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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26549	The present state of the United Provinces of the Low-Countries as to the government, laws, forces, riches, manners, customes, revenue, and territory of the Dutch in three books / collected by W.A., Fellow of the Royal Society.	Aglionby, William, d. 1705.	1669 (1669)	Wing A766; ESTC R21416	140,978	444

of severity and mildness he had without doubt better fitted the humour of the Nations he had to do with He is to this very day in great aversion among the Hollanders who call all cruell men by his name It is said of him that he bragg'd he had brought above 18000. to their end by the hand of justice I know not whether it be true but I know that the States have founded the justice of their pretensions upon his cruelties He govern'd six years and left no body afflicted for his depart It was said and well said that either King Philip should never have sent him or never have recall'd him CHAP. IX The Government of Don Lewis and the great Councell of State LEwis of Requesens high Commander of the Kingdome of Castilia was sent in the place of the Duke and his famous Statue which he had caused to be set up in Antwerp was pull'd down by his order to the great satisfaction of the States His first care was to set out a Fleet to succour Mondragonius a brave Captain who had defended Middleburgh almost two years but he was ignorant that the Sea was the Throne these Nations intended to settle their Empire in The Earl Bossu had been beaten the year afore by the Hollanders and now the Zelanders burn'd and destroyed this Fleet in the presence of Don Lewis and took Middleburgh The Count Lewis of Nassaw had worse fortune for having brought a brave Army out of Germany he was met at Nimmiegue by Davila and entirely defeated himself and his Brother slain This victory was followed by a sedition in the Spanish Army which much weakened their power but being appeas'd were sent before Leyden in hopes of having the pillageing of that Town but being there shamefully repulsed their indignation fell upon their Generall whom they detained in prison till they had received their full pay After that they took Oudewater and Schoonhof Many Propositions and Treaties were advanced but none taking effect Don Lewis fram'd that famous enterprize by many thought impossible of besieging Ziriczee This Island was in the Confederates hands and the Royalists waded through the Sea up to the neck to go and besiege it 't is true there was no hopes of a return the Sea being encreased by the flowing water Ziriczee held out nine moneths after which it yeelded Vitellio a great Captain died during that siege and Don Lewis followed him shortly after By his death the Authority came into the hands of the Cou●cell of State who for want of union ruin'd the Kings affairs and gave occasion to a fourth sedition of the Spaniards A little after followed the pacification of Gand and the alliance of the Provinces against the Spaniards who seeing themselves generally hated and that the inhabitants of Antwerp were about to divide the Town from the Cittadell by a Trench agreed at last with the Governour Davila and sallying out plunder'd the Town for three dayes together which was a most barbarous and detestable action CHAP. X. The Government of Don John of Austria and of the Prince of Parma DOn John of Austria was receiv'd Governour upon condition that he should subscribe to the pacification of Gand which he did but finding himself without Authority he surprized Namur whereupon the States proclaimed him as an enemy and raised an Army He was a Bastard of Charles the fifth and had made himself famous by that immortall Battle of Lepanto against the Turks in which he was Generall The States chose in the mean time the Archduke Matthias Brother to the Emperour Rodolf for their Governour Then having assembled their Army at Gemblours they faced Don Johns Forces who couragiously engaging them obtained the victory but liv'd not long after it declaring Alexander Prince of Parma for his successour This was that famous Alexander who by his valour and conduct reduced all Artois Hainaut Flanders and Brabant to their obedience who took Antwerp Malines Ipres Brussels and many other Cities and at last he had brought the Confederates to the necessity of submitting to some forreign Prince for protection if God had not raised up Prince Morrice to defend them In the mean time the Archduke Matthias finding that the States had a mind to be rid of him and were ready to call the Duke of Alencon and make him Duke of Brabant left the Low-Countreys The Duke of Alencon went first into England in hopes of being married to Queen Elizabeth but the match being deferr'd he went into Brabant and took possession of the Dutchy In the year 1582. the Prince of Orange was shot in the face with a Pistoll which made the people take some jealousie of the French and threaten to cut their throats and their new Dukes He on his side did complain that all the Authority was in the Prince of Orange his hand and thereupon fram'd a design upon Antwerp but fail'd when it came to the execution so that they were forced to leave the Town and soon after Alexander made them quit the Countrey in which he did still advance having taken Tournay Oudenard and Breda defeated Biron and taken Dunkirk All this while William Prince of Orange was seriously employed in framing and giving Laws to this new Commonwealth but being wakened by the progress of