with an Army at Sea and munition he would raise some troubles within the Realme Sosibius imbracing this occasion gaue the King and his Councell to vnderstand that this must not be heard with a deafe eare and that he must seaze vpon Cleomenes and giue him a Guard The which being put in execution they gaue him a spacious House where hee liued with Guards differing therein from other Prisoners for that hee had a larger Prison Cleomenes considering this and hauing little hope for the future resolued to hazard all and yet without hope to effect any thing and being in extreame despaire but desiring to make an honourable Death and not to suffer any thing that might seeme vnfitting for the greatnesse of his Courage I immagine likewise that hee had an humour and had propounded to himselfe that which commonly great Spirits doe in these Tearmes That in dishonour I doe not basely fall Courage my heart let 's brauely venture all When as hee had obserued the Voyage which the King made to the Towne of Canope hee caused it to be bruited among his Guards that hee should bee soone set at liberty Wherefore he made a Banquet to his people and sent offering and Garlands of Flowers to the Guards And moreouer store of Wine Whilest they made good cheere and were all drunke hee goes out of the House with his Friends and Seruants their Swords in their hands in the open day the which the Guard neuer perceiued And when as marching in this manner they met with Ptolomy in the Market place they ouer-threw him from his Chariot and slew him Whereat all those that did accompany him were amazed at the greatnesse of the fact Finally they beganne to cry Liberty vnto the people But when as no man stirred considering the greatnesse of the Crime they turned head and assailed the Fortresse as if the Gate had beene ouer-throwne by the Treason of the Souldiers and that they should presently take it But for that the Guards foreseeing the danger had Rampred vp the Gate in the end they slew themselues being frustrated of their hope and dyed an honourable Death worthy of a Spartaine Courage Behold the end of Cleomenes a man of great Eloquence in speaking and of great Resolution in Warre Who it seemes wanted nothing that did sauour of a King but a Realme After Cleomenes Theodote borne in Etolia and Gouernour of base Syrria soone after resolued to haue intelligence with Antiochus and to deliuer him the Townes of his gouernment For that hee partly contemned the King for his negligence and idlenesse and partly the Courtiers growing distrustfull for that a little before hee had propounded a good aduice vnto the King aswell for other things as to resist Antigonus seeking to make Warre against Syrria Wherein hee was not onely distastfull but they caused him to come to Alexandria where he was in danger of his life Antiochus accepting this offer gladly the matter came to effect But to the end we may withall declare this Race seeking out the Empire of Antiochus let vs make our entry summarily from those times to come vnto the Warre whereof we meane to Treate You must vnderstand that Antiochus the younger was Sonne vnto Seleucus surnamed Callinice Who after the death of his Father when the Realme fell to Seleucus his elder Brother liued in the beginning priuately in his House in the high Countrey of the Realme But his Brother being slaine in Treason as wee haue sayd after hee had past Mount Tauris with an Army he tooke the Empire and Raigned giuing the gouernement of all the Prouince which lyes on this side Tauris to Acheus and Molon And to his brother Alexander the high Countries of his Realme So as Molon should haue Media and his brother Persida These contemning the King for his Age for he was scarce fifteene yeares old and hoping to draw Acheus to their Conspiracy fearing moreouer the cruelty and Treachery of Hermes who then had the Gouernment of the whole Realme resolued to abandon the King and to change the Estate of the Prouinces which they helde Hermes was borne in Caria to whom Seleucus the Kings brother had giuen the gouernment of the Realme relying in him from the time they past Mount Tauris Wherefore being aduanced to this supreame Authority he enuled all those which had any power in Court being outragious and cruell by Nature condemning innocents at his pleasure and fauouring wicked men and Lyers Finally he was cruell and rough in his iudgements But among other things he watcht an opportunity to kill Epigene who was Lieutenant Generall of Seleucus his Army For that he found him a man of great Eloquence and great execution hauing fauour and Authority in the Army And although he plotted this in his minde continually yet hee kept it secret seeking some occasion to effect his enterprize Finally when as the Councell was assembled to conferre vpon Meloâ—s Rebellion and that the King had commaunded euery man to deliuer 〈◊〉 opinion and that Epigene beginning first had sayd that this businesse was not to be held of small importance and that it was necessary the King should approach the Countrey holding himselfe ready when time should require and that by this meanes Molon would giue ouer his enterprize the King being neere with a great Army or if hee did persist in that which hee had begunne the people would deliuer all the Traytors into the Kings hands Then Hermes enraged sayd vnto himâ— Epigene hauing long concealed thy Treason thy disloyalty hath in the end beene discouered in this Councell Labouring to deliueâ— the Kings person into the hands of Traytors Hauing spoken thus and in some sort shewed his slander hee left Epigeâ—e Finally shewing a countenance rather of importune indignation then of any manifest hatred hee persisted in his opinion not to leade an Army against Molon fearing the danger For that the Souldiers were not invâ—ed to Warre and that they should vse all diligence to make Warre against Ptolomy holding that sure by reason of the Kings negligence and idlenesse By this meanes when hee had stopt the mouthes of all that were in the Assembly for feare he sent Xenon Theodote and Hermioly with an Army against Molon Giuing King Antiochus to vnderstand that hee should presently vndertake the Warre of Syrria Thinking by this meanes that if the King were roundly beset with Warre hee should neuer be punished for the offences which hee had formerly committed Neither should hee loose his Authority for the necessity and continuall dangers wherein the King should be daily Wherefore in the end hee brought a counterfeite Letter as sent from Acheus to the King The Tenour whereof was that Ptolomy had solicited him to enter into Warre to get the Principallity and that hee would furnish him with money and munition if he would take the Crowne vpon him and that it was apparent to all the World that hee pretended to be a King The which
most eminent place of Media the which was suddainly performed by them which had the Charge who after they had carried it to Callonite crucified it neere vnto the Towne of Zagre When he had giuen great admonitions to Molons Army and pardoned them he sent men to Conduct them into Media and to giue order for the affaires of that Prouince As for himselfe he retired to Seleucia Hermes continuing still in his resolution condemned the Seleucenses in sixe hundred thousand Crownes for that they had reuolted banishing the Diganes and put many to death in Prison by the Sword But the King pacifying his rage intreated the Burgesses curteously and drew from them for a punishment of their reuolte onely fourescore and ten thousand Crownes These things thus pacified hee made Diogene his Lieutenant Generall in Media and Apolodorus in the Prouince of Susâ—s and sent the Chancellour Tychon Lieutenant of his Army into the seuerall Countries of the Red Sea there to lye in Garrison vpon any suddaine occasion which should happen This was the end of Molons reuolte and of the Warre which followed The King glorious of this good fortune and desirous to terrifie the Barbarous Princes his Neighbours to the end they should not presume hereafter to succour his Rebels with men and Victuals marches against them with his Army And first against Artabazenes who was more powerfull then any of the other Princes and neerer to his Citties At the same time Hermes feared to enter into the high Country for the eminent danger and desired as he had from the beginning to lead the Army against Ptolomy But when as certaine newes came of the birth of the Kings sonne hee found this Voyage profitable for him if Antiochus should chance to be slaine by the Barbariains For that being left Tutour vnto the sonne hee should bee Lord of the whole Realme All being thus resolued they past Mount Zagre and ouerranne the Prouince of Artabazanes which ioynes to Media being seperated from it by a Mountaine and on some parts comes to the Pontique Sea on that side of the Countrey which is about Phasiâ— ioyning also to the Hyrcanien Sea Moreouer it abounds in all things necessary for the Warre It hapned that the Persians kept this Principality when in the time of King Alexander they made no account or esteeme of it Artabazenâ—s being amazed at the Kings comming and broken with Age thought good to yeilde vnto Fortune and to agree with the King vpon such conditions as he pleased When the accord was made Apolophanes the Physitian whom the King loued much seeing Hermes abuse his Authority too arrogantly was very carefull for the King and in great feare for those which were about him Wherefore after he had expected the opportunity of time he comes to Antiochus and intreates him to preuent the presumption and impudency of Hermes and not to suffer it any longer least hee fall into his brothers inconuenience for it was not farre off Finally that he should speedily prouide for his safety and for that of his friends Antiochus liked well of his Counsell for that he hated and feared Hermes The King thanked him for that hee had not feared to speake vnto him of things which concerned his safety Apolophanâ—s also seeing that hee had not beene deceiued in the opinion which hee had conceiued of the King grew afterwards more bold and hardy For the rest Antiochus Counselled him to be aduised for his owne good and his friends not onely by words but also by effect And as he sayd he was ready to do all they aduised to that end He made shew that the King had a great disease in his eyes and must indure the paine some daies vntill that time he had gotten leasure to make ready their enterprize They vsed also power to go and aduise with their friends touching this Affaire vnder the shaddow of visitation During which time they made ready the most apt for the execution and were willingly obeyed for the hate they bare to Hermes and were ready to execute the Massacre The Physitians likewise put themselues forward that it was behoouefull that Antiochus should goe take the Ayre in the morning to refresh himselfe Hermes came to the King in the meane time as hath beene sayd together with the Allies which were participant of the enterprize the rest remayned in the Campe as if they knew nothing of the Voyage The others drawing then Antigonus out of the Campe they led him into some by place where at his onely signe they killed Hermes Behold now how he dyed of whom alwayes the punishment was neuer sufficient for his wickednesse The King returned to his Lodging deliuered from a great distresse and feare with a prayse reaching to the Heauens by all the Prouince of his Counsell and of his workes especially when they heard newes of the death of Hermes In the same time the Women of Apamâ—â— killed his Wife and the Children his After that Antiochus was arriued in his lodging hee sent his Army to wiâ—â—er in the Garrisons and aâ— Embassadour to Acheus and first complayning of that that he had taken the Crowne and likewise â—urst accept the name of King And that on the other side hee durst openly declare himselfe to hold the party of Ptoloâ—â— Now we must vnderstand that in the time the King led the Warre to Artabazenes Acheus thinking that hee should dye in the Country there or if he dyed not that hee should without any hindrance draw the Warre into Syrria before his returne Seeing and well percâ—iuing the longnesse of the way and the Conquering of the Kingdome suddainly by the ayde of Cyrrastes that not long since had abandoned the King and parted from Lydia with a great Army And as he was arriued in Laodicea which is in Phrigia he seazed on the Crowne taking also the ambition to be called King and to write to the Townes to doe so being earnestly solicited by a Fugitiue called Synires And as he then continued his voyage and was not farre from Lycaonia the Men of Warre began to mutiny against him being sorry that they led an Army against the first King Wherefore Acheus seeing their fancies turned him from the way he had begun as if hee would make them vnderstand that he drew not in the beginning to Syrria but turned his way to Pisidique pillaging all the Countrey and distributing to the Men of War a maâ—uailous â—ooty so he gained them and returned to his house The King then well aduertised of all these things 〈◊〉 as we haue sayd an Embassadour to Acheus making ready in the meane while all that seemed to bee necessary to bring the Warre vpon Ptolomy And after that all the Army was neere to Apamia in the beginning of the Spring he called his Friends to Councell requiring of euery one their aduice what they thought fit to be done for the Warre When as many had counselled him diuers things concerning the places
