and yielding Channel and in a little time made himself master of it From the Persians it revolted in the reign of Darius Hystaspes and that sustenance might not be wanting to the men of warre they strangled the most part of the women being thought in actions of this quality not so much as necessary evils When they had for twenty moneths so obstinately defended the Town that the Persians had less hope than ever of prevailing Zopyrus one of Darius Captains mangling his body and disfiguring his face by cutting off his nose and ears fled to the Babylonians complaining of the tyranny of his King They crediting his words and knowing his prowess commited the charge of the whole army unto him as a man to whom such barbarous usage had made the King irreconcilable But he taking the best opportunity delivered both the Town and Souldiers into the hands of his Soveraign Which made Darius often say that he had rather have one Zopyrus than twenty Babylous Here died Alexander the Great after whose death the Graecian Captains regardful rather of their own ambitions than the common loyalty divided the Empire among themselves leaving the body of the King 8 dayes unburied A wonderful change of fortune that he who living thought the world too small for his valour being dead should find no place big enough for his body After this taking of it by the Macedonians the glories and magnificence hereof began to decline lessned unto a fourth part in the time of Qu Curtius the historian in solitudinem redacta reduced to desolation in the dayes of Pliny and being turned into a Park in which the Kings of Persia did use to hunt in the time of Saint Hiâ—rome That wondrous change occasioned partly by the injury of time partly by the neglect of the Macedomans who removed the Seat Royal of their Empire more towards Greece but principally by Seleucus Nicanor who offended with the Babylonians built the City of 3. Seleucia the second City of note in all this Countrey situate in a place more commodious and healthy neer the meeting of Tigris and Euphrates and about 40 miles more North than Babylon out of which he drew 500000 persons for the peopling of it Nor did this new City rob the old onely of its power and greatness but also of its very name being called Babylon in some of the antient Authors 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as for one by Stephanus In the primitive times of Christianity the Bishop of this See was accounted for the Primate of the Chaldaeans with a super-intendency over the Christians of India also as before was said But this Supplanter was in time broughâ— to ruin also And 4. Bagdad a new City raised from the ruins of it built neer the foundations of Seleucia by Bugiaâ—er the twentieth Calâ—ph of the Mahometans at the expence as some write of eighteen millions of Crowns which because of the many Gardens contained in it had the name of Bagdad the word so signifying in the Arabick tongue First built upon the Western bank of the River Tigris neer to its confluence with Buphrates but in the year 1095. removed to the other side of the River by Mustetaher the 45 Caliph of the Saracâ—â— because less subject to the inundations of that furious River But it was reckoned still for the same City as if built by Bugiafer by whom being made the seat of his Royall Residence whose Successors were from hence called the Caliphs of Babylon it flourished in great pride and splendour till taken and saked by Allan or Haalan a Tartarian Captain who here starved Musteatzem the last Câ—liph of it and rooted out his whole posterity as if the Caliphate and the City were to end together But the Town revived again though the Caliph could not continuing to this day a City of great wealth and trafick but nothing comparable unto what it was for beauty and bigness being not above seven miles in compass and having nothing in the buildings to be justly bragged of Taken by Solyman the Magnificâ—nt with the rest of the Countrey it became subject to the Turks from them recovered by Abas the King of Persia Anno 1625. and again recovered by the Turks about the year 1640. In which changes it can be no marvell that she hath lost much of her former splendour Maintained especially at the present by the trade of Aleppo to which besides such goods as go up the water there passe yearly many Caravans or troops of Merchants each of them having in it some hundreds if not thousands of Camels laden with commodities For whose safe lodging as they pass the waies being generally ill provided for Travellers in these Eastern Countreys there are some houses of receipt built at the publick charge or by some speciall Benefactor to preserve his memory most of them strong and many very fair and lovely which in the dominions of the Persians they call Caravane-Ruwes in the Turkish Canes And for communicating the success of their business unto the place from whence they came they make use of Pigeons which is done in this manner When the Hen-Pigeon fitteth or hath any young they take the Cock and set him in an open Cage whom when they have travelled a daies journey they let go at liberty and he strait flieth home to his Mate When they have trained them thus from one place to another and that there be occasion to send any advertisements they tie a letter about one of their necks which at their return home is taken off by some of the house advertised thereby of the estate of the Caravan The like is also used betwixt Ormus and Balsora But of this enough 5. Ctesiphon on the River Tigris not far from Seleucia by whose fall it rose occasioning the decay thereof as that did of Babylon So Pliny speaking of the fall of Babylon by the building of Seleucia so neer unto it then adding invicem ad hanc exhauriend im Ctesiphontem juxta tertium ab ea Lapidem condidere Parthi First built saith Marcellinus by Vardanes afterwards beautified and walled by Pacorus a Parthian King and by him made the Seat-Royall of the Persian Kingdome Many times besieged and assaulted by the Roman Emperors but most commonly without success and amongst others by Julian the Apostate that bitter enemy of the Gospell who here breathed out his soul to Satan in these dying words Vicisti tandem Galileae But Vardanes whosoever he was cannot of right be called the first founder of it who raised it rather from the rubbish of an old foundation this City being the same with that which Moses calleth Calne and Ezekiel Canneh Gen. 11. and Ezek. 27. 23. and therefore rightly said by Pliny to be built in Chalanitide or the Region of Chalne 6. Sipparum remarkable for the great Trench made neer it to receive the over flowings of Euphrateâ— which otherwise might have annoyed the City of Babylon in compass 1280 furlongs or 160 miles In depth 20 fathoms
Fire and the very Earth to which they offered in the morning fasting the first of their meats and drinks Their Idols made of Felt and placed on both sides of the doors of their tents or booths as the preservers of their Cattel and the Authors of milk Divided into five Clans or Tribes denominating so many Towns and territories in which they dwelâ— that is to say 1. Mongul 2. Yekâ—-Mongul or the Great Mongul 3. Sommongul or the water-Mongul 4. Mercat 5. Metrit each of them Governed by its Chief as commonly it is amongst barbarous Nations though all those Chiefs subordinate to some higher power Oppressed by Uncham or Unt-cham the King of Tenduc who invaded their pastures and compelled them to pay unto him the tenth of their Cattel with joint consent they removed somewhat further off and denied their Tribute This opportunity was taken by Cingis one of the Tribe of the Yekâ—-Monguls and so well husbanded that they admitted him for their King For publishing abroad amongst the Credulous people that an armed man appeared to him in his sleep with a white horse and said â— Cangius or Cingis it is the will of immortall God that thou be Governour of the Tartars and free them from bondage and paying tribute he found a generall belief especially amongst those of his own Clan who joyning themselves to him followed him as their Ring-leader in all his actions Thus backed and strengthned he made warre against the Sommonguls â—lew their Commander and subdued them and by their help successively assaulted the Mercats and Metrits whom he also vanquished And having thus subdued all the Clans of the Tartars and added the estates of Thebâ—t and Tanguth unto his Dominions he was by the consent of the seven Princes or Chiefs of their Clans Thebetâ— and Tanguth being added to the former number placed on a seat on a peece of Felt the best throne they had or could afford and saluted King with as great reverence and solemnity as their state could yield And first to make triall of his power and their obedience he commanded the seven Chiefs or Princes to surrender their places and each of them to cut off the head of his eldest sonne which was done accordingly Had John of Leiden been a Scholar as he was but a Botcher I should think he had studied the Acts of Cingis and proceeded by them Assured by this of their fidelity and obedience he set upon the Naymans a people of the Kingdom of Tenduc whom he overcame And now conceiving himself fit for some great alliance he sent to Uncham and demanded one of his daughters for his wife Which Uncham with some threats but more scorn denying he marched against him slew him in the field and possessed his daughter and with her also his estate Proud with this good success and encouraged by so great an increase of power he invaded the Kingdome of Cathay pretending for that also the authority of an heavenly vision in the name of the immortall God in which attempt discomfited at first with a very great overthrow but at last victorious conquering the several nations of it by one and one till in the end he brought the warre to the chief City of that Kingdome which at last he took and therewithall the title of Cham or Emperor Continuing in this dignity for the space of six years and every year adding somewhat to his dominions he was at last wounded in the knee at the Castle of Thaygin of which wound he died and was honourably buried in Mount Altay This is the best accompt I am able to give of the beginning of this great Empire the originall of this spreading Nation and the description of the Country of their first habitation They that have christned some of the most Northern parts of it by the names of the Tribes of Dan and Napthalim and accordingly placed them in their Maps might with more credit have supplied those vacant places which they knew not otherwise how to fill with the pictures of wild beasts or monstrous fishes which might well enough have pleased the eye without betraying the judgement of the looker on Of his Successors I am able to make no certain Catalogue their names being doubtfully delivered and the succession much confounded amongst our writers the names of the Provincial Sultans being many times imposed upon us instead of those of the Chams themselves But we will wade through those difficulties as well as we can and exhibit as perfect a Catalogue of them as the light of story will direct me first adding what should have been before remembered that it is recorded that Cingis before he joyned battel with Uncham consulted with his Diviners and Astrologers of the success They taking a green reed cleft it asunder writ on the one the name of Cingis and Uncham on the other and placed them not farre asunder Then fell they to reading their Charms and conjurations and the reeds fell a fighting in the sight of the whole Army Cingâ—s Reed overcomming the other whereby they foretold the joyfull news of victory to the Tartars which accordingly hapned And this was the first step by which this base and beggerly Nation began to mount unto the chair of Empire and Soveraignty whereas before they lived like beasts having neither letters nor faith nor dwelling nor reputation nor valor nor indeed any thing befitting a man as before was said The great Chams of Tartars A. C. 1162. 1. Cingis Cinchius Zingis or Changius was made King or Cham of the Tartars he subdued Tenduch and Cathaia changing the name of Scythians and Scythia to Tartartans and Tartariâ— 6. 1168. 2. Jocuchan Cham or Hoccata succeeded In his time the name of Tartar was first known in Europe Anno 1212. in which year they drove the Polesockie from the banks of the Euxine Sea By his Captain Bathu or Roâ—do he subdued Moscovia planted his Tartars in Taurica Chersonesus wasted Hungary Bosnia Servia Bulgaria and by his other Captains took Pâ—rsia from the Turks 3. Zaincham Bathu or Barcham ruined the Turks Kingdom of Damascus and Asia the lesse 4. Gino Châ—m whose daughter conveyed the Empire unto her husband Tamerlane or Tamberlâ—ne 1370. 5. Tamir-Cutlu Tamir-Cham or Tamerlane a great tyrant but withall an excellent Souldier It is thought that he subdued more Provinces in his life-time than the Romans had done in 800 years Of whose acts we have spoke at large Dying he divided his great Empire amongst his Children as Persia to Miza Charok his fourth sonne Zagathay to another perhaps unto Sautochus his eldest sonne and so to others 1405. 6. Lutrochin the second sonne of Tamerlane succeeded in Cathay though the eldest was before proclamed which his Father had before prognosticated who when his sons came to him before his death laid his hand on the head of Sautochus who was the eldest but lifting up the chin of Lutrochin who was the second He lived not long succeeded to by 7. Atlan who added little
did resolve the rather in regard that he had been informed that a rich Country full of Gold was in that Tract possessed by Popayan and Columbaz two Petit Princes but yet the greatest in those parts Encountred in his march by the Roytelets of Patia and Pasto he soon made them weary and retire themselves into the Woods and impassable Mountains and passing slowly on came at last to Popayan Where though the Savages entertained him with some frequent skirmishes yet they grew quieter by degrees giving the Spaniards leave to possess themselves of their best Towns and to build others in such places as they thought convenient But this was after the first Conquest according to the coming over of succeeding Colonies The first Conquest being finished Anno 1536. when the New Realm of Granada was subdued by Ximinez OF PERV PERV is bounded on the East with that vast ridge of Mountains which they call the Andes on the West with Mare del Zur on the North with Popayan an Appendix of the New Realm of Granada on the South with Chile So called from the River Peru which being one of the first of note which the Spaniards met with in this Country occasioned them to give that name to the whole It is in length from North to South 700 Leagues but the breadth not equal In some places 100 Leagues broad in others 60. in the rest but 40. more or less according to the windings of the Seas and Mountains Divided commonly into three parts all of so different a nature from one another as if they were far distant both in site and soyl These parts the Plains the Hill Countries and the Andes the Plains extended on the Sea shore in all places level without Hils the Andes a continuall ridge of Mountains without any Vallies the Sierra or Hill-Countries composed of both Each part stretched out from North to South the whole length of the Country the Plains from the Sea shore to the Hill-Countries for the most part ten Leagues broad in some places more the Hill-Countries 20 Leagues in breadth where narrowest and as much the Andes In the Plains it never raineth on the Andes continually in a manner in the Hill-Countries Rain from September to April after that fair weather In the Hill Countries the Summer beginneth in April and endeth in September in the Plains their Summer beginneth in October and endeth in April So that a man may travel from Summer to Winter in one day be frozen in the morning at his setting forth and scorched with heat before he come to his journies end Some other differences there are as that the Andes are covered with VVoods and Forrests whereas the Hill Countries are bare and naked the Plains where there are store of Rivers and the benefit of the Sea besides sandy and dry and in most places destitute both of Fruits and Corn â—n some parts of the Hill Countries where there are no Rivers and a Rain but seldom plenty of Roots Maize Fruits and all other necessaries In the Plains there never bloweth any but the Southerly wind though it bring no rain with it and in the Hils winds from every Coast and of every nature some bringing Rain some Snow some claps of Thunder and others fair weather at the heels of them Insomuch that it is observed that such of the Inhabitants of the Plains as go up to the Sierra or Mountains do find such pains in the head and stomack as fresh water souldiers when first Sea-sick Not to pursue these differences any further in the several parts we will look upon the whole in gross which we shall find but meanly furnished for the bigness with those Commodities which so large a Country might afford insomuch as many of the People live most on Roots here being little VVheat and not such quantities of Maize the ordinary bread grain of the Americans as to serve their multitudes Nor find I that the Cattel of Europe have been either brought hither in any great numbers or are grown to any great increase Instead of which they have in their woods and pastures infinite numbers of beasts somewhat like wild Goats which they call Vicagues and great store of a kind of sheep by them called Pacos profitable both for fleece and burden as big as a small breed of Horses but in tast as pleasing as our Mutton and no less nourishing A Creature so well acquainted with its own abilities that when he findeth himself over-loaded no blows or violence shall make him move a foot forwards till his load be lessened and of so cheap a dyet that he is content with very little and sometimes passeth three whole dayes without any water The Camels of these parts and not much unlike them This as it is by some accompted for a Creature proper to this Country only though in that mistaken so may it pass amongst the Rarities hereof many of which it hath both in Beasts and Plants and in inanimate bodies also Amongst their Plants they have a Fig tree the North part whereof looking towards the Mountains bringeth forth its Fruits in the Summer only the Southern part looking to the Sea fruitful only in Winter Some as deservedly do count the Coca for a wonder the Leaves whereof being dryed and formed into Lozenges or little Pellets are exceeding useful in a journey For melting in the mouth they satisfie both hunger and thirst and preserve a man in strength and his spirits in vigour and generally are esteemed of such soveraign use that it is thought that 100000 Baskets full of the Leaves of this Tree are sold yearly at the Mines of Potosia only each of which at the Markets of Cusco would yield 12. d. or 18. d a piece Another Plant they tell us of but I find no name for it which if put into the hands of a sick person will instantly discover whether he be like to live or die For if on the pressing it in his hand he look merry and chearfull it is an assured sign of his Recovery as on the other side of death if sad and troubled Amongst their Beasts besides those spoken of before they reckon that which they call the Huanacu of which it is observed that the Males stand Centinel on the Mountains while the Females are feeding in the Vallies and if they see any men coming towards them they set out their throws to give their Females notice of some danger near whom when they come up to them they put in the front of the Retreat interposing their own bodies betwixt them and their enemy Nor want they Rarities of nature even in things inanimate here being said to be a round Lake near the Mines of Poâ—â—â—i whose water is so hot though the Country be exceeding cold that they who bathe themselves are not able to endure the heats thereof if they go but a little from the Banks there being in the midst thereof a boyling of above 20 foot square A Lake which never doth decrease
or Dominions by any undertakings and Adventures at Sea as the Portugals did incorporated to their Crown as fair and large possessions in the Realm of France as any of the others did in the Spanish Continent The Principality of Bearn the Earldoms of Foix and Begorre united in the person of Gaston of Foix as those of Armaignac and Albret in the person of John Earl of Albret all lying together on the other side of the Pyrenees all added to this Crown by mariage with the Heirs hereof made up a fairer and wealthier Estate than Navarre it self inferiour to few Provinces in the Realms of Spain Not to say any thing of the accession of the Countie Palatine of Champagne exchanged afterwards for some Lands in the Coantie of La March in Limosin or of the Earldoms of Eureux and the Dutchie of Vendosme as lying further off and of lesse importance Nor of the great Kingdom of France now herewith incorporate as to the person of the K. though not in the possession of this Kingdom also With so much judgement and success did the ensuing Kings not otherwise able to enlarge their territories bestow their daughâ—ers that the Distaff proved as happy to this little Kingdom as the Sword to others 8 Charles the second of that name and the 30th King of Navarre whom I mention not for any glorious Actions atchieved in his life for that was full enough of ignominy but for the strangeness and hideousness of his death He was a Prince much given to voluptuousness and sensuall pleasures which so wasted his spirits that in his old age he sell into a kind of Lethargie To comfort his benummed joynts he was bound and sewed up naked in a sheet steeped in boyling Aqua-vitae The Chirurgion having made an end of sewing the sheet and wanting a knife to cut off the threed took a wax candle that stood lighted by him but the flame running down by the threed caught hold on the sheet which according to the nature of Aqua-vitae burned with that vehemency that the miserable King ended his dayes in the fire 9 John of Aâ—agon the second Sonne of Ferdinand the first in the life of his Brother Alphonso was made King of Navarre in right of Blanche his Wife Daughter of Charles the 3d and on the death of his Brother King of Aragon also And though his Queen died long before him in whose right he reigned yet he kept possession of the Kingdom till his death reigning 54 years in all notwithstanding the opposition made against him by Charles Prince of Viana his onely Sonne by that mariage and Heir apparent of that Crown whom he vanquished imprisoned and at last poysoned 10 John Earl of Albret in Gascoigne King of Navarre in right of Katharine his Wife in whose reign the Kingdom of Navarre was seized on by Ferdinand the Catholique Sonne of the said John King of Aragon and Navarre by a second Wife The manner of it we shall relate with more particulars when we have summed up the whole Succession of The Kings of Navarre A Ch. 716. 1 Garcia Ximines 42. 758. 2 Garcia II. Sonne of Garc. Ximines 822. 3 Fortunio 13. 815. 4 Sancho Garcia 17. 832. 5 Ximines Garcia the last of the direct Line of Garcia Ximines An Interregnum of 4 years 844. 6 Inigo surnamed Arista Earl of Begorre the next Heir Male of the house of Garcia Ximines 23. 867. 7 Garcia III. surnamed Inigo 18. 885. 8 Fortunio II. King of Navarre and Earl of Aragon 16. 901. 9 Sancho II. called Abarca Brother of Fortunio the 2d 19. 920. 10 Garcia IV. 49. 969. 11 Sancho III. 24. 993. 12 Garcia V. surnamed the Trembler 1000. 13 Sancho IV. surnamed the Great of whom sufficiently before 1034. 14 Garcias VI. called de Nagera eldest Sonne of Sancho 20. 1054. 15 Sancho V. slain by 1074. 16 Raymir the Brother of Sancho the fift dispossessed by 1076. 17 Sancho VI. surnamed Ramires King of Aragon 18. 1094. 18 Pedro King of Aragon 1104. 19 Alfonso called the Warriour the last of the Kings of Aragon reigning in Navarre 1134. 20 Garcia VII Nephew of Garcia de Nagera 16. 1150. 21 Sancho VII surnamed the Wise 1194. 22 Sancho VIII the last of the Male issue of Garcia Ximines 40. 1234. 23 Theobald Earl of Champagne Sonne of the Lady Blanch Sister and Heir of Sancho the 8th 19. 1253. 24 Theobald II. Earl of Campagne 18. 1271. 25 Henry Sonne of Theobald the 2d 3. 1274. 26 Joane the Daughter of Henry maried to Philip the Fair of France 31. 1305. 27 Lewis Hutin King of France 10. 1315. 28 Philip the Long King of France 5. 1320. 29 Charles the Fair King of France 8. 1328. 30 Joane II. Qu. of Navarre the Daughter of Lewis Hutin Philip II. Earl of Eureux 1349. 31 Charles II. Sonne of Ioane and Philip of Eureux 37. 1386. 32 Charles III. Earl of Eureux 39. 1425. 33 Iohn Prince of Aragon after the death of his elder Brother King of Aragon also the Husband of Blanch the Daugher of Charles the 3d. 54. 1479. 34 Leonora Daughter of Iohn and Blanch the Widow of Gaston Earl of Foix a Queen of 15 dayes onely 1479. 35 Francis Phoebus Grandchild of Leonora and Gaston of Foix by their Sonne Gaston Prince of Viane 1483. 36 Catharine Sister of Francis Iohn Earl of Albret 1517. 37 Henry II. Earl of Albret Sonne of Iohn and Catharine 1556. 38 Ioane III. Daughter of Henry of Albret Antonie of Burbon Duke of Vendosme in France 1572. 39. Henry III. the Sonne of Antonie and Ioane after the death of Henry the 3d of France succeeded also in that Realm by the name of Henry the 4th 1610. 40 Lewis II. of Navarre and XIII of France 41 Lewis III. of Navarre and XIV of France now living with whom remain the rights but not the possession of this Kingdom For in the reign of Catharine and Iohn of Albret Ferdinand gathered an Army under the pretence of rooting out the Moores and surprized this Kingdom altogether unprovided and destitute of means to make the smallest resistance Anno 1512. The pretended reason of this surpizall was an Excommnication laid on these Princes by the Pope of which this King took upon him to be the Executioner but the true cause was an antient desire which this King had to possess this frontire kingdom it being a strong Bulwark against France It hapned then that Lewis the 12th having incurred the displeasure of Pope â—tâ—lio the second was together with all his adherents excommunicated and his and their estates given to such as could or would subdue them The King and Queen of Navarre were at this time both French subjects he in respect of Albret his paternall inheritance and she of her estates of Foix and Bearn and therefore sided with the French King Ferdinand having as we said levied an Army under colour of extirpating the Moores turneth upon the French King and demanded of these Princes not only a free
its own as each Diocese had residing in the same Citie with the Vicar or Lieutenant Generall which was then at York of as great power and jurisdiction in the Isle of Britain as any Patriarch of Alexandria Rome or Antioch in their severall Patriarchates The Metropolitans were no more than before they were It being ordered by a Canon of the Councill of Chalcedon that their number should not be augmented by any alteration made of the Roman Provinces As for the Forces which the Romans kept here in continuall pay as well to keep their Coasts and Frontires against the Enemy as for retayning of the Natives in their due obedience they came in all if Panciroll be not mistaken in his reckoning to 23000 Foot and 2000 Horse three Legions keeping here their constant and continuall Residence that is to say the sixt Legion surnamed Victrix at York the 20th Legion surnamed also Victrix at West-Chester and the second Legion sometimes at Isca Danmoniorum which we now call Exeter sometimes at Isca Siluâ—um which is now Caer-Leon upon Usk Which Legions with their Aides and Cohorts may well make up the number spoken of before Of so high estimaton was this Iland in the State of Rome Yet could not all these Forces so preserve the Countrie from forrein Enemies but that in the declining of the Roman Empire the Saxons made great spoyles on the coasts thereof as did the Scots and Picts on the Northern borders against all which the Romans held out well enough and made good their ground till the recalling of the Legions out of Britain for defence of Italy it self then wasted and destroyed by the barbarous nations Which hapned in or about the yeer of Christ 407 and some 470 yeers from the first invasion Honorius being at that time the Roman Emperour and Victorinuâ— the last Governour for the Empire in the Isle of Britain For though the noble Aetiuâ— on the Petition and complaint of the slaughtered people unmercifully butchered by the Scots and Picts sent some small forces to assist them against those Enemies yet were they presently called back for defence of Gaul against the Hunnes breaking in upon it out of Italie And then the wretched Britains hopeless of all help from Rome and being unable by their own strength to repell the Enemy by reason of their long ease and disuse of Arms applied themselves to Aldroenus King of Armorica in France called Little Britain a Prince extracted from the same stock for relief and succour whose Brother Constantine according to the British storie passing over with a competent Army and having valiantly repulsed the barbarous people was crowned King of Britain the first of a new race of Kings which swayed the Scepter with much trouble and continual conflicts either against the Scots or Saxons till they were finally subdued and shut up in Wales Those of most observation in the course of storie were 1 Constantine the first King and the restorer of the Countrie to Peace and quiet traiterously murdered by a Pict 2 Vortiger E. of the Gevilles now Cornwall Protector of Constantius the Sonne of Constantine taken out of a Monastery after whose death wherein he was conceived to have had an hand he got the Kingdom to himself but being unable to defend it against the Enemy and make his title also good against the other children of Constantine first called in the Saxons 3 Vortimer eldest Sonne of Vâ—rtiger who overthrew the Saâ—ons in many battels but in the midst of his successes was poysoned by Rowena a Saxon Lady second Wife of Vortiger 4 Arthur one of the Worlds nine Worthies of whom the Moâ—kish writers and other Lâ—gendaries report so many idle and impossible actions Doubtless he was a Prince of most perfect vertue a great Preserver of his Countrie from approaching ruine and worthy of the pen of an able Panegyrist by whom his brave atchievements might have come entire unto us without the intermixture of those feats of Chivalry affabulated to him and his Kuights of the Round-table For by the overstraining of some Monkish Writers Geofry of Monmouth and the rest they have given too just occasion to posterity to suspect that vertue which they intended to advance and filled us with as much ignorance of the story as admiration of the persons But this hath not been the ill hap of King Arthur and his Nobles onely Charlemagne and the Twelve Peers of France men of great vertue and renown suffering as deeply in the same kind by the solly of the French Romances It is affirmed of this Arthur but how true I know not that he began the custome of celebrating the Nativity of our Lord and Saviour for the twelve dayes following with such pastimes and sports as are or have been used of late by the Lords of Misrule in some Gentlemens houses an Institution which the Scotish Writers of those times much blame perhaps not unjustly it being a time more sit for our devotions than such rude disports But to proceed King Arthur dying left the Crown to 5 Constantine the Sonne of Cador Duke of Cornwall his neerest kinsman slain by Aâ—relius Conanuâ— his own Nephew who succeeded after him which fraction did so weaken the distressed Britans that they were forced to withdraw themselves beyond the Severn as 6 Careticus or Caradoc by the joynt forces of the Saxons to charge the plain Countries beyond the Severn for the safer but more fruitless Mountains Of the rest till Cadwaâ—lader there is little left of any certainty but their names only which are thus ranked in the second race of The Kings of Britain after the withdrawing of the Romans A. C. 433. 1 Constantine 10. 443. 2 Constantius 3. 446. 3 Vortiger 18. 464. 4 Vortimer his Sonne 7. 471. 5 Vortiger again 10. 481. 6 Aurelius Ambrosius 19. 500. 7 Uter Pendragon 6. 506. 8 Arthur 36. 542. 9 Constantine II. 4. 546. 10 Aurel. Conanus 30. 576. 11 Vortipor 4. 580. 12 Malgo. 6. 586. 13 Caneticus or Caradoc 27. 613. 14 Cadwan 22. 635. 15 Cadwallan 43. 687. 16 Cadwallader the last King of the Briâ—ans who on a superstitious zeal travelled in pilgrimage to Rome there to receive the habit of a Religious Order from the hands of Pope Sergius where he died not long after Anno 689. After whose death his Successors were no longer called Kings of Britain but Kings or Princes of Wales And there we shall be sure to find them And so the Britans leave the Stage and the Saxons enter a great and potent Nation amongst the Germans but greater by the aggregation of many people under their name and service than in themselves the Jutes and Angles joyning with them and passing in Accompt as the same one Nation Their Countries different as their names untill this Conjunction but neighbouring neer enough to unite together the Angles dwelling at the first in that part of the Cimbrian Chersonese which we now call Sleswick where still the Town called Angoleâ— doth preserve
begun by Trajan 20. 16 Antoninus Pius whose friendship was sought by the very Indians 24. 17 Marcus Antoninus surnamed the Philosopher associated L. Verus in the Government by whose valour he subdued the Parthians he raised the fourth Persecution against the Church An. 167. 19. 18 L. Antoninus Commodus sonne to Marcus the first Emperour that had been hitherto born in the time of his Fathers Empire 13. 19 Aelius Pertinax made Emperour against his will 20 Didius Iulianus who bought the Empire of the Souldiers 21 Septimius Severus took Ctesiphon from the Parthians subdued the Province of Oâ—roene and raised the fifth Persecution An. 195. 18. 22 Bassianus Caracalla sonne to Severus 23 Opilius Macrinus made Emperor by the men of War 24 Varius Heliogabalus the supposed sonne of Caracalla 25 Alexander Severus Cosen of Varius 26 Maximinus a fellow of obscure birth who being advanced to the Empire raised the sixt Persecution An. 237. 27 Gordian elected by the Senate against Maximinus 6. 28 Philip an Arabian supposed by some to be a Christian 5. 29 Decius slain in war against the Gothes the Author of the seventh Persecution raised against the Church An. 250. 2. 30 Gallâ—s Hostilianus 2. 31 Aemilianus the Moore 32 Valerianus the Author of the eighth Persecution An. 259. He was taken prisoner by Sapores King of Persia and made to serve him for a footstool 33 Gallienus sonne to Valerianus in whose time the 30 Tyrants ingrossed unto themselves severall parts of the Empire 34 Claudius II. who after a short and troublesome time left it to 35 Quintillus his Brother who enjoyed the same but 17 daies 36 Valer. Aurelianus restored again the antient discipline suppressed all the Invaders of the Empire and vanquished the Gothes but was a great persecutor of the Church An. 278. 6. 37 Annius Tacitus descended from Tacitus the Historian 38 Florianus an Emperour of two moneth only 39 Valerius Probus 6. 40 Aurelius Carus together with his two sonnes Carinus and Numerianus 41 Dioclesian first associated Maximianus by the name of Emperour or Augustus and afterwards Galerius of Dacia and Constantinus Chlorus by the name of Caesars He had continuall Wars against the Persians and raised the tenth Persecution against the Church An. 295. Which held so long and was so vehement withall that as St. Hierom writes there were 5000 slain for every day in the year save the first of January He afterwards resigned the Empire and lived in private at Salona 20. 41 Constantinus Chlorus a friend to Christians 2. 42 Constantine sonne of Chlorus surnamed Magnus or the great the first Emperor that countenanced the Gospel and embraced it publickly which he is said to have done on this occasion At the same time that he was saluted Emperor in Britain Maxentius was chosen at Rome by the Praetorian Souldiers and Licinius named Successor by Maiminus the associate of his Father Chlorus Being pensive and solicitons upon these distractions he cast his eyes up towards Heaven where he saw in the Air a lightsome Pillar in the form of a Cross wherein he read these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in hoc vince and the next night our Saviour appearing to him in a Vision commanded him to bear that figure in his Standard and he should overcome all his Enemyes This he performed and was accordingly victorious from which time he not only favoured the Christians but became a very zealous professor of the Faith and Gospel I know Zosimus an Heathen Historian partly out of malice to the Christians in generall and partly a particular grudge to the Emperor Constantine reporteth otherwise of the causes of his Conversion But the authority and consent of all Christian Writers who deliver it as before is told is far to be preferred before the testimony of one single Heathen had he not been biassed as he was by his disaffections Before this time it is observed that few if at all any of the Roman Emperorâ— died a naturall death as after they generally did From Julius Caesar unto Constantine there were 40. in all Of which Julius was openly murdered in the Senate Augustus made away in his wife Lavia as Tiberius afterwards by Macro Caligula was slain by Cassius Chaereas Claudius poysoned by his wife Agrippina Nero and Otho layd violent hands upon themselves Galba and Vitellius massacred by the Souldiers Domitian by Stephanus Commodus by Laetus and Electus Pertinax and Julianus by the Souldiers of their Guard Caracalla by the command of Macriuus Macrinus Heliogabalus Alexander Maximinus Maximus and Balbinus successively by the men of War Gordiauus by Philip Philip by the Souldiers Hostilianus by Gallus and Aemilianns and they by the Souldiers Valerianus dyed a prisoner in Parthia Florianus was the author of his own end Aurelianus murdered by his houshold servants Gallienus Quintillus Tacitus and Probus by the fury of the military men And yet I have omitted out of this Accompt such of the Emperors as were tumultuously made by the Army without the approbation of the Senate as also the Caesars or designed Successors of the Empire most of which got nothing by their designation and adoption but ut citius interficerentur Some of these were cut off for their misdemeanours some for seeking to revive again the antient Discipline and some that others might enjoy their places The chief cause of these continuall massacres proceeded originally from the Senate and Emperors themselves For when the Senators had once permitted the Souldiers to elect Galba and had confirmed that election Evulgato saith Tacitus imperii arcano principem alibi quà m Romae fieri posse more Emperors were made abroad in the field by the Legions than at home by the Senators Secondly from the Emperors who by an unseasonable love to their Guard-souldiers so strengthened them with privileges and nusled them in their licencious courses that on the smallest rebuke they which were appointed for the safety of the Princes proved the Authors of their ruin so truly was it said by Augustus in Dion Metuendum est esse sine custode sed multò magis à custode metuendum est The last cause be it causa per accidens or per se was the largess which the new Emperors used to give unto the men of service a custom begun by Claudius Caesar and continued by all his Successors insomuch that the Empire became saleable and many times he which bad most had it As we see in â—â—on when Sulpitianus offering twenty Sestertiums to each souldier was as if they had been buying of a stock at Gleek out-bidden by Julianus who promised them five and twenty Sestertiums a man So that Herodian justly complaineth of this Donative Id initium causaque militibus fuit ut etiam in posterum turpissimi contumacissimique evaderent sic ut avaritâ—a indies ac principum contemptus etiam ad sanguinem usque proveherent
