College by Edm. de Gonvil 1353. Repaired by J. Caius Dr. of Physick 1557. Kings College by King Henry the Sixth 1441. Queens College by Margaret his Wife in the same Year Katharine-Hall by R. Woodlark Provost of Kings College 1475. Jesus College by J. Alcock Bishop of Ely 1497. Christs College by Mar. Countess of Derby where the College of Gods House stood 1505. St. John's College by the same 1508. Magdalen College by T. Audley Lord Chancellor of England 1542. Trinity College by Henry the Eighth 1546. Emmanuel College by Sir Walter Mildmay 1584. Sidney Suâ—â— College by Frances Countess of Suâ—â— Daughter of Sir William Sidney 1598. There is a story of King Edward the He Reigned A. D. 1042. Confessor that as he lay in his Bed in an Afternoon with his Curtains drawn a Courtier came into his Chamber where finding the Kings Casket open which Hugoline his Chamberlain had forgot to shut he took out as much Coin as he could conveniently carry and went away and came again a second and a third time when the King spake to him and bad him speedily be packing whilest he was well for if Hugoline should take him he should not only lose all he had but stretch an Halter And when Hugoline came and missing it was troubled the King said be not troubled for the man that had it hath more need of it than we have This King Edward was the first that The Kings-Evil first Cured cured the Kings-Evil Earl Godwin whose Daughter this King married took Bread and eat it in witness that he was not guilty of the death of A dreadful Example Prince Alfred but as soon as he had received the Bread he was choaked at the Table before the King at Windsor WILLIAM the Conquerour was the A. D. 1066. base Son to Robert Duke of Normandy He began his Reign Octob. 14th A. D. 1066. He was very cruel to the English and took part of every mans Estate and also exacted very great Taxes He died at Roan in Normandy A. D. 1087. forsaken of all his Courtiers his Body was left unburied till one Harluims a poor Country Knight at his own charge conveyed it to Caen. His Issue were Robert Richard William Henry and six Daughters In his time it was decreed at Rome That the See of York should be stiled Primas Angliae and that of Canterbury Primas totius Angliae The setting Seals to Bonds and Writings First use of sealing Bonds was now first used in England there being before only Witnesses to them WILLIAM Sirnamed Rufus though A. D. 1087. not eldest Brother gained the voices of the Council and was Crowned A. D. 1087. This King fairly promised to abolish the over-hard Laws made by his Father He set to Sale the Rights of the Church The Church Rights sold. preferring those therein that would give the most He was wont to say that Christs Bread was sweet dainty and most delicate for Kings When Duke Robert had mortgaged Normandy to him hearing as he sat at meat the Main in Normandy was straitly Besieged and his Subjects distressed he swore his wonted Oath By St. Luke's Face that His Expedition into Normandy he would not turn his back till he was with them and thereupon commanded the Wall of the House to be broke down that he might go the next way leaving orders for his Nobles to follow him but the Winds being contrary and the Seas raging his Pilot desired him to stay till they were appeased to whom the King said Hast thou ever heard that a King hath been drowned Therefore hoise up thy Sails I charge thee and be gone Which accordingly being done the King making such haste relieved the City before it was expected and settled all things in a short time and being returned into England as he was Hunting in New Forest Sir Walter Tyrrel a French Knight shooting at a Stag the Arrow glanc'd against a Tree and struck the King into the Breast with which he immediately died August 1. A. D. 1100. His Death His Body laid in a Colliers Cart was drawn with one poor Jade till the Cart broke where for a while the Corps was laid in the dirt but afterwards was conveyed to Winchester and there buried in Burial the Cathedral Church There did several strange Wonders happen in this Kings Reign as Earthquakes Blazing-stars and the like HENRY for his Learning stiled Beauclerk A. D. 1100. promising many good things was with the general liking of the People Crowned at Westminster in A. D. 1100. He constituted many good Laws and rejected those that were formerly too severe by which he wholly gained the hearts of the People Robert being returned from the Holy Land claimed the Kingdom but at length the difference between these two Brethren was reconciled on these terms That Henrâ—â— should enjoy the Crown during his life paying to Robert 3000 Marks by the year After this King had taken pleasure in Hunting in Normandy he made a great repast of Lampreys upon which he fell exceeding sick and after seven days sickness died A. D. 1135. at the Town of St. Denis His Death His Body was brought to Reading and there buried in the Abbey which himself had founded Besides his Lawful Issue William and His Issue Maud he is said to have had fourteen illegitimate In the Year 1111. at Dunmow in Essex the Lady Juga Founded a Priory for black Nuns which afterwards became a House of Monks who 't is said did allow a Gammon of Bacon to such married couples as repented not of their bargain a year and a day after their Marriage nor made any Nuptial transgression in word or deed This they were to make a solemn Oath of STEPHEN Earl of Blois Son to A. D. 1135. Adelicia Daughter to the Conquerour was admitted King by the working of his Brother Henry Bishop of Winchester but chiefly through the means of Hugh Bigot who took this Oath That King Henry upon his Death-bed had dis-inherited his Daughter and appointed Stephen to succeed him He was Crowned at Westminster on St. Stephen's day in A. D. 1135. His entrance was peaceable but by little and little civil discords increased with which and the incursions of the Welsh Scots and Maud the Empress he was continually disturbed He was a very valiant King as was shewn His Valour by his encounter with Robert Earl of Gloucester and Ranulph Earl of Chester where after a long Fight his Horse and Foot flying and leaving him almost alone he with his Battle-Ax drove back whole Troops assailing him with an undaunted courage till his Battle-Ax broke and after that till his Sword flew in pieces but was knock'd down and taken and carried to the Empress So the Empress for a while ruled all but Stephen by the diligence of the Bishop of Winchester after a while gained it again He died at Dover being troubled with His Death the Iliack Passion and
the Hemorrhoids A. D. 1154. and was buried at Feversham in Kent He had Issue Baldwin Eustace William Issue Maud Mary HENRY the Second Plantaginet the A. D. 1154. Son of Maud and Earl Geoffrey of Anjou was Crowned at Westminster This King went in Person against Lord Hugh de Mortimer and other Rebels where in the Siege of Bridgenorth he had been shot with an Arrow had not Hubert de St. An Example of true Loyalty Clare interposed and took the Arrow in his own bosom Tho. Becket Arch-Bishop of Canterbury made great disturbances in this Kings Reign he was at last murdered in the Cathedral at Canterbury and this was his Epitaph Quis moritur Praesul Cur Pro grege Qualiter Ense Quando Natali Quis locus Ara Dei. This King effected the Conquest of Ireland Ireland conquered and reformed the Irish Church This Kings Queen Eleanor and his Sons rose in Rebellions against him and were assisted by the French and Scotch Kings but he overcame them all He died in the Church at Chinon A. D. His Death 1189. and was buried at Font Everard His Issue were William Henry Richard Issue Jeoffrey Philip John Maud and Eleanor He had to his Concubine fair Rosamond Rosamond who was poisoned by the Queen in her Labyrinth at Woodstock which the King had built for her She had this Epitaph upon her Tomb Hic jacet in Tumba Rosamundi non rosa munda Non redolet sed olet quae redolere solet King Henry divided England into Circuits England divided into Circuits appointing that two of his Judges should twice in a year in each Circuit administer Justice In the beginning of his Reign one Nicholas An English man elected Pope Breakspear an English-man was elected Pope by the name of Adrian the IV. RICHARD from his exceeding Valour A. D. 1189. sirnamed Coeur de Lion was Crowned at Westminster He spent great time in the Wars at the Holy Land where he did many noble exploits and as he was going conquered Cyprus where he solemnly took to Wife his beloved Lady Berengaria He died of the wound of an Arrow received His Death at the Siege of the Castle of Chaluz belonging to the Viscount of Limoges April 6th 1199. and was buried at Charron In the first year of his Reign he appointed First Lord Mayor Henry Fitz-Alwin to be the first Lord Mayor of London being formerly governed by Portgraves Now lived Robin Hood and Little John JOHN by the assistance of his Mother A. D. 1199. Eleanor was by the great Council of the Realm admitted King and was Crowned at Westminster His Reign throughout was attended with great Troubles either with the King of France Scotland or by Rebellion of his own Subjects He was at last poisoned at Swinshed Abbey His Death by an envenomed Cup presented to him by a Monk tasting first thereof himself so becoming the wicked Instrument of his own and Sovereign's death Octob. 