_o all_o prejudice_v or_o diminish_v though_o very_o many_o person_n will_v not_o obey_v they_o or_o will_v set_v themselves_o to_o oppose_v they_o since_o this_o only_a can_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o that_o they_o will_v thereby_o lose_v their_o own_o happiness_n and_o perhaps_o may_v draw_v other_o by_o their_o false_a reason_n into_o the_o same_o misery_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o that_o man_n will_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o act_n that_o constitute_v this_o benevolence_n if_o they_o be_v but_o once_o convince_v that_o so_o great_a and_o noble_a a_o end_n as_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o their_o own_o happiness_n be_v likewise_o contain_v will_v be_v certain_o procure_v thereby_o and_o can_v be_v have_v by_o any_o other_o or_o contrary_a mean_n
glad_a if_o any_o of_o mr._n h_n disciple_n can_v show_v we_o any_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o that_o opinion_n §_o 17._o so_o that_o these_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v now_o lay_v down_o concern_v the_o natural_a mean_n of_o man_n happiness_n do_v appear_v so_o evident_a from_o our_o common_a reason_n and_o daily_a experience_n that_o they_o be_v of_o like_a certainty_n with_o the_o principle_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n in_o all_o who_o operation_n there_o be_v still_o suppose_v certain_a act_n depend_v upon_o our_o free_a humane_a faculty_n and_o yet_o neither_o of_o these_o science_n be_v render_v the_o more_o uncertain_a from_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n whether_o they_o will_v draw_v line_n or_o cast_v up_o sum_n or_o not_o since_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o there_o be_v a_o inseparable_a connexion_n between_o such_o act_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o exert_v and_o all_o the_o effect_n seek_v for_o to_o the_o find_n of_o which_o both_o the_o pleasure_n annex_v to_o their_o contemplation_n and_o the_o various_a use_n of_o humane_a life_n do_v at_o once_o invite_v we_o and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n the_o truth_n of_o all_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v found_v in_o the_o immutable_a coherence_n between_o the_o high_a felicity_n which_o humane_a power_n can_v attain_v to_o with_o those_o act_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n that_o be_v of_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o man_n and_o which_o exert_v itself_o in_o all_o the_o particular_a moral_a virtue_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n these_o two_o thing_n be_v still_o suppose_v that_o man_n desire_v and_o seek_v the_o high_a felicity_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o exercise_v this_o benevolence_n not_o only_o towards_o themselves_o but_o god_n and_o man_n as_o partaker_n with_o they_o of_o the_o same_o rational_a or_o intelligent_a nature_n this_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v to_o prevent_v all_o those_o cavil_n which_o mr._n h_n disciple_n be_v use_v to_o make_v against_o morality_n from_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o wi_n §_o 18._o but_o before_o i_o proceed_v far_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o remember_v what_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n that_o this_o truth_n concern_v the_o efficacy_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n as_o also_o all_o other_o proposition_n alike_o evident_a and_o contain_v under_o it_o do_v all_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o ordainer_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o of_o our_o humane_a understanding_n and_o of_o all_o truth_n therein_o contain_v and_o since_o these_o rule_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n tend_v to_o the_o procure_a god_n end_n and_o design_n viz._n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o also_o that_o it_o have_v please_v he_o to_o annex_v certain_a natural_a reward_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o punishment_n to_o their_o transgression_n so_o that_o they_o thereby_o become_v apt_a and_o sufficient_a for_o the_o due_a order_n of_o our_o thought_n and_o govern_v our_o action_n towards_o god_n ourselves_o and_o all_o other_o as_o i_o shall_v far_o make_v out_o in_o this_o discourse_n i_o see_v nothing_o want_v to_o give_v it_o the_o essence_n and_o vigour_n of_o a_o law_n and_o i_o shall_v far_o show_v before_o i_o have_v do_v that_o under_o this_o general_a rule_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o universal_a benevolence_n be_v contain_v piety_n towards_o god_n and_o the_o high_a goodwill_n or_o charity_n towards_o man_n and_o be_v the_o sum_n both_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n of_o moses_n and_o of_o the_o gospel_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ._n §_o 19_o these_o thing_n be_v thus_o propose_v in_o general_a i_o come_v now_o more_o particular_o to_o show_v that_o a_o due_a observation_n and_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a thing_n without_o we_o will_v true_o and_o clear_o teach_v we_o what_o operation_n or_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o and_o also_o show_v we_o how_o necessary_o and_o unalterable_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v produce_v for_o natural_a knowledge_n search_v into_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o generation_n and_o corruption_n which_o daily_o happen_v to_o all_o natural_a body_n and_o especial_o to_o man_n and_o so_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o necessary_a coherence_n of_o these_o effect_n with_o their_o cause_n and_o therefore_o those_o cause_n that_o help_v to_o generate_v or_o preserve_v man_n and_o that_o make_v they_o live_v happy_o in_o this_o life_n be_v natural_a good_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o misery_n and_o dissolution_n be_v natural_a evil_n and_o it_o then_o as_o plain_o