obligation_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v most_o conducible_a to_o these_o common_a end_n to_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v yet_o in_o the_o particular_n our_o act_n bonafide_fw-la make_v we_o free_a or_o three_o because_o though_o absolute_a obligationslye_n upon_o the_o obliged_a yet_o they_o relate_v to_o duty_n performable_a to_o god_n whereof_o he_o have_v give_v no_o power_n nor_o command_v to_o man_n that_o there_o be_v some_o such_o obligation_n that_o god_n have_v authorize_v or_o command_v man_n to_o vindicate_v for_o he_o and_o not_o all_o such_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o his_o own_o judicial_a law_n in_o which_o many_o such_o be_v express_v and_o many_o other_o omit_v though_o these_o obligation_n be_v to_o duty_n relate_v to_o man_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o correspondent_a right_n or_o power_n of_o compulsion_n in_o man_n and_o so_o the_o creditor_n be_v god_n and_o man_n be_v the_o three_o party_n to_o who_o behoove_v the_o obligation_n be_v impose_v but_o who_o have_v neither_o power_n of_o exaction_n for_o himself_o nor_o of_o vindication_n for_o god_n such_o be_v the_o obligation_n of_o beneficence_n general_o and_o particular_o of_o charity_n to_o the_o poor_a assistance_n to_o these_o in_o hazard_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o oppress_a for_o natural_a reason_n will_v teach_v we_o that_o though_o these_o do_v natural_o oblige_v we_o yet_o they_o in_o who_o favour_n they_o be_v can_v compel_v we_o for_o example_n we_o be_v bind_v be_v give_v alm_n to_o the_o poor_a yet_o none_o will_v affirm_v that_o the_o poor_a can_v extort_v it_o or_o take_v it_o by_o force_n it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o any_o nation_n by_o their_o consociation_n together_o there_o be_v in_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o association_n a_o duty_n of_o assistance_n for_o the_o common_a interest_n into_o which_o they_o be_v associate_v but_o that_o be_v not_o a_o natural_a but_o a_o voluntary_a obligation_n flow_v from_o their_o voluntar_n association_n or_o union_n likewise_o all_o the_o people_n be_v bind_v to_o concur_v and_o assist_v legal_a execution_n and_o in_o some_o place_n to_o contribute_v by_o such_o a_o proportion_n to_o the_o poor_a but_o these_o be_v only_o positive_a law_n have_v the_o force_n and_o nature_n of_o contract_n legal_a compulsion_n be_v also_o lay_v aside_o in_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n and_o in_o some_o thing_n of_o great_a importance_n wherein_o a_o way_n of_o procedor_fw-la be_v prescribe_v and_o as_o a_o penalty_n of_o none-observance_n of_o that_o order_n legal_a remedy_n be_v deny_v when_o do_v any_o other_o way_n as_o naked_a paction_n among_o the_o roman_n be_v ineffectual_a because_o they_o do_v not_o interpose_v stipulation_n and_o with_o we_o agreement_n require_v write_v be_v ineffectual_a and_o may_v be_v resile_v from_o unless_o write_v be_v interpose_v and_o in_o most_o matter_n of_o importance_n obligation_n with_o we_o be_v ineffectual_a unless_o prove_v by_o oath_n of_o party_n or_o write_v civil_a obligation_n be_v these_o which_o have_v a_o civil_a effect_n and_o execution_n though_o perhaps_o they_o be_v not_o natural_o obliege_v as_o with_o we_o a_o obligation_n in_o write_n do_v civil_o oblige_v and_o have_v execution_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o creditor_n heir_n or_o assignay_n though_o the_o debt_n be_v pay_v to_o the_o cedent_fw-la or_o defunct_a because_o the_o debtor_n have_v not_o be_v so_o cautious_a to_o keep_v a_o discharge_n in_o write_n but_o most_o part_n of_o obligation_n be_v both_o natural_a and_o civil_a there_o be_v many_o such_o particular_a obligation_n which_o will_v occur_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n 7._o there_o be_v a_o three_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n in_o principal_a and_o accessary_a such_o be_v the_o cautionary_a obligation_n of_o surety_n and_o pledge_n which_o be_v accessary_a to_o all_o other_o obligation_n 8._o the_o four_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n be_v in_o these_o which_o be_v pure_a conditional_a and_o to_o a_o day_n conditional_a obligation_n be_v such_o as_o do_v depend_v upon_o a_o condition_n and_o so_o be_v but_o obligation_n in_o hope_n till_o the_o condition_n be_v existent_a but_o obligation_n to_o a_o day_n be_v such_o as_o be_v present_o bind_v but_o the_o effect_n or_o execution_n thereof_o be_v suspend_v to_o a_o day_n betwixt_o which_o there_o be_v this_o main_a difference_n that_o in_o conditional_a obligation_n the_o condition_n must_v necessary_o be_v uncertain_a either_o as_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o man_n will_n or_o a_o accidential_a event_n for_o if_o the_o condition_n be_v a_o thing_n certain_o to_o come_v though_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v under_o the_o term_n of_o a_o conditional_a obligation_n yet_o it_o be_v indeed_o a_o obligation_n to_o a_o day_n as_o if_o titius_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v maevius_n ten_o crown_n if_o a_o eclipse_n shall_v be_v such_o a_o day_n upon_o which_o day_n by_o the_o certain_a rule_n of_o astronomy_n it_o be_v know_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v uncertain_a to_o both_o or_o either_o party_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o conditional_a obligation_n but_o the_o time_n of_o the_o eclipse_n be_v the_o term_n thereof_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o condition_n be_v impossible_a de_fw-fr facto_fw-la or_o impossible_a de_fw-fr jure_fw-la that_o be_v unlawful_a nam_fw-la id_fw-la possumus_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la possumus_fw-la then_o though_o the_o obligation_n be_v conceive_v in_o term_n conditional_a yet_o because_o the_o condition_n be_v not_o depend_v and_o in_o itself_o uncertain_a the_o obligation_n be_v not_o true_o conditional_a but_o be_v void_a and_o elusory_a in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o legal_a impossibility_n of_o the_o condition_n and_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o creditor_n or_o any_o three_o party_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o occasion_n to_o move_v they_o to_o do_v wrong_n the_o obligation_n be_v valide_fw-la and_o pure_a and_o the_o condition_n be_v void_a as_o not_o adject_v nam_fw-la conditio_fw-la illicita_fw-la est_fw-la quasi_fw-la non_fw-la adjecta_fw-la hence_o it_o appear_v that_o such_o obligation_n as_o be_v without_o condition_n be_v pure_a and_o such_o be_v simple_a which_o be_v not_o clog_v with_o the_o run_n of_o a_o course_n of_o time_n the_o adjection_n whereof_o be_v always_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o debtor_n as_o to_o the_o intervenient_a time_n and_o in_o this_o also_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o creditor_n that_o he_o needs_o use_v no_o interpellation_n or_o requisition_n for_o performance_n sed_fw-la dies_fw-la interpallat_n pro_fw-la homine_fw-la and_o the_o day_n be_v past_a the_o debtor_n be_v in_o mora_fw-la but_o in_o simple_a obligation_n delay_n be_v only_o upon_o demand_n and_o whensoever_o it_o be_v require_v upon_o non-performance_n the_o debtor_n be_v in_o mora_fw-la obligation_n ad_fw-la diem_fw-la incertum_fw-la be_v in_o effect_n conditioal_n nam_fw-la dies_fw-la incertus_fw-la habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la conditione_n as_o a_o sum_n payable_a at_o such_o a_o age_n which_o be_v frequent_o in_o provision_n of_o child_n if_o they_o die_v before_o that_o age_n the_o sum_n be_v not_o due_a to_o their_o representative_n even_o after_o they_o may_v have_v attain_v that_o age_n as_o be_v find_v january_n 17._o 1667._o edgar_z contra_fw-la edgar_n february_n 22._o 1677._o belshes_n of_o tofte_v contra_fw-la belch_v a_o conditional_a obligation_n do_v necessary_o imply_v a_o uncertainty_n and_o dependence_n of_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o obligation_n upon_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o condition_n for_o if_o the_o condition_n fail_v the_o obligation_n be_v void_a and_o ofttimes_o obligation_n be_v conceive_v in_o conditional_a term_n though_o in_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o uncertainty_n of_o the_o condition_n as_o to_o the_o be_v thereof_o though_o it_o may_v be_v uncertain_a as_o to_o the_o contracter_n knowledge_n as_o in_o obligation_n where_o the_o condition_n be_v make_v of_o something_o past_a or_o of_o something_o that_o can_v but_o come_v the_o come_v whereof_o be_v the_o term_n of_o performance_n and_o not_o a_o condition_n and_o it_o be_v a_o obligation_n to_o a_o day_n and_o not_o conditional_a as_o on_o the_o contrair_a a_o conditional_a obligation_n may_v be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o conceive_v in_o term_n conditional_a as_o when_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o a_o day_n if_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o by_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n that_o day_n will_v ever_o come_v it_o be_v no_o term_n but_o a_o condition_n these_o uncertain_a condition_n be_v of_o two_o kind_n voluntar_n which_o depend_v upon_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o some_o person_n and_o casual_a which_o depend_v upon_o the_o casual_a event_n of_o that_o which_o can_v natural_o be_v foreknow_v among_o voluntar_n condition_n these_o be_v not_o to_o be_v number_v which_o consist_v in_o the_o mutual_a obligation_n of_o the_o creditor_n which_o he_o be_v positive_o oblige_v to_o perform_v and_o so_o
