it And to keepe it from relaxing the Stomach too much you must put in a little Powder of Cinnamon The Yolkes of Eggs are of themselues so well prepared by Nature for Nourishment As so they be Potched or Reare boiled they need no other Preparation or Mixture yet they may be taken also rawe when they are new laid with Malmesey or Sweet wine You shall doe well to put in some few Slices of Eryngium Roots and a little Amber-grice For by this meanes besides the immediate Facultie of Nourishment such Drinke will strengthen the Backe So that it will not draw downe the Vrine too fast For too much Vrine doth alwaies hinder Nourishment Mincing of meat as in Pies and buttered Minced Meat saueth the Grinding of the Teeth And therefore no doubt it is more Nourishing Especially in Age Or to them that haue weake Toeth But the Butter is not so proper for weake Bodies And therfore it were good to moisten it with a little Claret wine Pill of Limon or Orenge cut small Sugar and a very little Cinnamon or Nutmegg As for Chaetts which are likewise minced Meat in stead of Butter and Fat it were good to moisten them partly with Creame or Almond or Pistachomilke or Barly or Maiz Creame Adding a little Coriander Seed and Carraway Seed and a very little Saffron The more full Handling of Alimentation we reserue to the due place Wee haue hitherto handled the Particulars which yeeld best and easiest and plentifullest Nourishment And now we will speake of the best Meanes of Conueying and Conuerting the Nourishment The First Meanes is to procure that the Nourishment may not be robbed and drawen away wherin that which we haue already said is very Materiall To prouide that the Reines draw not too strongly an ouer-great Part of the Bloud into Vrine To this adde that Precept of Aristotle that Wine be forborne in all Consumptions For that the Spirits of the Wine doe prey vpon the Roseide Iuyce of the Body and inter-common with the Spirits of the Body and so deceiue and robbe them of their Nourishment And therefore if the Consumption growing from the weaknes of the Stomach doe force you to vse Wine let it alwaies be burnt that the Quicker Spirits may euaporate or at the least quenched with two little wedges of Gold six or seuen times repeated Adde also this Prouision That there be not too much Expence of the Nourishment by Exhaling and Sweating And therfore if the Patient be apt to sweat it must be gently restrained But chiefly Hippocrates Rule is to bee followed who aduiseth quite contrary to that which is in vse Namely that the Linnen or Garment next the Flesh be in Winter drie and oft changed And in Sommer seldome changed and smeared ouer with Oyle For certaine it is that any Substance that is fat doth a little fill the Pores of the Body and stay Sweat in some Degree But the more cleanly way is to haue the Linnen smeared lightly ouer with Oyle of Sweet Almonds And not to forbeare shifting as oft as is fit The Second Meanes is to send forth the Nourishment into the Parts more strongly For which the working must be by Strengthening of the Stomach And in this because the Stomach is chiefly comforted by Wine and Hot things which otherwise hurt it is good to resort to Outward Applications to the Stomach Wherin it hath beene tried that the Quilts of Roses Spices Mastick Wormewood Mint c. are nothing so helpfull as to take a Cake of New bread and to bedew it with a little Sack or Alegant And to drie it And after it be dried a little before the Fire to put it within a cleane Napkin and to lay it to the Stomach For it is certaine that all Flower hath a potent Vertue of Astriction In so much as it hardeneth a peece of flesh or a Flower that is laid in it And therefore a Bagge quilted with Bran is likewise very good but it drieth somewhat too much and therefore it must not lye long The Third Meanes which may be a Branch of the former is to send forth the Nourishment the better by Sleepe For we see that Beares and other Creatures that sleepe in the Winter wax exceeding fat And certaine it is as it is commonly beleeued that Sleepe doth Nourish much Both for that the Spirits do lesse spend the Nourishment in Sleepe then when liuing Creatures are awake And because that which is to the present purpose it helpeth to thrust out the Nourishment into the Parts Therefore in Aged men and weake Bodies and such as abound not with Choller a short Sleepe after dinner doth helpe to Nourish For in such Bodies there is no feare of an ouer-hastie Disgestion which is the Inconuenience of Postmeridian Sleepes Sleepe also in the Morning after the taking of somewhat of easie Digestion As Milke from the Cow Nourishing Breth or the like doth further Nourishment But this would bee done sitting vpright that the Milke or Broth may passe the more speedily to the bottome of the Stomach The Fourth Meanes is to prouide that the Parts themselues may draw to them the Nourishment strongly There is an Excellent Obseruation of Aristotle That a great Reason why Plants some of them are of greater Age than Liuing Creatures is for that they yearely put forth new Leaues and Boughes whereas Liuing Creatures put forth after their Period of Growth nothing that is young but Haire and Nailes which are Excrements and no Parts And it is most certaine that whatsoeuer is young doth draw Nourishment better than that which is Old And then that which is the Mystery of that Obseruation young Boughes and Leaues calling the Sap vp to them the same Nourisheth the Body in the Passage And this we see notably proued also in that the oft Cutting or Polling of Hedges Trees and Herbs doth conduce much to their Lasting Transferre therefore this Obseruation to the Helping of Nourishment in Liuing Creatures The Noblest and Principall Vse whereof is for the Prolongation of Life Restauration of some Degree of Youth and Inteneration of the Parts For certaine it is that there are in Liuing Creatures Parts that Nourish and Repaire easily And Parts that Nourish and repaire hardly And you must refresh and renew those that are easie to Nourish that the other may be refreshed and as it were Drinke in Nourishment in the Passage Now wee see that Draught Oxen put into good Pasture recouer the Flesh of young Beese And Men after long Emaciating Diets wax plumpe and fat and almost New So that you may surely conclude that the frequent and wise Vse of those Emaciating Diets and of Purgings And perhaps of some kinde of Bleeding is a principall Meanes of Prolongation of Life and Restoring some Degree of Youth For as we haue often said Death commeth vpon Liuing Creatures like the Torment of McZentius Mortua quinetiam iungebat Corporavinis Componens Manibusque Manus atque Oribus Ora. For the