they had reigned here under eight of their Kings for the space of 72 years they were at last subdued by Belisarius and Narses two of the bravest Souldiers that had ever served the Eastern Emperours and Italie united once more to the Empire in the time of Justinian But Narses having governed Italie about 17 years and being after such good service most despightfully used by Sophia never the wiser for her name the wife of the Emperor Justinus abandoned the Country to the Lombards For the Empress envying his glories not only did procure to have him recalled from his Government but sent him word That she would make the Eunuch for such he was come home and spin among her maids To which the discontented man returned this Answer That he would spin her such a Web as neither she nor any of her maids should ever be able to unweave and thereupon he opened the passages of the Country to Alboinus King of the Lombards then possessed of Pannonia who comming into Italie with their Wives and Children possessed themselves of all that Country which antiently was inhabited by the Cisalpine Galls calling it by their own names Longobardia now corruptly Lombardy Nor staid he there but made himself master of the Countries lying on the Adriatick as far as to the borders of Apulia and for the better Government of his new Dominions erected the four famous Dukedoms 1 of Friuli at the entrance of Italie for the admission of more aids if occasion were or the keeping out of new Invaders 2 of Turlu at th foot of the Alpes against the French 3 of Benevent in Abruzzo a Province of the Realm of Naples against the incursions of the Greeks then possessed of Apulia and the other Eastern parts of that Kingdom and 4 of Spoleto in the midst of Italie to suppress the Natives leaving the whole and hopes of more unto his Successors The Lombardian Kings of Italie 1 Alboâ—us 6. 2 Clephes 1 Interregnum annorum 11. 3 Antharis 7. 4 Agilulfus 25. 5 Adoaldus 10. 6 Arioaldus 11. 7 Richaris or Rotharis 8 Radoaldus 5. 9 Aribertns 9. 10 Gundibertus 1. 11 Grimoaldus 9. 12 Garibaldus mens 3. 13 Partarithus 18. 14 Cunibertus 12. 15 Luithertus 1. 16 Rainbertus 1. 17 Aribertus II. 12. 18 Asprandus mens 3. 19 Luit prandus 21. 20 Hildebrandus m. 6. 21 Rachisiâ—s 6. 22 Astulphus 6. 23 Desiderius the last King of the Lombards of whom more anon In the mean time we will look into the story of some of the former Kings in which we find some things deserving our confidetation And first beginning with Alboinus the first of this Catalogue before his comming into Italie he had waged war with Câ—nimundus a King of the Gepida whom he overthrew and made a drinking cup of his Skull Rosumund daughter of this King he took to Wife and being one day merry at Verona forced her to drink out of that detested Cup which she so stomacked that she promised one Helmichild if he would aid her in killing the King to give him both her self and the Kingdom of Lombardy This when he had consented to and performed accordingly they were both so extremely hated for it that they were fain to fly to Ravenna and put themselves into the protection of Longinas the Exarch Who partly out of a desire to enjoy the Lady partly to be possessed of that mass of Treasure which she was sayd to bring with her but principally hoping by her power and party there to raise a beneficiall War against the Lombards perswaded her to dispatch Helmichilde out of the way and take him for her husband to which she willingly agreed Helmichilde comming out of a Bath called for Beer and she gives him a strong poyson half of which when he had drunk and found by the strange operation of it how the matter went he compelled her to drink the rest so both died together 2 Clephes the 2 d King extended the Kingdom of the Lombards to the Gates of Rome but was so tyrannical withall that after his death they resolved to admit of no more Kings distributing the Government among 30 Dukes Which division though it held not above 12 years was the chief cause that the Lombards failed of being the absolute Lords of all Italy For the people having once cast off the yoak of obedience and tasted somewhat of the sweetness of licentious Freedom were never after so reduced to their former duty as to be aiding to their Kings in such Atchievements as tended more unto the greatness of the King than the gain of the subject 3 Cunibert the 14 King was a great lover of the Clergy and by them as lovingly requited For being to encounter with Alachis the Duke of Trent who rebelled against him one of the Clergy knowing that the Kings life was chiefly aimed at by the Rebels put on the Royal Robe and thrust himself into the head of the Enemy where he lost his own life but saved the Kings 4 Aripert the 17. King gave the Celtian lpes containing Piemont and some part of the Dutchy of Millain to the Church of Rome which is observed to be the first Temporall Estate that ever was conferred upon the Popes and the foundation of that greatnes which they after came to 5 The 19 King was Luitprandus who added to the Church the Cities of Ancona Narnia and Humana belonging to the Exarchate having first wonne Ravenna and the whole Exarchie thereof An. 741. the last Exarch being called Eutychus But the Lombards long enjoyed not his Conquests For Pepin King of France being by Pope Stephen the third sollicited to come into Italy overthrew Astulphus and gave Ravenna to the Church The last King was Desiderius who falling at odds with Adrian the first and besieging him in Rome was by Charles the great successor to Pepin besieged in Pavie and himself with all his children taken prisoners An. 774. and so ended the Kingdom of the Lombards having endured in Italie 206 years Lombardy was then made a Province of the French and after of the German Empire many of whose Emperours used to be crowned Kings of Lombardy by the Bishops of Millaine with an iron Crown which was kept at Modoecum now called Monza a small Village This Charles confirmed his Fathers former donations to the Church and added of his own accord Marca Anconitana and the Dukedom of Spoleto For these and other kindnesses Charles was by Pope Leo the fourth on Christmas day crowned Emperour of the West An. 801 whose Successors shall be reckoned when we come to the story of Germany At this division of the Empire Irene was Empress of the East to whom and her Successors was no more allotted than the Provinces of Apulia and Calabria and the East parts of the Realm of Naples being then in possession of the Greeks To the Popes were confirmed
Divine Providence by sending the birds called Gaives amongst them did not provide a remedy for so great a mischief The greatest defect hereof is the want of water which notwithstanding they have very rich pastures the people are conceived to be the simplest or most void of craft of any in Italie perhaps because they have so little commerce with their own Countrey-men and so much with Strangers The chief Towns are 1. Lecci Aletium in Latine a rich Town well built and very well peopled 2. Castro a Sea Town but not well fenced by art or nature which hath made it very often a prey to the Turks 3. Gallipolis a Town built on so craggy a Rock that it is conceived to be unconquerable 4. Brundusium the head Town of the Salentini once glorying in the most capacious Haven in all the World from whence there was continuall passage into Dalmatâ—a Epyrus Macedon and the rest of Greece Here was it that Pompey took ship to flie from Caesar and Caesar took shipping also to pursue after him when to incourage the Pilot who was afraid of the storm he cryed out Caesarum vehis fortunam ejus It was first built by the 〈◊〉 under the conduct of one Diomedes and called Brontesion which in the Mesapian Tongue siynifieth the horn or head of a Stag which it much resembleth from whence the Latines gave it the name of Brundusium At this day it is but a mean Town the Haven of it being so châ—ked that a Gally can very hardly enter 5. Hydruntum a very antient Town and yet still reasonably well peopled having a strong Castle upon a Rock for its defence and a capacious poâ—â— for Traffick It is now called Otranto and is still a place of such importance that the taking of it by Mahomet the great An. 14â—1 put all Italie into such a fear that Rome was quite abandoned not well inhabited again till the expulsion of the Turkâ— in the next year following 6 PUGLIA is bounded on the East with Terra di Otranto on the West with Abruzzo on the North with the Adriatick Sea on the South with Calabria It contains the whole Country called of old Apulia from whence the Puglia of the Italians and the Ponâ—lle of the French 〈◊〉 to be derived It is divided by Leander into Apulia Peucetia and Apulia Daunia the reason of which names I am unresolved of That of Peucetia some derive from Peucetius the Brother of Oenotrus which may be probable enough this being the first Country at which Oenotrus touched when he brought his people into Italie Bochartus a great Enemy to all Traditions will have it called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from that great plenty of Pitch which these Countries yeeld as that word â—ignifieth in the Greek But as for that of Daunâ—a I have yet found no more probable conjecture of it than that it should be called thus of Daunus the sonne of Danae by Pilumnus once the King of this Country it being reported in the Legends of those elder times that Danae being delivered of Perseus whom she had by Jupiter was by her Father the King Acrisius exposed to the mercy of the Seas by which she was wafted with her young sonne to the coasts of this Province here taken up by a poor Fisher and by him carried to the Court where the King became so enamoured of her that he took her to Wife and by her was Father to this Daunus But Daunus had not long enjoyed it on the death of his Father when either by force or composition he was fain to leave it to Diomedes King of Aetolia who at the end of the Troâ—an War wherein he was a principall Actor hearing of the libidinous courses of his Wife Aegâ—ale abhorred the thought of living with her and so came with his people to this Country where he fixt his dwelling and built the City of Argyripa whereof more anon But as for Daunus though he was not able to keep the possession of this Country yet he bequeathed his name unto it and afterwards withdrawing into Latium with such of his subjects as were willing to follow his Adventures he became there the chief or head of the Rutuli and built among them the Town of Ardea his chief seat at the comming of Aeneas into Italie betwixt whom and Turnus the sonne of this Daunus grew that deadly fewd so celebrated in the Works of Virgil. To proceed now in the description of this Province in the full latitude thereof it comprehended also the Salentini and other the inhabitants of the land of Otranto for by no other names than those of Apulia and Calabria was all the East part of Italie held by the Constantinopolitans and by those names was it transferred on Otho the third of Germany on his Mariage with Theophania as before is sayd But take it in the present bounds and acception of it and it containeth the three Provinces of Bari the Capitanate and Pouille the plain according to the subdivision made by King Alsonsus Pouille comprehending the greatest part of Apulia Daunia the rest thereof which is only the command of the Hill Garganus or the Mount St. Angelo being called the Capitanate and Bari comprehending all Peucetia The people both of this Province and the land of Otranto though in other things agreeing with the rest of this Kingdom have a disease peculiar only to themselves occasioned by the biting of a little Serpent whiah they call a Tarantula not curable There are in the whole besides the Villages and Towns unfortified 126 Castles or walled places and 13 Cities The principall of which are 1 Manfredonia built and fortified by Manfred the bastard King of Naples and Cicilie the better to assure these parts of his Kingdom a stately and magnificent City and the seat of the Arch-Bishop of Sipont having a very safe harbour for Ships and an impregnable Citadel for defence thereof 2 Barlette reckoned one of the 4 most noted Cities of Italie the other three being Crema in Lombardy Prato in Tuscany and Fabrianum now called Fabiano in Marca Anconitana 3 Bitontum an Arch-Bishops See one of which was a famous stickler in the Councill of Trent 4 Asculum or Ascoli the Title of a Duke called by the Antients Asculum Satrianum to difference it from another of the same name in Anconitana 5. Tranum an antient City better built than peopled for want of a commodious Haven 6. Bari a fair City well inhabited and seated in a very fruitfull soyl which gives name to one part of the Country as it is now divided Here stood in former times the poor Village of Cannae ignobilis Apuliae vicus as it is in Florus sed quae magnitudine cladis emersit but such a one as afterwards grew famous for the great victory which Annibal there got against Paulus Aemilius and Terentius Varro the Romon Consulls of whose Army he slew 42700. men upon the place Which Victory had he husbanded as he should have done he
place by reason of the fires which formerly have flamed so hideously especially in the yeer 1444. that it made not only the rest of these Ilands but all Sicilie tremble Neer unto this Isle was fought the first Navall fight betwixt Rome and Carthage Before which time the Romans had never used the Seas as being totally imployed in the conquest of Italie insomuch that when they had built their Gallies they were fain to exercise their men in rowing by placing them on two Seats neer the water with Oars in their hands Which notwithstanding having devised an Engine like a Grapling-hook they so fastened the Adverse Fleet unto them that the whole â—ight seemed a Land-battell fought upon the Sea The victory fell unto the Romans C. Duilins the Consul then commanding in Chief and was honoured with the first Navall Triumph that was ever solemnized at Rome After this Iland was once known to the Greeks they sent from all their chief Cities 〈◊〉 rall Colonies who planted in the Sea-coasts of the Country as before we noted But so as they never united themselves in a body together but had their severall estates and particular ends whereby they came to be divided into many factions and at last made themselves a prey to as many Tyrants Phalaris lording it at Agrigentum Panaetius at Leontium Gelon at Sâ—racuse Cleander at Gelae and when one Faction grew too weak to resist the other they called in severall Forein Nations to abet their quarrel For on this ground the Carthaginians were first called into Sicilie by the Messenians against the Agrigentines and on the same was managed here a great part of the Peloponnesian wars the Athenians siding with the Leontines and the Spartans with he Syracusans in which the whole power of Athens was broken by Sea and Land and their two Generals Nicias and Demosthenes murdered in prison But because Syracuse was a Citie of the greatest authority and of greatest influence over the rest of Sicilie we shall more punctually insist on the State and affairs thereof the government of which at first was popular as it was in most of the Greek Colonies according to the platforms which they brought from home and was but newly altered to the Aristocraticall when Gelon made himself King of it about 26 years after the expulsion of the Tarquins at Rome whom with as many as succeeded in the Royal dignity take along as followeth The Tyrants or Kings of Syracuse A. M. 3465. 1 Gelon the Prince or Lord of Gela taking advantage of the quarrels in Syracusa betwixt the Magistrates and people made himself Master of the Citie and was chosen King A valiant and prudent Prince by whom 150000 Carthaginians were slain in battle for their welcome into Sicil. 7. 3472 2 Hiero the brother of Gelon a valiant King also but a rude and covetous man whereby he lost the love of his people 11 3484 3 Thrasibulus brother of Hiero whose Government proved so cruell and unsupportable that he held it not above 10 moneths who being forced into Exile by the Syracusans the people did a while enjoy their libertie but withall fell into those Factions which after 60 years made them lose it again 3544 4 Dionysius that so famous Tyrant from being Generall of the Forces of the Syracusans made himself their King A man of great vices but great vertues withall He brought almost all Sicilie under his obedience and the Town of Rhegium in Italy reigning in all 38 years 3582 2 Dionysius II. succeeding his Father in his Kingdom and vices but not in valour or wisdom was first outed by Dion a noble Gentleman of Syracuse and afterward taken Prisoner by Timoleon of Corinth to which Citie he was sent and there dyed in exile 3635 6 Agathocles by trade a Potter after that a Souldier 20 years after the death of Timoleon made himself King of Syracusa To draw the Carthaginans out of Sicil he passed over into Africk and besieged Carthage which example Scipio after followed but with better fortune 29. 3681 7 Hieron II. of a Commander of their Armies chosen King of Syracuse by a party which he had made amongst them In his time brake out the first Punick War the Romans being called in by the Mamertones who held Messana against the Carthaginians the Lords at that time of the greatest part of the Iland 56. 3737 8 Hieronymus the sonne of Hiero after whose death Syracuse and all Sicil became subject to Rome by the fortunate conduct of Marcellus Of these eight Kings the six first commonly pass under the name of Tyrants from whence and from some others of like disposition who Lorded it over the rest of the Free Cities of Sicil the name of Siculi Tyranni grew into a Proverb But of all none more hated than the two Dionisii who were so odious that there were continuall execrations poured on them only one old woman praying for the life of the later Who being asked the cause made answer that she knew his Father to have been a monstrous and wicked Tyrant on whom when the curses of the people had prevailed and obtained his death this his son succeded worse by far than he for whose life she was resolved to pray lest after his death the devill himself should come amongst them But to proceed after these Tyrants as they called them were rooted out and the Iland was conquered by Marcellus it alwaies followed the fortune of the Roman Empire till in the partition of that Empire it fell together with Apulia and Calabria into the power of the Greeks In the declining of whose greatness this Iland having been miserably pilled and spoyled by the Emperor Constans An. 669. became a prey to the Saracens from then recovered again by the help of the Normans who held both this and the Realm of Naples in Fee of the Church under the title of Kings of both Sicils From that time forwards it ran the fortune of that Kingdom subject unto the Princes of the Norman and German lines till the death of Conrade no interruption intervening After whose death when Munfroy or Manfrede the base sonne of the Emperor Frederick and Brother of Conrade had forcibly made himself King of these Countries it was offered to Richard Earl of Cornwall Brother to Henry the third of England a Prince of such riches that he was able to dispend an hundred Marks perdiem for ten years together which according to the Standard of those times was no small sum But the conditions which the Pope ptoposed were so impossible for the Earl to perform that his Agent told him he might as well say to his Master I will give thee the Moon climb up catch and take it The Earl refusing it it was offered the King for his second sonne Edmund who was invested by the gift of a Ring and money coyned in his name by the Popes appointment with the inscription of Almundus Rex Siciliae But the King not being able to pursue the business
no following Plantations from other Couutries were ever able to alter it Some Companies of Attica led by Iolaus came and setled here where they built Olbion and Agryllis leaving a memory of Iolaus their Captain in some places which remained in the time of Pausanias called Iolaia and taking to themselves for his sake the name of Iolatonses And after the destruction of Troy some of that scattered Nation came and planted in some voyd parts of the Iland kept to themselves the name of Ilienses and by that name are mentioned both by Plinie and Livie But neither of these Nations did attempt the change of the name because not of ability to suppress or out-power the Natives Nor could the Carthaginians do it though a more puissant Nation than the former were and such as by the neerness of their habitation Sardinia being distant but 160 miles from Africk had all advantags to make as at last they did a full Conquest of it building therein the Cities of Charmis Chalaris and â—ulchi and holding it untill it was unjustly extorted from them by the Romans at the end of the first Punick War at what time Carthage was in danger to be ruined by the revolt of her own Mercenaries and so not able to resist But of the name and first Plantations of this Iland we have said enough Let us now look upon the place in which it is reported that there is neither Wolf nor Serpent neither venomous nor hurtfull Beast but the Fox onely and a little Creature like a Spider which will by no means endure the light of the Sun except held by violence Some Pooles it hath and those very plentifull of Fish but generally so destitute of River-water that they are fain to keep the rain which falls in Winter for their use in Summer By means whereof and for that there is no passage for the Northern Winds being obstructed by the high Mountains near Cape Lugudoni the Air is generally unhealthy if not pestilentiall Insomuch that Tally writing to his Brother Quintus being then in this Iland adviseth him to remember as in point of health that he was in Sardinia and speaking of Tigellius a Sardinian born saith of him that he was more pestllent than the Country which bred him The soyl is very fertile in respect of Corsica but barren if compared with Sicil which yet may rather be imputed to the want of good manuring in the Husbandman than any naturall defect in the soyl it self Well stored with all sorts of Cattel as appears plainly by that plenty of Cheefe and Hides which are sent hence yearly into Italy and other places The Horses hereof hot head-strong and hard to be broken but will last long The Bullocks naturally amble so that the Countrey-man rideth them as familiarly as they do in Spain on Mules and Asses Here is also the Bâ—ast called Mufâ—ones or Muscriones found in Corsica also but in no other part of Europe somewhat resembling a Stag but of so strong an hide that it is used by the Italians in stead of Armour Of the skins of which carried to Cordova in Spain and there dressed is made the right Cordovan Leather Finally here is an Herb of which if one eat it is sayd that he will dye with laughter Whence came the Proverb Risus Sardonicus The truth of which report I shall not dispute though it be by others more prebably conjectured that the Herb being of a poysonous nature causeth men to dy with such a Convulsion or attraction of Sinews that they seem to grin or laugh at the time of their death The people are small of stature of complexion inclining unto swarthiness and that either by reason of the heat of the Sun or more probably from their African extraction their behaviour much participating of that people also So slothfull in the times of the Romans that they were grown into a Proverb and a Law made to compell them to work but now esteemed a very painfull and laborious Nation Much given to hunting and so prone to Rebellion that the Spaniard permitteth no Cutler to live among them yet peaceable amongst themselves and in some measure courteous unto Strangers also Their language a corrupt Catalonian their diet on meats common and gross their apparell in the Towns especially that of the women gorgeous in the Villages sordid In matters of Religion they are little curious That which they make most shew of is according to the Rites and Doctrines of the Church of Rome which both their neighbourhood to the Pope and their subjection to the Spaniard have imposed upon them But in their practise of it they are loose enough going to Mass on Sundays and Saints days which done they fall to dancing in the middest of the Church singing in the mean times songs too immodest for an Ale-house Nay it is thought that their Clergy it self is the most rude ignorant and illiterate of any people in Christendom saying their Masses rather by rote than reason and utterly unable to give any accompt of their Religion It is divided commonly into two parts viz. Cape Lugudore towards Corsica and Cape Cagliari towards Africk the first the least and withall mountainous and barren the last the larger levell and by much more frutifull Chief Cities of the whole 1. Calaris first built by the Carthaginians and situate in that point of the Iland which lieth neerest to Africk which from hence took the name of Cape Cagliari by which it is at this day called A City of such fame when it was first taken by Gracchus for the use of the Romans that it is called by Florus Urbs Urbium and was destroyed by the said Gracchus the better to disable the Natives from rebelling against the Conquerors Being new built again in more setled times it was a second time destroyed by the Saracens and finally re-built and beautified by the Pisans at such time as they were Masters of this part of the Iland Very well fortified by Nature as seated on the top of an hill and hath under it a spacious and goodly Haven much frequented by Merchants The Town if self adorned with a beautifull Temple being the See of an Arch-bishop many fair Turrets and the constant residence of the Vice-Roy from whose authority it is exempt by especiall privilege as to the legall Government of it and ordered by a Common Councell of its own Citizens 2. Bossa on the West side of the Iland another Arch-episcopall See 3. S. Reparata on the North looking towards Corsica 4. Aquilastro on the Western shores 5. Sassari a Town of consequence where they have an Aqueduct twelve miles long reaching from thence unto S. Gaivius 6. Alghes-Bosa a good Town situate in a wholesome air and a fertile soyl and having a fair Haven of six miles in length in which the ships of Genoa and Catalonia do most commonly ride 7. Orestagne a large Town but very ill peopled by reason of a bad air which proceeds from the Fens
〈◊〉 how litle he is able to do by Sea may be best seen out of the aid which he sent to the Venetians at the famous Battell of Lepanto wherein he furnished them with no more than twelve Gallies and those too hired of the Duke of Florence The Venetians in the Adriatick and the Florentines in the Tuscan Seas having all the Trade and consequently all the power in the seas of Italie 'T is true the Pope was bound by the capitulation to bear the fift part of the charge of the war and with the help of the rest of the Princes of Italie who were to march under his colours to set forth 50000 Foot and 4500 Horse which is as great an Argument of his riches and power by land as the other is of his weakness at sea Having a purpose in the prosecution of this Work to mention such particular Orders of Knighthood as most Countries have given beginning to I will here set down the Orders of such Popish Spirituall Knights or Friers which his holy benediction hath erected and â—at allowance doth maintain And for our better proceeding we will begin with the originall of a Monasticall life and then we will make speciall mention of some of the Romish Votaries of both sexes Know then that under the seventh Persecution raised against the Church by Decius one Paulus born at Thebes in Egypt retired to a private cave under the foot of a Rock An o 260. Here he is sayd to have lived one hundred years and to have been seen of no man but one Anthony who was at his death This Anthony was the first that followed the example of Paulus a man of a noble house and one that sold all his estate that he might the more privately injoy himself He lived an hundred and fifty years and is called the Father of the Monks To these beginnings doth Polydore Virgil refer the originall of the Monks and religious orders the name Monk comming from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of their lonely and solitary lives Those of the religious orders are called Fratres and in English Friers from the French word Frere which signifieth a Brother and that either because of their brotherly cohabitation or else because they are Fratres in malo brethren in mischief and design The foundation of Monasticall life thus layd by Paulus and Anthony the world increased so fast in Monks and Eremites that it seemed necessary to prescribe them orders Hereupon Saint Basil gathered them together living formerly dispersed and is said to be the first that built them Monasteries He is also said to have ordained the three Vows of Poverty Chastity and Obedience to have instructed them in good Arts true Religion and in the service of God with Hymns Prayers and Watching Of this order there are not many in the Latin Church but good plenty of them in the Greek They are bound to abstain from all kind of flesh and are called Monks of S. Basil by the name of that Father amongst the Writings of which Father the Rules for these Monastickâ— are set down at large 2 The next who prescribed Orders was S. Augustine born in the year 350 who being thirty years of age is said to have obtained a Garden without the walls of Hippo for private contemplations Twelve only he assumed into his society living with them in all integrity and wearing a leathern Girdle to distinguish them from Monks Hence came the present Austin Friers or the Eremites of S. Austin as others call them Of such esteem formerly in the Universitie of Oxford that all who took the degree of a Master of Arts were to submit themselves to their Oppositions in the publick Schools and receive approbation from them from whence the form in Augustinensibus responderit vel opposuerit still retained among them There house in London stood in Broadstreat of which a part of the Church still standeth converted to a Church for the use of the Dutch the rest demolished and in the place thereof a stately Mansion erected by Sir William Pawlet the first Marquess of Winchester and Lord Treasurer of England These make the first order of the Friers Mendicants The first Monastery of them was erected at Paris by William Duke of Guien An o 1155 and An o 1200 they began to flourish in Italie by the favour of John Lord of Mantua The other branches of this Tree are 1 the Monks of S. Hierom 2 the Carmelites 3 the Crouched Friers and 4 the Dominicans 1 The Monks of Saint Hierom challenge their originall from the worthy Father of the Church so called They flourish especially in Spain where there are thirty two Monasteries of them their chief House being Saint Bartholomews of Lupiena and have taken unto themselves the Rule of Saint Austin Their Robe is a white Cassock under a tawney Cloak 2 The Carmelites so called from Mount Carmel in Syria pretend their original from Elias and John the Baptist They onely allowed at first the rule of S. Basil and were confirmed in Europe by Honorius the third They are by some called Jacobines from a Church dedicated to Saint Iames where they had their first Convent and by us the White Friers from the colour of their habit Their house in London stood in Fleetstreet converted since into a dwelling of the Earls of Kent besides other Tenements Their Rule was afterwards corrected according to the Rule of Saint Austin by Donna Eresba or Teresa a Spanish woman who made them also certain Constitutions confirmed by Pius the fourth An o 1565. 3 The Friers of S. Crosse Crossed or Crouched Friers were first ordained by â—â—riacus Bishop of Hierusalem who shewed to Helena the place where the Cross was hidden hence this Order which being almost decayed was restored first by Urban the second and afterwards by Innocent the third under the rule of Saint Austin Their Robe is Watchat and in their hands they carry the figure of the Cross Their house in London near the Tower still retains its name 4 The Dominioans or Friers Preachers were instituted by Saint Dominik a Spaniard He puts himself in this Order with sixteen of his Disciples under the Rule of Saint Austin An o 1206 and had his device confirmed by Honorius the third Their duty is to preach the Gospell in all places unto the farthest parts of the world which both they did and their successors since have done not at home only but in India and America with great zeal and diligence They are call'd by us Black Friers from the colour of their habits and are the 3. Order of Friers Mendicans Their house in London stood neer Ludgate and took up the whole Precinct which is still called Black-Friers though nothing be remaining of it but the very name 3 The third that prescribed Orders was S. Benedict born at Nursia in the Dutchy of Spoleto An o 472. He gathered the Monks of Italie together gave them a Rule in writing caused them to
quod Gibellinus es cum Gibellinis morieris Of chief note next unto Sienna are 1 Montalcino Mons Alcinus in Latin a place of great strength both by industry and situation 2 Castro Cartaldo seated upon a lofty Hill most memorable for the Birth and Sepulchre of John Boccace one of the best wits of his time as his Decameron declareth buried here with a sorry and unworthy Epitaph not worth the labour of transcribing 3 Soana an Episcopall City as also are 4 Pienza 5 Crossetto and 6 Chiusi this last the Clusium of the antient Tuscans spoken of befoee Besides these there are 26 walled Towns within this Signeury but of no great observation in the course of business There belonged also unto this Commonwealth when a State distinct some Ports and Peeces on the Sea which when it was consigned over to the Duke of Florence were retained by the Spaniard partly thereby to keep those Princes at his devotion but principally that by holding so many places of importance in his own hands he might carry at his Girdle the Keys of Italie and become Lord Paramont of those Seas Of those the principall if not all 1 Piombino in Latin called Plumbinum from some Mines of Lead adorned with a strong Castle and a plentifull Territorie the Castle in the hands of the Spaniard but the Town and Territory in possession of a Lord of its own who receives the whole rents of the Estate 2 Port Telamon Eastward of Piombino so called of old from Telamon an adjoyning Promontorie and known by this name in Plutarch in the life of Marius 3 Orbitello drawing more towards the East the Cossa of the antient Writers 4 Monte Argentorati a Promontorie or â—eninsula thrusting it self into the Sea over against Orbitello by the Latines called Mons Argentarius and thought by some who have observed the situation strength and extent thereof to be the fittest place for a Royall City to be built in to command those Seas 5 Port Hercule which still retains its antient name imparted to it from some Temple of Hercules which was founded in it situate neer the Eastern Isthmus of the said Peninsula 6 Porto-Longone a peece of speciall consequence for command of the Mediterranean and for that cause of late times gotten by the French then aiming at the conquest of Naples but again recovered by the Spaniard who doth now possess it The fourth and last member of this Estate are the Ilands in the Tuscan or Tyrrhenian Seas The principall whereof is 1 Ilva not above ten miles from Plombino called antiently Aethalia by the vulgar Elba Plinie affirmed it to contain in compass a hundred miles but it proves upon a just ameasurement to be but fifty not very well furnished with Corn and less with fruits but plentifull in Mines of Iron as formerly for Steel and Copper for which especially for Steel of great esteem in the time of Virgil as appeareth by that passage in the 10 th of the Aeneids where it is called Insula inexhaustis Chalybum genero sa metallis A noble Isle and known full well For unexhausted Mines of Steel But for all that the Steel now failing the want thereof is supplyed by Iron which Iron is of so strange a nature that every 25 years it renueth again upon the Mines and will by no means melt whilst it is in the Iland but must be carried somewhere else It affordeth also Sulphur Allom Tin Lead Marble good plenty and in some parts Loadstone also Formerly it belonged to the Lords of Polmbino who not being able to defend it against the Turks if they should at any time invade it resigned it by the Counsell of Charles the fift unto Cosmo di Medices the Duke of Florence reserving to themselves the Revenues of it and the Government of all the Towns and Villages therein except those that were thought fit for Fortification It hath a very fair haven called Porto Ferrario capable to receive any great Fleet that should come thither and therefore if the Turks or Moores had been Masters of it they might easily have commanded all the coasts adjoyuing as well in Provence as Italie For the defence hereof there are two strong Castles situate on two little Mountains on each side one so fortified by Art and Nature that they are held to be impregnable having also good store of Cannon and all sorts of Warlike Ammunition And not far off stands a strong Town built by the same Duke Cosmo and by him called Cosmopolis well fortified and made the seat of his new Order of St. Stephen of which more hereafter The second Iland of note is Giglio called Iglium antiently just oppofite to Monte Argentorato and having some 25 miles in compass neer unto which the Genoese so discomfited the Pisans in a Fight at sea that they were never able to recover their former puissance 3 Capraria not far from Ligorn so called from its abundance of Goats and for the same reason Aegilora by the Greek Geographers as 4 Gallinaria not far off took name from abundance of Hens Of the rest nothing memorable but that some of them do occur in the antient Writers of which sort are Meloria heretofore Lanellum not far from Capraria 2 Lanusi formerly Artemisia in which there is a very good Haven 3 Gorgona 4 Troia and 5 the small Ilands which are called Formicae 6 To these we may adde also the Isle of Planasia more memorable than the rest for the banishment and death of Agrippa Posthumus the Nephew of Augustus Caesar by his daughter Julia here murdered by the command of Tiberius to prevent all future competition to the State Imperiall situate somewhat nearer unto Corsica than the rest of these Ilands As for the MEDICES whose Posterity are now Dukes hereof they were in the Free-state as Machiavil informs us in his Florentine History accounted in the chief rank of the Popular Nobility those being such of the antient Nobles as to be capabie of the Magistracie and publick Offices then wholly shared among the Commons had as it were degraded themselves and became part of the Commonalty About the year 1410 John de Medices the first great raiser of this house stoutly maintaining the Liberties of the people against the great ones was by them so honoured and enriched that he not only got a great party but almost a Soveraignty in the City To him succeeded his sonne Cosmo one of the greatest Statesmen of those times who did not only much reform the civill Government but enlarged the Territory of the State by the addition of Casentino Burgo St. Sepulckro and some other peeces Dying in the year 1464 he left the managery of the State to Peter de Medices his sonne whose whole time was consumed in suppressing such Factions as had at home been raised against him and at his death left all his power and the great wealth which he had gotten but with a greater measure of his Fathers vertues to Lawrence and Julian