competent_a to_o a_o cautioner_n who_o in_o a_o new_a bond_n of_o corroboration_n have_v engage_v for_o the_o debt_n with_o the_o principal_a and_o that_o against_o the_o cautioner_n in_o the_o first_o bond_n though_o he_o have_v no_o assignation_n to_o the_o clause_n of_o relief_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o cautioner_n spot_n cautioner_n lubra_n contra_fw-la david_n vauns_n the_o same_o must_v hold_v in_o contutor_n co-curators_a and_o wherever_o more_o debtor_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la for_o the_o same_o debt_n or_o deed_n title_n ix_o reparation_n where_o of_o delinquence_n and_o damnage_n thence_o arise_v 1._o the_o obligation_n of_o reparation_n of_o damnage_n by_o delinquence_n a_o natural_a obligation_n 2._o delinquence_n infer_v the_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n and_o reparation_n of_o the_o injure_v 3._o damnage_n describe_v 4._o kind_n of_o delinquence_n 5._o concurrer_n in_o delinquence_n how_o liable_a 6._o special_a kind_n of_o delinquence_n by_o our_o custom_n 7._o assythment_n 8._o extertion_n vi_fw-la majori_fw-la &_o metus_fw-la causa_fw-la 9_o circumvention_n by_o fraud_n dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la 10._o the_o edict_n de_fw-fr dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la 11._o circumvention_n rare_o infer_v by_o witness_n 12._o simulation_n 13._o collusion_n 14._o the_o effect_n of_o fraud_n as_o to_o the_o party_n contract_n 15._o deed_n do_v in_o fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la contrair_a the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o anent_o bankrupt_n 16._o the_o nature_n of_o spuilzie_n 17._o the_o title_n of_o possession_n 18._o oath_n in_o litem_fw-la in_o spulzy_n 19_o spuilzie_n eleided_a by_o any_o colourable_a title_n warrant_v or_o bona_fw-la side_n 20._o spulzie_a eleided_a by_o voluntar_n delivery_n 21._o by_o lawful_a poynd_n 22._o reply_v against_o poind_v 23._o spuilzie_n eleided_a by_o restitution_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n 24._o prescription_n of_o spuilzy_n 25._o intrusion_n and_o ejection_n describe_v and_o distinguisb_v 26._o ejection_n proper_a to_o the_o natural_a possessor_n 27._o exception_n against_o ejection_n 28._o mollestation_n 29._o breach_n of_o arrestment_n and_o deforcement_n 30._o contravention_n among_o obligation_n obediential_a we_o have_v place_v these_o which_o be_v by_o delinquence_n because_o they_o arise_v without_o any_o convention_n consent_n or_o contract_n either_o particular_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o positive_a law_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v needs_o have_v their_o original_a from_o the_o authority_n and_o will_n of_o god_n and_o of_o our_o obedience_n due_a thereto_o for_o though_o they_o do_v proceed_v from_o our_o fact_n and_o from_o our_o will_n whence_o that_o fact_n be_v voluntary_o commit_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o from_o our_o contract_n will_n and_o therefore_o these_o obligation_n do_v not_o receive_v their_o measure_n or_o extent_n by_o our_o will_n 1._o that_o obligation_n of_o delinquence_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o suffrage_n of_o all_o man_n and_o all_o nation_n will_v evince_v who_o do_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v the_o reparation_n of_o damnage_n and_o punishment_n of_o crime_n and_o injury_n as_o have_v by_o nature_n a_o clear_a evidence_n and_o sharp_a sense_n thereof_o and_o thereupon_o can_v without_o reluctancy_n concur_v with_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o punishment_n of_o citizen_n and_o of_o enemy_n by_o the_o sword_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v how_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v perpetual_a and_o have_v place_n chief_o in_o innocency_n can_v prescribe_v any_o thing_n in_o relation_n to_o delinquency_n or_o malifice_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o that_o condition_n this_o will_v be_v easy_o clear_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o though_o man_n be_v make_v in_o the_o state_n of_o innocency_n yet_o have_v he_o a_o natural_a instability_n for_o which_o god_n do_v warn_v and_o arm_v he_o and_o though_o the_o principal_a and_o direct_a law_n of_o nature_n do_v teach_v man_n to_o love_v his_o neighbour_n as_o himself_o yet_o he_o can_v not_o but_o by_o consequence_n know_v though_o he_o have_v stand_v in_o innocency_n as_o do_v the_o angel_n that_o any_o who_o act_v against_o that_o royal_a law_n of_o love_n by_o do_v evil_a to_o his_o neighbour_n and_o take_v away_o from_o he_o that_o which_o be_v he_o aught_o to_o repair_v he_o and_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o divine_a justice_n which_o be_v that_o certification_n which_o god_n put_v upon_o his_o natural_a law_n as_o he_o do_v more_o express_o upon_o the_o forbid_a fruit_n morte_fw-la morieris_fw-la 2._o a_o obligation_n of_o delinquence_n be_v then_o that_o whereunto_o injury_n or_o malifice_n do_v oblige_v as_o the_o meritorious_a cause_n thereof_o as_o the_o will_n of_o god_n thereupon_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o it_o be_v twofold_a either_o that_o which_o relate_v to_o god_n or_o that_o which_o relate_v to_o man_n the_o former_a be_v the_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n pain_n or_o penalty_n for_o unto_o god_n there_o can_v proper_o no_o reparation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o creature_n who_o duty_n and_o service_n be_v due_a to_o he_o so_o that_o to_o he_o the_o creature_n be_v oblige_v to_o underly_a the_o punishment_n in_o reference_n to_o man_n be_v the_o obligation_n of_o repair_v his_o damnage_n put_v he_o in_o as_o good_a condition_n as_o he_o be_v in_o before_o the_o injury_n and_o this_o only_o be_v man_n part_n for_o himself_o for_o the_o inflict_a of_o punishment_n be_v for_o god_n in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v authorize_v or_o allow_v by_o he_o but_o it_o be_v not_o for_o or_o from_o man_n of_o himself_o revenge_n be_v i_o and_o i_o will_v repay_v say_v the_o lord_n for_o as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o a_o obligation_n in_o the_o debtor_n have_v a_o correspondent_a power_n of_o exaction_n in_o the_o creditor_n which_o be_v the_o personal_a right_n so_o in_o delinquence_n the_o power_n of_o exaction_n of_o reparation_n of_o his_o damnage_n be_v man_n for_o himself_o but_o the_o power_n of_o exact_v punishment_n be_v in_o god_n and_o as_o for_o he_o or_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o man_n it_o be_v but_o a_o ministerial_a power_n and_o not_o dispensible_a at_o 〈◊〉_d pleasure_n and_o have_v a_o obligation_n whereby_o man_n 〈◊〉_d bind_v to_o god_n for_o do_v his_o duty_n therein_o though_o positive_a law_n and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o some_o thing_n the_o positive_a law_n of_o god_n itself_o may_v 〈◊〉_d a_o 〈◊〉_d and_o employ_v it_o for_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o injure_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a punishment_n that_o have_v its_o force_n by_o paction_n or_o positive_a law_n and_o nor_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o obligation_n to_o punishment_n arise_v from_o 〈◊〉_d and_o man_n power_n and_o duty_n to_o inflict_v the_o same_o be_v a_o public_a right_n which_o though_o natural_o do_v concern_v every_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v now_o with_o divine_a approbation_n for_o most_o part_n devolve_v upon_o public_a authority_n which_o be_v say_v rom._n 13._o 〈◊〉_d 3_o 4._o to_o be_v a_o terror_n to_o evil_a doer_n and_o not_o to_o bear_v the_o sword_n in_o vain_a for_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o minister_n of_o god_n a_o revenger_n to_o execute_v wrath_n upon_o he_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o which_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o magistrate_n as_o he_o execute_v revenge_n do_v 〈◊〉_d not_o of_o or_o for_o himself_o nor_o for_o or_o from_o the_o people_n as_o their_o proper_a right_n or_o power_n of_o exaction_n but_o therein_o as_o he_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n he_o do_v 〈◊〉_d for_o and_o from_o god_n even_o though_o his_o authority_n and_o commission_n be_v not_o immediate_o from_o god_n but_o from_o man_n yet_o he_o stand_v in_o the_o place_n of_o these_o man_n to_o god_n to_o execute_v that_o revenge_n which_o they_o themselves_o be_v natural_o oblige_v unto_o but_o how_o far_o man_n natural_a duty_n or_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o punishment_n of_o crime_n reach_v the_o line_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v become_v dark_a in_o many_o point_n it_o be_v manifest_a and_o agree_v by_o all_o that_o though_o in_o all_o damnage_n do_v to_o man_n there_o be_v also_o punishment_n which_o may_v be_v inflict_v by_o god_n yet_o where_o the_o matter_n be_v chief_o man_n interest_n and_o so_o repairable_a to_o he_o none_o will_v think_v that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n in_o all_o of_o these_o case_n to_o inflict_v vengeance_n on_o such_o neither_o do_v any_o own_o a_o power_n and_o necessity_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n for_o man_n spiritual_a delinquence_n stand_v in_o his_o mind_n and_o affection_n as_o for_o want_v of_o love_n and_o confidence_n hope_n etc._n etc._n in_o something_n also_o the_o power_n of_o punishment_n be_v no_o less_o evident_a even_o when_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reparation_n to_o man_n as_o in_o that_o general_a precept_n of_o equal_a crime_n and_o punishment_n life_n for_o life_n eye_n for_o eye_n tooth_n for_o tooth_n etc._n etc._n but_o
