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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42563	The Council of Trent no free assembly more fully discovered by a collection of letters and papers of the learned Dr. Vargas and other great ministers, who assisted at the said Synod in considerable posts : published from the original manuscripts in Spanish, which were procured by the Right Honourable Sir William Trumbull's grandfather, envoy at Brussels in the reign of King James the First : with an introductory discourse concerning councils, shewing how they were brought under bondage to the Pope / [translated] by Michael Geddes ...	Geddes, Michael, 1650?-1713.; Vargas Mejia, Francisco de, 1484-1560.	1697 (1697)	Wing G445; ESTC R16012	203,517	370

and which considering of how great moment they were ought to have been discussed with a close attention the Legates took a course that was extreamly dangerous and prejudicial For whereas after having disposed Matters according to their importance the Decrees ought to have been composed some days before the Prelates did assemble and to have been seen and examined particularly by every one of them that so they might have understood what they were about and whether there were any thing amiss in them that was so far from being observed that the Legates having assembled the Prelates in a General Congregation the night before the Session read the Decrees to them as they and their friends had been pleased to frame them By which means and by their not being understood by a great many of the Prelates and others not having the courage to speak their Minds and others being quite tired out with the length of the Congregation the Decrees were passed and having concluded many things after this precipitate manner they pronounced them next day which whether they were prejudicial or not let them see to it We for our parts who saw and observed all those doings cannot but lament both our own condition and the lost authority of Councils Farthermore Notwithstanding we are to believe that in Matters of Faith which have been decided by them the Holy Ghost would not permit them to fall into any Error we are nevertheless as I observed before to consider with what authority and discussion such Matters ought to be determined and how few of those that were here were qualify'd for that work for among those who had a decisive Voice I do not believe there were Twenty and for the other learned Men and Divines that disputed they had only the Hearing given them It was upon the Decrees being thus prepared and decided that the Embassadour Don Diego de Mendoza when the Legates were in such haste to pronounce the Decree of Justification sent a Prelate to acquaint them with three Things The first whereof related to his Majesty the second to himself and the third to the Bearer The first was That before they pronounced a matter of so great importance for to consult the Universities of Paris and Lovain about it The second was That if they went on at this rate his Majesty would send such a number of Bishops to the Synod as would not suffer them to carry things so The third was That there neither was nor had been any thing of liberty in the Council To the first they answered That they would die a thousand Deaths sooner than yield to a thing that would be so great a dishonour to the Council the Bishop reply'd That he did not see that there could be any inconvenience in the Legate's consulting those Universities and he might if he would have said farther nor in the Council it self having done it and that the World would never have condemned them for it For since as I have observed great Maturity and Discussion is necessary in all such Cases and Universities are Bodies that cannot go to Councils as particular Men may it was but just that those two Universities being so famous should have been consulted the taking of whose advice would not have hindred the Synod from determining what the Holy Ghost should have dictated to them In fine the Legate without taking any farther notice of that message caused the said Decree to be pronounced as it is And as to the other two Points any body may guess what sort of Answer he returned to them Farthermore In the Session wherein the Decree of Original Sin was pronounced the Legate without having consulted or said a word to the Synod thereof did all of a sudden read the Pope's breve in confirmation of that Decree a thing they have never since offered to do By which we may see plainly what account they make of the Council giving the World by that Act to understand That the Decrees are therefore valid because they were confirmed by the Pope without whose Confirmation notwithstanding their being agreed to by the Council they would have been of little authority This though a thing of great consequence passed without any Prelates offering to open his mouth against it Farthermore It was much insisted on that the Reformation of Abuses should go before Matters of Doctrine all the Mischiefs having sprung from Abuses they being the things that support the Hereticks and keep them in countenance and it being thereupon agreed that they should go hand in hand the Legates that they might seem to comply therewith begun with the Abuses of Scripture and being brought at last to treat of Abuses in Practice they decided so little therein and that too with so many limitations that it had been much better they had done nothing in it It being visible to the whole World that all that was done was done at Rome which was rejoiced at and