19. 1216. He was buried at Worcester His Issue were Henry Richard Joan Issue Eleanor and Isabel. Now lived one Simon Thurvey who for Example his Pride in Learning especially for his Blasphemies against Moses and Christ became so utterly ignorant that he could hardly read a letter in a Book HENRY the Third at about ten years A. D. 1216. of Age was Crowned King the ninth day after his Father King John's decease The Noble Earl of Pembroke being by common consent of Peers and Prelates constituted Guardian of him during his Non-age This King was almost always at dissension His Troubles with his Barons He lost all his Rights beyond the Seas to His Losses the French King There were now at Oxford 15000 Students The number of S tudents now at Oxford whose names were in the Metriculation Book After he had gone through very many troubles he fell grievously sick at the Abbey of St. Edmund in Suffolk and there died His De ath and Issue A. D. 1272. whose Issue was Edward Edmund Richard John William Henry Margaret Beatrice and Catharine Richard Beor then Bishop of Sarum The bu ilding of Salisbury Châ—â—rch built that stately Church at Salisbury which hath in it as many Windows as are days in the year as many Marble Pillars as hours as many Doors as Months Magna Charta containing the sum of Magna charâ—â— first instituted all the written Laws of England was ordained in the ninth year of his Reign EDWARD the First sirnamed Longshanks A. D. 1272. at his Fathers Death was employed in the Holy Wars where he behaved himself very valiantly He grieved much at his Fathers death At his arrival into England he was most joyfully welcomed and with his dearest Eleanor was Crowned at Westminster The first of this Kings exploits was the Wales subdued subduing of Wales and made his Son Edward born at Caernarvan Prince thereof He was mighty indeâ—â—tigable and successful in all his exploits He brought Scotland Scotland subjected wholly in subjection and was ever very well beloved of his Subjects This Heroick King died of a Dysentery His. Death at Burgh upon Sands A. D. 1307. and was buried at Westminster His Issue were John Henry Alphonso Issue who died before him Edward Thomas Edmund and ten Daughters EDWARD called Caernarvan so soon A. D. 1307. as his Father was dead repealed Pierce Gaveston who in his Fathers time for abusing the Prince's years with wicked vanities by common Decree was banished He sailed into France where at Bolein he was married to young Isabella Daughter to Philip the Fair. This Gaveston forementioned caused many His Dissensions with the Death of Gaveston dissensions being a very debauched man and the King wholly ruled by him He was thrice banished by Parliament the King still re-calling him but at last was Beheaded at Warwick Castle by Guy Earl of Warwick as an open Traytor to the Kingdom which caused a lasting hatred between the King and Nobles This opportunity Bruce King of Scotland took to set his Kingdom at liberty and at Bannoxburn gave King Edward the greatest overthrow that ever they gave the English and gained great spoils the English The English beaten by the Scots coming as for a Triumph having adorned themselves with all sorts of riches whereon the Scots made these Rhymes Long Beards heartless painted Hoods witless Gay Coats graceless make England thriftless Then in Pierce Gaveston's place the King advanced the Spencers Father and Son The Spencers advanced whose intolerable insolences seemed to exceed the others and caused more Civil Dissensions and Civil Wars in which One Earl and fourteen Lords suffered death After which the Spencers behaved themselves so exceeding Lordly that the Queen and discontented Nobles resolve to clear the World of them and the King found but few Friends because of the Mortal hatred that the People generally did bear to the Spencers so that his
part proving the weaker Spencer the elder was taken at the Siege of Bristol and there cut up alive and quartered The younger was taken with The death of the Spencers the King at the Abby of Neath in Wales which Spencer was ignominiously hanged The distressed King being now shut up in Prison at last yielded to resign the Crown The resignation of his Crown to his Son Edward whereupon Sir William Trussel in behalf of the whole Realm renounc'd all Allegiance to him A. D. 1327. His Issue were Edward John Joan and His Issue Eleanor EDWARD the Third was Crowned A. D. 1327. upon Candlemas-day Soon after Tho. de Gourney and John Mattrevers conveyed the old King from Kenelworth to Berkley Castle and there Murdered him by running a Death of Edward the Second burning Spit into his Body as he was easing Nature Sept. 22. 1327. His Body was buried at Gloucester To animate these Regicides Adam de Torleton Bishop of Hereford sent them this ambiguous Phrase by Mortimer Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est This King made Edw. Baliol King of Scots who did him Homage In the year 1327. died Charles the Fair King of France by whose death the Crown Edward the Third his Title to France devolved to Edward King of England in right of his Mother Queen Isabel who was Daughter to Philip the Fair and Sister to Charles the Fair. But the French pretending a Fundamental Law by which no Woman was inheritable to France sought to debar King Edward of his right receiving to the Crown Philip of Valois whose Father was younger Brother to Philip the Fair advancing the Brothers Son before the Daughters Son Whereupon King Edward went into France with a puissant Army His Expedition for his Right in France and over-ran all places in his way at last the French Army met him at Cressy in Ponthio lying between the Rivers of Some and Anthy being above 100000 men A bloody Fight ensued where the Black Prince King Edward's Son without the help of the Battel wherein his Father was which stood idle won so great a Victory of the French A great Victory that they slew of their party 11 great Princes and of Barons Knights and men of Arms above 1500. and of the Commons about 30000. Of the English not one man of Note or Honour was slain The Scots taking this Opportunity in Scots invade England favour of the French invaded England but were soon stopt their King David taken Prisoner and their chiefest Nobles slain After the King had taken many great places in France at last there was a Peace concluded though it continued not long ere the French broke the Agreement In revenge whereof King Edward entred His second Journey into France France with an Army and spoiled it where he came and after his return home he bestowed the Dutchy of Aquitain on the Black Prince commanding him to defend his right The Prince furnished with a gallant Army went to the chief City Bourdeaux and John King of France encountred him with a great Army having the odds of six to one notwithstanding the Victorious Prince discomfited the French Another great Victory by the Black Prince took Prisoners the King and his youngest Son and many great Lords and about 2000 Knights Esquires and Gentlemen bearing Armories slew 52 Lords and 1700 Knights and Gentlemen besides common Soldiers 6000. Shortly after he return'd home with his Prisoner King John and a while after these Conditions were agreed The Agreement upon That King John and his Heirs should have the Crown of France and Dutchy of Normandy and King Edward and his Heirs Aquitain and Santain and King John pay for his Ransom 500000 l. Sterling Not long after this the Martial Prince The death of the Black Prince Edward died on Trinity Sunday 1376. about his age 46 and was buried at Canterbury And his Father died soon after at Shene in The Kings Death and Burial His Issue Surrey A. D. 1377. and was buried at Westminster His Issue were Edward the Black Prince William Lionel John of Gaunt Edmund William of Windsor Thomas Isabel Joan Blanch and Margaret He was the founder of the Noble Order The first Order of the Garter of the Garter so entituled from the Garter he took up of the Countess of Salisbury's which slipt off in a Dance Also in his First Justices of the Peace first year was the Original of Justices of the Peace RICHARD the Second the Son of A. D. 1377. the Black Prince was Crowned King in the eleventh year of his Age but ere the Crown was settled on his Head the French braved it on the English Coasts and the Scots set fire on the Tower of Roxborough and through want of care in such who had the charge of State-matters in the Kings behalf things were declined to a shameful change and the glorious Atchievements of the two late Edwards fell under an Eclipse Jack Straw and Wat Tyler caused Straw Tyler great Rebellions but were supprest at last King Richard married the Lady Ann His Marriage Daughter to the Emperour Charles the IV. and a Truce was concluded with France After a great many Troubles by Civil Wars and Dissensions he was caused