ferm_n or_o to_o other_o service_n but_o those_o be_v fix_v to_o and_o follow_v those_o ferm_n and_o they_o be_v convey_v therewith_o such_o be_v the_o english_a villain_n but_o in_o scotland_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n 12._o there_o be_v former_o a_o kind_n of_o bondage_n call_v man-rent_a whereby_o free_a person_n become_v the_o man_n or_o follower_n of_o these_o who_o be_v their_o patron_n and_o defender_n and_o these_o be_v rather_o in_o clientele_n than_o in_o bondage_n but_o it_o be_v utter_o abolish_v both_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o cap._n 78._o and_o by_o custom_n 13._o from_o servitude_n arise_v manumission_n and_o the_o right_n of_o patronage_n manumission_n be_v the_o dimission_n of_o servant_n and_o the_o make_n of_o they_o libertine_n whereby_o they_o become_v free_a but_o with_o remain_v thankfulness_n reverence_n and_o obsequiousness_n and_o some_o other_o duty_n and_o office_n to_o their_o former_a master_n then_o become_v their_o patron_n and_o if_o in_o these_o they_o fail_v they_o forefault_v their_o new_a acquire_v liberty_n and_o return_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n of_o servitude_n 14._o in_o these_o therefore_o stand_v the_o right_n of_o patronage_n and_o from_o this_o condition_n of_o libertine_n arise_v that_o distinction_n of_o man_n into_o these_o who_o be_v always_o free_a who_o be_v call_v ingenui_fw-la and_o in_o these_o who_o be_v bind_v who_o be_v call_v servi_fw-la and_o in_o these_o of_o a_o middle_a condition_n who_o have_v be_v slave_n become_v free_a and_o so_o be_v neither_o full_o free_a but_o have_v some_o duty_n lie_v upon_o they_o to_o their_o patron_n neither_o be_v full_o bind_v as_o servant_n 15._o the_o servant_n which_o now_o retain_v that_o name_n be_v judge_v free_a person_n and_o have_v at_o most_o but_o hire_v their_o labour_n and_o work_v to_o their_o master_n for_o a_o time_n which_o be_v a_o contract_n betwixt_o they_o of_o which_o afterward_o 16._o the_o custom_n of_o this_o nation_n have_v little_a peculiar_a in_o relation_n to_o liberty_n direct_o but_o the_o injury_n do_v against_o the_o same_o especial_o constraint_n fall_v under_o the_o consideration_n of_o delinquency_n and_o be_v so_o punish_v the_o roman_n have_v express_v law_n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la homine_fw-la exhibendo_fw-la and_o de_fw-fr privatis_fw-la carceribus_fw-la inhibendis_fw-la the_o english_a have_v their_o action_n of_o false_a imprisonment_n determine_v with_o much_o exactness_n in_o what_o case_n imprisonment_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o what_o not_o and_o how_o remeidable_a it_o be_v also_o provide_v in_o the_o judicial_a law_n against_o stealer_n of_o man_n but_o among_o we_o as_o these_o crime_n be_v very_o rare_a so_o if_o unlawful_a restraint_n or_o unjust_a imprisonment_n shall_v fall_v out_o it_o remain_v among_o delinquency_n to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o circumstance_n and_o attrocity_n and_o according_a to_o equity_n and_o thence_o also_o a_o civil_a action_n for_o damnage_n and_o interest_n arise_v title_n iii_o of_o obligation_n 1._o personal_a right_n and_o obligation_n describe_v 2._o kind_n of_o obligation_n 3._o obediential_a obligition_n describe_v 4._o divide_v 5._o enumerat_fw-la 6._o obligation_n natural_a and_o civil_a 7._o obligation_n principal_a and_o accessary_a 8._o obligation_n pure_a conditional_a and_o to_o a_o day_n right_n personal_n or_o obligation_n be_v in_o nature_n and_o time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n anterior_a to_o and_o inductive_a of_o right_n 〈◊〉_d of_o dominion_n and_o property_n do_v therefore_o come_v under_o consideration_n next_o unto_o liberty_n 1._o the_o same_o right_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o creditor_n it_o be_v call_v a_o personal_a right_n but_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o debtor_n it_o be_v call_v a_o obligation_n debt_n or_o duty_n which_o be_v retain_v as_o the_o more_o proper_a name_n inst._n de_fw-fr obligationibus_fw-la in_o principio_fw-la obligation_n be_v a_o legal_a tie_n by_o which_o we_o may_v be_v necessitate_v or_o constrain_v to_o pay_v or_o perform_v something_o this_o tie_n lie_v upon_o the_o debtor_n and_o the_o power_n of_o make_v use_n of_o it_o in_o the_o creditor_n be_v the_o personal_a right_a itself_o which_o be_v a_o power_n give_v by_o the_o law_n to_o exact_v from_o person_n that_o which_o they_o be_v due_a 2._o obligation_n by_o the_o roman_n be_v distinguish_v in_o four_o kind_n in_o obligation_n ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la vel_fw-la quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la maleficiovel_n quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la malificio_fw-la which_o distinction_n insinuat_v no_o reason_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o rise_v of_o these_o distinct_a obligation_n which_o be_v requisite_a in_o a_o good_a distinct_a division_n and_o therefore_o they_o may_v be_v more_o apposite_o divide_v according_a to_o the_o principle_n or_o original_a from_o whence_o they_o flow_v in_o obligation_n obediential_a and_o by_o engagement_n or_o natural_a and_o conventional_a or_o by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o by_o the_o will_n of_o man_n 3._o obediential_a obligation_n be_v these_o which_o be_v put_v upon_o man_n by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n not_o by_o their_o own_o will_n and_o so_o be_v natural_a as_o introduce_v by_o the_o law_n nature_n before_o any_o addition_n make_v thereto_o by_o engagement_n be_v 〈◊〉_d which_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v sole_o by_o our_o obedience_n to_o god_n as_o conventional_a obligation_n be_v such_o as_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o and_o through_o our_o own_o will_n engagement_n or_o consent_n 4._o obediential_a obligation_n be_v either_o by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n immediate_o or_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o some_o fact_n of_o we_o such_o be_v obligation_n by_o delinquence_n whereby_o we_o become_v bind_v to_o reparation_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o be_v liable_a in_o punishment_n to_o god_n which_o may_v be_v exact_v by_o these_o who_o have_v his_o warrant_n for_o that_o effect_n of_o these_o obediential_a obligation_n there_o be_v some_o which_o tie_v we_o to_o god_n alone_o whereby_o there_o be_v no_o right_o constitute_v in_o man_n to_o exact_v the_o same_o as_o his_o own_o due_a or_o any_o warrant_n or_o command_v give_v he_o by_o god_n to_o exact_v they_o on_o his_o behalf_n and_o some_o though_o they_o constitute_v not_o a_o right_a in_o man_n yet_o man_n be_v command_v and_o warrant_v to_o vindicate_v they_o as_o the_o crime_n of_o witchcraft_n blasphemy_n beastiality_n and_o the_o like_a for_o which_o there_o be_v a_o express_a command_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n though_o there_o be_v no_o injury_n do_v therein_o to_o man_n of_o which_o there_o can_v be_v any_o reparation_n for_o the_o command_n thou_o shall_v not_o suffer_v a_o witch_n to_o live_v take_v place_n though_o the_o witch_n have_v commit_v no_o malifice_n against_o the_o life_n or_o good_n of_o man_n but_o these_o obligation_n be_v among_o the_o public_a right_n belong_v to_o the_o magistrate_n on_o who_o be_v devolve_v that_o authority_n to_o vindicate_v for_o god_n as_o his_o vicegerent_n we_o shall_v not_o here_o insist_v on_o they_o nor_o on_o these_o other_o obligation_n whereby_o no_o right_a of_o execution_n be_v constitute_v in_o man_n for_o vindication_n &_o quae_fw-la solum_fw-la deum_fw-la habent_fw-la ultorem_fw-la be_v only_o now_o about_o the_o private_a right_n of_o man_n such_o be_v the_o love_n and_o fear_v we_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o dependence_n on_o and_o confidence_n in_o he_o 5._o we_o shall_v therefore_o insist_v only_o on_o the_o obediential_a obligation_n that_o be_v betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n parent_n and_o child_n tutor_n and_o pupil_n curator_n and_o minor_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n and_o remuneration_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o reparation_n of_o delinquence_n and_o damnage_n and_o then_o we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o conventional_a obligation_n 〈◊〉_d there_o be_v another_o distinction_n in_o the_o law_n of_o obligation_n viz._n natural_a and_o civil_a natural_a obligation_n be_v these_o which_o have_v a_o tie_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o do_v raise_v a_o right_n in_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o relate_v but_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n do_v not_o second_v they_o with_o legal_a remedy_n or_o execution_n but_o they_o remain_v only_o as_o bond_n upon_o the_o good_a will_n and_o honesty_n of_o these_o who_o be_v thereby_o bind_v first_o there_o be_v many_o natural_a obligation_n which_o have_v no_o civil_a effect_n either_o because_o they_o oblige_v to_o inward_a duty_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o law_n do_v not_o consider_v as_o cicero_n say_v philosophum_fw-la spectant_fw-la quae_fw-la ment_fw-la tenentur_fw-la juridicum_fw-la quae_fw-la manu_fw-la tenentur_fw-la or_o second_o because_o though_o they_o oblige_v to_o outward_a performance_n yet_o the_o manner_n and_o measure_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n and_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o oblige_v as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v though_o that_o in_o matter_n of_o expediency_n or_o utility_n there_o be_v a_o
pupil_n and_o minor_n can_v convenient_o be_v separate_v if_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a law_n the_o natural_a infirmity_n of_o pupilage_n will_v not_o want_v its_o natural_a remedy_n provide_v by_o he_o who_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o fatherless_a and_o lay_v his_o obediential_a obligation_n upon_o these_o who_o by_o the_o law_n write_v in_o their_o heart_n he_o have_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o duty_n as_o be_v before_o show_v there_o be_v a_o common_a obediential_a or_o natural_a obligation_n upon_o all_o man_n of_o love_n mercy_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o distress_a among_o who_o infant_n and_o pupil_n who_o have_v no_o discretion_n and_o can_v at_o all_o preserve_v or_o govern_v themselves_o be_v the_o first_o it_o have_v be_v also_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o more_o special_a obligation_n put_v upon_o those_o of_o one_o blood_n one_o family_n from_o one_o common_a parent_n to_o help_v and_o support_v each_o other_o and_o that_o in_o order_n 2._o the_o first_o and_o near_a degree_n be_v first_o and_o most_o oblige_v hence_o arise_v that_o orderly_a and_o comely_a natural_a substitution_n of_o tutor_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o pupil_n first_o the_o father_n tutory_a and_o lawful_a administration_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v already_o and_o these_o fail_n by_o death_n or_o incapacity_n the_o near_a degree_n of_o agnat_n be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o parent_n and_o be_v all_o joint_o bind_v to_o this_o natural_a duty_n unless_o the_o parent_n by_o their_o parental_a power_n have_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v other_o who_o they_o trust_v to_o undertake_v that_o work_n and_o last_o the_o common_a obligation_n that_o lie_v upon_o people_n have_v devolve_v upon_o the_o magistrate_n as_o represent_v they_o the_o duty_n of_o be_v or_o appoint_v tutor_n for_o pupil_n hence_o do_v arise_v the_o distinction_n of_o tutor_n in_o testamentar_n constitute_v by_o the_o parent_n in_o his_o testament_n legittime_o appoint_v by_o the_o law_n which_o be_v of_o the_o near_a agnat_n and_o dative_a which_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o king_n 