follow_v that_o by_o this_o knowledge_n we_o can_v as_o certain_o demonstrate_v and_o foretell_v what_o thing_n be_v natural_o good_a or_o evil_a for_o all_o mankind_n as_o for_o any_o single_a person_n §_o 20._o therefore_o we_o may_v true_o conclude_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o these_o effect_n which_o either_o nature_n or_o humane_a industry_n can_v produce_v for_o man_n food_n clothe_v habitation_n and_o medicine_n be_v part_n of_o this_o natural_a knowledge_n to_o which_o we_o may_v also_o add_v the_o understanding_n of_o all_o other_o humane_a operation_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n proceed_v from_o thence_o for_o the_o use_v of_o humane_a life_n for_o although_o the_o voluntary_a action_n of_o man_n as_o they_o exert_v themselves_o towards_o thing_n without_o they_o do_v not_o work_v exact_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o mere_a mechanic_n motion_n viz._n from_o the_o pulsion_n or_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n but_o either_o from_o their_o reason_n or_o will_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o outward_a motion_n we_o exert_v receive_v their_o measure_n and_o force_n from_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o humane_a body_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o other_o and_o so_o must_v perform_v their_o natural_a function_n as_o they_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o necessary_a law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o natural_a motion_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o voluntary_a action_n whenever_o they_o be_v thus_o exert_v be_v regulate_v by_o the_o same_o natural_a law_n and_o it_o be_v common_o know_v how_o much_o man_n industry_n by_o the_o various_a motion_n of_o their_o body_n which_o a_o philosopher_n can_v easy_o resolve_v into_o mechanic_n one_o do_v contribute_v to_o their_o own_o and_o other_o man_n preservation_n by_o provide_v and_o administer_a victual_n clothes_n physic_n house_n etc._n etc._n in_o perform_v which_o effect_n man_n strength_n and_o skill_n in_o husbandry_n building_n navigation_n and_o other_o manual_a trade_n be_v chief_o employ_v nor_o be_v the_o liberal_a art_n absolute_o free_a from_o these_o law_n of_o motion_n since_o by_o the_o help_n of_o certain_a sensible_a sign_n and_o articulate_v note_n or_o mark_n as_o word_n letter_n or_o cipher_n the_o mind_n of_o man_n come_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o knowledge_n and_o direct_v in_o most_o of_o their_o civil_a and_o moral_a duty_n i_o have_v only_o think_v fit_a to_o hint_n thus_o much_o concern_v humane_a action_n consider_v as_o mere_a natural_a thing_n exist_v without_o we_o but_o i_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o of_o they_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n §_o 21._o hence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o all_o these_o natural_a thing_n and_o the_o mutual_a help_n by_o which_o they_o be_v procure_v may_v be_v certain_o know_v and_o foresee_v by_o we_o to_o be_v natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o those_o contrary_a cause_n or_o motion_n by_o which_o man_n body_n be_v weaken_v or_o destroy_v by_o lessen_v or_o take_v away_o the_o necessary_n and_o convenience_n of_o life_n such_o as_o food_n raiment_n liberty_n quiet_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o those_o action_n by_o which_o virtue_n and_o knowledge_n may_v be_v root_v out_o of_o man_n mind_n and_o error_n and_o unbridled_a passion_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n introduce_v into_o their_o room_n be_v necessary_o and_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n evil._n therefore_o when_o we_o determine_v of_o natural_a good_n or_o evil_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v the_o preservation_n of_o a_o few_o particular_a person_n since_o the_o punishment_n nay_o death_n of_o these_o may_v often_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a
beside_o himself_o and_o that_o he_o do_v true_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n towards_o himself_o by_o a_o temperate_a and_o a_o rational_a life_n as_o also_o towards_o his_o neighbour_n by_o observe_v that_o great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o he_o will_v be_v do_v by_o in_o all_o case_n towards_o other_o i_o say_v such_o a_o man_n though_o never_o so_o simple_a and_o ignorant_a in_o other_o thing_n do_v real_o contribute_v his_o share_n of_o endeavour_n towards_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a and_o though_o he_o may_v not_o distinct_o know_v all_o the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o his_o own_o action_n yet_o if_o he_o thus_o lead_v his_o life_n and_o observe_v all_o these_o rule_n tend_v to_o this_o end_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o will_v meet_v with_o all_o those_o reward_n intend_v by_o god_n for_o virtuous_a action_n provide_v he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o or_o at_o least_o wilful_o refuse_v the_o more_o perfect_a law_n of_o the_o gospel_n deliver_v by_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n when_o due_o propose_v to_o he_o thus_o a_o country_n carpenter_n may_v deserve_v sufficient_a wage_n and_o commendation_n if_o he_o can_v build_v a_o house_n and_o honest_o perform_v his_o work_n according_a to_o those_o few_o practical_a rule_n he_o have_v learn_v though_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v all_o the_o principle_n of_o geometry_n or_o architecture_n according_a to_o which_o all_o that_o he_o have_v wrought_v may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o he_o if_o he_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o understand_v they_o §_o 6._o there_o be_v another_o objection_n which_o this_o sort_n of_o man_n may_v make_v against_o our_o method_n of_o find_v out_o and_o demonstrate_v this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n in_o that_o