about 56 years when Otho surnamed Visconti quasi bis Comes because he was Lord of Millain and Angerona assumed the title to himself and setled it upon that Family after his decease but so that for the most part they were under the command of the German Emperors and to them accomptable Galeaz the first so called as some write because the Cocks crowed more than ordinarily at the time of his birth added to the Estate hereof the Cities of Crema and Cremona In the person of John Galeazo it was advanced unto a Dukedom by the Emperor Wenceslaus for 100000 Crowns in ready money which John increased so mightily in wealth and power that he had 29 Cities under his command and dyed as he was going to Florence to be crowned King of Tuscany To him succeeded John Maria and after him his brother Philip who in his life had maried his only daughter but illegitimate to Francisco Sforza the best Commander of his times and at his death appointed Alfonso of Aragon King of Naples for his heir and successor Before Alfonso could take any benefit of this designation Sforza was quietly possessed both of the City and the loves of the people This Francis Sforze I must needs crave leave to tell this story was the sonne of James Altenduto a plain Country man who going to his labour with his Ax in his hand whilst a great Army was passing by him compared the misery and unpleasingness of his present condition with those fair possibilities which a martiall life did present uuto him And being in a great dispute with in himself what were best to do he presently fell upon a resolution of putting the question to the determination of the Heavenly Providence by casting his Ax unto the top of the tree next to him conditioning with himself that if the Ax came down again he would contentedly apply himself to his wonted labour but if it hung upon the boughs he would betake himself unto higher hopes and follow the Army then in passage He did so the Ax hung upon the boughs he went after the Army and thrived so well in that imployment that he became one of the best Captains of his time surnamed de Cotoniogla from the place of his dwelling and Sforza from the greatness of his noble courage By Antonia the daughter of Francis di Casalis the Lord of Cortona he was the father of this Francis Sforze whom now we speak of who was so fortunate a Commander in the wars of Italy that to oblige him to his party Philip the Duke of Millain bestowed his daughter upon him and thereby a fair title to this great Estate which he successively obtained against all pretenders In his line it continued till the coming of Lewis the 12 of France the sonne of Charles and nephew of Lewis Dukes of Orleans by Valentine the sole daughter of John Galeaze the first Duke who getting Duke Lodowick Sforze betrayed by the Switzers into his hands carryed him prisoner into France and possessed himself of the estate Outed not long after by the confederate Princes of Italy who were jealous of so great a neighbor he left the cause and quarrel unto Francis the first his next successor in that Kingdom in pursuance whereof it is sayd by Bellay a French Writer that the use of Muskets was first known But Francis being in conclusion taken at the battell of Pavie and carryed prisoner into Spain for his release was forced to release all claim unto this estate A release long before endeavouced by some French Politicians because the pretensions hereunto had brought such damage to that Crown and no less eagerly opposed by Chancellor Prat on the same reason that Scipio Nasica did oppose the destruction of Carthage that is to say because it did not only keep the French Nation in continual discipline of War but served for a purgation of idle and superfluous people yet notwithstanding this release Francis renewed the War again and laid siege to Millain then under the command of Antonio di Leva and a Spanish Garrison during vvhich vvar the vvretched Millanese endured the vvorst of miseries For first the Governour under colour of providing pay for his souldiers got all the victuals of the town into the Castle to be sold again at his ovvn price vvhich many of the poorer sort not able to pay perished of famin in the streets And on the other side his souldiers which were quartered in most parts of the City used when they wanted mony to chain up their Hosts and then to put them to a ransom Such as upon this barbarous usuage fled out of the City had their Goods confiscate on which there followed such a disconsolate desolation that the chief streets were over-grown with netles and brambles In this miserable estate it continued till Charles the Emperor having totally driven out the French restored it to Francis Sforze brother to the last Duke Maximilian and sonne of that Ludowick who to advance himself unto this Estate had most improvidently taught the French the way into Italy But this Francis dying without issue and the house of the Sforze failing in him the Emperor entred on the Dukedom as right Lord thereof and left the same to his successors in the Realm of Spain This said we will sum up the whole story of this Estate in the ensuing Catalogue of The Lords and Dukes of Millain 1277 1 Otho Arch-bishop of Millain 1295 2 Matthew Brothers sonne to Otho confirmed in his command of Millain by Albertus the Emperor 1322 3 Galeaze Visconti sonne of Matthew disseized of his command by Lewis of Bavaria Emperor 1329 4 Actio Visconti sonne of Galeazo confirmed in his Fathers power by the same Lewis the Emperor 1339 5 Luchino Visconti brother to Galeaze 1349 6 John Visconti the brother of Luchino 1354 7 Galeaze II. sonne of Stephen the brother of John 1378 8 John Galeaze sonne of the first Galeaze created by the Emperor Wenceslaus the first Duke of Millain An. 1395. 1402 9 John Maria sonne of John Galeaze slain by the people for his horrible tyrannies 1412 10 Philip Maria the last of the Visconti which commanded in Millain a Prince of great power in swaying the affairs of Italie He died An o 1446 the Millanese for some years resuming their former liberty 1446 11 Francis Sforze in right of his wife Blanch the base daughter of Philip seconded by the power of the sword admitted Duke by the generall consent of the people of Millain one of the Knights of the noble Order of the Garter 1461 12 Galeaze Sforze a valiant but libidinous Prince cruelly murdered by his own Subjects 1477 13 John Galeaze Sforze privately made away as it was supposed by his Uncle Lodowick 1494 14 Lodowick Sforze who to secure himself of his ill-got Dukedom drew the French into Italic 1501 15 Lewis the 12 of France sonne unto Lewis Duke of Orleans and Valentina daughter to the first Duke of Millaine vanquished Ludowick
Roman Emâ—ire or that of the Sultans under the Mahometan Caliphs and the Vice-Roys of the old Egyptian Pharaohs An office which had been born by the Ancestors of this Martel ever since the reign of Clotaire the second in whose time the Palatine or Mayre was one Arnulphus descended lineally from Vâ—ilo the second Sonne of Adalgerio the first King of the Boiarians or Bavarians Which Vtilo being a military Prince and having done good service to Theodorick the first King of Austrasia or Mets against the Danes then grievously infesting the Coasts of the Lower-Germany was by him made Warden of those Marches and honoured with the mariage of his Daughter Clotilde and liberally endowed with fair possessions in this tract The fourth from Vtilo was this Arunlph the first Mayre of this house which Office having long enjoyed he resigned it to Ansegisus his eldest Sonne the first who drew unto himself the Managery of the whole Estate and bidding farewell to the affairs of the World became a Priest and dyed a Bishop of Mets Anno 641. Afterwards Canonized a Saint Ansegisus dying in the year 679. left his authority and Office to his Nephew Martin Sonne of Ferdulphus his younger Brother But he being slain by Ebroinus one of the Competitors who a while enjoyed it Pepin surnamed the Pat Sonne of Ansegisus revenging his Cozins death upon Ebronius and crushing all the opposite factions which were raised against him obtained that honour for himself And having much advanced the affairs of France by the conquest of the Sueves and Frisons died in the year 714. Succeeded to in this great Office after his decease for Grimold his only lawfull Sonne and Theobalaus the Sonne of Grimold whom he had successively substituted in the same died not long before him by Charles his natural Son begotten on Albieda his Concubine from his martiall prowess called Martel Who in his time did to the Kings of France great service especially in routing that vast Army of the Moores and Saracens in the battel of â—ours before mentioned thereby not only freeing France from the present danger but adding Languedâ—c to the Crown formerly in possession of the Gothes and Moores for which he was created Duke or Prince of the French yet would he not usurp the Kingdom or the title of King though both at his disposall wholly it being his ordinary Saying that he had rather Rule a King than be one To him succeeded Caroloman his eldest Sonne Anno 741. who held the office but a year and then left it to his Brother Pepin Who being of less moderation than his Father was made such use of his power that partly by that means and partly under colour of an election confirmed by Pope Zacharie the first he took the Kingdom to himself and the unfortunate King Chilperick had his powle shaven and was thrust into a Monasterie For this investiture both Pepin and Charles his Son did many good services for the Popes destroying on their quarrel the Kingdom of the Lombaerds and giving them most of the Lands which formerly belonged unto the Exrohs of Ravenna And on the other side the Popes to requite these curtesies confirm'd the former in this Kingdom by their Papal Power which then began to bear some sway in the Christian World and gave the last besides the opportunity of attaining the Western Empire the Title of Most Christian King continued ever since unto his Successors And to say truth he well deserved those honours and had they been farr greater by many victories obtained against the Enemies of rhe Gospel the several Heathens by his means converted to the Faith of Christ the great abilities he had of estate and judgement inabling him to support the Majestie of the Roman Empire For he not only was sole Monarch of the Kingdom of France not parcelled out as formerly and in times succeeding into several petit Kingdoms and Principalities but had added thereunto by his own proper vertue the greatest part of Italie the best part of Germany all Belgium the two Pannonia's and a great part of Spain But this vast Empier falling into weak hands which were not able enough to manage it decaied in as little time as it was in raising partly by the unnaturall Ambition of the Sonnes of King Lewis the Godly the next Successor of this Charles who to make themselves all Kings first deposed their Father and then divided his Estate amongst them into the Kingdoms of Italy Burgundy France Lorrain and Germany four of which falling at last into the hands of strangers ceased to be French and passed into such Famlies as proved the greatest enemies of the Crown of France partly by alienating the best and goodliest Provinces of France it self never again united till these later dayes which made the French Kings less considerable both at home and abroad which we have touched upon before and partly by the weakness and unworthiness of the Kings of this race there being no question to be made but Lewis the Stammering Charles the Balâ— the Gross and the Simple would have found better Attributes if they had deserved them For by this means the issue of this brave Prince grew so despicable in the eys of their Subjects that first Eudes the Sonne of Robert Duke of Anjou and after Rodolph Duke of Burgundy the Vncle of Eudes both of the race of Witikindus the last Prince of the Saxons and consequently both Aliens to the House of Charles possessed themselves severally of the Kingdom And though they did not hold it long being depressed and overborn by their opposite factions yet did they lay a fair ground for Hugh Capet to build his hopes on Who being Sonne of Hugh the Great Constable of France and Earl of Paris the Sonne of Robert Duke of Anjou younger Brother of Eudes and neer kinsman of Rodolphe never left practising his party in the Realm of France till he had got possession of the Regall Diadem wherewith two Princes of his house had been invested formerly by the like Elections But for the Kings of this second Race founded by two brave Princes but on the unjust grounds of an usurpation they are these that follow The second race of the Kings of France of the Carolovinian or Boiarian Line A. Ch. 151. 1 Pepin the Sonne of Charles Martel succeeded in the Office of Mayre Anno 742 and having got the Regal Crown vanquished the Lombards made the Boiarians tributarie and crushed the Saxons 18. 769. 2 Charles surnamed the Great the Sonne of Pepin subdued the Kingdoms of the Lombards and Saxons conquered the Boiarians and Avares and vanquished the Saracens of Spain Crowned Emperour of the West upon Christmas day by Pope Leo the third Anno 800 46. 815. 3 Lewis the Godly Sonne of Charles King of France and Emperour the last sole Monarch of the French deposed by his ambitious and unnaturall Sonnes the Empire of the French after his decease being divided into the Kingdoms of Italie Bâ—rgundie Germanie
to make more haste that he might the sooner be out of his pain but he half in choler replyed 〈…〉 would not los the lâ—ast step of his pace for all the whipping in Paris For indeed their gate is Gennet-Wise very stately and majestical Of temperature they are hot and dry which makes them very much given to women and yet not very able for Generation And this strong inclination unto women which they find in themselves makes them so jealous of their Wives that they permit them not to walk abroad but when they go to Church and then too veiled and so hooded one can hardly see them and not that neither but attended with their Damosels and some trusty she-friend that is to give an Accompt of them at their coming back Mendoza an Ambassadour from Spain in Queen Elizabetâ—s time used to find fault with the promiscuous sitting of men and women in the Church used here in England accounting it to be a great incentive unto lasciviousness To whom Doctor Dale one of the Masters of the Requests is said to have replied that indeed in Spain where the people even in the time of Divine Service could not abstain from impure thoughts and unclean gestures that mingled kind of sitting was not so allowable but the English were of another temper and did not find any inconvenience in it And it is possible this humour of jealousie might be derived on them from the Moores who in the strict guarding of their women were the Spaniards Tutors it being death in Barbarie to this very day for any man to see one of the Xâ—riffes Concubines and for them too if when they see a man though but thorow a casement they doe not presentlyâ—ry out A renzie which much rageth in most Southern people but not predominant in the Nortâ—ern who doe not only suffer their Wives to sit with other men in the Church but even in the open and common Bathes also two things which a true Spaniard would rather die an hundred deaths than give consent to But though the women are not permitted to stirre abroad the men take liberty enough and are as good smel-feasts as in any Country it being observed of them by a very good Writer that howsoever in their own houses they are temperate and content with little yet when they go unto a Feast they are as gluttonous daintie and desirous to make good cheer as any people whatsoever But not to conceal their vertues and make our selves merry at their follies wherein all other Nations have a share with them they are questionless a people very grave in their cariages in offices of Pietie very devout and to their King very obedient whose greatness they affect more cordially than any subjects in the world exact in doing justice upon all Offenders which commonly they administer without partiality indulgent unto one another and of their duties to their betters not unmindfull But that which deserveth the greatest commendation in them is an unwearied patience in suffering adversities accompanied with a resolution to over-come them A noble quality of the which in their Indian Discoveries they shewed excellent proofes and received as glorious rewards In reference to the French it is said that the French are wiser than they seem and the Spaniards seem wiser than they are wherein they agree with many particular men of other Nations who according to that of the Philosopher Sapienteâ— potius cupâ—unt videri non 〈◊〉 quam esse non videri In matters of war the Spaniards are observed to be generally too heavie slow and dull the French too headie and precipitate the one losing as many fair occasions by delayes as the other overthroweth by too much haste but between them both they make one good souldier who according to the present opportunities is to make use of the spurre of courage of the bit of respect The Women are sober loving their husbands or friends wonderfull delicate curious in painting or perâ—uming and though they have Wine in abundance yet are they not permitted to drink it verifying therein the old English Proverb that none are worse shod than the shoomakers wifâ— Herein in worâ—e condition than the Women of France who though they are restrained from Wine before their mariage yet after that they take what liberty they list and are no more restrained from it than the other sex But this is the least liberty which the French Women have above the Spâ—â—ish these being so watched and overlooked that it is hardly possible for them to hold speech with any man in business of most importance and much less in matters of civilities only those having liberty to be courted at all times and places even in the presence of their husbands without any distrust or interruâ—tion Heretofore they were wonderous strong and beyond belief patient of the throwes of Childbed Strabo relating how one of these women being hired for harvest work and finding her travel come upon her because she would not lose her dayes wages withdrew herself into a bush where being eased of her burden she returned from one labour to another And many of them at this day use not to keep their Chambers above three dayes after their delivery and then apply themselves to their household business without either danger or delay The language is not the same in all places though all called the Spanish In Portugall Catalogne and some parts of Valentia it hath a great mixture of the French who in these parts have had much trade and negotiation In Granada and some parts of Aâ—dalâ—zia it partakes much of the Moâ—â—e and in the mountains of Alpuxarras the Arabick or â—â—oâ—rish language still remains in use The Countries bordering on the Pyrâ—nees and Cantabrian Ocean but Biscay specially have much in them of the Language of the ancient Spaniards before made subject to the Romans That which is common to them all is the vulgar Spanish or Castilian and hath much affinity with the Latin Breeâ—wood in his Enquiries reporting that he hath seen a letter every word whereof was both good Latin and good Spanish Merula Shewes a Copy of the like pag. 300. By reason of which consonancy with the Latin the Spaniards call their language Romance The other ingredients of this Tongue are generally the Gotish Arabick and old Spanish and in some places the French also as before is said those people having made great conquests and having had great negotiations in this Country It is said to be a very lofty swelling speech as if it were fashioned to command The Soil hereof where it is fertile and productive of the fruits of Nature yields not to any part of Europe for delight pleasures and commodities which here appear in greater ripeness and perfection than in other places But for the most part it is either overgrown with Woods cumbred with wild and rockie Mountains or of so hot a nature and so sandy withall that it is not very fit for tillage and so
torture that it is counted the greatest tyrannie and severest kind of persecution under Heaven Insomuch that many Papists who would willingly die for their Religion abhor the very name and mention of it and to the death withstand the bringing in of this slavery among them This is it that made the people of Aragon and Naples rebel Countries where the people are all of the Papal side and this was it which caused the irremediable revolt of the Low-countries the greatest part of that Nation at the time of their taking Arms being Romish Catholicks Yet is it planted and established in Spain and all Italy Naples and Venice excepted the managing thereof committed to the most zealous fierie and rigorous Friers in the whole pack The least suspition of heresie affinitie or commerce with Hereticks reproving the lives of the Clergy keeping any books or Editions of books prohibited or discoursing in matters of Religion are offences sufficient Nay they will charge mens consciences under pain of damnation to detect their nearest and dearest friends if they doe but suspect them to be herein culpable Their proceedings are with great secrecie and security for 1. the parties accused shall never know their Accuser but shall be constrained to reveal their own thoughts and affections 2. If they be but convinced of any errour in any of their opinions or be gainsayed by two witnesses they are immediatly condemned 3. If nothing can be proved against them yet shall they with infinit tortures and miseries be kept in the house divers yeers for a terrour to others and 4. If they escape the first brunt with many torments and much anguish yet the second questioning or suspition brings death remediless And as for torments and kinds of death Phalaris and his Fellow-tyrants come far short of these-blood-hounds The Administration of this Office for the more orderly Reglement and dispatch thereof distributed into twelve Courts or Supreme Tribunals for the severall Provinces of Sâ—ain no one depending on another in which those of the Secular Clergy sit as Iudges the Friers being only used as Promoters to inform the Court and bring more Grist unto the Mill. Of those Inquisitors every one hath the Title of Lord and are a great terrour to the neighbouring Peasants I here goeth a Tale how one of their Lordships desirous to eat of the Pears which grew in a poor mans Orchard not far off sent for the man to come unto him which put the poor soul into such a fright that he fell sick upon it and kept his bed Being afterwards informed that all his Lordships busines with him was to request a Dish of his Pears he pulled the tree up by the roots and carried it unto him with the Fruit upon it And when he was demanded the reason of that rash and improvident action he returned this Answer that he would never keep that thiâ—â— in his house which should give any of their Lordships cause to send further after him Certain it is that by this means the people of this kingdom are so kept under that they dare not hearken after any other Religion than what their Priests and Friers shall be pleased to teach them or entertain the truth if it come amongst them or call in question any of those palpable and gross â—mpostures which every day are put upon them But to return unto the Moores most of which by the terrour of this Inquisition proâ—â—ssed in shew the Christian Faith But being Christians only in the outward shew and practising on all occasions against the State the Kings of Spain resolved long agoe on their Exterminatâ—on but never had opportunity to effect it till the yeer 1609. At what time Philip the third having made a peace with England and a truce with Holland and finding the Moores of Africk 〈…〉 in wars that they were not able to disturb him put that extreme rigour in execution which had before been thought of in their consultations 1100000 of them being forced to quit this 〈◊〉 and provide new dwellings under colour that they went about to free themselves from the 〈◊〉 and to recover their old Liberty lost so long before The Forces which the Kings of Granada in the times of their greatest power were able to 〈◊〉 were far beyond the Ameasurement and extent of their kingdom not above 700 miles in 〈◊〉 as before is said but so exceeding populous and well accommodated wâ—â—hall manner 〈◊〉 necessaries that within two dayes space the King hereof was able to draw 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Horse and 200000 Foot for defence of the Kingdom The Armes whereof were Or a Pomgranat or Apple of Granada slipped Vert. 8 MVRCIA MVRCIA is bounded on the West with Granada on the East with Valentia on the North with Valentia and a part of Granada and on the South with the Mediterranean Seas so called from Murcia the chief Citie In former times esteemed a rich and wealthy Countrey stored with all sorts of fruits and so abounding in Silver Mines that when the Romans were Lords of it they kept continually 400 men at work and received 2500 Drachmas of daily profit now for the most part barren and but ill inhabited Cities of note there are not many in so small a Countrey The principal 1 Murcia by Ptolomiâ— called Menâ—alâ—a seated upon the River Segura a Bishops See situate in a pleasant and delightfull Plain planted with Pomgranats and other excellent fruits From this the Countrey had the name of the Kingdom of Murcia 2 Carthagena or Nova Carthago first built by Asdâ—ubal of Carthage the Brother of Annibal for the better receiving of such aids both of men and money as should come from Africa Situate in a Demi-Iland in the very jawes of the Mediterranean by which and by a deep Marish on the West side of it so impregnably fortified that if Scipiâ— afterwards called Asricanus who then lay at the siege thereof had not been shewed a way over that Marish at a dead low Water by some poor Fisher-men of Tarragon who knew the secret he had there lost both his time and Honour Nothing more memorable in the sackâ—ge and spoyl thereof though there was found abundance of Armes and Treasure than the vertue of Scipio who finding there many Spanish Ladies of great birth and beauties left there as Hostages for the Spaniards with the Carthaginians would not permit any of them to be brought before him for fear it should betray him to some inconvenience Being reedified it was made a Roman Colonie and one of the seven Iuridicall Resorts of Tarraconensiâ— by Constantine made a chief Citie of the new Province of Carthaginensis which was hence denominated Afterwards twice sacked by the Gothes and Vandals it lay for a long time buried in its own ruins And though again new built and peopled it is still but smal containing at the most but 600 Housholds and would be utterly abandoned but for the safety of the place and the strength thereof garrison'd and fortified very
and good service merited no less reward Anno 1099 who having fortunately governed it by the title of an Earl for the space of 12 years left his Sonne Alfonso Heir both to his Fortunes and Vertues honoured with the title of King of Portugal by the Soveraignes of Leon for his most gallant demeanor shewn in the battell of Obrique An. 1139. He had before the Assumption of the Regal Stile ruled 27 years with a great deal of honour and he reigned here 〈…〉 reverenced by his Friends and â—eared by his Enemies 〈…〉 in the Chair of State was 72 years a longer enjoying of 〈◊〉 〈…〉 the first beginning of the Roman Monarchie His Successors we shall 〈…〉 Catalogue But we must first tell you as in other places of this Work 〈…〉 in the whole succession are 1 Henry of Loreine whom some make a 〈…〉 who coming into Spaâ—n to the Holy Wars and deserving nobly in the 〈◊〉 was honoured by Alfoâ—sâ— the sixth with his Daughter Terasa and the Town of 〈◊〉 for her Dower given to him with the title of Earl of Portugal He extended his Estate as far 〈…〉 on the South of the River Duero that River being before that time the utmost bound of it that way 2. Alfonso the first King who took Lisbon from the Moores Anno 12. 7 and made it the Seat of his Kingdom which he extended South-ward as far as Algarve 3. Alfoso the 3d who partly by Conquest and partly by Mariage added Algarve to his Estate getâ—â—â— it by the Sword and confirming it to him by the Bed 4 Alfonso the 4th confederate with 〈…〉 name in Castilâ— against Alboacen the Mirâ—momolin of Africk at the fight 〈◊〉 the River â—alado not â—ar from Taâ—iffâ— where they discomfited the vast Army of Moores consiâ—â—ing of 470â—00 Horse and 〈◊〉 5 Iohn the first the base Sonne of Pedro the first setting aside the Lady 〈◊〉 Queen of Castile the Daughter oâ— Ferdinâ—nd the first and the lawfull Children of his â—ather being many in number by force and colour of Election obtained the Kingdom â—ortified it by 〈◊〉 mariage with the Lady â—â—â—lip Daughter of Iohn of Gaunt Duke of 〈◊〉 a strong Competitor at that time for the Crown of Castile on which Relation this King the four Kings next succeâ—â—ing and two of this Kings younger Sonnes were made Knights of the 〈◊〉 6 Henry Duke of Vâ—sâ—o Vâ—sontium the Latines call it the second Sonne of 〈◊〉 the first created Knight of the Gaâ—ter by King Henry the sixth Anno 1444. By whose in couragement and example the 〈◊〉 began to be affected to forrain Voyages discoverâ—ng in his 〈◊〉 and for the most part under his Conduct also the Ilands of Azores Maderâ— Holy-Pâ—rt those 〈…〉 Verâ—e and a great part of the Coast of Africk as far as Guinea He died An. 14â— â—7 Alfonso the fiâ—th who warring on the Moores in Africk took from them the 〈…〉 Alcasâ—â— Aâ—zilla 8 Iohn the 2d under whose reign the Portugols fully 〈…〉 in Gâ—nea and the Realms of Congo discovering all the Coasts and Isles of Africk not before discovered as far as to the Cape of Good-hope Anno 1487 planting and fortifying as they 〈◊〉 the whole Discoverie of Africk the East-Indies and Brasil being perfected in the 〈◊〉 of King Emaâ—uel under whom also they discomâ—ited great Armies of the Turks and Sulâ—â—◠〈…〉 bringing by Sea the riches of the East into the West 9 Sebastian the Grand-child 〈…〉 Sonne of 〈◊〉 imbarking himself unadvisedly in the wars of Africk lost his 〈…〉 generally supposed at the battel of Alcasar in which three Kings fell in one day 〈…〉 are of opinion that he was not killed but that for shame and sorrow 〈…〉 home wandring from one place to another and at the last was found and avowed at 〈◊〉 thence carried to Naples where he was kept three days in a dark Dungeon without any 〈…〉 a knife and halter brought into Spain by the Kings command where at last he died A man in whom so many circumstances met to make up a truth that the very Spaniards used to say that either he vvas the true Sebastian or else the Devil in his likeness But vvhether true or not is not now materiall death having put an end to that disputation though the controversie which ensued upon his death for the Crown of Portugal be not yet decided For though King 〈◊〉 the 2d of Spain succeeded next after Henry the Cardinal King who only came upon the Stage that the Competitors might have time to declare their Titles and claimed the Crown as eldest Hâ—ir male and neerest Kinsman to King Henry yet all the World was not well satisfied in the Iustice and Equity of his demands In the carrying on of which affairs he seemâ—d to deal very candidly to the eyes of men not biassed by their proper Interess offering to 〈◊〉 his Title to a Disputation professing that the Lawes of Portugal were more favourable to him than the Law of Castâ—le and openly acknowledging that if he should chance to die 〈…〉 his eldest Sonne as being a degree further off would come behind some 〈◊〉 of the 〈…〉 to it of whom himself had the precedence But finding nothing done by Henry and meaning to make sure work after his decease Antonio the Bastard having 〈…〉 and taking on himself as King by a popular and tumultuous Election 〈…〉 under the command of Fâ—â—diâ—nd de Tolâ—do Duke of Alva and subdued all that stood 〈◊〉 him 〈◊〉 the Dutchess of Bragance Daughter of Prince Edward 〈…〉 and pretensions to him So entring by a mixt Title of descent and 〈…〉 Threâ—score yeers it was peaceably enjoyed by the Kings of Spain when 〈…〉 by a pâ—tent faâ—tion appearing for Iohn Duke of Brâ—gâ—nce descended from 〈…〉 which brought so cunningly and successefully in his behalf 〈…〉 disseized of Portugal than he heard of any plot or practice set on 〈…〉 In which it is to be observed that as King Philip the 2d for the 〈…〉 of this Crown had embroyled the French ingaging that King in a bloody wâ—r 〈…〉 of that Kingdom to make him sure enough from troubling him in his 〈…〉 so the French Ministers had caused a Revolt in Catalogâ—e to the end that 〈…〉 was busied in reducing that Province the Portugals might have 〈…〉 themselves from the power of the Spaniaâ—ds whom the Antipathie betwixt the Nations made less pleasing to them Nor was it a partiall defection onely or the loss of Portugal and no more but a generall falling off of the whole estate in Africk Asia America in the Isles and Continents the Accessories excepting only the Town of â—euta in Barbarie going the same way as the Principall did And here methinks that grave and deliberate Nation of the Spaâ—iards may be justly taxed for committing a greater Soloecism in point of State than ever people did before them in that having got the full and peaceable possession of the Crown of Portugal and all the out-parts and Members of it
