Leo X. of the House of Medicis was chosen in his place the eleventh of March 1513 who quickly re-united the separated Cardinals and reconciled the King of France to the holy See Leo X. had many good qualities for a Prince but few of those that are requisite for a good Pope he was liberal generous gentile civil courteous and a lover of men of learning but he was not over Devout nor much addicted to the affairs of Religion He was magnificent and very expensive insomuch that for a supply to this profusion he was soon forced to betake himself to the means often practised by the Court of Rome for raising of Money Leo X. sends Indulgences into Germany I mean the emission and publication of Indulgences Laurence Pucci Cardinal of Santiquatro advised him to this expedient The original of the tribute of Indulgences and it was a kind of Tribute that took its rise in the Church after the eleventh Century and owes its original to the Croisades which were made at that time for the expedition and conquest of the Holy Land Urban II. granted Indulgences to all that would list themselves under the Cross and engage in that expedition In subsequent Croisades the same Indulgences were granted to those who not being able to goe in person did send a Souldier to the Holy War at length those who desired the benefit of the Indulgences but would neither goe nor send to the War purchased their exemption by money In process of time whensoever the Court of Rome stood in need of money they published a distribution of Indulgences in favour of all that would contribute to their necessities Then were Rates set on Sins and he that had a mind to compound knew what he was to pay for the Crime he desired a Pardon for Leo X. caused therefore a Sale of these Pardons to be published in all the Provinces subject to the Church of Rome and gave to his Sister Magdalene married to Francesco Cibo Natural Son to Pope Innocent VIII the profits that did accrue from the distribution of these Indulgences in the Province of Saxony and a great part of Germany Magdalene for raising of this Tribute made use of one Arembold who from a Genoese year 1520 of the Lutherans from the Church of Rome for on the one hand the Universities of Louvain and Cologne burnt the writings of Luther Luther burns the Pope's Bull and the Book of Decretals and on the other Luther assembled the University of Wittemberg and obtained a sentence whereby not onely the Pope's Bull but all the Decretals were condemned to the flames which was accordingly executed At the same time for his own Justification he published a Manifesto wherein he accuses the Pope as a Tyrant for having usurped a Supremacy over Kings and Princes and corrupted the Doctrine of the Church the Pope was thought to have raised this storm by his Precipitance and by an unseasonable and ill weighed Zeal nor indeed could the more moderate approve the Bull of Leo they thought it violent and were amazed that with so little formality he had ventured to decide matters of so great importance And as every one had a lash at that Bull so the Grammarians were pleased to play upon a Period in it consisting of four hundred words inserted betwixt these two inhibentes omnibus and these other nè praefatos errors asserere praesumant The Emperour Charles the Fifth after the Death of his Grandfather Maximilian being in the Year 1520 chosen Emperour next year after held a Diet at Wormes concerning the Affairs of Religion Luther cited to Wormes before the Emperour Charles the Fifth Luther was cited thither came under safe conduct of the Emperour and appeared before him on the 17th of April there he was exhorted to burn his Books and to recant but he answered with the same resolution that brought him thither for his friends had done all they could to divert him from that Journey and had no other answer from him but that if year 1521 all the Devils in Hell had conspired against him yet would he not be hindered from going thither from appearing and maintaining his opinions all that can terrifie a man or daunt a heart was employed against Luther in that Diet but without any success He would neither recant nor condemn his Doctrine for no more could be obtained from him but an acknowledgment that his manner of writing was too eager and violent which he promised to mend for the future they were about to secure his Person notwithstanding the Emperour 's safe conduct according to the procedure of the Council of Constance in relation to John Huss but the Electour Palatine withstood it and Charles the Fifth himself being unwilling either to stain his reputation or violate his promise by such a Treachery sent him home resolving to prosecute him by fair means and to give him his hands full on 't in an open Trial. Accordingly he was the same year and in the same Assembly accused and sentenced by an Edict past the 8th of May whereby Luther's writings were condemned to be burnt The Edict of Wormes against Luther his Person to be seized within twenty days and committed to prison with strict prohibition to all Princes and States to harbour or relieve him but for all this the Electour of Saxony secured him in a Castle where he continued Nine months no man knowing where he was And now did every one reckon it an honour to appear in publick against him the University of Paris condemned his Doctrine Henry the Eighth of England Henry VIII King of England writes against him who had followed his Studies in order to have been Archbishop of Canterbury before the Death of his Elder brother wrote likewise against him for the seven Sacraments and the Authority of the Pope Leo X. was gratefull to that Prince and in recompence gave him the Title of Defender of the Faith which the Kings of England bear to this day Luther answered all these writings not sparing Henry the Eighth whom without any respect to his dignity he answered with much sharpness and severity All Europe was presently full of these writings and the heat of the controversie and quality of those who engaged in the quarrel excited the Curiosity of many every one was willing to know and pry into the matter under debate and that was the reason why many espoused the Party of those who condemned Corruptions and demanded the Reformation of the Church Zurich receives the reformation of Zuinglius At the same time Zuinglius made great Progresses at Zurich The Bishop of Constance having sent thither the Pope's Bull and the Edict of the Emperour exhorted the Senate to banish Zuinglius and to continue in Submission and Obedience to the Church of Rome but Zuinglius wrote back to the Bishop concerning that matter and to all the Cantons of Suisserland The Senate at length appointed an Assembly of