i_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o himself_o alone_o whereby_o it_o may_v seem_v as_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n be_v to_o be_v postpone_v and_o make_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n to_o satisfy_v which_o scruple_n i_o do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n affirm_v that_o we_o do_v not_o intend_v any_o such_o thing_n since_o we_o have_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o establish_v the_o quite_o contrary_a doctrine_n for_o i_o assert_v that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o right_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o his_o own_o life_n or_o be_v but_o in_o order_n and_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o service_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o more_o distinct_o declare_v how_o these_o though_o some_o may_v think_v they_o contrary_a to_o each_o other_o do_v very_o well_o consist_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o our_o natural_a obligation_n to_o this_o law_n be_v not_o discover_v by_o we_o in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o method_n as_o it_o be_v constitute_v by_o god_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n for_o our_o weak_a finite_a understanding_n when_o act_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o divine_a revelation_n do_v slow_o enough_o at_o first_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o individual_a or_o single_a thing_n and_o thence_o take_v rise_v from_o such_o common_a effect_n as_o be_v most_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n proceed_v to_o their_o more_o obstruse_a cause_n until_o at_o length_n discover_v one_o infinite_a be_v call_v god_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o from_o thence_o collect_v not_o only_o what_o be_v his_o nature_n but_o also_o what_o be_v his_o will_n whereby_o we_o do_v not_o only_o find_v that_o he_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a be_v but_o that_o as_o such_o he_o will_v and_o procure_v the_o good_a and_o preservation_n not_o of_o some_o few_o singular_n alone_o but_o of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v have_v we_o man_n cooperate_v as_o subordinate_a though_o free_a agent_n to_o this_o end_n as_o the_o great_a and_o worthy_a we_o can_v undertake_v which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o last_o thing_n we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o yet_o be_v that_o which_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o intend_v by_o god_n as_o the_o principal_a object_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a this_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o thing_n thus_o learn_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n be_v intend_v by_o god_n only_o to_o serve_v as_o step_n to_o raise_v we_o to_o that_o large_a knowledge_n and_o noble_a desire_n of_o pursue_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a duty_n and_o that_o our_o will_n and_o affection_n towards_o this_o end_n be_v not_o to_o be_v regulate_v or_o direct_v in_o the_o same_o order_n by_o which_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v discover_v i._n e._n with_o a_o respect_n to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o from_o a_o true_a judgement_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o that_o natural_a good_a and_o perfection_n therein_o contain_v so_o that_o though_o we_o be_v at_o first_o indeed_o excite_v to_o the_o procure_v our_o own_o happiness_n as_o the_o prime_n and_o most_o natural_a motive_n of_o all_o our_o action_n yet_o we_o come_v at_o last_o upon_o better_a consideration_n to_o discover_v that_o this_o happiness_n of_o we_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o conservation_n of_o any_o of_o our_o particular_a member_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o health_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n §_o 7._o and_o this_o proposition_n that_o every_o single_a man_n good_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o common-good_a prove_v indeed_o that_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o general_a law_n be_v by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n to_o every_o single_a man_n but_o that_o every_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o myself_o or_o any_o one_o man_n alone_o but_o extend_v alike_o to_o each_o other_o man_n or_o all_o man_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o word_n every_o man_n collective_o take_v amount_v to_o all_o man_n as_o every_o part_n collective_o take_v signify_v the_o whole_a and_o though_o the_o main_a end_n intend_v by_o god_n the_o legislator_n from_o such_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v obedience_n to_o his_o law_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n as_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v indeed_o of_o much_o great_a value_n to_o he_o than_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o one_o single_a person_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o detract_v from_o the_o perfection_n or_o sincerity_n of_o this_o obedience_n if_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o man_n be_v own_o particular_a happiness_n or_o misery_n he_o thereby_o come_v to_o consider_v and_o understand_v that_o god_n have_v command_v he_o to_o pursue_v a_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n than_o that_o alone_o yet_o to_o which_o his_o own_o happiness_n or_o misery_n be_v inseparable_o connect_v §_o 8._o i_o come_v in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o these_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o man_n of_o quite_o contrary_a principle_n and_o who_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o propose_v this_o common_a good_a as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n their_o first_o objection_n may_v be_v this_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n infinite_a goodness_n