them by Faith for our light affliction which is but for a moment worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory whilst we look not at the things which are seen but at the things which are not seen And he resumes the same Argument again at the beginning of this Chapter for we know that if our Earthly House of this Tabernacle were dissolved we have a Building of God a House not made with Hands eternal in the Heavens that is we are firmly perswaded that when we die we shall but exchange these Earthly and Perishing Bodies these Houses of Clay for a Heavenly Mansion which will never decay nor come to ruine from whence he concludes Verse 6. Therefore we are always confident 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 therefore what ever happens to us we are always of good courage and see no reason to be afraid of Death knowing that whilst we are at home in the Body we are absent from the Lord that is since our continuance in the Body is to our disadvantage and while we live we are absent from our Happiness and when we die we shall then enter upon the Possession of it That which gives us this confidence and good courage is our Faith for tho' we be not actually possest of this Happiness which we speak of yet we have a firm perswasion of the reality of it which is enough to support our Spirits and keep up our Courage under all afflictions and adversities whatsoever Verse 7. for we walk by Faith not by Sight These words come in by way of Parenthesis in which the Apostle declares in general what is the swaying and governing Principle of a Christian life not only in case of persecution and affliction but under all events and in every condition of Humane life and that is Faith in opposition to Sight and present Enjoyment we walk by Faith and not by Sight We walk by Faith what ever Principle sways and governs a Mans life and actions he is said to walk and live by it And as here a Christian is said to walk by Faith so elsewhere the just is said to live by Faith Faith is the Principle which animates all his resolutions and actions And not by Sight The word is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies the thing it self in present view and possession in opposition to a firm perswasion of things future and invisible Sight is the thing in Hand and Faith the thing only in Hope and Expectation Sight is a clear view and apprehension of things present and near to us Faith an obscure discovery and apprehension of things at a distance So the Apostle tells us 2 Cor. 13. 12. Now we see through a Glass darkly this is Faith but then face to face this is present sight as one Man sees another face to face and thus likewise the same Apostle distinguisheth betwixt Hope and Sight Rom. 8. 24. 25. Hope that is seen is not Hope for what a Man sees why doth he yet Hope for it but if we Hope for that which we see not then do we with patience wait for it Sight is possession and enjoyment Faith is the firm perswasion and expectation of a thing and this the Apostle tells us was the governing principle of a Christian's life for we walk by Faith and not by Sight from which words I shall observe these Three things I. That Faith is the Governing Principle and that which bears the great sway in the Life and Actions of a Christian we walk by Faith that is we Order and Govern our Lives in the Power and Virtue of this Principle II. Faith is a degree of assent inferiour to that of Sense This is sufficient-intimated in the opposition betwixt Faith and Sight He had said before that whilst we are at home in the Body we are absent from the Lord and gives this as a Reason and Proof of our absence from the Lord for we walk by Faith and not by Sight that is whilst we are in the Body we do not see and enjoy but believe and expect if we were present with the Lord then Faith would cease and be turned into Sight but tho' we have not that assurance of another world which we shall have when we come to see and enjoy these things yet we are firmly perswaded of them III. Notwithstanding Faith be an inferiour degree of Assurance yet 't is a Principle of sufficient power to govern our Lives we walk by Faith it is such an Assurance as hath an influence upon our Lives I. That Faith is the Governing Principle and that which bears the great sway in the Life and Actions of a Christian We walk by Faith that is we Order and Govern our Lives in the Power and Virtue of this Principle A Christian's Life consists in obedience to the will of God that is in a readiness to do what he commands and in a willingness to suffer what he calls us to and the great Arguments and Incouragements hereto are such things as are the Objects of Faith and not of Sense such things as are absent and future and not present and in possession for Instance the Belief of an invisible God of a secret Power and Providence that Orders and Governs all things that can bless or blast us and all our Designs and Undertakings according as we demean our selves towards him and endeavour to approve our selves to him the Perswasion of a secret aid and influence always ready at hand to keep us from Evil and to strengthen and assist us to that which is good more especially the firm Belief and expectation of the Happiness of Heaven and the glorious Rewards of another world which tho' they be now at a distance and invisible to us yet being grounded upon the Promise of God that cannot lie shall certainly be made good And this Faith this firm Perswasion of absent