may leade to this great Effect And wee commend the wit of the Chineses who despaire of Making of Gold but are Mad vpon the Making of Siluer For certaine it is that it is more difficult to make Gold which is the most Ponderous and Materiate amongst Metalls of other Metalls lesse Ponderous and lesse Materiate than viâ versâ to make Siluer of Lead or Quick-Siluer Both which are more Ponderous than Siluer So that they need rather a further Degree of Fixation than any Condensation In the meanetime by Occasion of Handling the Axiomes touching Maturation we will direct a Triall touching the Maturing of Metalls and therby Turning some of them into Gold For we conceiue indeed that a perfect good Concoction or Disgestion or Maturation of some Metalls will produce Gold And here we call to minde that wee knew a Dutch-man that had wrought himselfe into the beleese of a great Person by vndertaking that he could make Gold Whose discourse was that Gold might be made But that the Alchymists Ouer-fired the Worke For he said the Making of Gold did require a very temperate Heat as being in Nature a Subterrany worke where little Heat commeth But yet more to the Making of Gold than of any other Metall And therefore that he would doe it with a great Lampe that should carry a Temperate and Equall Heat And that it was the Worke of many Moneths The Deuice of the Lampe was folly But the Ouer-firing now vsed And the Equall Heat to be required And the Making it a Worke of some good Time are no ill Discourses We resort therefore to our Axiomes of Maturation in Effect touched before The First is that there be vsed a Temporate Heat For they are euer Temperate Heats that Disgest and Mature Wherein we meane Temperate according to the Nature of the Subiect For that may be Temperate to Fruits and Liquours which will not worke at all vpon Metalls The Second is that the Spirit of the Metall be quickened and the Tangible Parts opened For without those two Operations the Spirit of the Metall wrought vpon will not be able to disgest the Parts The Third is that the Spirits doe spread themselues Euen and moue not Subsultorily For that will make the Parts Close and Pliant And this requireth a Heat that doth not rise and fall but continue as Equall as may be The Fourth is that no Part of the Spirit be emitted but detained For if there be Emission of Spirit the Body of the Metall will be Hard and Churlish And this will be performed partly by the Temper of the Fire And partly by the closenesse of the Vessell The Fifth is that there be Choice made of the likeliest and best Prepared Metall for the Version For that will facilitate the Worke. The Sixth is that you giue Time enough for the Worke Not to prolong Hopes as the Alchymists doe but indeed to giue Nature a conuenient Space to worke in These Principles are most certaine and true Wee will now deriue a direction of Triall out of them Which may perhaps by further Meditation be improued Let there be a Small Furnace made of a Temperate Heat Let the Heat be such as may keepe the Metall perpetually Moulten and no more For that aboue all importeth to the Worke. For the Materiall take Siluer which is the Metall that in Nature Symbolizeth most with Gold Put in also with the Siluer a Tenth Part of Quick-siluer and a Twelfth Part of Nitre by weight Both these to quicken and open the Body of the Metall And so let the Worke be continued by the Space of Six Moneths at the least I wish also that there be at some times an Iniection of some Oyled Substance Such as they vse in the Recouering of Gold which by Vexing with Separations hath beene made Churlish And this is to lay the Parts more Close and Smooth which is the Maine Worke. For Gold as we see is the Closest and therefore the Heauiest of Metalls And is likewise the most Flexible and Tensible Note that to thinke to make Gold of Quick-Siluer because it is the heauiest is a Thing not to be hoped For Quick-Siluer will not endure the Mannage of the Fire Next to Siluer I thinke Copper were fittest to bee the Materiall Gold hath these Natures Greatnesse of Weight Closenesse of Parts Fixation pliantâ—esse or Softnesse Immunity from Rust Colour or Tincture of Yellow Therfore the Sure Way though most about to make Gold is to know the Causes of the Seuerall Natures before rehearsed and the Axiomes concerning the same For if a Man can make a Metall that hath all these Properties Let Men dispute whether it be Gold or no The Enducing and Accelerating of Putrefaction is a Subiect of a very Vniuersall Enquiry For Corruption is a Reciprocall to Generation And they Two are as Natures two Termes or Bundaries And the Guides to Life and Death Putrefaction is the Worke of the Spirits of Bodies which euer are Vnquiet to Get forth and Congregate with the Aire and to onioy the Sun-beames The Getting forth or Spreading of the Spirits which is a Degree of Getting forth hath fine Differing Operations If the Spirits be detained within the Body and moue more violently there followeth Colliquation As in Metalls c. If more Mildely there followeth Disgestion or Maturation As in Drinkes and Fruits If the Spirits be not meerely Detained but Protrude a little and that Motion be Confused and Inordinate there followeth Putrefaction Which euer dissolueth the Consistence of the Body into much Inequality As in Flesh Rotten Fruits Shining Wood c. And also in the Rust of Metalls But if that Motion be in a certaine Order there followeth Viuification and Figuration As both in Liuing Creatures bred of Putrefaction and in Liuing Creatures Perfect But if the Spirits issue out of the Body there followeth Deficcation Induration Consumption c. As in Bricke Euaporation of Bodies Liquid c. The Meanes to Enduce and Accelerate Putrefaction are First by Adding some Crude pr Watry Moisture As in Wetting of any Flesh Fruit Wood with Water c. For contrariwise Vnctuous and Oyly Substances preserue The Second is by Inuitation or Excitation As when a Rotten Apple lyeth close to another Apple that is Sound Or when Dung which is a substance already Putrified is added to other Bodies And this is also notably seene in Church-yards where they bury much Where the Earth will consume the Corps in farre shorter time than other Earth will The Third is by Closenesse and Stopping which detaineth the Spirits in Prison more than they would And thereby irritateth them to seeke Issue As in Corne and Cloaths which waxe Musty and therefore Open Aire which they call Aer perstabilis doth preserue And this doth appeare more Euidently in Agnes which come most of them of Obstructions and Penning the Humours which thereupon Putrisie The Fourth is by Solution of Continuity As we see an Apple will rot sooner if it