the Council The Death of Francis II. the Queen Regent Assembles the States at Orleans The same year on the fifth of December Francis II. King of France died and his Brother Charles IX being but ten years old succeeded him The death of this Prince put the Protestants in heart and made them hope for a change in affairs because the King of Navarre first Prince of the bloud was to have a great share in the Government during the King's Minority Now this King was a declared Protestant and was influenc'd by the Councils of Admiral Coligny a great Protectour of the Protestants The Queen Mother and her Council thought sit to assemble the States at Orleans and to open the Assembly the thirteenth of December where opinions were strongly argued pro and con concerning Liberty of Conscience At length it was concluded that the King should publish an Edict for cessation of Rigours and Criminal Prosecutions upon account of Religion The Edict past and at the same time the King gave orders to the Prelates to prepare themselves to goe to Trent to the Council The Count of Rochfort who spoke for the Gentry presented a Petition in name of the Gentlemen for obtaining permission for the publick Exercise of the reformed Religion but no answer was given to that Petition it was referred to the States which were to meet in May following In the same Estates at Orleans it was ordained that Canonical Elections should be restored that Bishops should be chosen by the Chapters with consent of the People and Nobility that the Annates which were sent to Rome should be abolished that Bishops and Curates should reside that all Abbots and Monks should be subject to the Jurisdiction of Bishops and that no man might give any Lands or Estates to Monasteries The Pope and King of Spain used their utmost endeavours to hinder the effect of the resolution which was taken in the Estates at Orleans concerning the Suspension of Rigours against Protestants they even attempted to bring over the King of Navarre by vain and imaginary hopes not onely of restoring Navarre which the Spaniards kept from him but also of making him King of England which as they said Queen Elizabeth had forfeited by the Crime of Heresie These vain hopes and the natural weakness of that poor Prince made him halt between the two opinions even till his death for though he was in arms against the Protestants when he was killed at the Siege of Rouen yet it is certain his Conscience was not fully satisfied as to the Religion of the Church of Rome The Protestants of Germany met at Namburg to consult what measures they were to take to provide against the inconveniencies that threatned them from the Council They essayed first to compose their own differences that they might not be upbraided with Divisions among themselves and therefore they proposed the fixing of a common Confession of Faith to which all might agree because there was even some difference in the several Editions of the Confession of Ausburg but they could not find means to adjust this As concerning the Council they resolved to petition the Emperour that he would procure one which might be free where the Pope should not preside and wherein the Protestant-Divines might have a Vote They had no hopes of obtaining such a Council but they made the demand that they might have a Pretext not to goe to that which the Pope called at Trent About the same time two Nuncio's arrived in Austria with the Bull of Convocation The Pope sends Nuncio's to the Protestant States to invite them to the Council but they are ill received The Emperour advised them to goe to the Protestants whilst they were assembled at Namburg and sent three Ambassadours with them The Protestants gave a submissive hearing to what the Emperour's Ministers had to propose to them and made them answer that they were much obliged to his Imperial Majesty but that they could not submit to a Council which was not free and wherein Controversies would not be decided purely by the word of God which was the thing they expected As for the Nuncio's they received and heard them civilly but they sent them back the Pope's Briefs sealed up as they had presented them and having considered what answer they should make they thought it best to tell them in plain terms that they acknowledged not the Pope's Jurisdiction that they were not obliged to declare to him their thoughts concerning a Council and that they had acquainted the Emperour with their intentions as to that The Nuncio's met with no better reception at Nuremberg Franckfort Ausburg and in all the other Protestant Towns but the King of Denmark was more rude with them still for he commanded them not to enter within his Dominions and sent them word that neither his Father nor he having ever had any business with the Pope he would receive no Ambassadours from him That answer extremely vexed the Nuncio Commendone who had stopt at Lubeck expecting the King's Passports to come into Denmark And it was no small mortification to the Pope that after he had stoopt so low as to send Nuncio's to those whom he lookt upon as