and invisible things the Apostle to the Hebrews tells us was the great Principle of the Piety and Virtue of good Men from the beginning of the World This he calls Ch. 11. verse 1. the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the confident expectation of things hoped for and the proof or evidence of things not seen viz. a firm perswasion of the Being and Providence of God and of the Truth and Faithfulness of his Promises Such was the Faith of Abel he believed that there was a God and that he was a rewarder of those that faithfully serve him Such was the Faith of Noah who being warned of God of things at a great distance and not seen as yet notwithstanding believed the Divine Prediction concerning the Flood and prepared an Ark Such also was the Faith of Abraham concerning a numerous Posterity by Isaac and the Inheritance of the Land of Canaan and such likewise was the Faith of Moses he did as firmly believe the invisible God and the recompence of reward as if he had beheld them with his eyes And of this Recompence of Reward we Christians have
Obedience and Self-denyal He begins with the Patriarchs before the Flood but insists chiefly upon the examples of two eminent Persons of their own Nation as nearest to them and most likely to prevail upon them the Examples of Abraham and Moses the one the Father of their Nation the other their great Lawgiver and both of them the greatest Patterns of Faith and Obedience and Self-denyal that the History of all former Ages from the beginning of the World had afforded I shall at this time by God's assistance treat of the first of these the Example of Abraham the Constancy of whose Faith and the cheerfulness of whose Obedience even in the difficultest Cases is so remarkable above all the other Examples mentioned in this Chapter For at the Command of God he left his Kindred and his Country not knowing whither he should go By which eminent Act of Obedience he declared himself to be wholly at God's Disposal and ready to follow him But this was no tryal in comparison of that here in my Text when God commanded him to offer up his only Son But such was the immutable stedfastness of his Faith and the perfect submission of his Obedience that it does not appear that he made the least check at it but out of perfect Reverence and Obedience to the Authority of the divine Command he went about it as readily and cheerfully as if God had bid him do some small thing By Faith Abraham when he was tryed offered up Isaac For the explication of which Words it will be requisite to consider two things First The Tryal or Temptation in general Secondly The Excellency of Abraham's Faith and Obedience upon this Tryal First The Tryal or Temptation in general It is said that Abraham when he was tryed the word is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being Tempted That is God intending to make Tryal of his Faith and Obedience and so it is exprest Gen. 22. 1. Where it is said that God did Tempt Abraham and said unto him take now thy Son thine only Son Now there are two difficulties concerning this matter It seems contrary to Scripture that God should Tempt any Man and contrary to Reason because God who knows what every Man will do needed not to make tryal of any Man's Faith or Obedience First It seems contrary to Scripture which say's God Tempts no Man and 't is most true that God Tempts no Man with a design to draw him into Sin but this doth not hinder but he may try their Faith and Obedience with great difficulties to make them the more illustrious Thus God Tempted Abraham and he permitted Job and even our Blessed Saviour himself to be thus Tempted Secondly It seems contrary to Reason that God who knows what any Man will do in any Circumstances should go to make Tryal of it But God does not try Men for his own information but to give an illustrious Proof and Example to others of Faith and Obedience And tho after this Tryal of Abraham God says to him now I know that thou lovest me because thou hast not withheld thy Son thine only Son from me Yet we are to understand this as spoken after the manner of Men As God elsewhere speaks to Abraham concerning Sodom I will go down now to see whether they have done altogether aecording to the cry which is come up unto me and if not I will know I proceed to the Second thing I proposed The Excellency of Abraham's Faith and Obedience upon this Tryal By Faith Abraham when he was tryed offered up Isaac God accepts of it as if he had done it because he had done it in part and was ready to have performed the rest if God had not countermanded him And this act of Faith and Obedience in Abraham will appear the more illustrious if we consider these three things First The firmness and stedfastness of his Faith notwithstanding the objections against it Secondly The constancy of his resolution notwithstanding the difficulty of the thing Thirdly The reasonableness of his Faith in that he gave satisfaction to himself in so hard and perplext a Case First The firmness and stedfastness of his Faith will appear if we consider what objections there were in the case enough to shake a very strong Faith There were three great objections against this Command and such as might in reason make a wise and good Man doubtful whether this Command were from God The horrid nature of the thing commanded The grievous scandal that might seem almost unavoidably to follow upon it And the horrible consequence of it which seemed to make the former promise