and_o power_n and_o wisdom_n in_o the_o government_n of_o mankind_n if_o he_o do_v real_o intend_v its_o good_a and_o happiness_n as_o we_o here_o suppose_v to_o permit_v so_o great_a a_o design_n to_o be_v so_o often_o disturb_v if_o not_o quite_o frustrate_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o various_a passion_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n of_o so_o many_o violent_a wicked_a and_o unjust_a man_n which_o if_o mankind_n be_v well_o consider_v do_v make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o aggregate_v body_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n i_o may_v tell_v those_o that_o make_v it_o that_o the_o true_a original_n of_o that_o deprave_a state_n of_o mankind_n and_o from_o which_o all_o that_o disorder_n which_o we_o now_o find_v in_o humane_a nature_n be_v derive_v be_v the_o fall_n of_o adam_n the_o first_o father_n of_o mankind_n who_o thereby_o convey_v a_o weakness_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o prevail_a power_n which_o we_o feel_v in_o our_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n to_o all_o his_o posterity_n whereby_o man_n be_v become_v very_o prone_a to_o evil_a and_o too_o apt_a to_o transgress_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o this_o because_o the_o
to_o reckon_v beyond_o their_o ten_o finger_n now_o set_v aside_o innate_a idea_n and_o consent_v of_o nation_n as_o proof_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n what_o other_o mean_n do_v there_o remain_v but_o the_o uncertain_a tradition_n of_o a_o god_n and_o these_o moral_a law_n from_o their_o parent_n or_o ancestor_n or_o else_o to_o discover_v they_o by_o reason_n and_o take_v observation_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o method_n here_o lay_v down_o the_o former_a of_o these_o if_o they_o have_v ever_o any_o such_o thing_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v now_o quite_o lose_v so_o that_o no_o footstep_n of_o it_o now_o remain_v among_o they_o and_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a these_o ignorant_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n be_v whole_o take_v up_o through_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n either_o in_o procure_v for_o themselves_o the_o common_a necessary_n for_o life_n or_o else_o in_o brutish_a and_o sensual_a lust_n and_o pleasure_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o give_v themselves_o no_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o think_v of_o these_o thing_n nor_o yet_o employ_v their_o thought_n in_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o be_v or_o for_o what_o end_n they_o come_v into_o the_o world_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o little_a sensible_a of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o what_o worship_n or_o duty_n he_o require_v of_o they_o nor_o can_v i_o give_v a_o better_a account_n of_o this_o ignorance_n than_o what_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o author_n last_o mention_v who_o thus_o conclude_v his_o paragraph_n against_o the_o necessity_n of_o innate_a principle_n already_o cite_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o chapter_n have_v you_o or_o i_o be_v bear_v say_v he_o at_o the_o bay_n of_o soldania_n possible_o our_o thought_n and_o notion_n have_v not_o exceed_v these_o brutish_a one_o of_o the_o hoteutot_n that_o inhabit_v there_o and_o have_v the_o virginian_a king_n apochancana_n be_v educate_v in_o england_n he_o have_v perhaps_o be_v as_o know_v a_o divine_a and_o as_o good_a a_o mathematician_n as_o any_o in_o it_o the_o difference_n between_o he_o and_o a_o more_o improve_v englishman_n lie_v bare_o in_o this_o that_o the_o exercise_n of_o his_o faculty_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o way_n modes_n and_o notion_n of_o his_o own_o country_n and_o be_v never_o direct_v to_o any_o other_o or_o far_a inquiry_n and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o any_o idea_n of_o a_o god_n as_o we_o have_v it_o be_v only_o because_o he_o pursue_v not_o those_o thought_n that_o will_v certain_o have_v lead_v he_o to_o it_o §_o 12._o which_o account_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a alone_o to_o take_v off_o this_o difficulty_n yet_o i_o shall_v far_o add_v that_o although_o it_o be_v true_a the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v by_o natural_a reason_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v exert_v and_o make_v use_v of_o according_a to_o a_o right_a method_n and_o be_v like_o the_o talon_n in_o the_o gospel_n either_o to_o be_v infinite_o increase_v or_o else_o may_v be_v bury_v without_o ever_o be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o it_o ought_v so_o that_o man_n not_o make_v use_n of_o their_o reason_n and_o those_o faculty_n which_o god_n have_v give_v they_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n against_o god_n be_v not_o have_v give_v man_n sufficient_a mean_n and_o faculty_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n than_o if_o a_o man_n who_o by_o perpetual_a sit_v still_o shall_v have_v lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o leg_n have_v reason_n to_o find_v fault_n with_o god_n for_o not_o give_v he_o sufficient_a mean_n of_o go_v and_o help_v himself_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v leave_v in_o most_o man_n power_n whether_o they_o will_v by_o a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o reason_n raise_v themselves_o to_o the_o high_a perfection_n and_o happiness_n that_o they_o human_a nature_n be_v capable_a of_o or_o else_o by_o employ_v their_o mind_n about_o mere_a sensual_a object_n and_o carnal_a enjoyment_n debase_v themselves_o into_o the_o state_n of_o brute_n for_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reason_v about_o common_a and_o outward_a thing_n that_o constitute_v the_o only_a difference_n between_o we_o and_o they_o since_o they_o reason_v right_a