The Signeurie of MACHLIN consisteth only of that City and a small Territorie of nine Villages adjoining to it The Citie seated on both sides of the River Dele which ebbeth and floweth to the town and a league above it and running through the very midst maketh in it a number of small Islands to the great ornament and commoditie of it A goodly town containing seven Parish Churches besides the Cathedrall being the See of an Archbishop founded here in the year 1559. strong in regard it may be easily drowned on all sides and of great wealth by reason of the many manufactures of linnen great Artillery of Brasse and Iron Bels painted works and others of like use and ornament And being situate in a manner in the Center of Brabant distant four Leagues from Antwerp Lovain and Bruxels was made by Charls the Warlike who loved the place the ordinary seat of the great Councell of State to which appeals are made from the other Provinces But yet more beautifull in former times then it is at the present the City being much defaced by firing 200 barrels of powder anno 1546. and by the â—ackage of of the Spaniard by whom it was taken by force anno 1572. most memorable at this time for a famous Nunnerie like to that of Nivelle wherein are sometimes 1600 Nuns who when they please may leave their Cloister and be married A town though in Brabant yet not of it but a State distinct for which cause many 〈◊〉 men at the time of their child-birth use to lay downe their bâ—llies in some Village of Brabant 〈◊〉 their children may be capable of the priviledges and immunities of that country The principall of the Villages is named Leest or Heyst pleasantly seated on an hill the residue of the Burroughs lying at the foot thereof Both Town and Villages the patrimonie heretofore of the noble family of the Bertholds which failing in the person of Gualter slain in the battle of Worancan by John Duke of Brabant it sell the one half to the Bishop of Leige who sold his moitie to John the second Duke of Brabant the other to the Earl of Gueldres who in the year 1333. sold his part unto Lewis of Malain Earl of Flanders But he sold nothing but the title John the third Duke of Brabant having seised upon it and added it to his estate the occasion of some quarrels between those Princes composed by the marriage of that Lewis with the heir of Brabant But to return again unto Brabant it self the antient inhabitants hereof were the Aduatici and some part of the Tungri accompted by the Romans a part of the Province of Germania secunda and by the French a Province of the Kingdom of East-France or Austrasia when it was a Kingdom as after of the great Dukedom of Lorrain conteining then the modern Dukedoms of Lorrain Gulick and Brabant with the lands of Luick Brabant at that time had the name of Basse or Low Lorrain and as a memory thereof there is a Court for criminall and civill causes held at Genappe one of the Franks or Market towns of Brabant called La Court de Lorrain to this day A Dukedom first erected by the Emperour Otho the 2. who gave it to Charles of France son of Gerburg his Aunt by Lewis surnamed Transmarine King of France reserving out of it as a Dower for his said Aunt Gerburg the towns and territories of Lovain Bruxels Nivelle and Antwerp lying in the Marches of his Dominions towards France which he honoured with the title of the Marquisat of the holy Empire anno 981. Gerburg the sister and after the death of her brother Otho the heir of Charls disseised of Lorrain and the right of that fair inheritance by the Emperour Henry who gave it to Geofrey of Ardenne succeeded her Grandmother the first Gerburg in the towns and territories of Lovain Nivelle and Bruxels which she conveyed in marriage to Lambert one of the sons of Reyner of Hainalt with the title of Earl of Lovain Henry his son having made himself Master of Antwerp also was by that means possessed of the whole Marquisate but still retained the title of Earl of Lovain Godfrey the 6. Earl having enlarged the bounds of his Dominions was by the Emperour Henry the 5. anno 1108. created the first Duke of Brabant whether so named from the old Bratuspantium which Caesar placeth in this tract or that it was so called quasi Brachland that is to say a barren soil is not yet determined John the first Duke of that name added hereunto the Dutchie of Limburg and John the third the Signeurie of Malines or Machlin How it became united to the house of Burgundie is to be seen by the ensuing Catalogue of the The EARLS of LOVAIN and DUKES of BRABANT 104 1 Lambert one of the sons of Regnier Earl of Hainalt made the first Earl of Lovain in right of Gerburg his wife 1015 2 Henry the son of Lambert who took Antwerp making it the head City of the Marquisate of the holy Empire 1046 3 Lambert II. son of Henry 1054 4 Henry II. son of Lambert the second 1068 5 Henry III. son of Henry the second 6 Henry IV. son of Henry the third 1096 7 Godfrey surnamed Barbatus brother of Henry the fourth created the first Duke of Brabant by the Emperour Henry the fifth anno 1108. father of Adelize the second wife of our Henry the first 1140 8 Godfrey or Geofrey II. son of Godfrey 1143 9 Godfrey or Geofrey III. son of Godfrey the second 1183 10 Henry V. son of Godfrey the third 1230 11 Henry VI. surnamed the Good son of Henry the fift 1247 12 Henry VII surnamed the Magnanimous by whose marriage with Sophia daughter of Lewis the sixt Lantgrave of Turingia the Lantgravedome of Hassia came into this house invested on it in the person of Henry his son by the said Sophia 1260 13 John son of Henry the seventh took in the Dukedom of Limbourg and destroyed the potent Familie of the Bertholds his younger brother Henry by another venter succeeding in Hassia 14 John II. son of John the first bought of the Bishop of Leige the moitle or one halfe of Machlyn 1312 15 John III. son of John the second added the whole estate of Machlyn to the Dukedome of Brabant 1355 16 Joane eldest daughter of John the third married to Wenceslauâ— the first Duke of Luxembourg but dyed without issue 1406 17 Anthony of Burgogne son of Philip the Hardie and the Lady Margaret his wife daughter of Lewis de Malain Earl of Flanders and of Margaret the sister and heir of Joane after the death of the said Wenceslaus and Joane his wife succeeded in the Dukedom of Brabant his elder brother John giving way unto it 1415 18 John IV. sonne of Anthony by his first wise Joane daughter of Waleran Earl of Saint Paul 1426 19 Philip the second son of Anthony and brother of John the fourth 1430 20 Philip
bounded on the East with Cleveland and the Earldome of Zutphen on the West with Holland and Vtrecht on the North with Over-yssell and the Zuider-Zee and on the South with Brabant and the land of Gulick The countrie flat having few hils in it but many pleasant and commodious woods especially that called Echterwalt of corne and cattell very fruitfull The whole Countrey is generally divided into two parts 1. The Veluwe contained within the Zuider-Zee the Rhene and the Yssell the barrener of the two and the worse inhabited the people hereof preferring wealth before health as in other places but affording a more pure aire and a pleasanter dwelling then the other the woods and forrests well replenished with most kinds of game 2. The Betuwe so called of the Batavi who possessed these parts intercepted betwixt the middle Rhene and the Wael exceedingly fruitfull in corn and of so excellent a pasturage for the feeding of Cattell that in the year 1570. there was a Guelderland Bull sold in Antwerp which weighed 3200. pounds In both divisions not reckoning in the county of Zutphen are contained 300. villages and 16. walled Towns besides some fortified of late since the wars began The chief whereof are 1. Nimmegent in Latine Noviomagus an Imperial City ordained by Charles the great to be one of the three Seiges of the Empire for these outer parts the other two being Theonville in Luxembourg Aix or Aken in the land of Gulick And as a Town Imperiall it had anciently the priviledge of coyning money for which and other freedomes of immunities indulged unto it the people did no other service to the Emperours then once a year to send a man to Aix or Aquisgrane with a Glove full of Pepper But the town being sold to the Gueldrois by William Earl of Holland and King of the Romans for 21000. marks of silver anno 1248. the power of coynage fell to those Princes and yet the Town was brought to do better service then formerly it had done at Aken The Town high mounted on the top of an hill the Wael which is there large and deep running at the foot of it rich great and populous having besides the modern fortifications an ancient Castle with so goodly a prospect that from thence one may behold the best part of the countrey built as some say by Julius Caesar to command those parts Under the jurisdiction of it are 2. Tiel and 3. Bomel two walled Towns both situated on the Wael both strong and having many rich villages under their command and 4. Gheut on the Wael also an unwalled Town but having all the priviledges which the walled Towns have Not for off at 〈…〉 meeting of the Wael and the Maes stands the strong Fort of S. Andrews raised by the Archduke 〈◊〉 to command the passage of those Rivers but in the year 1600. taken in by 〈◊〉 Count of 〈◊〉 after Prince of Orange and ever since garrisoned by the States to secure that passage 5. Riuermond seated on the mouth of the Ruer where it falleth into the Maes a beautifull and well peopled City strong by Art and Nature and seated in a fruitfull countrey heretofore of the Diocese of Leige as Nimmegen anciently of Colen but made a See Episcopall by King Philip the 〈…〉 1559. This is the second Capitall City of Guelderland and hath under the jurisdiction of it 6. Venlo a strong Town on the Maes on which the Duke of Cleve yeelded himself to Charles the fift anno 1543. 7. Gueldres heretofore of such reputation that it gave name to all the countrey and well it doth deserve to do so still being the only Town in all this Dukedome which neither first nor last hath been won by the Hollanders but still preserved themselves in their obedience to their natural Princes 8. Stâ—ael or Straelen a well fortified piece but which according to the chances of War hath oft changed its masters 9. Arnhem the Arenacum of Taeitus and in those times the mansion of the 10 Legion situate on the Rhene not above a mile from the great Channell which Drusut to keepâ— his souldiers from idlenesse caused them to dig to let the waters of the Rhene into those of the Yssell called therefore by the Ancients Fossa Drusiana by the moderns Yssell-Dort The Town large and well-built the ordinary residence heretofore of the Dukes of Guelderland who had here their Chancery and other supreme Couurts of justice This is the third Capitall City of Gueldres anciently of the Diocese of Vtrecht and hath under the jurisdiction of it besides divers Villages 10. Wagbeninghen on the Rhene the same which Tacitus cals Vada 11. Harderwick on the Zuider-See burnt to the ground anno 1503. but since reedified and now more strong and beautfull then ever formerly 12. Hattem upon the Yssell a good town of war but not else observable Within the limits of this Dukedome stands the Town and County of Culemberg erected into a County by King Philip the second by reason of the fair territory which belonged unto it formerly held in Fee of the Dukes of Guelderland but otherwise not reckoned as a Member of â—it 2. The Town and Earldome of Buren situate on the River Liughe having a strong Castle anciently and a goodly territory holden immediately of the Empire as a Fief Imperiall The patrimony of the valiant Maximilian of Egmond Earl of Buren who died anno 1549. after whose death it fell to Philip of Nâ—ssaw eldest sonne of William Prince of Orange and Anne the daughter of the said Maximilian ZVTPHEN accompted formerly for the 4. Capitall City of Guelderland now a distinct Province of it self is bounded on the East with Westphalen on the West with that part of Guelderland which is called the Velluwe on the North with Over-yssell on the South with Cleveland It containeth 8. walled Towns besides many Villages that is to say 1. Doetecum standing on the old Yssell rising out of Westphalen 2. Doesburg where the old Yssell falleth into the new Yssell or the trench called Fossa Drusiana communicating thereunto its name 3. Brookhurst a County of it self which anciently had its particular Governour 4. Lochen upon the River Berkell 5. Tsheerenbergue a Town and County 6. Groll taken by the Prince of Orange for the States Confederate anno 1627. 7. Bredervord a town of war and subject to the change of Masters as such places are 8. Zutphen or Zuidfen so called of the Southern situation of it amongst the Fennes on the right shore of the Yssell whereit receiveth in it the River Berkel which runs through the Town A Town indifferently well built as well for private as publick edifices a distinct state in Civill matters but in spirituall subject in former times to the Bishop-of Munster a thing observable and not to be paralleld elsewhere that the four chief Towns and quarters of one Province only should appertain as here in Guelderland to four severall Dioceses Of which there may some
the Dukedomâ— of Gueldres but being too weak for so great an Adversary made his submission to him at Venlo and so saved his estates 1584 35 John William son of the former William during the life of Charles Frederick his elder brother was Bishop of Munster on whose death anno 1575. he resigned that dignity and in the end succeeded his Father in his whole estates which he managed with great piety and prudence till the year 1610. and then died issuelesse The last of that ancient and noble family of the Dukes of Cleve After whose death much quarrell and contention grew about the succession betwixt the severall competitors and pretenders to it of which the principall were 1. Leopold Archduke of Austria pretending an investiture from the Emperour Rodolphus to whom for want of heirs males the estate was said to be escheated 2. John George Duke of Saxonie descended from Sibyll daughter of Duke John the third at whose marriage with John Frederick the Electour of Saxonie an 1535 it was said to have been solemnly agreed upon that on the failing of the heirs males of Cleve the issue of that marriage should succeed therein 3. John Sigismund the Electour of Brandenburg in behalf of his son George William Duke of Prussia by the Lady Anne his wife eldest daughter of Albert of Brandenburg Duke of Prussia and of Maria Leonora the eldest sister and next heir of the Duke deceased 4. Wolfgangus Gulielmus Palatine of Newburg son of Magdalen the younger sister of that Mary who claimed the estate as nearest kinsman one degree to the said last Duke And though the right seemed most apparently on the side of Brandenbourg the Estate in tayle pretended by the Duke of Saxonie being formerly cut off by Imperiall authority and that pretended to by the Duke of Newburg not of force in Germanie yet being that Leopold was in Armes and had already forced a possession of most part of the Countrey the two Princes of Brandenbourg and Newburg soon agreed the controversie and by the help of the Protestant Princes their Confederates recovered the greatest part of it from the hands of Leopold But the Palatine of Newburg not content with his partage first married with a daughter of the Duke of Bavaria then reconciled himself to the Church of Rome called in the Spanish Armes under the command of Marquisse Spinola to abet his quarrell which made George William son of the Elector of Brandenbourg and the Lady Anne to call in the Forces of the States under the command of Maurice Earl of Nassaw after Prince of Orange The issue of which war was this that Spinola possessed himself of Wesel Aken Mullheim Pusseldorp and most other places of importance in Berg and Gulick and the States got into their power the Towns of Gulick with Rees and Emmerick in the Dukedome of Cleve and almost the whole County of Mark. And though they both pretend to keep them for the use of those Princes in whose cause they stand yet when such strong parties keep the Stakes it is most easie to determine who will win the game such alterations as have hapned in the chance of war by the reciprocall winning and losing of some Towns on both sides not much conducing to the benefit of the rightfull Princes EARLES of ALTENA and MARCH A. Ch. 834 1 Robert son of Baldwin to whom the County of Teisterbant was given by Eberard 2 Theodorick son of Robert the first Lord of Altena 3 Adolphus I. Earl of Altena 4 Adolphus II. Earl of Altena and Berg. 5 Conrade Earl of Altena and Berg. 4 Adolph III. Earl of Altena and Berg. 5 Eberhard Earl of Altena his younger brother Engelbert succeeding in Berg. 6 Frederick Earl of Altena 7 Adolphus IV. created the first Earl of March 1249 7 Engelbert Earl of March and Altena 8 Adolphus V. son of Engelbert 9 Engelbert II. from whom by a second wife the daughter and heir of Aremberg descended that branch of the house of March which till of late were Soveraigns of Sedan and Dukes of Bovillon 10 Adolph VI. husband of Mary or Margaret daughter and heir of Theodorick the 9. Earl of Cleve 2. The Estates of the three ELECTOR-BISHOPS Adjoyning to the Estates of Cleve are those of the Spirituall Electors of the Empire of Germanie Colen Ments and Triers not so contiguous and conterminous as those of Cleveland and therefore to be laid out severally by their metes and boundaries And first for 1. COLEN-LAND or the Estate of the Archbishop and Elector of Colen is bounded on the East with the Dukedome of Berg from which divided by the Rhene on the West with Gulick on the North with Cleve it self and the County of Muers and on the South extending to the land of Triers The ancient Inhabitants hereof were the Vbii in former times possessed of the Countreys of Berg and March but being warred on by the Germans bordering next upon them they were by the Clemency of Agrippa then Lievtenant of Gaul received into protection and by him placed along the French side of the Rhene as well for defence of the borders of the Roman Empire as for their own security against that Enemy Won from the Romans by the French in the reign and under the conduct of Childerick anno 412. or thereabouts and from the French by the Emperour Otho the first anno 949. Since that time the City of Colen hath remained Imperiall and of late times incorporated amongst the Hanse-towns but the territory near unto it and a great part of Westphalen subject immediately to the Bishop much of the lands which formerly belonged to the Kingdome of Lorrain being conferred upon this See by the Emperour Otho the second at such time as the Dukedome of Lorrain was erected by him The Bishops See first founded here by S. Maternus one of the Disciples of S. Peter as hath been constantly affirmed by old tradition but howsoever an Episcopall See without all question in the time of Constantine Maternus Bishop hereof subscribing amongst others to the Councell of Arles anno 326. And being Colen was in those times the Metropolis of the Province of Germania Secunda the Bishop had the power of a Metropolitan according to the rule and observation so often mentioned Afterwards when the Empire was made Elective these Bishops with their brethren of Mentz and Triers were made three of the seven which were to nominate and elect the succeeding Emperour after which time it is no wonder that they grew both in power and Patrimony Places of most importance within this Electorate are 1. Bonn situate on the banks of the Rhene in the most pleasant and fruitfull place of all the Countrey the ordinary refidence of the Archbishop whose house or Palace here is said to be one of the fairest in all Germanie By Tacitus called Benna and sometimes Castra Bonnensia the wintering Camp in his times of the sixt Legion 2. Nuys by the same writer called Novesium Nivesia by Antoninus
officiary only removable at the will of the Emperour and accomptable to him not seldome many at one time especially whilest under the command of the French some of them being Dukes of the Upper and others of the Lower Almain So that there is no great certainty of their succession nor much care to be taken in searching after it though otherwise men of great Authority and Command in their severall times The most remarkable amongst them was Rudolph Earl of Reinfelden and Duke of Schwaben descended from the Earls of Habsburg in the reign of Henry the fourth against whom he was chosen Emperour by the practise and procurement of Pope Hildebrand but overcome and wounded at the battell of Eâ—ster he died not long after of his wounds with great repentance for rebelling against his Soveraign After his death some Provinces being dismembred from it and other lesser estates first erected out of it it was made Hereditary in the person of Frederick Baron of Hohenstaussen surnamed the Antient by the munificence and bounty of the said Henry the fourth whose daughter Agnes he had married His successours follow in this order The DUKES of SCHWABEN 1 Frederick the ancient the first Hereditary Duke of Schwaben 2 Frederick with the one eye son of Frederick the Ancient 3 Frederick III. surnamed Barbarossa son of Frederick with the one eye Duke of Schwaben and Emperour he succeeded the Emperour Henry the fift in the Dukedome of Franconia and left the same unto his successours 1190 4 Frederick IV. second son of Barbarossa his elder brother Henry succeeding in the Empire by the name of Henry the sixt 5 Conrade brother of Frederick the fourth 6 Philip brother of Conrade after the death of Henry the sixt elected Emperour 1207 7 Frederick V. son of Henry the sixt elected Emperour by the name of Frederick the second King of Naples and Sicil also in right of his mother 1250 8 Conrade II. son of Frederick the fift King of both Sicils and Emperour of Germany after the death of his Father poisoned as was supposed by his base brother Manfred who succeeded in his Kingdom of Sicil. 1254 9 Conradine the son of Conrade pursuing his right unto the Kingdomes of Naples and Sicil was overcome and taken prisoner by Charles of Anjou successour unto Manfrede in those estates and by his command beheaded at Naples anno 1268. After whose death being the last of that powerfull and imperiall Family this vast Estate was brought unto a second dismembring and divided amongst the Bishops Princes and Free Cities hereof of which last there are more within the old Precincts of this Dukedome then in all Germany besides So that beholding it in the first and second dilapidation we finde many goodly Patrimonies and fair Estates besides what belongeth to the Cities and Episcopall Sees to have been raised out of the ruines of this great Dukedome that is to say the Dukedomes of Zeringen and Wirtemberg with the Marquisate of Baden dismembred from it when conferred on Frederick of Hohenstauffen the Earldomes of Pfirt Hohenberg and Friburg besides a great improvement of the Earldome of Hapsburg advanced out of the second ruine How Pfirt and Hohenberg were unitted to the house of Austria hath been shewn already and what becomes of Wirtenberg and Baden shall be shewn hereafter Here it is onely to be noted that the Family of Zeriugen possessed of almost all Brisgow and great part of Switzerland owe their Originall to Berthilo or Berthold a younger son of Guntrom the first Earl of Hapsburg Which being extinguished in the person of Berthold the fift who dyed the same day in which the Emperour Rodolph of Hapsburg was born anno 1218. the rights hereof descended on the Earls of Friburg the principall City of that Country Eggow the last Earl of which house being overlaid by his undutifull and rebellious Subjects sold his estate therein â—o 12000 Ducats to Albert and Leopold Dukes of Austria sons of Albert the Short whose successours enjoy all Brisgow to this very day The Armes of Schawben were Argent 3 Leopards Sable 7. BAVARIA BAVARIA is bounded on the East with Austria on the West with the river Leck or Lycus which parts it from Schawben on the North with Northgoia or the Vpper Palatinate and on the South with the Earldome of Tirol and Carinthia It containeth the whole Province of Rhaetia Secunda and so much of Noricum Mediterraneum as now makes up the Bishoprick of Saltsburg and by a distinct name was called Vindelicia as being the ancient habitation of the Vindelici so named from the two Rivers of Vindis and Lycus now the Werd and the Leck upon which they lived According whereunto it is thus versified by a German Poet. Respicit late fluvios Vindimque Lycumque Miscentes undas nomina Littoris unde Antiquam Gentem populumque Urbemque vocarunt Vindelicam In English thus Vindis and Lycus floods of noted Fame He next beholds mingling their streames and name To which the old Vindelici doe own The name both of their Nation and their Town Meaning by their Town as I conceive Augusta Vindelycorum their Metropolis or Capitall City But after such time as the Boii or Boiarians had driven out the Romans and got possession of this Country the name of Vindelicia and Rhaetia secunda grew into disuse that of Boiaria succeeding in the place thereof mollified or corrupted into Bavaria the present name of the Country amongst the Latines but by the Dutch called Bayeren by the French Bavier The whole divided into three parts the Higher lying towards the Alpes of Tyrol the Lower extending all along the banks of the Danow and the District of Saltzburg situate betwixt the Inn and the Dukedome of Austria all three much over-spread with woods and forrests remainders of the Hercinian forrest described before But more particularly the Higher lying towards the Alpes is cold and barren affording no wines and but little corn the Lower being more fruitfull and better planted for some parts especially about Regensberg and Landshut inferiour unto none in Germany for the richnesse and pleasantnesse of the situation Of the District of Saltzburg we shall speak by it self because by some not reckoned as a part hereof In all great quantity of fenell for the fire and of Timber for building no lesse of Swine fatted in the woods and sent away by numerous herds into other Countries The Christian Faith first preached here amongst the Boiarians by Rupertus Bishop of Wormes driven from his See by Childebert King of the French anno 540. or therabout and here made the first Bishop of Saltzburg corrupted at this time with the Leaven of the Church of Rome to which this Country setting aside the Imperiall Cities is more intirely devoted then any other in Germany Principall Cities in the Higher are 1 Munchen in Latine Monachium the Dukes seat seated on the Isee or Isarus in a very sweet and delightly soil among ponds and groves daintily interlaced with
hereof by the said Emperour Henry the 4. 17 Welpho IV. son to Welpho the 3. 18 Henry VIII surnamed the Proud brother of Guelpho the 4. by the marriage of Gertrude daughter of Lotharius the 2. Duke of Saxonie also Deprived of both by the Emperour Conrade the 3. 19 Leopold son to Leâ—pold the 4. Marquesse of Austria made Duke by the said Conrade the 3. 20 Henry IX brother of Leopold after Marquesse and at last Duke of Austria 21 Henry X. surnamed the Lyon son of Henry the Proud restored by the Arbitrement of Frederick Barbarossa the Duke of Austria being otherwise satisfied by whom not long after proscribed and deprived of both his Dukedoms After which this estate became fixed and settled in the person and posteritie of 1180 22 Otho of Wittlesbach lineally descended from Arnulph the first Duke advanced unto this honour by Frederick Barbarossa sensible of the too great power of the former Dukes the whole extent of this estate being reduced by this time to the limits of the modern Bavaria and the Palatinate of Northgoia 1183 23 Ludovick or Lewis son of Otho 1231 24 Otho II. son of Lewis who by marrying Gertrude the sole daughter of Henry Count Palatine of the Rhene brought the Electorall dignitie into the house of Bavaria 1290 25 Henry Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhene the sonne of Otho the 2. 1312 26 Ludovick or Lewis II. brother of Henry Duke of Bavaria and Elector Palatine of the Rhene 1294 27 Ludovick or Lewis III. second son of Lewis the 2. succeeded in the Kingdom of Bavaria Rodolph the eldest son succeeding in both Palatinates and the Electoral dignitie He was afterwards elected and crowned Emperour known commonly by the name of Ludovicus Bavarus 1347 28 Stephen the eldest son of Ludovick the Emperour William and Albert his two brethren successively enjoying the Earldoms of Hainalt Holland c. in right of their mother 1375 29 Stephen II. son of Stephen the 1. his brothers Frederick and John sharing with him parts the estate 1413 30 Ludovick II. surnamed Barbatus deposed and imprisoned by his own son Ludowick who yet died before him without issue 1147 31 Henry II son of Frederick the second brother of Stephen the 2. succeeded on the death of Ludovicus Barbatus 1450 32 Ludovick V. surnamed the Rich who banished the Jews out of his estates and seised their goods the son of Henry the 2. 1479 33 George surnamed the Rich also the Founder of the Universitie of Ingolstade whose sole daughter and heir was married to Rupertus Prince Electour Palatine with the Dukedom of Bavaria for her Dower But Maximilian the Emperour not liking so much greatnesse in the German Princes confirmed the same on 1503 34 Albert III. son of a former Albert Nephew of John of Munchen by his son Ernestus which John was youngest brother to Stephen the 2. who by the power and favour of Maximilian the Emperour succeeded unto George the Rich the cause of a long and unhappy war betwixt the Electors of the Rhene and Dukes of Bavaria the worst whereof besides the losse of this Estate fell upon the Palatines proscribed and outed of their Country upon this quarrell but upon their submission restored again 1508 35 William the son of Albert the 3. 1577 36 Albert IV. a great Champion of the Doctrines and Traditions of the Church of Rome and so extreamly affected unto the Jesuites that he built Colledges for them at Landsberg Ingolstade and Munchen his three principall towns 1579 37 William II. son of Albert the 4. as zealous as his Father in the cause of the Church of Rome in which exceeded very much by 38 Maximilian eldest son of William the 2. who chiefly out of the same zeal sided with Ferdinand the 2. in the wars of Germanie anno 1620. and took upon him the conduct of the Armies of the said Emperour against Frederick Count and Electour Palatâ—ne chosen King of Bohemia In which having done great service to the Imperiall and Romish interesse he was by the said Ferdinand invested in the Vpper Palatinate called anciently but not more properly then now the Palatinate of Bavaria together with the Electorall dignitie this last conferred at first upon him but for term of life in the Diet at Regensberg 1623. the Electors of Mentz Saxonie and Brandenbourg protesting against it but afterwards in the Diet at Prague anno 1628. conâ—erred upon him and his heirs for ever to the great prejudice of the Princes of the Palatine Familie who by reason of their simultaneous investiture with the first of their house are not to be deprived of their estates and dignities for the offence of their Fathers the punishment not being to extend beyond the person of the offender But notwithstanding their pretentions and allegations the Duke is still possessed of the title and dignitie confirmed therein by the conclusions of the Treatie of Munster a new Electorate being to be erected for the Palatine Princes The Arms of this Duke are Lozenges of 21 peeces in Bend Argent and Azure The ARCHDUKEDOME of AUSTRIA The Archdukedome of AVSTRIA reckoning in the incorporate Provinces and Members of it is bounded on the East with Hungarie and a part of Sclavonia on the West with Bavaria and some parts of the Switzers and the Grisons on the North with Bohemia and Moravia and on the South with Histria and some part of Friuly in Italie Within which circuit are contained the feverall Provinces of Austria properly so called Stiria Carinthia Carniola and Tirol the qualitie of the whole will be best discerned by the Survey of particulars The ancient Inhabitants of the whole were the Norici of the Romans parted into the lesser Tribes of Sevates Alauni Ambisontii Ambilici and Ambidrauni subdued by Drusus son in law to Augustus Caesar and made a Province of the Empire After by Constantine the Great divided into Noricum Mediterraneum comprehending the Countries of Carinthia Carniola Stiria and some parts of Tirol with the Bishoprick or District of Saltsburg of which Solyun was the Metropolis or Capitall Citie and Noricum Ripense containing only Austria and those parts of Bavaria which lie Eastward of the River Inn extended all along on the banks of the Danow Known by no other names while possessed by the Romans from whom being conquered by the Avares and other Nations it gained those severall names and appellations specified before 1 AVSTRIA properly so called hath on the East the Kingdome of Hungarie from which parted by the River Rab on the West Bavaria on the North the Bohemian Mountains towards the West and on the other side the Teya which separates it from Moravia on the South Stiria or Stiermarck called by the Dutch Ostenreich and contractedly Oostrich that is to say the Eastern Kingdom a part assuming to it self the name of the whole this being the extreme Province of East-France or the Eastern Kingdom of the French in the barbarous Latine of those times called by
last being an estate in Lorrain accrewing to them by the marriage of a fourth Philip the fift in name and order of the house of Lichteberg with Margaret sole daughter and heir of Ludovick the last Earl thereof Betwixt the Counties of Nassaw and Hanaw on both sides of the River Lou lies the Earldome of SOLMS the first Earl whereof of whom there is any good Constat was Henry honoured with this title anno 1220. But being I finde them in the Catalogue of the Counts Imperiall made before that time I must conclude them to be ancienter then the date aforesaid though that sufficient to ennoble a far greater Family By the marriage of Conrade the ninth from Henry first with Elizabeth one of the daughters of William of Nassaw Prince of Orange and after with the widow of the Earl of Egmond they came to be of such Authority amongst the Netherlands as to be priviledged with a place and suffrage in the Councell of the States Generall there settled at the present in their greatest honour especially since the marriage of Henry of Nassaw Prince of Orange with a daughter of Earl Conrade by his second wife the mother of William of Nassaw now Prince of Orange and husband to the Princesse Mary the eldest daughter of Great Britain But besides their Estates there they are possessed in this tract of 1 Branufels which gives title to the first branch of the house of Solms 2 Croneberg the possession of the second branch of this Family and 3 Solms on the north side of the Lou the root of both Of the Imperiall Cities in this Confederation the first is Friberg called for distinction sake Friberg in Wederaw to difference it from another Town of that name in Brisgow situate in the midle of delicious and most fruitfull elds and memorable for the stout resistance which it made to Adolphus of Nassaw at that time Emperour who when he could not get it by force or famine obtained it by fraud and put to death no lesse then 40 of chief Nobility whom he found in the Castle So hated for that bloody fact that he was shortly after deprived of the Empire and slain in fight by Albert of Austria his Competitor The second of the two is Wetzelaer seated on the Lou where it meets with the Dille which rising neer Dillengberg a town of the Earl of Nassawes doth here lose its name into the greater A town Imperiall confederate with Frideberg and the Princes before mentioned for maintaining their common liberties and the Religion publickly professed amongst them being that of the Reformed Churches of Calvins Platform 10. FRANCONIA FRANCONIA or FRANKENLAND is bounded on the East with the Vpper Palatinate and part of Voitland on the West with the Confederates of Wederaw and part of the Rhene on the north with Hassia and Thuringia and on the south with the Palatinate of the Rhene and some part of Schwaben so called from the French Franci or Francones in whose possession it was when they were first known unto the Romans the Residence of their Dukes or Princes in this noble Province appropriating the name unto it Called also Francia Orientalis to difference it from the Realm of France which lay more towards the West The Country on the out-parts overgrown wholly in a manner with woods and forrests and environed almost with Mountains parts of the old Hercinian Wolds is within pleasant plain and fruitfull sufficiently plentifull both of corn and wines but abundantly well stored with Rape and Licoras and yeilding good pasture for Cattell so that we may compare it to a fine piece of Cloth wrought about with a course list or an excellent fine piece of Lawn with a canvasse Selvage Chief Rivers of it are 1 The Main or Moenus which running thorow the midst of it is received into the Rhene below Frankfort 2 The Sala whence the adjoyning French had the name of Salii and Conrade Emperour of the Germans the surname of Salicus 3 Radiantis 4 Sinna 5 Tubero 6 Aestus c. The People of it are ingenious patient of labour strong of body and very industrious not suffering any to be idle that can earn his living of what sort soever The off-spring of the ancient French who having over-mastered Gaul and the parts adjoyning left here the seminary of their strength and a stock of their antient Princes Marcomir brother of Pharamond the first King of the French governing in these parts as Duke and leaving the estate and title unto his posterity The catalogue of which Princes take in order thus The PRINCES of the FRANKES and DUKES of FRANCONIA of the old FRENCH Race A. Ch. 326 1 Genebaldus the son of Dagobert descended from the old Regal stock of the Sicambri united with other Dutch nations about 60 or 70 yeers before in the name of Frankes having subdued those parts which lay towards the River Moenus became the first Prince of the Eastern Frankes or Lord of Francia Orientalis 356 2 Dagobert the sonne of Genebaldus who added the District of Triers unto his Estates 377 3 Clodovaeus or Ludovicus the sonne of Dagobert 398 4 Marcomir the sonne of Clodovaeus who extended his Dominion Eastwards towards Bavaria and Bohemia 402 5 Pharamund or Waramund the sonne of Marcomir the first of this line which took unto himself the title of King of the French on the assuming whereof aiming at matters of more importance he left Franconia or East-France with the Title of Duke to his brother Marcomir 419 6 Marcomir the brother of Pharamund 423 7 Prunmesser by some called Priamus the son of Marcomir 435 8 Genebaldus II. the son of Prunmesser 455 9 Sunno the son of Genebald the second 478 10 Clodomirus or Luitomarus the son of Sunno 515 11 Hygobaldus the son of Clodomir who became a Christian and added Wormes and Mentz unto his Estates 541 12 Helenus by some called Hermericus a Christian also who passing over the Rhene subdued that tract bordering betwixt Triers and Lorrain which the Dutch call Westerich 571 13 Gotofridus the son of Helenus a Christian also but not able to perswade his people to the same belief 595 14 Genebaldus III. the son of Gotofrede 615 15 Clodomir II. the son of Genebald the third 638 16 Heribert the Nephew of Clodomir the second 668 17 Clodovaeus or Clovis II. the Cousin-german of Heribert 680 18 Gosbertus the son of Clovis the second 706 19 Gosbertus II. the son of Gosbert the first 720 20 Hetavus the son of Gosbert the second the last Duke of Franconia of this line Who dying without issue male anno 740. bequeathed it at his death to Pepin who afterwards was King of France Father of Charles the great according to a former contract made between those Princes and Charles no sooner had it in his possession but he bestowed the greatest part of it on Burchard the first Bishop of Wurtzburg anno 752. made Bishop of that City by Boniface Arch-bishop of Mentz