a great part of Spaine Where staying about nine yeares conquering many Townes by force and othâ—rs by composition to haue their liues and goods safe hee dyed a Death worthy of his actions For when he had made Warre against couragious and powerfull people he dyed after hee had exposed himselfe to all dangers with great assurance and the admiration of all the World After this the Carthaginians made Asdrubal kinsman to Amilcar who had commaunded the Triremes Generall of their Army At which time the Romanes passed to Sclauonia and to that part of Europe with an Army They which desire to vnderstand truely our Discourse with the beginning and increase of the Romane power must diligently obserue it This Voyage by Sea was vndertaken for the causes which here follow Agron King of Sclauonia was the Sonne of Plurate This King drew to field more foote and Horse than any that had reigned before him in Sclauonia It is true that he was corrupted with money at the perswasion of Demetrius Father to Philip so as he succour'd the Midioniens whom the Etoliens held besieged You must vnderstand that when the Etoliens saw that they could not draw the Midioniens to liue according to their Lawes they began to make Warre against them laying siege to diuers places and doing what they possibly could to take the Citty And as in the meane time the day of the assembly was come wherein they were to chuse another Captaine of the Army and that the besieged were growne so weake as they seemed to haue no other thoughts but of yeilding he which at that time was Generall came vnto the Etoliens and let them vnderstand that it was reasonable that he who had indured so great paines and exposed himselfe to so many dangers during the Warre should haue the booty and spoile of the enemies if they were vanquished There were many euen of those which had any colour to attaine vnto that charge who discontented with this kind of demaund intreated the multitude not to determine any thing but to leaue the booty to him to whom Fortune should giue it Finally the Etoliens decreed that whosoeuer should winne the Towne he should share a moiety of all the Booty Riches and Armes with him who formerly had beene the Commaunder While matters stood on these termes and that within three dayes after the Assembly was to meete where according to the Custome of the Etoliens the last Commaunder was to be Deposed and a new choses there arriued in the night about a hundred ships neere to Midionia with ten thousand men of Sclauonia Who after they had recouered the Port and the day began to breake they landed in haste and by stealth and then they marched in battell after their manner against the Etoliens Army And although the Etoliens being aduertised of their comming were at the first amazed at this newes and the boldnesse of the Sclauonians Yet hauing great spirits and courage relying also in their Forces they drew out before their Campe the greatest part of their Horse and Armed men and placed vpon some passages which were not farre from the Camp some Horses and such as were lightly Armed The which were charged and broken by the Sclauonians as well by reason of the multitude of their Souldiers as for that the middest of their battell was strongly fortified In regard of the Horse-men they were forced to flye shamefully vnto their Campe From thence thorough the aduantage of the place they marcht speedily against those which kept the Plaine whom they charged and put presently to flight The Midionians sally forth and pursue them so as there was a great slaughter of the Etoliens and many Prisoners with the spoile of all their baggage hauing found no resistance When as the Sclauonians had performed their Kings Commaund and shipt all their baggage and booty they set sayle and retire to their houses The Midionians also being thus preserued contrary to their hope they assembled and held a Councell among themselues as well for other affaires as for the diuision of the booty taken from the Enemy and of their Armes to deuide them in common by an example taken of him who had beene Chiose of the Etoliens and of those which according to the decree of the Etoliens should succeed him as if Fortune had done it willingly to make the world know her force by the misfortune of the others In truth these in a short time made their Enemies to feele the miseries which they themselues expected suddainly The Etoliens after this misery serued for an example to the world not to hold future things as already done nor to put their hope in things which may succeed otherwise And that wee must alwayes reserue some part in things which may happen contrary to our hope as well as in all other actions seeing we are men as in the affaires of Warre When as the victorious ships were arriued King Agron transported with incredible ioy for the exploits of his men hauing vanquished the Etoliens relying much vpon their forces he gaue himselfe so to banqueting in the night and to a foolish delight of drinking and watching as hee fell into a Pleurisie the which grew so violent as hee died within few dayes after After whose death his Wife Teuca reigned gouerning the Realme by the counsell and aduice of her Friends But afterwards shee followed her womanish affections hauing no care but of this prosperity nor any regard to forreigne affaires suffering all those that would goe to Sea to spoile all passengers Shee also raised a great Army at Sea letting the Captaines vnderstand that the Countrey which was right against hers was Enemy vnto her Who at the first assailed the Elienses and Messenâ—ens whom the Sclauonians spoiled often But for that there is a large Sea and that the Townes of those Regions were all vpon the firme Land they could not easily preuent the Sclauonians courses and therefore they did spoile and ruine the Countrey without any obstacle And as at the same time they sayled to Epirus to fetch victuals they came to Phenice where there were about eight hundred Gaules entertained by the Epirotes to guard the Towne Heere they landed and parled with them to deliuer it whereunto they yeelded so as they tooke it and all that was within it by the helpe of the Gaules When the Epirotes had the newes they came presently to succour them with all their people and lodged vpon the banks of a neere Riuer Then they tooke away the planks of the Bridge to be free from the danger of those which kept the Towne In the meane time they were aduertised that Scerdilaide came by Land with fiue thousand men by the Streights of Antigonia Wherefore they deuided their Army in two whereof the one went to guard the passages of Antigonia and the other remained in the Campeidlely and negligently consuming what was in that Countrey without feare and
according to the diuersity of the times vntill the dayes of Alexander and Phillip yet striuing with all their meanes to gouerne their Common-weales in a Comminalty which contayned twelue Townes who are yet in being except Olena and Elix which an Earthquake swallowed vp before the Battell of Leuctres Behold the Citties Patras Dymes Phare Tritee Leanty Egire Pelleue Bure Cerannie Carynie Olene and Elix But in the time of Alexander and before the Olimpiade which we haue mentioned they grew into so great dissention namely for the Kings of Macedon that the Townes thus deuided held it would bee a great good vnto them to make Warre one against another So as some drew vnto them the forces of Demetrius and Cassander and soone after those of Antigonus The others were imployed by the Kings whereof there were many at that time in Greece But in the hundred and foure and twentieth Olimpiade as wee haue sayd they began againe to be reconciled at such time as Pyrrhus King of Epirus past into Italy First they of Patras Dymes Tritee and Phare were reconciled when as there was no title of common alliance betwixt them Fiue yeeres after they of Egire chased away their Garrison and ioyned to the rest whom the Buriens followed killing their King and soone after the Cerauniens When as Iseas who at that time was King of the Câ—rauniens saw that they of Egire had chased away their Garrison and they of Bure had slaine their King seeing himselfe in a manner inuolued with Warre hee relinquisht the principallity leauing the administration of the Common-weale to the Acheins after the Couenants concluded with them to saue his life But why haue wee brought these things from so farre To the end first that the World may know by what meanes and at what time and who were the first among the Acheins which rectified this comminalty againe the which at this day wee see flourish And that knowing their order euery man may easily beleeue not onely our History but also our actions Beleeue mee they haue alwayes obserued one course concerning the gouernment of their Common-wealth and one reason by the which keeping continually an equallity among them and defeating those who of themselues or by their Kings laboured to take their Country they haue in the end preuailed in all their interprises as well by their owne forces as by the helpe of their Allies Finally those things which haue beene since done in this Prouince ought to be attributed to the Acheins who being companions to the â—omanes in many great affaires haue not attributed any thing vnto themselues of that which was done hauing no other thought but of liberty and the common accord of Morea But we shall see it more plainly by their actions All these Citties which we haue named did administer the Common-wealth from the beginning fiue and twenty yeares with the Acheins making choyse of one Questor and two Captaines Afterwards they resolued to haue but one who should haue the charge of their principall affaires But Gerynee was the first which had this honour When his foure yeares were expired Arate the Sicyonien was chosen at the age of twenty yeares Who presently by his singular Virtue and great courage freed the Country from Tyrants and restored the Common-wealth of the Acheins to the which from the beginning he bare a great affection Some time after hauing gouerned eight yeares he was chosen againe And then he beganne to thinke of the meanes by the which he might take the Fort of Corinthe which Antigonus then held The which after he had effected he freed all Morea from great feare And when as the Corinthians were freed from Tyranny he ioyned them to the Acheins Some few dayes after he did the like to the Megareins These things hapned the yeare before the battell of the Carthaginians by the which they were forced to abandon Sâ—cily and to pay tribute vnto the Romanes When as Arate had in a short time finished all his interprises he spent the remainder of his life in the gouernment of the Common weale studying by all meanes how to chase the Macedonians out of Morea to ruine the Kings and to preserue the common liberty of the Country And therefore he resisted the attempts and practises of Antigonus Gonate whilest he liued and the couetousnesse of the Etoliens who with Antigonus grew so audacious and ouer-weâ—ning