3._o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o these_o tutor_n to_o their_o pupil_n be_v first_o to_o preserve_v their_o person_n and_o defend_v they_o against_o injury_n and_o prejudices_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v they_o name_v tutor_n quasi_fw-la tuitores_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr tutelis_fw-la 2._o to_o aliment_n they_o out_o of_o the_o pupil_n own_o mean_n according_a to_o the_o condition_n thereof_o and_o to_o educate_v they_o for_o a_o station_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o capacity_n 3._o to_o manage_v their_o affair_n with_o such_o diligence_n as_o provident_a man_n use_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v lose_v but_o every_o thing_n improven_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n in_o all_o which_o they_o be_v not_o to_o exerce_fw-la voluntary_a act_n of_o dominion_n at_o their_o choice_n as_o dispose_v of_o what_o be_v secure_a but_o only_o necessary_a act_n for_o the_o preservation_n and_o recovery_n of_o what_o will_v or_o may_v perish_v and_o for_o improve_n the_o profit_n of_o it_o 4._o they_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v a_o account_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o pupil_n what_o be_v his_o own_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o attain_v to_o the_o age_n of_o discretion_n 4._o and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o pupil_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o tutor_n by_o the_o obediential_a bond_n of_o remuneration_n or_o recompense_v of_o one_o good_a deed_n for_o a_o other_o to_o make_v up_o to_o the_o tutor_n whatsoever_o be_v want_v to_o they_o through_o their_o faithful_a administration_n this_o be_v all_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o interest_n and_o obligation_n of_o tutor_n and_o pupil_n which_o the_o positive_a law_n do_v no_o more_o but_o declare_v apply_v and_o ascertain_v by_o the_o form_n of_o enter_v that_o office_n the_o security_n for_o performance_n of_o it_o the_o fix_a time_n of_o endurance_n thereof_o which_o natural_o be_v the_o age_n of_o discretion_n in_o some_o soon_o in_o some_o late_a in_o some_o never_o but_o for_o certainty_n cause_n positive_a law_n determine_v a_o particular_a year_n in_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n discretion_n come_v that_o there_o be_v such_o interest_n and_o obligation_n even_o natural_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n will_v so_o easy_o go_v along_o that_o it_o will_v rather_o need_v consideration_n than_o confirmation_n the_o ground_n thereof_o be_v common_o acknowledge_v and_o accustom_v by_o all_o man_n who_o be_v lead_v by_o reason_n and_o it_o be_v so_o insinuate_v by_o the_o ordinar_n term_n of_o law_n whereby_o these_o obligation_n be_v call_v quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la as_o arise_v from_o no_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o tutor_n and_o the_o infant_n or_o pupil_n as_o not_o capable_a of_o contract_n and_o yet_o be_v not_o simple_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o these_o obligation_n not_o be_v by_o the_o will_n of_o man_n must_v needs_o be_v obediential_a obligation_n by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o roman_n have_v in_o this_o matter_n keep_v clear_o and_o closse_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o therefore_o our_o custom_n have_v keep_v as_o near_o by_o they_o and_o so_o have_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n so_o say_v gudelinus_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la noviss_n l._n 10._o cap._n 8._o §_o ff_n that_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n and_o netherlands_o have_v very_o little_o alter_v in_o this_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n we_o shall_v therefore_o interweave_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o custom_n that_o it_o may_v appear_v how_o far_o they_o do_v agree_v and_o differ_v and_o how_o they_o do_v quadrat_fw-la to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n follow_v this_o order_n 1._o what_o kind_n of_o tutor_n they_o be_v and_o what_o order_n of_o the_o same_o 2._o what_o the_o tutor_n duty_n be_v in_o their_o entry_n administration_n and_o account_n 3._o how_o tutories_n end_n 4._o the_o pupil_n obligation_n to_o they_o therefore_o and_o last_o of_o that_o resemblance_n that_o curatour_n and_o minor_n have_v tutor_n and_o pupil_n 5._o as_o to_o the_o first_o there_o be_v three_o kind_n of_o tutor_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o custom_n befide_v that_o of_o the_o father_n who_o be_v call_v for_o distinction_n sake_n lawful_a administratour_n of_o which_o former_o the_o first_o be_v tutor_n testamentar_n or_o nominate_v the_o second_o be_v the_o tutor_n of_o law_n and_o the_o three_o be_v the_o tutor_n dative_n all_o which_o follow_v in_o course_n in_o the_o same_o order_n 6._o a_o tutor_n testamentar_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n behove_v to_o be_v either_o name_v in_o the_o testament_n or_o codicill_n confirm_v by_o testament_n l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr testamentaria_fw-la tutela_fw-la and_o can_v only_o be_v give_v to_o such_o as_o be_v in_o patria_fw-la potestate_fw-la §_o 3._o inst._n de_fw-fr tutelis_fw-la but_o by_o our_o custom_n a_o father_n may_v nominate_v tutor_n to_o his_o child_n in_o any_o writ_n he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v of_o a_o testamentary_a nature_n always_o ambulatory_a and_o mutable_a during_o his_o life_n a_o grandfather_n can_v name_v tutor_n to_o his_o oyes_o because_o his_o son_n be_v emancipat_v by_o marriage_n they_o be_v not_o in_o his_o paternal_a power_n neither_o can_v a_o mother_n or_o grandmother_n who_o have_v also_o no_o such_o power_n but_o any_o person_n that_o give_v or_o dispones_fw-la any_o thing_n to_o a_o pupil_n may_v in_o that_o disposition_n name_n tutor_n who_o be_v not_o proper_o such_o but_o only_o have_v the_o trust_n and_o charge_n of_o that_o thing_n dispone_v and_o as_o to_o it_o exclude_v all_o other_o tutor_n which_o take_v place_n because_o that_o nomination_n be_v a_o quality_n and_o condition_n in_o that_o donation_n november_n 17._o 1627._o fleming_n contra_fw-la brown_n january_n 31._o 1665._o kirktouns_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o hunthill_n 7._o a_o tutor_n testamentar_n require_v no_o preparatory_a solemnity_n to_o capacitate_v he_o to_o act_n but_o the_o very_a nomination_n itself_o be_v sufficient_a and_o if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o testament_n it_o be_v valide_fw-la though_o the_o testament_n be_v never_o confirm_v or_o be_v reject_v by_o the_o executor_n and_o so_o there_o need_v no_o make_v of_o faith_n or_o find_v caution_n because_o it_o be_v presume_v the_o father_n that_o do_v name_v he_o do_v sufficient_o know_v his_o faithfulness_n and_o fitness_n and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o a_o testament_n bear_v that_o a_o tutor_n nominate_v accept_v and_o make_v faith_n be_v not_o find_v to_o instruct_v his_o acceptance_n with_o out_o the_o principal_a act_n subscribe_v by_o he_o be_v produce_v or_o act_n of_o administration_n prove_v though_o it_o be_v thirty_o seven_o year_n since_o the_o confirmation_n january_n 31._o 1665._o rutherford_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o hunthil_n neither_o be_v a_o tutory_a find_v instruct_v by_o a_o discharge_v as_o
intestat_fw-la the_o ancient_a way_n of_o test_v among_o the_o roman_n be_v either_o in_o peace_n and_o solemn_a which_o be_v do_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o people_n be_v convocat_n callatis_fw-la comitiis_fw-la or_o otherways_o by_o a_o simulat_fw-la sale_n per_fw-la aes_fw-la &_o libram_fw-la wherein_o the_o testator_n in_o presence_n of_o five_o witness_n roman_n do_v hold_v a_o balance_n and_o weigh_v money_n therein_o and_o under_o that_o form_n as_o it_o be_v sell_v his_o inheritance_n for_o the_o money_n and_o ask_v witness_n or_o otherways_o testament_n be_v make_v in_o precinctu_fw-la when_o they_o be_v stand_v in_o battle_n before_o the_o fight_n without_o other_o solemnity_n than_o three_o or_o four_o witness_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a form_n of_o test_v the_o matter_n and_o power_n of_o test_v be_v very_o absolute_a according_a to_o equity_n concern_v which_o this_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n uti_fw-la cuique_fw-la rei_fw-la suae_fw-la legasset_fw-la ita_fw-la jus_o esto_fw-la but_o the_o aftercourse_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n change_v both_o this_o ancient_a manner_n and_o power_n of_o test_v and_o redact_v testament_n into_o three_o kind_n solemn_a nuncupative_a and_o military_a 3._o solemn_a testament_n be_v so_o call_v because_o they_o require_v the_o most_o solemnity_n as_o first_o that_o the_o testament_n be_v in_o writ_n the_o name_n of_o the_o heir_n at_o least_o be_v write_v by_o the_o testator_n or_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n second_o there_o behove_v to_o be_v seven_o witness_n special_o require_v all_o present_a and_o subscribe_v by_o themselves_o or_o another_o and_o seal_v the_o testament_n at_o the_o foot_n thereof_o none_o of_o which_o may_v be_v woman_n pupil_n servant_n prodigal_n or_o furious_a person_n neither_o the_o heir_n himself_o or_o any_o of_o his_o domestic_n each_o subscription_n bear_v i_o titus_n etc._n etc._n be_v call_v and_o require_v to_o be_v a_o witness_n to_o this_o testament_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o schedule_n have_v subscribe_v it_o with_o my_o hand_n and_o seal_v it_o with_o such_o a_o seal_n three_o the_o testator_n also_o behove_v to_o subscribe_v thus_o i_o mevius_n etc._n etc._n declare_v this_o schedule_n to_o be_v my_o testament_n and_o i_o have_v test_a as_o be_v contain_v therein_o or_o by_o another_o if_o he_o can_v not_o write_v who_o stand_v as_o the_o eight_o witness_n four_o the_o testament_n behove_v to_o be_v make_v by_o one_o continue_a act_n without_o interruption_n of_o any_o extraneous_a act_n least_o by_o extraneous_a act_n the_o mind_n may_v be_v divert_v or_o inconsiderate_a in_o so_o solemn_a a_o act._n so_o the_o testament_n be_v close_v up_o and_o seal_v and_o if_o the_o testator_n open_v the_o testament_n it_o be_v presume_v he_o change_v his_o mind_n but_o after_o his_o death_n the_o witness_n be_v call_v together_o