the Cathedrall Church of Wurtzburg July 19. 1633. the Nobility and Gentry of the Countrey doing homage to him and all the Magistrates and Officers of the severall Cities taking the oaths of Allegiance the new Duke also making Oath that he would carefully maintain them in their rights and Priviledges In the solemnities of which day the first great Gun discharged in the way of triumph broke in the going off without any hurt done but the wounding of one souldier onely An omen that all this solemn Act would prove but a Pageant and break in pieces at the first giving fire unto it And so accordingly it did the victory at Norlingen which followed not long after this putting the Bishops once more into their possessions and leaving nothing to the new Duke but an hungry title And therefore leaving both the old and new Titular Dukes wee will here adde the Catalogue of those who were Dukes indeed and had together with the title the full possession of the Countrey DVKES of FRANCONIA of the DVTCH or GERMAN RACE 974 1 Conradus surnamed Salicus created Duke of Franconia by Otho the first whose daughter Luitgardis he had marryed after the death of Henry the second elected Emperour by the name of Conrade the second anno 1025. 1040 2 Henry the sonne of Conrade Duke of Franconia and Emperour by the name of Henry the third 1056 3 Henry II. of Franconia and IV. of the Empire 1106 4 Henry III. of Franconia and the V. of the Empire 1125 5 Frederick surnamed Barbarossa Duke of Schwaben Nephew of Frederick the Antient Duke of Swevia and of Agnes his wife the sister and next heir of Henry succeeded in the Empire after the death of Conrade the third his Uncle anno 1153. 1190 6 Frederick the second sonne of Barbarossa II. Duke of Franconia and Schwaben 7 Conrade II. brother of Frederick the second succeeded in both Estates 8 Philip the younger brother of Conrade succeeded in both Dukedomes after his decease and on the death of Henry the sixt his eldest brother was elected Emperour anno 1198. 1207 9 Frederick III. of Franconia and the V. of Suevia sonne of the Emperour Henry the sixt whom hee succeeded in the Kingdome of Naples and Sicil anno 1202. and on the death of Otho the fourth anno 1212. was elected Emperour of that name the second 1250 10 Conrade III. of Franconie the II. of Schwaben and the IV. of the Empire the son of Frederick the third whom he succeeded in al his Titles and Estates 1254 11 Conradine sonne of Conrade the third Duke of Franconia and Schwaben dispossessed of his Kingdomes of Naples and Sicil by Manfred the Base Brother of his Father and finally beheaded by Charles of Anjou who succeeded Manfred in those Kingdomes anno 1268. After whose death this royall house being quite extinguished the Bishops of Wurtzburg did again resume the title of Dukes of Franconia content to let some of the greater Lords and Prelates which lived neer unto him to share in the possession of it as before was noted 11. WIRTENBERG and 12. BADEN These I have joined together though distinct Estates because both of them taken out of the great Dukedome of Schwaben erected both aabout one time and lying very close in a round together bounded upon the East and South with the Schwaben properly so called on the North with the lower Palatinate on the West with the Rhene and that part of Schawben which is called brisgow parted asunder by the Mountainous ridge of hils called Schwartzwald Wirtenberg lying on the East side thereof and Baden betwixt it and the Rhene And first for WIRTENBERG the air thereof is very healthy neither too hot in Summer nor too cold in Winter the soil thereof near Swartzenwald lying on the West and the Alps of Swevia on the South of it self barren and unprofitable but in some places by the industrie of the Ploughman made to yeild good corn But in the middle parts thereof which lye towards the Neccar little inferiour for fruitfulnesse both of corn and wine unto any in Germanie besides some silver mines near Wiltberg and about Puellach a small Town such abundance of brasse that the Foundation of the houses seem to be laid upon it It took this name from the Castle of Wirtenberg the first seat of the Princes of it as that did from the Intuergi inhabiting the Dutch side of the Rhene or the Virthungi as Beatus Rhenanus thinketh mentioned by Trebellius Gellio in the life of Aurelianus to which the word Berg being added for a termination made it first Tuergin-berg or Virthung-berg and after Wirtenberg Places of most importance in it are 1 Stutgard the Dukes seat a fair rich and populous town and the chief of the Dukedome seated in a pleasant and fruitfull Plaine not farre from the Neccar yeilding a quantity of wine almost incredible 2 Tubingen on both sides of the Neccar united into one with a fair stone Bridge A Town well built situate in a very rich soil and finally adorned with an Universitie here founded by Eberhard the first Duke of Wirtenberg anno 1477. in which Leonarduâ— Fuchsius that great Herbarist and Restaurator of Physick was once a Professour of that Facultie 3 Constat upon the Neccar also not far from which on the top of an hill stands the old Castle of Wirtenberg before mentioned 4 Wietberg of great esteem for its Mines of silver 5 Archingen inhabited chiefly by Jews 6 Schorndorf upon the Reems much resorted to by reason of the hot baths there as is also 7 Nownburg on the Entz. 8 Heidenhein 9 Grieningen 10 Marbach of which little memorable There are also within the limits of this Dukedom many Towns Imperiall as 1 Wimpsen and 2 Haibrum on the Neccar 3 Gepping upon the river Vils 4 Weil 5 Reutling on the Neccar also made Imperiall by Frederick the 2. anno 1240. otherwise of no great note but for the Paper mils 6 Esling The first Inhabitants hereof were the Charitni of Ptolemie and part of the Intuergi spoken of before made subject with the rest of these parts to the Almains after to the French and finally a member of the great Dukedom of Schwaben From which dismembred in the time of Henry 4. after the dangerous war raised against him by Duke Rodolphus advanced by the practise of Pope Hildebrand to the Throne Imperiall it came to have Princes of its own the first Earl being Conrade in the year 1100 by the grace and favour of the said Emp. Henry Increased by the addition of the Earldom of Montbelguard and many other accrewments it was made a Dukedom in the person of Eberhard the 6. by Maximilian the 1. anno 1495. The Earls and Dukes whereof follow thus in order The EARLS and DUKES of WIRTENBERG 1 Conrade the first Earl 2 Vlrick son of Conrade 3 John son of Vlrick 4 Lewis son of John 5 Henry son of Lewis 6 Eberhard son of Henry 7 Vlrick II. son of
in their own language doe call themselves Zechians After his death the State relapsed again into a confused Anarchie till the yeer 670. at what time not respecting the Progeny of Zechius the founder of their Common-wealth and first estate they fastned upon Crocus a man of good esteem amongst them and elected him to be their Duke Crocus vir justus magnae apud Bohemos opinionis Princeps electus est as Bertholdus telleth us Crocus being dead the Bohemians elected Libussa his youngest daughter and of her government soon wearied they made choice of Primislaus for their Prince and made him husband to Libussa A man taken from the Plough as their stories tell us to espouse the Princesse it being ordered and agreâ—â— on by her many Suiters that he whosoever he was before whom an horse purposely let loose did first make a stand should be the Husband of the Lady and have the government of the State The Horse first makes a stand before Primislaus being then at plough having perhaps some Mare in his Teeme and he accordingly is received and admitted their Prince These with the other Dukes from the time of Crocus the first Legislator of the Bohemians take in order thus The DUKES of BOHEMIA 1 Crocus the Law-giver or Lycurgus of Bohemia 2 Libussa youngest daughter to Crocus with Primislaus her husband a second Quinctius Founder of Prague 3 Neramislaus sonne of Primislaus and Libussa 4 Mnoatha one of the sonnes of Neramislaus Cotemporary with Charls the Great 5 Voricius sonne of Mnatha 6 Wenceslaus 7 Bela. 8 Nastricius sonne of Bela. 9 Bozzivoius the first Christian Prince of the Bohemians Contemporarie with the Emperour Arnulph 10 Sbitignaeus sonne to Bozzivoius 11 Vladislaus brother to Sbitignaeus 12 Wenceslaus II. surnamed the Saint slaine by his brother Boleslaus 13 Boleslaus a wicked and ungodly Prince 14 Boleslaus II. sonne of the former a great advancer of Christianty amongst hiâ— people 15 Boleslaus III. one of the sonnes of Boleslaus the second 16 Jaromir sonne to Boleslaus the third 17 Vdalricus brother of Boleslaus the third and Uncle of Jaromir 18 Predislaus sonne to Vdalricus 19 Sbitignaeus II. sonne to Predislaus 1061 20 Vratislaus brother of Sbitignaeus whom for his manifold deferts the Emperour Henry the 4. created the first King of Bohemia anno 1608. whose Successors take thus out of Bertholdus and Dubravius The KINGS and DUKES of BOHEMIA A. Ch. 1086 1 Vratislaus the brother of Spitignaeus Duke of Bohemia was by Henry the 4. at Metz created King 2 Conrade brother to Vratislaus notwithstanding that his brother had 3 sons was elected Duke of Bohemia 3 Brecislaus son to Vratislaus the two sons of Conrade being rejected is by the Bohemians chosen Duke 1100 4 Borivorius the 4. son of Brecislaus is chosen by the Bohemians his eldest brothers then all living 1109 5 Sutopulcus Cousin german to Borivorius by the consent and favour of the people deposed Borivorius and caused himself to be elected in his place 6 Vladislaus II. brother to Borivorius preferred by the people to the throne before Otho the brother and Henry the son of Sutopulcus the last Prince 7 Sobeslaus brother to Vladislaus promoted to the State before the sonne of Vladislaus 1159 8 Vladislaus III. son of Vladislaus the 2. the four sons of Sobeslaus omitted is chosen and crowned the second King of Bohemia by Frederick the Emperour but deposed by the States because he was not by them formerly elected according to their priviledges and customs 9 Vldericus the third son of Sobeslaus his elder brethren yet living was by the people elected in the room of Vladislaus and his son Frederick whom the Emperour Frederick had by force established in the throne 10 Sobeslaus II. second son to Sobeslaus was by Frederick above named expelled and he also by the Bohemians 11 Conrade Grandchild to Otho the brother of Sutopulcus elected by the Bohemiam in place of Frederick between which two Princes there was continuall war 12 Wenceslaus Uncle unto Conrade and son of Otho aforesaid was preferred before many nearer the succession Him Primislaus expelled but fearing his return quitted Prague 13 Henry Bishop of Prague a stranger to the bloud was by a generall consent elected Duke 14 Vladislaus IV. brother to Primislaus the son of Wenceslaus being put by succeeded Henry and soon after resigned 1199 15 Primislaus elected by the Bohemians and by the Emperour Philip crowned the 3. King of Bohemia at Mentz was brother to Vladiâ—laus the 4. 1248 16 Ottocarus notwithstanding that Winceslaus his elder brother had been crowned in his Fathers life time was acknowledged King He was slain in battle by Rodolphus the Emperour 1278 17 Wencesâ—aus II. son to Ottocarus 1284 18 Wenceslaus III. sonne to Wenceslaus the last of the Bohemian Princes of the masculine race 1304 19 Rodolphus son to the Emperour Albertus is by the potencie of his Father and the election of the States seated on the Throne being otherwise a stranger to the bloud-royall of Bohemia 1305 20 Henry Duke of Carinthia husband to Anne the second daughter of Wenceslaus the 2. is chosen by the Bohemians but being weary of his Government they elect John Earl of Luxenbourg Finally Henry was murdered by one of his Nephews 1311 21 John Earl of Luxenbourg sonne to Henry the 7. Emperour and husband to Elizabeth youngest daughter to Wenceslaus the 2. is elected the Lady Anne yet living 1346 22 Charls sonne to John and Emperour of that name the 4. the Author of the Golden Bull. 1362 23 Wenceslaus IV. Emperour also in whose time the troubles of the Hussites and the valour of Zisca was famous 1418 24 Sigismund brother to Wenceslaus maketh himself King by force and at his death commendeth Albertus Duke of Austria the huband of his daughter Elizabeth unto the States of the Kingdom 1437 25 Albertus Duke of Austria elected upon the commendation of Sigismund by the Bohemian Lords 1440 26 Ladislaus son to Albert who being the brother of two sisters commended yet one George Pogibrachius unto the States as fittest to succeed him 1458 27 George Pogibrachius neither by affinity or consanguinity of the bloud succeeded And he though he had three sons yet for the benefit of his Country he advised the Nobles after his death to elect their King from Poland 1471 28 Ladislaus II. son to Casimire King of Polvnd and to Elizabeth the younger daughter of Albert Duke of Austria the issue of Anne the elder sister still living elected King of Bohemia 1516 29 Ludovicus son to Ladislaus elected and crowned by the means of his Father then living King of Hungary also 1526 30 Ferdinand Archduke of Austria brother to Charls the 5. and husband to Anne sister to Ludovicus by his letters reversall acknowledged that he was chosen King of Bohemia not of any right but of meer free-will according to the liberties of that Kingdome 1565 31 Maximilian eldest son of Ferdinand was in his Fathers life time and at his
suit elected King anno 1540. into which he actually succeeded on his Fathers death 1575 32 Rodolphus Emperour of Germanie and eldest son to Maximilian elected King 1608 33 Matthias brother to Rodolphus was at the joint suit of them both nominated and appointed King of Bohemia by the generall consent of the States during his brothers life time anno viz. 1608. which denomination they both protest in their letters reversall should not be to the prejudice of the liberties and ancient customs of that kingdom 1618 34 Ferdinand II. Archduke of Austria of the house of Grats was by Matthias adopted for his son and declared Successour to the Crown of Bohemia but never formally and legally elected for which cause amongst others he was by the States rejected in like case as Vladislaus the 3. had formerly been 1619 35 Frederick Electour Palatine the strongest German Prince of the Calvinists and most potent by his great alliances was elected King of Bohemia and crowned at Prague together with his wife on the 5 day of November This Prince derived his descent from the Lady Sophia sister to Ladislaus the 2. King of Poland and Bohemia and married Elizabeth daughter to James King of Great Britain and Anne of Denmark which Anne descended from the Lady Anno daughter of Albertus of Austria and elder sister to Elizabeth mother to Ladislaus the 2. above named from whom the claim of Austria is derived 1621 35 Ferdinand III. son of Ferdinand the 2. elected King of Bohemia during the life both of his Father and of Frederick the Prince Electâ—ur also after whose death he succeeded in this kingdome both in right and fact King of Hungarie also Archduke of Austria and Emperour of Germanie now living anno 1648. more moderate in his Counsels then his Father Ferdinand and more inclinable to peace though honoured with a more signall victorie against the Swedes in the battell of Norlingen then his Father was in all his life which the Conclusions made at Munster are sufficient proof of Of the Revenues Arms and other things which concern this Kingdom we shall speak hereafter when we have took a view of the rest of the Provinces which are incorporated into it 2 MORAVIA is bounded on the East with Hungarie on the West with Bohemia on the North with Silesia and on the South with the lower Austria and the river Teia fenced on the West by the Woods and Mountains of Bohemia parts of the Hireynian Forrest on the North by some spurs or branches of it called Ascibuâ—gius by Ptolemie on the two other sides open like an half moon or semi-circle The most fruitfull place of corn in all Germanie and hath no small store of Frankincense which contrarie to the nature of it groweth not on a tree but out of the earth and that too which addes much to the miracle if Dubravius do report it rightly in the shape and figure of those parts which men and women do most endevour to conceal The former inhabitants of this Province were the Marcomanni and part of the Quadi against whom when M. Antonius the Emperour made war he had unawares run himself into such a straight that his army was environed with Mountains one way and enemies the other To this as calamities seldom go alone was added the extraordinary heat and drought then being To the Emperor thus put to his plunges came the Captain of his Guard telling him that he had in his army a legion of Christians Melitens he calleth them which by prayer to their own God could obtain any thing The Emperour sendeth for them desiring them to make supplication for the Army which they did and God almighty that never turneth a deaf ear to the prayers of his servants when they are either for his glory the Churches or their own good scattered and vanquished the Quadi with thundershot and artillery from heaven and refreshed the faint and dying Romans with many a gentle and pleasing showre This miracle purchased to that legion the surname of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. the thunderer and induced the Emperour to honour men of that holy profession and to make an end of the fourth persecution A. Ch. 174. Thus Xiphilinus hath it in his Dion which coming from the pen of an Heathen as his Author was is of more credit in a matter of such concernment un to Christianity then if it had proceeded from Socrates Sozomen or any other Ecclesiasticall Writer Places of most note herein are 1 Olmunts on the River Marck or Mora the chief town of the Countrie and a small Universitie near which out of the hill Odenberg bordering on Silesia springeth the great river of Odera whose course we have before described 2 Brinn on the river Schwats the seat of the ancient Marquesses 3 Radisch and 4 Cremser both upon the Marck or Mora. 5 Zwaim on the Teia 6 Niclasberg Mons Nicolai in the Latine bordering on the Lower Austria 7 Iglaw 8 Newberg 9 Weiskorchem 10 Boserlitz of which little memorable 11 Gradisco near to which and to this place onely the Frankincense is found to grow in the shape and forme before mentioned The old Inhabitants hereof as before is said were the Marcomanni and the Quadi after them that Tribe or Nation of the Sclaves who from their habitation on the river Mora called themselves Moravians and the Country which they dwelt in by the name of Moravia the Dutch call it Merheren Extended at that time over all the Lower Austria to the banks of the Danow on the South and as far as to the river Tibiscusâ— over spreading a great part of the Vppet Hungarie towards the East Governed at the first by their own Kings the first whose name occurs being Raslai in the time of the Emperour Lewis the Godly by whom taken Prisoner and his Realm made Tributarie to the Empire After him succeeded Harmodurus and then Suantopulcus in whose time the Moravians and other Nations of the Sclaves received the Gospel by the preaching of Cyril and Methodius two Grecian Doctours officiating all divine services in the Sclavonian or vulgar Language For which being after called in question by one of the Popes they reâ—â—rned no other answer then this and enough in that Omnis Spiritus laudet Dominum It is written that every thing which hath breath should praise the Lord. Suantobegius son to Suantopuleus succeeded next deposed or rather beaten out of his Countrie by the Emperour Arnulph for denying the accustomed tribute A Prince of great spirit and of as great command having at one time under him not Moravia only according to the largest limits but Silesia Bohemia and Polonia also Arnulph not able otherwise to effect his purpose called in the Hungarians though at that time Pagans by whose help the Moravian was subdued and his Kingdom shattered into pieces seised on by the Hungarians Poles and other Nations and finally reduced to the present limits Afterwards it was made a Marquisate but by whom we finde
of the pleasure of Hunting afforded very liberally in the Forrests and Woods adjoining drawing hither the Nobilitie and Gentrie in great abundance 3 Esen on the Sea shore which gives the title of an Earl to the Lord thereof as doth also 4 Jevere situate on the West of the River Jada but both Earls subject to the Earl of East-Friseland 5 Vredeburg that is to say the Free Village so called from some Immunities granted by the Earls possessed a while by those of Brunswick who fenced and garrisoned it for themselves but in the end recovered by Ezard the 2. Earl 6 Broick the seat and proper Government of the Ancestors of these Earls from whence the parts adjoining are called Broickmerland 7 Norden another Praefecture or Captain-ship of the said Ancestors 8 Dunort a strong Castle and retiring place of the Earls 9 Linghen upon the Ems a strong town well fortified and as well garrisoned belonging to the King of Spain as Vicar to the Empire over all Friseland even to Ditmersh and the confines of Danemark A dignitie procured by Maximilian Grandfather to Charls the 5. of the Emperour Frederick the 3. in right whereof the King of Spain as heir of the House of Burgundie hath some preheminence over Emden of little use to him since the falling off of the Belgick Provinces More towns of note I find not in it but of Castles stately dwelling houses and well built Villages an incredible number standing so thick that in many places they join together some of them being withall so large so well peopled and of streets so spacious that they may compare with many Cities in Germanie of the which the most City-like is named Leere The ancient Inhabitants hereof were the Chauci Minores described by Plinie to be so barbarous a people and so destitute of all necessarie provision for the life of man that they had no drinke but rain water preserved in great troughs before the doors of their Cottages These outed or subdued by the Frisons a neighbouring people possessing North-Holland the District of Vtrecht with the Countries of Groyning and West-Friseland who having once passed over the Ems extended their Dominions as far as Danemark Governed by Kings but intermingled with and overpowered by the Saxons till the time of Charls the Great by whom the last King Roboald overcome in fight was perswaded to receive the Sacrament of holy Baptisme But being told that his friends and kinsfolks were in hell because no Christians Neither will I said he be of that profession for I love to be amongst my kindred After this Friseland was a Member of the French kingdom till the erecting of the Earldom of Holland by Charls the Bald anno 893. at which time all Friseland on the West side of the Ems was conferred upon him possessed but not with out much war and bloudshed by his Successours the Frisons ever and anon rebelling against them and killing divers of them in the open field Those parts of it on the other side of the Ems remained unto the German Empire governed by Deputies Lieutenants and Provinciall Earls accomptable to the Emperours for their Administration till the year 1453 in which Vlrick Governor hereof for the Emperor Frederick having got the Town of Emden out of the hands of the Hamburgers was made Earl of East-Friseland transmitting the Estate and title unto his posterity EARLS of EAST-FRISELAND 1453 1 Vlrieus son of Enno the son of Ezardus Captains or Governours for the Empire in Broick and Norden made the first Earl of East-Friseland by the Emperour Frederick 1466 2 Ezard the son of Vlrick who got Vreburg from the Citizens of Brunswick 1528 3 Enno the son of Ezard who regained Greetzil formerly usurped by the Dukes of Guelders 1540 4 Ezard II. sonne of Enno who married Katharine daughter to Gustavus the first of Sweden 5 Enno II. son of Ezard the 2. and the Lady Katharine 1586 6 Rudolphus Christianus son of Enno the 2. who being well affected to the Lutheran formes first introduced in the time of Enno the 1. was by a Calvinian partie grown up in Emden dispossessed of that Citie anno 1592. 1608 7 Enno Ludovicus son of Rudolphus Christianus succeeded in this Earldom on the death of his Father and is still living for ought I can hear unto the contrary The Arms of the Earls of East-Friseland are Azure Semi of Billets Argent 2 Lyons Or. 2. The Earldom of OLDENBOVRG containeth that part of this Country which lyeth on the West side of the Weser betwixt the Bishoprick of Munster and East-Friseland specially so called and so extending Northwards to the German Ocean So called from Oldenbourg the chief Citie of it and the head of this Earldom The soil hereof exceeding rich but in pastures specially which breed them in time Herds of Cattel and furnish not this Country only but some of their German neighbours and many of the more Northern Nations with Horses Beeves Sheep Swine Butter Cheese Here is also good store of Pulse Barley and Oats plenty of fruits and trees of all sorts Large woods and those well stored with Venison which yeeld unto the Gentry the delights of hunting But the air cold and foggie in some extremitie especially in Winter and near the Sea Chief towns hereof are 1 Oldenborch on the River Honta repaired if not built by Otho the Great who founded the Church of S. John Baptist A town of no great state or beautie the houses generally of clay but the Castle the dwelling place of the Earls of well hewn stones of an Orbicular form with deep ditches of water the Town and Castle both being strongly fortified 2 Delmenhorst on the river Dehm a strong place and of great importance built in the year 1247. by Otho brother of Earl Christian the 2. and having been 65 years in possession of the Bishops of Munster was suddenly surprised on Palm Sunday morning by Anthony Earl of Oldenburg anno 1547. continuing ever since part of this estate 3 Beck-husen on a River which falleth not far off into the great Bay or Arm of the Sea which is called Die Jade 4 Eâ—uarten 5 Ovelgard both seated in a long Languet or Demy-Iland betwixt the said Die Jade and the River Weser called Butiada both taken and the last well fortified by John Earl of Oldenborch anno 1520. belonging formerly to the Prefecture of East Friseland but never brought under the command of the Earls thereof 6 Westerberg the chief town of a spaâ—ious territorie 7 Vrieiade a strong piece on the river Jade built by Earl Christiern one of the younger branches of the house of Oldenburg about the year 1400. 8 Mellum 9 Jadele places of principall importance the one on the river Jade the other near the Ocean Here is also within this Earldom the Province of Amerlander supposed by some to have been the seat of the Ambrones who accompanyed the Cimbri and Teutones in their expedition towards the Roman Provinces and were slain by
Marius As for the Earls of Oldenburg they derive themselves from Walpert one of the Nephews of Witikindus the last King and first Duke of the Saxons who having built a strong Castle on the borders of Bremen in honour of his wife Alteburg whom hedearly loved called it Alteburgum so called by the Latinists to this day by the Germans Oldenborch about the year 850. But his male issue failing in Frederick the 7. Earl it came to one Elimar the son of Haio a Noble man of the Frisian bloud who had married Richsa the daughter of John the fift Earl of this Familie From him in a direct line descended Christian or Christiern eldest son of Theodorick who being fortunately advanced to the Crown of Danemark anno 1448. lest his estate in this Earldome but reserving the title according to the fashion of Germanie to his brother Gerrard the better to take him off from his pretentions to the Dukedom of Sleswick and the Earldom of Holst in which he did pretend a share The Patrimonie of it much improved by the addition of the Countries of Rustingen Oystingen and Wanger land all lying on the German Sea bequeathed by the last will and testament of the Lady Marie Countesse of Jevere in East Friseland to John Earl of Oldenburg the third from Gerrard The Succession of these Earls in regard the Royall line of Danemark and by consequence of Great Britain is descended from them I have here subjoined in this ensuing Catalogue of The EARLS of OLDENBOVRG 850 1 Walpert of the race of Witikind the first Earl of Oldenburg 856 2 Theodorick the son of Walpert 3 Theodorick II. son of Theodorick the 1. 4 Otho son of Theodorick the 2. 5 John the son of Otho accompanied the Emperour Henry the 2. in his wars against the Greeks and Saracens anno 1007. 6 Huno surnamed the Glorious son of John 7 Frederick son of Huno fortunate in his wars against the Frisians the last of the male line of this house 8 Elimarus the son of Haio a Noble man of the Frisian bloud and of Richsa his wife the daughter of John the fift Earl 1120 9 Elimarus II. the son of Elimar the 1. 10 Christianus son of Elimar the 2. surnamed the Couragious or the Warlike a professed enemy of Henry the Lyon Duke of Saxonie from whom he tooke the Citie of Breme 11 Maurice the son of Christian an associate of Arnulph Earl of Holstein in his wars with Danemark 12 Christian II. son of Maurice 13 John II. son of Christian the 2. 14 John III. son of John the 2. 15 Courade the son of John the 3. 16 Christian III. son of Conrade a student in Colen where initiated into holy Orders which he relinquished much against the will of his brother Maurice on the death of his Father 17 Theodorick son of Christian the 3. the first Farl of Delmenhorst of this line which fell to him by the death of Nicholas Archbishop of Breme descended from a younger son of John the 2. 1440 18 Christian IV. son of Theodorick and of Heduigis sister and heir of Gerrard and Adolphus Dukes of Sleswick and Earls of Holstein elected on the commendation of his Uncle Adolphus to the Crown of Danemark anno 1448. 1448 19 Gerrard the brother of Christian the 4. a Prince of an unquiet spirit alwayes in wars and alwayes worsted he lost the Town of Delmenhorst to the Bishop of Munster 1500 20 John IV. son of Gerrard repaired the ruines of his Estate and setled the distractions of it in the time of his Father being then in exile and after very much enlarged it by the reduction of Butiada 1526 21 Antonie the son of John the 4. by a sudden surprise recovered Dâ—lmenhorst from the Bishop of Munster anno 1547. which he strongly fortified 1573 22 John V. son of Antonie enlarged this Earldome with the Provinces of Fustingen Oystingen and Wangerland bequeathed to him by the last will of the Countene of Jevere in East Friseland 23 Anthome II. brother of John the 5. in whose life time he was Earl of Delmenhorst and after his death of Oldenburg also still living anno 1649. for ought I can learn unto the contrary And thus we see the present estate of Germanie distracted and divided amongst many Princes Prelates and Incorporate Towns the chief of which are herein mentioned and described But besides these there are many others of lesse note and smaller Territories which yet are absolute and free insomuch that in one dayes riding a Traveller may twice or thrice meet with divers lawes and divers coins every free Prince and free Citie whose laws the Emperours are sworn to keep inviolable having power to make what lawes and coin what money they will And hence in the censure of Kingdoms the King of Spain is said to be Rex hominum because of his Subjects reasonable obedience the King of France Rex Asinorum because of their infinite taxes and impositions the King of England Rex Diabolorum because of his Subjects often insurrections against and depositions of their Princes but the Emperour of Germanie is called Rex Regum because there is such a number of Reguli or Free Princes which live under his command or rather at their owne command for they do even what they list as the Emperour Maximilian the first well noted And to say truth the publick Government hereof is nothing lesse then Monarchicall the Emperour being accompted amongst the Princes but as the chief Officer of the Empire not reckoned of by Bodin and others of our great Statists and Civilians as an absolute Monarch such as the Kings of England France and Spain are confessed to be For the priviledges of the Free Cities being made perpetuall the great Estates hereditarie and the Empire eligible the Emperours were brought at last to such low condition as to be made accomptable to the States of the Empire who if they be perswaded in their consciences or but think they be so that he is likely by his mal-administration to destroy the Empire or that he will not hearkâ—n unto good advise ab Electorum Collegio Caesarea majesâ—aâ—â— privari potest as my Author hath it he may be deprived by the Electors and a more sit and able man chosen into the place and that too as the Emperour Jodocus Barbatus hath declared in one of his Constitutions anno 1410 sine infidelitatis vel Rebelliâ—nis crimine without incurring the crimes of treason or disloyaltie So that the supreme power and majestie of the Empire seems to reside especially and contractedly in the Electorall Colledge diffusedly in the Imperial Diets by way of execution in the Chamber of Spires and other the supreme Courts of the severall Circles But that which makes that 〈◊〉 which they call the Empire is the Assembly of the Prelates Princes and Commissioners of the Free Cities in their Diets or Parliaments the Emperour presiding in them whom he that saw adorned in his roall Râ—bes with the
have accompanied the Vandals in their on-fals into Gaul and Spain Of any expedition of theirs crosse the Baltick seas neâ—gry quidem nothing to be found in more antient Authors We must therefore reserve the originall of this people either to the Suiones or the Suethidi or perhaps to both both being antiently setled in these Northern Regions Of the Suiones wee read in the booke of Tacitus inscribed De Moribus Germanorum by whom reported to be strong in men armour and shipping and that they were inhabitants of Scandia appeares by two circumstances in that Authour 1 That the people were not permitted to weare weapons quia subitos hostium incursus prohibet Oceanus because the Ocean was to them a sufficient Rampart which could not be affirmed of the antient Suevians but agreeth very well with the situation of this present Countrey defended by the baltick and vast Northern Ocean from the sudden assaults of any enemy 2. Because the Sea which hemmed in that people was conceived to be the utmost bound of the World trans Suiones 〈◊〉 quo cingi claudique terrarum orbis fines as his words there are which wee know to hold good of this Countrey Adde unto these this passage of the old Annals of the Emperour Lewis the second where it is told us of the Danes 〈◊〉 patria apud Suiones exulabant that they were banished into the countrey of the Suâ—ones which cannot so well be understood of any place as of this Sweden being next neighbour unto Denmark And 4 that this people both by Munster and Crantzius are as well called Suiones as Suâ—â—i or Sueâ—i which sheweth what they conceived of their true Originall Then for the Suethans or the 〈◊〉 whom Jornandes speaks of in his book Deâ—ebus Gâ—ticiâ— they are by him placed in the Isle of Scandia for such this great 〈◊〉 was esteeâ—ed to be by most antient writers Now that these Suethidi are no other then the present Suethlanders appeareth 1. by the propinquity of the names 2 In that he maketh the Finni and Finnaithae the next neighbours to them and 3 in that they are affirmed by the same Authour to have furnished the Romans with rich Furs and the skins oâ— wilde Beasts with which commodities this countrey is aboundantly well stored Now to which of these two Nations either the Suiones or the Suethidi those of Sweden are most endebted for their originall will I conceive be no great controversie the Suethans and Suethidi of Jornandes being no other then a tribe of the Suiones though the greatest and most powerfull of all those triles placed therefore in the front to command the rest and so most like to give the name unto the whole Their government was antiently under Kings affirmed so to be by Tacitus who telleth us also that they were absolute and free nullis exceptionibus non precario jure regnandi not bound in Câ—venant with their people nor holding their Estates at the will of the Subject But their Historians have gone for Antiquity hereof beyond the story of Brute or the Trojan warre beyond which very few of that strain have dared to pretend as high as unto Magog the son of Japhet reigning here within 90 years after the flood But letting passe these dreams and dotages of the Monkish times certain it is that sometimes they were under the Danes sometimes under the Norwegians sometimes had distinct Kings of their owne and finally sometimes were comprehended with the Danes and Norwegians under the generall name of Normans conducted by one King or Captain upon forain actions Omitting therefore the succession of their former kings of whose very being there is cause to make great question we will begin our Catalogue of them with Jermanicus who entertained Harald King of Denmark and his brother Regenfride driven out of that kingdome by Gottricus or Godfrey the Contemporary of Charlemagne of whose successours Munster giveth us more certainty The KINGS of SWEDEN 1 Jermanicus 2 Frotho 3 Herotus 4 Sorlus 5 Biornus 6 Wichsertus 7 Ericus 8 Ostenus 9 Sturbiornus 10 Ericus II. 11 Olaus 12 Edmundus 13 Stinkalis 14 Halsienus 15 Animander 16 Aquinus 17 Magnus 1150 18 Sherco 13. 1160 19 Carolus 8. 1168 20 Canutus 54. 1222 21 Ericus III. 27. 1249 22 Bingerius 2. 1251 23 Waldemarus 26. 1277 24 Mognus II. 13. 1290 25 Birgerius II. 23. 1313 26 Magnus III. son to Ericus the brother of Byrgerius was also chosen King of Norwey 1326 27 Magnus IV. King of Sweden and Norwey which last he gave in his life time to Hayvin or Aquinus his second son and after the death of Ericus his eldest son his designed successour in this Crown was outed of this kingdome by the practise of 1463 28 Albert Duke of Mecklenburg son of Euphemia the sister of Magnus the fourth to the prejudice of Aquinus king of Denmark and Norwey made King of Sweden on that quarrell vanquished by Margaret Queen of Denmark and Norwey widow of Aquinus anno 1387. to whom desirous of liberty he resigned his Kingdom and dyed in his own countrey anno 1407. 1387 29 Margaret Queen of Denmark Sweden and Norwey the Semiramis of Germany having united the three Kingdomes under her command caused an Act of State to be passed in Colmar a chiefe town of Swethland for the perpetuation of this union unto her successours the Lawes and Priviledges of each Kingdome continuing as before they were 1411 30 Ericus IV. Duke of Pomeren adopted by Margaret of whose sister Ingelburgis he was descended was in her life time chosen King of the three Kingdomes into which he succeeds actually after her decease but outed of them all by a strong faction raised against him anno 1439. he dyed in a private estate in Pomeren anno 1559. 1439 31 Christopher Count Palatine and Duke of Bavier in title only son of the Lady Margaret sister of Ericus succeeded in all three Kingdomes After whose death the Swethlanders being weary of the Danish Government broke the agreement made at Colmar for the uniting of the three Kingdomes under one Prince and chose one Carolus Caâ—utus to be their King anno 1448. 1448 32 Carolus Canutus one of the meanest of the Nobility and not long pleasing to the great ones whose displeasure when he had incurred and feared the consequents thereof hee gathereth together all the treasure he could fled unto Dantzick and there ended his dayes 1455 33 Christiern King of Denmark and Norwey called in by a party of the Swedes and crowned King of Swethland but outed againe under colour that he had not kept conditions with them the kingdome governed after that for a time by Marshals 1458 34 John King of Denmark and Norwey the sonne of Christiern received king by the Swedes then overpowered by the Muscovite but their turne being served they expelled him againe returning to their former government under Marshals Of which Marshals descended from Steno Stur the Uncle of Carolus Canutus by his Mothers side there were three in