faster vpon vs. The daintiest Smells of Flowers are out of those Plants whose Leaues smell not As Violets Roses Wall-flowers Gilly-flowers Pinckes Woodbines Vine-flowers Apple-Bloomes Lime-Tree Bloomes Beane-Bloomes c. The Cause is for that where there is Heat and strength enough in the Plant to make the Leaues Odorate there the Smell of the Flower is rather Euanide and Weaker than that of the Leaues As it is in Rose-Mary-Flowers Lauender-Flowers and Sweet-Briar-Roses But where there is lesse Heat there the Spirit of the Plant is disgested and refined and feuered from the Grosser Iuyce in the Esstorescence and not before Most Odours Smell best Broken or Crusht as hath beene said But Flowers Pressed or Beaten doe leese the Freshnesse and Sweetnesse of their Odour The Cause is for that when they are Crushed the Grosser and more Earthy Spirit commeth out with the Finer and troubleth it Whereas in stronger Odours there are no such Degrees of the Issue of the Smell It is a Thing of very good Vse to Discouer the Goodnesse of Waters The Taste to those that Drinke Water onely doth somewhat But other Experiments are more sure First try Waters by Weight Wherein you may finde some difference though not much And the Lighter you may account the Better Secondly try them by Boyling vpon an Equall Fire And that which consumeth away fastest you may account the Best Thirdly try them in Seuerall Bottles or Open Vessels Matches in euery Thing else and see which of them Last Longest without Stench or Corruption And that which holdeth Vnputrified longest you may likewise account the Best Fourthly try them by Making Drinkes Stronger or Smaller with the same Quantity of Mault And you may conclude that that Water which maketh the Stronger Drinke is the more Concocted and Nou-rishing though perhaps it be not so good for Medicinall vse And such Water commonly is the Water of Large and Nanigable Riuers And likewise in Large and Cleane Ponds of Standing Water For vpon both them the Sunne hath more power than vpon Fountaines or Small Riuers And I concelue that Chalke-water is next them the best for going furthest in Drinke For that also helpeth Concoction So it be out of a Deepe Well For then it Cureth the Rawnesse of the Water But Chalkie Water towards the Top of the Earth is too fretting As it appeareth in Laundry of Cloaths which weare out apace if you vse such Waters Fifthly The Houswiues doe finde a Difference in Waters for the Bearing or Not Bearing of Soape And it is likely that the more Fat Water will beare Soape best For the Hungry Water doth kill the Vnctuous Nature of the Soape Sixthly you may make a Iudgement of Waters according to the Place whence they Spring or Come The Rain-Water is by the Physitians esteemed the Finest and the best But yet it is said to putrifie soonest which is likely because of the Finenesse of the Spirit And in Conseruatories of Raine-water such as they haue in Venice c. they are and not so Choice waters The worse perhaps because they are Couered aloft and kept from the Sunne Snow-water is held vnwholesome In so much as the People that dwell at the Foot of the SnowMountaines or otherwise vpon the Ascent especially the Women by drinking of Snow-water haue great Bagges hanging vnder their Throats Well-water except it be vpon Chalke or a very plentifull Spring maketh Meat Red which is an ill Signe Springs on the Tops of High-Hills are the best For both they seeme to haue a Lightnesse and Appetite of Mounting And besides they are most pure and Vnmingled And againe are more Percolated thorow a great Space of Earth For Waters in Valleyes ioyne in effect vnder Ground with all Waters of the same Leuell Whereas Springs on the Tops of Hills passe thorow a great deale of Pure Earth with lesse Mixture of other Waters Seuenthly Iudgement may be made of Waters by the Soyle whereupon the Water runneth As Pebble is the Cleanest and best tasted And next to that Clay-water And Thirdly Water vpon Chalke Fourthly that vpon Sand And Worst of all vpon Mudde Neither may you trust Waters that Taste Sweet For they are commonly found in Rising Grounds of great Cities which must needs take in a great deale of Filth In Peru and diuers Parts of the West Indies though vnder the Line the Heats are not so Intolerable as they be in Barbary and the Skirts of the Torrid Zone The Causes are First the Great Brizes which the Motion of the Aire in great Circles such as are vnder the Girdle of the World produceth Which doe refrigerate And therefore in those Parts Noone is nothing so hot when the Brizes are great as about Nine or Ten of the Clocke in the Fore-Noone Another Cause is for that the Length of the Night and the Dewes thereof doe compense the Heat of the Day A third Cause is the Stay of the Sunne Not in Respect of Day and Night for that wee spake of before but in Respect of the Season For vnder the Line the Sunne crosseth the Line and maketh two Summers and two Winters But in the Skirts of the Torrid Zone it doubleth and goeth backe againe and so maketh one Long Summer The Heat of the Sunne maketh Men Blacke in some Countries as in AEthiopia and Ginny c. Fire doth it not as wee see in GlasseMen that are continually about the Fire The Reason may be because Fire doth licke vp the Spirits and Bloud of the Body so as they Exhale So that it euer maketh Men looke Pale and Sallow But the Sunne which is a Gentler Heat doth but draw the Bloud to the Outward Parts And rather Concooteth it than Soaketh it And therefore wee see that all AEthiapes are Fleshy and Plumpe and haue great Lips All which betoken Moisture retained and not drawne out Wee see also that the Negroes are bred in Countries that haue Plenty of Water by Riuers or otherwise For Meroe which was the Metropolis of AEthiopia was vpon a great Lake And Congo where the Negroes are is full of Riuers And the Confines of the Riuer Niger where the Negroes also are are well watered And the Region about Capo Verde is likewise Moist in so much as it is pestilent through Moisture But the Countries of the Abyssenes and Barbary and Peru. where they are Tawney and Oliuaster and Pale are generally more Sandy and Dry. As for the AEthiopes as they are Plumpe and Fleshy So it may bee they are Sanguine and ruddy Coloured if their blacke Skinne would suffer it to be seene Some Creatures doe moue a good while after their Head is off As Birds Some a very little time As Men and all beasts Some moue though cut in feuerall Pieces As Snakes Eeles Wormes Flies c. First therefore it is certaine that the Immediate Cause of Death is the Resolution or Extinguishment of the Spirits And that the Destruction or Corruption of the Organs is but the