to_o acknowledge_v their_o seal_n and_o subscription_n at_o the_o open_n thereof_o or_o otherways_o it_o be_v open_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o judge_n before_o other_o honest_a witness_n and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o witness_n acknowledge_v not_o their_o subscription_n the_o testament_n be_v hold_v suspect_v 4._o a_o nuncupative_a testament_n be_v that_o which_o be_v by_o word_n only_o before_o seven_o witness_n qualify_v as_o aforesaid_a yet_o two_o witness_n be_v sufficient_a in_o a_o father_n testement_n among_o his_o child_n and_o a_o woman_n may_v be_v witness_n therein_o or_o in_o a_o testament_n for_o pious_a uses_n five_o witness_n do_v suffice_v where_o there_o be_v penury_n of_o witness_n 5._o a_o military_a testament_n be_v that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o soldier_n in_o war_n wherein_o they_o have_v these_o privilege_n first_o when_o they_o be_v in_o procinctu_fw-la ready_a to_o join_v battle_n any_o declaration_n of_o their_o mind_n by_o word_n or_o writ_n though_o it_o be_v write_v but_o in_o the_o sand_n be_v sufficient_a it_o be_v also_o valid_a if_o make_v during_o the_o expedition_n with_o such_o solemnity_n as_o can_v be_v have_v for_o the_o time_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o testator_n live_v a_o year_n in_o which_o he_o may_v make_v it_o more_o solemn_a it_o become_v void_a military_a testament_n have_v this_o further_a privilege_n that_o the_o testator_n may_v institute_v for_o a_o time_n and_o may_v institute_v in_o a_o part_n and_o so_o die_v partly_o testat_fw-la and_o partly_o intestate_a which_o be_v against_o a_o principle_n of_o their_o common_a law_n 6._o the_o ancient_a absolute_a power_n of_o test_v be_v by_o the_o subsequent_a course_n of_o law_n clear_v and_o restrain_v not_o only_o by_o the_o declaratory_a law_n find_v test_v and_o otheract_v invalide_v as_o do_v by_o furious_a person_n out_o of_o their_o lucid_a intervall_n and_o by_o idiot_n and_o by_o pupil_n who_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n or_o those_o make_v by_o fraud_n or_o error_n in_o the_o substantial_o or_o by_o extortion_n but_o more_o particular_o it_o be_v limit_v in_o these_o particular_n 7._o first_o filii_fw-la familiâs_fw-la person_n in_o the_o power_n and_o family_n of_o their_o father_n can_v not_o test_n upon_o their_o good_n whether_o profectitious_a from_o their_o father_n or_o adventitious_a aliunaè_n even_o though_o their_o father_n consent_v but_o only_o on_o their_o bona_fw-la castrensia_fw-la acquire_v in_o war_n or_o quasi_fw-la casirensia_fw-la as_o in_o militia_n togata_fw-la 8._o second_o captive_n with_o public_a enemy_n or_o person_n give_v in_o pledge_n to_o they_o or_o person_n condemn_v to_o capital_a punishment_n who_o good_n be_v con_v fiscat_v or_o those_o condemn_v of_o infamy_n can_v not_o test_n 9_o three_o by_o testament_n some_o person_n can_v neither_o be_v institute_n nor_o substitute_n heir_n such_o as_o the_o spurious_a child_n of_o the_o defunct_a to_o put_v a_o restraint_n upon_o such_o unlawful_a procreation_n but_o child_n beget_v on_o concubine_n while_o those_o be_v tollerat_a can_v not_o be_v institute_n or_o substitute_n these_o be_v lawful_a child_n in_o more_o than_o a_o six_o part_n of_o the_o heretage_n only_o there_o can_v be_v leave_v to_o spurious_a child_n legacy_n for_o their_o necessary_a aliment_n neither_o can_v person_n guilty_a or_o condemn_v of_o treason_n be_v institute_n or_o substitute_n heir_n 10._o four_o power_n of_o test_v be_v restrain_v in_o those_o who_o have_v lawful_a child_n who_o be_v necessitat_fw-la either_o to_o institute_v their_o child_n their_o heir_n or_o express_o to_o exheredat_fw-la or_o disheirish_v they_o express_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o do_v for_o if_o these_o institute_n other_o and_o past_a over_o their_o child_n in_o silence_n the_o testament_n be_v void_a and_o if_o they_o unjust_o exheredate_v they_o they_o have_v quaerelam_fw-la inofficiosi_fw-la testamenti_fw-la to_o annul_v the_o testament_n as_o do_v against_o the_o natural_a duty_n of_o father_n without_o just_a cause_n 11._o five_o the_o power_n of_o test_v be_v restrain_v in_o favour_n of_o lawful_a child_n that_o the_o testator_n can_v not_o by_o legacy_n or_o fidei_fw-la commissum_fw-la abate_v from_o the_o child_n their_o portion_n natural_a due_a to_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oblige_v parent_n to_o entertain_v their_o child_n which_o the_o law_n defyne_v to_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n debt_n deduce_v when_o there_o be_v few_o than_o four_o child_n a_o three_o part_n when_o four_o and_o a_o half_a when_o more_o if_o there_o be_v no_o child_n this_o legittima_n be_v due_a to_o the_o parent_n grand_a father_n and_o grand_a mother_n but_o not_o to_o brethren_n unless_o a_o base_a person_n be_v institute_v which_o portion_n natural_a the_o testator_n can_v not_o prohibit_v the_o child_n to_o withdraw_v from_o the_o heretage_n 12._o six_o the_o falcidian_a law_n do_v restrain_v legacy_n that_o they_o may_v not_o exceed_v three_o four_o part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n so_o that_o there_o behove_v to_o 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make_v his_o will_n
death_n yea_o a_o wife_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o the_o expense_n of_o childbed_n of_o a_o posthumus_fw-la child_n bear_v after_o the_o next_o term_n against_o the_o elder_a son_n though_o he_o be_v not_o heir_n but_o have_v a_o universal_a disposition_n of_o his_o father_n mean_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a which_o disposition_n be_v grant_v after_o the_o posthumus_z child_n conception_n november_n 10._o 1671._o thomas_n hastie_n and_o barbara_n ker_n his_o mother_n contra_fw-la william_n hastie_n a_o wife_n have_v also_o her_o mourning_n if_o her_o quality_n require_v it_o out_o of_o her_o husband_n executry_n november_n 12._o 1664._o nicolas_n murray_n lady_n craigaffie_n contra_fw-la cornelius_n neilson_n july_n 7._o 1675._o agnes_n wilkie_n contra_fw-la christian_n morison_n and_o likewise_o if_o the_o wife_n predecease_n her_o executour_n have_v the_o half_a or_o three_o of_o her_o husband_n movable_n the_o best_a of_o every_o kind_n be_v set_v aside_o as_o heirship_v movable_n though_o there_o can_v be_v no_o heir_n for_o the_o time_n the_o husband_n be_v alive_a december_n 8._o 1668._o agnes_n guidlet_n contra_fw-la george_n nairn_n title_n v._o obligation_n between_o parent_n and_o child_n 1._o obligation_n betwixt_o parent_n and_o child_n be_v divine_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 2._o the_o power_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n 3._o in_o infancy_n 4._o in_o minority_n 5._o in_o majority_n 6._o oeconomical_a government_n 7._o provision_n of_o child_n 8._o obligation_n of_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n 9_o aliment_n due_a to_o parent_n 10._o obligation_n mutual_a of_o child_n 11._o patria_fw-la potestas_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n 12._o among_o other_o nation_n especial_o as_o lawful_a administration_n 13._o forisfamiliation_n and_o emancipation_n that_o there_o be_v natural_a obligation_n betwixt_o parent_n and_o child_n not_o proceed_v from_o the_o consent_n of_o either_o party_n or_o from_o the_o constitution_n of_o any_o humane_a law_n but_o from_o the_o obedience_n man_n owe_v to_o his_o maker_n who_o have_v write_v this_o law_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o parent_n and_o child_n as_o to_o their_o interest_n and_o duty_n with_o capital_a letter_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n how_o barbarous_a soever_o though_o evil_a custom_n have_v put_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o natural_a light_n in_o other_o thing_n yet_o in_o this_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o righteousness_n be_v so_o direct_a that_o their_o illumination_n can_v be_v extinguish_v these_o obligation_n be_v so_o firm_a that_o in_o most_o thing_n they_o can_v be_v take_v off_o nor_o discharge_v by_o man_n though_o child_n will_v discharge_v their_o parent_n of_o natural_a affection_n education_n provision_n etc._n etc._n or_o parent_n will_v free_v their_o child_n of_o reverence_n obsequiousness_n and_o of_o entertainment_n of_o parent_n not_o able_a to_o entertain_v themselves_o yet_o 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age_n and_o majority_n or_o full_a age_n so_o do_v aristotle_n distinguish_v polit._n 1._o cap._n ult_n ethic._n l._n 4._o cap._n 3._o l._n 5._o cap._n 10._o and_o after_o he_o grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la l._n 2._o cap._n 5._o 3._o infancy_n be_v when_o the_o child_n be_v without_o discretion_n and_o then_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o power_n of_o their_o parent_n who_o not_o only_o may_v but_o must_v carry_v they_o whither_o and_o keep_v they_o where_o they_o will_v and_o must_v also_o breed_v and_o order_v they_o according_a to_o their_o capacity_n mean_n and_o quality_n and_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o act_n of_o dominion_n in_o the_o parent_n the_o child_n be_v then_o capable_a of_o no_o obligation_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v receive_v by_o they_o from_o the_o parent_n as_o a_o obligation_n as_o it_o may_v thereafter_o be_v do_v during_o the_o child_n minority_n wherein_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a levity_n for_o want_v of_o fixedness_n and_o 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original_a and_o pure_a law_n of_o nature_n not_o only_o the_o tutory_a and_o protection_n of_o child_n infancy_n with_o the_o cure_n and_o direction_n of_o their_o minority_n be_v in_o their_o parent_n but_o there_o be_v also_o a_o oeconomick_a authority_n in_o the_o father_n of_o the_o family_n over_o all_o his_o child_n and_o descendant_n remain_v in_o his_o family_n who_o he_o have_v not_o elocat_fw-la by_o marriage_n which_o be_v also_o a_o natural_a bond_n unto_o other_o family_n whereby_o the_o female_n do_v natural_o change_v their_o family_n and_o become_v under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o family_n 6._o this_o be_v the_o only_a natural_a authority_n and_o government_n which_o have_v in_o itself_o all_o authority_n public_a private_a civil_a and_o criminal_a till_o by_o humane_a constitution_n and_o divine_a approbation_n most_o of_o