as they were not ashamed to diuide betwixt them by a common consent the Townes of Acheia But after the death of Antigonus and that the Acheins and Etoliens had made a league when as Demetrius made Warre against them the dissentions and discords were somewhat pacified and they contracted a common and mutuall friendship betwixt them But after the Death of Demetrius who Reigned onely ten yeareâ— and at such time when as the Romans pâ—ssed first into Sclauonâ—a the Acheins made themselues wonderful great For all the Kings which Reigned in Morea fell into deâ—paire aswell for the death of Demetrius who was their Commaunder and Emperour as for that they saw Arate striue with all his power to depriue them of their Câ—ownes propounding to such as shall doe it willingly great honours and dignities terrifying and vsing threates to such as should be obstinate and wilfull Finally he did admonish them all to leaue their Crownes and restoring the Country to liberty they should imbrace the League of the Acheins Wherefore Lysidas the Megalopolitaine who during the life of Demetrius had wisely fore-seene future things presently layes downe his Crowne Aristomacus King of the Argiues Xenon of the Hermionians and Cleomines of the Phliasiens renounced their Royall Principallities and ioyned themselues to the League of the Acheins But for that their Forces were by this meanes growne wonderfull great the Etoliens as men ambitious by nature enuied them and hoping to be able to breake the League of the Townes which were allied as they had done in the beginning they promised to Alexander to share with him those of the Acarnaniens and to Antigonus those of the Acheins By this meanes they gayned vnder colour of the same hope Antigonus then Gouernour in Macedony and left by Philip Tutor to his Sonne they also made Cleomines King of the Lacedemonians When as they saw that Antigonus had the gouernment of Macedony who was a Souldier and an enemy to the Acheins for the losse of the Fort of Corinthe they were of opinion that if the Lacedemontans were companions in this Warre in assailing the Acheins on all side they should easily defeate them The which vndoubtedly had hapned if Arate a man of great Virtue and Courage which they did not consider had not taken vpon him the defence of the others They began a most wicked War with all their Forces wherein they were not only frustrated in their expectance but they made Arate more stout and Resolute being then Commaunder of the Acheins and
good to deliuer summarily the accidents which hapned from the beginning vnto the end of these VVarres Immagining that they which desire to see our Worke will more easily come to the knowledge of the whole History Beleeue me that our vnderstanding conceiues many things necessary for a perticular History by the knowledge of the generall for the vnderstanding whereof the experience of perticular actions is of no small importance and if they be both ioyned together so as it may bee but one description they will be wonderfull profitable to the Reader But as for the contents of our Worke wee haue sufficiently spoken thereof in the two first Bookes And as for the perticular actions which haue hapned they haue taken their beginning in the Warres which we haue Related and there end at the death of the Kings of Macedon So as from the beginning vnto the end there were fifty yeares during the which there were as great and admirable things performed as euer were in so short a spâ—ce To speake whereof wee will beginne to write from the hundreth and fortieth Olympiade and will obserue this order First wee will shew the causes for the which this VVarre which they call of Hannibal beganne betwixt the Romanes and Carthaginians So as entring into Italy they reduced the Romans to so great an extreamity as they suddainly grew in hope to be Lords not only of the rest of Italy but also of the Citty of Rome And afterwards we will continue our narration vpon what occasion Philip King of Macedon after that he had made VVarre with the Etoliens and pacified Greece entred into hope with the Carthaginians And as for Antiochus Ptolomy and Philopater they in the end had Warre together for the lower Syria after a long dissention Moreouer the Rhodiens and Prufiens making VVarre against them of Constantinople forced them to abandon Pontus And there ending our Diâ—course we will beginne to speake of the manner of liuing of the Romanes of their Lawes and of their Common-weale By the which as proper to them they haue attained vnto such great power as they haue not only made subiect to their obedience Italy Sycile and the Gaules and likewise Spaine in a short time but in the end they haue vndertaken the Empire of the whole World after they had vanquished the Carthaginians by Armes Then passing on we will shew how the Kingdome of Hieron of Saragosse was defeated and ruined The like we will do of diuers troubles which were in Aegypt Moreouer how after the death of King Ptolomy Antiochus and Philip being agreed touching the diuision of the Realme left vnto the Sonne began the Warre Philip against Aegypt and Samos and Antiochus against Syria and Phenicea And when as we haue summarily set downe the affaires of Spaine Lybia and Sycile we will presently turne our Discourse to Greece as the affaires shall change For after that we haue related the VVars at Sea which Attalus and the Rhodiens made against Philip and hauing set downe the Romanes VVarre against him how and by whom it had beene mannaged and what successe it had obseruing the order of things we will come to the indignation of the Etoliens who proclaimed VVarre against the Romanes and drew Antiochus out of Asia And when we haue deliuered the causes and related Antiochus nauigation into Europe we will first shew how he fled out of Greece and being vanquished by Armes how he abandoned vnto the Romanes all the Counâ—ries which lie on this side Mount Taurus Thirdly we will shew with what power the Romans conquered the Empire of Asia after they had wholy defeated the Gaules who wandred vp and downe and how they freed the whole Countrey on this side Mount Taurus from the feare of the Barbarians and the insolency of the Gaules And when we haue related the mis-fortune of the Etoliens and Cophalins in their Warres we will make mention of those of Eumenides of Prshia and of the Gaules the like we will do of that of Ariarate against Pharnace From thence dispatching the accords of them of Morea and the increase of the Rhodien Common-wealth we will make an end of our worke setting downe in the end the Voyages which Antiochus sirnamed Epiphanes made into Aegypt And in like manner the Warres of Persiâ— with the ruine of the Kingdome of the Macedonians These are things whereby we may easily vnderstand how the Romanes in a short submitted the whole Earth vnder their obedience assailing them in perticular And if it were lawfull to discerne vertue from vice by the good or bad successe of affaires or from the praise or dishonour of men we must of necessity make an end here and turne our Relation to things which in the beginning we propounded to set down for this hath continued fifty three yeares during the which the Roman Empire hath gotten so great an increase as the whole World might well know that they must do what their people commaunded But for that such things cannot be rightly iudged by the good Fortune of affaires considering that many times those that seeme to be well done are the cause of great inconueniencies if they be not done in time And contrary-wise they which are fallen into some disaster many times turne their mis-fortunes to good if they know how to haue patience We haue thought it fitting to adde to that which we haue Written what the nature of the Victors were what meanes they held in the gouernment of their Empire and how the rest of the Townes Regions and Countries yeilded willingly vnto them And moreouer what course of life and what Lawes they held with all the World aswell in particular as generally with all their Common-wealths By this meanes they which liue at this day shall plainy see whither it be good to flie or voluntarily to submit to the Empire of Rome and they which shall come after may iudge whither the actions of the Romanes be commendable and worthy of memory or altogether blameable Behold wherein the profit of our History will consist aswell for the present as the future time They which mannage a Warre and they which vndertake to iudge of it do not propound the Victory for the last end nor wholy to subiect himselfe Beleeue me a wise man doth not make Warre with his neighbours to see the defeat and ruine Neither doth any man saile in diuers Seas onely to make Voyages nor pursues many Sciences and Disciplines in regard onely of them Without doubt we pursue these things for that which followes seemes pleasant profitable or decent and therefore wee may with reason say that the end of our Worke hath beene to know the condition of all things after the Conquest of the World made by the Romanes vntill they fell againe into new combustions Of which troubles I haue resolued to write making as it were a new beginning For that there hath beene great and memorable things hauing not onely beene present at
seeing that the hope of Victory consisted in the Footemen hee thrust into the hottest of the Battaile whee in fighting hee gaue courage to the Horsemen the which Hannibal did in like manner In the meane time the Numidians of the left wing with all their Horse-men falling vpon the right wing of the Romans they neither did nor suffred any thing that was worthy of memory so equall were the two Troupes both in force and courage yet they made the Romans vnprofitable scattering them heere and there In the meane time Asdrubal went to aide and succour the Affricans with the Horse-men of the left wing The which the Horse-men of the Roman Allies perceiuing they presently turned head Asdrubal seeing this performed the duty of a wise and discreet Captaine and sent the Numidians whom he knew were more in number and terrible to make a chase to pursue them that fled and went himselfe speedily with the Footmen to succour the Affricains where assailing the Romans in the Reare he fortified his owne Men making a great slaughter of the Enemie Lucius Emilius hauing receiued many wounds died in this Battaile Hee was a Man who vnto his death had done good seruice vnto the Common-wealth They write that Caius Lentulus a Tribune leading an empty horse in his hand as hee fled saw Paulus the Consull sitting on a stone all couered with blood to whom he said Lucius Emiliâ—s whom the Gods should hold innocent of this cruell slaughter take this horse whilest any strength remaines within and I being thy friend will lift thee vp and keepe thee on lest thou make this Battaile dolefull thorough the death of a Consull without the which there is cause enough of mourning and weeping Whereunto the Consull answered Caius Cornelius increase thou in vertue but beware lest whilest thou doest bewaile this accident thou finde little time to escape thy selfe Goe therefore and bid the Senate make strong the walls of Rome and to fortifie it with Succours before the Conquerour come and tell Quintus Fabius secretly that Lucius Emilius Paulus doth constantly remember his precepts liueth in them and will die in them And I pray thee suffer me to passe this life among these my dead Knights lest by longer liuing I become an accuser of my fellowe defending my innocencie by the trespasse of another and yet at length dye being held guilty of this action The Romans holding still good in so long and furious a Battaile were in the end all slaine Among the which died the Consuls of the precedent yeare Marcus Attilius and Cneius Seruilius braue men and worthy of the Roman name At the same time the Numidians ouertooke the horsemen which fled whereof they slew a great number and dismounted the rest Some retired to Venusium among the which was the Consull Varro whose life was base and his command vnprofitable for his Country Behold the end of the Battaile of Cannas so famous as well for the victors as the vanquished whereof the reason is for that of sixe thousand Roman horse there escaped but threescore and tenne to Venusium with Varro and of the