which are Inflammable And certaine Oake-Berries sticking close to the Body of the Tree without Stalke It beareth also Misseltoe though rarely The Cause of all these may be the Closenesse and Solidenesse of the Wood and Pith of the Oake Which maketh seuerall Iuyces finde seuerall Eruptions And therefore if you will deuise to make any Super-Plants you must euer giue the Sap Plentifull Rising and Hard Issue There are two Excrescences which grow vpon Trees Both of them in the Nature of Mushromes The one the Romans called Boletus Which groweth vpon the Roots of Oakes And was one of the Dainties of their Table The other is Medicinall that is called Agaricke whereof we haue spoken before which groweth vpon the Tops of Oakes Though it be affirmed by some that it groweth also at the Roots I doe conceiue that many Exerescences of Trees grow chiefly where the Tree is dead or faded For that the Naturall Sap of the Tree corrupteth into some Preternaturall Substance The greater Part of Trees beare Most and Best on the Lower Boughs As Oakes Figs Wall-Nuts Peares c. But some beare Best on the Top-Boughes As Crabs c. Those that beare best below are such as Shade doth more good to than Hurt For generally all Fruits beare best lowest Because the Sap tireth not hauing but a short Way And therefore in Fruits spred vpon Walls the Lowest are the Greatest as was formerly said So it is the Shade that hindereth the Lower Boughes Except it be in such Trees as delight in Shade Or at least beare it well And therfore they are either Strong Trees as the Oake Or else they haue large Leaues as the Wallnut and Fig Or else they grow in Pyraâ—is as the Peare But if they require very much Sunne they beare best on the Top As it is in Crabs Apples Plummes c. There be Trees that beare best when they begin to be Old As Almonds Peares Vines and all Trees that giue Mast. The Cause is for that all Trees that beare Mast haue an Oyly Fruit And Young Trees haue a more Watry Iuyce and lesse Concocted And of the same kinde also is the Almond The Peare likewise though it be not Oyly yet it requireth much Sap and well Concocted For we see it is a Heauy Fruit and Solide Much more than Apples Plummes c. As for the Vine it is noted that it beareth more Grapes when it is Young But Grapes that make better Wine when it is Old For that the Iuyce is better Concocted And wee see that Wine is Insflammable So as it hath a kinde of Oylinesse But the most Part of Trees amongst wich are Apples Plummes c. beare best when they are Young There be Plants that haue a Milke in them when they are Cut As Figs Old Lettuce Sowe-Thistles Spurge c. The Cause may be an Inception of Putrefaction For those Milkes haue all an Acrimony though one would thinke they should be Lenitiue For if you write vpon Paper with the Milke of the Fig the Letters will not be seene vntill you hold the Paper before the Fire and then they wax Browne Which sheweth that it is a Sharpe or Fretting Iuyce Lettuce is thought Poysonous when it is so Old as to haue Milke Spurge is a kinde of Poyson in it Selfe And as for Sowe-Thistles though Coneyes eat them yet Sheepe and Cattell will not touch them And besides the Milke of them rubbed vpon Warts in short time weareth them away Which sheweth the Milke of them to be Corrosine We see also that Wheat and other Corne sowen if you take them forth of the Ground before they sprout are full of Milke And the Beginning of Germination is euer a Kinde of Putrefaction of the Seed Euphorbium also hath a Milke though not very white which is of a great Acrimony And Saladine hath a yellow Milke which hath likewise much Acrimony For it cleanseth the Eyes It is good also for Cataracts Mushromes are reported to grow as well vpon the Bodies of Trees as vpon their Roots or vpon the Earth And especially vpon the Oake The Cause is for that Strong Trees are towards such Excrescâ—â—ces in the Nature of Earth And therfore put forth Mosse Mushromes and the like There is hardly found a Plant that yeeldeth a Red Iuyce in the Blade or Eare Except it be the Tree that beareth Sanguis Draconis Which groweth chiefly in the Island Soquotra The Herb Amaranthus indeed is Red all ouer And Brasill is Red in the Wood And so is Red Sunders That Tree of the Sanguis Draconis groweth in the forme of a Sugar-loafe It is like that the Sap of that Plant concocteth in the Body of the Tree For woe see that Grapes and Pomegranats are Red in the Iuyce but are Greene in the Teare And this maketh the Tree of Sanguis Draconis lesser towards the Top Because the Iuyce hasteneth not vp And besides it is very Astringent And therefore of Slow Motion It is reported that Sweet Mosse besides that vpon the Apple-Trees groweth likewise sometimes vpon Poplars And yet generally the Poplar is a Smooth Tree of Barke and hath little Mosse The Mosse of the Larix Tree burneth also Sweet and sparkleth in the Burning Quaere of the Mosses of Oderate Trees As Cedar Cypres Lignum Aloës c. The Death that is most without Paine hath been noted to be vpon the Taking of the Petium of Hemloche which in Humanity was the Forme of Execution of Capitall Offenders in Athens The Poyson of the Aspe that Cleopatra vsed hath some affinity with it The Cause is for that the Torments of Death are chiefly raised by the Strife of the Spirits And these Vapours quench the Spirits by Degrees Like to the Death of an extreme Old Man I conceiue it is lesse Painfull than Opium because Opium hath Parts of Heat mixed There be Fruits that are Sweet before they be Ripe As Mirabolanes So Reuuell-Seeds are Sweet before they ripen and after grow Spicy And some neuer Ripen to be Sweet As Tamarinds Berberries Crabs Sloes c. The Cause is for that the former Kinde haue â—â—â—eh and subtill Heat which causeth Earely Sweetnesse The latter haue a Cold and Acide Iuyce which no Heat of the Sunne can sweeten But as for the Mirabelane it hath Parts of Contrary Natures For it is Sweet and yet Astringont There bee few Herbes that haue a Salt Taste And contrariwise all Bloud of Liuing Creatures hath a Saltnesse The Cause may be for that Salt though it be the Audiment of Life yet in Plants the Originall Taste remaineth not For you shall haue them Bitter Sowre Sweet Biting but seldome Salt But in Liuing Creatures all those High Tastes may happen to be sometimes in the Humours but are seldome in the Flesh or Substance Because it is of a more Oyly Nature which is not very Susceptible of those Tastes And the Saltnesse it selfe of Bloud is but a light and secret Saltnesse And euen among Plants some doe