that_o power_n be_v now_o devolve_v into_o magistracy_n this_o power_n be_v not_o only_o before_o magistracy_n but_o even_o thereafter_o remain_v with_o subordination_n thereto_o in_o most_o nation_n as_o caesar_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la gallico_n lib._n 2._o write_v that_o among_o the_o gaul_n and_o belgae_n parent_n have_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n the_o like_a power_n have_v the_o roman_n ancient_o l._n in_o suis_fw-la haredibus_fw-la 11._o ff_n de_fw-fr liberis_fw-la &_o posthumis_fw-la l._n libertati_fw-la 10._o cod._n de_fw-fr patria_fw-la potestate_fw-la aristotle_n testify_v the_o like_a of_o the_o persian_n lib._n 8._o ethic._n cap._n 12._o and_o by_o the_o judicial_a law_n deut._n 21._o vers_fw-la 18._o the_o rebellious_a son_n who_o obeje_v not_o the_o voice_n of_o his_o father_n and_o mother_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v forth_o before_o the_o elder_n of_o that_o place_n and_o stone_v to_o death_n without_o other_o proof_n than_o the_o parent_n testimony_n so_o that_o the_o sentence_n be_v the_o parent_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v to_o be_v public_a such_o authority_n be_v that_o of_o the_o patriarch_n abraham_n isaac_n and_o jacob_n who_o with_o divine_a approbation_n make_v war_n peace_n and_o confederacy_n which_o be_v the_o public_a and_o proper_a right_n of_o magistracy_n and_o govern_v their_o own_o family_n without_o any_o authority_n derive_v from_o any_o other_o and_o though_o jacob_n family_n arise_v to_o that_o greatness_n that_o in_o it_o be_v many_o family_n yet_o he_o remain_v the_o father_n and_o prince_n of_o they_o all_o so_o that_o the_o several_a subordinat_a family_n have_v their_o subordinat_a authority_n over_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o so_o their_o child_n be_v bind_v in_o obedience_n to_o they_o but_o with_o the_o exception_n of_o their_o superior_a parent_n to_o who_o the_o first_o obedience_n be_v due_a this_o native_a authority_n reach_v all_o child_n whether_o procreate_v of_o lawful_a marriage_n or_o not_o so_o that_o they_o be_v true_o know_v to_o be_v child_n because_o the_o same_o foundation_n and_o common_a principle_n and_o duty_n be_v in_o both_o though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o same_o interest_n
of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o satisfy_v creditor_n by_o a_o judicial_a alienation_n of_o the_o debtor_n land_n ex_fw-la paritate_fw-la rationis_fw-la it_o be_v extend_v against_o the_o debtor_n appearand_a heir_n who_o be_v charge_v to_o enter_z heir_n do_v not_o enter_v and_o therefore_o land_n be_v adjudge_v from_o he_o to_o which_o he_o may_v have_v enter_v either_o for_o his_o predecessor_n debt_n or_o his_o own_o whereupon_o the_o superior_a be_v discern_v to_o receive_v the_o creditor_n adjudger_n whether_o for_o sum_n of_o money_n or_o for_o implement_n of_o disposition_n and_o obliegement_n to_o infeft_a but_o the_o custom_n allow_v not_o a_o year_n rend_v to_o superior_n for_o receive_v adjudger_n till_o the_o year_n rend_v be_v also_o extend_v to_o adjudication_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n decem._n 3._o 1669._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v always_o take_v latitude_n in_o the_o modification_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v especial_o if_o the_o sum_n apprise_v or_o adjudge_v for_o be_v small_a and_o the_o land_n he_o great_a and_o they_o have_v allow_v the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n his_o option_n during_o the_o legal_a to_o take_v infeftment_n or_o not_o and_o yet_o not_o to_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n till_o he_o be_v satisfy_v decem._n 3._o 1672._o mr._n hendry_n hay_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o farlstoun_n vide_fw-la tit._n 13._o §_o 29._o but_o the_o appryzer_n run_v that_o hazard_n that_o if_o the_o debtor_n die_v before_o he_o be_v satisfy_v if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v ward_n it_o will_v fall_v in_o ward_n and_o relief_n by_o the_o debtor_n death_n and_o in_o nonentry_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n shall_v neither_o fall_v by_o the_o appryzer_n nor_o by_o the_o debtor_n there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a reason_n that_o the_o liferent-escheat_n of_o the_o debtor_n shall_v exclude_v the_o appryzer_n if_o it_o fall_v after_o the_o apprize_a and_o charge_n for_o the_o liferent-escheat_n fall_v to_o the_o superior_a with_o all_o the_o burden_n which_o affect_v it_o by_o the_o vassal_n even_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o his_o tack_n and_o therefore_o apprize_a with_o a_o charge_n way_n be_v as_o effectual_a as_o these_o july_n 24._o 1632._o james_n rule_n con_fw-mi laird_n of_o billie_n the_o superior_a can_v have_v only_o one_o year_n rent_n from_o all_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n but_o now_o since_o appryzer_n and_o adjudger_n within_o year_n and_o day_n come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la where_o one_o need_v only_o to_o be_v infeft_v or_o to_o charge_n there_o be_v less_o reason_n to_o give_v a_o easy_a modification_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v to_o the_o first_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n insist_v for_o infeftment_n then_o before_o because_o one_o infeftment_n serve_v for_o all_o and_o he_o who_o advance_v the_o same_o get_v relief_n of_o the_o rest_n before_o they_o have_v access_n to_o the_o rent_n 33._o the_o prime_a casulity_n of_o fee_n be_v ward_n which_o be_v not_o competent_a to_o all_o superior_n ward_n be_v only_o competent_a in_o fee_n hold_v in_o military_a service_n which_o have_v their_o denomination_n from_o this_o casuality_n be_v therefore_o call_v ward-holdings_a and_o that_o not_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o investiture_n which_o seldom_o mention_v ward_n but_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o for_o when_o the_o fee_n be_v holdeu_o for_o military_a service_n or_o as_o the_o english_a better_a express_v by_o knight_n service_n extend_v not_o only_a to_o follow_v in_o war_n but_o to_o council_n and_o assistance_n in_o peace_n then_o when_o the_o vassal_n be_v unfit_a for_o such_o service_n the_o fee_n be_v open_a and_o remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n and_o though_o this_o capacity_n may_v be_v in_o some_o soon_o yet_o it_o be_v fix_v in_o man_n to_o their_o majority_n at_o twenty_o one_o year_n complete_a and_o in_o woman_n till_o they_o become_v fourteen_o year_n complete_a for_o than_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o husband_n who_o may_v do_v the_o service_n require_v in_o the_o fee_n decem._n 20._o 1609._o and_o jan._n 27._o 1610._o lady_n kilbirnie_n contra_fw-la the_o heir_n of_o fairlie_n what_o fee_n be_v hold_v ward_n we_o have_v clear_v in_o the_o former_a title_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o hold_v forth_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o casuality_n 24._o ward_n reach_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o person_n and_o of_o his_o land_n hold_v ward_n it_o have_v its_o denomination_n rather_o from_o the_o former_a for_o ward_n be_v as_o much_o as_o guard_n or_o custody_n the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n be_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o right_n as_o a_o tutor_n to_o the_o vassal_n heir_n craig_n observe_v that_o he_o be_v preserable_a to_o all_o other_o tutor_n except_o only_o the_o father_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o fee_n descend_v by_o the_o mother_n or_o some_o other_o person_n and_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v as_o other_o tutor_n to_o pursue_v the_o right_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o the_o course_n of_o time_n have_v turn_v this_o right_n from_o its_o ancient_a institution_n so_o that_o the_o superior_a have_v less_o enjoyment_n of_o service_n but_o more_o of_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n there_o be_v the_o less_o regard_n to_o the_o pupil_n education_n with_o or_o by_o the_o superior_a to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v be_v fit_v for_o his_o service_n and_o therefore_o other_o tutor_n not_o only_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o pupilsmean_n but_o even_o for_o the_o custody_n and_o education_n of_o his_o person_n will_v be_v prefer_v though_o of_o old_a the_o donatar_n of_o the_o ward_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o tutor_n in_o custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n sinclar_n june_n 15._o 1543._o laird_n auchname_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o elphinstoun_n ledingtoun_n march_n 16._o 1565._o and_o july_n 12._o 1566._o weir_n contra_fw-la lochart_n yet_o late_a decision_n have_v favour_v tutor_n more_o and_o prefer_v they_o nicol._n ubi_fw-la pupuli_fw-la educari_fw-la mr._n james_n chalmers_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n howstoun_n lady_n gadgirth_n neither_o have_v i_o ever_o observe_v that_o superior_n or_o their_o donatar_n be_v make_v liable_a as_o tutor_n for_o administration_n of_o their_o pupil_n affair_n 35._o the_o main_a effect_n of_o ward_n than_o be_v that_o thereby_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n have_v during_o that_o time_n the_o full_a fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o may_v remove_v tenant_n and_o do_v all_o other_o deed_n that_o the_o proprietar_n may_v have_v do_v and_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v as_o to_o continue_v the_o profit_n of_o a_o wood_n if_o there_o be_v constant_a cut_n as_o be_v divide_v in_o so_o many_o hag_n that_o the_o first_o be_v ready_a by_o the_o last_o be_v cut_v or_o go_v heugh_n as_o they_o be_v accustom_v by_o the_o vassal_n but_o he_o cannor_n cut_v more_o than_o the_o accustom_a yearly_a hag_n of_o wood_n or_o put_v in_o more_o coalzier_n than_o the_o vassal_n have_v at_o his_o death_n and_o ordinary_o before_o and_o he_o may_v remove_v and_o in_o put_v tenant_n and_o that_o without_o any_o precede_a declarator_n or_o favourable_a account_n esteem_v the_o retour_fw-fr mail_n for_o the_o rent_n as_o in_o nonentry_n but_o he_o may_v immediate_o pursue_v action_n for_o mail_n and_o duty_n remove_v etc._n etc._n unless_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v and_o then_o the_o superior_a can_v have_v no_o more_o than_o the_o duty_n to_o which_o it_o be_v tax_v but_o for_o it_o he_o have_v not_o only_o the_o vassal_n and_o all_o intromettor_n with_o the_o fruit_n personal_o but_o he_o may_v also_o poynd_v the_o ground_n for_o the_o tax_v duty_n as_o craig_n affirm_v in_o this_o title_n 36._o yet_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o ward_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n can_v extend_v to_o alienation_n or_o consumption_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o any_o part_n or_o pertinent_a thereof_o and_o this_o be_v clear_v by_o the_o statute_n parliament_n 1491._o cap._n 25._o whereby_o donatar_n must_v find_v caution_n not_o to_o destroy_v the_o biggings_n wood_n stank_n park_n meadow_n or_o dovecoat_n but_o to_o keep_v they_o in_o such_o kind_a as_o they_o get_v they_o ward_n be_v also_o restrain_v by_o the_o statute_n confirm_v feve_n of_o which_o former_o and_o these_o stand_v valid_a against_o the_o superior_a during_o the_o ward_n so_o do_v also_o all_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o he_o either_o by_o resignation_n or_o confirmation_n but_o not_o infeftment_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o vassal_n unless_o confirm_v by_o he_o for_o albeit_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o casualty_n of_o ward_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n which_o affect_v the_o fee_n of_o the_o sub-vassal_n yet_o the_o confirmation_n of_o other_o superior_n of_o sub-vassal_n