Hereticks he should be slighted by them in that manner but it was still some comfort that his friends made it their business to give it out in all places that that great condescension was an effect of his Singular Piety and Zeal The Switzers received a Nuncio from Rome also and in their Assembly at Bade one of the Burgomasters of Zurich which was a Protestant-Town kissed the Brief when he received it The news of this was very gratefull to the Pope but that was all he got by it for the reformed Cantons refused to come to the Council and the Catholicks promised they would So that every where almost the Nuncio's met with opposition for the Emperour himself made a kind of an ambiguous answer and insisted that that Assembly might pass for a new Council Spain on the other hand stumbled at the title of Indiction and would onely have it to be a removal of the Suspension demanding that it might be expresly declared that that Assembly was a Continuation of the Council of Trent But on the contrary France openly demanded an amendment in the Bull as to the point of Continuation urging that it should no where be called the Continuation of the Council of Trent It was likewise taken ill that the King of France was not expresly named in the Bull seeing the Dignity of so great a Monarch did not admit that he should be cast in with others and onely designed in general terms The Pope had done so because he would not name him before the King of Spain and durst not name him after He made the best excuse he could and gave no great heed to those Remonstrances because he was extremely offended at the proceedings of the Estates at Orleans who had acted so contrary to his Authority and
moderation The Cardinal of Lorrain as it had been concerted came not to that Congregation wherein the Bishop of Avranches had spoken with so much Liberty and the Pretext he took for his absence was the death of the King of Navarre of which he had the news the same day The death of this Prince was like to have changed the Countenance of the Council for the Cardinal of Lorrain was tempted to return to France because there was like to be a great alteration of Assairs in that Kingdom and he could have been willing to have been there to take a share in the Government The following Congregation was taken up in Ceremonies of Thanksgiving for the Election of Maximilian King of Bohemia who was chosen King of the Romans That was the thing the Emperour had been driving at for a long time and so soon as it was accomplished he entered into Conference with the Protestant Princes to perswade them to submit to the Council They met about it and having consulted together in common they presented to the Emperour the answer which they promised some twenty months before in the Assembly of Naumburg In that answer they declared that from all that was done in the Council of Trent they appealed to a free Council and proposed ten Conditions which they knew well enough would not be granted them upon which they promised to come to the Council and submit to it For instance they demanded that it might not be called by the Pope that he should not preside in it that he should be subject to it that all things should be decided in it by the word of God alone that the Divines of the Ausburg Confession might have a Decisive Vote in it that matters should not always be carried by Plurality of Votes but by those which were most consonant to truth c. The Emperour received the Writing and in General Terms promised to endeavour the setling of Peace The Decree of Residence is completed and it is not decided whether it he of Divine Right or not After so much time and so many words spent about the Article of the Divine Right of Episcopacy nothing was ye concluded because the Legates expected the Decision from Rome Whilst this was expecting they published the Chapter of Residence wherein without deciding whether it be of Divine Right or not it was commanded under Penalties and Reward The Cardinal of Lorrain who was Archbishop of Reims and who in all appearance had no design to reside there gave his opinion about the necessity of Residence in his ordinary manner overturning in one period what he had set up in another At the same time the Legates communicated to the Ambassadours of Princes some Articles of Reformation which related to several Abuses about the Sacrament of Orders against the next Session But the Ambassadours and particularly these of the Emperour and Germans valued them but very little because they sound none of the Heads which they had proposed amongst them Reasons that shew it impossible that the Demands which all made for a Reformation should have any Success They complained that they were still amused with Trifles and that the more weighty matters were neglected It was really a rare and edifying reflexion to consider with what fervour and zeal the Ambassadours and most of the Prelates demanded Reformation It may be said that the Pope Princes and Bishops all of them demanded it and agreed to the Point in General But when it came to particulars they could not jump together in any one thing because of the prodigious diversity of interests and because every one was for reforming his Neighbour but would not be medled with himself The Court of Rome consented cordially to the Reformation of the Bishops and Princes provided it might be let alone The Bishops desired the Reformation of the Court of Rome and of Princes to get themselves out of the reach of the attempts of the Secular Power and of the Pope but they could not endure that their own Coppy-hold should be touched either as to their Authority or the Diminution of their Revenues Princes and Kings demanded the Reformation of the Clergy both in the Head and Members but they would in no terms let goe the means they had in their hands of oppressing the Church hindering Canonical Elections and conferring