the Salt-Water doe neuerthelesse delight more in Fresh Wee see that Salmons and Smelts loue to get into Riuers though it be against the Streame At the Hauen of Constantinople you shall haue great Quantities of Fish that come from the Euxine-Sea that when they come into the Fresh Water doe inebriate and turne vp their Bellies So as you may take them with your Hand I doubt there hath not beene sufficient Experiment made of Putting Sea-Fish into Fresh Water Ponds and Pooles It is a Thing of great Vse and Pleasure For so you may haue them new at some good distance from the Sea And besides it may be the Fish will eat the pleasanter and may fall to breed And it is said that Colchester Oysters which are put into Pits where the Sea goeth and commeth but yet so that there is a Fresh Water Comming also to them when the Sea voideth become by that meanes Fatter and more Growne The Turkish-Bow giueth a very Forcible Shoot Insomuch as it hath beene knowne that the Arrow hath pierced a Stecle Target or a Peece of Brasse of two Inches thicke But that which is more strange the Arrow if it be Headed with Wood hath beene knowne to pierce thorow a Peece of Wood of eight Inches thicke And it is certaine that wee had in vse at one time for Sea-Fight short Arrowes which they called Sprights without any other Heads saue Wood sharpned which were discharged out of Muskets and would pierce thorow the Sides of Ships where a Bullet would not pierce But this dependeth vpon one of the greatest Secrets in all Nature Which is that Similitude of Substance will cause Attraction where the Body is wholly freed from the Motion of Grauitie For if that were taken away Lead would draw Lead and Gold would draw Gold and Iron would draw Iron without the helpe of the Load-Stone But this same Motion of Weight or Grauitie which is a meere Motion of the Matter and hath no Affinitie with the Forme or Kinde doth kill the other Motion except it selfe be killed by a violent Motion As in these Instances of Arrowes For then the Motion of Attraction by Similitude of Substance beginneth to shew it selfe But wee shall handle this Point of Nature fully in due Place They haue in Turkey and the East certaine Confections which they call Seruetts which are like to Candied Conserues And are made of Sugar and Limons or Sugar and Citrons or Sugar and Violets and some other Flowers And some Mixture of Amber for the more delicate Persons And those they dissolue in Water and thereof make their Drinke because they are forbidden Wine by their Law But I doe much maruell that no Englishman or Dutehman or German doth set vp Brewing in Constantinople Considering they haue such Quantitie of Barley For as so the generall Sort of Men Frugalitie may be the Cause of Drinking Water For that it is no small Sauing to pay nothing for ones Drinke But the better Sort mought well be at the Cost And yet I wonder the lesse at it because I see France Italie or Spaine haue not taken into vse Beere or Ale Which perhaps if they did would better both their Healths and their Complexions It is likely it would be Matter of great Gaine to any that should begin it in Turkey In Bathing in Hot Water Sweat neuerthelesse commeth not in the Parts vnder the Water The Cause is First for that Sweat is a Kinde of Colliquation And that Kinde of Colliquation is not made either by an Ouer-Drie Heat or an Ouer-Moist Heat For Ouer-Moisture doth somewhat extinguish the Heat As wee see that euen Hot Water quencheth Fire And Ouer-Drie Heat shutteth the Pores And therefore Men will sooner Sweat couered before the Sunne or Fire than if they stood Naked And Earthen Bottles filled with Hot Water doe prouoke in Bed a Sweat more daintily than Bricke-bats Hot. Secondly Hot Water doth cause Euaporation from the Skin So as it spendeth the Matter in those Parts vnder the Water before it issueth in Sweat Againe Sweat commeth more plentifully if the Heat be increased by Degrees than if it be greatest at first or equall The Cause is for that the Pores are better opened by a Gentle Heat than by a more Violent And by their opening the Sweat issueth more abundantly And therefore Physitians may doe well when they prouoke Sweat in Bed by Bottles with a Decoction of Sudorisicke Herbs in Hot Water to make two Degrees of Heat in the Bottles And to lay in the Bed the lesse Heated first and after halfe an Houre the more Heated Sweat is Salt in Taste The Cause is for that that Part of the Nourishment which is Fresh and Sweet turneth into Bloud and Flesh And the Sweat is only that Part which is Separate and Excerned Bloud also Raw hath some Saltnesse more than Flesh because the Assimilation into Flesh is not without a little and subtile Excretion from the Bloud Sweat commeth forth more out of the Vpper Parts of the Body than the Lower The Reason is because those Parts are more replenished with Spirits And the Spirits are they that put forth Sweat Besides they are lesse Fleshy and Sweat issueth chiefly out of the Parts that are lesse Fleshy and more Dry As the Forehead and Breast Men Sweat more in Sleepe than Waking And yet Sleepe doth rather stay other Fluxions than cause them As Rheumes Loosenesse of the Body c. The Cause is for that in Sleepe the Heat and Spirits doe naturally moue inwards and there rest But when they are collected once within the Heat becommeth more Violent and Irritate And thereby expelleth Sweat Cold Sweats are many times Mortall and neere Death And alwayes ill and Suspected As in Great Feares Hypochondricall Passions c. The Cause is for that Cold Sweats come by a Relaxation or Forsaking of the Spirits wherby the Moisture of the Body which Heat did keepe firme in the Parts seuereth and issueth out In those Diseases which cannot be discharged by Sweat Sweat is ill and rather to be stayed As in Diseases of the Lungs and Fluxes of the Belly But in those Diseases which are expelled by Sweat it easeth and lightneth As in Agues Pestilences c. The Cause is for that Sweat in the Latter Sort is partly Criticall and sendeth forth the Matter that offendeth But in the Former it either proceedeth from the Labour of the Spirits which sheweth them Oppressed Or from Motion of Consent when Nature not able to expell the Disease where it is seated moueth to an Expulsion indifferent ouer all the Body The Nature of the Glo-wormexs is hitherto not well obserued Thus much we see That they breed chiefly in the Hottest Moneths of Summer And that they breed not in Champaigne but in Bushes and Hedges Wherby it may be conceiued that the Spirit of them is very fine and not to be refined but by Summer Heats And againe that by reason of the Finenesse