to His resignation of the Crown resign the Crown to the Duke of Lancaster Queen Ann Wife to King Richard first Womens first riding on sidefaddles taught English Women to ride on side-saddles before they rode astride and long trainâ—â— Gowns for Women HENRY the Fourth the Son of John A. D. 1399. Duke of Lancaster the fourth Son of King Edward the Third was Crowned at Westminster All that the old King said was I look not after such things but my hope is that after all this my Cousin will be my good Lord and Friend Many did strive to re-place Richard but to no purpose Death of King Richard And he at last died at Pontfract Castle by Hunger Cold and great Torments and was buried at Langley in Hartford-shire There was a great many Conspiracies afterwards against King Henry but they all came off with the worst and the Plotters thereby only hastened their own ruin The King died at London A. D. His Death and Issue 1413. His Issue were Henry Thomas John Humphrey Blanch and Philippa HENRY the Fifth of Monmouth whilest A. D. 1413. he was Prince did many things very incongruous to the greatness of his Birth yet when he had attained the Crown to begin a good Government he began at home banishing from Court those unruly Youths that had been his Consorts He began his Reign in all things very advisedly He sent into France to demand his Right and the Dauphin in derision sent him a Ton of Paris Tennis Balls But the King returned for Answer that he would shortly send him London Balls which should shake Paris Walls And soon after went with an His
Expedition into France Army into France and first of all took Harflew Sept. 22. 1414. Then went to Agencourt on Octob. 24. where the French had pitched with six some say ten times the number of the English whereupon the King offered to part and surrender what he had won but the French would not yield making sure account of Victory had prepared a Chariot for the Captive King and all other things for that purpose The Battel beginning King Henry encouraged his Souldiers and with their small company the English won the day having every man his Prisoner Of the English A wonderful Victory were slain the Duke of York Earl of Suffolk two Knights one Squire and 28 private Souldiers Of the French were slain 4000 Princes Nobles Knights and Esquires and 10000 common Souldiers and more than these taken After which he came home and in a short time returned there with another Army where at last he was Proclaimed Regent of France and had He is Proclaimed Regent of France His Marriage Homage sworn to him and his Marriage with the Lady Catharine was with all Solemnity celebrated at Troyes After which he hastes into England with his Queen and in a short time after he went into France again where he had not been long before His Death Burial and Issue he fell sick of a burning Fever and Flux whereof he died Aug. 31. 1422. and was buried at Westminster His Issue was only Henry of Windsor HENRY the Sixth of Windsor was A. D. 1422. Crowned about the eighth Month of his Age. The Government of England was committed to Humphrey Duke of Glâ—â—ucester and the Regency of France to John Duke of Bedford under whom things succeeded very prosperously In his time was that Famous French Shepherdess Joan of Lorrain Joan de Lorrain who put on Mans Apparel and opposed the English with great success but was at last taken and was burnt for Sorcery A. D. 1435. that Famous Patriot and General John Duke of Bedford died at Paris after which the English began to change their Affairs there for the worse and lost most of their strong Holds At last there was a Peace concluded between the two Kings A. D. 1444. was King Henry married His Marriage with Margaret Daughter to the Duke of Anjou and Lorrain after which the Kings Fortune declined both in England and France The Queen ruling all contrived the death of Duke Humphrey who was the only man that had hitherto kept things in His Troubles order by his Prudence By this time were all the English Fortunes in France lost The Duke of York raising many Rebellions in England and at last in a great Battel at St. Albans the Kings greatest Friends were most slain and himself taken After which York created himself Protector of England and by degrees works out the Kings ancient Counsellors yet many stood up for the King and many great Battels were fought Fortune favouring sometimes one and then another at last the Duke himself was slain by the Queens Forces near Wakefield And now his Son Edward Earl of March maintains his Quarrel The Queens Forces recover the King again howbeit the Lâ—â—ndoners Proclaimed the Earl Earl of March Proclaimed King His Issue of March King of England King Henry's Issue was only Edward He was a Prince free from Pride very devout chaste and modest He built Eaton College and Kings College in Cambridge The Art of Printing was found out in Printing first in England Germany by John Guttenburg and brought into England by Will. Caxton a Mercer of London who first practised the same in the Abby at Westminster A. D. 1471. EDWARD the IV. eldest Son to Richard A. D. 1461. Duke of York began to reign in the 20th year of his Age at which time Henry had many Friends who sought to re-settle him on his Throne On June the 28th was His Coronation Edward crowned and soon after King Henry and his Son Edward dis-inherited of their Claim to the Crown by Act of Parliament He takes to Wife the Lady Elizabeth Marriage Grey the Relict of his mortal Enemy Sir John Grey slain at the Battel of St. Albans who was crowned at Westminster May 26. 1465. But this his Marriage below himself was much to his disadvantage by making the Earl of Warwick formerly his very good Friend a strong Rebel against him who took the King Prisoner but the King made his Escape again But afterwards the Earl of Warwick drove him out of the Land and made Henry again King After which King Edward returns and in a Battel upon Gladmore the Great Warwick fighting couragiously was slain Death of the Earl of Warwick and King Henry again put into the Tower Afterwards Queen Margaret was defeated and King Henry's Son Edward taken and brought before the King where he speaking boldly was knock'd down and murdered Soon after Queen Margaret was taken and not long after the crook-back'd Duke Death of King Henry of Gloucester stabb'd harmless King Henry to the heart whose Body was buried at Chertsey in Surrey A. D. 1483. King Edward fell into a His Death and Burial dangerous and deadly Sickness whereof April the 9th he died and was buried at Windsor in the new-Chappel whose Foundation himself had laid 'T is said of him that he was just and merciful in Peace fierce in War and very familiar with his Subjects His Issue were Edward Richard His Issue George Elizabeth Cicely Ann Briget Mary Margaret and Catharine EDWARD the V. the eldest Son of King A. D. 1483. Edward the IV. being but 12 years of Age when his Father died was committed to the government of his Uncle Sir Anthony Woodville a worthy Person which much troubled Richard Duke of Gloucester his Enemy who sought his Life that thereby he might come to the Crown By evil Suggestions he wrought upon the greatest Men to take his part against the old Queen and as the King was coming to London to be crowned with a small Company he seiz'd those about him and imprisoned Sir Anthony Woodville amongst the rest Then brought the King to London pretending to be his Friend and there was made his Protector after which he got the Duke of York the King's Brother out of Sanctuary from the Queen and caused many of the chief Nobles to be barbarously massacred and instead of King Edward caused himself to be crowned King RICHARD the III. Son of Richard Duke A. D. 1683. of York was born with all his Teeth and Hair to his Shoulders which foreshew'd his monstrous Proceedings July the 6th he was crowned King at Westminster soon after which he caused the young King and Edward the V. and Brother murdered his Brother to be most inhumanely massacred But King Richard lived most miserably ever after being without the least quiet of Conscience and soon after the Duke of Buckingham his greatest Favourite proved his greatest Enemy