Benefices upon whom they thought sit The People who alone as being disinteressed could labour most effectually in that Reformation had neither Vote nor Credit in the Council And therefore all that great design of Reformation must needs vanish in smoke Since the Legates had made way for falling again upon the Point of Residence by causing the Chapter to be read which they had framed for decreeing it the Prelates began to speak again upon the same Subject The Cardinal of Lorrain assembled all the French at his house and would hear them speak to that Point where they all with one consent concluded Residence to be of Divine Right In one of the subsequent Congregations Alberto Duimio Bishop of Veglia and Island of Scavonia delivered his opinion with much force he demonstrated the same thing by a great many Reasons and Arguments which none before him had done but barely declared their Judgment upon the Point without insisting in the probation of it He laid great stress upon the saying of our Saviour that the good shepherd goes before his sheep and the sheep follow him for they know his Voice He could not throughly handle nor dive to the bottom of that Subject without hinting at many things contrary to the Interests of the Court of Rome and the Pope's Authority and Cardinal Simoneta durst not interrupt him because of the Scuffle that some days before happened upon occasion of the Bishop of Guadix who had been interrupted but he took him up privately and rebuked him sharply for having spoken against the Pope The Bishop made the best excuse he could and some days after desired leave to be gone upon Pretext of indisposition which was very willingly granted him About that time the Controversie concerning Residence changed Countenance there was now no bringing of Arguments and Testimonies to prove it to be of Divine Right and they who judged it to be of Humane Right took no more pains to find out reasons to confirm their Sentiment They thought it enough to overcome the contrary Party by the Consequences of their Doctrine for said they that opinion tends directly to the Ruine of the Authority of the Pope because by asserting the Divine Right of Residence it takes from him the Power of transferring diminishing dividing uniting and changing Episcopal Sees and indeed that was the design of the Spaniards But they dissembled it and wanted not reasons to prove that the Divine Right of Residence would advance the Papal Dignity and render it more considerable because when Bishops did reside the Revenue towards the Clergy would encrease and by consequence the Authority of the Pope as being
Church A motion was made of Marrying the Queen who was already forty years old and three Matches were proposed Cardinal Pool who was of the Bloud Royal the Lord Courtenay Cozin to Henry VIII and Philip Prince of Spain Mary chose Philip and the Emperour fearing lest Cardinal Pool who had been his Son's Competitor might by his presence cross his Marriage with Mary did all he could not make him delay his Journey and not being able to perswade him sent Don Diego de Mendoza to stop him in the Palatinate by Force and Authority The Cardinal complained of this as of an action that did violate the Majesty of the holy See and an affront done to the Pope and his Legates So that Charles having detained him sometime was forced to give him his liberty and sent him to Brussels But he found a means to amuse him in Brabant under colour of engaging him in a negotiation of Peace betwixt the King of France and himself untill the Marriage was accomplished In the beginning of the year 1554. The Emperour sent four Ambassadours into England for concluding the Treaty betwixt the Queen of England his Son and himself Mary in the mean while who with much prudence went gradually on in the re-establishment of Religion made new Proclamations restored the use of the Latin Tongue in Divine Service renounced the Supremacy in the Church gave it back to the Pope and so annulled the Acts of her Father The matter was brought before the Parliament where it met with opposition amongst the Lords because of the Church Lands possessed by the Nobles which they must be obliged to give back again So that the Pope's Supremacy past not at that time Prince Philip that he might not seem inferiour to Mary in Dignity took the Title of King of Naples and consummated his Marriage at London the twenty fifth of July being St. James his day the Patron of Spain The Parliament met again in the month of November following and Cardinal Pool was therein restored to all his rights and honours Two Members of Parliament were sent to bring him over into England and he arrived at London the twenty third of November with the Silver Cross carried before him Being brought into the House of Lords where the King and Queen were present he made a Speech to that Illustrious Assembly thanking them for the favour they had done him in restoring him to his Honours and Countrey He earnestly exhorted them to return again to the obedience of the holy See wherein he prevailed and the Ceremony of Reconciliation was performed the last day of November for the Authority of the King and Queen had obliged all the dissatisfied Members to silence which silence was taken as a consent The Queen caused a Petition to be framed wherein the Parliament begg'd Pardon of the Pope for having withdrawn themselves from under his obedience This Petition was presented to the King and Queen who rising immediately from their Chairs of State went to the Legate and besought him to grant the Parliament the Pardon which they begg'd The Legate standing up and all the Members of Parliament kneeling before him made a Speech concerning the Joy that the repentance of sinners causes in Heaven and then having prayed over them he gave them absolution The Members rose up and the whole Parliament went in body to the Church where Te Deum was