number viz. Steno 2 Suanto and 3 Steno Stur the second of which the two first dyed naturall deaths and the last being by Christiern the second slaine in battell this kingdom was again possessed by the Danes 1519 35 Christiern II. King of all three kingdome used his victory so cruelly here and his subjects so insolently at home that here he was outed by Gustavus Ericus and driven out of Denmark by his Uncle Frederick 1523 36 Gustavus Ericus descended from the antient race of the kings of Sweden having vanquished and expelled the Danes was on the merit of that action chosen king of Swethland which still continueth in his house 1561 37 Ericus V. sonne to Gustavus 8. 1569 38 John II. brother of Ericus marryed Catharine the sister of Sigismund the second king of Poland 1593 39 Sigismund the sonne of John the second in the life time of his Father chosen king of Poland anno 1586. but was dispossessed of the Crown of Sweden after a long warre by his Uncle Charles 1607 40 Charles II. Duke of Suderman the youngest son of Gustavus Ericus and brother of John and Eric the two former Kings first governed here as Viceroy for his Nephew Sigismund but having an aime upon the Crowne to which he found the Lutherans not very favourable hee raised up a Calvinian partie within that Realm according to whose principles he began first to with draw his obedience from his naturall Prince and afterwards to assume the Government to himselfe speeding so well in his designe that after a long war he forced his Nephew to desist from all further enterprises and made himself king anno 1607. 1611 41 Gustavus Adolphus sonne of Charles having setled his affaires in Sweden and made peace with the king of Denmarke with whom his father was in warre at the time of his death fell first upon his Cousin Sigismund the King of â—oland from whom hee tooke many places of importance in Prussia and Livonia and in pursuance of that warre was made Knight of the Garter Afterwards having setled a truce with him hee passed into Germanie then in great danger of being absolutely inthralled to the house of Ausiria In which hee prospered so beyond all expectation that in one yeare hee passed over the â—lb the Rhâ—ne and the Danow which no Conquerour ever did before and having twice vanquished the Imperialists led by Tiâ—y and restored many of the German Princes unto their estates was in the current of his victories slaine in the battell of Lutzen Novemb. 1632. his body royally conveyed to Swethland and there interred 1632 42 Christina sole daughter of Gustavus of the age of seven yeares acknowledged Queen of Sweden the estate governed by the Counsails of the Nobility After a long warre with variable successe in Germanie they came at last to this Accord in the treaty of Munster that shee and her successours Kings and Queens of Swethland should peaceably enjoy all the Higher Pomeren with the Isles of Rugia Wollm and the Towne of Stetin in Lower Pomerland the Towne and Port of Wismar in the Dukedome of Mecklenburg and the whole Bishoprick of Bremen and Verden and the Prefecture of the Towne of Wilchusen with the title of Dukes of Bremâ—n Pomeren and Verden Princes of Rugia and Lorde of Wismar and by those titles have a place as Princes of the Empire in all Diets and Assemblies which concerne the publick By which agreement if it hold the Swedes have not onely got a good footing in Germanie a strong influence upon all the Counsels of the Empire a dore open for more forces if occasion bee and a free passage into the Western Ocean which before they wanted but may in time prove absolute Masters of the Baltick sea and make the Hamburgers those of Lubeck and possibly the Kings of Denmark and the Empire it selfe be at their devotion But leaving these things to the doubtfull issue of contingencie let us next looke upon the forces and Revenues of the Crowne of Sweden before the time of Gustavus Adolphus or as hee found it at his succession to that Crowne For though the Swedes pretend their Kingdome to be elective especially since the failing of the Royall line in Magnus the fourth and Albâ—rt of Mecklenbourg yet still the eldest son or next heir succeedeth unlesse put by by faction and strong hand as in the case of Sigismund and his Uncle Charles Which Charles so ordered his affaires that having engaged the kingdome in a warre agains his Nephew hee was sollicited at the last to accept of the Crowne to which he would by no meanes yeeld till a Law was made for the entailing of the same for ever unto his posterity whether male or female as an Hereditary Crown But whether Hereditary or Elective the King once setled in the Throne is an absolute Monarch having not onely power to levie taxes on his subjects as hee seeth occasion as five six seven eight dollars or more yearely upon every housholder according to the Proportion of his estate but also to grant a certaine number of Paisants unto such as hee meanes to favour to bee as 〈◊〉 and vaâ—sals to him according to his well deserving And whereas in the constitution of this Government every Parish hath a Landsman or Consul to decide the controversies of the same as every Territorie hath its Vicount and each Province his Lamen there lyeth an Appeal from the Landâ—man unto the Vicount and from the Vicount to the Lamen who if they bee supposed not to judge uprightly then the Appeale lies unto the Counsell and from the Counsell of Estate to the King himselfe in whom is fixed the Soveraignty and DERNIER RESORT and not unto the King and Counsell as before in Denmark The Forces of this King are either by Sea or Land By Sea hee is Commander wholly of Bodner and hath a great power in all the rest of the Baltick being able to set out 70 good Men of Warre as John the second did in the yeare 1578. seven of which were good Gallions and all the rest did carry above 50 cast peeces of all sorts besides many other good Vessels fit for service And if a Navie of this size will not serve the turne hee is not onely furnished with timber cordage and all other necessaries for the building of Ships and with good store of Ordinance and Ammunition for present use but is able to raise upon a sudden 6000 Mariners and upon little warning as many more all which hee entertaineth at no other charges in a manner then to finde them victuals insomuch as John the second before mentioned did use to say that that which cost the King of Spaine a Million of Crownes cost not him 10000 Dollars For his Land-forces they may best be estimated by the Trained Bands as wee may call them in every Province there being in all 3â— Vexillâ—s or Ensignes of Foot constantly trained and mustered in the severall Provinces each Vexille comprehending 600 or 700 men
abandoned the title of King only and used that of Prince or Duke 1003 20 Boleslaus III. son of Vladislaus 1140 21 Vladislaus II. son of Boleslaus the third outed by his Brethren and at last estated in Silesia united formerly to Poland from the time of Lechus 1146 22 Boleslaus IV. brother of Vladislaus the second 1174 23 Miecislaus III. brother of Boleslaus and Vladislaus deposed by his brother Casimir 1178 24 Casimir II. brother of the three last Princes 1195 25 Lescus V. son of Casimir the second deposed by Miecislaus the third 1203 26 Vladislaus III. son of Miecislaus the third deposed by Lescus the fift who again seised on the Estate 1243 27 Boleslaus V. surnamed Pudicus 1280 28 Lescus VI. surnamed Niger the adopted son of Boleslaus and his Cousen German once removed after whose death anno 1289. the estate being distracted into many fations was for some time without a Prince setled at last on 1295 29 Primislaus surnamed Postbumus who againe assumed the name of King continued ever since by his successours 1296 30 Vladislaus surnamed Locticus brother of Lescus Niger outed by Wenceslaus King of Bohemia anno 1300. after whose death anno 1306. he resumed the estate 1333 31 Casimir III. surnamed the Great son of Vladislaus the fourth the first establisher of the kingdom after all those troublesd yed without issue 1371 32 Lewis king of Hungary son of Charles King of Hungary by Elizabeth the sister of Casimir 1383 33 Heduigis the youngest daughter of Lewis her elder sister Mary succeeding in the Realm of Hungary chosen Queen of Poland marryed to Jagello Duke of Lituania Christened and called Vladislaus the fift 1386 34 Valdislaus V. Duke of Lituania elected King upon his marriage with Queene Heduigis 1435 35 Vladislaus VI. son of Jagello or Vladislaus the fift by Sephia daughter of the Duke of Kiovia He was King of Hungary also slaine at the battell of Varna by Amurath the second King of the Turkes without issue 1447 36 Casimir IV. brother of Vladislaus first brought the Knights of Prussia under his command Knight of the order of Garter 1493 37 John Albert the second sonne of Casimir his elder Brother Vladislaus being pretermitted on his accepting of the Crowns of Hungarie and Bohemia 1502 38 Alexander the third son of Casimir 1507 39 Sigismund the fourth sonne of Casimir his elder Brethren dying without issue suppressed the Order of the Dutch Knights in Prussia and added part thereof unto his estate 1548 40 Sigismund II. surnamed Augustus the last of the male issue of Jagello 1574 41 Henry Duke of Aniou son of Henry the second French King chosen on the death of Sigismund Augustus the onely Stranger to the bloud in all this Catalogue On the death of his brother Charles the ninth he departed secretly into France where he succeeded by the name of Henry the third 1579 42 Stephen Bathor Vaivod of Transylvania having marryed Anne sister of Sigismund the second is elected King he united Livonia to the Crown and had a great hand upon the Moscovite 1587 43 Sigismund III. son of John King of Swethland and Catharine his wife another of the sisters of Sigismund the second King of Poland and Sweden He valiautly opposed Osman the Great Turke invading his Dominions with an Army 300000. 1633 44 Vladislaus VII eldest son of Sigismund the third after whose death the kingdom was extremely embroyled by factions especially by the mutinous and seditious Cosaques not fully setled by the election of 1648 45 Casimir V. Brother of Vladislaus the seventh now king of Poland anno 1648. The Government of this kingdome is nothing lesse then Monarchicall For though the first Dukes hereof were absolute Princes and ruled after a Despoticall manner having power not onely of the estates of their subjects but of life and death without formalities of Law yet when they once became elective they lost much of that power which decayed so by little and little that at the last the King is counted little better then a Royall shadow Stat magni nominis umbra in the Poets language A diminution which began first in the times of Lewis of Hungarie and Jagello of Lituania who to gaine the succession to the kingdome contrary to Law the one for his daughter the other for his sonne departed with many of their Royalties and Prerogatives to buy the voices of the Nobility Since which time the Nobilitie in all their elections have so limited and restrained the Kings authority and enlarged their own that without their consent in Counsell he may neither make war nor treat of peace nor impose taxes nor alienate any of his Demeanes nor do any thing of importance which concernes the Publick in so much as Boterus a great Statesman doth expressely say that the Government of Poland doth rather seem an Aristoratie then a Monarchie a Common-wealth rather then a Kingdome Besides the King not onely takes a solemn Oath at his Coronation to confirme all the rights and Priviledges which have been granted to the Subject by his Predecessours but addes this clause quod si Sacramentum meum violavero incolae Regni nullam nobis obedientiam praestare tenebuntur that if he violate this Oath his Subjects shall not be obliged to yeeld him any obedience Which as Bodinus well observeth doth rather savour of the condition of a Prince of the Senate then of the Majestie of a King respected accordingly by the great ones who looke not on him as their King but their elder Brother or perhaps not that and reckon his Decrees but of three dayes lasting Which notwithstanding the King once chosen and inthroned hath sole power in many things without consulting with the Senate as viz. in assembling Diets choosing the secular Counsellers disposing absolutely of his Vassals and the Revenues of the Crown to what use he pleaseth being â—ole Judge of the Nobility in Criminall causes which is a strong bridle to raine them in with By which and either uniting himself unto the Clergy or the well-forming of his party amongst the Noâ—â—lity hee may doe many things not allowable in strictnesse of Law the power and influence which he hath in the publick Government being proportionable to the strength of his wit and Brain And here it is to be observed that none but the Clergie and Nobilitie have any suffrage in the election of the King that is to say the 26 Palatines and 60 Chastellans with the four Marshals and some others of the principall Officers of State in behalf of the Nobility and the Archbâ—shops and Bishops in the name of the Clergie but of the Commons none at all Which is the reason why there is so much care taken to preserve the priviledges of the two first Orders without obtaining any immuties for reliefe of the third most miserably oppressed on all sides rather as Bondmen then Tenants in respect of their Lords and not so much subjects as plain slaves in regard of the King whereof somewhat
King of Macedonia Anicius the Praetor is sent with a sufficient Army to make an end of that work Who used such diligence therein that Scordra the chief town of the Kingdome was taken and the King himselfe together with his wife and children made Prisoners by consequence the whole war ended antequam geri Romae nunciaretur before they knew at Rome that it was begun The Liburnians after this became quiet subjects the whole Countrey on taking of the Gentius being made a Province of the Romans anno V. C. 586. employed at Rome in many servile offices as before was said but them the Dalmatians began to cast off the yoke But Dalminium their chiefe City being first sacked by Martius Figulus and after by Nasica before mentioned they continued quiet and obedient till the time of Augustus Caesar when they againe rebelled at the instigation of one Batto a man very potent with the people who having ten years together maintained the liberty of his countrey at last broken and wearied by the forces of Germanicus and Tiberius he submitted himselfe unto the two Generals who asking the reason of his revolt were answered because the Romans sent not shepheards to keep but wolves to devoure their flockes Thus finally conquered it continued a Roman Province till the coming of Odoacer into Italy who brought it under his command as the Gothes also did having vanquished him and thereby made themselves Masters of Italy and the rest of his purchases But the kingdome of the Gothes being brought to an end by the good fortune of Justinian and the valour of Belisarius and Narses two of his Commanders but very ill requited by him Illyricum became a part of the Eastern Empire continuing under the power of the Grecian Emperours till the time of Phocas that bloudy Tyrant when made a prey unto the Sclaves Of these though we have spoken before in severall places as their fortunes and affaires have led us yet being this is the onely countrey which preserves their name we will here speake more exactly of them then we have done hitherto especially as to their manners name and first Originall and finally of their successes in this countrey And first for their Originall I take it for a thing past question that they were no other then naturall Sarmatians inhabiting on the North of the River Ister uniting themselves under this name in their undertakings and attempts on the Eastern Empire as the many Nations of Germany tooke the name of Frankes and Almans in their actions and achievements against the Western But why they took this name rather then another is not yet agreed on Some fetch the originall of it from Slowo which in the Sclavonian tongue signifieth a Speech or word because they were all of one common language others from Slawa signifying in that language Fame or Glory in regard of that great fame and honour which they had achieved by their successes on the Empire But when I finde a potent Nation of the Winithi Winuli or Vendi a Sarmatian people called Sclavini by Jornandes possessed in his time of the further shores of the River Ister opposite to Illyricum and Thrace and by that name wasting and forraging these Provinces and other parts of that Empire in the time of Justinian as we read in Procopius that they did I see no reason why wee should looke further for the name of Sclaves then from these Sclavini For having in the time of Phocâ— subdued this Countrey and called it Sclavinia or Sclavonia after their own name by that and other fortunate successes on the Eastern Empire and the honour they had thereby gotten they might very well induce the rest of the scattered tribes of the Sarmatians to unite together with them both in name and action and try their fortunes in the conquest of the West of Europe as these had done already on the East parts of it In which designe they sped so well that they became Masters of almost all those countreys which lie betwixt the River Vistula and the Euxine Sea the Adriatick and the Baltick communicating their language unto all the Provinces and Nations conquered by them and to most their manners rites and customs Their Government at first by Kings but so that the succession seldom held in a Race or Family and those that had the Throne did not long enjoy it For having a Law amongst themselves that hee who killed a Tyrant should succeed in his place they had few Kings whom some or other would not vote to be a Tyrant and then dispatch him out of the way that a greater Tyrant then himselfe as it commonly happeneth in such cases might possesse the Power Insomuch that they had a new king almost every year none of them for the space of an hundred yeares dying naturall deaths and all that while the People as it needs must be most miserably torn in peâ—ces by intestine wars Not cured of this distemper till the severall Tribes and Nations of them as Poles Moravians Bohemians these here and those of other Countries had their severall Princes succeeding one another in a Regular way Their Religion Gentilism at the first for being originally Heathens they worshipped such Gods as others of the Gentiles did Jessan for Jupiter Ladon for Pluto Marzim for Mars Zievane for Venus and Nian for Diana They had also a Goddesse called Pagode to whom they prayed for fair weather and a temperate Air. To their children they used to give no name till they began to grow great and then conducted them to the Temple of their Gods where they cut off their first hair and offered it as a pledge of their future service at which solemnity they called together their friends and kinsfolk to make merry with bankets dancing singing and all kinde of sports offering in sacrifice an Hog and wine mixed with honey somewhat like Metheglin But to returne unto the story the Sclaves thus setled in this countrey since called Sclavonia continued absolute Masters of it under the Title of Kings of Croatia and Dalmatia till the yeare 970. when growing unsufferable by their frequent Piracies and having ravished or surprized a company of Venetian Ladies they forced that State as the Liburnians did the Romans to make warre upon them Which ended in the losse of Lezina and Curzela two of their best Islands and almost all the Sea townes on the Coast of the Adriatick possessed for the most part since that time by the State of Venice a tribute also of 100 Barrels of Wine and a present to the Duke of 3000 Coney-skins being laid upon them Petro Vrseola being then Duke of Venice and Marcomir king of the Sclavonians Afterwards Zelamirus the last king dying without issue bequeathed the kingdome to his wife and she as freely to her brother Ladislaus king of Hungarie surnamed the Saint the right hereof accrewing by this means to the kings of Hungary but the possession of a great part of it remaining to the State of
and inhabit it together with them The town well seated in the middle of a pleasant Plain encompassed with an handsome wall and beautified with elegant buildings 8 Alba Julia now Weisenberg the Apulum of Ptolemie situate on a small brook then called Apnus but now Oratas whence it had the name Built on the side of an Hill near the River Maruch or Morusus over-looking a large and fruitfull Plain heretofore a Bishops See and the ordinary residence of the Prince or Vaivod of Transylvania but now a Garrison of Hungarian Souldiers holding it for the Emperour as King of Hungarie Chief towns belonging to the Hungarians and by them inhabited are 1 Varadin much mentioned in the stories of these later times since the Invasions of the Turks situate on the borders of Hungarie 2 Thorda built in or near the place where stood the Salinae of Ptolemie so called from the abundance of Salt-pits which were then about it 3 Enguedine by the Romans called Annium from a Causey leading to it raised by one Anuius and from him so named some fragments whereof are still remaining 4 Deva remarkable for a vein of the best Wines 5 Fenuschium affording very pleasant wines also not inferior to those of Vâ—nusium in Italie 6 Zilahi 7 Gela of which little memorable 8 Millenbach not far from which betwixt it and the Town of Bros is a very strong fortresse commanding a strait and narrow passage leading into this Countrie out of Hungarie In the North part hereof lyeth the Province called ZACVLEIA inhabited by the Scyculi or old brood of Seythians brought hither by Attila on his first conquest of this Countrie and here still continuing A people which have much in them of the ancient Hunn and had heretofore a peculiar language to themselves but now they speak the Hungarian generally differing in the Dialect only But though by the necessity of commerce and co-habitation they are brought into the same language they still retain their ancient customs governed by their own Laws and living after the same manner as the Switzers doe each of their Cantons seven in number being absolute in and of it self but all united with the Transylvanians and with one another for defence of the whole Country against the severall pretentions of the German and Turkish Emperours And though they doe acknowledge some subjection to the Emperour as King of Hungarie yet it is but what they list themselves being anciently priviledged from all taxes more then the paying of a Bull for every houshold at the Coronation of the new King when and how oft soever it may chance to happen Their Cantâ—ns Seds they call them are 1 Sepsâ— 2 Orbay 3 Kisdy 4 Czyk 5 Gyrgio or Vduarheli 6 Marous Zeek and 7 Aranias Zeek so called from the chief town in each division In former times no Nobleman nor any one of better means and greater eminence then other was known amongst them but now of late that parity or confusion rather is grown out of credit and some begin to over-top the rest both in power and title as in other places The first Inhabitants of the old Dacia whereof this Province was a part were the Anarti Taurisci Rhatacensii Cancoensii the Burredensii and Biephi c. first conquered by Lysimachus the great and mightie King of Thrace one of the renowned Captains of Alexander the Great in token whereof innumerable medals in the age of our Grand-fathers were found in this Countrie having his Image on the one side and this word Victoria on the other How they were afterwards subdued by the Emperour Trajan and quitted by Aurelianus hath been shewn already Being forsaken by the Romans it was won by the Goths their constant dwelling till forced over the Danow by the Hunnus the next possessours of this Countrie the road or thorow-fare from that time of those barbarous Nations which out of Asia made their inroads on the Europaeans Having been successively subdued by the Sclaves and Rosses this part hereof was conquered by Stephen the first King of Hungarie surnamed the Saint by whose perswasion and inducements they received the Gospell Governed after this time as a member of that Kingdome by a Deputie whom they called the Vaivod of Transylvania the word Vaivod signifying as much as Praefectus Militiae or a Lord Lieutenant a man by reason of the greatnesse of his place and power of most authoritie in that Kingdome The names and succession of these Vaivods till the time of John Huniades comes imperfectly to us but after that more clear and constant in this order following The VAIVODS and PRINCES of TRANSYLVANIA 1 John surnamed Huniades made Vaivod hereof by Vladislaus the 4. A man of great valour and renown the great Defender of his Country against the Turks whom he overthrew in many battels especially in that of Marous where he slew 50000 of them He died about the year 1458. 2 Stephen of the noble familie of Battori Vaivod in the time of Matthias King of Hungarie the son of Huniades 3 John II. surnamed de Sepusio after the death of Lewis the 2. chosen King of Hungarie of whom before 1526 4 Americus Bishop of Veradium made Vaivod by John de Sepusio on his taking of the Crowne of Hungarie treacherously murdered for not complying with the Turks anno 1534. 1540 5 Stephen Maysat a noble Hungarian but extremely ambitious having not long after the death of Americus usurped the Vaivodship was in the year 1540 confirmed in that dignitie 1541 6 Stephen III. son of John de Sepusio the late King of Hungarie by Solyman the Magnificent made Vaivod of Transylvania being then an Infant by whom deprived of his Kingdome of Hungarie not long before 7 Stephen IV. surnamed Battori made Vaivod by the Turk and afterwards on the commendation of Amurath the 3. chosen King of Poland 1575 8 Christopher Battori brother of Stephen on whose election unto Poland he succeeded here and was the first who leaving the title of Vaivod took that of Prince of Transylvania 9 Sigismund son of Christopher shook off the Turkish bondage defeated many of their Armies and slew some of their Bassas the Scanderberg of the times he lived in But not being able to hold out against so potent an adversarie he resigned his estate to Rodolphus the Emperour having for it in exchange the Dukedoms of Oppelen and Ratibor in Silesia and an annuall pension of 50000 Joachims But finding his pension ill paid he made a new resignation of it to 1599 10 Andrew Battori cousin of Sigismund slain within the year by the Vaivod of Valachia After whose death 1601 11 Rodolphus Emperour and King of Hungarie is admitted Prince of Transylvania on the second resignation of Sigismund But his Souldiers behaving themselves with too great insolence Sigismund was called back again but never well setled 1604 12 Justine Battori surnamed Botscay succeeded on the death of Sigismumd by the power of the Turkes by whose help he cleared the Country of the German
in a Dungeon where by chance espying a Fox devouring a dead body he caught hold of her tail The Fox running away guided Aristomenes after till the straitnesse of the hole by which he went out made him leave his hold and fall to scraping with his nails which exercise he never left till he had made the hole passable and so escaped and having a while upheld his falling Country dyed in Rhodes The third warre was like drops after a tempest In which the Messenians being finally subdued were forced to abandon their Country or become slaves unto the Spartans who put them to all drudgeries and servile works as they did the Helots whom they accounted as their bondmen and to this life some of them did apply themselves with such obsequiousnesse that at last it grew into a Proverb Messena servilior that such a one was more servile or more slavishly used then these poore Messenians But the greatest part of them not brooking that heavy yoke passed into Sicil and there built the Citie of Messana Others were planted in Naupactum by the State of Athens the rest dispersed up and down in all parts of Greece few of them left in their own Countrie till Epaminondas having vanquished the Lacedaemonias at the battell of Leuctres restored them to their ancient possessions 4 ARCADIA hath on the East Laconia on the West Elis and Messene on the North Achaia propria and on the South the Sea This Country took its name from Arcas the son of Jupiter and Calisto but was formerly called Pelasgia the people whereof thought themselves more ancient then the Moon Orta prius Luna de se si creditur ipsi Amagno tellus Arcade nomen habet The land of which great Areas took its name Was ere the Moon if we will credit Fame The chief Cities are 1 Mantinea nigh unto which the Theban Army consisting of 30000 foot and 3000 horse routed the Army of the Spartans and Athenians consisting of 25000 foot and 2000 horse In this battell Epaminondas that famous Leader received his deaths wounds and not long after dyed At his last gasp one of his friends bemoaning his untimely death Alas said he thou diest Epaminondas and leavest behinde thee no children Nay replyed he two daughters will I leave behind me the victory of Leuctra and this other at Mantinea It was afterwards called Antigonia in honour of Antigonus Tutor or Protector of Philip the father of Perseus King of Macedon but by command of the Emperour Adrian restored to its old name again and is now called Mantegna 2 Megalopolis the birth-place of Polybius that excellent Historian The one half of it had sometimes the name of Orestia from the lodging of Oresies in it the whole now called Leontari on what cause I know not 3 Phialia towards the Sea 4 Psophis so called from Psophis one of the sons of Lycaon once King of this Countrie slain by Jupiter 5 Stymphalus situate near a Lake and River of the same name where Hercules slew the Stymphalian birds so great in number and in body that they darkened the sun-beams and terribly infested this little Province till driven thence by Hercules Here was also in this town a Temple dedicated to Minerva from hence called Stymphalida 6 Tegea famous for the Temple of Pan here worshipped and from hence called Tegaeus more for the war made upon the Tegeates or people hereof by the Lacedaemonians who thinking themselves assured of victorie brought with them store of chains and fetters wherewith to lead captive their conquered Enemies but being overcome in battell were themselves bound with them and forced as slaves to till the grounds of these Tegeates Here is also in this Countrie the River Styx whose water for the poisonous taste was called the water of Hell by which Poets fain that the Gods used to swear as may be every where observed and that what God soever swore by Styx falsly he was banished from heaven and prohibited Nectar for a 1000 years This Country for the fitnesse of it for pasturage and grazing hath made it the subject of many worthy and witty discourses especially that of Sir Philip Sidney of whom I cannot but make honourable mention a book which besides its excellent language rare contrivances and delectable stories hath in it all the strains of Poesie comprehendeth the universall art of speaking and to them which can discern and will observe affordeth notable rules for demeanour both private and publick Which noble Gentleman as he may worthily be called the English Heliodore so the Ingenious Author of the History of Melintus and Ariana may as deservedly be called the French Sidney 5 LACONIA is bounded on the West with Arcadia on the East and South with the Sea on the North with Argolis Called first Lelegia from the Leleges by Strabo said to be the first Inhabitants of it afterwards Oebalia from Oebalus a King of Lacedaemon and finally Laconia of the Lacones who succeeded the Leleges in the possession hereof on their removall into the Islands of the lesser Asia â— is by some Writers also called Hecatompolis from the number of an hundred Cities which it once had in it The soil hereof exceeding rich and the fields very spatious yet for the most part not well tilled in regard of the many hils and Mountainets which overthwart it Well watered with the River Eurotas and memorable for many fair Bayes and Promontories of which the principall are the Promontories of Malea and Taenaria now called Cabo Malio and Cabo Matapan and of the Bayes that called Golfo di Colochina the Sinus Laconicus of the ancients into which the River Eurotas now better known by the name of Vasilo Potamo or the Kingly River poures his gentle streams The nature of the people we shall finde in Sparta Places of most observation in it 1 Leuctres sitnaâ—e on the Sea-side near the Bay of Messeni of which name were two others in Greece the one in Arcadia the other in Achaia but this last most memorable 2 Amyclae so called from Amyelas the third King of Sparta by whom first founded renowned afterwards for the birth of Castor and Pollux the sons of Tyndarus and of good note for being the foundresse of the Citie of Amyclae in Calabria Superior at first a Colonie of this 3 Thulana nigh to which is the Lake of Lerna where Hercules slew the Monster Hydra and not far off Mount Taenarus neer the Pr 〈◊〉 Taenaria in which the Natives shew a Cave beleeved in former times to be the descent into Hell out of which the Poets fain that Cerberus was dragged by Hercules 4 Salassia where Antigâ—nus vanquished Cleomenes the last King of Sparta 5 Epidaurus seated on the Bay named Golfo di Napoh now called Malvasia a town well built and very well peopled remarkable for the sweet Wines called Malvesey or Malmesey sent from hence into all other parts in great abundance 6 Sparta so called from Sparta the son or brother of Phoroneus
truth it was a most famous University from whose great Cistern the Conduit-pipes of learning were dispersed over all the World Yet did not learning so effeminate or soften the hearts of the People but that 3 this one City yeelded more famous Captaines then any in the World besides not excepting Rome Miltiades Aristides Themistocles Cimon Pericles Alcibiades Phocion and divers others of great name Who though they were the men that both defended and enlarged this Common-wealth yet were the people so ungratefull to them or they so unfortunate in the end that they either dyed abroad in banishment or by some violent death at home Themistocles the Champion of Greece died an exile in Persia Phocion was slaine by the people Demosthenes made himself away by poison Pericles many times indangered Theseus their Founder first deposed and then despitefully imprisoned Aristides Alcihiades Nicius c. banished for ten years by Ostracism A form of punishment so called because the name of the partie banished was writ on an Oyster-shell and onely used toward such who either began to grow too popular or potent among the men of service Which device allowable in a Democratie where the overmuch powerablenesse of one might hazard the liberty of all was exercised in spight oftner then desert A Countrey-fellow meeting by chance with Aristides desired him to write Aristides in his shell and being asked whether the man whose banishment he desired had ever wronged him replyed No he was onely sorry to heare folke call him a good man We finde the like unfortunate end to most of the Romans so redoubted in warre Coriolanus was exiled Camillus confined to Ardea Scipio murdered with divers others onely because their virtue had lifted them above the pitch of ordinary men Ventidius was disgraced by Antony Agricola poysoned with the privity of Domitian Corbulo murdered by the command of Nero all able men yet living in an age wherein it was not lawfull to be valiant In later times it so hapned to Gonsalvo the Great Captain who having conquered the kingdome of Naples driven the French beyond the mountains and brought all the Italian Potentates to stand at the Spaniards devotion was by his Master called home where hee lived obscurely though honoured after his decease with a solemne Funerall Worse fared the Guise and Biron in France worse Essex and Dudley of Northumberland with us in England Neither will I omit William Duke of Suffolk who having served 34 yeares in our warres with France and for 17 yeares together never coming home at his return was quarrelled and basely murdered It were almost an impiety to be silent of Joab the bravest souldier and most fortunate Leader that ever fought the Lords battells and yet he died at the hornes of the Altar Whether it be that such men be born under an unhappy Planet or that Courtiers and such as have best opportunity to indeere men of warre unto their Soveraignes know not the way of commending their great deserts or that Envy the common Foe to vertue be an hinderance to it I am not able to determine And yet it may be that Princes naturally are distrustfull of men of Action and are not willing to make them greater whose name is great enough already And it may be the fault is in the souldiers themselves by an unseasonable overvaluing of their own performances as if the Prince or State were not able to reward or prize them which was the cause of the death of Silius in the time of Tiberiue concerning which Tacitus giveth us this good note that over-merit in great Subjects is exceeding dangerous and begets hate in stead of favours Eeneficia eo usque loet a sunt dum videntur exolvi posse Vbi multum anteverterunt pro gratia edium redditur saith that wise Historian But to look back againe on Athens it was first built by Cecrops the first King thereof governed by him and his posterity with no lower title for 400 yeares as is apparent by this following Catalogue of The KINGS of ATHENS A. M. 2394 1 Cecrops who first made Jupiter a God and ordained sacrifices to be offered to him as Pausanias writeth 2444 2 Cranaus outed of his Kingdome by 2453 3 Amphictyon the son of Deucalion and Uncle to that Amphictyon who first instituted the supreme Court of the Amphictyones or Common-Councell of all Greece 2463 4 Fricthonius the son of Vulcan 2513 5 Pandion the Father of Progne and Philomela so famous in the old Poets of whom more hereafter 2553 6 Eriâ—hthous whose daughter Orithya was ravished by Boreas King of Thrace 2603 7 Cecrops Il. brother of Erichtheus 2643 8 Pandion Il. son of Erichtheus 2668 9 Aegeus son of Pandion the second of whom the Aegean sea took name 2706 10 Theseus the son of Aegeus and Companion of Hercules vanquished the Minotaure in Crete collected the people of Attica into a body and incorporated them into the City of Athens which he had beautified and enlarged 2746 11 Mnestheus the son of Peteus Grandchild of Erichtheus served with the other Greeke Princes at the war of Troy 2769 12 Demophoon the son of Theseus restored unto his Fathers throne on the death of Maestheus 2802 13 Oxyntes son or brother of Demophoon 2814 14 Aphydas son of Oxyntes slaine by his brother 2815 15 Thymades the last of the line of Erichtheus 2823 16 Melanthius of Messene driven out of his own Kingdome by the Heraclide obtained that of Athens 2860 17 Codrus the son of Melanthius the last King of Athens who in the warres against the Pelopennesians having Intelligence by an Oracle that his Enemies should have the victory if they did not kill the Athenian King attired himselfe like a common Begger entred the Pelopennâ—sian Camp and there played such prancks that at the last they were fain to kill him Which when the Enemy understood they thought themselves by this meanes deprived of all hopes of successe and so broke up their Army and departed homewards For this the people of Athens did so honour his memory that they thought no man worthy to succeed as King and therefore committed the managing of the Estate to Governours for term of life whom they called Archontes the first Archon being Medon the son of Codrus not differing from the former Kings in point of power but only in the manner of their admission the former kings claiming the government by succession in right of bloud and these Archontes holding by election onely whose names here follow in this list of The perpetuall ARCHONTES in the STATE of ATHENS A. M. 2882 1 Medon the son of Codrus 2902 2 Acastus the son of Medon 2938 3 Archippus the son of Acasius 2957 4 Thersippus the son of Archippus 2998 5 Pherbas the son of Thersippus 3029 6 Megacles the son of Phorbas 3059 7 Diogenetus the son of Megacles 3087 8 Phereclus the son of Diogenetus 3106 9 Aritthon the son of Phereclus 3126 10 Thespieus in whose time began the Kingdom of