boasted of here and that on purpose that the World might be made sensible how little the authority of the Council signify'd as to the redressing of things that are amiss Farthermore As the Legates were continually fencing off a Reformation made by any other way than that so being desirous to pump out of the Prelates what the things were they pretended to at the beginning as if they had designed to make a mighty Reformation and as if the day of Salvation had been come they intreated all the Prelates but chiefly the Spaniards to deliver them in Memorials for their instruction of such things as they would have reformed the Prelates believing that all would be remedy'd did very innocently acquaint them with all that was in their thoughts by which trick the Legates having discovered all that the Prelates and Provinces desired they sent an account thereof immediately to Rome as was understood afterwards This the Prelates did notwithstanding they were warned by one before-hand of what would be the consequence of it Farthermore As the Legates do nothing but with tricks and dissimulation so in the Session that was held here after such an irregular and tumultuous a manner they made use of an artifice which is now notorious to every body for having the Pope's breve always privately in their Pockets to make use of as there is occasion upon some Prelates having on the day of the last Session in their opposition unadvisedly said that the Pope knew nothing of that matter for that if he had ordered it to be so it would have been another thing the Legates thereupon immediately produced the Pope's breve and by ordering it to be read publickly did stop the mouths of those Prelates and gave a colour to what was done making a Jest afterwards of their having taken the Prelates at their word Such over-reachings as these have been their principal study in most matters Farthermore As it was the Legates drift so far as they were able to canonize the Abuses of the Court of Rome and so to weaken

Si Pergama dextra c. And tho Embassadors and especially Spaniards are not very forward to extol the Abilities of the Ministers that are sent to assist them in their Business nevertheless we have Don Francisco de Toledo who was one of the Emperor's Embassadors at Trent at the time when these Letters were writ by Vargas giving the following Character of him to the Bishop of Arras in a Letter bearing date the 1st of December 1551. What your Lordship writes concerning your being satisfy'd with the Conduct of the Fiscal Vargas gives me great Content knowing him to be one of the most Learned and best qualified Persons of his Profession and withal very zealous for his Majesty's Service and much devoted to your Lordship your Lordship is therefore bound to favour him with his Majesty and to see that he be rewarded according to his Merits and Services which I shall take as a great Kindness he being a Person for whom I have a particular Affection being much beholden to him for the Assistance he has afforded me of which your Lordship takes notice In a word he is certainly such an Original as is not to be quoted again Father de Malvenda who was likewise one of the Emperor's Ministers at Trent at that time in a Letter to the Bishop of Arras which I here publish bearing date February 27 1552 saith In all our Encounters with the Legat the Senior Fiscal has still fallen upon wonderful Expedients who being a Person of great Learning and withal much experienced in Affairs of this nature has not as I am able to witness for him been mistaken in any one Point And in another of his Letters I publish likewise bearing date the 12th of October 1551 he tells the Bishop of Arras The Fiscal is certainly such a Person as you take him to be that is a Man of strong Sense and Judgment and very serviceable in giving such Directions as are necessary about the Council Now as Charles the 5th's Kindness for Vargas whom he knew to have writ so freely of the Corruptions and Abuses of the Church of Rome and of the Jugglings of the Popes and their Ministers is an Evidence of his having when he reigned been no great Bigot for Popery so we have reason to believe that after his Retirement when he came to make the study of Religion his whole Business he had his Mind so enlightned as to discover both the Errors and Corruptions of Popery and the Truth and Beauty of the Protestant Doctrines so far as to have died in the Faith of the latter of which considering among whom he died and how much all the Monks and Friars of Spain if it had been so would have been concerned to have suppressed it tho a direct and positive Proof is a thing not to be expected nevertheless not only his Chaplain and Preacher but he likewise who was his Confessor at his Death as also the Arch-Bishop of Toledo who assisted him in his last Minutes with Ghostly Counsel being all accused as they were of being Protestants is such an Evidence of that Prince's having been of the same Religion as an impartial Mind can hardly know how to resist For 1. As to his Chaplain and Preacher Augustin Cazal who was Canon of the Church of Salamanca and is acknowledged by his Enemies to have been one of the most Eloquent Preachers that ever Spain produc'd he was taken up by the Inquisition for being a Protestant in the Year 1558 and was with 13 more who died professing the Protestant Religion burnt publickly at Valladolid in the Year 1559. the unfortunate Prince Charles and his Aunt Dona Joanna who was Governess of Spain at that time being Spectators of that barbarous Execution 2. His