for_o he_o who_o be_v not_o invest_v can_v be_v divest_v or_o if_o by_o his_o infeftment_n he_o have_v no_o valid_a right_n 7._o craig_n discuss_v this_o question_n also_o in_o that_o place_n whether_o consent_n of_o one_o who_o be_v infeft_v and_o thereby_o have_v right_a will_v validat_n the_o resignation_n of_o another_o who_o be_v not_o infeft_v and_o have_v no_o right_a which_o he_o determine_v in_o the_o affirmative_a with_o good_a reason_n for_o though_o the_o consent_n alone_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a yet_o see_v the_o form_n of_o the_o resignation_n be_v do_v though_o in_o the_o name_n of_o he_o who_o have_v no_o right_a yet_o by_o consent_n of_o he_o who_o have_v right_a here_o be_v both_o the_o substance_n and_o solemnity_n of_o the_o act_n and_o it_o be_v alike_o as_o if_o the_o resignation_n have_v be_v by_o the_o consenter_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o will_v hold_v though_o the_o consent_n be_v but_o adhibit_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o disposition_n or_o contract_n and_o though_o the_o consenter_n for_o all_o right_n he_o have_v do_v not_o dispone_v as_o be_v ordinary_a for_o further_a security_n yea_o if_o the_o consent_n be_v not_o repeat_v in_o the_o procuratory_n of_o resignation_n or_o mention_v in_o the_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n for_o be_v express_v general_o in_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o disposition_n or_o contract_n it_o reach_v to_o every_o article_n thereof_o and_o all_o do_v conform_v thereto_o consent_n have_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o fee_n and_o so_o the_o consent_n to_o a_o annualrent_a by_o a_o party_n have_v right_a and_o infeft_a be_v find_v to_o validate_v the_o annualrent_n though_o the_o disponer_n be_v not_o infeft_v and_o so_o do_v exclude_v a_o tack_v set_v by_o that_o consenter_n afterward_o december_n 15._o 1630._o jean_n stirling_n contra_fw-la yet_o if_o more_o person_n shall_v dispone_v for_o their_o several_a right_n without_o consent_v one_o to_o another_o if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v omit_v out_o of_o the_o procuratory_n or_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n in_o who_o true_o the_o right_n stand_v nonthing_n will_v be_v valid_o do_v though_o that_o party_n be_v also_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o when_o many_o person_n dispone_v or_o resign_v they_o do_v it_o all_o with_o one_o mutual_a consent_n for_o thereby_o each_o of_o their_o right_n do_v contribute_v to_o the_o deed_n of_o the_o rest_n though_o some_o of_o they_o be_v omit_v to_o be_v repeat_v in_o the_o procuratory_n instrument_n of_o resgination_n or_o infeftment_n follow_v thereupon_o the_o deed_n will_v be_v valid_a but_o it_o be_v safe_a to_o repeat_v their_o consent_n in_o the_o resignation_n and_o infeftment_n 8._o infeftment_n be_v also_o extinct_a when_o the_o superior_a adjudge_v or_o apprise_v from_o his_o vassal_n for_o thereby_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o property_n be_v consolidat_fw-la with_o the_o superiority_n spot_n apprise_v stevinson_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o craigmillar_n or_o if_o the_o superior_a succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o the_o vassal_n in_o which_o case_n though_o the_o superior_a upon_o supplication_n obtain_v precept_n out_o of_o the_o chancelary_a to_o infeft_v he_o in_o the_o fee_n it_o be_v think_v as_o superior_a he_o may_v have_v infeft_v himself_o as_o vassal_n but_o he_o will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o secure_a by_o a_o declarator_n of_o consolidation_n upon_o the_o superior_n special_a retour_fw-fr as_o heir_n to_o his_o vassal_n in_o the_o land_n because_o that_o way_n will_v make_v a_o defect_n in_o the_o security_n of_o land-rights_a by_o the_o negister_n in_o which_o decreet_n of_o consolidation_n be_v not_o require_v to_o be_v record_v whereas_o the_o superior_n seasine_n either_o on_o the_o king_n precept_n or_o his_o own_o behove_v to_o be_v registrat_n and_o if_o the_o superior_a acquire_v the_o property_n by_o apprife_v or_o adjudication_n the_o allowance_n thereof_o must_v also_o be_v registrate_n the_o the_o like_a effect_n will_v follow_v if_o the_o vassal_n become_v heir_n or_o singular_a successor_n to_o the_o superior_a whereby_o be_v infeft_v in_o the_o superiority_n he_o may_v as_o vassal_n resign_v to_o himself_o as_o superior_a ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la 9_o it_o be_v more_o disputable_a how_o and_o under_o what_o consideration_n fee_n be_v extinct_a otherways_o then_o by_o consent_n some_o hold_n that_o they_o be_v extinct_a by_o the_o attrocious_a delinquency_n of_o the_o vassal_n against_o the_o superior_a as_o the_o penalty_n or_o punishment_n thereof_o and_o other_o conceive_v that_o acknowledgement_n and_o fidelity_n be_v necessary_o involve_v in_o all_o fee_n as_o be_v show_v before_o though_o it_o be_v not_o express_v so_o this_o be_v employ_v as_o a_o legal_a resolutive_a or_o irritant_fw-la clause_n that_o if_o the_o vassal_n failie_a in_o his_o duty_n his_o fee_n become_v void_a and_o other_o hold_v that_o fee_n be_v of_o their_o own_o nature_n gratuitous_a even_o though_o there_o be_v a_o cause_n onerous_a yet_o they_o retain_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o donation_n and_o therefore_o as_o all_o donation_n be_v revocable_a propter_fw-la ingratitudinem_fw-la so_o be_v these_o which_o soever_o of_o these_o be_v the_o ground_n the_o consequence_n and_o effect_n be_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n but_o i_o incline_v to_o the_o middle_a opinion_n for_o unless_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o law_n that_o the_o penalty_n of_o that_o delinquence_n be_v such_o and_o so_o apply_v it_o will_v hardly_o be_v consistent_a upon_o that_o ground_n see_v otherways_o as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o of_o delinquence_n the_o punishment_n be_v public_a and_o will_v belong_v to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o therefore_o for_o several_a delinquency_n forfeiture_n of_o fee_n be_v introduce_v without_o benefit_n to_o the_o superior_a who_o as_o a_o private_a party_n can_v have_v no_o more_o but_o a_o reparation_n equivalent_a to_o the_o damnage_n sustain_v by_o he_o and_o so_o the_o alienation_n of_o the_o fee_n without_o his_o consent_n or_o encroach_a upon_o the_o border_n of_o his_o property_n will_v not_o infer_v for_o its_o reparation_n the_o return_n of_o the_o fee_n how_o great_a soever_o and_o for_o the_o last_o though_o fee_n of_o their_o nature_n be_v gratuitous_a yet_o they_o be_v ofttimes_o for_o a_o equivalent_a price_n and_o so_o the_o less_o ingratitude_n can_v be_v allege_v yea_o though_o it_o be_v true_a si_fw-mi ingratum_fw-la dixeris_fw-la omne_fw-la dixeris_fw-la yet_o fidelity_n and_o trust_n be_v a_o much_o strong_a bond_n than_o gratitude_n and_o the_o breach_n thereof_o have_v the_o most_o powerful_a consequence_n betray_v of_o trust_n be_v most_o hurtful_a and_o hateful_a to_o mankind_n and_o therefore_o see_v fidelity_n be_v necessary_o and_o proper_o in_o all_o fee_n and_o be_v essential_a thereto_o and_o inseparable_a therefrom_o it_o look_v like_a the_o sure_a ground_n from_o whence_o the_o eviction_n hereof_o may_v flow_v and_o if_o it_o be_v true_o gratuitous_a it_o be_v a_o aggravate_v circumstance_n make_v the_o deed_n more_o odious_a but_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o the_o deed_n must_v be_v of_o knowledge_n moment_n and_o attrocity_n though_o there_o be_v many_o such_o heap_v up_o by_o the_o feudist_n yet_o many_o of_o they_o have_v no_o place_n with_o we_o where_o both_o such_o deed_n be_v rare_a and_o therefore_o the_o decision_n thereupon_o be_v few_o and_o certain_o our_o fee_n be_v ordinary_o onerous_a be_v not_o evacuate_v but_o by_o such_o as_o be_v either_o name_v and_o know_v in_o law_n or_o which_o be_v very_o attrocious_a there_o be_v three_o such_o way_n of_o extinction_n which_o have_v peculiar_a name_n in_o law_n recognition_n disclamation_n and_o purpresture_n of_o which_o therefore_o in_o the_o next_o place_n recognition_n be_v the_o superior_n return_v to_o own_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o all_o the_o way_n by_o which_o it_o return_v through_o the_o vassal_n infidelity_n as_o be_v hereafter_o express_v but_o the_o least_o culpable_a and_o yet_o most_o ordinary_a way_n of_o incur_v recognition_n be_v by_o the_o vassal_n dispone_v irredeemable_o or_o under_o reversion_n his_o fee_n hold_v ward_n for_o by_o this_o he_o render_v himself_o incapable_a to_o serve_v his_o superior_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n renunce_n and_o disclaim_v he_o this_o kind_n of_o alienation_n make_v recognition_n of_o ward-land_n but_o fee_n feu_fw-fr or_o blensh_fw-mi do_v not_o recognosce_fw-la by_o such_o alienation_n but_o by_o the_o attrocious_a infidelity_n of_o the_o vassal_n 10._o the_o near_a cause_n of_o recognition_n be_v the_o vassal_n alienation_n of_o the_o fee_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a which_o be_v a_o legal_a clause_n irritant_fw-la employ_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o proper_a fee_n or_o ward-holdings_a though_o it_o be_v not_o express_v that_o though_o the_o vassal_n alienat_fw-la the_o fee_n it_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o