Sung Next day three Ambassadours were named to goe render homage to the Pope in name of the whole Nation and this success caused so great Joy at Rome that the Pope proclaimed a Jubile the twenty fourth of December to render thanks to God for so great a blessing The Parliament of England sitting till the middle of the next year Philip and Mary got all the Ancient Laws against Here-ticks to be revived All Acts to the contrary year 1554 made in the time of Henry and his Son Edward were Repealed and afterward the rigour of the Laws that were now again in force was put in execution against the Protestants One hundred threescore and sixteen persons of Quality besides inferiour people were by Mary's Order that year put to death amongst whom Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury and the rest of the Bishops who had been the Authors of the Reformation were burnt It was put to their choice either to dye or to recant but none of them would save their Lives by a Recantation This persecution extended to the very Graves and the ashes of the dead the bodies of Bucer and Paulus Fagius who had been dead some four years were taken up and burnt So that the Protestants went to pot in all places for at the same time Henry the II. caused a great many of the reformed Religion to be burnt in France not so much out of Zeal as to satisfie the insatiable avarice of Diana of Poictiers Dutchess of Valentinois his Mistress to whom he had given the forfeitures of all that should be condemned for Heresie On the other hand Ferdinand King of the Romans published an Edict whereby he strictly charged all his Subjects not to make any innovation in matters of Religion and banished above two hundred Ministers out of Bohemia Several of his most considerable Nobility prayed him that he would at least permit the use of the Cup but he refused it and caused a Catechism to be made according to which all School masters should instruct their Scholars But this Edict did not altogether please the Pope who complained that a Prince should have undertaken to make a Formulary of Faith year 1555 The same year being 1555. a Diet was called at Ausbourg for composing the troubles of Religion Ferdinand made a long Speech in it 1555. A Diet at Ausbourg during which the Pope dies wherein he reckoned up the mischiefs that had been occasioned in Germany by those controversies in Religion and the horrid corruption of manners that these debates had drawn after them Divers means were proposed for taking up these differences and amongst others a conference of the learned of both sides but the Pope who had an aversion to any thing that bore the name of conference approved not that expedient he caused Cardinal Morone his Legate in Germany to represent to the Diet that all conferences ought to be avoided and that the onely way to put an end to controversies was that which was taken in England to wit to return again to the obedience of the holy See But Cardinal Morone was not long at Ausbourg before he heard of the death of Julius which happened in February 1555. He therefore returned to Rome to assist at the Election of a new Pope and found the business done before he came MARCEL II. Marcello Cervino Cardinal of Santa Croce was created Pope on the eighth of April 1555. It is observed as a thing singular in him that he would not change his name as others do This custome of changing of names upon promotion to the Papacy came from the Germans whose names
his Nuncio's in all places that they should exhort the Princes to have their Arms in readiness to constrain the Rebels to return into the bosome of the Church for it was not so much his thought to hold a Council for deciding of Controversies as to take from Princes all pretext of dealing with Protestants in the way of Lenity and Mildness The opinions of the Princes were extremely divided as to that particular The King of Spain approved both the Council and the choice of the place but the French refused the City of Trent and proposed Treves Constance Wormes or Haguenau The Emperour was of the same mind affirming that the Lutherans did abominate the Council which was begun that it would be impossible ever to induce them to come or to submit to the Council if a new one were not called He added that he could not undertake for the Empire before he had assembled a General Diet and that for his hereditary Dominions it would be hard for him to make them come to the Council if the Cup and Marriage of Priests were not again allowed them These proposals did not please the Pope he declared that he would never suffer the matters which had been already decided at Trent to be examined over again if it should cost him his life that as to the Restitution of the Chalice and the Marriage of Priests which were onely of positive right he should refer himself to the Council but that he would act nothing of himself alone though he had Authority to doe so The Assembly at Fontainebleau where it is resolved that a National Council shall be called in France and Severities in the mean time cease The Protestants multiplied in France and the dissentions encreased also The King was therefore obliged to call a numerous Assembly of the chief of the Kingdom to meet at Fontainebleau the twentieth of August in the same year 1560. Jean de Mouluc Bishop of Valence who was no Enemy to the Protestants and who wished for some Reformation in the Church gave his Judgment there for a national Council and for the forbearance of Persecution affirming that People were amazed at the Constancy of those that suffered which made them inform themselves about their Religion he was seconded by a great many more and Admiral Coligny himself presented to the King Petitions that had been delivered to him in Normandy which begg'd that a stop might be put to all Severities untill the Cause should be tried He added that having enquired whence