Confessor Constantine Poncius who was Canon of Sevil and a Person of wonderful Piety and Learning was likewise taken up by the Inquisition for being a Protestant who dying in Prison the Inquisitors know best of what Death had his Bones and Effigies burnt publickly in the Market-place of Sevil in the Year 1560 as were also the Bones of the Learned Dr. Egidius Canon of Sevil who had been named by the Emperor to the Bishoprick of Fortosa who either died or was murdered in the same Prison eighteen being burnt alive at the same time for being Protestants on which occasion the Writer of the History of the Inquisition saith That had not that holy Tribunal taken care thus to put a stop to those Reformers the Protestant Religion had run through Spain like Wild-fire People of all Degrees and both Sexes being wonderfully disposed at that time to have embraced it Nay the Author of the Pontifical History who was present at some of those Martyrdoms and particularly at that of Herrezulo saith That had those Learned Men been let alone but three Months longer all Spain would have been put into a Flame by them Lastly Bartholomew de Caranza a Dominican Friar who had been Confessor to our Queen Mary and who upon her Recommendation was preferred to the Archbishoprick of Toledo having assisted Charles with his Ghostly Counsel in the last Minutes of his Life was not many Months after confined to his Palace by the Inquisition in the Village of Tordelaguna upon suspicion of his being a Protestant from which place after a Confinement of seven Years he was removed to Rome and committed to the Castle of St. Angelo where he remained a close Prisoner ten Years and was condemned at last as one suspected of Heresy This Arch-bishop was reckon'd one of the most learned Divines of his time and as such was sent by Charles the 5th to the Council of Trent where he both preached before that Synod and writ a Treatise of the Personal Residence of Bishops and Pastors he published likewise a Compendium of all the Councils and a large Catechism in Spanish which was printed in Flanders of which Archbishop and the three forementioned Martyrs I think one may truly say that they were Persons every way qualified to have reformed a corrupted Church after the best manner But that God after he had raised up such great Men to have done so excellent a Work should suffer a barbarous and inhuman Court thus to destroy both their Persons and all the Effects of their holy Labours is a Mystery of Providence whose Ways tho always righteous are many times great Depths To these Evidences of Charles the 5th's having died a Protestant I shall only add that his Grandson Charles Prince of Spain who had lived some time with him in his Monastery was afterwards imprisoned by his Father Philip and as was generally believed was put to death by him as a Favourer of Protestants and what Mezeray a Papist saith thereof in the Reign of Francis the Second is remarkable At Philip's Arrival in Spain he caused a great many to be burnt in his own Presence at Sevil and Valladolid of those they call Lutherans both Men and Women Gentlemen and Ecclesiasticks as likewise the

many Friends abroad did set about establishing their own Authority by passing the following Decrees 1. That the Sacred Synod of Basil in having been assembled according to the Decrees of the Councils of Constance and Siena and with the Concurrence of the Pope was a lawful General Council 2. That being a lawful General Council all Christians of whatsoever State or Dignity the Papal not excepted were bound to yield Obedience to it in all Matters of Faith the Extirpation of Schism and the general Reformation of the Church in its Head and Members 3. That whosoever of whatsoever State or Dignity the Papal not excepted should deny to yield Obedience to the Statutes of any General Council relating to any of the forementioned Matters deserve to be punished 4. That it should not be lawful for any Member of the Council to absent himself from it or to depart from the City of Basil without leave of the Council From which Decrees they inferred That the Papal nor no other Authority on Earth had Power to prorogue translate or dissolve the General Council of Basil without its own Consent or to hinder any Prelats from repairing to it or to oblige any that assisted at it to withdraw In virtue whereof they admonished Eugenius within the space of three Months by a publick Bull to revoke his pretended Dissolution of them and to come in Person to the Council or being lawfully hindred by his Legats in default whereof they threatned to proceed against him as the Holy Ghost should direct them for the Good of the Church Cardinal Julianus perceiving what a Storm Eugenius was like to raise against himself and the Papacy notwithstanding his Hoarsness called upon him once more telling him in a very loud Note That if he went on opposing the Council he would bring the Indignation of all Europe upon his Back it being plain to every body that the Assembly of Basil was a General Council by the same Authority that he was Pope that is by the Authority of the Synod of Constance concluding his Letter to him thus I have often declared and protested and I do it now again in the sight of God and Men That if your Holiness do not change your Measures you will infallibly be the Cause of a most pernicious Schism Eugenius being taken dangerously sick at this time the Basileans when they heard of it passed a Decree presently That in case of a Vacancy of the Roman See it should not be lawful for the Cardinals to