Allies about three hundred scattered here and there who fled to the Neighbour Townes And as for the Bands of Foote the Enemie tooke about tenne thousand aliue so as there hardly escaped three thousand The rest to the number of threescore and tenne thousand were slaine in the Battaile The Carthaginians got not the victory without losse There were slaine about foure thousand Gaules fifteene hundred Affricains and Spaniards and two hundred horse The Romans which were taken aliue were not in the Battaile for Varro had left tenne thousand Men in the Campe to the end that if Haniball led forth all his Army to fight that in assailing the Enemies Campe whilest they were otherwise busie they might spoile the Carthaginians Munition And if Haniball left a sufficient Garrison for the Campe then his Forces would be the lesse for the Romans were stronger in numbers of Men. Behold the manner how they were taken Haniball had left a sufficient Garrison in his Campe to guard it But when as the Romans saw the Battaile grow hot they go vnto the Campe as they had resolued to besiege it The Carthaginians defended themselues But for that the Romans charged them furiously they were forced to abandon the place In the meane time Hannibal hauing gotten an absolute victory falls vpon those which assailed his Campe and put them to flight shutting them vp within their Forts of whom hee slewe two thousand and tooke the rest The Numidians on the other side brought vnto Hannibal the Roman horsemen who flying were dispierced in the Fields Thus after the Battaile ended neither of them were deceiued in their expectation for presently the Carthaginians were Masters of the Prouince which they call great Greece so as Tarent Capua and Naples came vnder their obedience and all the Townes wauered for Hannibal neither was he out of hope to take Rome speedily Finally the Romans wholy dispairing of the Empire of Italy were in feare not onely of their owne ruine but also of the whole Country expecting hourely their cruell Enemie at the walls of Rome The Citie being thus troubled Newes to the end the measure of their miseries might be full came from Gaule of the Defeat of Lucius Postumus the Pretor with his Army by an Ambush Yet the Senate inuolued in so many miseries made a good shew aduising the people to fortifie the Citie with Men and to consider of their affaires with courage and constancie The which the things which succeeded afterwards did verifie for being now vanquished by the Carthaginians and seeming to acquit vnto them the glory of Armes within short time after by the constancie of the Common-wealth and by the Councell and wisdome of the Senate they came after they had vanquished and ruined the Carthaginians to be Lords not onely of Italy but also of the whole world And therefore we will conclude this booke and likewise the actions of Spaine and Italy which were during the hundreth and fortieth Olimpiade And when we shall come to those of Greece during the same Olimpiade we will speake more at large of the Roman Common-wealth For I hold it not onely necessary for the Reader for the knowledge of the History but also profitable to correct and gouerne a Common-wealth The end of the Third Booke of Polybius THE FOVRTH BOOKE of the History of POLYBIVS WEE haue in my opinion sufficiently shewed the causes of the second punique warre in this last Booke and then the descent of Hannibal into Italy Wee haue also related many Combats betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians vnto the Battaile which was fought neere vnto the Riuer of Fante and the Towne of Cannes Now wee will pursue the warres of Greece of the same time deliuering in few words the things mentioned by vs in the second Booke of the preparation of our
none of their enterprizes succeeded retired to Appelles and caused him to come from Calâ—is giuing him to vnderstand that they could not doe any thing without him for that the King crost them in all things Appalles had carried himselfe in Calcis with greater liberty then was fit for he gaue them to vnderstand that the King was young vnder his Guard and without any power terming himselfe Lord and sole Gouernour of all things Wherefore all the Princes of Macedony and Thessaly adrest themselues to him in all affaires Within a short time likewise all the Citties of Greâ—ce had forgotten the King in their elections honours and offices Onely Appelles mannaged all affaires The King being long before aduertised thereof was much discontented and incensed whereunto Arate spurd him on continually although he dissembled his conceite so well as no man could discouer it Appelles ignorant of the Kings resolution and thinking to obtaine any thing when he should present himselfe vnto him came from Calcis to Corinthe When he came neere the Towne Leonce Ptolomy and Megalee Chiefe of the Targeteers and other Souldiers that were best armed gaue him a great reception perswading the youth to goe and meere him He came then to the Kings lodging in pompe being attended on by the Captaines and Souldiers When as he sought as he was wont to enter suddainly a certaine Vsher told him that he must haue patience for that the King was busie for the present Appelles wondring at this new manner of proceeding remained pensiue for a time after which he departed discontented and without iudgement all the rest likewise abandoned him so as hee returned alone to his lodging hauing no other Company but his owne Family O how suddainly are men aduanced to great honours and in as short time reduced to greater miseries especially such as frequent Princes Courts They are like vnto Lots which they vsually giue in publique Councells For as those which a little before were were giuen in Copper are suddainly turned into Gold according to the will of those that dispose of them So they which follow the Courts of Princes are according to the Kings will and pleasure happy one day and miserable the next When Megalee knew that he had sought the assistance of Appelles in vaine he trembled for feare and intended to flye After that day Appelles was called to Banquets and other honours that were done but he neuer entred into the priuy Councell nor assisted at the ordinary resolutions which were taken for affaires Soone after the King returned to Phocis leading Appelles with him Whereas hauing speedily effected his will he returned againe to Elatia During this Megalee flies to Athens leauing Leonce caution for him for twelue thousand Crownes And when as the Chiefe of the Atheniens would not receiue him he returned to Thebes The King being parted from the Countrey which lies about Circe hee sayled to the Port of Sicyonia with the Targeteers and his Guard From whence comming suddainly to the Towne he preferred the lodging of Arate before the other Princes making his continuall abode with him commanding Appelles to sayle to Corinthe When as newes came in the meane time of the flight of Megalee hee sent Taurion with the Targeteers whom Leonce had vnder his charge to Triphalia as if hee had beene forced thereunto by some great affaires After whose departure hee causeth Leonce to be apprehended The Targeteers aduertised hereof sent an Embassie to the King to intreate him that if Leonce had beene taken for any other thing then for the caution that the iudgement might not be giuen before their returne Otherwise they should thinke themselues contemned and in disgrace with the King The King prickt forward by the importunity of the Souldiers he put Leonce to death sooner then he had resolued During the which the Embassadours of Rhodes and Chios returned from Etolia hauing agreed vpon a Moneths truce and saying that the Etoliens were ready to treate a peace with the Knig appointing moreouer a day when he should meete with them neere vnto Rhie Being confident that they would doe whatsoeuer he pleased to haue a peace The The King accepting the truce sent Letters to the Allies willing them to send Embassadours to Patres to conferre with him on the conditions of the peace Then hee parts from Leche and arriues two dayes after at Patres At the same time they bring vnto him Letters from Phocis which Megalee himselfe had written vnto the Etoliens by the which he solicits them to maintaine the Warre couragiously for that the King could not long continue it for want of victuals and other munition Moreouer they contained many scandalous and opprobrious speeches against the King The which being read the King conceiuing that Appelles had beene the cause and the beginning of these practises causeth him to be taken and brought to Corinthe with his Sonne and Concubine And hee sent Alexander to Thebes giuing him charge to bring Megalee to the end his caution might be discharged But when as Alexander thought to execute his charge Megalee preuented him and slew himselfe In a manner at the same time Appelles his Sonne and his Concubine were put to death receiuing the worthy punishment of their wicked liues and namely for the outrage done by them to Arate Although the Etoliens desired peace being discontented with the long Warre and seeing their affaires to succeed otherwise then they expected for that conceiuing they had to deale with a Child considering that the King had neither age nor experience they found him by his deeds to bee a man excellent in Councell and Execution and themselues to bee Children as well in their particular as publique affaires Yet aduertised of the mutiny of the Targeteers and of the death of Appelles from whom they expected some great alteration in the Kings Court they came not to Rhie at the day appointed Philip holding this a good occasion to entertaine the Warre solicites the Embassadours of the Allies which were there assembled not vnto peace for the which they had beene called but to Warre Then parting from thence with his Fleete hee came to Corinthe and sent all the Macedonians to winter in their houses Parting from Corinthe hee sailed by the Euripe to Demetriade there hee put Ptolomy to death who onely remained of the Conspiracy of Appelles and Leonce by the iudgement of the Macedonians At the same time Hannibal had past the Alpes and was in Italy and had planted his Campe neere to the Riuer of Poe not farre from that of the Romans Antiochus after hee had conquered many places in Syrria had brought backe his Army to winter Licurgus King of the Lacedemonians fearing the Magistrates had fled into Etolia for the Magistrates hearing a false report that hee would attempt some reuolte came in the Night to his house with a Troupe of Youth whereof being formerly aduertised he fled with his seruants When as Philip