these Petitions came they had made him answer that fifty thousand were ready to set their hands to them The Duke and Cardinal of Guise opposed these opinions and rejecting a national Council voted for the continuance of Severities The conclusion of the Assembly was an Edict ordaining the States to meet at Meaux the tenth of December ensuing and that if a General Council were not called the Bishops of France should assemble the thirteenth of January following that they might take their measures for holding of a national Council and that in the mean time Severities should cease That Assembly of Fontainebleau gave the Pope fresh Jealousies and he was the more afraid of the National Council because he found that the Protestants likewise demanded it He sent therefore orders to the Cardinal of Tournon his Legate in France to endeavour what lay in his power to prevent the Assembly of the Bishops and pressed the affair of calling the General Council He proposed it once again to the Ambassadours and represented to them the disorders that would be occasioned by a National Synod but he could not forbear discovering the true reason of the hatred which he bore to these National Synods in which he had not the absolute power They pretend said he to subject the Pope and Court of Rome to a Council but I am ready to lay down my life rather than to suffer it Pro fide religione volumus mori He would have the Ministers of Princes to give their opinions concerning that affair The Emperour's Ambassadour according to his Master's intention was of the mind that the matter should not be hastened too much that a Diet might be assembled to consult about it but the other Ambassadours consented to a speedy Convocation of the Council according to the intentions of the Pope In the mean time the Politicians looked upon all this eagerness of the Pope to be a kind of Comedy For they thought it a clear case that if he could not avoid a Council he would at least endeavour to put it off untill he had enriched his Family and his Nephews and that afterwards he would be willing to give others good Examples of frugality and moderation and bear more easily with the Reformations that might be made in the Council About the beginning of November Letters came to Rome from the Emperour's Court still pressing that the Council might not be called at Trent and that that Convocation might not pass for a Continuation of the former Council because the Place and that Continuation would be stumbling blocks to the Lutherans and would raise difficulties never to be surmounted France continued likewise in the same mind and the Union of those two great Powers in the same Sentiments put the Pope into a great deal of perplexity and made him thereupon hold several Congregations At length he resolved to pass over all these difficulties he minuted the Bull of Convocation The Pope formes the Bull of Convocation of the Council and still chuses the City of Trent and devised a form that might give content to all as well those who were onely for removing the Suspension of the Council as the rest who desired a Council to be called anew He gave this title to his Bull The Indiction of the Council of Trent which seemed to insinuate that it was to be a new Council but in the body of the Bull he said that he removed the Suspension and made use of the word Continue This middle way contented no body and displeased both parties However the Pope did all he could to perswade Princes to be satisfied and sent orders to his Ministers in France to endeavour to remove all Scruples about the word Continue because that should not hinder but that the affairs which had been decided under Paul and Julius III. might be reviewed if the Council thought it expedient year 1561 The opening of that Assembly was appointed to be on Easterday in the year 1561. And the Pope dispatcht the Bull into all places with Nuncio's to invite not onely Catholick Princes to the Council but all Protestant Princes also He sent the Abbot Martinengo to the Queen of England but she forbid him to enter her Dominions though the Kings that were in alliance with her had used all their interests to perswade her to receive him He had likewise designed to have sent a Nuncio into Muscovy to invite the Czar who is of the Greek Church to come to
Conspiracy of Amboise p. 283 A Council denied to the Emperour unless upon conditions which the Protestants would not accept p. 36 But afterwards granted upon conditions that are rejected by the Protestants p. 37 Called but in vain at Mantua and Vicenza p. 42 46 And then at Trent p. 52 Where with ten Bishops that were arrived the Congregation began to handle Preliminaries p. 65 The form of the Council of Trent and what had been that of ancient Councils p. 71 A Debate concerning the Title of the Council p. 74 About the Order p. 77 About the Seal to be used for Letters p. 78 To amuse the Council the Creed is published p. 79 But three moderate Divines at the Council p. 116 The Council is puzzled in forming Decrees and essays by their ambiguity to give all content p. 133 It is transported to Bologna under pretext of bad Air at Trent p. 166 And divided part of the Prelates removing to Bologna and part staying at Trent p. 167 c. It is opened again at Trent for the second Convocation p. 192 And suspended because of the War of Germany p. 245 The Pope has enough of Councils neither does the Emperour care for them p. 249 The Council opened again at Trent under Pope Pius IV. p. 311 It begins with the Books to be prohibited and the Indices Expurgatorii p. 313 It is publickly said that the Council is not the Council of the Vniversal Church but of the Pope p. 357 The Bishops complain that the Council is taken up about trifles p. 386 Some Bishops apparently ill satisfied with the Infallibility of the Council p. 393 A Letter from the Emperour to the Pope and Council about the Disorders