it doth easily exhale In Italy and the Hotter Countries there is a Fly they call Lucciole that shineth as the Glo-worme doth And it may be is the Flying Glo-worme But that Fly is chiefly vpon Fens and Marrishes But yet the two former Obseruations hold For they are not seene but in the Heat of Summer And Sedge or other Greene of the Fens giue as good Shade as Bushes It may be the Glo-wormes of the Cold Countries ripen not so farre as to be Winged The Passions of the Minde worke vpon the Body the Impressions following Feare causeth Palenesse Trembling The Standing of the Haire vpright Starting and Skritching The Palenesse is caused for that the Bloud runneth inward to succour the Heart The Trembling is caused for that through the Flight of the Spirits inward the Outward Parts are destituted and not sustained Standing Vpright of the Haire is caused for that by the Shutting of the Pores of the Skin the Haire that lyeth asloape must needs Rise Starting is both an Apprehension of the Thing feared And in that kinde it is a Motion of Shrincking And likewise an Inquisition in the beginning what the Matter should be And in that kinde it is a Motion of Erection And therefore when a Man would listen suddenly to any Thing he Starteth For the Starting is an Erection of the Spirits to attend Skritching is an Appetite of Expelling that which suddenly striketh the Spirits For it must be noted that many Motions though they be vnprofitable to expell that which hurteth yet they are Offers of Nature and cause Motions by Consent As in Groaning or Crying vpon Paine Griefe and Paine cause Sighing Sobbing Groaning Screaming and Roaring Teares Distorting of the Face Grinding of the Teeth Sweating Sighing is caused by the Drawing in of a greater Quantity of Breath to refresh the Heart that laboureth like a great Draught when one is thirsty Sobbing is the same Thing stronger Groaning and Screaming and Roaring are caused by an Appetite of Expulsion as hath beene said For when the Spirits cannot expell the Thing that hurteth in their Strife to do it by Motion of Consent they expell the Voice And this is when the Spirits yeeld and giue ouer to resist For if one doe constantly resist Paine he will not groane Teares are caused by a Contraction of the Spirits of the Braine Which Contraction by consequence astringeth the Moisture of the Braine and thereby sendeth Teares into the Eyes And this Contraction or Compression causeth also Wringing of the Hands For Wringing is a Gesture of Expression of Moisture The Distorting of the Face is caused by a Contention first to beare and resist and then to expell Which maketh the Parts knit first and afterwards open Grinding of the Teeth is caused likewise by a Gathering and Serring of the Spirits together to resist Which maketh the Teeth also to set hard one against another Sweating is also a Compound Motion by the Labour of the Spirits first to resist and then to expell Ioy causeth a Chearefulnesse and Vigour in the Eyes Singing Leaping Dancing And sometimes Teares All these are the Effects of the Dilatation and Comming forth of the Spirits into the Outward Parts Which maketh them more Linely and Stirring We know it hath beene seene that Excessiue Sudden Ioy hath caused Present Death while the Spirits did spread so much as they could not retire againe As for Teares they are the Effects of Compression of the Moisture of the Braine vpon Dilatation of the Spirits For Compression of the Spirits worketh an Expression of the Moisture of the Braine by Consent as hath beene said in Griefe But then in Ioy it worketh it diuersly viz. by Prepulsion of the Moisture when the Spirits dilate and occupy more Roome Anger causeth Palenesse in some and the Going and Comming of the Colour in Others Also Trembling in some Swelling Foaming at the Month Stamping Bending of the Fist. Palenesse and Going and Comming of the Colour are caused by the Burning of the Spirits about the Heart Which to refresh themselues call in more Spirits from the Outward Parts And if the Palenesse be alone without Sending forth the Colour againe it is commonly ioyned with some Feare But in many there is no Palenesse at all but contrariwise Rednesse about the Cheekes and Gills Which is by the Sending forsh of the Spirits in an Appetite to Reuenge Trembling in Anger is likewise by a Calling in of the Spirits And is commonly when Anger is ioyned with Feare Swelling is caused both by a Dilatation of the Spirits by Ouer-Heating and by a Liquefaction or Boyling of the Humours thereupon Foaming at the Mouth is from the same Cause being an Ebullition Stamping and Bending of the Fist are caused by an Imagination of the Act of Reuenge Light Displeasure or Dislike causeth Shaking of the Head Frowning and Knitting of the Bâ—â—â—es These Effects arise from the same Causes that Trembling and Horrour doe Namely from the Retiring of the Spirits but in a lesse degree For the Shaking of the Head is but a Slow and Definite Trembling And is a Gesture of Slight Refusall And we see also that a Dislike causeth often that Gesture of the Hand which wee vse when we refuse a Thing or warne it away The Frowning and Knitting of the Browes is a Gathering or Serring of the Spirits to resist in some Measure And we see also this Knitting of the Browes will follow vpon earnest Studying or Cogitation of any Thing though it bee without Dislike Shame causeth Blushing And Casting downe of the Eyes Blushing is the Resort of Bloud to the Face Which in the Passion of Shame is the Part that laboureth most And although the Blushing will be seene in the whole Breast if it be Naked yet that is but in Passage to the Face As for the Casting downe of the Eyes it proceedeth of the Reuerence a Man beareth to other Men Whereby when he is ashamed he cannot endure to looke firmely vpon Others And we see that Blushing and the Casting downe of the Eyes both are more when we come before Many Ore Pompeij quid mollius Nunquà m non coram pluribus erubuit And likewise when we come before Great or Reuerend Persons Pity causeth sometimes Teares And a Flexion or Cast of the Eye aside Teares come from the same Cause that they doe in Griefe for Pity is but Griefe in Anothers Behalfe The Cast of the Eye is a Gesture of Auersion or Loathnesse to behold the Obiect of Pity Wonder causeth Astonishment or an Immoueable Posture of the Body Casting vp of the Eyes to Heauen And Lifting vp of the Hands For Astonishment it is caused by the Fixing of the Minde vpon one Obiect of Cogitation whereby it doth not spatiate and transcurre as it vseth For in Wonder the Spirits fly not as in Feare But onely settle and are made lesse apt to moue As for the Casting vp of the Eyes and Lifting vp of the Hands it is a Kinde of Appeale