about_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o object_n of_o their_o sense_n but_o that_o it_o rather_o consist_v in_o the_o more_o excellent_a faculty_n of_o frame_v universal_a idea_n and_o by_o a_o due_a enquiry_n into_o the_o cause_n and_o nature_n of_o thing_n of_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o of_o his_o will_n either_o natural_o declare_v according_a to_o the_o method_n here_o lay_v down_o or_o else_o supernatural_o reveal_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o indeed_o i_o think_v a_o dog_n or_o a_o horse_n to_o be_v a_o much_o better_a creature_n than_o a_o man_n who_o have_v never_o have_v or_o else_o have_v total_o extinguish_v the_o belief_n of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n towards_o he_o for_o the_o one_o life_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o those_o faculty_n god_n have_v give_v it_o but_o a_o man_n who_o want_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o of_o his_o duty_n towards_o he_o by_o neglect_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n and_o by_o give_v himself_o whole_o up_o to_o the_o government_n of_o his_o passion_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n debase_v his_o nature_n and_o so_o become_v by_o his_o own_o fault_n like_o a_o brute_n §_o 13._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o and_o which_o may_v be_v also_o make_v by_o mr._n hobs_n disciple_n be_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n or_o term_n of_o art_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n to_o support_v it_o of_o which_o opinion_n mr._n hobbs_n seem_v to_o be_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o leviath_n book_n i._n chap._n 4._o that_o of_o name_n some_o be_v proper_a and_o singular_a to_o over_o only_a thing_n as_o peter_n john_n this_o man_n this_o tree_n and_o some_o be_v common_a to_o many_o thing_n as_o man_n horse_n tree_n every_o of_o which_o though_o but_o one_o name_n be_v nevertheless_o the_o name_n of_o divers_a particular_a thing_n in_o respect_n of_o all_o which_o together_o it_o be_v call_v a_o universal_a there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n universal_a but_o name_n for_o the_o thing_n name_v be_v every_o one_o of_o they_o individual_a and_o singular_a so_o that_o on_o these_o principle_n we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o common_a good_a out_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n where_o it_o arise_v mere_o from_o compact_n every_o man_n be_v natural_o determine_v to_o seek_v his_o own_o particular_a preservation_n and_o satisfaction_n without_o the_o least_o consideration_n of_o any_o thing_n else_o §_o 14._o in_o answer_n to_o which_o objection_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o if_o in_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o explication_n of_o it_o we_o have_v any_o where_o suppose_v that_o in_o this_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a a_o man_n either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o neglect_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o true_a happiness_n there_o may_v have_v be_v some_o reason_n for_o this_o objection_n but_o since_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o true_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o every_o particular_a person_n be_v include_v in_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n and_o depend_v inseparable_o upon_o it_o though_o i_o grant_v every_o man_n be_v own_o happiness_n and_o misery_n be_v a_o main_a motive_n of_o his_o act_n to_o this_o end_n and_o also_o consist_v in_o a_o right_a endeavour_n of_o it_o which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o this_o part_n of_o the_o objection_n fall_v of_o itself_o unless_o they_o will_v affirm_v that_o a_o man_n self-preservation_n and_o happiness_n only_o consist_v in_o the_o present_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o own_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n let_v what_o will_v be_v the_o consequence_n which_o how_o false_a and_o unreasonable_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v any_o rational_a man_n may_v judge_v two_o we_o have_v also_o sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o there_o be_v a_o unalterable_a common_a good_a and_o evil_a establish_v by_o god_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n or_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a man_n but_o for_o all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o world_n conceive_v under_o the_o collective_a idea_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o out_o of_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonwealth_n since_o by_o compare_v our_o own_o particular_a nature_n
abovecited_a he_o there_o in_o the_o first_o place_n suppose_v that_o man_n be_v not_o a_o sociable_a creature_n because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o in_o nature_n but_o only_o by_o accident_n for_o if_o man_n love_v man_n natural_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n give_v why_o every_o one_o shall_v not_o love_v every_o one_o alike_o as_o be_v alike_o man_n or_o why_o he_o shall_v rather_o frequent_v those_o in_o who_o society_n honour_n and_o profit_n be_v confer_v rather_o on_o himself_o than_o other_o therefore_o we_o do_v not_o by_o nature_n seek_v companion_n but_o to_o be_v either_o honour_a or_o profit_v by_o they_o these_o in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o those_o in_o the_o second_o and_o this_o he_o think_v he_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v by_o show_v we_o for_o what_o end_n man_n herd_n together_o and_o what_o they_o do_v when_o they_o be_v meet_v for_o if_o they_o come_v together_o for_o commerce-sake_n every_o one_o mind_n not_o his_o companion_n be_v but_o his_o own_o interest_n if_o for_o public_a affair_n there_o arise_v a_o certain_a court-friendship_n have_v more_o of_o mutual_a fear_n than_o love_n from_o whence_o often_o faction_n but_o