chuse a Pope any where but in the Place where the Council was sitting and fearing lest Eugenius might if he died before his Death have named some Cardinals they decreed likewise That since the multiplying of Cardinals was both prejudicial and chargeable to the Church it should not be lawful for the Pope to create any during the Session of the Council ordering at the same time a Leaden Seal to be made for the Use of the Synod which on the one side was to have the Holy Ghost in the figure of a Dove and on the other The Sacred General Council of Basil and having constituted the Cardinal St. Eustathia Governour and Vicar of the City of Avignion and named Judges and Prosecutors in Matters of Faith and all the other Officers of a Court of Judicature they passed a Decree That no Person belonging to the Council could be called from it to the Court of Rome or to any other Place Eugenius beginning to fear lest the Council which grew every Day stronger and stouter might if he did not do something to mollify them serve him as that of Constance had done John the 23d did much against the grain of his own Nature and the haughty Spirit of his See submit so far as to send three Nuncios to them who having in a publick Audience made long Harangues of the Mischiefs of a Schism and of the great Power Christ had committed to the Pope were answered by the Fathers and dismissed with this Message to their Master that the Sacred Synod could not treat with him until by a publick Bull he had revoked his pretended Dissolution of it and did either come in Person or send his Legats to preside in it And the Prosecutors of the Causes of the Synod after that the Term in the Citation was expired having demanded that Eugenius should be pronounced Contumacious in order to their proceeding farther against him the said Nuncios humbly beseeched the Synod to suspend the passing of that Sentence upon their Master which at the Request of Sigismund was granted and sixty Days more were allowed to him to comply with what was required During which Term Eugenius sent other Nuncios with some Propositions of Accommodation the revoking his late Bull publickly which the Synod insisted on being a thing of so hard digestion that he did not know how to swallow it The Propositions offered by the new Nuncios to the Synod were That Eugenius if they would revoke all the Decrees they had made against him was ready to revoke all in general he had said or done against them and that if they would consent to his having called a Council at Bononia if the Bohemians should refuse to come to that City he was content to allow the Fathers some time to treat with them at Basil on condition that when the Term he had set them was expired they should immediately repair to Bononia Against which City if the Fathers had any just Exception they might name any other City in Italy and if they would not agree to that neither that they should then name twelve of the most moderate Prelats of their own Body in conjunction with the Embassadors to be Judges of the whole Matter who if they should judg it to be most convenient that the Council should sit in Germany should name any City therein for it except Basil The Fathers being extreamly offended with these shuffling Propositions told the Nuncios That they could not sufficiently admire at their Proposals being so involved and clogged with Reservations as if the Matters they came to treat with them were not of a religious Nature and to be handled with Integrity but were Matters of Trade or Commerce and fit only to be treated about by Hucksters A most true Character of all that the Popes did to destroy the Supremacy of Councils Adding That since Eugenius had not by any thing that they had proposed intimated his being ready to revoke his Bull of Dissolution but on the contrary seemed rather to seek to have it confirmed they could not therefore take any notice of their Propositions but must go on with their Proceedings against him as a Contemner of the Authority of General Councils For the farther Security whereof they passed a Decree That no Person should hereafter be capable of being chosen Pope who had not given his Consent and Assent upon Oath to the Doctrine of the Synod of Constance concerning the Supremacy of General Councils and their being

frequently to be assembled The last Term of sixty Days being expired the Prosecutors moved again to have Eugenius pronounced Contumacious which the Fathers were hindred from doing by Letters they received from Sigismund assuring them of the Pope's having by a Bull revoked his pretended Dissolution of them and of his having likewise named Legats to go to Basil but who being hindred by some just Impediments had appointed Delegats to supply their place for some time which Bull of Revocation as it pretended to be bore date the 12th of Febr. 1433 and not 32 as it is in Bzovius Wherein Eugenius after having pretended that the Causes why he had formerly dissolved that Council were all ceased he commanded all Patriarchs Arch-Bishops Bishops c. within three Months after the Date of the said Bull to repair to Basil there to celebrate a General Council promising to send his Legats to preside therein in his Name Which Bull notwithstanding it was dispatched some Weeks before the last Nuncios went to Basil was never mentioned by them whose Business was to try if the Fathers would have been satisfied with less who for that Reason knew nothing of the said Bull till they were afterwards acquainted therewith by Sigismund and the Envoys of some German Princes who