Macedony beeing accompanied with all those which had escaped from the Battaile Hee presently sent vnto Laressa the second Night after the Battaile one of the Archers of his Guard giuing him charge to teare and burne the Royall Letters doing therein an Act worthy of a King who in his aduerse Fortune had not forgotten that which was to bee done He knew and did well perceiue that if the Romans were once seazed on his Commentaries there might be many occasions offered vnto his Enemies against him and his Friends It may bee it happened and fell out to him as to others who not able to containe their power moderately in prosperous things yet haue borne and suffered many Crosses and Disasters with patience The which happened vnto Philip as wil be apparent by the following Discourse So as ayming at that which was conuenient wee haue plainly shewed and declared his Attempts tending to reason and againe his change to worse and when how and wherefore these things were done hauing plainely set foorth and exprest his Actions Wee must by the same meanes declare his Repentance and dilligence whereby beeing changed thorough his aduerse Fortune hee carried and behaued himselfe at that time like a wise and discreete man Finally Tytus hauing giuen good order after the Battaile for those things which concerned the Prisoners and spoile he went to Larissa A Parcell of an imperfect sence TO define folly we cannot for that they are desirous of the same meanes This kind of remisnesse and dulnesse is often 〈◊〉 in many Neither is it to be wondred at if it hath place among others But among those in whom this Spring of malice is found there is another cause for the which that wise saying of Epicharmes doth not agree Watch and remember that thou must distrust This is the bond of hearts Of a certaine Accord betwixt Antiochus and the Romans AT the same time came from the Vargyles Publius Lentuluâ— with ten Legats and from Thasse Lucius Terentius and Publius Villius When their comming was suddainly declared vnto the King they assembled all within few daies at Lysimachia After whom followed Hegissiâ—nactes and Lisias sent at that time to Titus Finally the conference in priuate betwixt the King and the Romans was gracious and courteous But when the assembly met for affaires they imbraced another disposition Lucius Cornelius required that Antiochus should leaue all the Cities the which being subiect to Ptolomy hee had taken in Asia In regard of those which were subiect to Philip hee contested much to haue him leaue them For it was a mockery that Antiochus comming he should reape the fruites of the Warre which the Romans had made against Philip He likewise aduised him not to meddle with the free Cities He also sayd that it seemed strange that without reason he had past into Europe with an Army as well by Sea as Land That no man could conceiue it to be to any other end then to make Warre against the Romans These things being propounded by the Romans they held their peace The King in answere said that he wondred for what cause they debated with him for the Cities of Asia and that it was more fitting for any other then for the Romans Finally hee intreated them not to vsurpe nor to deale with the affaires of Asia And that for his part hee would not meddle with any thing that was in Italy In regard of Europe he had entred with his Armies to recouer the Cities of Cherronese and Thrace For that the command of all those places belonged to him this gouernment in the beginning being due to Lysimachus But when as Seleucus made Warre against him and had ouerthrowne him in Battaile all the Kingdome of Lysimachus became subiect to Seleucus by force After the time of his predecessors Ptolomy was the first who violently the sayd places vsurped them The like did Philip. And that for his part he recouered them accommodating himselfe to his owne times and not to those of Philip. And as for the Lysimachians ruined without reason by the Thracians he reduced them to himselfe no way wronging the Romans and restored them to their Countrey The which he did to shew this mercy to the affaires of Seleucus and not to make Warre against the Romans In regard of the Cities of Asia they ought not to enioy liberty by the commandment of the Romans but of grace And for that which concerned Ptolomy that with all his heart hee gaue him thankes and that he vnderstood that hee had not onely concluded Friendship with him but made a League When as Lucius was of opinion that the Lampsaceneins and Smyâ—niens should be called and audience giuen them it was done accordingly There Parmenio and â—ythodorus presented themselues for the Lampsaceneins and Cerane for the Smyrnien When as these men debated freely the King being incensed to yeeld an accompt of their debate before the Romans interrupting the Speech of Parmeâ—io cease sayth hee to plead so much I am not well pleased to dispute with my Enemies before the Romans but rather before the Rhodiens and then by this meanes they brake off the Assembly without any mutuall affection Another Parcell MAny men desire actions of courage and prowesse but the experience is rare Scope in truth and Câ—comenes haue had great occasions for Combats and hardy Enterprizes For as Scope was formerly taken hee had resolued in the same hope with his Seruants and Friends but hee could not saue himselfe Finally his iust death hauing led a wretched life hath giuen testimony of his great weaknesse And although that Scope was aided and assisted with great Forces hauing the gouernment of the King in his nonage and was of his Councell yet he was soone ruined For when as Aristomenes knew that hee had assembled his Friends in his house holding a Councell with them he sent vnto him by his Guards to come vnto the assembly But hee was so transported in his iudgement as hee did not that which hee ought to haue done neyther could hee being called be obedient vnto the King which was the greatest folly in the World vntill that Aristomenes knowing his basenesse lodg'd Souldiers and Elephants neare his House and sent Ptolomy the Son of Eumenes with the Young men to bring him with faire words if he would come willingly if not to vse force When as Ptolomy was entred into his house and signifying vnto him that the King demanded Scope he did not at the first obserue his woâ—ds But casting his lookes vpon Ptolomy he was long in that estate as it were threatning him and wondring at his presumption But when as Ptolomy approacht with assurance and layd hold of his Cloake then he required helpe of the Assistants Being in this estate and a great company of the young men comming about him being also aduertised that his house was enuironed with Souldiers hee followed him obeying the times being accompanied by his Friends When as hee was come to the Assembly
and Councell the King charged him a little Then Policrates newly arriued from Cypres and in the end Aristomenes The accusation was according to that which had beene spoken but they added moreouer that he had drawne his Friends together to consult and that being called by the King he would not obey For which things all they which were in the Assembly not onely condemned him but likewise the forreine Embassadors there assisting But when as Aristomenes came to accuse him he tooke many notable persons not onely of Greece but also of the Etolien Embassadors who were there for the accord Among the which was Dorimachus the Sonne of Nicostrates And when as these men had spoken Scope laboured to alledge some excuses But when as no man giue eare vnto him for the foulenesse of his Crimes hee was suddainly carryed to Prison with his Friends The Night following Aristomenes caused him to dye of poyson with all his Friends and Kinsfolkes In regard of Dicearchus hee put him to death hauing suffred great Torments hauing endured fit punishments for all the Grecians This was that Dicearchus whom Philip presuming to breake the accords with the Ilands of Cyclades and the Cities of Hellespont had made him Commander of all his Army at Sea and superintendant of the sayd businesse And when he was sent to a manifest execration hee did not hold it an vnreasonable and wicked act thinking he should be able to terrifie both Men and Gods by his rage Making haste to recouer the ships hee set vp two Altars the one to cruelty and the other to iniquity Vpon the which he sacrificed and prayed as vnto the Gods Wherefore it seemes hee was punished by a iust Death as well in the presence of Gods as Men. For as he led a life of a strange Nature so he ended by a strange Death Finally when as the other Etoliens were desirous to retire home the King suffred them to goe with all their Goods Scope in his life time had a wonderfull desire of riches Hee exceeded all other in auarice And after his death his houses were found abounding with Gold and rich moueables Whereas he had for assistant the ingratitude and drunkennesse of Charimorthe he had wholy corrupted the Realme When as the Priuy Councell had taken order for the Etoliens affaires they all inclined to giue power to the King to command Not in regard of the maturity of his age but for that they thought thereby that the estate of the Crowne would further the affaires and that if the King tooke vpon him a free power of the Realme it would be a beginning and aduancement to the better Making then a stately preparation they put it in execution with royall Magnificence Policrates seemed to haue assisted them much in this Enterprize For as this man was deare vnto his Father being yet young there was not a better Courtier in all the whole Court neither for that which concern'd his fidelity nor the affaires nor yet iâ— more fauour with the King When as Cypres with the reuenewes were deliuered vnto him vpon his faith and trust in that dangerous time subiect to many hazards he not only kept this Iland for the Infant but also gathered together great store of Treasure the which he then brought vnto the King deliuering the gouernment of Cypres to Ptolomy the Megalopolitaine And when vpon this occasion he had purchased a great power for the future in time he strayed and fell into a rash and wicked course of life Ptolomy Agesandre by the force of his Age fell into the like infamy Wherefore when opportunity shall serue it shall bee no great trouble to declare what great ignominy and reproach followed their gouernments To God onely be all Honour and Glory The Contents of the chiefest matters contayned in this History AN alliance made by Hieron with Leptine fol. 6 Accord betwixt Hieron and the Romans and what it containes 10 Agregas besieged by the Romans 11 Agregas spoiled by the Romans 13 A defeate of Hannibals ships for want of a good wind 15 An Engine inuented by the Romans called the Rauen. ib. A defeate of 4000. allied to the Romans by Amilcar 16 Army of 140000. Romans and more Carthaginians 18 A remonstrance made by the Carthaginian Captaines vnto the Souldiers of their Army 18 Amilcar vanquished 20 A victory of the Romans against the Carthaginians ibid. Aspis taken by the Romans ibid. Asdrubal Bostar and Amilcar Commanders of the Carthaginian army 21 A remonstance of Polybius 24 Aspis besieged by the Carthaginians 25 A great number of the Roman ships perished by a Tempest 26 Asdruball sent into Sicily by the Carthaginians 27 A new army at Sea prepared by the Romans 28 A defeat of Carthaginians by the Romans Army at Sea prepared by the Romans 29 A conspiracy of mercinary Souldiers seruing vnder the Carthaginians 30 Alexon ibid. A sally of the Carthaginians vpon the â—â—omans Engines of battery 34 An enterprize of the Romans vpon Triâ—anum 35 A Combate at Sea betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians 36 Appius Claudius deposed from the Consullship and afterwards condemned to dye 37 Amilcar spoiles the Coasts of Italy 39 Amilcar ibid. A good comparison 40 Army at Sea prepared by the Carthaginians 41 A victory of the Romans against the Carthaginians 42 Amilcar Father vnto Hannibal 43 Amilcar 50 A mutiny of mercinary and oiher common Souldiers in Sardinia and Bostare slaine 52 A great inhumanity and wickednesse committed 54 A cruell resolution ibid. A defeate of the Carthaginians by Matho 57 Assignation of a battaile 58 Asdrubal chosen and made Generall of the army 60 Agron King of Sclauonia ibid. A defeat of Etoliens by the Slauonians 61 A reprehension of the Epirots 62 A bold answer of an Embassador 64 A Victory of the Slauonians against the Acheins 65 Apotonia yeilded to the Romans 65 Accord made with Tuto 6â— A treaty made betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians 67 A discription of Italy 67 A price had to be credited 68 A defeate and ruine of the Senogalloies by the Romans 71 A defeate of the Gaules in Delphos 71 Amazement of the Romans for the descent of the Gaules 72 A descent of the Transalpins into Italy 72 A victory of the Gaules against the Romans 74 A defeat of the Gaules army 77 A victory of the Romans against the Millannoys 79 Acerras besieged 79 A defeat of Gaules by the Romans 80 Acerras taken by Cornelius 80 Asdrubal slaine 81 All Morea reduced into a League 82 A League betwixt the Dymonsoriâ—s and them of Patras 84 Aristomachus Xenon Cleomenesâ— 86 Antigones Tutor to Philips sonne 86 Athenes 86 A good consideration of rate 87 A good inâ—ention of a rate 87 Acrotorinth yeilded to Antigonus 90 Argos taken by the Acheins ib. Acrotorinth taken by Antigonus ibid. Aristomachus 94 Aristomachus strangled 95 Army leuied by Cleomenesâ— 97 Antigonus blamed ibid. Antigonus campe seated vpon the bankes of Gorgile 98 Attalus 103 Agesilaus 106 A