Alexander Duke of Parma he made a Remonstrance to the United Provinces that now there was but two wayes left to provide for their safety the one was to submit and patiently yeeld to the Spanish domination the other to declare the King of Spain to be fallen from and to have lost his right to the said Provinces and thereupon choose another Prince mentioning the Duke of Alenson The last of these was followed and in a generall Assembly at Antwerp King Philip was depriv'd of his right and power in those Provinces and the Duke of Alenson as it has been said before chosen in his place It is to the great wit and prudence of this Prince of Orange that Holland owes its liberty but he liv'd not to enjoy the fruit of his labour for he was assassinated at Delft the same year and day that the Duke of Alenson died at Chastea● Thyerry Alexander having reduced Ipres and Bergue resolv'd against the opinion of all to besiege Antwerp and though he met with inconceivable difficulties in the execution yet he atchiev'd his enterprize with great glory But his noble actions and the brave resistance of the United Provinces with all the series of the long War they have maintain'd for the defence of their liberties have been eloquently written by divers good Authors to whom we refer the Reader our scope in this short Narration being only to instruct him how Holland and the other Provinces were govern'd before their union which having perform'd we now come to our main design which is to give a particular Account of this Union of the Conditions upon which it was concluded and by which it yet stands as it follows in the Second Part of this Book

name succeeded his Brother Thierry and his Neece Ada. He had War with the Bishop of Utrect and on both sides the Countrey was much ruin'd but by agreement at last he was to pay to the Bishop a thousand Talents Upon the news of the death of his Uncle the King of Scotland he immediately rigg'd out a great Fleet to put himself in possession of that Kingdome which he thought was his right and in pursuance of his design landed in Scotland and took divers Towns but hearing the Earl of Loen his Nephew was come into Holland with an Army he forsook the uncertain for the certain He had two Wives Alide of Gueldres by whom he had three Sons and two Daughters and Mary Daughter to the Duke of Lancaster who had no Children He died in the year 1223. having reign'd nineteen years Florent the Seventeenth Florent the fourth Son to William was married to Matthild Daughter of the Duke of Brabant who had two Sons William and Florent and two Daughters Alide Coun●ess of Hainaut and Matthild Countess of Heneberg that had at one birth as many Children as there are days in the year This Prince was extream valiant which was the cause of his death for the Countess of Clermont having heard much of his valour was so desirous to see him that she entreated her Husband to publish a solemn Turnament Florent fail'd not to be there and by his noble carriage so charm'd the Countess that she could not hold praising of him before her Husband who thereupon conceiv'd so much jealousie that he caused him to be barbarously murder'd in the flower of his age His Body was transported into Holland and buried at Rinsburg William the Eighteenth William the second being yet under age succeeded to his Father under the Guardianship of his Uncle the Bishop his Wife was Elizabeth of Brunswick by whom he had Florent This Prince was of a very warlike temper and by reason of his valour was chosen King of the Romans at the age of twenty years He first held a Court at the Hague to hear the complaints of the Hollanders and Zelanders in the protection of whom he sent his Brother with an Army against the Flemmings who were entred the Island of Walkeren in Zeland There was so stout a ●encounter between the two Armies that the ground for a great space was all covered with the blood of the Flemmings The King upon the news ●astened into Zeland and sav'd the lives of the rest of the Flemmings but sent them away stark naked After this he went into Germany where he was receiv'd with great honour and joy coming back he overcame the Frizelanders in one Battell and a little before the second he was kill'd having govern'd twenty one years It was he that founded the Colledge of the Heemrades where a Diikgrave presides Florent the Nineteenth This Prince was two years under the Guardianship of his Uncle and his Aunt Alide Countess of Haina●t To make up the difference between the Hollanders and Flemmings he married Beat●ix of Flanders by whom he had five Sons and three Daughters the youngest of which Margaret was Queen of England To revenge his Fathers death he fell upon the Frizelanders whom he worsted and recover'd the dead Body of his Father which he caused to be buried with royall obsequies In his old age he corrupted the Wife of one Gerard de Velsen a Gentleman of his Court whom he had much lov●● and it was rather to affront him than out of a desire to satisfie his lusts but Gerard and Herman de Vourd his Father-in-law resolv'd to be reveng'd and by conspiracy seized the Earls person and carried him to the Castle of Mude where hearing of the Preparations made in Holland against them they made the Earl get on Horseback thinking to convey him into England but being too hotly pursued Gerard gave him twenty two wounds with his Sword and left him dead in a Ditch This murder remain'd not unrevenged for some Authors write that Gerard being taken was put into a Hogshead full of sharp nails