of God to Abraham void First the horrid nature of the thing commanded which was for a Father to kill his own Child this must needs appear very barbarous and unnatural and look liker a Sacrifice to an Idol than to the true God It seemed to be against the Law of Nature and directly contrary to that kindness and affection which God himself had planted in the hearts of Parents towards their Children And there is no affection more natutural and strong than this for there are many persons that would redeem the Lives of their Children with the hazard of their own Now that God hath planted such an affection in Nature is an argument that it is good and therefore it could not but seem strange that he should command any thing contrary to it And in this case there were two circumstances that increased the horrour of the fact That his Son was innocent and that he was to Slay him with his own hands First That his Son was Innocent It would grieve the heart of any Father to give up his Son to Death tho he were never so undutiful and disobedient So passionately was David affected with the death of his Son Absolom as to wish he had dyed for him tho he dyed in the very act of Rebellion and tho the saving of his Life had been inconsistent with the Peace of his Government How deep then must it sink into the heart of a Father to give up his innocent Son to death And such a Son was Isaac for any thing appeared to the contrary God himself gave him this testimony that he was the Son whom his Father loved and there is no intimation of any thing to the contrary Now this could not but appear strange to a good Man that God should command an innocent person to be put to death But Secondly That a Father should be commanded not only to give up his Son to death but to slay him with his own Hands not only to be a Spectator but to be the Actor in this Tragedy What Father would not shrink and start back at such a Command What good Man especially in such a case and where Nature was so hard prest would not have been apt to have looked upon such a Revelation as this rather as the suggestion and illusion of an evil Spirit than a Command of God And yet Abraham's Faith was
word with joy and endure for a while but when tribulation and persecution ariseth because of the word presently they are offended not that they did not believe the Word but their Faith had taken no deep root and therefore it withered The weakness and wavering of Mens Faith makes them unstable and inconstant in their course because they are not of one mind but divided betwixt two interests that of this world and the other and the double minded man as St. James tells us is unstable in all his ways It is generally a true rule so much wavering as we see in the actions and lives of Men so much weakness there is in their Faith and therefore he that would know what any Man firmly believes let him attend to his actions more than to his professions If any Man live so as no Man that heartily believes the Christian Religion can live it is not credible that such a Man doth firmly believe the Christian Religion He says he does but there is a greater evidence in the case than words there is Testimonium rei the Man's actions are to the contrary and they do best declare the inward sense of the Man Did Men firmly believe that there is a God that governs the world and that he hath appointed a day wherein he will judge it in righteousnes and that all mankind shall shortly appear before him and give an account of themselves and all their actions to him and that those who have kept the Faith and a good Conscience and have lived soberly and righteously and godly in this present world shall be unspeakably and eternally happy but the fearful and unbelieving those who out of fear or interest have deserted the Faith or lived wicked lives shall have their portion in the lake which burns with fire and brimstone I say were Men firmly persuaded of these things it is hardly credible that any Man should make a wrong choice and forsake the ways of Truth and Righteousness upon any temptation whatsoever Faith even in temporal matters is a mighty principle of action and will make Men to attempt and undergo strange and difficult things The Faith of the Gospel ought to be much more operative and powerful because the Objects of Hope and Fear which it presents to us are far greater and more considerable than any thing that this world can tempt or terrifie us withall Would we but by Faith make present to our minds the invisible things of another world the happiness of Heaven and the terrors of Hell and were we as verily persuaded of them as if they were in our view how should we despise all the pleasures and terrors of this world And with what ease should we resist and repel all those temptations which would seduce us from our duty or draw us into sin A firm and unshaken belief of these things would effectually remove all those mountains of difficulty and discouragement which Men fancy to themselves in the ways of Religion To him that believeth all things are possible and most things would be easie 2. Another reason of this wrong choice is want of consideration for this would strengthen our Faith and make it more vigorous and powerful And indeed a Faith which is well rooted and establishould doth suppose a wise and deep consideration of things and the want of this is a great cause of the fatal miscarriage of Men that they do not sit down and consider with themselves seriously how much