of King Ageron 60 Demetrius father to Philip. 61 Duraza surprized by the Sclauonians 64 Diuers victories of the Gaules against the Romans â—0 Diligence of the Romans 73 Defeate of the forlorne hope of the Gaules and the death of King Aueroeste 77 Diuers defeates of the Acheins 89 Duty of a Historiographer 92 Death of many great Princes 101 Demetrius lost his Realme and Life by conspiracy 105 Demetrius King of Sclauonia 111 Discretion of the head of an enterprise 112 Demetrius a man of great courage and little iudgement 114 Diuision of the world in three parts 124 Delta an Iland in Aegypt 131 Duty of a good Captaine 150 Discription of the Country of Capua and its scituation 155 Diuâ—sion of the Roman Army betwixt the two Dictators 163 Discord betweene the two Consuls 168 Diuersity of swords betwixt the Gaules and the Spaniards 170 Defeate of the Roman horse-men by the Gaules and Spaniards 171 Difference betwixt a priuate and publicke iâ—iury 191 Death of Thibete 203 Dorâ—mache smothered 207 Defeate of the Etoliens 212 Duty of a King 230 Death of Appelles and his sonne 239 Death of Molon 252 Distribution of Ptolomies Army vnto his Captaines 258 Diuers Townes taken by Antiochus 261 Defeate of the Elienses 274 Demetrius his aduice to Philip. ibid. Duty of the Senate 289 Dooissâ—ty of the Romans 295 Defeat of the Romans by night 340 Duty of a Commaunder 342 Disposition of Publius Scipio 357 Duty of Commanders of an Army 369 Diogenes fights with the Barbarians 371 Defeate of Asdrubal 377 Diuers Nations vnder the leading of Hannibal 394 Double policy of Scipio 395 Disorder by the Elephants 397 Defeate of the Spaniards 402 Defeate of the Celtiberians 422 Diuers opinions of the Carthaginians concerning their warre 423 Democrates Captaine Generall vnto Philip sunke 447 Death of Theophiliscus 450 Death of Scope by poyson 479 E. Embassadors sent by the Carthaginians to Marcus Attilius 22 Embassies sâ—nt through all Affricke by Matho and Spendiuâ— 47 Emilius slaine in the battaile 172 Embassadors sent to Philip from the Messeniens and Acarnanians 226 Etoliens charge Philips reare ward 231 Embassadors from Rhodes to Chios 237 Elephants of Lybia feare them of India 268 Earthquake at Rhodes 270 Etoliens circumuented by a stratagem 274 Embassadors come to Philip. 276 Etoliens blame Agelaus for making of the peace 279 Errour of Arate Errour of Cleomenes Errour of Philip. Errour of Nicins 345 Exercises appoynted by Scipio for his Army by Sea and Land 368 Excellency of Hannibal 394 Excuse of Alexander vppon Calistines 411 Enteruiew of Hannibal and Scipio 4â—9 Embassadors wronged by Philip. 438 Egyptians cruel 443 Embassadors of Philip reiected 465 Embassador sent to Rome by Tytus 464 F. Fifty thousand men within Agregas 12 Fore sight of the Carthaginians 31 Forty thousand men slaine by Amilcar Fertillity of Italy 68 Fore-sight of Amilcar father to Hannibal 108 First Accord betwixt the Romans and Carthaginians 116 Feare of the Elephants vpon the Rhone 129 Fabius returneth to the Campe. 163 Fabius speech to Lucius Emilius 165 Fort of Naples taken by Hannibal ibi Fifteene hundred Etoliens defeated by Philip 209 Flight of Euripides 112 Forces which Philip left at Dyme 224 Flight of Megalle 238 Flight of Lycurgus into Etolia 239 Forme of a Buckler 293 Forme of a Target 293 Flight of Asdrubal 421 G. Great resolution of the Rhodiens 33 Gesâ—on makes remonstrances to the Souldiers 46 Gesâ—on with his Company put to death 54 Gaâ—les 〈◊〉 of liuing 69 Gaules â—â—turnes from the Romans 70 Gaules were seauen moneths in Rome 72 Gessates dwell on this side the Rhine 79 Grecians terrified by the Gaules 81 Great villany committed by the Mantiniens 93 Gaules indeauoured to stop Hannibals passage ouer the Rhine 127 Gaules inhabiting along the Rhine haue often past into Italy 130 Gaules repulsed 143 Great Amazement which was at Rome for the battle lost 152 Great reputation of Fabius 164 Gaules battallion of foote broken by the Romans and reunited againe 171 Great dilligence in Philip. 233 Gift of Antiochus to the Rhodiens 271 Gouernment constâ—ncy and good Counsell required in a Captaine 295 Geometry necessary for the Warre 346 Great fury of the fight 433 Gulfe of Neptune 451 H. Hieron chosen King of the Saragossins 6 Hieron followes the Carthaginians part 7 Hannibal son of Amilcar Captaine of fifty ships with 10000. men 31 Hannibal a Rhodien 33 Hanno hanged on a crosse 52 Hannibal crucified 57 Hannibal his speech to Antiochus 109 Hannibal answeres when he comes to age he will be an enemy to the Romans ib. Hannibals victory on the Barbarians 110 Hannibals answere to the Roman Embassadors 111 Hannibals Army of 50. thousand foot and nine thousand horse 123 Hannibal raiseth his Army to passe the Rhone 127 Hannibals victory ouer the Gaules 128 Hannibals speech vnto his souldiers ibid. Hannibal passeth the Alpes along the Rhone 130 Hannibal conducted by Guides at the passage of the Mountaines 131 Hannibal makes a speech 134 Hannibal goes on his course 135 Hannibals speech to his souldiers 139 Hannibal puts his men into battaile 145 Hannibals speech to the prisoners that was allied to the Romans 148 Hannibals policy to keepe himselfe from killing by Treason ibi Hannibal looseth an eye 149 Hannibal runs along the Coast of the Adriatique sea 153 Hannibal presents battaile to Fabius 154 Hannibals pollicy against Fabius 157 Hannibals speech to his souldiers 169 Hannibal puts his men into battaile ibid. Hannibals Army consists of forty thousand foot and ten thousand horse 170 Hannibals losse 172 Hannibals proceeding after the battaile of Cannes 312 Honors done vnto Arate after his death 323 Hee turnes his discourse to the Carthaginians 329 Hannibals remonstrances to the Tarentins 334 Hannibal within forty furlongs of Rome 339 Hannibal sent to Tycheâ—â— 427 Hannibals speech to Scipio 429 Hannibal flies to Adrumeâ—um 434 Hannibal forceth a Citizen 435 I. Intelligence of the souldiers within Carthage 44 Iâ—â—irians and Sclauonians 63 Iseas King 84 I conceiue that this Promontory is that which they call the Promontory of Mercure in Affricke where as now the Citty Cleâ—ea stands 116 Idlenesse of the Etoliens 183 Ithoria very stronge 210 Image of Minerua 217 Indiscretion of Commaunders blamed 275 Inconstancy of the people 400 Iland of â—yrnon not well knowne by Tymens 404 Image of Diana 451 K. King Etas and Gallus slaine 71 King Andubal taken 148 King Darius 199 Knowledge of the diuersity of daies necessary for Captaines 343 L. Letters from Tunes to the Mutines Campe. 53 Lucius Emillius and Caius Tarentius chosen Consuls 164 Lucius Posthumus Praetor 165 Lucius Emillius 171 Lucius Posthumus defeated in Gaule 173 Lycurgus chosen King 1â—5 Lyciens Towne raized and burnt 20â— Lacedemonian Magistrâ—tes slaine by Câ—â—lon â—â—9 Lacedemonians vnfortunate after they 〈◊〉 the Lawes of Lycurgâ—s ibid. Leonce a Traâ—tor to Philip. 226 Lawes of Warre 230 Lycurgus takes the Towne of Elâ— â—33 Leonce and his Faction returnâ—d vnto Apelles 237 Leuy of Armies by
the Arezins fought neere vnto the Towne and lost the Battell with the Consull Lucius In whose place they did choose Marcus Curio who presently sent an Embassie into Gaule to retire the prisoners who at his comming was slaine by them contrary to the Law of Nations The Romanes incensed at so wicked an Act made a new Leuy of men and resolued to enter the Gaules Countrey But they had not done any great matter when as the Senogallois went to incounter them whom the Romanes charged and slew the greatest part and those few which remained were chased out of the Country They recouered the whole Country and re-peopled the Towne againe calling it Senogallia as it had beene formerly when it was first inhabited by the Gaules This Towne as we haue â—ayd is scituated vpon the Adriaticke shore where as the points of Italy do end When the Bolonians saw the Senogallois chased by the Romanes from their Countrey they raysed an Army to make Warre against them calling all the Tuscans to their ayde fearing least the Romanes should doe the like vnto them Presently after they fought where most of the Tuscans were â—laine and a few of the Bolonians saued themselues by flight Yet they fainted not for this defeate but the yeare following drew together all the Forces they could make and all the Youth that could beare Armes and marcht against the Romanes where they were defeated and slaine so as they were in a manner vtterly ruined Wherefore their pride abated they made an agreement with them by Embassadours These things hapned three yeares after the descent of Pyrrhus into Italy and fiue yeares after the Gaules had beene defeated in Delphos Behold how in that time Fortune as a mortall plague among the Gaules persecuted them in all places But the Romanes made a double profit by the battels which we haue formerly related For being accustomed to fight with the Gaules who had beene held very fierce and fearefull they became good Souldiers against Pyrrhus Thus by little and little they abated the pride of the Gaules so as afterwards they were much more assured first to fight with Pyrrhus for Italy and afterwards against the Carthaginians for the Soueraignty of Sicily The Gaules weakned by the meanes of the former Battels liued in peace forty fiue yeares without any breach of the accord made with the Romanes But after that the old men who had vndergone the dangers and felt so many losses were dead the Youth who were of a harsh and bad disposition and had not felt the miseries of former times grew insolent These as it is willingly the nature of men began presently to vndertake the Warre and to bee enemies to the Romanes whatsoeuer should succeed and moreouer to send to craue succours from the Transalpins It is true that in the beginning the Princes did mannage the affaires without the consent of the people So as it hapned that when as the Transalpins were come to Rimeni the common people of Bolonia being ignorant of this enterprize and fearing this desscent mutined against their Commaunders and put to death Etas and Gallus their Kings then they fought with the Transalpins The Romanes likewise amazed at this descent of the Transalpins drew their Men to field but when they were aduertised of the other defeate of the Gaules they retyred to their Houses Fiue yeares after Marcus Lepidus being Consull Caeius Flaminius made a Law for the people by the which that Region of Gaule which they call the Marquisate of Ancona vnto Rimeni from whence the Senogallois had beene chased should be deuided amongst the â—omane Souldiers For which cause there suddainly grew a new Warre For most part of the Gaules especially the Bolonians who were neighbours vnto the Romanes were much incensed therewith thinking that the Romanes did not fight for principallity or Glory but for pillage and their ruine Wherefore the Millannois and Bolonians consenting together sent suddainly to the other Gaules which dwell beyond the Mountaines along the Riuer of Rhone whom they call Gessates for that they fight for pay for so the word imports offering to their Kings Congolitan and Aneroeste a great summe of present money They acquaint them with the great felicity of the Romanes and what a benefit it would be if they could vanquish them By this meanes they mooue them to make War against the Romans the which was easie to perswade considering the former Reason They promise them also to make them Companions in this Warre reducing to their memory the prowesse of their Predecessors who had not only defeated the Romanes in battell but after the Victory had taken the Citty of Rome with wonderfull celerity Where they had taken great spoiles and after they had beene masters thereof seauen moneths they restored them the Empire willingly and returned into their Countrey safe with all their booty In propounding these things brauely vnto them they incouraged these Kings and the Gaules so as there was neuer descent made out of that Country of a greater Army nor more valliant men nor better furnished When the newes thereof came to Rome the Citty was so amazed as they presently made a new Leuy of men and began to make prouision of Victualls leading their Army sometimes vnto their Frontiers as if the Gaules had beene there present who notwithstanding were not yet come out of their Country These things were very beneficiall to the Carthaginians to augment their Empiâ—e in Spaine But the Beâ—â—anes considering that these affaires were more pressing for that these people were too neere enemies they were forced to lay aside the affaires of Spaine vntill they had pacified Italy And therefore in renewing the accord with Asdrubal Lieutenant Generall for the Carthaginians they wholly attended the Warre against the Gaules studying only how they might resist their fury When as the Gessates had drawne a great number of men together neere vnto the Rhone they passed the Mountaines and entred the plaine neere vnto the Poe Where as the other Gaules eight yeares after the yeilding of that Region and in like manner the Millannois and Bolonians ioyned presently with a great multitude But the Venetians and Cenomans pacified by an Embassie from the Romanes preferred their friendship before the Alliance of the Gaules Wherefore the Kings for feare of them left a part of their Army in Millannois to guard the Countrey and marcht with the rest into Tuscany being about fifty thousand Foote and twenty thousand Cars and Horse-men When as the Romans had newes that the Gaules had past the Alpes they sent Lucius Emilius the Consull with an Army to Rimeni that being there before the Enemy hee should stay their passage They also caused one of the Pretors to march into Tuscany for the other Consull Caius Attilius had in the beginning of his Consulship past into Sardinia with an Army at Sea The City of Rome was heauy and much troubled and did not attend this great