and so rolled up and down the Streets at Leyden till he died John the Twentieth John the first of that name being in England at the time of his Fathers death there was some trouble in Holland which was soon appeased by his presence He married Elizabeth Daughter to Edward King of England by whom he had no Children In his time there was a Giant in Holland nam'd Nicolas to whom other men compared were but Dwarfs his Shooe was so wide that four men together could set all their feet in it The said Earl John died at Harlem having reigned three years and made room for the House of Hainaut CHAP. III. The House of Hainaut John of Hainaut the Twenty first JOhn the second of this name Son to Alide Countess of Hainaut Sister to King William succeeded his Cousin-german in 1299. and took in marriage Philippine Daughter to the Duke of Luxemburg by whom he had three Sons and four Daughters He was five years Earl of Holland and did defend with much vigour his Brother who was Bishop of Utrect against those who endeavoured to deprive him of his Bishoprick It is said that in those dayes there was seen in the Air an arm'd Knight who with a loud voice animated the people to War and that the Sea also was seen full of Ships which vanished before the eyes of them that curiosity had brought upon the shore These apparitions were taken as prognosticks of the War that a little after happened between the Hollanders and Flemmings in Zeland in which the Flemmings were defeated by the valour of William Son to the Earl John but he outliv'd his victory a very small time and lies buried at Valenciennes William sirnamed the Good the Twenty second William the third by reason of his good nature and vertuous disposition was call'd the Good He had divers Children by his Wife Jane of Valois viz. William Lewis John Margaret Dutchess of Bavaria and Empress Jane Countess of Juliers Philippine Queen of England and Elizabeth In his time Holland was much aff●●cted with plague and famine In the year 1328. Philip King of France gave a great overthrow to the Flemmings being assisted by the Forces of this Earl He reign'd thirty three years William the Twenty third This young Prince led an Army into Spain to assist that King against the Infidels and got much honour in that War Being come back into Holland he besieged Utrect and being ready to take and sack the Town he was prevail'd upon by the Gentry to give the Citizens their lives upon condition that five hundred of the best qualified should come bare-foot and bare-head and fall down upon their knees before him and crave his pardon for their faults After this he went against the Frizelanders where fighting too boldly he was kill'd near Staveron He left no Children by his Wife Jane of Brabant Margaret August Countess the Twenty fourth This Princess

is bound to send to the Nobles and to the Deputies of Towns the deliberations and resolves made in the Assembly Zeeland being also govern'd by States there are two sorts of Members viz. the Nobles and the Deputies of Towns the Prince of Orange as Marquess of Treveer and Flessingue represents the Nobles by his Deputy in the Assemblies at Middlebourg and has the first place The Towns that send their Deputies are Middlebourg Ziriczee Tergoes Tertole Flessingue and Treveer these States meet as often as they think fit and in the intervals seven Deputies supply their room one in the Name of the Prince who represents the Nobility and in the Name of each Town one to whom are added the Pensioner and the Secretary Besides Walachria which is the principal Island of Zeeland has the right of holding a particular Assembly at Middlebourg which is ordinarily call'd the Assembly of the States of the Isle of Walachria and is composed of one Deputy in the Name of the Prince of Orange and of six others three for Middlebourg Flessingue and Treveer two for the rich Landowners of the Island call'd de breed geerfde to whom is adjoyn'd a Secretary CHAP. XII Of the Governors of the United Provinces untill the Year 1650. WIlliam Prince of Orange was the first Governor General of the United Provinces and since by the desert of this Family this so great a charge has been continued in it it will not be amiss to set down their Titles and Lordships here They are Princes of Orange Counts of Nassaw Catinilibogue Viande Diest Lingue Meurs Bure and Leerdam c. Marquess of Treveer and Flessingue Lords Barons of Breda Grave Cuych Diest Grimbergue Harental Branendock Warneston Arlac Noseroy Saint Vite Doesbourg Polan Wilemstad Nieuward Ysselstein of the Fort Saint Martin Guertrude●bergue Chasteanrenart of the two Swal●es of Naddwick Vicounts hereditary of Antwerp and Besanson Governors of Gueldres Holland Zeeland West-Friezeland Zutphen Overyssel and Generals by Sea and by Land This first noble Prince having been wickedly assassinated in the year 1584. brought such a consternation upon the United Provinces that many Towns nay some Provinces fell back under the Spanish domination The Earl of Meurs was Governor of Gueldres and Utrect The Hollanders and Zeelanders chose by provision the Prince Maurice younger son to the deceased Prince William William Lewis Earl of Nassaw had been receiv'd General in Friezeland not long before the Earl of Hohenlo had the conduct of the Army and the Council of State the management of affairs But things were in so great a confusion that the States m●strusting their own strength offer'd themselves to the French who having used them ill they address'd themselves to ' Queen Elizabeth of