never_o goodwill_n be_v produce_v if_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o mirth_n and_o pleasure_n every_o one_o be_v wont_a to_o please_v himself_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o raise_v laughter_n from_o whence_o he_o may_v as_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v ridiculous_a by_o the_o comparison_n of_o another_o weakness_n or_o infirmity_n become_v more_o acceptable_a to_o himself_o and_o he_o there_o proceed_v to_o show_v from_o several_a observation_n he_o have_v make_v in_o the_o company_n he_o have_v keep_v that_o all_o man_n that_o converse_v together_o either_o for_o the_o sake_n or_o the_o instruction_n of_o other_o do_v only_o seek_v company_n for_o their_o own_o profit_n or_o glory_n and_o not_o the_o good_a of_o other_o that_o be_v for_o the_o love_n of_o himself_o not_o of_o his_o companion_n and_o therefore_o since_o man_n can_v never_o seek_v civil_a society_n only_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o glory_n and_o although_o the_o profit_n and_o convenience_n of_o life_n may_v be_v increase_v by_o man_n mutual_a assistance_n yet_o since_o that_o may_v be_v much_o better_o procure_v by_o a_o dominion_n over_o other_o than_o by_o their_o society_n no_o body_n can_v doubt_v but_o that_o man_n be_v more_o vehement_o carry_v by_o their_o nature_n when_o fear_n be_v remove_v to_o dominion_n than_o society_n therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v lay_v down_o for_o a_o principle_n that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o great_a and_o last_a society_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o mutual_a benevolence_n of_o man_n but_o their_o mutual_a fear_n and_o by_o fear_n as_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o annotation_n to_o this_o paragraph_n he_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o to_o be_v frighten_v but_o under_o that_o word_n fear_v he_o comprehend_v any_o prospect_n of_o a_o future_a evil_n as_o to_o distrust_v suspect_v beware_v and_o to_o provide_v that_o they_o may_v not_o fear_v to_o be_v also_o the_o part_n of_o those_o who_o be_v afraid_a §_o 2._o have_v give_v you_o the_o author_n sense_n and_o in_o great_a part_n his_o own_o word_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o make_v some_o observation_n upon_o they_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n must_v observe_v that_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o his_o argument_n consist_v in_o the_o ill_a or_o false_a use_n of_o these_o word_n unapt_a for_o society_n for_o if_o he_o only_o understand_v by_o they_o that_o man_n be_v bear_v actual_o unapt_a for_o civil_a society_n because_o they_o be_v infant_n or_o else_o unexperienced_a of_o the_o evil_n proceed_v from_o the_o want_v thereof_o this_o be_v indeed_o a_o great_a discovery_n and_o worthy_a a_o philosopher_n that_o child_n or_o people_n without_o experience_n be_v not_o able_a to_o understand_v the_o meaning_n or_o force_n of_o compact_n or_o be_v unable_a immediate_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o civil_a state_n nor_o be_v his_o reason_n any_o better_a that_o though_o infant_n and_o person_n of_o full_a age_n though_o unexperienced_a partake_v of_o human_a nature_n yet_o be_v thus_o unapt_a for_o society_n man_n be_v not_o make_v fit_a for_o it_o by_o nature_n but_o discipline_n §_o 3._o from_o whence_o i_o observe_v that_o he_o only_o take_v the_o measure_n of_o humane_a nature_n from_o those_o passion_n which_o precede_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n experience_n and_o discipline_n and_o as_o they_o first_o and_o chief_o show_v themselves_o in_o child_n and_o fool_n or_o person_n unexperienced_a whereas_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o best_a philosopher_n we_o suppose_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o man_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v take_v from_o his_o utmost_a perfection_n viz._n his_o reason_n or_o the_o power_n of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n by_o which_o alone_a he_o be_v distinguish_v from_o brute_n and_o so_o the_o will_n may_v incline_v we_o to_o those_o thing_n which_o reason_n shall_v judge_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a for_o our_o nature_n and_o therefore_o mr._n h._n do_v very_o absurd_o to_o oppose_v experience_n and_o discipline_n to_o nature_n since_o whatever_o man_n learn_v by_o either_o of_o these_o they_o must_v still_o attain_v to_o it_o by_o the_o force_n of_o their_o rational_a nature_n and_o those_o faculty_n of_o reason_n and_o speech_n which_o brute_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o and_o therefore_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o creature_n be_v best_a judge_v of_o from_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n it_o attain_v to_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o plant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o its_o first_o appearance_n or_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o peep_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o its_o utmost_a state_n of_o perfection_n when_o it_o come_v to_o bear_v flower_n seed_n or_o fruit._n and_o even_o that_o experience_n to_o which_o mr._n h._n attribute_n all_o our_o reason_n he_o himself_o grant_v to_o be_v a_o natural_a and_o not_o acquire_v power_n see_v his_o leviathan_n chap._n 8._o where_o treat_v of_o intellectual_a virtue_n he_o have_v these_o word_n the_o intellectual_a virtue_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n natural_a and_o acquire_v by_o natural_a i_o mean_v not_o that_o which_o a_o man_n have_v from_o his_o birth_n for_o that_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o sense_n wherein_o man_n differ_v so_o little_a from_o one_o another_o and_o from_o brute_n beast_n as_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o virtue_n but_o i_o mean_v that_o wit_n which_o be_v get_v by_o use_n only_o and_o experience_n without_o