he may deceive himself by his spirit he shall not deceive me The other way of the Spirits leading is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. not by revealing any thing to us but by co-operating with us by fortifying the soul and the faculties of it to all supernatural actions by assistance of grace to inlighten the understanding to comprehend divine truth to inflame the affections with the love of it to support our endeavours in all difficulties and temptations To this assistance of the Spirit all the faithful have a right And though in this way the Spirit cannot deceive us yet we may be deceived in it because it never works but with us if we fail in what we are to do then that fails us And by this way not only private persons but publick Councels are governed To whom the Spirit doth not reveal the matter of their Decrees 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but by way of co-operation assists their indeavours to find out the truth from the proper Topicks of it the Scripture and Antiquity for so all the force of their decrees depends upon the reason and grounds upon which they are made For if any Councel might pretend to that other way of revelation sure that first famous Apostolical Councel might Act. 15. But that did not otherwise determine the matter in controversy then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acts 15.7 v. 7. when there had been much debate and disquisition out of the Scriptures were the decrees made and sign'd accordingly It seemed good to the Holy Ghost and to us Verse 28. The Apostles and Elders were in joynt commission with the Spirit the same Lord that sent the Spirit sent the Apostles also and therefore no contradiction to be led by the Spirit and by the Shepherds too THE fourth and last leader which is brought in to avoid the Shepherds is the CONSCIENCE This is the Presbyterians strongest fort against Obedience If he can get his Conscience about him he thinks himself so safe that he may bid defiance to all Authority In the Commission of leaders I confess as I said the Conscience to be of the Quorum We are to do nothing without it and much less against it But then we must be sure we mistake not somewhat else for the Conscience Every disease and distemper of the mind causless scruple slight perswasion groundless fear is not the Conscience against which we are bound not to act The tender Conscience for which so much favour is pleaded may prove in some no better then a disease of the Soul a spiritual Splene For though it be good to be tender of offending God in any thing where it proceeds from the good temper and constitution of the soul which is the same constantly in all cases and is not affected or taken up for a purpose as the sturdy begger carries his arm in a string that it may be a Patent to beg and be idle You may know it certainly to be a disease if it comes upon us by fits and starts as to be tender of offending God when we obey men and not to be tender of offending God when we disobey them If they be not as tender of one side as of another as I never find them to be it is but a Paralitick Conscience that is dead of one side For tell him the Church commands it he presently shrinks and startles at it and well so for possibly he may sin against God But tell him on the other side that God commands obedience to those that rule over us it moves him not at all you may thrust a needle into his side and he feels it not It shews plainly the Conscience hath a dead Palsy on that side But a right and sound Conscience against which certainly we ought not to act is a constant and well governed judgment for not to amuse you as the manner is with frivolous distinctions and definitions of Conscience in this case the Conscience is nothing but every mans private judgment for he ought not to attempt the doing of any thing till he hath framed this judgment to himself that it is lawful for him to do it Now seeing our private judgment hath so great power and influence as to interrupt the course of publick it had need be a true and regular judgment As first It must not be arbitrary for that we think we have reason to decline in the publick Magistrate to govern by Will and not by Law Many a Conscience if it were well examined will prove to be nothing but will not judgement Every good judgment is upon a full hearing of the cause of both sides all evidences duly weighed and examined then resolves this is a Conscience against which we ought not to act though possibly it might prove to be erroneous yet for all that we must know that it doth not set us free from the guilt of disobeying our Governors And then this is all the benefit our Conscience will do us in case of error that it casts us into a necessity of sinning by obeying against our selves by disobeying against our Governors We shall do well therefore to take care that we make not every slight perswasion doubt or scruple a Conscience trusting to be discharged of our obedience by that which indeed binds it faster upon us for that is the very end and benefit for which is instituted the Pastoral charge that when we are so weak we can not safely trust our selves we may rely upon that unless we think it a good plea I am blind and therefore I will not be led I am weak and sickly and therefore I will not be rul'd by the Physitian Now to sum up all if not Reason nor Scripture nor the Spirit nor Conscience will discharge us of the duty we owe to the Church in the name of God let us not rashly fling away so great a blessing that in all our doubts and fears for our quiet and security we may have recourse to the Shepherds and Bishops of our Souls THis is the last point the Shepherds Flock or the Bishops Diocess the Souls of men And here we meet with another quarrel from the Presbytery That they may be sure to spoil the Bishops of all authority they take away their Diocess the cure of Souls that they may be Bishops sine titulo for Bishops they are not either of our bodies or estates And why not of our Souls Christ indeed the great Shepherd that purchased them may rule them but they are too precious for any other Shepherds to Lord over which they say is done by binding the Souls with church-Church-laws and censures which Christ hath set at liberty And thus they set up Christ against himself and Christian liberty against Christian duty S. Paul I confess doth earnestly press this point of liberty Gal. 5.1 Stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free and be not intangled again with the yoak of bondage But what liberty It is not simply