Religion is their interest and how much it will cost them to be true to it and to persevere in it to the end We suffer our selves to be governed by sense and to be transported with present things but do not consider our future and lasting interest and the whole duration of an immortal Soul And this is the reason why so many men are hurried away by the present and sensible delights of this world because they will not take time to think of what will be hereafter For it is not to be imagined but that the Man who hath seriously considered what sin is the shortness of its pleasure and the eternity of its punishment should resolve to forsake sin and to live a holy and virtuous life To conclude this whole Discourse If Men did but seriously believe the great principles of Religion the Being and the Providence of God the immortality of their Souls the glorious rewards and the dreadful punishments of another world they could not possibly make so imprudent a choice as we see a great part of mankind to do they could not be induced to forsake God and Religion for any temporal interest and advantage to renounce the favour of Heaven and all their hopes of happiness in another world for any thing that this world can afford nay not for the whole world if it were offered to them For as our Saviour reasons in this very case of forsaking our Religion for any temporal interest or consideration what is a man profited if he gain the whole world and lose his own Soul or what shall a man give in exchange for his Soul When ever any of us are tempted in this kind let that solemn declaration of our Saviour and our Judge be continually in our minds he that confesseth me before men him will I confess also before my Father which is in heaven but whosever shall be ashamed of me and of my words in this adulterous and sinful generation of him shall the son of man be ashamed when he shall come in the glory of his Father with his holy Angels And we have great cause to thank God to see so many in this day of tryal and hour of temptation to adhere with so much resolution and constancy to their Holy Religion and to prefer the keeping of Faith and a good Conscience to all earthly considerations and advantages And this very thing that so many hold their Religion so fast and are so loth to part with it gives great hopes that they intend to make good use of it and to frame their lives according to the holy rules and precepts of it which alone can give us peace whilst we live and comfort when we come to die and after death secure to us the possession of a happiness large as our wishes and lasting as our Souls To which God of his Infinite Goodness bring us all for his mercy's sake in Jesus Christ To whom with the Father and the Holy Ghost be all Honour and Glory World without end Amen A SERMON ON HEB. X. 23. Let us hold fast the profession of our Faith without wavering for he is faithful that hath promised THE main Scope and design of this Epistle to the Hebrews is to persuade the Jews who were newly converted to Christianity to continue stedfast in the profession of that Holy and Excellent Religion which they had embraced and not to be removed from it either by the subtile insinuations of their Brethren the Jews who pretended that they were in possession
to turn them into jest and raillery this is not only a Renouncing of Christianity the Religion which God hath revealed but even of the Religion which is born with us and the Principles and Notions which God hath planted in every Man's Mind this is an Impiety of the First Magnitude and not to be mentioned without grief and horror and this it is to be feared hath had a great hand in those great Calamities which our eyes have seen and I pray God it do not draw down still more and greater Judgments upon this Nation But I hope there are none here that need to be cautioned against this horrible impiety and highest degree of Apostasie from the living God that which People are much more in danger of is Apostasie from the Purity of the Christian Doctrine and Worship so happily recovered by a regular Reformation and establisht amongst us by all the Authority that Laws both Ecclesiastical and Civil can give it and which in Truth is no other than the Ancient and Primitive Christianity I say a defection from this to those gross Errors and Superstitions which the Reformation had paired off and freed us from I do not say that this is a total Apostasie from Christianity but it is a partial Apostasie and Defection and a very dangerous one and that those who after they have received the knowledge of the truth fall off from it into those Errors and Corruptions are highely guilty before God and their condition certainly worse and more dangerous than of those who where brought up in those Errors and Superstitions and never knew better for there are terrible threatnings in Scripture against those who fall away from the Truth which they once embraced and were convinced of If we sin wilfully after we have received the knowledge of the truth c. and if any man draw back my soul shall have no pleasure in him God considers every Man's Advantages and Opportunities of Knowledge and their Disadvantages likewise and makes all reasonable Allowances for them and for Men to continue in the Errors they have been always brought up in or which comes much to one in Errors which they were led into by Principles early infused into them before they were in any measure competent Judges of those matters I say for such