raising Rebellions against him but was overthrown and hiding himself in one Banister's House by Shrewsbury He for hope of gain betray'd his Master the Duke who was thereupon taken and beheaded but Banister was justly punished from Heaven Henry Earl of Richmond afterwards came into England where he rais'd a small Army and met King Richard near Market-Bosworth in Leicestershire where King Richard was slain King Richard slain and his Army discomfited Aug. 22. 1485. HENRY the VII Earl of Richmond was Son to Margaret Countess of Richmond and A. D. 1485. Derby Daughter to John Duke of Somerset Son to John Earl of Somerset Son to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster 4th Son of Edward the III. Octob. 30. he was Crowned at Westminster A. D. 1486. Jan. 18th he married the His Marriage Lady Elizabeth eldest Daughter of King Edward the IV. and so ioyn'd the two Families of York and Lancaster Yet by this means Peace was not so well secured but that there were several Rebellions by Lambert Symnel and others amongst whom Symnel and Peterkin was one Peterkin under the Name of Rich. Plantaginet second Son of King Edward the IV. But this Impostor was at last taken and executed at Tyburn The King falling sick of a consuming His Death Issue Disease died April 22. A. D. 1509. His Issue Arthur who died before himself Henry Edmund Margaret Elizabeth Mary King Henry left at his death 1800000 l. in His Riches and Buildings ready money he built the Palace at Richmond and the Chappel at Westminster HENRY the VIII was born at Greenwich A. D. 1509. June 22. 1491. His Youth was so trained up in Literature that he was accounted the most learned Prince in Christendom June 25. 1509. he was crowned at Westminster with his Queen Catharine This King went with an Army into His Expedition into France France and recovered many of his Rights but at last by the procurement of the Pope there was a Peace concluded A. D. 1571. was Evil May-day wherein Evil May-day the Prentices of London made an Assault upon the Strangers and Foreigners John Lincoln being the chief of them was hanged and the rest pardoned About A. D. 1528. King Henry began to call in question the lawfulness of his Marriage with Queen Catharine who was Daughter to Ferdinand King of Spain and haâ—â— been married to P. Arthur his elder Brother and soon after she was divorced from him Also soon after the haughty Cardinal Woolsey was deposed of his Dignities Woolsey he died at Leicester-Abby After this King Henry took upon him the Pope's Authority and Supremacy in England and all persons were prohibited from appealing or making any Payments to Rome A. D. 1533. Novemb. 14. was King Henry His 2d Marriage married to Ann Bullen Daughter to Sir T. Bullen Earl of Wiltshire and on Septemb Lady Eliz. born 7th following was born the Princess Elizabeth And A. D. 1535. the Queen was accused of Incest and Adultery with her own Brother George Lord Rochford And May The Queen beheaded 19. 1536. the Queen was beheaded upon a Scaffold erected on the Green within the Tower 'T is with good ground thought that the Queens death was procured by Popish Instruments because she much favoured His 3d. Marriage the Protestant Divines The next day the King was married to the Lady Jane Seymour Daughter of John Seymour Kt. About this time began to flourish Tho. Cromwell a Blacksmiths Son of Putney who in a short time was ordained Vicar-General over the Spirituality This Great Cromwell procured it to be enacted in Parliament That the Lords Prayer Creed and Ten Commandments should be read in the English Tongue He also caused the Churches to be purged of Images and the Monasteries to be suppressed to the King's use for which Reasons there arose several Rebellions but were all suppreâ—â—ed A. D. 1540. Jan. 6th was King Henry His 4th Marriage married to the Lady Ann Sister to the Duke of Cleve but they were soon after divorced Now was the Great Cromwell attainted for Treason and Heresie and beheaded on Tower-Hill Then did the King marry the Lady Catharine His 5th Marriage Howard who was beheaded afterwards for Adultery And now likewise were very many great Men put to death for Religion A. D. 1547. and Jan. 28th King Henry His Death yielded to death's imperial stroak whose Body with great solemnity was buried at Windsor His Wives were Catharine Ann Wives Bullen Jane Seymour Ann of Cleve Catharine Howard and Catharine Parr His Issue Henry which lived not two Issue months another Son not named and Mary these by Catharine of Spain Elizabeth and a Son still-born by Ann Bullen Edward by Jane Seymour His natural Issue Henry Fitz-Roy King Henry by Act of Parliament assumed First King of Ireland the Title of King of Ireland former Kings of England bearing only the style of Lords thereof 'T is said that now Turkey Carps Hops Pickarel and Beer came into England all in a year EDWARD the 6th was born but not A. D. 1547. without the death of his Mother A. D. 1537. Octob. 12. A. D. 1547. Feb. 20. he was crowned at Westminster Edward Lord Seymâ—â—ur his Uncle was made Protector over his Minority The first thing that was done was the purging all Churches of Images for which Commissioners were appointed This caused Rebellions but they were soon supprest One of these Rebels being a Miller he will'd his Man to be Master in his turn The Man that was hanged for his Master and when the King's Officer Sir Anthony Kingston called for the Master of the House the Man in his Name presented himself whom Sir Anthony straight commanded to the Gallows which the Man hearing would be Master no longer but Sir Anthony said Well thou canst never do thy Master better service than to hang for him and so he was truss'd up on the next Tree This King was a great Enemy to Popery Protestancy founded and was the first Founder of the true Protestant Religion in England He died His Death and Burial of a Consumption July 6th 1553. and was interred in St. Peter's Chappel at Westminster He was a Prince of great Learning and of a vast Memory very merciful and zealous for the Reformed Religion The Lady JANE GREY was now by the A. D. 1553. last Will of Edward proclaimed Queen But the Tide soon turn'd and Queen Mary succeeded to the Crown promising to embrace the Gospel as King Edward had established it but afterwards being petitioned to perform her promise herein she both punished the Writer and answered they should one day well know that they being but Members should not direct her their Head She removed the Protestant Protestancy again abolished Bishops placing Papists in their Places she was crowned at Westminster The Lady Jane Grey was beheaded on Tower-hill and many more great Men for the reform'd
of Buckingham meant to pass with his Army over Severn there was so great an Inundation of Water that Men were drowned in their Beds Houses were over-turned Children were carried about the Fields swimming in Cradles Beasts were drowned on Hills Which rage of Water continued ten days and has been ever since called The Duke of Buckingham's Water The most NOTABLE EVENTS In the Reign of King HENRY the VII KIng Henry the VII whether doubting A. D. 1485. The King's Guard first ordained any sudden Attempt upon his Person or whether he dâ—â—d it to follow the Example of France â—â— the â—â—ery beginning of his Reign he ordered a Band of tall personable Men to be attending upon him which was called the King's Guard which no King before and all Kings since have used In this King's Time was the sweating-Sickness The Sweating Sickness its Cure in London of which two Lord Mayors and six Aldermen died in eight days time The Cure for it was If it took them in the day to lye down in their Cloaths for 24 hours and not stir if in the night not to stir out of Bed for the like time and to keep themselves from motion as much as could be In the 2d year of King Henry the VII A Carver made Sheriff of London John Persival the Mayor of London's Carver waiting at his Table was chosen one of the Sherifss of London only by Sir John Collet's then Mayor drinking to him in a Cup of Wine as the custom is to drink to him whom he list to name Sheriff and forthwith the said Persival sate down at the Mayor's Table and covered his Head and was afterward Mayor himself In the 6th year of Henry the VII thâ—â— Granada won by the Spaniards Spaniards won the great and rich City and Countrey of Granada from the Moors and thereupon the King of Spain was entituled The Catholick King In the Month of May was holden a solemn A Justs at Sheen Justing at the King's Palace of Sheen now called Richmond which continued the space of a Month in which Justs Sir James Parker running against a Gentleman named Hugh Vaughan by reason of a faulty Helmet was hit in the Mouth at the first Course so that his Tongue was born to the hinder part of his Head so that he died upon the Place This King by his good Husbandry and His Riches at his Death oppression of his Subjects by those hated Persons Empson and Dudley left behind him at his Death 1800000 l. This King was the first that ordained a Yeomen of the Guard when first instituted Company of tall strong men naming them Yeomen of the Guard to be attending about the Person of the King to whom he appointed a Livery by which to be known and a Captain by whom to be chosen In this Time was made that excellent First suing in forma pauperis Law for admission of poor Suitors in forma Pauperis without paying Fee to Councellor Attorney or Clerk Another That Murtherers should be First Burning in the Hand burnt on the brawn of the left Hand with the Letter M. and Thieves with the Letter T. so that if they offended a second time they should have no mercy but be put to death and this to reach to all Clerks convict In his 18th year King Henry being himself The Name of Merchant-Taylors first given a Brother of the Taylors Company as divers Kings before had been viz. Richard the III. Edward the IV. Henry the VI. Henry the V. Henry the IV and Richard the II. also 11 Dukes 28 〈◊〉 and 48 Lords he now gave to them the Name and