of the Council p. 490 The Council ill satisfied with the Peace of Orleans that the King of France had made with the Huguenots p. 499 The Legates seek out means of concluding the Council speedily and the Count de Luna opposes it p. 441 New troubles are started p. 551 The Council precipitates to its end the Spaniards oppose it p. 572 Confirmation of the Council demanded of the Pope but all are not of that mind p. 575 The Council is confirmed by a Bull of Pius IV. p. 588 Croisades their Original p. 3 The Cup demanded by the French p. 304 And by the Germans about which the Divines give their Opinions p. 347 Both join in that point p. 355 The restoring of it to the Germans is moved p. 380 It is referred to the Pope p. 385 Cruelties practised in several Kingdoms against Protestants p. 256 D. DAnes Ambassadour of France comes to the Council and makes a long Harangue p. 106 Decrees made with a great deal of difficulty and affected Ambiguity to give all content p. 133 The Decrees concerning Penance opposed by the Divines p. 221 The Decree about the Reformation of Princes cause great Trouble v. Legates An abstract of that Decree p. 560 Degradations their Original and Progress p. 212 Diet of Nuremberg where the hundred Grievances were presented p. 17 Diet of Ratisbonne where a Decree past against Luther p. 18 Diet of Spire where Attempts were made to divide the Protestants p. 29 Diet of Ausburg where the Protestants present their Confessions and depart without accommodation though attempted p. 32 Another Diet as Spire where the Emperour gives a new Edict of Liberty till the next Council p. 54 Another at Ausburg where the Protestants promise to submit to the Council p. 171 There the Emperour makes the Interim and a Decree of Reformation p. 176 A Third Diet at Ausburg for composing the troubles of Religion p. 257 Where an Edict of Liberty is made which offends the Pope p. 261 A Diet at Naumburg in Saxony p. 293 Daily Distributions p. 332 Dominico à Soto and Luigi di Catanea both Jacobins and Thomists differ about the Point of Grace p. 128 E. EDict of Wormes against Luther p. 9. Edict of January in favour of the Protestants made at St. Germains en Laye p. 312 Edward King of England dies and Mary his Sister succeeds to him who restores the Catholick Religion p. 252 The Electorate of Saxony transferred to the Branch of Maurice p. 171 The Electour of Brandenburg sends his Ambassadours to the Council p. 215 Elizabeth Queen of England succeeds Mary her Sister and re-establishes the Reformation p. 274 Emperour v. Charles V. England during the Reign of Henry VIII shakes off the Pope's Authority without any innovation in Religion p. 39 The Catholick Religion is maintained there by Queen Mary 〈◊〉 the death of Edward her Brother to whom she succeeded p. 252 Episcopacy and Vehement Contests about the Point p. 413 c. 422 c. 435 c. 448. and elsewhere The Eucharist serves for matter to be treated in the tenth Session p. 170 Exemptions granted by the Pope in prejudice of Ordinaries p. 138 ExtremeVnction and Penance handled in the fourteenth Session p. 218 F. FArnese v. Paul III. and Octavio Farnese Du Ferrier Ambassadour of France learned in Antiquity p. 356 He speaks in Congregation after the Cardinal of Lorrain and his Speech nettles the Council p. 442 Another Speech of his after the reading of the French King's Letters in Council which acquainted the Fathers with his Victory over the Protestants p. 476 He protests against the Decree of the Reformation of Princes and makes a Speech which pricks the Prelates to the quick p. 561 Francis I. absolved by Pope Clement VII from the Oaths which he had taken in Prison p. 21 He dies p. 167 Francis II. dies and Katherine of Medicis his Mother assembles the States at Orleans p. 291 The French present their Memoires containing thirty four Demands p. 460 Frederick Electour of Saxony is made Prisoner wounded and condemned to death by the Emperour Charles V. p. 169 Can neither be moved by Prayers nor threats p. 171 Frederick Nauseus Bishop of Vienna sent to the Council with Paolo Gregoriani Bishop of Zagabria in Sclavonia by the King of the Romans p. 198 Free will handled in the VI. Session p. 125 G. GIacomo Cocco Archbishop of Corsou is of the mind that no opinion which could be interpreted in a sound sense should be condemned p. 133 Grace serves for matter to the Council in the VI. Session p. 113 Catarino's opinion about works that precede Grace p. 118 A Dispute about the Preparations to Grace and the Merit of Congruity p. 119 A Debate about the certainty that one may have of being in the State of Grace p. 123 The Thomists are divided about the matter of Grace â—il â—a p. 128 The hundred Grievances proposed to the Pope at the Diet of Nuremberg p. 17 The Grisons recall Thomas Planta Bishop of Coire p. 220 Gropper a Divine and Lawyer votes for the abolition of Episcopal Jurisdiction and Ecclesiastick Tribunals p. 210 He is refuted by Baptista Castello Promooter of the Council about the Subject of immediate appeal to the Pope p. 211 H. HEnry VIII King of