method_n culture_n or_o instruction_n §_o 4._o to_o conclude_v this_o head_n i_o desire_v those_o gentleman_n of_o his_o opinion_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o all_o philosopher_n and_o writer_n of_o politic_n as_o well_o as_o mr._n h._n be_v not_o ignorant_a how_o unfit_a infant_n and_o grow_v person_n without_o experience_n or_o labour_v under_o any_o unruly_a passion_n be_v to_o enter_v into_o league_n or_o compact_n or_o to_o perform_v any_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n but_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o they_o suppose_v man_n to_o be_v bear_v for_o those_o end_n which_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o rational_a nature_n he_o may_v at_o last_o attain_v to_o unless_o something_o preternatural_a such_o as_o be_v those_o disorderly_a passion_n or_o disease_n of_o the_o mind_n intervene_v and_o juvenal_n say_v be_v as_o old_a as_o true_a non_fw-la aliud_fw-la natura_fw-la aliud_fw-la sapientia_fw-la dictat_fw-la and_o sure_o it_o be_v a_o childish_a inference_n and_o favour_n more_o of_o sophistry_n than_o true_a philosophy_n to_o say_v man_n be_v bear_v infant_n and_o therefore_o unapt_a for_o civil_a society_n since_o any_o country_n fellow_n can_v have_v teach_v he_o better_o who_o think_v his_o son_n bear_v apt_a to_o be_v a_o ploughman_n or_o a_o grazier_n though_o he_o know_v he_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v the_o plough_n until_o he_o be_v twelve_o or_o thirteen_o year_n of_o age_n nor_o yet_o to_o understand_v graze_v until_o he_o be_v able_a to_o ride_v and_o go_v to_o market_n §_o 5._o but_o let_v we_o now_o more_o particular_o examine_v the_o reason_n this_o author_n there_o give_v we_o why_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n natural_o unapt_a for_o society_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v only_o by_o accident_n because_o if_o one_o man_n love_v another_o natural_o as_o man_n there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o every_o man_n shall_v not_o love_v every_o man_n alike_o or_o wherefore_o he_o shall_v rather_o frequent_v those_o in_o who_o company_n he_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o get_v honour_n and_o profit_n therefore_o we_o do_v not_o natural_o seek_v companion_n i._n e._n for_o their_o own_o sake_n but_o either_o to_o gain_v honour_n or_o prosit_fw-la by_o they_o these_o in_o the_o first_o place_n
instead_o of_o subject_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o lawful_a right_n of_o prince_n be_v sometime_o violate_v by_o the_o unbridled_a lust_n of_o some_o evil_a man_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o this_o knowledge_n of_o the_o difference_n between_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v by_o right_a and_o those_o which_o be_v do_v by_o wrong_n do_v render_v they_o more_o apt_a to_o do_v injury_n to_o other_o but_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o man_n be_v then_o most_o troublesome_a when_o he_o be_v at_o ease_n but_o sure_a it_o be_v not_o without_o injustice_n that_o he_o impute_v the_o fault_n of_o some_o man_n to_o all_o mankind_n and_o that_o without_o any_o proof_n unless_o perhaps_o find_v such_o passion_n in_o himself_o he_o thence_o conclude_v that_o they_o must_v likewise_o be_v natural_a to_o all_o other_o according_a to_o the_o method_n he_o make_v use_v of_o in_o his_o introduction_n to_o this_o book_n which_o i_o have_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o when_o he_o bid_v we_o examine_v this_o similitude_n of_o passion_n and_o so_o whether_o they_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o his_o own_o thought_n but_o i_o must_v free_o confess_v they_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o i_o let_v i_o be_v but_o happy_a and_o want_v nothing_o and_o though_o other_o may_v be_v rich_a or_o happy_a i_o shall_v not_o envy_v they_o nor_o be_o i_o at_o all_o the_o worse_o for_o it_o but_o indeed_o mr._n h._n do_v very_o preposterous_o to_o allege_v this_o fault_n of_o man_n love_n to_o show_v their_o wisdom_n and_o control_v the_o action_n of_o they_o that_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n against_o all_o mankind_n whilst_o he_o yet_o suppose_v man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n which_o sure_o according_a to_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n precede_v all_o civil_a government_n but_o we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o mr._n h_n last_o reason_n and_o let_v we_o see_v if_o he_o can_v thereby_o prove_v any_o better_a that_o mankind_n be_v less_o prone_a to_o peace_n than_o brute_n creature_n §_o 15._o last_o the_o agreement_n of_o these_o creature_n be_v natural_a that_o of_o man_n be_v by_o covenant_n only_o which_o be_v artificial_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o there_o be_v somewhat_o else_o require_v beside_o covenant_n to_o make_v their_o agreement_n constant_a and_o last_a which_o be_v a_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n and_o to_o direct_v their_o action_n to_o the_o common_a benefit_n to_o which_o i_o reply_v that_o the_o true_a natural_a cause_n intrinsical_a to_o man_n as_o they_o be_v animal_n and_o which_o can_v bring_v they_o to_o consent_v to_o the_o exercise_n of_o peace_n and_o mutual_a benevolence_n among_o themselves_o be_v alike_o with_o those_o that_o be_v find_v in_o other_o animal_n even_o the_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a suppose_v lion_n or_o bear_n if_o you_o will_v as_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n nor_o can_v mr._n h._n show_v any_o thing_n which_o be_v want_v to_o man_n but_o yet_o be_v find_v in_o brute_n as_o a_o cause_n of_o their_o peaceable_a agreement_n for_o that_o which_o he_o urge_v that_o the_o agreement_n of_o these_o creature_n be_v natural_a that_o of_o man_n be_v by_o covenant_n only_o and_o therefore_o artificial_a may_v perhaps_o impose_v upon_o the_o vulgar_a but_o may_v easy_o be_v