Title of Merchant-Taylors as a Name of Worship to endure for ever In this King's Time the Priviledge of Sanctuaries abrogated Sanctuaries was very much abated with permission of the Pope In his 1â—â—th year on Bartholomew-day Large Hail-stones at the Town of St. Needs in Bedfordshire there fell Hailstones that were measured 18 inches about The most notable and extraordinary EVENTS In the Reign of King HENRY the VIII AMongst many of King Henry the A. D. 1509. Masking first in England Eighth's jovial Devices he at Greenwich with II more was disguised after the manner of Italy called A Mask a thing not seen before in England They were apparelled all in Garments long and broad wrought all with Gold with Vizards and Caps of Gold and after the Banquet done these Maskers came in with six Gentlemen disguised in Silk bearing staff-Torches and desired the Ladies to dance and after they had danced and communed together took their leave and departed In a War that King Henry the VIII had The Emperor takes Pay of King Henry with France the Emperor Maximilian took Pay of King Henry as his Souldier an Honour never done before to any King of Europe It is a strange thing what George Buchanan relates as being present of James now King of Scotland who intending to have a A strange Vision War with England a certain old Man of venerable Aspect and clad in a long blue Garment came to him and leaning familiarly on the Chair where the King sate said I am sent to thee O King to give thee warning that thou proceed not in the War thou art about for if thou do it will be thy ruine And having so said he pressed through the Company and vanished out of sight for by no enquiry it could be found what became of him Pope Julius the II. sent to King Henry a Henry the VIII had the Title of Christianissimus Cap of Maintenance and a Sword and being angry with the King of France transferred by Authority of the Lateran Council the Title of Christianissimo from him upon King Henry Soon after which King A Justing Henry had a Justs wherein himself and the Duke of Suffolk were Defendants against all comers who having the Duke of Longueville and the Lord of Clermont to be Spectators spread the Fame of their Chivalry into foreign Nations He used a new kind of Justing in manner volant as fast as one could follow another which was very delightful to the Beholders This King and Francis King of France A magnificent Interview had an Interview which was so magnificent that the Vale of Audrea where they met is since called The Camp of Cloth of Gold The Particulars are too tedious for this place so that he that would see more may find it at large in Page 266. This King for writing against Luther The Title of Defender of the Faith given had by the Pope the Title given him of Defender of the Faith In this King's Time Sir William Fitz-Williams A noble Action landing in the Haven of Trâ—â—pert with 700 Men he beat 6000 French that sought to impeach his Landing took their Bulwarks and much Ordnance in them burned the Suburbs of the Town of Treport and all in five hours and then returned A. D. 1531.
Religion The proposal of her Marriage with Philip of Spain caused great Insurrections and great Troubles and Sir Thomas Wiat one of the chief was beheaded These caused great suspicions of the Lady Elizabeth's having a hand in it whereupon she was committed to the Tower and then removed to Woodstock where Stephen Garner thinking to ensnare her Life askt her the meaning of those words of Christ Hoc est Corpus meum to which the Princess answered Christ was the Word that spake it He took the Bread and brake it And what the Word did make it That I believe and take it A. D. 1555. Several Bishops were burnt Bishops burnt at Oxford for the testimony of the Truth A. D. 1554. July 25th was the Marriage Her Marriage solemnized with Philip of Spain King Philip proved a great Friend to the Lady Elizabeth 'T was thought that the Queen was with Child and her delivery expected but it proved otherwise The English now lost their strong Holds in France The Queen died of a burning Fever HerDeath and Burial Novemb. 17. 1558. and was buried at Westminster Queen ELIZABETH the Restorer and A. D. 1558. Defender of the publick profession of the Apostolical Religion in England begun her Reign Novemb. 17. 1558. Jan. 15. she was crowned she soon put all things in the order as King Edward had left them There were several Rebellions in the Land but were all suppressed several likewise attempted to murther the Queen but were all taken and suffered death A. D. 1577. Novemb. 15. Captain Drake Captain Drake set Sayl from Plimouth and in three years wanting twelve days he encompassed the Earth A. D. 1588. the invincible Armado of the Spanish Armado Spaniards came against England but the English played their parts so well that they wearied out the Spaniards at Sea so that they were forced to return home with great loss and the English received a blessed deliverance Octogesimus octavus mirabilis annus Clade Papistarum faustus ubique piis The Queen now sent Forces against Spain which had very great success and annoyed them exceedingly And now again there were several attempts to Murther the Queen by Poison and otherwise but all being discovered they received their deserts There were likewise great Troubles in Ireland which continued a long time On the 24th of March 1602. died this Her Death and Burial most renowned Queen and was buried in Henry the Seventh's Chappel at Westminster 'T is said she was Spain's Rod Rome's ruin Netherland's relief Earth's joy England's Gem World's wonder Nature's chief King JAMES his Title to the Crown A. D. 1602. of England sprung from Henry the Seventh whose Male Issue failing in Queen Elizabeth the Off-spring of Margaret his eldest Daughter married to James the Fourth King of Scotland by him had Issue James the Fifth whose only Daughter and Child Queen Mary was Mother to James the Sixth King of Scotland who hearing of Queen Elizabeth's death came into England and was received with great joy and His Coâ—â—onation July 21. 1603. King James and Queen Ann were Crowned at Westminster by John Whitguift Arch-Bishop of Canterbury There were some now that plotted against the Kings Person but were taken and Executed He then caused himself to be stiled by Proclamation King of Great Britain A. D. 1604. Nov. 5. was that horrid Gun-powder Plot. Popish Plot of blowing up the Parliament House A. D. 1612. Nov. 6. Prince Henry died of a Fever who was very much lamented being a very hopeful Prince A. D. 1625. March 27. this Politick and His Death and Burial Peaceable Monarch died of an Ague at Theobalds and was buried at Westminster His Issue were Henry Charles Elizabeth His Issue and Mary and Sophia who both dyed young CHARLES the First was born at Dunferling A. D. 1625. in Scotland Nov. 19. 1600. No sooner had he celebrated his Father's Funerals but he hastened the coming over of his dearest Consort the Princess Henrietta Maria Daughter to Henry the Fourth King of France He was Crowned at Westminster His Coronation Feb. 2. 1626. A. D. 1630. May 29. was Prince Charles Prince Charles born born The sad accidents in this Kings Reign have been the Thesis of so many Pens that I think the inserting of it in this place to be needless only some short notes The first Blood that was spilt in this unhappy The beginning of the Civil Wars War was near Hull between the Kings Forces and Sir J. Hotham Aug. 24. 1642. The first remarkable Battel at Edge-hill in Warwick-shire where His Majesties Forces had something the better of the day A. D. 1648. Jan. 30. was this most Christian His Death and Burial and right worthy King beheaded and Feb. 9. was buried at Windsor by some of his Servants His Issue were Charles-James His Issue who died almost as soon as born Charles the Second James the Second whom God preserve Henry Mary Elizabeth Ann Katharine Henrietta Maria. 1635. Tho. Parr died aged 152 years Tho. Parr CHARLES the Second was then in Holland 1648. when his Father was murthered and the then Parliament instead of Proclaiming him King resolved to assume the Government unto themselves nevertheless he was Proclaimed in Scotland and Ireland This Parliament that made such a stir were not above fifty Persons Jan. 1. King Charles the Second was Crowned in Scotland Crowned at Scoon in Scotland The English Parliament had very great success in all their attempts They beat the Marquess of Ormond in Ireland and overcame the Scots beat the Dutch by Sea In all which time Oliver Cromwel was General of the Land-Forces And A. D. 1653. April the 20. Oliver put a period to those long-winded Members at Westminster and constituted a Oliver's height Council of State of those he liked best and takes the Supream Power to himself A. D. 1658. June 25th the Town of Dunkirk was rendred by the Spaniards to the French and from them to the English Septemb. 3d. died that aspiring Usurper Oliver's death and great Politician Oliver of an Ague at Whitehall He was courted or feared by most of the Princes of Europe In Oliver's stead Richard his eldest Son was proclaimed Protector But he wanting the Politick Head of his Father the Army did what they pleased and called a Parliament of their own choosing to which Richard soon submitted And now the Parliament rules all again There were several Insurrections for the King but supprest General Lambert disliking the Parliament goes with his Army and displaces it and for a while he rules all and makes a Committee of Safety as he stiled them Committee of Safety And now there were more discontented men than ever being murmuring in all places and George Monk a General in Scotland comes into England with his Army where he was received very graciously being caressed by the Gentry all along his Journey and Lambert's Fortune