far from being punished for the offence committed as this easie and suddaine reâ—vnion of two people into one Common-wealth seemed incredible to the whole VVorld For as soone as Arate was entred he forbad his men to touch their good Calling the Burgesses afterwards together wishing them not to care and that they should inioy their goods and be assured to liue in peace as long as they were vnder the Acheins Common-weale The Mantiniens who seemed to be without hope were wonderfully reioyced at the words of Arate VVherefore they presently changed their opinion receiuing those into their Houses to whom formerly they had beene deadly enemies with whom they did communicate their Goods and VVealth Finally they omitted nothing of that which seemed necessary for the setling of a firme friendshippe and in truth it was not without cause I doe not know if euer any fell into the hands of more gracious enemies or being falne into so great inconueniences haue relieued and raised themselues with so little losse the which proceeded from the humanity of Arate and the Acheins Afterwards seeing a farre off the seditions which were renewed amongst them and the practize of the Etoliens and Lacedemonians they send an Embassie to the Acheins to deliuer their Town into their protection and to receiue a Garrison VVho presently leuied three hundred men and sent them to Mantinea these three hundred men of the Acheins nation leauing their Countrey and all their estates they remained at Mantinea to preserue their liberty They had moreouer two hundred Souldiers that were strangers Soone after there grew a sedition among the Mantiniens wherfore they called the Lacedemonians deliuering them the Towne and to the end their wickednesse might be full and compleat they murthered all the Acheins a crime which was most execrable For seeing they would leaue the party and friendship of the Acheins they should at the least haue sent backe the Garrison safe into their Country It is a Custome which enemies obserue daily by a Common Law But to the end they might with more ease shewe their affection to Cleomenes and the Lacedemoâ—ians there proceeded to this great cruelty and basenesse who in breaking the Law of Nations would not spare their Friends Seeing then they haue practised such great cruelty towards those who hauing lately taken their Towne intreated them like men without offence and now defended and kept their Towne of what paines shall wee iudge them worthy VVhat punishment may wee ordayne for so foule an outrage Shall they be sold with their wiues and Children But by the Law of Armes they may doe it to those which haue not committed such crimes nor such cruelties They were therefore worthy of a greater punishment and a more grieuous example Wherefore if they haue suffered no more but that which Philarchus mentioned we must beleeue that the Grecians were not mooued to pitty but rather commended the iudgement of the Acheins who had resolued that so great a cruelty the like whereof had neuer beene spoken of should be grieuously punished Seeing then the Mantiniens at that time had no other harme but the losse of their goods and were sold by their enemies who will not hold this Historiographer to be a lyer and moreouer to haue Written incredible things And to the end he might shew his ignorance he hath not obserued that the Acheins at the same time did not the like vnto the Tegeates whom they tooke in battell For if the cruelty of the Acheins had beene the cause thereof there is no doubt but the Tegeates had suffered in like manner But seeing that this Rigour fell onely vppon the Mantiniens it is apparent that the cause of their choller was diuers Moreouer this same Historiographer tells vs that Aristomacus the Argine of a noble Family and of an auncient Tyrannicall Race was Tyrant of Argos who being taken by Antigonus and the Acheins and brought to Cenchrea hee suffered the most vniust Death that euer man indured He makes him moreouer as it is his custome to cast out lamentable cries the night that he was strangled And that the neighbours terrified partly with the cruelty and partly desirous to know what it was some of them wonderfully incensed ranne thither He also sets downe other effeminate things which we will leaue for the present beeing content with that which we haue here related For my part I conceiue that if Aristomacus had done no other thing against the Acheins but to turne the Common-weale into ruine and the liberty of the Country into Tyranny that he hath worthily deserued very great punishment Although that this gentle Historiographer desirous to attribute great glory vnto him and to begge pitty from the Auditors by a commemoration of the paines which he indured he doth not once say that he was a Tyrant but that hee was descended of a Tyrannicall Race What could he say worse or more pernitious For the very name is the field where all cruelty is sowne and which imbraceth all the outrages and villanies of men And admit that Aristomacus had indured great torments as Philarchus sayth yet he was not sufficiently punished for that which he committed in one day for when as Arate entred into Argos with a Troupe of Acheins without Discouery labouring to restore the Argiues to their liberty hee was in the end forced to leaue the Towne for that hee found not any man would take Armes for the feare they had of this Tyrant Wherefore Aristomacus taking his occasion for that they had consented to the comming of the Acheins put to Death fourescore Cittizens in the presence of his familiars Beleeue me it will bee tedious to relate the cruelty which he committed in his life time He held it of his Predecessors by right of inheritance And therefore wee must not thinke they haue done him wrong if they haue made him serue for an example with torments For it would haue beene much more vnworthy that so wicked a man after the murther of so many and afterâ— many thefts and spoyles should haue died vnpunished like an Innocent Neither can they charge Antigonus nor Arate of cruelty to haue put a Tyrant to death in Prison whom they had taken in open Warre and whom they might with reason and honour haue taken during a peace and haue put him to a cruell death But of what punishment will not you hold him worthy who besides all these things brake his accord with the Acheins A little before hee had relinquisht the tyranny being destitute of all hope and succours after the death of Demetrius At what time the Acheins did not onely saue him but entertaine him so courteously and graciously as they remitted all the wrongs which hee had done during his Reigne and gaue him great aduancements in their Common-wealth Finally they made him Chiefe of the Acheins But this wicked man amongst all others forgetting that great humanity and clemency began presently to plot how
of the place they should haue encountred them and charged them from aboue and if necessity had required they might haue retired safely on the right hand to charge the Enemy againe In doing this they had easily broken defeated and put the Macedonians to flight But they did the contrary as if they had the Victory certaine in their hands for without moouing from the place which the Cleomenes had appointed them they staied expecting the enemy with hope of a greater defeate For that they should be repulsed and beaten from the highest place of the Mountaine But they soone suffered the pennance of their basenesse For after that the Macedonians had recouered the Mountaine without any resistance and were come into the Plaine they fell vpon their enemies fighting hand to hand with so great sury as they presently draue them backe into the hollow Caues and inaccessible places In the meane time the Combate was cruell among the Horse-men where it was worth the sight to behold with what heate force and courage the Acheins fought considering they all fought for the liberty of the Countrey But among all others they made great esteeme of Philopomene for when his Horse was ouer thrown with a Pertuisane he fainted not fighting long on foote with great courage Finally in the end hee died valliantly being shot thorough the shinne-bones with an Arrow On the other side the Kings had begunne the fight at Mount Olympus with the mercenaries and such as were lightly armed They were about fiue thousand men who fought sometimes man to man and sometimes they tried the Fortune of the whole Troupe There the Victory was long in suspence finally they parted equally from the battell But when as Cleomees was aduertised that Emlide had abandoned the Mountaine and that the Allies had turned head and that the Horse-men were in great despaire and that all trembled for feare hee resolued to goe out of his Fort and to put his whole Army in Front vpon one side of the Campe and therefore hee caused them to sound a Retreate By this meanes when those that were lightly armed were drawne together the two Armies charged with their Pikes and Iauelings The Combate was cruell and the charge performed with so great courage on either side as the Victory was long doubtfull and the iudgement difficult who deserued the greatest honour For that sometimes the Lacedemonians retired and againe they made the Maceâ—onians giue backe Finally when as the Lacedemonians were vanquished and put to flight they were slaine heere and there like sheepe Cleomenes saued himselfe in Sparta without any wound beeing accompanied by some of the Horse-men From thence hee retired the night following to Sythia where he imbarqued in certaine shippes which lay long ready for the necessities of the Countrey and sailed with his friends to Alexandria When as Antigonus was entred into Lacedemon finding no resistance hee intreated the Lacedemonians graciously and courteously in all things but especially in suffering them to liue and gouerne their Common-weale after the Lawes of the Country When he had staied certaine daies there he returned into Macedony with his Army hauing newes of the descent of the Sclauonians and of the spoile they made Behold how Fortune disposeth of great affaires as she pleaseth There is no doubt but if Cleomenes had deferred the battell a little or staied in Sparta after his defeate keeping them in hope in the end he had preuailed in his affaires after the retreate of Antigonus Antigonus came from thence to Tegee to whom hee left their Common-weale intire Three dayes after he arriued at Argos at such time as the people were gathered together to celebrate the Nemean games who presently went foorth to meete him All the Citty had their eyes fixt vppon him and beheld him all the World commended him all the assembly of Greece and euery Citty in perticular did him Honour not onely Humane but Diuine From thence he made hast to go into Macedon where as he found the Sclauonians spoiling the Country to whom hee gaue battell and got the Victory after a long combate But hee cried so much during the fight as within few dayes after hee died of a fluxe of blood so as the