wonted manner by mine Authour Lugentur Puerperia natique deflentur funera contra festa sunt veluti sacra cantu lusuque celebrantur A peece of such sound and Orthodox Divinity that I wonder how they hit upon it in these times of darknesse and savouring very much of the Primitive piety by which the Obits of the Saints were kept as Festivals no notice being taken of the day of their births According to that of the good old Writer Non nativitatem sed mortem Sanctorum Ecclesia pretiosam festam judicat Here lived the Tyrant Polymnestor who villaniously murdered Polydorus a younger sonne of Priamus for which fact Hecuba the young Princes mother scratched him to death Here also lived the Tyrant Tereus of whom before in Phocis and Diomedes who using to feed his Horses with mans flesh was slaine by Hercules and cast unto his horses And finally here reigned King Corys whom I mention not as a Tyrant but propose as a pattern of rare temper both in mastering and preventing passion For when a neighbour Prince had sent him a present of Glasses of the purest metall and no lesse accurate in the workmanship or fashion of them having dispatched the messenger with all the due complements of Majesty and gratitude he broke them all to peaces lest it by mishap any of his servants should doe the like he might be stirred to an intemperate choler Chief mountaines in this countrey besides Haemus spoken of already are I Rhodepe the highest next Mount Haemus in those parts of the World craggy and rough the top whereof continually white with snow memorable for the fate and fable of Orpheus who in a melancholy humour having lost his wife betooke himselfe unto these mountaines where with his Musick he affected both Woods and Beasts who are said to have danced unto his Musick from this place of his abode called Rhodopeius from his countrey Thracius Non me Carminibus vincet nec Thracius Orpheus c. as the Shepheard boasteth in the Poet. The truth is that he was a man of an heavenly Muse and by his dictates and good Counsell laid down in verse first of all civilized this people and weaned them by degrees from their bestiality Hence the occasion of the Fable But for Mount Rhodope it selse it is in the midst of this Countrey thwarting it from Mount Haemus towards the West which with the spurres and branches of it and the plaines adjoining lying betwixt the River Nessus on the West and Melas or Niger on the East made up the Province of the Empire called Rhodope by the name of the Mountaine 2. Pangoeus rich in Mines of Silver 3 Melapus shooting towards the Sea full of rocks and cliffes and 4 Orbelus lying towards Macedon where there is a little Region from hence called Orbelia Principall Rivers hereof besides Strymon spoken of before the boundary in some places betwixt this and Macedon are 1 Nessus by the Grecians now called Mestro by the Turkes Charajon which rising out of Mount Haemus falleth into the Sea near the Isle of Thassus 2 Athyras in which name the memory of Thyras the sonne of Japhet seemes to be preserved which rising in Mount Hemus also loseth it selfe in the Propontick as doth 3 Bathynias another river rising from the same Mount Hemus 4 Hebrus the most noted River of this countrey rising out of Mount Rhodope and falling into the Aegean neer the Isle of Sanothrace a river of so flow a course that it is not easie to discerne which way it goeth but memorable in the Poets for the fate of Orpheus who being torn in peaces by the Thracian women had his limbes thrown into it by those Furies 5 Thrarus good against the scab both in man and Beast issuing out of 30 Fountaines some hot some cold with the pleasantnesse of whose waters Darius the King of Persia was so delighted that he erected a pillar in honour of it The chief Towns 1 Abdera now called Polystilo situate not far from the fall of the River Nessus into the Aegean the birth place of Democritus who spent his whole life in laughing at the follies of others 2 Potidea of old a Colonie of Athens from whom it revolted and submitted to the State of Corinth But the Athenians not enduring the affront beleaguered it and after two yeares siege and the expence of 2000 Talents could not recover it againe but on composition 3 Adnus on the Aegean Sea a town of great strength and safety and therefore used by the later Constantinopolitan Emperours for the securing of great persons For hither Michael Palaeilogus sent Jathatines the Turkish Sultan flying to him for aid and hither Mahomet the Great sent Demetrius Prince of Peloponnesus when he yeelded up his countrey to him both under colour of providing for their ease and safety but in plain terms to keep them in honourable Prisons 4 Lyssmachia on the Sea-shore once of great importance built by Lysimachus who after Alexanders death laid hands on this Countrey afterwards garrisoned by Philip the Father of Perseus on the withdrawing of whose Forces for some other service it was taken and razed to the ground by the barbarous Thracians and all the people of it carried into captivity but by Antiochus the Great re-edified and new peopled again moved thereunto by the convenient situation and former glories of the place 5 Philippolis so called from Philip King of Macedon the father of Alexander who built and fortified it as a bridle to hold in the Thraeians called also Trimontium from three hils on which it was situate beautified in the time of the Romans with a goodly Amphitheatre continuing entire and whole till these latter days and might have lasted longer by many Ages did not the Turks dayly take away the stairs thereof which are all of marble to make money of them Here are also many other antient Monuments though the town be much wasted and destroyed the Scythians at one time killing in it above 100000 persons which notwithstanding it is populous and well frequented by reason of the convenient situation of it on the River Hebrus which they now call Mariza 6 Trajanopolis so called from the Emperour Trajan by whom either founded or repaired indifferently well peopled and still preserving its old name 7. Selimbria on the coast of the Propontick Sea beautified with a commodious port for receipt of small vessells and many Bayes adjoyning capable of greater by Ptolemy called Selibria and Olibria by Suidas 8 Apollonia upon Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea now Sisopoli 9 Phinopolis on the same Sea also 10 Nicopolis at the foot of the Mount Haemus there being another of that name neer the River Nessus 11 Perinthus on the Propontick sea near the influx of the River Arsus A town of great note in the antient businesses of Greece of great strength and peopled formerly with men of such resolutions that they maintained their liberty against Philip of Macedon after almost all the rest
4 Miletum mentioned by Strabo though omitted by Ptolemie the place in which S. Paul left Trophimus sick as is mentioned 2 Tim. 4. 20. which happened when the Apostle hovered about that coast as is said Act. 27. 7 8. c. For that it could not be that Miletum to which he congregated the Elders of Ephesus appeareth by his being at Hierusalem Act. 21. 19. and other circumstances of the story 3 Cortyna nigh to which stood the Labyrinth made by Daedalus memorable also for a reed growing on the River Lenaeus necre to which it stood of which they made their strongest Arrowes by Virgil Aeneid 11. called Spicula Cortynia as also for a light garment much used by Hunters which Claudian calls Cortyniam vestem apparelling Diana the great Huntresse with it 6 Dictamum as Ptolemie or Dictynna as Pliny cals it so named from the hill Dicte near to which it is situate one of the chief Cities of the North parts of this Island as 7 Ampelas so named from its plenty of vines was upon the South 8 Minoa a Port town now called Altomara so named from Minos in the East and 9 Corytus on a Promontorie of the same name in the West side of it But these and almost all the rest spoken of by Ptolemie being so destroyed by time and warres that the ruines of them are hardly visible we must behold it in the present condition and estate thereof divided into four parts or Provinces according to the names and number of the four chief Cities that is to say 1 Sittia 2 Candie 3 Rhetimum and 4 Canea In the first part called SITTIA lying towards the East are 74 Villages and but 17 Parishes of which six onely are of the Church of Rome the residue holding the Communion of the Church of Greece the principall whereof are 1 Sittia or Cytia conceived by some to be the Cisteum of Ptolemie a small Town but populous and very well fortified 2 Gerapetra betwixt Sittia and Candie seated on the Sea side on a lofty rock at the bottom whereof is said to be a dangerous whirl-pit supposed to be the Panormus of Ptolemie 3 S. Macor the dwelling place of one of the Bishops of the Latines 2 In the second part hereof called the Territory of CANDIE lying directly West of Sittia are reckoned 465 Townes and Villages making up amongst them 99 Parish Churches whereof 77 are of the Communion of the Church of Greece the other 22 onely of the Church of Rome Of these the principall 1 Candia an Archbishops See the Metropolis or head City of the Island which takes name from hence situate on the North-coast hereof towards the Aegean beautified with a safe and commodious Haven and fortified so strongly that it seems impregnable affirmed by some to be the Matium of the Antients but I find no such place in Ptolemie or in Ortelius his Thesaurus The City fair and large built for the most part of free stone with low roofes after the manner of Italy the streets broad and spacious from whence a faire and pleasant plain leadeth to a place called the Cave of Minos reported by the common people to be the Sepulchre of Jupiter 2 Malvisin 3 Themene Castell novo 5 Bonifacio 6 Belvedere 7 Mirabello of which little memorable 3 In the third part being the territorie of RHETIMO lying North-west of the territorie of Cantie are accounted 265 Townes and Villages making up 44 Parishes whereof 36 are Grecians and but 8 of the Latines The chief of which are 1 Rhetimo in the shore of the Northern Sea as 〈◊〉 is well fortified and a Bishops See but not else observable 2 Milopotamo an Episcopall See also so called of the River Mâ—lipotamos on which it is seated 3 Agistiman 4 Mandrus 5 Lappa hardly worth the naming 4 In the fourth and last part hereof being the territorie of CANEA taking up all the West of the Island are contained 240 Towns and Villages distributed into 47 Parishes of which 33 are of the Greek Church and the 14 remaining of the Church of Rome Those of most note are 1 Canea built by a Colonie or Plantation of Venetian Gentlemen on the North Coast also supposed to stand in the same place where once Cydon did second to none but Candie for wealth and beautie but far before it for the commodiousnesse of the port commonly called Porto della Suda capable of more then a thousand good Gallies at a time and therefore strongly fortified with two Citadels or Castles on each side of the Haven one as the door and entrance of the countrey 2 Chisamo in Latine called Cysamum old and decayed the wals thereof onely holding good against the ruines of time situate in a low moorish place towards the Aegean 3 Selino built upon an hill on the Seaside opposite to Chisame 4 Sfachia or Spachia situate on the foot of the mountaines of old called Leuci now della Spachia from this town unwalled but fortified with a Castle built for a place of refuge against the incursions of such Pirates as annoied the Coasts in which the Governour for this part hath his chief aboad By which account it will appear that in the whole Island are no more then 1044 Townes and Villages 207 Parish Churches of which there be but 48 which are accompted Members of the Church of Rome the residue 159 in number retaining their Communion with the Church of Greece As for the story of this Island wee can ascend as high as the times of Saturn for his Antiquity affirmed to be the sonne of Uranus and Vesta or of Heaven and Earth who better favoured by his mother obtained the Kingdome of Crete his elder brother Titan being quite excluded Here-upon wars arising betwixt the Brethren it was ordered thus that Saturn for his own life should enjoy the Kingdome which after his decease should return to the Titans and for performance of this contract the sonnes of Saturn to be strangled assoone as born But Cybele the wife of Saturn unawares to her husband preserved first Jupiter and after others of her sonnes which comming to the knowledge of Titan and his sons they made war against Saturn but in conclusion were subdued by the aid of Jupiter whence grew the Fable of the Titans warring against the Gods Saturn and Jupiter his son being after reckoned in that number The Titans being vanquished a new war arose betwixt Saturn and Jupiter occasioned onely as many unnaturall warres since these times have been by fears and jealousies which ended at the last in the flight of Saturn Jupiter became sole King of Crete reigning there in great power and honour till the time of his death and dying was interred at Gnossus with this inscription or Epitaph in old Greek letters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Jupiter the son of Saturn After his death worshipped by the blinde Gentiles as the chief of their Gods and honored frequently with the title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
his Sister to Pharnaces a noble Persian who had saved him from the fury of a ravenous Lion running upon him with full mouth as he was a hunting A noble loyalty and no lesse royally rewarded From him descended Ariarathes King hereof in the time of Alexander the Great continuing stedfast in his duty to the Crown of Persia when almost all the rest of the Kings of Asia yielded to the Enemy Nor did Alexander call him to account in his march for Persia But after his decease Perdiccas having the command of the Army set upon him vanquished him and most cruelly crucified him together with as many of his kindred as could be found One of his Sonnes who fortunately had escaped this slaughter spying his time when the Maccdonians were at warres amongst themselves recovered his estate again and passed it over to his off-spring continuing in his line without any subjection till the time of that Ariobarzanes who by Mithridates was deprived of his dominion as was told before Restored again unto his Kingdome by the power of the Romans he became their Homager holding as did his Successours by their courtesie onely Continuing yet in state of Kings till the death of Archelaus the last King hereof Who having angred Tiberius for not attending on him when he lived at Rhodes during the life-time of Augustus as did others of the tributary States and Princes was by him then possessed of the Empire cited unto Rome under colour of projecting somewhat against the State Where the old Prince even spent with Age the Cout and some other diseases had without question been condemned by the servile Senate but that one of the Witnesses deposed that he had said that if ever he went back into Cappadocia Tiberius should find quales sibi nervi essent what a man he was Which moved such a laughter in the Senate the old King being neither able to sit nor stand that he was dismissed Tiberius thinking that he could not punish him more effectually than to let him live A favour which the old King construed to the best and in the way of gratitude bequeathed his Kingdome at his death to the Empire of Rome Being added to the Roman Empire it was exceedingly enlarged by the addition of the greatest part of the Kingdome of Pontus and so it stood in the time of Ptolomy who reckoneth Pontus Galaticus Cappadocius and Polemoniacus as parts and members of this Province Divided besides those into these eight Praefectures that is to say Clamaniensis Sarguransene Gardaocreta Cilicia Tyanidis Lycaonia Antiochiana and Cataonia But Pontus Lycaonia and Antiochiana he meanes Pisidia as I take it being made Provinces of themselves by the Emperour Constantine it returned unto its naturall bounds and made one Province of the Empire of which Caesarea as is said before was the Metropolitan and so remained till the Emperour Valens ae great Patron of the Arian faction of purpose to despight St. Basil who opposed that heresie created another Province out of it called Cappadocia secunda whereof the Metropolis was Tyana After this it continued part of the Eastern Empire till the erecting of the new Empire of Trabezond together with which it fell unto the hands of the Turkes by whom the whole Province with the addition of Pontus is now called Amasia after the name of that City which the Beglerbeg of Anatolia honoureth with his residence and is said to yield yearly to the Grand Seigneur 60000. Ducats 6. ARMENIA MINOR ARMENIA MINOR is bounded on the East with Euphrates which parteth is from Armenia Maâ—or on the South with Mount Taurus which separates it from Cilicia on the West and North with a long chain of hills called Mons Scordiscus by some called Mons Amanus by others Anti-â—aurus according to the change of places by which divided from Cappadocia Of the reason of the name hereafter The Countrey of the same nature with Cappadocia before described in some parts over-grown with Mountains by which and by the River Euphrâ—â—es so inclosed and fenced that it is difficult of entrance in others pleasant and delightfull well watered with sweet streams and some fair Rivers issuing out of the Mountains the principall whereof is Melas so called from the blacknesse of the water thereof which â—alleth into the Euphrâ—â—es Divided in the time of the Romans into these four Regions that is to say Laviana Aravena Meâ—â—ene lying on the Euphrates Marâ—â—â—â— more within the land towards Cappadocia each of which had their severall Câ—â—ies whose names are to be found in Ptolomie The principall 1. Melitenâ— the chief City of the Region so called and the Metropolis of the lesser Armenia Called afterwards Malaxia and now Suur the territory thereof abounding in Oyle and Wine not inferiour to the best of Greece The City said by Onuphrius to be a Colonie of the Romans much spoken of by Eusebius and other writers of Ecâ— estiasticall story for the piety of the Christians there inhabiting in the fiery times of Per 〈◊〉 2. Nicopolis and 3. Oroâ—â—andus in the Mountain Countries the former built by Pompey in memory of his victory there obtained against the forces of Tigranes King of Syria and both Armonia's 4. Garnace a well â—ortified town mentioned by Tacâ—tus in the twelfth book of his Annals and by him called Gorneas 5. Cuousâ—n and 6. Arabyssus memorable for the exile of Saint Crrsostome Patriarch of Constantinple confined unto these places by the power and malice of the Empresse Eudoxia by whom hated for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in points of faith who dying afterwards at Comana of Cappadocia was there interred This Countrey was once part of Cappadocia till the Armenians by their incursions and Colonies pessessed themselves of it and gave unto it the name of Armenia Minor continuing part of their estate till the warre of 〈◊〉 against the Romans Who being discomfited by Lucullus fled with two thousand hâ—rse to the Court of Tigranes the Armenian who had married his daughter By whom at first neglected and not suffered to come into his presence but afterwards on the apprehension of the common danger more esteemed and set by insomuch that his royall entertainment there and the refusall of Tigranes to yield him up when required by the Romanâ— occasioned Lucullus to bring his forces into these parts subduing all before him to the bankes of Euphrate His victories being seconded by Pomper and confirmed by Augustus this Countrey was made a Province of the Roman Empire the greater Armâ—nia lying on the other side of that River though conquered also in that warre not being taken into the accompt of the Roman Provinces till the time of Traian Augustus thinking it an high point of wisdome as no doubt it was not to extend the Empire beyond those bankes After this it continued Roman till the declining times of the Eastern Empire when wasted by the Persians and subdued by the Turkes by whom called Genech or as some say Pegia And so much of the Provinces of the
room furnished and adorned herewith Here was born Galen the famous Physican living very healthfully to the age of 140 yearsthis health preserved to so great age by these means specially 1. Never eating or drinking his fill 2. Never eating any thing that was rawe 3. Alwates carrying about him some sweet perfumes Finally this was one of the seven Churches to which Saint John writ his Revelation For though it were originally a City of Mysia yet being near unto the borders of Lydia it was reckoned as a City of the Lydian Asia within the limits whereof those seven Chareche were all comprehended As for the Kings hereof which flourished here for some ages in such wealth and splendour they came but from a poor and obscure original The first of them one Sphiletaerus an Eunuch belonging to Antigonus one of the Great Alexanders greatest Captaines and after his death to Lysimachus King of Thrace by whem trusted with his money and accompts Fearing the furie of his Master then grown old and tyrannous he seized on the Castle of Pergamus and therein on 90000 talents which he offered with his service unto Seleucus the first King of Syria But both Lysimachus and Seleucus dying shortly after he kept the money to himself and reigned in this City as an absolute King leaving the Kingdome at his death to his Brother Eumenes no better man then a poor Carter till raised by the fortunes of this Eunuch Eumenes furnished with money though of no great territory was able by the Gaules and other Mercinaries not only to preserve himself against the Syrian Kings who laid claim to his City but also to enlarge his bounds as he saw occasion But the main improvement of this Kingdome happ'ned in the dales of Eumenes the second the sonne of Attalus the brother and Successour of this Eumenes who being useful to the Romans in their warres against Philip of Macedon and Antiochus the Great King of Swir was liberally rewarded by them with the Provinces of Lydia Phrygia Aeolis Ionia Troas and both the Mysia's which they had taken from Antiochus in the end of that warre The rest of the affaires hereof till it fell in fine unto the Romans taken here in this short Catalogue of The Kings of Pergamus A. M. 3668. 1. Philetaerus the first King of Pergamus of whom before 20. 3688. 2. Eumenes Brother or as some say the Brothers sonne of Philetaerus vanquished Antiochus sirnamed Hierax in a fight neer Sardis and awed Seleucus Callinicus both Kings of Syria 22. 3710. 3. Autalus Brother of Eumenes restored Ariarathes the Cappadocian to his Kingdome and discomsited the Gaules compelling them to keep themselves within the Countrey since named Galatia A Confederate of the Romans and by them much courted 3754. 4. Eumenes II. Sonne of Attalus gratified by the Romans with the spoiles of Antiochus He was an hereditary Enemie to the Kingdome of Macedon which he laboured the Romans to destroy as in fine they did and thereby finding no more use of these Pergamon Kings began to grow to lesse liking with them 3782. 5. Attalus II. Brother of Eumenes to whom the Kingdome was offered by the Romans in the life of his Brother then lesse gracious with them but he most gallantly refused it to the great indignation of the Roman Senate 3792. 6. Fumene III. Brother of Attalus the second and Tutor or Pâ—otectour to his Nephew Attalus in whose minority he governed the estate as King 3813. 7. Attalus III. Sonne of Attalus the second succeeded on the death of his Uncle Eumenes and having held the Kingdome but five years onely deceased without issue bequeathed it by his last Will unto the Romans But before the Romans had possession of so great a Legacy Aristonicus the base Sonne of Eumenes made himself master of Mindus Colophon Samos and many other Towns and estates hereof Against whom the Romans making warre were aided by the greatest part of the Asian Kings not seeing their own danger and destruction to draw neer unto them by letting such a potent neighbour come amongst them to undo them all But the Romans got little by this warre though they had the better of it For being now made masters of the riches and sweets of Asia they took with them their vices also growing thereby to great riot and unparallelled luxurie which overcame the rigour and severity of their former discipline and made them apt for faction and those bloody quarrels which proved the ruine of their State So truly was it said by Justine Sic Asia facta Romanorum cum opibus suis vitia quoque sua Roman transmisit This Kingdome taking it in the largest extent thereof being thus subdued and setled as a Roman Province had the name of Asia according to the name of the Greater Concinent by Pâ—oâ—omie and others called Asiapropria continuing under the subjection of the Roman Emperours till the translating of the Imperiall seat unto Constantinople as after that unto the Emperours of the East till conquered piece-meal by the Turks of the Selznccian family Which being ended in the person of Aladine the second those parts hereof which lay next Troas made up the Kingdome of Carasan or Carasa-Illi as those which had been laid to the Greater Phrygia made up the Ardintant both of them swallowed up long since by the Ottoman Kings the Accessories running the same fortune as the Principalls did 11. ASIA SPECIALIVS DICTA BEsides the Proper Asia spoken of before containing all the Provinces of the Pergamon Kingdome there was one part hereof which antiently had the name of Asia before it was communicated to the greater Continent or this whole Peninsula This for distinctions sake the Romans called the PROCONSULAR ASIA because committed to the government of one of their Proconsuls who had his residence in Ephesus the principall City of this Province together with the Consular Hellespont and the Province of the Isles of Asia This we have spoken of before as also how the Countrey lying about Ephesus had more especially the name of Asia then any other so specially that Erasmus thereupon inferreth that by Asia in the New Testament but more peculiarly in the Acts is meant that part of Asia in which Ephesus standeth This being agreed on for the name we shall bound it on the East with Lydia whereof it was antiently a part on the West with the Aegean Sea on the North with Mysia and on the South with Caria And having so bounded it we shall divide it into the two Regions of AEOLIS and IONIA that of Aeolis lying on the North towards Mysix as Ionia doth upon the South towards Caria possessed both of them by Greek Nations and of them so named Principall Towns in AEOLIS are 1. Acarnea over against the Isle of Lesbos the Royall seat sometimes of the Tyrant Hermias who being once a Scholler of Aristotles but unworthy of so good a Master seized on this City and here committed so great cruelties that at last he was taken
of Seleucus Callinicus the fourth of this house Aâ—saces a noble Parthian recovered from it all the Provinces of the Persian Empire lying on that side of Euphrates and erected the so much celebrated Parthian Kingdome whereof more in Persia And in the reign of Antiochus Magnus so called for his victories in Egypt Judea and Babylonia the Romans extorted from it all the Asian Provinces on this side Mount Taurus not wanting many provocations to incite them to it for he not only had made warre against Ptolomy Philopater King of Egypt whom the Romans had taken into their protection but stirred up the Cities and States of Greece against them invaded Lysimachia and some other parts of Europe in defiance of them and had received Annibal the Carthagimar and Thoas the Aetolian their most mortal enemies into his dominions governing his Counsels by the influences which they had upon him Nor may we think but that ambition and avarice to adde to their same and Empire by the overthrow of so great a Prince did perswade much with them So that the point being brought to a ready issue they pleaded it on both sides in the battel of Magnesia a City of Lydia to which Antiochus brought an Army of 300000. foot and as many armed Chariots besides store of Elephants if the Roman writers be not over-lavish in their reports But rejecting the advise of Annibal and committing his affaires wholly to Evil Counsellers he was vanquished by no more than four Legions of enemies and for his peace compelle to quit all his Asian Provinces on that side of Taurus and to pay 15000. Talents in ready mony for the charge of the warre The rest of his estates they were content he should enjoy for a longer time Et libentius quod tam facile cessisset as Florus handsomly puts it on him because he had so easily relinquished that Afterwards in the civil broyles among themselves about the succession of the Kingdome Alexander King of the Jews took from them many of their best Towns in Palestine as Joppa Gaza Anthedon Azotus Rhinocorura almost all Samaria and Gaulonitis with Sythopolis Gadara and many other strong Towns in Coele-Syria Finally when they had consumed almost all the Royal race and changed their Kings no less than ten times in 40. years a sure sign of a falling and expiring Kingdome they were fain to cast themselves upon Tigranes King of Armenia a puissant and successeful Prince till ingaged in the quarrel of Mithridates against the Romans by whom stripped of all his Estates on this side Euphrates he was fain to content himself with his own Armenia leaving Syria to the absolute disposal of Pompey who presently reduced it to the form of a Province This said we have not much more to do with the house of Seleucus but to lay down their names and times of their several governments till we draw towards the last end of The Macedonian Kings of Syria A. M. 3654. 1. Seleucus Nicanor the first King of this house 31. 3685. 2. Antiochus surnamed Soter or the Saviour memorable for nothing so much as marying with Stratonice his Fathers wife in his Fathers life-time 3704. 3. Antiochus II. by his flattering Courtiers surnamed Theos or the God but being poisoned by his wife he proved a mortall 3719. 4. Seleucus II. surnamed by the like flattery Callinicus or fair Conquerour because shamefully beaten by the Parthians 3739 5. Seleucus III. called for the like reason Ceraunus or the Thunderer the eldest sonne of Callinicus 3742. 6. Antiochus III. surnamed Magnus the younger sonne of Callinicus a Prince that imbraced many great actions and was fortunate in his successes beyond Euphrates he plagued the Jews but lost all Asia Minor unto the Romans 3778. 7. Seleucus IV. called Philopator the sonne of Antiochus who first began to cast his eye upon the riches of the Tempse at Hierusalem 3790. 8. Antiochus IV. surnamed Epiphanes or the Illustrious but more truly Epimanes or the mad the great scourge of the Jews brother of Seleucus Philopator With whom beginneth the story of the first Book of the Maccabees 3802. 9. Antiochus V. called by the name of Eupator the sonne of Epiphanes who by Lysias his Captain tyrannized over the poor Iudeans for the litle time that he reigned as did also 3804. 10. Demetrius surnamed Soter sonne of Seleucus Philopator by the hands of Nicanor having possessed himself of the diademe by the death of Eupator slain in his favour by the Souldiers who revolted from him He was afterwards deposed for a time by Alexander Bala pretending himself to be the Sonne of Eupator supported herein by the Antiochians 3814. 11. Alexander Bala discomfited in his first battell by Demetrius whom he slew and vanquished in the second maryed Cleopatra Daughter of Ptolomy Philometor by whose aid he was victorious But a quarrel breaking out between them Ptolomy invaded Syria and caused himself to be crowned King of it Alexander being slain by some of his Souldiers 3819. 12. Demetrius II. surnamed Nicator Sonne of Demetrius the first recovered his Fathers Kingdome a friend of the Maccabees but so cruell to his own people that he was driven out of his Kingdome by Tryphon Generall of his Armies 3821. 13. Antiochus VI. surnamed Entheus the Sonne of Alexander and Cleopatra advanced unto the Throne by Tryphon and after slain by him to make way for himself unto the Throne 3824. 14. Tryphon called also Diodorus having driven out Demetrius and slain Antiochus made himself King 3827. 15. Antiochus VII surnamed Sedetes brother of Demetrius having overcome and slain Tryphon succeeded him in the estate for a while victorious against the Parthians but afterwards overcome and slain by them After whose death Demetrius Nicator having lived in Parthia since the loss of his Kingdome was restored again unto the Throne which having held about 4 years he was again dispossessed and slain by 3843. 16. Alexander II. surnamed Zebenna an Aegyptian of mean birth set up by Ptolomy Euergetes and pretending himself to be the adopted Sonne of Antiochus afterwards vanquished and slain by 3845. 17. Antiochus VIII from the croockednesse of his nose surnamed Gryphus Sonne of Demetrius aided herein by the Aegyptian with whom reconciled having reigned about eight years in peace embroiled himself in warre with his half-brother Antiochus surnamed Cyzicenus which with variable successes on both sides continued till the time of his death having reigned 29 years in all 3874. 18. Seleucus V. Sonne of Antiochus Gryphus in the beginning of his reign overcame and flew his Uncle Cyzicenus but being vanquished by Antiochus surnamed Eusebes or Pius one of the Sonnes of Cyzicenus he fled into Cilicta and was there burnt in his palace 19. Antiochus IX surnamed Eusebes having first vanquished Seleucus and afterwards Antiochus another of the Sonnes of Gryphus was crowned King of Syria but slain not long after in the Persian wars 20. Philip and Demetrius III. surnamed Eucoerus younger Sonnes of Gryphus jointly Kings of Syria