changed apace most of his Friends forsaking him and General Monk coming to London was received with much joy and every one had great hopes of a peaceable Government Then he ordered a free Parliament to be chose who A. D. 1660. April 20. assembled at Westminster on May 1. voted Votes for the Kings return That according to the Ancient and Fundamental Laws of this Kingdom Charles the Second is the Lawful King of these Nations which caused a general rejoycing over all England And His Majesty from his Court at Breda wrote very graciously to the General and Parliament who then sent him 50000 l. for a Present and the City to shew their gratitude sent him 10000 l. And May the 8th by Order of Parliament Charles the Second was at London Proclaimed at London with very great Solemnity Proclaimed King of England Scotland c. May 22. General Monk set forth of London to meet His Majesty who landed at Dover whom the King for his excellent Service was pleased to dignifie with the Honour of Knight of the Garter Master of his Horse Duke of Albemarle Earl of Torrington Baron Monk of Botheridge c. chief General of all his Land-Forces in the three Kingdoms and one of his Privy Council And now was the general Joy so great that it cannot be expressed The Regicides and chief Offenders punished and Loyalty truly recompensed A. D. 1661. on St. George's day was the His Coronation Magnificent Coronation of Charles the Second at Westminster by Dr. Juxton Arch-Bishop of Canterbury And now was the Book of Common-Prayer restored again to the Church May 14. Katharine the Infanta of Portugal arrived at Portsmouth His Marriage where she was married to Charles the Second King of England A. D. 1664. the War began with the Dutch And 1665. in May began the Great Plague in London Plague whereof died near 100000 Persons Upon the second of September began that dreadful Fire Fire in London the total Loss sustained by these devouring Flames was valued to be 9900000 l. Sterling In Feb. 1674. after many great Conflicts Peace with Holland between the Dutch and England was there a Peace concluded A. D. 1677. was the Marriage between the Lady Mary and His Highness the Prince of Orange celebrated at St. James's by the Bishop of London Anno Dom. 1679. began the sham-discovery Popish Plot. of the Popish Plot for which so many Persons suffered and which plainly appeared to be afterwards a contrivance of the Non-conformists from whom our gracious Monarch was wonderfully preserved by a Fire at New-market which occasioned him to leave that place sooner than he designed and by that means escaped the designed Ambuscado that was to have destroyed him at Hodsdon The extraordinary occurrences of his Reign about these times are printed by themselves and therefore here omitted Feb. 6. 1684. At Whitehall died our most His Death gracious King Charles the Good and Just which not only almost deluged England with Tears for so great a loss but he was generally lamented through all the Christian World He had no Legitimate Issue Feb. 14. He was Interred in Henry the His Funeral Seventh's Chappel at Westminster JAMES the Second the only Royal A. D. 1684. Brother to King Charles the Second and his undoubted Heir was on the sixth of February Proclaimed at London to the unexpressible joy and satisfaction of all Loyal Proclamation Subjects having the same day been graciously pleased to declare in Council That he would maintain the Protestant Religion as by Law established And truly we can attribute it to no less than the Divine Goodness and Mercy of Almighty God to these Kingdoms that notwithstanding the late strange and unreasonable Animosities against our now gracious Sovereign yet his coming to the Crown was received by his Subjects in all his Dominions with the greatest expressions of content and satisfaction imaginable April 23d being St. George's day he was His Coronation with very great State and Magnificence Crowned at Westminster with his dearest Consort Mary by Dr. Sancroft and Dr. Dolben the two Arch-Bishops and Dr. Turner Bishop of Ely Preached the Coronation-Sermon May the 16th Titus Oates the chief Titus Oates his Sentence for Perjury Evidence to the Popish Plot being convicted upon two Informations of Perjury received Sentence That he should pay a Fine of one thousand Marks for each Perjury should stand in the Pillory at Westminster-Hall Gate and at the Royal-Exchange be whipped twice viz. from Aldgate to Newgate and from Newgate to Tyburn all this was to be done in that week But besides for an Annual commemoration of his admirable faculty of Swearing it was ordered that four times every year upon the days on which he fathered his horrid falsities so long as he lived he should stand in the Pillory and the places to be The Royal-Exchange Temple-Gate Charing-Cross and Tyburn May the 19th the Parliament met and Parliament met unanimously chose Sir John Trevor Speaker who was also approved of by His Maiesty June the 11th the Duke of Monmouth The Duke of Monmouth his Landing at Lyme having Caballed with the Earl of Argyle to put their rebellious Designs in practice in England and Scotland at the same time landed at Lyme in Dorset-shire with about 150 Men after an Hostile manner where many of the like rebellious Principles flocked to him so that in few days he left Lyme and took the Field and marched with his Forces to Taunton and Bridgewater His first Repulse and from thence near Bristol to Canisham-Bridge where they were repulsed by a party of 100 of His Maiesties Horse Commanded by Collonel Oglethorp who there cut off two of Monmouth's best Troops of Horse From thence the Rebels marched near to Bath but His Majesties Forces being joyned there they marched in much fear and confusion backwards towards Frome and from thence to Philipsnorton where the Duke of Grafton encountred them very smartly in which Engagement Mr. May a Voluntier was killed with many common Souldiers From thence they went to Shepton-Mallet from thence to Wells and so to Bridge-water His Maiesties Forces commanded by the Earl of Feversham all the while pursuing them on â—â—uly the 5th came to Weston within three â—â—iles of the Rebels where they placed â—â—hemselves in a very advantageous Post â—â—ronting a spacious Plain having a Ditch before them in which posture next Mornâ—â—ng the late Duke of Monmouth resolved to attack them and to that end had with all possible silence in the Night drawn his Forces out of Bridge-water to the number of about 6000 Foot and 1200 Horse and towards Morning formed them in Battel and marched so with design to surprize the Earl of Feversham but he having advice of it by his Scouts was prepared to receive them though the number of his Souldiers was but small in comparison of the Rebels having but 2000 Foot and 700 Horse but here God
ever shall strictly examine both Extreams will easily perceive there is not only Obscurity in its end but its beginning that as its Period is inscrutable so is its Nativity indeterminable For first The Histories of the Gentiles afford us slender Satisfaction for some thereof and those the wisest amongst them are so far from determining its beginning that they opine and maintain it never had any at all as Epicurus and Aristotle declare Thus the Heathens afford us no satisfaction herein for the Account of their ancientest Records arise no higher than 95 years after the Flood Now what is delivered in holy Scripture is most likely to manifest the truth and what is set down in the sacred Chronology of Moses who distinctly sets down this Account But amongst the Christians this Account hath received many Interpretations and many have differed much herein But that which agreeth to most learned Men and most inquisitive herein is wherein ours was 1645 it is from the year of the World 7154 which Account they reckon by at Constantinople and by the Muscovite and many more Thus seeing the wide Dissent of mens Opinions the Hebrews not only dissenting from the Samaritans the Latins from the Greeks but every one from another Insomuch that all can be in the right it is impossible that any one is so not with assurance determinable The End of the Sixth Book The Seventh Book Concerning many Historical Tenents generally received and some deduced from the History of holy Scripture CHAP. I. Of the forbidden Fruit. THAT the forbidden Fruit of Paradise was an Apple is commonly believed and confirmed by