which thou hast heard from me and because their Gospel did not agree to that he chargeth him to avoid it So should we do too with such a Gospel as will not stand within our form of wholesom words Or if it be such as was preached here for twenty years together we have little reason to be fond of it or any pains that is taken about it If they will not hear the Churches Gospel what reason hath the Church to hear theirs To end my first point If it was wisdom in St. Paul to commend a form of words and in the whole Catholick Church to use one if the same was practis'd by every reformed Church and all that people might with peace and security know what to hear I do not understand what wisdom it can be to lay all common again for any mans pleasure for this is to legitimate Schism and entail division to the Church for ever As you love your selves your quiet and look to receive benefit by the immortal seed of Gods Word if you would be good Christians that is be advised by Christ and in that way which all Christians have used to Take heed what you hear WE come now to the second point of our care Take heed how you hear and this no less necessary than the former for when we have provided for the Matter what we hear we may yet offend in the Manner how and so lose the benefit of both That which is here set down in proper words is by our Saviour illustrated in a Similitude verse 21. Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel or under a bed and not to be set on a Candlestick that is and so St. Luke expresses it A candle is not brought to be put under a Bushel but to be set on a Candlestick This makes two points in the manner of our hearing one negative that we do not so hear Gods Word that we put it under a Bushel another affirmative that we set it on a Candlestick For the first Gods Word is a light we can do nothing more contrary to light than to hide it to put it under a Bushel i.e. to do any thing that will intercept the light and benefit of it Now this may be done several ways First By perverting the proper end and use of hearing Hearing Gods word is certainly a good point of Religion for it is a duty commanded verse 23. If any man have ears to hear let him hear yet if he hear as he should he must not mistake one kind of duty for another Duties are of divers kinds some essential parts of Religion some instrumental and some both The two chief duties of this time fasting and hearing are instrumental onely That Fasting is so we learn from St. Paul The Kingdom of Heaven is not meat and drink i.e. consists not in it yet if well used is a help to it Instrumenti vis in usu consistit If fasting attains not the end and use of it it is good for nothing not to be reckon'd in the order of Religious duties So hearing Gods Word if it work no amendment in us is but a Cypher alone that stands for nothing no better than a Candle under a Bushel When hearing is not it self doth not the own duty we are extreamly mistaken if we make it serve for any other Hearing doth edifie help to the building but as an Instrument not as Stone and Timber the essential parts of it The Ax and the Hammer the Square and the Level are instruments without which there can be no building but we would think him mad that should therefore lay them in the Walls or the Foundation They are as much guilty of folly who make their ordinary worship of God to be nothing but to go hear the Sermon yea and the extraordinary a solemn Fast and Humiliation to hear a Sermon A publick Thanksgiving to hear a Sermon and that is all If any business extraordinary fall out whereunto we think fit by our Devotion to ingage Gods blessing and protection all we do for his sake we sit and hear a Sermon If the Sermon doth the work of an instrument it is well to fit and enable us to perform those duties it self is neither stick nor stone in the Building We must not think all is done when the Sermon is done Instruments are of an indifferent nature may be well or ill used so are not essentials as Faith Repentance and Charity are constantly the same Fasting I said was an instrumental duty and so was as well us'd for strife and debate as for Humiliation and Repentance We may remember many of those fighting Fasts He that hew'd Timber before out of the thick Trees was known to bring it to an excellent work Psal 74. but now they break down all the carved works thereof with Axes and Hammers that is with the same tools that built it As Sermons are instruments to build up at another time they pull down as fast It is therefore very necessary we take heed how we hear them As we must not mistake in the kind of the duty an instrumental for an essential so nor in the kind of the Instrument for some are natural as the eye is of seeing the ear of hearing these naturally do their work Others positive of Divine Institution which have no vertue or power but from that and such are the Sacraments I confess I never heard any say that hearing of Gods Word was a Sacrament of Faith yet I know there is more vertue ascrib'd to it than natural and by some more than Sacramental for no Sacrament they think effectual without a Sermon If there be a mistake in the manner and kind of operation in the Instrument it will prove another putting the Candle under a Bushel I hope you will not think it a fruitless curiosity to enquire a little farther into it Hearing and Preaching both for they always go together are so proper to the Gospel that by them it is distinguished from the Law for St. Paul arguing for the Christian Faith against the Jewish calls it the Hearing of Faith Gal. 3.2 He that ministreth to the spirit and worketh miracles among you doth he it by the works of the Law or by the hearing of Faith The like propriety in the Gospel hath preaching for whatsoever way the wisdom of the world may take It pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe 1 Cor. 1.21 And thus by way of distinction the Gospel is call'd the ministration of the Spirit because preached by inspiration of the Spirit and the Law the ministration of the Letter because given in writing 2 Cor. 3.6 Who hath made us Ministers of the New Testament 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not of the Letter but of the Spirit But was there then no hearing nor preaching under the Law That cannot be said neither They have Moses and the Prophets saith Abraham to Dives let them hear them And the Priest's lips