if it had beene not to wonder at vs but to welcome vs And diuers of them as we passed by them put their Armes a little abroad which is their Gesture when they bid any welcome The Strangers House is a faire and spacious House built of Brick of somewhat a blewer Colour then our Brick And with handsome windowes some of Glasse some of a kinde of Cambrick oyl'd He brought vs first into a faire Parlour aboue staires and then asked vs What Number of Persons we were And how many sick We answered We were in all sick and whole one and fifty Persons whereof our sick were seuenteene He desired vs to haue patience a little and to stay till he came back to vs which was about an Houre after And then hee led vs to see the Chambers which were prouided for vs being in number nineteene They hauing cast it as it seemeth that foure of those Chambers which were better then the rest might receiue foure of the principall Men of our Company And lodge them alone by themselues And the other 15. Chambers were to lodge vs two and two together The Chambers were handsome and cheerefull Chambers and furnished ciuilly Then he ledd vs to a long Gallery like a Dorture where hee shewed vs all along the one side for the other side was but VVall and VVindow seuenteene Cells very neat ones hauing partitions of Cedar wood VVhich Gallery and Cells being in all fourty many more then we needed were instituted as an Infirmary for sick Persons And he told vs withall that as any of our Sick waxed well he might be remoued from his Cell to a Chamber For which purpose there were sett forth ten spare Chambers besides the Number we spake of before This done he brought vs back to the Parlour and lifting vp his Cane a little as they doe when they giue any Charge or Commaund said to vs Yee are to know that the Custome of the Land requireth that after this day and too morrow which we giue you for remouing of your people from your Ship you are to keepe within dores for three daies But lett it not trouble you nor doe not think your selues restrained but rather left to your Rest and Ease You shall want nothing and there are sixe of our People appointed to attend you for any Busines you may haue abroad VVee gaue him thankes with all Affection and Respect and said GOD surely is manifested in this Land VVee offred him also twenty Pistoletts But he smiled and onely saide What twice paid And so he left vs. Soone after our Dinner was serued in VVhich was right good Viands both for Bread and Meate Better then any Collegiate Diett that I haue knowne in Europe VVe had also Drinke of three sorts all wholesome and good VVine of the Grape A Drink of Graine such as is with vs our Ale but more cleare And a kinde of Sider made of a Fruit of that Cuntry A wonderfull pleasing and Refreshing Drink Besides ther were brought in to vs great store of those Scarlett Orenges for our Sick which they said were an assured Remedy for sicknes taken at Sea Ther was giuen vs also a Boxe of small gray or whitish Pills which they wished our Sicke should take one of the Pills euery night before sleepe which they said would hasten their Recouery The next day after that our Trouble of Carriage and Remouing of our Men and Goods out of our Shipp was somewhat setled and quiett I thought good to call our Company together and when they were assembled said vnto them My deare Frends Let vs know our selues and how it standeth with vs. We are Men cast on Land as Ionas was out of the Whales Belly when we were as buried in the Deepe And now we are on Land wee are but between Death and Life For we are beyond both the Old World and the New And whether euer wee shall see Europe GOD onely knoweth It is a kinde of Miracle hath brought vs hither And it must bee little lesse that shall bring vs hence Therefore in regard of our Deliuerance past and our danger present and to come let vs looke vp to GOD and euery man reforme his owne wayes Besides we are come here amongst a Christian People full of Piety and Humanity Let vs not bring that Confusion of face vpon our selues as to shew our vices or vnworthinesse before them Yet there is more For they haue by Commandement though in forme of Courtesie Cloistered vs within these Walls for three dayes Who knoweth whether it be not to take some tast of our manners and conditions And if they finde them bad to banish vs straight-wayes If good to giue vs further time For these Men that they haue giuen vs for Attendance may withall haue an eye vpon vs. Therefore for GODS loue and as we loue the weale of our Soules and Bodies let vs so behaue our selues as wee may be at peace with GOD and may finde grace in the Eyes of this People Our Company with one voice thanked me for my good Admonition and promised me to liue soearly and ciuilly and without giuing any the least occasion of Offence So we spent our three dayes ioyfully and without care in expectation what would be done with vs when they were expired During which time we had euery houre ioy of the Amendment of our Sick who thought themselues cast into some Diuine Poole of Healing They mended so kindely ans so fast The Morrow after our three dayes were past ther came to vs a new Man that we had not seen before clothed in Blew as the former was saue that his Turban was white with a small red Crosse on the Topp He had also a Tippet of fine Linnen At his Comming in he did bend to vs a little and put his Armes abroad Wee of our parts saluted him in a very lowly and submissiue manner As looking that from him wee should receyue Sentence of Life or Death He desired to speak with some few of vs Wherupon sixe of vs onely staied and the rest auoyded the Roome He said I am by Office Gouerner of this House of Strangers and by Vocation I am a Christian Priest and therfore am come to you to offer you my seruice both as Strangers and chiefly as Christians Some things I may tell you which I thinke you will not be vnwilling to heare The State hath giuen you Licence to Stay on Land for the space of sixe weekes And let it not trouble you if your occasions aske further time for the Law in this point is not precise And I doe not doubt but my selfe shall be able to obtaine for you such further time as may be conuenient Yee shall also vnderstand that the Strangers House is at this time Rich and much aforehand For it hath layd vp Reuenew these 37. years For so long it is since any Stranger arriued in this part And therfore take yee no care The State will defray you all the time