Persons to continue in these Errors and to oppose and reject the contrary Truths against which by their Education they have received so strong and violent a Prejudice this may be in a great degree excusable and find Pardon with God upon a general Repentance for all Sins both known and unknown and cannot be reasonably charged with the Guilt of this great Sin of Apostasie But not to abide in the Truth after we have entertain'd and profess'd it having sufficient Means and Advantages of knowing it hath no Excuse I would not be rash in condemning Particular Persons of any Society or Communion of Christians provided they be sincerely devout and just and sober to the best of their Knowledge I had much rather leave them to God whose mercies are great than to pass an uncharitable Censure upon them as to their Eternal State and Condition But the Case is far otherwise where the Oportunities of Knowledge are afforded to Men and men love darkness rather than light for they who have the Means and Advantages of knowing their Master's will are answerable to God as if they had known it because if they had not been grosly negligent and wanting to themselves they might have known it And this I fear is the Case of the generality of those who have been bred up to years of Consideration and Choice in the Reformed Religion and forsake it because they do it without sufficient Reason and there are invincible Objections against it They do it without sufficient Reason because every one amongst us knows or may know upon very little Enquiry that we hold all the Articles of the Faith which are contained in the Ancient Creeds of the Christian Church and into which all Christians are baptized that we inculcate upon Men the Necessity of a Good Life and of sincere Repentance and perfect Contrition for our Sins such as is follow'd with real Reformation and Amendment of our Lives and that without this no Man can be saved by any Device whatsoever Now what Reason can any Man have to question whether he may be saved in that Faith which saved the first Christians and by believing the Twelve Articles of the Apostles Creed tho he cannot swallow the Twelve Articles which are added to it in the Creed of Pope Pius IV. every one of which besides many and great Corruptions and Superstitions in Worship are so many and invincible Objections against the Communion of the Roman Church as I could particularly shew if it had not been already done in so many learned Treatises upon this Argument What is there then that should move any reasonable Man to forsake the Communion of our Church and to quit the Reformed Religion There are Three things chiefly with which they endeavour to amuse and affright weaker Minds 1. A great Noise of Infallibility which they tell us is so excellent a means to determine and put an end to all Differences To which I shall at present only object this Prejudice That there are not wider and hotter Differences among us about any thing whatsoever than are amongst them about this admirable means of ending all Differences as where this Infallibility is feated that Men may know how to have recourse to it for the ending of Differences 2. They endeavour to fright Men with the danger of Schism But every Man knows that the Guilt of Schism lies at their Door who impose sinful Articles of Communion and not upon them who for fear of sinning against God cannot submit to those Articles which we have done and are still ready to make good to be the Case betwixt us and the Church of Rome But 3. The terrible Engine of all is their positive and confident damning of all that live and die out of the Communion of their Church This I have fully spoken to upon another Occasion and therefore shall only say at present that every Man ought to have better Thoughts of God than to believe that he who delighteh not in the death of sinners and would have all men to be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth will confirm the Sentence of such uncharitable Men as take upon them to condemn Men for those things for which our Saviour in his Gospel condemns no Man And of all things in the World one would think that the Uncharitableness of any Church should be an Argument to no Man to run into its Communion I shall conclude with the Apostle's Exhortation ver 23. of this Chapter Let us hold fast the profession of our Faith without wavering and provoke one another to charity and good works and so much the more because the Day approacheth in which God will judge the faith
be Miserable for Ever neither of these Arguments would be of force sufficient to perswade a Man to it The first of these namely the Promise of Eternal Happiness could signifie nothing to him that is to be Eternally Miserable because if he be to be so it is impossible that he should ever have the benefit of that Promise and the threatning of Eternal Misery could be no Argument in this Case because the Duty is just as difficult as the Argument is powerful and no Man can be moved to submit to any thing that is grievous and terrible but by something that is more terrible for if it be not it is the same thing whether he submit to it or not and then no Man can be content to be Eternally Miserable only for the fear of being so for this would be for a Man to run himself upon that very inconvenience which he is so much afraid of and 't is madness for a Man to die for fear of death Quis novus hic furor est ne moriare mori By this it plainly appears how unreasonable it is to