from obedience either to men or Laws for that were destructive to Humane Society as well as Religion What then is it It is no more then that Christians have a liberty not to be Jews I dare be bold to say this is all that can be made of it And the reason why S. Paul did so earnestly press it is evident The Jews that were willing enough to entertain the doctrine of Christ yet were not so easily drawn to part with those Rites and Ceremonies to which they had been so long accustomed and upon so good authority To humour these Simon Magus and his Disciples set up a medly of both Religions that they might be Christs Disciples and Moses too Against this doctrine S. Paul sets himself especially in his Epistles to the Romans and Galatians If they have taken upon them to be Christians let them stand to that and not look back again to the flesh having begun in the Spirit For behold Gal. 3.3 I Paul say unto you if ye be circumcised Christ shall profit you nothing To claim from hence liberty from any other men or laws then the Jews Gal. 5.2 they might as well say Christ hath here given them liberty not to be Christians For Christians we cannot be unless we obey the Laws and Government of those that Christ hath set over us To use our liberty in this case our Apostle in the 16. verse of this Chap. hath adjudged it to be no better then a cloak of malitiousness 1 Pet. 2. And for those Consciences which are so tender that every Church-law pinches and galls them they do without reluctance bind their own Souls Every private man can do that which we will not indure the Church should do He that promiseth any thing is bound in conscience to perform it though before he took that bond upon him he had his Christian liberty not to do it Before Ananias promised to sell his estate and give it to the Church he was free S. Peter told him so Was it not in thine own power Acts 5.4 Yet after that it was not in his power to make use of that liberty for his conscience was bound And if a promise may do this much more a vow or an oath If a man vow a vow unto the Lord or swear an oath to bind his Soul Num. 30.2 Numb 30.2 the Soul may be bound he shall not break his word he shall do according to all that proceedeth out of his mouth If a man should be so unreasonable as to say his conscience may be bound by himself but not by any else Do not they themselves as their manner is in their Sermons bind over their hearers to answer for them at the day of judgment and what a heap and load of Sermons must then ly upon their Consciences though the truth is they bind none but themselves and that to repent for corrupting Gods Word and misleading the people into Faction Sedition and Disobedience to say no worse Let us seriously consider and compare that which they would avoid with that which they indeavour to set up in the room of it They would avoid first the power of the Church in her Laws and Censures as a domineering over mens consciences and a lording it over Gods inheritance But if they look upon it with an impartial eye they shall find all contrary nothing but moderation as first in the very stile of the Church that there might be no harsh words The laws by which they govern are not call'd laws but canons that is rules to guide rather then sorce 2. Church-punishments are not call'd poenae but censurae not that they are sweetned with good words only but with real benefit for they are not as temporal punishments ad vindictam but ad disciplinam for the amendment not revenge of sin 3. The temporal judge if not Soveraign cannot pardon the felony though he would The Ecclesiastical judge cannot but pardon though he would not Ecclesia non claudit gremium redeuntibus is a rule in the Court Christian The Church refuseth none that will return and repent There is no such rule in secular Courts that the thief or murtherer upon repentance may be pardoned And by Church-Canons in elder times it was deemed an irregularity to be present at a sentence of blood Not that it is a crime to be so but as the Canon speaks propter defectum lenitatis that nothing in them might seem to be of harshness or cruelty The highest and most terrible of all Church-censures of which men seem to be most impatient how harmless and gentle is it Excommunication If he be not guilty clavibus errantibus he is never the worse for it the bonds fall off themselves if he be guilty he may be the better for it if he will When S. Paul judged the incestuous Corinthian to be delivered unto Satan 1 Cor. 1.3 and this was thought to be Excommunication and somewhat more yet this was for his benefit for the destruction of the flesh Verse 5. that the spirit might be saved in the day of our Lord Jesus verse 5. What is there in all this that should fright us from our obedience But now let us see what on the other side they would set up in the room of this A liberty of Conscience forsooth from the fetters of laws that they might not serve God in bonds like slaves but freely That they may preach what they will and as long as they will That they may pray how they will and fast when they will That they may stand and kneel where and when they will Indeed a true arbitrary Will-worship instead of a lawful orderly serving of God a confusion of all But they hold themselves wrong'd to be charged with will-worship for that they do all by Reason and the Scripture and the Spirit Yet for all that pretense they are still under that charge because all these are at their own wills what sectary is there that with a wet finger cannot nay doth not challenge Reason the Scripture the Spirit and Conscience to be for him when he will And why do they allow these to guide them and not the Shepherds but because these are at their beck and will but the Shepherds are not And therefore because they cannot command them they would be rid of them that so they might without control Lord it as they will But I shall trouble you no longer with our Shepherds or their Adversaries but for a conclusion and caution reflect upon our selves for though Christ hath committed the cure of our souls to others he hath not taken it from our selves The Shepherds were given for a help to ease us in it not to ease us of it Every one may and must be by a concurrent care a Shepherd and Bishop to himself and then here I shall take leave only to put you in mind of your Diocess your Souls that ye be not our Apostles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