confute_v by_o any_o one_o that_o will_v but_o consider_v to_o the_o next_o consequence_n for_o those_o very_a compact_n or_o covenant_n he_o mention_n be_v make_v by_o the_o power_n as_o well_o of_o man_n rational_a as_o animal_n nature_n and_o certain_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o covenant_n make_v among_o man_n and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n yet_o the_o common_a nature_n of_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n will_v have_v have_v as_o much_o force_n with_o they_o as_o with_o other_o creature_n that_o they_o shall_v agree_v to_o maintain_v a_o mutual_a benevolence_n as_o well_o as_o brute_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n without_o destroy_v each_o other_o who_o agreement_n be_v by_o he_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v natural_a what_o then_o hinder_v but_o after_o there_o be_v beside_o add_v to_o mankind_n reason_n and_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n but_o that_o the_o same_o natural_a agreement_n may_v still_o remain_v reason_n sure_a do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o natural_a endeavour_n and_o propension_n to_o concord_n in_o man_n more_o than_o other_o animal_n neither_o be_v this_o agreement_n less_o natural_a or_o constant_a because_o it_o be_v express_v by_o word_n as_o our_o appetite_n and_o take_v in_o of_o food_n do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v natural_a action_n in_o we_o although_o we_o may_v express_v this_o appetite_n by_o word_n or_o sign_n and_o may_v also_o appoint_v the_o time_n place_n and_o what_o sort_n of_o meat_n we_o will_v eat_v and_o mr._n h._n himself_o as_o well_o as_o other_o do_v sometime_o acknowledge_v reason_n to_o be_v a_o natural_a faculty_n as_o he_o do_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z in_o the_o place_n already_o quote_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o this_o strict_a society_n or_o agreement_n which_o reason_n dictate_v shall_v be_v establish_v by_o compact_n whole_o proceed_v from_o the_o rational_a nature_n of_o mankind_n but_o it_o will_v far_o appear_v that_o this_o agreement_n proceed_v from_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n be_v therefore_o more_o fit_o call_v natural_a if_o we_o consider_v our_o practical_a reason_n to_o be_v altogether_o determine_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o best_a end_n we_o can_v foresee_v or_o propose_v and_o the_o best_a mean_n we_o can_v use_v thereunto_o and_o far_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o can_v be_v effect_v by_o the_o utmost_a endeavour_n of_o our_o reason_n than_o that_o those_o propension_n to_o concord_n with_o other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n which_o be_v so_o natural_a to_o all_o animal_n shall_v be_v direct_v to_o their_o fit_a object_n viz._n all_o other_o rational_a creature_n and_o that_o all_o our_o particular_a action_n shall_v be_v thence_o exert_v according_a to_o their_o due_a place_n time_n and_o other_o circumstance_n so_o that_o the_o very_a take_n in_o of_o meat_n and_o drink_v be_v most_o natural_a and_o proceed_v from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o a_o animal_n yet_o this_o in_o all_o particular_a case_n be_v best_a govern_v and_o direct_v by_o a_o man_n reason_n take_v care_n of_o his_o own_o health_n without_o any_o irregularity_n in_o his_o diet_n whilst_o those_o precept_n of_o thus_o regulate_v his_o diet_n who_o force_n and_o certainty_n he_o observe_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o his_o own_o particular_a constitution_n may_v very_o well_o deserve_v in_o some_o case_n the_o name_n of_o a_o art_n therefore_o mr._n h._n have_v do_v very_o ill_o in_o make_v that_o agreement_n among_o man_n which_o be_v express_v by_o compact_n to_o be_v so_o artificial_a as_o it_o must_v be_v quite_o oppose_v to_o what_o be_v natural_a i_o shall_v not_o indeed_o deny_v those_o word_n by_o which_o compact_n be_v express_v to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o arbitrary_a agreement_n of_o man_n yet_o that_o consent_n of_o their_o mind_n concern_v the_o mutual_a office_n of_o benevolence_n of_o which_o word_n be_v only_o the_o sign_n be_v altogether_o natural_a for_o in_o that_o consent_n of_o mind_n concern_v the_o mutual_a commutation_n of_o duty_n consist_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o compact_n as_o all_o its_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o thence_o but_o the_o knowledge_n and_o will_n of_o constitute_v some_o sign_n either_o by_o word_n or_o action_n whereby_o this_o sort_n of_o consent_n may_v be_v declare_v be_v so_o natural_a and_o easy_a to_o man_n without_o any_o teach_v that_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a as_o i_o have_v give_v some_o instance_n in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n in_o short_a this_o consent_n express_v by_o compact_n concern_v these_o most_o general_a act_n of_o benevolence_n which_o may_v be_v consider_v in_o any_o disquition_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v either_o not_o to_o be_v call_v artificial_a or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o term_v that_o term_n be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o it_o agree_v with_o all_o man_n natural_a consent_n and_o not_o as_o it_o may_v be_v oppose_v to_o they_o that_o so_o it_o may_v become_v thereby_o less_o firm_a and_o durable_a as_o mr._n h._n suppose_v it_o for_o the_o signification_n of_o a_o natural_a consent_n constitute_v by_o word_n though_o with_o some_o kind_n of_o art_n do_v not_o at_o all_o diminish_v its_o firmness_n or_o duration_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o do_v sufficient_o appear_v that_o mr._n h._n be_v very_o much_o mistake_v when_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o agreement_n of_o brute_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v more_o constant_a and_o natural_a than_o that_o among_o man_n