such as it was had extorted it from Eugenius With which Bull when it was brought to the Synod by some Delegats the Pope not being able it seems to find one Prelat at leisure that was fit to be his Legat on this Occasion the Fathers were more incensed than ever against Eugenius for having offered as if they had been an Assembly of Fools or Children to put an Instrument upon them which by calling a new Council at Basil confirmed his having dissolved the present as a Bull that revoked the Dissolution that it confirmed There was also a Passage in it wherewith the Fathers were highly distasted which was its giving Power to the Presidents and Legats to dispatch the Affairs of the Universal Church with the Advice of the Council this they said destroy'd the Authority of the Council at a blow and of Judges made the Prelats to be only Counsellors to the Presidents whereupon they having declared at large the ill Consequences which must attend its being in the Pope's Power to dissolve or translate General Councils at his Pleasure and that the Belief of such Councils being the Supream Authority of the Church was a Matter of Faith and that Eugenius therefore for having deny'd to hear them deserved to be treated as an Heathen and a Publican they concluded that they would after the Example of their Predecessors die a thousand Deaths rather than betray the Authority of the Church by their Sloth or Cowardise in being satisfied with such an hypocritical Bull or admitting of Presidents with such an Authority as it gave them and so having dismissed the Delegates with their Bull they went on with their Citation of Eugenius with greater Heat than ever And in their twelfth Session which was held on the 13th of July after a long Invective against Eugenius's Obstinacy they had certainly pronounced him contumacious had they not been hindred by Sigismund's Embassadors who desired sixty days more for him by which time they assured the Fathers the Emperor would be with them in Person they decreed nevertheless that at the Expiration of that Term Eugenius if he did not comply with the Synod should be ipso facto suspended But if the Synod was angry with Eugenius for having offered to put such a Trick upon it Eugenius was no less angry with the Synod for having discovered his Trick and by a Bull bearing date the 26th of July after having declared them to be a most seditious Conventicle he voided and nulled all Decrees Citations c. made by them against him and his Cardinals commanding all Christians upon pain of Excommunication not to have any regard to the Basileans or to any thing they did being a pack of factious Spirits set on to disturb the Peace of the World But this angry Bull was so far from terrifying the Council that they had certainly declared him Contumacious on the day of the Expiration of the last Term had not their Protector the Duke of Bavaria obtained 30 days more for him after the granting whereof the Archbishop of Spalato and the Bishop of Cervina the Pope's Nuncios knowing nothing of what had passed came to the Council desiring the Fathers not to pronounce Sentence against their Master the 60 days which had been allowed not being as yet expired The Cardinal Julianus told them thereupon that they had not been acquainted it seem'd with the Council's having granted the Pope 30 days more asking them whether they had brought his Adhesion to the Synod or not to which the Nuncios returned no Answer they having brought only a loose general Proposition of revoking all that had been done by the Pope provided the Synod would do the same as to all that they had done against him but without any particular mention of the Bull of Dissolution which the Pope could not endure to think of revoking by a publick Bull. This Proposition having been rejected with Indignation by the Fathers the Pope was so far provoked thereby that he published another Bull against them bearing date the 2d of September Wherein having taken notice of the Synod's having presumptuously cited him and his Cardinals he commands all Christians under pain of Anathema to look upon the said Citation and all the Effects thereof as void and null he having by these Presents in defence of the Dignity of his Holy See declared them so to be But when the thirty days the Duke of Bavaria had obtained for Eugenius were expired the Synod assembled on the 10th of October with a full purpose to have pronounced him Contumacious which as they were ready to have done News was brought that the Emperor was just alighted and was making himself ready to come to Church to them the Fathers overjoy'd at the News went in a body to wait upon him who after he had received their Congratulations going with them to the Place of their Assembly prevailed with them to suspend their Sentence a Week longer and when that was expired he desired them to adjourn the passing of it till the 8th of November which day being come the 14th Session was held with great Solemnity the Emperor assisting thereat in his Imperial Robes and with all his other Royal Insignia Wherein the Fathers having at the Emperor's Request allowed Eugenius ninety days more they drew up several Forms of Adhesion leaving it to him which of them he would sign requiring him particularly besides the Bull of Dissolution to repeal and void the last three Bulls he had published to their Prejudice Eugenius notwithstanding the Council was thus hard upon him dreading it now that the Emperor was in it much more than he had done before sent his Letters of Adhesion to it which having been presented to