custom_n rule_v ordinary_o according_a to_o the_o feudal-book_n the_o doubt_n remain_v which_o may_v be_v clear_v thus_o first_o though_o in_o some_o case_n alienation_n be_v extend_v to_o location_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o by_o the_o common_a feudal_a custom_n second_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v a_o real_a feu-ferm_a whereby_o the_o feu-duty_n be_v considerable_a and_o competent_a to_o entertain_v the_o vassal_n such_o subfeudation_a be_v thereby_o account_v only_a lacation_n nor_o do_v it_o infer_v recognition_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o than_o a_o perpetual_a location_n whereby_o the_o antinomy_n in_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v sufficient_o reconcile_v that_o such_o sub-feudations_a be_v not_o alienation_n but_o if_o the_o subfeudation_a be_v ward_n blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n or_o though_o it_o be_v under_o the_o name_n of_o emphyteosis_n yet_o for_o a_o elusory_a or_o a_o inconsiderable_a and_o unproportionable_a feu-duty_n which_o by_o no_o estimation_n can_v be_v correspodent_a to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o within_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a worth_n in_o these_o case_n the_o subfeudation_a be_v alienation_n infer_v recognition_n 14._o as_o to_o our_o own_o custom_n in_o this_o point_n they_o do_v agree_v to_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n as_o to_o subaltern_n infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi ward_n or_o in_o mortification_n or_o elusory_a or_o unprofitable_a feus_n but_o as_o to_o feve_n by_o which_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o ward_n or_o fee_n be_v not_o take_v away_o though_o such_o case_n have_v not_o occur_v to_o be_v controvert_v they_o seem_v not_o to_o infer_v recognition_n for_o if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v subaltern_n infeudation_n though_o blensh_fw-mi or_o in_o mortification_n infer_v not_o recognition_n when_o these_o right_n be_v disjunctim_fw-la of_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n there_o appear_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o subfeudation_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o a_o feu-duty_n equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o true_a rent_n whereby_o in_o effect_n the_o half_a be_v not_o alienate_v see_v the_o dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la of_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o half_a be_v retain_v shall_v infer_v recognition_n especial_o now_o when_o general_o fee_n be_v grant_v for_o cause_n onerous_a 15._o and_o by_o the_o statute_n allow_v feve_n par._n 1457._o cap._n 72._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o feu_fw-fr be_v set_v to_o a_o competent_a avail_n which_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v clear_v to_o be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a and_o which_o be_v common_o interpret_v the_o retoure_n duty_n because_o it_o be_v the_o public_a valuation_n and_o rate_n at_o that_o time_n and_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n such_o feve_n be_v confirm_v and_o declare_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o ward_n without_o mention_n of_o the_o hazard_n of_o recognition_n as_o not_o be_v consequent_a upon_o such_o feve_n but_o this_o statute_n be_v abrogate_v as_o to_o the_o liege_n par._n 18._o ja._n 6._o cap._n 12._o all_o sub-feves_a of_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o subject_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n be_v declare_v null_n and_o void_a but_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o recognition_n to_o be_v incur_v thereby_o and_o feve_n be_v only_o prohibit_v as_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o over-lord_n who_o be_v not_o prejudge_v if_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o alienate_v see_v all_o subaltern_n infeftment_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a be_v allow_v by_o law_n and_o albeit_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n respect_n feve_v precede_v it_o yet_o the_o statutory_a part_n be_v only_o as_o to_o feve_v grant_v thereafter_o and_o the_o like_a prohibition_n be_v appoint_v for_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n vassal_n par._n 1633._o cap._n 16._o the_o effect_n of_o this_o act_n as_o to_o the_o vassal_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o next_o meeting_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o vassal_n exempt_v therefrom_o in_o the_o interim_n par._n 1640._o cap._n 36._o and_o the_o say_a act_n be_v whole_o repeal_v par._n 1641._o cap._n 58._o and_o so_o remain_v until_o all_o these_o parliament_n be_v rescind_v see_v the_o private_a right_n of_o party_n acquire_v thereby_o by_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o but_o it_o have_v be_v find_v that_o alienation_n during_o these_o act_n now_o rescind_v and_o during_o the_o usurpation_n when_o ward_n be_v discharge_v do_v infer_v recognition_n see_v the_o vassal_n do_v not_o seek_v confirmation_n after_o the_o king_n return_n december_n 15._o 1669._o maitland_n of_o pittrichy_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o gight_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o the_o recognition_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o sir_n george_n kinard_n contra_fw-la the_o vassal_n of_o the_o lord_n grace_n the_o like_a though_o the_o base_a infeftment_n infer_v recognitien_n be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o when_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n then_o stand_v allow_v such_o infeftment_n see_v after_o rescind_v that_o statute_n no_o application_n be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n for_o confirmation_n january_n 7._o 1676._o cockburn_n of_o riselaw_n conira_fw-la cockburn_n of_o chouslie_o but_o recognition_n be_v exclude_v where_o the_o vassal_n require_v the_o superior_a to_o confirm_v the_o subaltern_a right_n debito_fw-la tempore_fw-la or_o do_v purge_v the_o same_o by_o procure_v resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la to_o himself_o from_o the_o sub-vassal_n february_n 12._o 1674._o viscount_n of_o kilsyth_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n of_o bardowie_a but_o recognition_n be_v not_o find_v against_o a_o pupil_n upon_o his_o tutor_n take_v infeftment_n for_o he_o during_o the_o usurpation_n july_n 15._o 1669._o jack_n contra_fw-la jack_n whereby_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o feve_n have_v no_o effect_n against_o the_o superior_a as_o to_o the_o ward_n nonentry_n more_o than_o tack_n 16._o whether_o the_o alienation_n be_v by_o infeftment_n hold_v from_o or_o of_o the_o vassal_n there_o be_v no_o recognition_n with_o we_o except_o in_o ward-holdings_a yea_o if_o the_o hold_v be_v dubious_a and_o soa_o probable_a ground_n of_o error_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o be_v a_o payment_n of_o money_n in_o the_o reddendo_fw-la with_o service_n use_v and_o wont_a which_o though_o true_o ward_n yet_o because_o the_o payment_n of_o money_n may_v render_v it_o dubious_a craig_n hold_v in_o the_o say_v dieg._n l._n 3._o that_o it_o will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o give_v ground_n to_o think_v that_o alienation_n of_o land_n taxt-ward_n will_v excuse_v from_o recognition_n because_o ward_n be_v more_o clear_a and_o express_v nominatim_fw-la in_o that_o case_n in_o itself_o for_o the_o casualty_n thereof_o be_v tax_v as_o the_o marriage_n and_o ward-duty_n which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v but_o a_o liquidation_n or_o location_n of_o these_o casualty_n when_o they_o occur_v and_o no_o alteration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o say_a pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o lady_n carnagie_n contra_fw-la the_o lord_n cranburn_n it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o recognition_n that_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v 17._o it_o be_v also_o clear_a that_o alienation_n whether_o by_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o or_o from_o the_o vassal_n not_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n infer_v not_o recognition_n so_o much_o be_v indulge_v to_o the_o vassal_n for_o his_o conveniency_n or_o necessity_n but_o if_o together_o or_o by_o parcel_n or_o by_o annualrent_a the_o major_a part_n be_v alienat_fw-la not_o only_o that_o which_o then_o be_v in_o the_o vassal_n person_n fall_v under_o recognition_n but_o as_o craig_n hold_v in_o the_o forecited_a place_n dieg._n 3._o l._n 3._o even_o the_o whole_a fee_n so_o that_o parcel_n alienat_fw-la valid_o but_o without_o the_o superior_n consent_v before_o become_v void_a and_o return_v but_o though_o the_o vassal_n grant_v infeftment_n exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o fee_n yet_o if_o some_o of_o they_o be_v extinct_a before_o other_o be_v grant_v so_o that_o there_o be_v at_o no_o time_n right_n stand_v together_o exceed_v the_o half_a of_o the_o see_v recognition_n be_v not_o incur_v february_n 23._o 1681._o john_n hay_o contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o muirie_n but_o deed_n do_v by_o predecessor_n and_o their_o heir_n or_o author_n and_o their_o successor_n be_v in_o that_o case_n conjoin_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o infeftment_n of_o the_o see_v in_o liferent_a will_v not_o infer_v recognition_n because_o it_o exceed_v not_o the_o half_a of_o the_o value_n yea_o recognition_n be_v find_v not_o incur_v by_o grant_v a_o infeftment_n in_o warrandice_n for_o warrandice_n be_v but_o a_o hazard_n in_o case_n of_o eviction_n not_o equivalent_a to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n grant_v in_o warrandice_n unless_o the_o right_n of_o the_o principal_a land_n be_v manifeft_o defective_a feb._n 21._o 1623._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la