England writes against Luther p. 9. Shakes off the Pope's Authority without any innovation in Religion p. 39 Is excommunicated by Pope Paul III. p. 47 Henry II. King of France succeeds to Francis I. p. 167 He clashes with the Pope and sends not his Prelates to the Council p. 193 Causes Amiot his Ambassadour to protest against the Council p. 198 Then publishes a Manifesto against the Pope p. 200 Does all that lies in his Power to ruine the Protestants in his Kingdom p. 278 His death p. 279 Herman Archbishop of Cologne is excommunicated by the Pope and obliged to resign his Archbishoprick p. 90 Of the Hierarchy of the Church p. 405 I. IAmes Lainez General of the Jesuits creates no small trouble to the Council about Precedence p. 377 His Speech against the Divine Right of Episcopacy and what it produced p. 426 Another Discourse of his in favour of the Court of Rome p. 529 The Imperialists leave the City of Rome p. 28 Indices Expurgatorii and their Original p. 313 The Inquisition setled at Naples and causes a great Sedition p. 170 The Intention of the Priest in administring the Sacraments according to the Judgment of Ambrosio Cararino p. 151 The Interim made by the Emperour at the Diet of Ausburg p. 176 Much opposition made to the Establishment of it p. 179 Interviews betwixt the Emperour and the Pope the first the second 37. the third p. 44 An Interview of the Pope Emperour and King of France p. 47 A fourth Interview betwixt the Pope and the Emperour p. 52 A fifth p. 53 Julius II. Excommunicated Lewis XII King of France p. 2 He dies ibid. Julius III. formerly named John Maria di Monte succeeds to Paul III. p. 182 He clashes with the King of France p. 193 Sends into France Ascamo della Corna his Nephew to hinder the King from protecting the Duke of Parma and from calling a national Council p. 195 At one dash creates fourteen Italian Cardinals p. 232 His Death and Successour p. 257 The Jurisdiction of Bishops is the matter as to Reformation for the thirteenth Session p. 201 The Jurisdiction of the Tribunals of the Church their Original and Progress p. 206 Gropper votes for its abolition p. 210 Divers Regulations concerning Episcopal Jurisdiction p. 225 Justification and Imputed Righteousness p. 121 K. KAtherine of Medicis Queen Regent of France assembles the States at Orleans p. 291 Her designs for Reformation p. 299 and 312 L. LAinez v. James Lainez The Landgrave of Hesse attempts an Agreement betwixt Luther and Zuinglius but without Success p. 30 Is made Prisoner by the Emperour p. 169 The Legates complain that there appeared Division in the very Session and pretend to enter upon business p. 76 Oppose the beginning with Reformation p. 78 Make a Translation of the Council upon Pretext of bad Air. p. 164 Propose the Decree of the Reformation of Princes and the Ambassadours oppose it p. 546 The more they press the mater the greater noise it makes p. 553 The Protestation of the French Ambassadours against that Decree p. 556 The Legates press the Conclusion of the Council p. 572 Leo. X. created Pope and his Character p. 2 Causes Indulgences to be published in Germany by the advice of Cardinal Santiquatro and gives a great part of the profit of them to his Sister p. 3 Publishes a Bull for the Indulgences p. 6 Thunders a Bull against Luther and his Doctrine p. 7 Lewis XII King of France excommunicated by Pope Julius II. p. 2 Forms a Party against Julius II. and gets the Cardinals to assemble at Pisa for Election of another Pope ibid. Lewis d'Avila sent by the Emperour to Rome to solicite the Re-establishment of the Council p. 183 Luigi di Catanea and Dominico à Soto differ about the Point of Grace p. 128 Luther publishes Theses against the Doctrine of Indulgences which are answered by other Theses set out by John setzel a Jacobin who caused the Theses of Luther to he burnt p. 5 He is cited to appear at Ausburg before Cardinal Cajetan p. 6 Has two Conferences with the Cardinal without success and appeals to a Council ibid. He burns the Pope's Bull and Book of Decretals p. 8 Is cited to Wormes before the Emperour Charles V. ibid. But would neither recant nor condemn his Doctrine p. 9 An Edict past against him at Wormes ibid. Confirmed by a Decree at Ratisbonne p. 18 Abstracts are made of Lutheran Writings p. 145 M. THE Malecontents pass a severe censure vpon the Decrees of the Council p. 141 Mantua chosen by Paul III. for the place of holding the Council p. 44 The Cardinal of Mantua Legate dies at Trent p. 486 Marcello II. created Pope will not change his Name according to the Custom of other Popes and whence what Custom hath arisen p. 257 His Character and death that happened by an Apoplexy two and twenty days after his Exaltation p. 258 Marriage is reduced to eight Articles p. 473 Decrees and Canons are formed concerning that matter p. 544 Clandestine Marriages occasion fresh Debates p. 548 Mary succeeds her Brother Edward to the Crown of England and restores the Catholick Religion p. 252 She is rigorous against the Protestants p. 256 Her death p. 274 Marinier a Carmelite is not of opinion that Traditions should be made a Point of Faith p. 83 Will have the Name of Justifying Faith onely giv'n to that which works by Charity p. 117 Defends with Ambrosio Catarino the opinion that one may be certain of being in the State of Grace p. 123 Mass v. Sacrifice Maurice invested by the Emperour in the Electorate of Saxony whereof his Cousin Frederick had been dispossessed p. 171 Takes up Arms for the Liberty of Germany and of Religion p. 243 Maximilian King of Bohemia and of the Romans suspected of Lutheranism p. 286 Melancthon named with Bucer and Pistorius to speak for the Protestants p. 50 Is one of twelve who were opposed to a like number of Catholick Doctours in the Conference of Wormes p. 273 Mendicant Friars raise a great Debate upon occasion of Preaching and the Pulpits which they had seized p. 91 Misunderstanding betwixt the Pope and the Council and amongst the Fathers of the Council themselves p. 337 Morone Cardinal Legate in Spain under Julius III. p. 257 Is appointed first President of the Council by Pius IV. p. 489 Comes to Trent and went to the Emperour at Inspruck p. 448 Returns to the Council p. 506 N. NAvagiero Cardinal named Legate for presiding in the Council arrives at Trent with orders to endeavour a strict Reformation p. 502 Naumburg a Town of upper Saxony where the Protestant Princes held an Assembly p. 293 Nuncio's ill received by the Protestants in Germany p. 244 Nuremberg the Place of the Diet where the Hundred Grievances were presented p. 17 O. OCtavio Farnese Duke of Parma General of the Pope's Forces p. 111 Offerings and Oblations in what manner they may be permitted p. 154 Opinions about