Tradition and some from thence have derived the Latin word Malum because that Fruit was the first occasion of Evil wherein notwithstanding Determinations are presumptuous and many are of another belief for some have conceived it a Vine others a Fig. Again Some Fruits pass under the Name of Adam's Apples which in common acceptation admit not that Appellation described by Mathiolus to be a very fair Fruit and not unlike a Citron but somewhat rougher chopt and cranied vulgarly conceived the Marks of Adam's Teeth But yet we cannot from hence infer they were this Fruit in question no more than Arbor Vitae so called to obtain its Name from the Tree of Life in Paradise or Arbor Judae to be the fame which supplied the Gibbet unto Judas Again There is no Determination in the Text wherein is only particularized that it was the Fruit of a Tree good for Food and pleasant unto the Eye in which regards many excel the Apple and therefore learned Men do wisely conceive it inexplicable and Philo puts Determination unto Despair when he affirmeth the same kind of Fruit was never produced since Now the Ground or Reason that occasioned this expression by an Apple might be the Community of this Fruit and which is often taken for any other And to speak strictly in this Appellation they placed it more safely than any other for beside the great variety of Apples the word in Greek comprehendeth Oranges Lemmons Citrons Quinces and as Ruellius defineth 〈◊〉 Fruits as have no Stone within and a soft Covering without Since therefore after this Fruit Curiosity 〈◊〉 enquireth we shall surcease our Inquisition rather troubled that it was tasted than troubling our selves in its Decision Here many likewise strive to 〈◊〉 the species of the Serpent that deceived but to the same purpose CHAP. II. That a Man hath one Rib less than a Woman THAT a Man hath one Rib less than a Woman is a common Conceit derived from Genesis wherein it stands delivered that Eve was framed out of the Rib of Adam But this will not consist with Reason or Inspection for if we survey the Skeleton of both Sexes and therein the Compage of Bones we shall readily discover that Men and Women have 24 Ribs that is 12 on each side 7 greater annexed unto the Sternon and 〈◊〉 lesser which come short thereof CHAP. III. Of the Death of Aristotle THAT Aristotle drowned himself in Euripus as despairing to resolve the cause of its Reciprocation or Ebb and Flow 7 times a day with this Determination Si quidem ego non capio te tu capies me was the Assertion of learned Authors and is generally believed among us Now an Euripus is any Strait Fret or Channel of the Sea running between two Shores But to pass this over Diogenes Laertius tells us That being accused of Impiety he withdrew into Chalcis where drinking Poyson he died And Apollodorus That he died there of a natural Death in his 63d or great Climacterical year It is likewise false what is said of this Euripus of its Ebb and Flow 7 times a day for as we have it from very good Evidence it ebbeth and floweth by 6 hours as it doth at Venice Primus sapientiae gradus est falsa intelligere AN ABRIDGMENT OF HONOUR Priviledges due to Gentility FROM the word Gentil-homme or Gentleman unde Gentil-hombre which we received from the French for till the Normans we had it not we made out this word Gentleman which was before called Aedel But this word Generosus hath been in use Generosus amongst us but since the Time of Henry the Eighth since when it hath been constantly used for a Gentleman of what sort soever if he had no Title above it Some of the Priviledges to Gentlemen are these 1. In Crimes of equal Constitution His Punishment provided not capital a Gentleman shall be punished with more favour than a common Person 2. In giving Evidence he hath much Evidence the precedence as also in Elections by Vote 3. The Clowâ—â— may not challenge a Combat Gentleman to Combat quia conditione impares Many others there he but it would be too tedious to insert them I refer the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sir John Fern his Glory of Generosiâ—â— To the making of which Gentleman A compleat Gentleman perfect in his Blood was required a lineal descent of the part of his Fathers side from Atavus Abavus Proavus Avus and Pater And as much on the Mothers Line then he is not only a Gentleman of Blood perfect but of Ancestors too Of the Esquire THE division of these Dignities of Honour Titles of Honour by the addition of a Knight-Baronet is into 13 parts The first 5 only Noble as the Gentleman Esquire Knight-Batchelor Knight-Banneret and Knight-Baronet The other 8 Princely and are allowed Coronets as the Baron Viscount Earl Marquess Duke Prince King and Emperor The Esquire or Escuyer 〈◊〉 called in 〈◊〉 The Esquire Armiger but more anciently Scaliger 〈◊〉 the Office of bearing a Shield as 〈◊〉 upon a Knight and were 〈◊〉 ordinis Candidati in the Field Of these there are 4 sorts By 〈◊〉 by Birth by Dignity and by Office The Esquire by Creation are the Heralds By Creation and Serjeants at Arms and are sometimes made by Patent The King gives them a silver Spur from whence they
men live longer commonly than in hot and in Islands than in the Continent Places observed for long livers are Arcadia Aetolia India Brasil Taprobane Britain and Ireland the Orcades and Hebrides To try the healthfulness of Air Take To try the healthfulness of Air. a lock of Wool and expose it to the open Air a few days if the weight-be not much increased another by a piece of Flesh if it corrupt not too soon Of these enquire further Fair in Face or Skin or Hair are shorter Signs of long Life livers Black red or freckled longer A pale colour in Youth betokens long Life so also a hard Skin and hard curled Hair Grey Hairs for Baldness signifie nothing much Hairiness in the upper Parts betokens short but in the lower Parts long Life A broad Breast somewhat crooked Shoulders a Hand large c. are signs of a long Life Medicines for long Life Often letting of Blood is certainly beneficial Blood-letting for long Life as also emaciating Diseases if well cured Saffron often taken in Meat is a great Strong Liquors and Spices help Spices Wine and strong Drinks must be used very moderately for they yield a predatory heat unto the Spirits There conduce to the robust heat of the Venus Spirits Venus often excited rarely performed A spare Diet as is approved by Experience Spare Diet. rendreth a man long liv'd Exercises wherein the Strength is too Exercise much extended hurteth much but used moderately benefit Great Joys attenuate the Spirits familiar Joys Chearfulness strengthens them Joy communicated sparingly comforts Grief and Fears the Spirits Grief and Sadness if void of Fear and not too violent prolong Life but great Fears injure much Anger suppressed is an Enemy to Longevity Anger and Envy but let loose it helpeth it but of all Passions Envy is the greatest Abbreviator of Life Pity without Fear is good otherwise Pity and Shame dangerous light Shame hurteth not but much and of long continuance is pernicious Love if not too unfortunate and violent Love and Hope hath good effects and Hope if not too much frustrated is the most beneficial of all Affections Admiration and light Contemplation Admiration are very powerful to the prolonging of Life Note that all these produce their Effects by the several operations on the Spirits It is a very great advantage to Longevity The chief prâ—â—moters of Longevity when the Spirits are in a placid and healthful state that which will be seen by the tranquility of their mind and chearful disposition that they cherish them and not change them Now the Spirits are contained in the same state by a restraining of the Affections temperateness of Diet abstinence from Venus moderation in Labour indifferent Rest and Repose Certainly living in Caves and Dens Desarts and Mountains where the Air is not heated with the Sun helps length of Life as hath been always observed Also living upon Mountains as those in Barbary produceth the same effect But that which hath the most potent operation Anointing the Skin to long Life is the anointing the Skin very finely every morning either with Oyl of Olives or sweet Almonds which stops the Pores and exceedingly refreshes and advantages the Spirits And 't is certain that Sweats commonly advanceth Sweats Health but derogateth much from long Life But note that Anointing is very subject to many Inconveniences Woollen worn next the Body is likewise Woollen very advantageous The next thing for the advancement of Clysters and Bathings long Life is the keeping of the Blood cool which is done by often taking Clysters and in the Summer-time Bathings To keep the juice of the Body somewhat hard which much conduces to long Meats Life these Meats are necessary Beef Swines-flesh Deer Goat Kid Swan Goose Ring-dove especially a little poudered Fish likewise salted and dried old Cheese and the like and for Bread any Corn makes more solid Bread than Wheat Generally all Fish-eaters are long liv'd Fish-eaters likewise little and dry Aliment is very advantageous Pure Water usually drunk