Parts in Mans Body easily reparable as Spirits Bloud and Flesh die in the Embracement of the Parts hardly reparable as Bones Nerues and Membranes And likewise some Entrails which they reckon amongst the Spermaticall Parts are hard to repaire Though that Diuision of Spermaticall and Menstrnall Parts be but a Conceit And this same Obseruation also may be drawne to the present purpose of Nourishing Emaciated Bodies And therefore Gentle Frication draweth forth the Nourishment by making the Parts a little hungry and heating them whereby they call forth Nourishment the better This Frication I wish to be done in the Morning It is also best done by the Hand or a peece of Scarlet wooll wet a little with Oile of Almonds mingled with a small Quantity of Bay-sals or Saffron We see that the very Currying of Horses doth make them fat and in good liking The Fifth Meanes is to further the very Act of Assimilation of Nourishment which is done by some outward Emollients that make the Parts more apt to Assimilate For which I haue compounded an Ointment of Excellent Odour which I call Roman Ointment vide the Receit The vse of it would be betweene Sleepes For in the latter Sleepe the Parts Assimilate chiefly There be many Medicines which by themselues would doe no Cure but perhaps Hurt but being applyed in a certaine Order one after another doe great Cures I haue tried my selfe a Remedy for the Gout which hath seldome failed but driuen it away in 24. Houres space It is first to apply a Pultasse Of which vide the Receit And then a Bath or Fomentation of which vide the Receit And then a Plaister vide the Receit The Pultasse relaxeth the Pores and maketh the Humour apt to Exhale The Fomentation calleth forth the Humour by Vapours But yet in regard of the way made by the Pultasse Draweth gently And therfore draweth the Humour out and doth not draw more to it For it is a Gentle Fomentation and hath withall a Mixture though very little of some Stupefactine The Plaister is a Moderate Astringent Plaister which repelleth New Humour from falling The Pultasse alone would make the Part more soft and weake And apter to take the Defluxion and Impression of the Humour The Fomentation alone if it were too weake without way made by the Pultasse would draw forth little If too strong it would draw to the Part as well as draw from it The Plaister alone would pen the Humour already contained in the Part and so exasperate it as well as forbid new Humour Therefore they must be all taken in Order as is said The Pultasse is to be laid to for two or three Houres The Fomentation for a Quarter of an Houre or somewhat better being vsed hot and seuen or eight times repeated The Plaister to continue on still till the Part be well confirmed There is a secret Way of Cure vnpractized By Assuetude of that which in it selfe hurteth Poysons haue beene made by some Familiar as hath beene said Ordinary keepers of the Sicke of the Plague are seldome infected Enduring of Torture by Custome hath been made more casie The Brooking of Enormous Quantity of Meats and so of Wine or Strong Drinke hath beene by Custome made to be without Surfet or Drunkennesse And generally Diseases that are Chronicall as Coughes Phthisickes some kindes of Palseyes Lunacies c. are most dangerous at the first Therefore a wise Physitian will consider whether a Disease be Incurable Or whether the Iust Cure of it be not full of perill And if he finde it to bee such let him resort to Palliation And alleuiate the Symptome without busying himselfe too much with the perfect Cure And many times if the Patient be indeed patient that Course will exceed all Expectation Likewise the Patient himselfe may striue by little and little to Ouercome the Symptome in the Exacerbation and so by time turne Suffering into Nature Diuers Diseases especially Chronicall such as Quartan Agues are somtimes cured by Surset and Excesses As Excesse of Meat Excesse of Drinke Extraordinary Fasting Extraordinary Stirring or Lassitude the like The Cause is for that Diseases of Cotinuance get an Aduētitious Strength frō Custome besides their Materiall Cause from the Humours So that the Breaking of the Custome doth leaue them only to their first Cause which if it be any thing weake will fall off Besides such Excesses doe Excite and Spur Nature which thereupon riseth more forcibly against the Disease There is in the Body of Man a great Consent in the Motion of the seuerall Parts We see it is Childrens sport to proue whether they can rub vpon their Brest with one hand and pat vpon their Fore-head with another And straight-waies they shall sometimes rubbe with both Hands or pat with both hands We see that when the Spirits that come to the Nosthrills expell a bad Sent the Stomach is ready to Expell by Vomit We finde that in Consumptions of the Lungs when Nature cannot expell by Cough Men fall into Fluxes of the Belly and then they dye So in Pestilent Diseases if they cannot be expelled by Sweat they fall likewise into Loosenesse and that is commonly Mortall Therfore Physitians should ingeniously contriue how by Motions that are in their Power they may excite Inward Motions that are not in their Power by Consent As by the Stench of Feathers or the like they cure the Rising of the Mother Hippocrates Aphorisme In Morbis minus is a good profound Aphorisme It importeth that Diseases contrary to the Complexion Age Sexe Season of the yeare Diet c. are more dangerous than those that are Concurrent A Man would thinke it should be otherwise For that when the Accident of Sicknesse and the Naturall Disposition doe second the one the other the Disease should be more forcible And so no doubt it is if you suppose like Quantity of Matter But that which maketh good the Aphorisine is Because such Diseases doe shew a greater Collection of Matter by that they are able to ouercome those Naturall Inclinations to the Contrary And therefore in Diseases of that kinde let the Physitian apply himselfe more to Purgation than to Alteration Because the Offence is in the Quantity and the Qualities are rectified of themselues Physitians do wisely prescribe that there be Preparatiues vsed before Iust Purgations For certaine it is that Purgers doe many times great Hurt if the Body be not accommodated both before and after the Purging The Hurt that they doe for want of Preparation before Purging is by the Sticking of the Humours and their not comming faire away Which causeth in the Body great Perturbations and ill Accidents during the Purging And also the diminishing and dulling of the Working of the Medicine it selfe that it purgeth not sufficiently Therefore the worke of Preparation is double To make the Humours fluide and mature And to make the Passages more open For both those helpe to