England with whom they prevailed at last to send them Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester He came into Holland in 1585. with so absolute a power that no Governor before him ever had the like for he had power to name one half of the Council of State and because he was a credulous easie man he suffer'd himself to be led by the Nose by some Strangers about him who little intended the advantage of the Low-Countries and himself being a particular Enemy to Prince Maurice and the Earl of Hohenlo at last the hatred against him became great and all the affections of the people and Souldiers turn'd to Maurice the treacherous actions of Stanly and York English Commanders who had deliver'd Deventer and Zutphen to the Spaniard had much exasperated the States and now a general fear began to possess the Lovers of their Countrey least they should either be sold or oppress'd whereupon the States of Five Provinces gave all the charge of governing to Prince Maurice who being setled did soon quash all jealousies and suspicions which did already make people apt to sedition and tumults But since our design is not to write Annals we need not here recite all the glorious actions of Prince Maurice it is only fit to observe that William Lewis Earl of Nassaw then Governor of Friezeland and since 1550. Governor of Groningue and Omlande was alwayes in perfect intelligence with his Cousin Maurice and so this famous couple of the Nassavian Family advanc'd the affairs of the United Provinces conjoyntly Maurice died the 23. of April in the Year 1625. he was a very great Captain and of incomparable conduct in War and politick affairs Maurice being dead and Spinola the Spanish General having then besieged Breda a Town of great importance for the States they presently chose Henry Frederick of Nassaw his Brother for General in his room and not long after Gueldres Holland Zeeland Utrect and Overyssel accepted of him for their Governor Groningue Omlande and Drent submitted to Ernest Lasimir of Nassaw Brother to William Lewis of Nassaw who was also Governor of Friezeland Prince Henry was a worthy successor to his Brothers deserts as well as Honours and carried himself with singular valour and prudence his Cousin Ernest was no small help to him and the Provinces being a most excellent Field Officer and in that imployment he died at the siege of Ruremonde in the Year 1632. His successor to his Governments of Friezeland c. was his son Prince Henry the A●hilles of the Hollander he was young and by his beginnings did promise so much as might make all men wish him a longer life but he was kill'd in the Year 1640. his very Enemies bearing witness of his noble valour and the Friezelanders much afflicted chose his Brother William Frederick of Nassaw who worthily supplyed his Brothers loss Groningue Omlande and Drent coming back to Henry Frederick Prince of Orange who died likewise at the Hague in 1647. the 14th of March having first forced the Spaniards to make Peace His only son William took the Oath of Allegiance to the States the same day as General of all their Forces both by Sea and Land A little after six of the Provi 〈…〉 s chose him for their Governor as they had promised his Father but Friezeland alone being already provided of Prince William Frederick made no change but engaged that in case he should die they would then choose the Prince of Orange But O unexpected misfortune just as all the Provinces were in hopes of living in a flourishing condition under the protection of this William the second he died at the Hague in the Year 1650. and that in so short a time that the noise of his disease did scarce fore-run the news of his death he left the Princess his Lady with Child of a son of whom she was brought abed eight dayes after the Princes death who is the now Prince of Orange whom God keep and preserve and give him his Ancestors spirit CHAP. XIII Of the charge of Governour IT is a hard matter to reduce the charge of Governour under certain Heads because hitherto the Provinces have given them such different instructions that they have had a hand in every thing The States General have

Suits about the publick revenue and receit of Customes c. In the absence of the Governour Generall they determine all Causes concerning Prisoners of War touching Plunder and Booty c. Here follows the method they use in all their affairs 1. They do the business that concerns the whole Province 2. Those affairs that regard Towns and Corporations Last of all They decide the Controversies between private persons The Counsellors of the Admiralty who are six in number ought to be very carefull and to act conjoyntly with the Admirall the States and their Deputies to have alwayes a convenient Fleet ready to secure the Sea from Pirates and that all Merchants and Passengers passing to and fro upon Rivers and Channels be duely provided of Pasports They are also to find out the ablest Pilots and stoutest Captains and when they have sworn them give them their Orders They are soveraign Judges of all abuses and frauds committed in falsifying and counterfeiting Pasports as also of all quarrels and suits between Sea-men and Souldiers aboard the Ships In a word they have all the power that Admirals do enjoy in England France or any other Countrey I have not time to shew here by what Agents and Officers the States do administer justice to their Subjects keep accounts of their treasure give Livings and Fees to be held from them and many other things which would require a greater