benefits Water much but more if you add a little Nitre Cold Baths are much better than hot Swimming and Swimming as all other Exercises abroad are very good For Liquors very old Beer or Wine is Liquors very profitable especially if you put Swines-flesh or Deers-flesh well boyled in the Vessel that the sharp Spirits feeding upon these might lose their mordacity Likewise Ale would be very useful for Ale long Life if it were made not only of Grain but that it were mixed with a third part of sweet Roots as Potado-roots and the like Such things as are good for the Stomach Simples for the Stomach above other Simples are these Rosemary Elecampane Mastick Wormwood Sage Mint And note that nothing is worse than in Note a morning fasting to put any thing into the Stomach which is purely cold It is altogether requisite to long Life Motion that the Body should never rest long in one posture but that every half hour at least it change the posture save only in Sleep Great variety of Meat without doubt is Variety of Meat a great prolonger of Life as also good and well chosen Sawces Roast and bak'd Meats be much better than boyl'd It is certain that Diets that are now in Changing the Juyce use as Guaiacum Sarsaperilla China and Sassafras if they be continued for any time do first attenuate the whole Juyce of the Body and after consume it and drink it up and thereby is very useful and beneficial in Age to alter the old Juyce and after to place new Juyce which must needs be a great promoter of long Life for it is apparently manifest that men who by these Diets are brought to be extream lean pale and as it were Ghosts will soon after become fat well coloured and apparently young again We do confidently affirm that often Purges Purges and made even familiar to the Body do much conduce to long Life but the best Purges for this intention are those which are taken immediately before Meat because they dry the Body less and therefore they must be of those Purges which do least trouble the Belly The Porches of Death If Bloud or Flegm get into the ventricles Sudden Death of the Brain it causeth sudden Death as also a great Blow on the Head All Poysons presently expel the Spirits Poysons also extream Drunkenness or Feeding sometimes cause sudden Death Extream Grief or Fear cause the like Extream Passions as also Joys excessive and sudden have bereft many of their Lives Strangling or stopping the Breath cause Strangling Death for want of refrigeration to the Heart if it were possible that Pulse beating or Systole and Diastole of the Heart could be stopped without stopping the Breath Death would follow more speedily thereupon than by Strangling For reviving
those again which fall into How to recal Life if possible sudden Swooning and Catalepsis of Astonishment these things are used Putting hot and cordial Waters into their Mouths bending the Body forwards stopping the Mouth and Nostrils hard wringing the Fingers pulling the Hairs of the Beard or Head rubbing of the Parts c. SHORT COLLECTIONS OF Natural History Century I. DIG a Pit upon the Sea-shore somewhat 1. Experiment Percolation above the High-water Mark and sink it as deep as the Low-water Mark and as the Tide cometh in it will fill with Water fresh and potable which is caused by its being strained through the Sands by which the saltness is clearly taken away Take a glass Bottle fill the belly in 14. Exper. Separating Bodies by Weight part with Water take also a large Drinking-glass whereinto put Claret-wine and Water mingled reverse the first Glass stopping the Neb with your Finger then dip the mouth of it within the second Glass and remove your Finger continue it in that posture for a time and it will unmingle the Wine from the Water and Wine ascending and settling in the upper Glass and the Water descending And so of all other Liquors if they differ in weight the heavier being set uppermost Take a small Wax-candle and set it upright 31. Exper. Concerning the Flame of a Candle in a Porringer full of spirit of Wine heated then set both on fire and you shall see the flame of the Candle open it self and become four or five times bigger than otherwise it would have been and appear in figure Globular and not in Pyramis which shews that Flame would still ascend upwards in one greatness if it were not quenched by the pressure of Air on the sides Take an Arrow and hold it in the 32. Exper. Of the different force of Flame on the sides and in the middle Flame for the space of ten Pulses and you shall find those parts which were on the outside of the Flame more blackt and burnt than the part held in the midst which shews that Heat or Fire is not violent or furious but when it is checked or pent and also that as the Peripateticks held the pure Elemental fire in his own place and not irritated is but of a moderate heat It is certainly affirmed that a lump of 33. Exper. The decrease of the motion of gravity deep in the Earth as well as removed a distance from the Earth Ure in the bottom of a Mine will be moved by two men which above ground is hardly moved by six so that the opinion of all dense Bodies moving to the Center is a meer vanity It is reported of credit that if you lay 35. Exper. Solitary Touching making Vines more fruitful good store of Kernels of Grapes or other Kernels about the root of a Vine it will make the Vine come earlier and prosper better because the Kernels draw out of the Earth Juyce fit to nourish the Tree but the root being of greater strength robbeth and devoureth the nourishment 45. Exper. In consort touching Meats and Drinks that are most nourishing 46. Exper. An admirable Drink In Vegetables Grains and Roots nourish more than Leaves Marrow is more nourishing than fat the yolks of Eggs are clearly more nourishing than the whites Take two large Capons perboyl them upon a soft fire till in effect all the blood be gone add in the Decoction the Pill of a sweet Lemmon and a little Mace cut off the Shanks then mince them Bones and all as small as ordinary minced Meat put them into a large neat Boulter then take a Kilderkin sweet and well seasoned of four Gallons of Beer of 8 s. strength new as it cometh from the tunning make in the Kilderkin a great Bung-hole on purpose then thrust into it the Boulter with the Capons let it steep in it three days and three nights the Bung-hole open to work then close the Bung-hole and so let it continue a day and a half then draw it into Bottles and you may drink it well after three days bottleing it will last six weeks approved it drinketh very pleasant and fresh and is an admirable Drink for a Consumption Century II. III. LET a man take a Pail and put it Exper. the 155. How to keep long under Water over his Head going into a Bath and so douk keeping the mouth of the Pail level with the water that the Air might not get under the sides and he may take his breath freely a great while and if he then speak he may be heard to those above but it will seem very remote and exile It is observed and a very strange thing 205. An Observation of sight that to men standing below on the ground those that be on the top of Pauls seem much less than they are and cannot be known but to men above those below seem nothing so much lessened and may be known yet it is true that all things to them above seem also somewhat contracted and better collected into figure It much conduceth unto long Life that 292. Touching prolongation of Life mens actions be free and voluntary secundum genium or that mens actions be full of regulation and commands within themselves the performance whereof giveth a good disposition to the Spirits and hinders them from consuming the juice of the Body Century IV. V. VI. IT is tryed that the burying of Bottles of drink well stopped either in dry 315. To make Drink fresh and quick Earth a good depth or in the bottom of a Well within Water and best of all the hanging them in a deep Well somewhat above the Water for some fortnights space is an excellent means of making drink fresh and quick Take an Apple and enclose it in Wax 318. Keeping Fruit green fresh and you will find that after several moâ—â—hs if the Apple was green before you cannot perceive any alteration either in colour or taste Hang an Apple in the smoak it will 319. Quick maturation of Apples turn like an old mellow Apple wrinkled dry soft sweet and yellow within in a very short time Let there be a small Furnace made of a 327. To make Gold temperate heat let the heat be such as may keep the Metal perpetually moiten and no more for that above all importeth to the work For the material take Silver next which Copper is the best put in also with the Silver a tenth part of Quicksilver and a twelfth part of Nitre by weight and so let the work be continued by the space of six Months at the least I wish also that there be sometimes an insection of some oyled substance such as they use in the recovering of Gold which by vexing with Separations hath been made churlish and this is to lay the parts more close and smooth which is the main work For the nature of the Nourishment it 354. Experiment touching the