imagin that by this Precept of Self-denial our Saviour should require Men to renounce Everlasting Happiness and to be content to be Miserable for Ever upon any account whatsoever because this were to suppose that God hath imposed that upon us as a Duty to oblige us whereto there can be no Argument offer'd that can be powerful enough As for the Glory of God which is pretended to be the Reason it is an impossible Supposition because it cannot be for the Glory of God to make a Creature for Ever Miserable that shall not by his Wilful Obstinacy and Impenitence deserve to be so But this is only cast in to add weight The other Reason of the Good and Salvation of our Brethren is the only Consideration for which there is any manner of colour from Scripture and two Instances are alledged to this purpose of two very Excellent Persons that seem to have desired this and to have submitted to it and therefore it is not so unreasonable as we would make it that our Saviour should enjoyn it as a Duty The Instances alledged are these Moses desired of God that he might be blotted out of the Book of Life rather than the People of Israel whom he had Conducted and Governed so long should be destroyed And in the New Testament St. Paul tells us That he could wish that himself were accursed from Christ for his Brethren so earnest a desire had he of their Salvation But neither of these Instances are of force sufficient to overthrow the Reasons of my former Discourse for the desire of Moses amounts only to a submission to a Temporal death that his Nation might be saved from a Temporal ruin For the Expression of blotting out of the Book of Life is of the same importance with those Phrases so frequently used in the Old Testament of blotting out from the face of the Earth and blotting out one's name from under Heaven which signifie no more than Temporal death and destruction and then Moses's Wish was reasonable and generous and signifies no more but that he was willing if God pleased to die to save the Nation As for St. Paul's Wish of being accursed from Christ it is plainly an Hyperbolical Expression of his great Affection to his Country-men the Jews and his Zeal for their Salvation which was so great that if it had been a thing reasonable and lawful he could have wisht the greatest Evil to himself for their sakes and therefore it is observable that it is not a positive and absolute wish but exprest in the usual form of ushering in an Hyperbole I could wish just as we are wont to say when we would express a thing to the hight which is not fit nor intended to be done by us I could wish so or so I could even afford to do this or that which kind of speeches no Man takes for a strict and precise Declaration of our minds but for a figurative expression of a great Passion And thus I have done with the first thing I proposed for the Explication of this Precept or Duty of Self-denial which was to remove some sorts of Self-denial which by some are frequently instanced in as intended by our Saviour in this Precept I proceed now to the Second thing I proposed which is to declare positively what that Self-denial is which our Saviour here intends and 't is plainly this and nothing but this that we should be willing to part with all Earthly Comforts and Conveniences to quit all our Temporal Interests and Enjoyments and even Life it self for the sake of Christ and his Religion This our Saviour means by denying our selves and then which is much the same with the other that we should be willing to bear any Temporal inconvenience and suffering upon the same account This is to take up our Cross and follow him And that this is the full meaning of these two Phrases of denying our selves and taking up our Cross will clearly appear by considering the particular Instances which our Saviour gives of this Self-denyal when ever he hath occasion to speak of it by which you will plainly see that these expressions amount to no more than I have said Even here in the Text after our Saviour had told his Disciples that he that would come after him must deny himself and take up his Cross It follows immediately for whosoever will save his life shall lose it and whosoever will lose his life for my sake shall find it You see here that he instanceth in parting with our lives for him as the highest piece of Self-denyal which he requires And he himself elsewhere tells us that greater love than this hath no man than that a man lay down his life for his friend Elsewhere he instanceth in quitting our nearest Relations for his sake Luke 14. 26 27. If any man come to me and hate not his father and mother and wife and children and brethren and sisters yea and his own life also he cannot be my Disciple and whosoever doth not bear his Cross and come after me he cannot be my Disciple Which expressions of hating Father and Mother and other Relations and even Life it self are not to be understood Rigorously and in an absolute Sense but Comparatively for it is an Hebrew manner of speech to express that Absolutely which is meant only Comparatively and so our Saviour explains himself in a parallel Text to this Matth. 10. 37 38. He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me And he that taketh not his Cross and followeth after me is not worthy of me In another place our Saviour instanceth in quitting our Estates for his sake Matth. 19. 29. Every one that shall forsake houses or brethren or sisters or father or mother or wife or children or lands for my