Volume It remains to satisfie some Politicians curiosity who would know it may be whether our State be Monarchie Aristocracie or Democracie or of which of these it participates most To which I answer that I think the Government of Holland to be a fit mixture of them all In the person of the Governour Generall who commands the Armies both at Land and Sea with an absolute Authority is seen Monarchie the States represent Aristocracie and Democracie is seen in the Government of the Cities and Towns for nothing is done without the consent of the meanest Inhabitant CHAP. XXIV The Proclamation of the States of Holland and West-Frieze touching the ancient Right of the Common-wealth of Holland THe Knights Nobles and Towns of Holland and West-Frieze representing the States of the said Provinces after a mature deliberation and communication of the business with the Nobles and Senates of Towns and carefully weigh'd their advice and answer have in discharge of their Oath and duties thought fit to publish and make known to all the world by a publick Edict the State of Government of the said Provinces being perswaded that all Readers will be inclin'd to pitty and favour the deplorable estate of our Countrey It is most certain for that in past ages for the time of 800. years the Soveraign Administration of the Provinces of Holland West-Frieze or Zeeland was committed to the care of Earls or Countesses who had receiv'd this power from the States and that upon certain Conditions These Earls did govern with so much moderation and prudence that they did never undertake either to declare War or make Peace or lay Imposts or Taxes without asking the advice and consent of the Nobles and of the Magistrates of Towns though they had their own Privy Councellors men of great capacity and abilities but they did much yeeld to the Authority of the States for any business that concern'd these Nations This Government thus founded upon equity and justice could not choose but attract the blessings of Heaven upon its Lords and indeed it did for no Princes ever perform'd more glorious actions or receiv'd more demonstrations of honour from their Neighbours than they William the second Earl of Holland was chosen Emperor in the year 1247. And that which is yet an addition of glory for these Princes is that they have maintain'd many bloody Wars obtain'd many famous victories and alwayes so defended the very borders of their States that their enemies have not been able to get any ground upon them We may also protest with truth that in the space of 800. years Holland and Zeeland were never conquer'd nor subjected by any Strangers whatsoever neither did they pass under the power of any Foreign Prince which is an advantage that we believe no State in Europe except it be the Republick of Venice can brag of We do ingeniously confess that the firm Constitution of this our Government does consist in the union and good intelligence which is between the States and the Prince for the power of these Earls was very inconsiderable without the help of the States they having nothing but their own Demean or Revenue to live upon and uphold the splendor of their Court We have also observ'd by what means and Authority they have often made their Courts remember that duty which some evil counsellors had perswaded them to forget and that not only by Remonstrances and Petitions but often by chastizing and personally punishing those who wickedly abusing the Princes Authority did lead them so much out of the way of justice and moderation We find likewise in our Histories that the States have chosen Guardians for their Princes under age and that William the Fifth being run mad they created a Lieutenant-Governour in his room In a word 't is a thing question'd by no body that the Soveraign power was alwayes in the States whensoever their Princes came to die or were otherwise disabled from performing the Functions of their Charge and in those Cases they did appoint a Governour whom they called Guardian or Ruwarde Under the Domination of the Dukes of Burgundy this Right was also maintain'd for a little after the death of Charles their Duke and his Daughter the Dutchess Mary Maximilian of Austria having undertaken to introduce some novelties and oppress the Authority of the States was so oppos'd that had he continued he had without doubt undone himself The Emperor Charles being yet minor receiv'd Guardians and the Provinces receiv'd Governors from the said States and though their liberties had suffer'd some diminution under the Dukes of Burgundy yet did the said Emperor alwayes respect and honour them as being perswaded that without their assistance his power could not stand Upon this Subject he gave many grave admonitions to his Son wishing him to govern with all moderation and not by any means to exasperate that power whose consent he must have to enjoy his Prerogative And indeed he now knows to his own and these Provinces great cost the truth of what his Father did foretell for there can be no other cause alledged of the troubles and revolutions of the Low-Countreys than his going about to infringe their Priviledges and fasten the yoke of servitude about their necks Though these things be as clear as day yet we have thought it necessary to publish them to the world because that many being yet in suspence and ill-inform'd do think that the States are only a tumultuous Assembly of some Deputies who being men concern'd in the quarrell do carry on things more according to their own ends than