discomfited by the Philistims slew himself for grief or else for fear of falling into the hands of those merciless Enemies against whom he had so often returned victorious 5. Naim on the banks of the River Chison where CHRIST raised to life the Widowes Sonne 6. Hapharaim or Aphraim on the banks of the same River also 7. Endor of chief note for the Witch with whom Saul consulted and the discomfiture of the Midianites by Gedeâ—m who perished at Endor and became as the Dung of the Earth saith the Royall Psalmist 8. Dabarath one of the Cities of refuge 9. Arbela not far from the Cave of the two theeves which so greatly infested Galilee in the time of Herod And 10. of a later date the Castle of Pilgrims Castrum Peregrinorum in Latine Writers built by Raymond Earl of Tholouse and after fortified by the Templers for the security of such as traveled to the Holy Land and for long time the Magazine or Store-house of the Western Christians now called Tortora Situate on the shores of the Mediterranean neer a spacious bay on the North-side whereof Mount Carmel described already As for those Galileans which succeeded in the place of these Tribes they were for the most part originally such as were sent hither by Salmanassar to inhabit there when the Israelites were led away into endless thraldome but intermixed with some Remainders of the ten Tribes as was said before And yet as if they had been wholly of the same extraction with the rest of the Samaritan Nations they were as much despised by the Jews as witnesseth that scornful by-word Can there any good come out of Galilee as the others were though these as Orthedox in Religion as the Jews themselves In which so zealously affected that neither threats nor force could make them offer sacrifice for the health of the Roman Emperours whom they looked on as the Enemies of their Law and liberty Brought under the command of the Kings of Iewry by the Maccabaeans and with the rest of that Kingdome bestowed on Herod by the Romans Left by him at his death to Herod surnamed Antipas the second of his Sonnes then living with the title of Tetrarch which he enjoyed till the death of our Saviour and on his deprivation being banished to Lyons in France by the Emperour Caligula bestowed upon Agrippa his brothers Sonne the first King of the Iews so named Under him and his Sonne Agrippa the second it continued till the generall revolt of the Jewish Nation Subjected by the sword of Titus to the power of the Romans it hath since followed the same fortune with the rest of Palestine 4. SAMARIA SAMARIA is bounded on the East with the River Jordan on the West with the Mediterranean Sea on the North with Galilee and on the South with Iudaea So called from Samaria the chief City of it of which more hereafter The Countrey interchangeably composed of fields and mountains excellent good for tillage and full of trees yielding variety of fruits watered both with the dew of heaven and many fresh springs which the Earth affordeth it occasioning thereby abundance of grass and consequently of Milch-beasts exceeding plenty Heretofore very wealthy and no less populous but now famed for neither The people for the most part were originally the descendants of those Assyrians whom Salmanassar sent hither to possess the dwellings of the captive Israelites Gentiles at first till better instructed by the Lions whom God sent amongst them and after by the Priests sent hither by the Kings of Assyria they entertained the five Books of Moses and out of them learned the manner of the God of the Land 2 Kin. 17 Further then this they would not go rejecting all the rest of the sacred Canon and no strict observers of this neither And though at first they so embraced the worship of God as that they still adhered to the gods of the Nations where before they dwelt as Nergal Ashimah Nibbar Tartak and the rest of that rabble mentioned 2 Kings 17. yet they were soon taken off from those impieties and became zealous in the worship of one onely God erronious cheifly in the place which was destined to it The wicked policy of Ieroboam the Sonne of Nebat was as naturall to them as if they could not have possessed his estates without it and therefore would not suffer their people to go up to Hâ—rusalem to worship as the Law required More pious yet in this than their Predâ—cessours that they erected no Golden Calves in Dan and Bethel or any other parts of their Dominions though to divert the people from the Temple of God they would have a Temple of their own Mount Garizim and the Temple there of which more anon as sacred unto them as that of Solomon to the Iews Schismaticat enough in this but not idolatrous and Schismaticall as the others were yet so conceited of themselves and their own perfections that they imagined themselves defiled by any company but their own If therefore they had visited any of their neighbour nations at their return they used to sprinkle themselves with urine but if by negligence or the necessitie of business they had touched any not of their own Sect they drenched themselves cloathes and all in the next fountain But in this the Iews cryed quittance with them not so much as eating or drinking with them nor having with them any kind of commerce or dealing as appeareth Iohn 4. 9. but loading them on the other side with all the bitternesse of reproach and hatred There are two manner of people saith the Sonne of Sirach which mine heart abhorreth 〈◊〉 the third is no people they that sit on the Mountains of Samaria the Philistims and the foolish people that dwell as Sichem Ecâ—ius 50. And this continued to the times of our blessed Saviour whom when the Jewâ— endeavoured to reproch with their heaviest calumnies they could find out none so great as to say he was a Samaritan which they thought came all to one a man that had converse with Devils and familiar spirits Of these there were some Sects also as amongst the Jews 1. the Dositheans so called from Dâ—suâ—eus or Dosthâ—â— supposed to be the first Priest who was sent thither by the Kings of Assyria agreeing with the Jews in Circumcision and the Sabbath and the doctrine of the Resurrection in which last they differed from the common Samaritan who was a Saducee in that point but differing from them in some points of as signal consequence For they rejected the writings of all the Prophets as not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 inspired by the Holy Ghost they eat of nothing that had life like the Pythagoreans abstained from mariage like the Essenes and in the point of Sabbath-keeping out went the Pharisees it being resolved upon amongst them that in what posture soever a man was found on the Sabbath-day-morning in the same he was to continue without alteration the whole day after 2. The Sebvians so called from
of his death commanded the Souldiers to go on in their siege and diverse times shewed them the Emperor sitting in his horse-litter as being troubled with the Gout he used to do and when the City was taken marched home with his dead body sitting still in the same manner So after the death of Mahomet the first the Bassaes of the Court called their Divanos as formerly they used gave order for the levying of an Army as if some warre were intended and the Kings Physicians went up and down with their Potions as if they had him still in cure But the Pensioners and Janizaries misdoubting the matter with all egerness desired to see him which when the Bassaes durst not deny they appointed the next day for their visit The next day the body was apparrelled in royall large robes placed in a chair at the end of a long gallery and a litle boy cunningly set behind him to move the Kings hand to his head as if he should stroke his beard as his manner was which signes of life and strength the Souldiers seeing held themselves contented and so was his death concealed the space of 41 dayes 4. As for the last These insolent and unsufferable pranks committed so commonly by these masterfull slaves so exceedingly stomached Baâ—azet the 2. that he secretly purposed with himself for curing so dangerous a disease to use as desperate a remedy which was to kill and destroy suddenly all the Janizaries It is like that this Baâ—azet being a Scholar had read how Constantine the Great had cassed the Praetorian Souldiers and destroyed their camp as men that were the causes of all the stirres in his Empire and whose pride was come to an intollerable height and having the same cause to destroy his Janizaries hoped to have done it with as much ease and safety as the other did but they having notice of the plot for the time continued so united and linked together that he durst not then attempt it and afterward siding with his sonne Selimus cast him out of his Throne into his grave Since which time the Emperors never durst punish them openly but when any of them proveth delinquent he is sent privately in the night time to Pera over-against Constantinople where by the way he is drowned and a peece of Ordinance shot off to signifie the performing of the Sultans command Now for the Emperors themselves we will consider them in matters of pleasure in matters of ceremony and in matters of State the last being considerable in three main points which are the murdering of their brethren the removing of their sonnes their revenue and therein a touch of their goverenment To these we will adde what apparent symtomes may be observed to prognosticate the standing decreasing and increasing of this puissant Monarchy 1. For the first he hath not so few as 500. sometimes a 1000 choice virgins kept in a Seraglio by themselves all slaves born of Christian Parents and indeed the rarest beauties of his Empire When he is disposed to take his pleasure with any of them they are all ranked in a gallery and she is by the Aga of the women prepared for his bed to whom he giveth his handkercher She that beareth him the first sonne is honoured with the title of Sultaness Queen Mother we may call her neither can he make any of them free unless he marry them When the Sultan dieth all his women are carried into another Seraglio where they are strictly looked too and liberally provided for and not seldome times are bestowed by the succeeding Sultan on his great Bassaes and such us he chiefly favoureth which is a principall honour They are attended on by women and Eunuches these being not gelded onely but deprived of all their genitalls and supplying the uses of nature with a silver quill which in humane custome was brought in among them by Selimus the second because he had seen a Gelding cover a mare 2. These ceremonies are either performed by them which is for the most part the building of a Mosche onely to help to the salvation of their souls or towards them by others which are most apparent in the entertainment of Embassadors For when such come to his presence they are led between two of his Courtiers and comming before the Throne on both sides whereof the Bassaes sit with admirable silence resembling rather Statuaes than men they bow themselves to the ground with all humility laying their hands on their breasts but never uncovering their heads which as we before noted is counted an undecency When they are to depart they go all backwards it being accounted very irreverent to turn their back-parts towards a Prince so glorious The reason why they are thus brought in between two is said to be for their greater honour but is indeed a fear that they have lest the Grand Seignieur under the pretence of a Saluration or the delivery of an Embassie should be stapped Which wariness they have used ever since the time that Miles Cobiletz a Servian scrambling from among the slain at the battel of Cassona and being admitted to the speech of Amurath the first the Author of that overthrow stabbed him into the belly with his dagger 3. Amongst all the jarres and discontents that be none have been with more unkindness begun or more eagerness prosecuted than those of brothers and that not only in private families but in the stems of Princes the multitude of Pretendants being the originall of most civill wars To prevent these publick emotions the Emperors of Habassia use to immure up all their younger children in the hill Amaza the Persians do put out the eyes of their younger brothers and the Turks do murder them strange and horrid courses whereby to avoid the fear of a war in the State they stirre up a war in their own bowels The first amongst the Turks that began this barbarous cruelty was Bajazet the first on his brother Jacup whom immediately after his Fathers death he strangled with a bow-string this being the only instument of their Fratricide because thereby none of the blood-royall of Ottoman is spilt on the ground After him Mahomet the Great caused his young brother then at nurse to dy the death and was not without much ado perswaded from being the executioner himself Amurath the third caused his five brethren to be at once strangled before his face and Mahomet his sonne no fewer then nineteen in one day By this course they imagine their own estate to be infinitely secured as knowing that Mustapha a younger sonne stirred a rebellion against Amurath and Zemes against Bajazet both the second of those names that Solyman Musa and Isa severally afflicted Mahomet the first and Corcut Selimus the first of these names also But yet they will not know that nothing sooner putteth their younger Brothers into these acts of hostility than an inevitable certainty of a violent and unnatural death whereas were they but sure of life and a liberall and
been since he so vainly laboured to have them thought greater than indeed they were The old Inhabitants hereof were the Indo-Scythae inhabiting on the North-West of Indus the Mazagae Sadani Piratae Limyrices Aii the Soringi Arvari Oxydracae Malli and Lambatae the Gandarides or Gangarides neer the mouch of Ganges the Caspiraei under the shades of Mount Vindius The Musicani Chatziaei Polindae Phyllitae Bittigi Chadramotitae Pezuari Adisathri Mandalae Dryllophitae Sabarae Pandioni with many others to the number 122 several nations if Megasthenes be not out in his reckoning too many and too impertinent to be mustered here Originally descended from the Sonnes of Noah before they left these Eastern parts to go towards the unfortunate valley of Shinaar We could not else have found this Countrey so full of people in the days of Semiramis the wife of Ninus who leading an Army compounded of several nations to the number of four millions and upwards if Ctesias and Diodorus Siculus who reports it from him be of any credit but certainly the greatest Army that was ever raised was encountred by Staurobates King of India with greater forces made up of naturall Indians onely by whom she was vanquished and slain A matter beyond all belief though neither Army could make up a fourth part of that number if the Indians had been no other than some one of those Colonies which were sent from BABEL or rather a second or third Swarm of those former Colonies which went thence under the command of the first Adventurers For that any of the first Adventurers who were present at the building of the Tower of BABEL travelled so far East is not affirmed by any who have laboured in the search of their plantations So that I take it for a matter undeniable that the plantation of India preceded the attempt of BABEL though by whom made there is nothing to be said for certain Yet if I might have liberty to express my own conceptions I am inclinable to believe that all the Eastern parts of Persia with China and both the Indiaes were peopled by such of the sons of Sem as went not with the rest to the Valley of Shinaar For otherwise I can see no reason that the posterity of Japher should plant the greatest part of the Lesser Asia and the whole Continent of Europe with the Isles thereof and that the sonnes of Cham should spread themselves over Babylonia Palestine the three Arabiaes and the whole Continent of Africk the posterity of Sem being shut up in a corner of the Greater Asia hardly so big as some one Province taken up by the other Adventurers And therefore that I may allow to the sonnes of Sem an equall Latitude I think it not improbable to fix them in these Eastern Countreys spreading themselves this way as they grew in numbers before the rest of the Adventurers went to seek new fortunes at the Tower of BABEL And being that the Countrey was large and wealthy and might have room enough to spare for some second commers especially descending from the same root with them I doubt not but to place here also all the sonnes of Jocktan Havilah Chatsarmaveth Saba Abimail who have left here some tract or monument of themselves as hath been shewn at large in our GENERALL PREFACE and as concerning Ophyr shall be shewed hereafter To proceed therefore to our Story the next who made any invasion on this Countrey after that of Semiramis was Bacchus or Liber Pater the sonne of Jupiter and Semele accompanyed with Hercules Aegyptius not much more fortunate than she the forces of Bacchus being defeated and Hercules forced to throw away his Golden Shield But what they could not do by Arms they effected by Arts. Bacchus instructing them in the use of wine oyl sacrifices and the Art of Architecture and drawing them into Towns and Cities for that cause honoured as a GOD. To Hercules they ascribe the Nation of the Pandioni proceeding from a daughter of his called PANDAEA the memory of both preserved in Statuaes and Pillars erected by them After this unattempted till the time of Alexander who having made a full conquest of the Persian Empire invaded India with an Army of an 120000 fighting men Beginning with CLEOPHE Queen of the Mazagae a people of Indo-Scythia he brought her to conformity possessed himself both of her person and estate on whom he begot a sonne called Alexander who is said to have succeeded in her Dominions Being passed over the River Indus Taxiles by some called Omphis a prudent Prince whose Kingdome is affirmed to be bigger than Aegypt submitted of his own accord offering his service and assistance to promote his conquest and presenting him with a Crown of Gold and 80 Talents of ready money The King made welcome but his money not so much as looked on the Macedonian being so far from fingring of this Indian gold that he gave him a thousand Talents of his own treasure Encouraged by this Royall dealing Abiajares another puissant Prince of the opposite faction unto Taxiles submitted also and was as graciously received Porus whose Kingdome lay on the other side of Hydaspes would not be so conquered and therefore mustereth up his forces and valiantly made good the banks of the River But vanquished at the last not without much difficultie he was made a Prisoner to the Victor who honouring the man for his brave resistance gave him his liberty and Kingdome with a great inlargement The Conqueror had a great desire to go further East but the Souldiers would not be perswaded sufficiently taught by Porus what they were to look for if the Indiansshould unite their forces Unable to prevail he erected in the place twelve Altars as high as Towers where he observed many solemn Games and Sacrifices and having sacrifised to Hydaspes Indus and Acesines he sailed down Indus towards the Southern Ocean which seen at distance he turned towards Gedrosia and thence to Babylon where he died After his death Eumenes raised some part of his forces hence But the Macedonians being plunged in a Civil war one Androcottus stirred up the Indians to recover their freedomes making himself at first their Captain but at last their King Possessed of all that had been conquered by the Greeks he was encountred by Seleucus who had then got the command of Asia against whom he brought an Army of 600000 fighting men Frighted wherewith Seleucus made peace with him and contracted a solemn League betwixt them continued with the interchange of friendly Offices amongst their posterity and more confirmed by an interview betwixt Antiochus the Great and Saphagasenus one of the Successors of Andracottus by whom Antiochus was presented with 150 Elephants and the promise of some treasure to be sent after him By the Posterity of Andracottus was the Kingdome held till the prosperity and full height of the ROMAN Empire The power whereof though they rather knew by report than trial yet was it not amiss to entertain a potent
surnamed Jangheere the sonne of Echebar who added nothing that I hear of to his fathers conquests 1627. 8. Blockie the grandchild of Selim by his eldest sonne wickedly murdered by the practice of Curroon at Agra proclamed King on the death of his Grand-father but shortly after made away by Asaph Chawn so to make room for 1627. 9. Curroon the third sonne of Selim or Jangheere and sonne-in-law unto Assaph Chawn having by his own Ministers and the hands of his Father-in-law murdered the proclamed King his Nephew and all the other Princes of the Royall blood succeeded into the Estates and was crowned at Agra A wicked and bloody Prince still living for ought I hear to the contrary To look a little on these Princes their estate and power in matters of Religion they have generally been Mahometans that Religion being long since embraced by the Tartars from whom they originally descended But not so scrupulous or precise in that profession as to endeavour the suppressing of any other opinions both Echebar and his sonne Jangheere being so inclined unto Christianity that they permitted the Jesuites to build Colleges and Churches in Agra it self the Imperiall City and many other chief Cities in his dominions Of Echebar it is reported that being doubtfull what Religian to adhere unto he caused 30 Infants to be so brought up that neither their Nurses nor any body else should speak unto them resolving to addict himself to the Religion of that Country whose language should be spoken by them as most agreeable to nature and he did accordingly For as those Children spoke no language so was he positive and resolved in no Religion Able to see the vaâ—ues of Mahomet and the horrible impieties of the Gentiles but not willing to conform unto the strictâ—â—â—â—â—t Christianity And though Selim who succeeded to content his Mahometan Subjects declared himself for that Religion yet his affairs being once settled and his Throne confirmed he became as Neutral as his Father Sultan Currâ—on now Reigning of the same Neutrality and 't is well he is so there being no Religion so impure and bloody which he would not dishonor by his known ungraciousness The Language spoken by these Princes and their natural Subjects the Mogores or Mongul-Tartars is said by some to be the Turkuh But I think rather that it is some Language near it than the very same And that the Language which they speak is the ancient Scythian or Tartarian from which the Turks a Scythian people differ but in Dialect a sprinkling of the Persian intermixt amongst it A mixture not to be denied in regard of their long dwelling in that Countrey the entercouse which their Subjects of those parts have with these of India and that the greatest part of their Souldiers Officers and Commanders are supplied from thence Their Government is absolute if not Tyrannical the Great Mongul being Lord of all and heir to every mans estate which is worth the having the persons and purses of his Subjects at his sole disposing so that he may amass what treasures and raise what forces for the Wars his need requireth or the Avarice or Ambition of his Ministers shall suggest unto him First for his Treasures it is conceived that his Revenue doth amount yearly to Fifty Millions of Crowns and there are reasons to perswade that it may be more The Countrey very rich and notably well traded from all parts of the world the Impost upon which is of infinite value besides the vast sums of money brought into his Dominions from all Countreys whatsoever which hold traffick here their commodities not being to be parted with but for ready coyn The whole Land being also his he estates it out for no term certain retaining a third part of the profits to himself and leaving two thirds to the Occupants to be held by them during pleasure Who if they thrive upon their bargains they thrive not for themselves but him it being in his power if he want patience to expect the Incumbents death to enter on the whole estate of the Teâ—ant by the way of Escheat but if he tarry till the death of the Occupant it falls to him of course the wife and children of the deceased being fairly dealt with if he content himself with the personal estate and leave the Land to them to begin anew For instance of those huge sums which in so rich a Countrey may be had this way it is said that when the Vice Roy of Lahor dyed he left to Echebar three millons of Gold besides Silver Jewels Horses Elephants Furniture and Goods almost invaluable And of one Raga Gagnar another of his great Officers that at his death the Great Mongul seized of his into his hands 3300 pound weight of Gold besides Plate and Jewels Besides these means of heaping treasure all the Mines of the Countrey are wholly his and the Presents given by all sorts of Suters hardly to be numbered none being admitted to his presence which comes empty handed Finally if Badurius which was King of Cambaia onely could bring into the field at once 500 Tun of gold and silver to pay his Army and after the loss of all that treasuee advanced upon the sudden the sum of 600000 Crowns which he sent to Solyman the Magnificent to come to succor him both which it is well known he did What infinite Treasures must we think this Prince to be master of who hath more than four times the estate of the King of Cambaia and far more trading now than in former times By the like Parallel we may conjecture somewhat at his Forces also Badurius the Cambaian brought into the field against Merhamed and the King of Mand ae as was partly touched upon before 150000 Horse 500000 Foot 2000 Elephants armed 2000 pieces of brass Ordnance of which were four Basilisks each of them drawn with 100 yoke of Oxen and 500 Carts loaded with powder and shot What then may we conceive of this Prince who is Lord of so much a greater estate than he but that his Levies may be raised proportionably to so great Dominions But because possibly Badurius did extend himself to the utmost of his power and having lost two Battels was never able to recruit again which no wise Prince would do but in great extremities It is conceived that the Mongul without running any such hazards on the loss of a Battel can in an instant raise 50000 Elephants 300000 Horse and Foot proportionable and yeâ— have stock enough for an After-game if that he should chance to lose the first But it is seldom that he hath advanced to so high a Muster For in his action upon the Kingdoms of Decan he had but an Hundred thousand men and a thousand Elephants for fight though possibly of all sorts of people there might be more than double that number For in his ordinary removes in time of Progress it is said that his followers of all sorts amount unto two hundred thousand and that his Tents
dignity remained till the year 1500. and somewhat after Three only were of note in the course of business that is to say 1 Jacob Ben Joseph the advancer of the Marine Family to the Realm of Morocco the establisher thereof in that of Fesse and of great power and influence in the affairs of the Moors in Spain where he held Algeir and Tariffe Towns of great importance slain treacherously by one of his familiar friends at the siege of Tremesen 2 Aben Joseph the second a younger son of this first Joseph the issue of Bucalo his elder brother being quite extinct succeeded after Abortade the fixt of the Marine Family in the Throne of his Father and had added thereunto the Realm of Tremesen if not diverted by the revolt of Alboali his eldest son continually in Arms against him 3 Alboacen the son of this Aben Joseph and the eighth of the Marine Family who after a siege of 30 moneths took the City of Tremesen with that the Kingdom But not so fortunate in his Wars against the Christian Kings of Spain against whom he led an Army of 400000 Foot and 70000 Horse with all other necessaries but vanquished by the two kings of Castile and Portugal with far lester forces their Army consisting but of 25000 foot and 14000 horse at the River of Salado not far from Tariff Anno 1340 Deposed soon after his return by his son Alboanen who lost all which his Father and the first of the Aben Josephs had gained in Spain their Empire after this declining even in Africk it self the Kingdom of Tremesen and the greatest part of the new Kingdom of Tunis withdrawing themselves from their obedience in the East parts of Barbarie as the Portugals prevailed upon them in the West The Kingdom of the Marines thus approaching neer its fatal Period it fortuned about the year 1508 that Mahomet Ben Amet a Native of Dara in the further Numidia or Bilodulgerid pretending a descent from their Prophet Mahomet caused himself to be called Xeriff the name by which the kindred and Successors of that Impostor use to call themselves and being a poor Hermit only with which Mountebanks and the high opinion of their Sanctity this People have from time to time been extreamly fooled plotted to make his sons the chief Princes of Mauritania To this end he sent them in Pilgrimage to Meccha whence they returned with such an opinion of Sanctity that Mahomet King of Fesse made Amet the elder of them Governor of the famous Colledge of Amadurach the second called Mahomet Tutor to his Children the youngest named Abdel staying at home with his Father In those dayes the Portugals grievously infested the Provinces of the Realm of Morocco to repress whose insolencies Mahomet and Amet obtained Commission though much opposed therein by the Kings brother who told him how unsafe it was to trust to an armed hypocrisie assuring him that if they once came unto any power which under color of Religion they might quickly raise it would not be easie to suppress them But this good counsel was rejected and the war went forwards Furnished with an Army they discomfit Lopes Barriga Commander of the Portugal forces under King Emanuel compell that King to abandon all his footing there they subdue Duccala Sus and Hea three Provinces of the Realm of Morocco enter that City poison the tributary King and salute Amet King thereof by the name of the Xeriffe of Morocco investing Mahomet the other brother in the kingdom of Sus. In the career of their successes died the king of Fesse and Amet his successor an improvident young Prince confirms his Quondam-Tutors in their new Estates conditioned they should hold of him as the Lord in chief and pay him the accustomed tributes The Xeriffes of Morocco A. C. 1 Amet denied both tribute and superiority to the King of Fez whom he overthrew in a set field and was after vanquished and dispossessed of his Kingdom upon some quarrell breaking out by his brother Mahomet 1554. 2 Mahomet King of Sus having got A. C. the Kingdom of Morocco united Fesse unto it also by the vanquishment of Amet the King thereof slain after all his Victories by the Turks of his Guard 1557. 3 Abdalla the son of Mahomet 1572. 4 Abdalla II. Sonne of the former had twelve Brothers of which he slew ten Hamet being spared by reason of his supposed simplicity and Abdelmelech escaping to the Turks 5 Mahomet II. Sonne of Abdalla the second expelled by Abdelmelech and the Turks fled to Sebastian King of Portugal who together with the two Competitors were slain in one day at the battel of Alcazar Guer Anno 1578. 1578. 6 Hamet II. the Brother of Abdalla the ad who added parts of Libya and Numidia to the Realm of Morocco not absolutely subdued before 1603. 7 Muley Sheck the eldest son of Hamet opposed in his Succcession by Boferes and Sidan his two younger brethren in which War he dyed as did also Boferes his Brother From whom Abdalla II. son of Muley Sheck had regained Morocco 1607. 8 Sidan the third son of Hamet immediately on the death of his Father caused himself to be proclaimed King of Fez where he was with his father when he died and having won Morocco from Abdalla the son of Muley Sheck became master of that kingdom also Stripped afterwards of Fesse and Morocco both by the opposite factions distressed by Hamet Ben Abdela a Religious Hermit who hoped to get all for himself and aided by Side Hean one of like hypocrisie who seemed to aim but at a Limb of that great Estate by whose assistance he was once more possessed of Morocco These tumults on the Land being pacified in long tract of time and the Country brought to some degree of peace and quietness though never absolutely reduced under his command as in former times a Rabble of Pirats nest themselves in Salla a Port-town of the Realm of Fesse creating thence great mischief to him both by sea and land and not to him only but to all the Merchants of other Countries whose busines led them towards thâ—se Seas Unable to suppress them for want of shipping he craved aid of King Charles of England by whose assistance he became Master of the Port destroyed the Pyrates and sent Three hundred Christian Captives for a Present to his Sacred Majesty An. 1632. Nor staid he here but aiming at the general good of Trade and Mankind he sent a Letter to His Majesty to lend him the like aid against those of Algiers who did as much inâ—est the Mediterranean as the Pirats of Salla did the Ocean The tenor of which Letters as savouring of more piety then could be possibly expected from a Mahometan and much conducing to the honour of his Sacred Majesty I have here subjoyned The Letter of the King of Morocco to the King of England WHen these our Letters shall be so happy as to come to your Majesties sight I wish the Spirit of
the Nephew of Cham from whence this Nation in the Scripture have the name of Ludim A nation not much taken notice of in the first Ages of time but by an Errour of Josephus who giving too much credit to some Talmudical Tales or willing to advance the reputation of the Jews to the highest pitch telleth us a story how the Aethiopians invaded and endangered Egypt how they were beaten back by Moses the City of Meroe besieged and taken by him or rather delivered to his hands by Tharbis the daughter of the King who had fallen in love with him and on the betraying of the City was married to him All this not only questioned but rejected by discerning men as a Jewish Fable that hath no ground to stand upon in true Antiquity With little better fortune and as little truth do the Aethiopians tell the story of their own Original By whom we are informed that Chus the son of Cham first reigned in this Aethiopia to whom succeeded his son Regma and next after Dedan that from the death of Dedan till the reign of Aruch the certain time whereof they tell not the People lived in Caves and holes digged under the ground as did the Troglodites an ancient Nation of this Country in the times long after that Arac first built the City of Aruma and by that pattern taught them the use of Towns and Cities But the main part of the Legend is the story of Maqueda a Queen hereof and the fourth from Aruch whom they will have to be the Queen of Sheba famous in both Testaments for the Royal Visit which she bestowed upon Solomon Of whom they tell us that being got with childe by Solomon when she was in his Court she was delivered of a Son whom she caused to be called Melech or Melilech and at the age of 20 years to be sent to his Father By whom instructed in the Law and circumcised and called by the name of David he was returned into his Country with Azarias the son of Zadok the Priest who had stollen the two Tables of the Law and carried them with him into Aethiopia where the old Queen resigned the Empire to her son His Successors afterwards called David till Indion as they call him the Eunuch of Queen Candace returning home baptized the young Prince by the name of Philip. This is the substance of the Legend as related by them in their own Chronicles but we know that they are no Gospel That Chus planted in Arabia hath been shewn already as also what absurdities must needs arise from supposing the Land of Chus to be this Aethiopia Therefore most probable it is that this Countrey was first peopled by the children of Ludim as before was said To whom the Abassenes coming out of Arabia Felix might be after added and in some tract of time be of such great power as to put their name upon the Countrey For that the Abassenes were originally an Arabian People appeareth by Stephanus one of the old Chorographers who out of Vranius An ancienter Author then himself hath told us this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Another Stephanus and he a very learned Grammarian and Lexicographer hath as he thinks decided the controversie by making Sheba the son of Chus the Progenitor of the Arabians and Sheba the son of Regma the Father of the Aethiopians and for this cause hath fitted us with this pretty Criticism that Sheba when it is written with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Samech must be rendred AEthiopia and Arabia when writ with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Shin But this by no means will be found to agree the controversie it being evidently clear that both Sheba the son of Chus and Sheba the son of Regma were originally setled in Arabia as there hath been shewn though I deny not but that some of the Posterity of Chus in those elder time before the coming over of the Abasine nations might either out of too much populosity or desire of change cross over the Arabian Gulf and take up such parts of this Countrey as the Ludims had not fully peopled with whom conjunct at last both in name and government And as for Maynedu supposing that to be her name she was doubtless Queen of the Sabaeans in Arabia Felix not of the Aethiopians in the waste of Africk For besides the longsomness of the way too much for a Woman and a Queen to travel it is very probable that the Son of Solomon by this Lady would never have suffered Egypt to have layen in quiet whilest Sesac the King thereof made war upon Rehoboam the Son of Solomon also and so by consequence his half Brother But to leave these uncertain Fables the first action of moment which we meet with in unquestioned Story touching these Aethiopians is that which hapned betwixt them and Cambyses the Persian Monarch who having by force of Arms united Egypt to Persia conceived it to be worth his labour to unite Ethiopia unto Aegypt also Upon this Resolution he sent Ambassadors to that King to search into the passages of his Country and discover his strengths and by them sent a Tun of wine some Bracelets a Purple habit and a Box of sweet ointments to present him with Which Presents being tendred to him he looked upon the Unguents and the Purple Robe as too slight and effeminate the Bracelets he conceived to be bonds or fetters and openly laught at them as too weak to hold in a Prisoner but with the Wine he was very well pleased and sorrowed that his Country yielded no such liquour But understanding well enough what this visit aimed at he gave the Ambassadors at their parting amongst other gifts an Aethiopian Bow of great length and strength requiring them to tell their Master that untill every Persian could bend that Bow the Aethiopian Bows being a foot longer then the Persian as before was noted it would be no safe warring upon his Dominions and that he had good cause to thank the Gods for giving the Aethiopians so contented mindes as not to think of conquering their Neighbours kingdoms Lying far off and parted from Egypt by vast mountains we finde then not looked after by the Macedonians Nor had the Romans medled with them had they not been provoked by Candace the Queen hereof during the Empire of Augustus who having made a War on Egypt was by Petronius Governour of that Province brought to such conformity that she was fain to sue for peace and to purchase it with the loss of some part of her Country To keep them quiet for the future Philae an Aethiopian City but on the borders of Egypt is made a Garrison by the Romans and the seat of their Deputy for these parts held by them till the Empire of Dicclesian and by him abandoned because the charge of keeping it did exceed the profit After this growing into power and reputation the Aethopian Kings were reckoned of as friends to the Roman Empire in so much as Justinian sent