Grecians lost the great hope they had conceiued not so much for his skill in Warre as for his vertue and royall perfections He left the Realme of Macedony to Philip the sonne of Demetrius But if you demaund of me why I haue helde so long a Discourse of this present Warre you must know I haue done it of purpose For as this time concurres with that whereof wee meane to speake I haue held it fit and necessary to let the World vnderstand according to my first resolution what the estate of the Macedonians and Grecians were at that time At that time Ptolomy died of sicknesse to whom succeeded Ptolomy Philopater The like did Seleucus the sonne of Seleucus who was surnamed Callinice and in like manner Pogon to whom his brother Antiochus succeeded in the Realme of Syria The like in a manner hapned to those which helde the Kingdomes of Alexander after his death as Seleucus Ptolomy and Lysimacus for those died in the hundreth foure and twenteth Olympiade as wee haue formerly related and these in the hundreth thirty nine Seeing wee haue exposed the preparation of all our History and sufficiently declared at what time and how and for what causes the Romanes after the conquest of all Italy assailed forraigne Realmes and what the estate then was of Greece Macedony and the Carthaginians I haue thought it fit to make an end of this Booke with a Commemoration of these actions and this alteration of Kingdomes Seeing that according to our intention we are come vnto the times when as the Grecians made the VVarre of the Allies the Romanes against Hannibal and to that when as the Kings of the lower Asia fought for the Empire of Syria The end of the Second Booke of Polybius THE THIRD BOOKE of the History of POLYBIVS WEe haue shewed sufficiently in the First Booke how that wee haue taken for the beginning and foundation of the Romane actions the VVarre betwixt the Allies that of Hannibal and that of Syria Wee haue in like manner set downe the causes for the which wee haue beene forced in reducing the beginnings farther off to write the History of the Second Booke Now we will indeauour to make you vnderstand the Warres themselues and the causes why they were vndertaken and dispersed in so many places hauing let you vnderstand in as few words as possible we may the attempts of the people of Rome Seeing that which wee haue vndertaken to write is but a Worke and as it were a spectacle that is to say how when and wherefore all the Countries of the VVorld haue beene reduced vnder the obedience of the Romans and that this hath a notorious beginning a prefixed time and the end certaine VVee haue thought it
decided Machate returnes into Etolia hauing effected nothing of that for which hee came The Heads of this Mutiny whereof wee haue spoken being discontented herewith began to plot a most cruell Enterprize Soone after the Youth were to assemble in Armes to performe a Sacrifice which was done yearely after the manner of the Countrey in Pallas Temple where the Gouernours of the Citty had the authority and continued some dayes in the Temple Wherefore they corrupted some of the Yong men which should be there in Armes with gifts who at a time appointed amongst them seeing the Gouernors busie at the Sacrifices should assaile them suddainly and kill them like Sheepe And although they were in the Temple the which the Lacedemonians honoured as a Sanctuary and where all malefactors although they were condemned to dye were in safety yet the insolence of men was growne to so great a cruelty as they slew all the Magistrates before the Altars and on the Tables of the Goddesse The like they did afterwards to the Senators which had followed the opinion of Herides Finally after they had chased out of their Citie those that were opposite to the Etoliens they created new Magistrates of their owne faction making a league with the Etoliens By this meanes they declared themselues at one instant Enemies to the Acheins and vnthankfull to the Macedonians They had a great hope in the loue of Cleomenes whose comming they expected with great affection Beleeue mee the mildnesse and courtesie of Princes hath so great power as it leaues in the hearts of men not onely by their presence but also by their absence a generall zeale of loue and good will towards them The Lacedemonians hauing the Gouernment of their Common-wealth almost for the space of three yeares after that Cleomenes had beene chased away they neuer thought of chusing a King But when they had newes of his death they had an humour to chuse one whereof the first Authors of this practise were the heads of the sedition who had made the league with the Etoliens Wherefore they elected according to their lawes and customes for one of their Kings one named Agesipoles being yet very young the sonne of Agesipoles who was sonne to Cleombrotus It happened that he raigned at such time as Leonides was deposed from the Magistracie for that hee was the neerest of that race And they gaue him for Tutor Cleomenes the sonne of Cleombrotus and brother to Agesipâ—les And although that Archidamus had two sonnes by the daughter of Hippomedon who was sonne to Eudemides and Hippomedon liuing still who was sonne to Agesilaus and Nephew to Eâ—demides and that there were many others of the same blood yet they made choise for their King making no account of the rest nor of their race of Licurgus who was of another house and had no expectance to raigne In truth it was said that he was of the race of Hercules and created King of Sparta in giuing to euery one of the Magistrates sixe hundred Crownes Thus you see that all wicked things haue alwayes beene set to saile But it was not long but the heads of this crime suffered the punishment of their folly and ouer-weening Machate aduertised of that which had beene done at Lacedemon returnes againe to Sparta and perswades the Kings and Magistrates to make warre against the Acheins saying that by this meanes the ambition of those Lacedemonians which held the contrary party and fled the alliance of the Etoliens might be easily supprest When as the Kings and Magistrates were perswaded by his words he returned into Etolia hauing done what he desired by the folly of the Lacedemonians Afterwards Licurgus leuying mercenary men and assembling the people of the Citie enters into the limits of the Argiues whom he assailes vnprouided expecting no such vsage from the Lacedemonians And suddainly takes Polychne Parsie Leâ—ce Cyphas and some other of their Burroughes putting all the Countrey to fire and sword These things being done the Lacedemonians declared warre against the Acheins And in the meane time Mahbate went to the other neighbour Townes perswading them as he had done the Lacedemonians By this meanes the Etoliens to whom all things succeeded happily vndertooke the warre boldly Contrariwise all things were auerse to the Aecheins For King Philip in whom they chiefely relied did but then leuie men the Epirotes had not yet begun the warre with the Etoliens and the Messeniens liued in peace The Etoliens hauing drawne vnto them the Elienses and Lacedemonians prest the Acheins of all sides It happened that Arate had left the gouernment and his sonne Arate was chosen chiefe of the Acheins and that Scope was Captaine Generall of the Etolien Army but he was not to stay long in it for the Etoliens at that time made their election after the middest of September and the Acheins about the beginning of May. Summer being past when as young Arate had vndertaken the gouernment all the warres in a manner had one beginning For Hanibal prepared at that time for the siege of Sagont The Romans sent Lucius Emilius into Sclauonia against Demetrius of Phare Antiochus began the warre in Syria by the meanes of Ptolomais and Antyrus which were deliuered vnto him in treason by Theodotus and Ptolomy against Antiochus Licurgus to follow Cleomenes besieged Athence a Towne of the Megalopolitains The Acheins leuied both Horse and Foote Philip parted from Macedon with his Army hauing about tenne thousand Leginaries and fiue thousand men arm'd with Targets and about eight hundred Horse This was the preparation for warre at that time The Rhodiens made warre at the same time against the Constantinopolitains for some such causes The Constantinopolitains inhabit a City strong by scituation and wonderfull commodious to finde all things that may giue content vnto man For it is so well seated vpon the Gulfe of Pontus as no Marchant can enter nor goe forth but at the mercy of Constantinople And as the Pontique Sea brings any things necessary for man the Constantinopolitains are the Masters for the Countries there-abouts supplies them with great aboundance of Leather for their common vse and a great multitude of Stags and they send to vs honey for daintinesse wax flesh salted and such like things They draw also from vs other things which abound in our Countries as Oyles and all sorts of Wines Somtimes they furnish Wheat and we doe the like to them These are the things whereof the Grecians make vse or else the vent would bee vnprofitable vnto them whereas the Constantinopolitains should shew themselues malicious in allying themselues to the Gaules or to any other barbarous Neighbours So as the Grecians should be forced to abandon the Pontique Sea for the straightnesse of the places and the multitude of Barbarians Wherefore the Constantinopolitains haue great commodities by reason of their scituation transporting those things whereof they abound and drawing vnto them what they want without
opposed themselues So as they returned without effect So one after they sent to declare VVarre vnto them for the afore-said causes Presently after the Rhodiens sent Embassadours to Prusias to perswade him to make Warre against the Constantinopolitains for they knew well hee was offended with them for certaine causes The Constantinopolitains in like manner solicited Attalus and Acheus by many Embassies to succour them against the Rhodiens It is true that Attalus was at liberty but hee was much oppressed with pouerty for that Acheus had forced him to retire himselfe within the liberties of his Fathers Empire Finally Acheus who tearmed himselfe Lord of all the Countrey which lies on this side Tauris and publishing himselfe for King promised succours vnto the Constantinopolitains which gaue them occasion of great hope and terrified very much the Rhodiens and Prusias For Acheus was allied vnto Antiochus who raigned in Syria and had attained to this Principallity by such or the like meanes After the death of Seleucus father vnto Antichus and that his Sonne Seleucus the eldest of the brethren had succeded in the Realme Acheus past the Mountaine of Tauris with him in regard of his kindred about two yeares before the time whereof wee now speake For as soone as Seleucus was King and hearing that Attalus had taken the whole Country which lies on this side Mount Tauris considering that hee must giue order to his Affaires passeth the Mountaine with a great Army VVhere within few dayes after hee was slaine by Apaturin a Gaule and Nicanor Acheus resoluing to reuenge the death of his kinsman kills them presently And then he gouernes the Army and all other affaires with great VVisedome and Courage For when as the opportunity of the time and the generall consent of all the Souldiers perswaded him to take the Crowne yet hee would not doe it but kept the Realme for the younger Brother Antiochus and gouerning all other matters carefull he resolued to subdue the whole Country which is on this side Tauris But when as all things had succeeded happily and that in the end he had left nothing but Pergamus to Attalus hee presently changed his minde and caused himselfe to bee called their King being growne proud with the Victories which hee had obtained contrary vnto his Hope So as it fell out that his name was more feared by the Inhabitants on this side Tauris then of any other King or Prince Wherat the Constantinopolitains being moued they made no difficulty to vnder-take a Warre against the Rhodiens and Prusias Who accused them that when they had promised to set vp his Images yet they afterwards forgot it thorough negligence And withall hee was much more incensed for that they had done what possibly they could to pacifie the Warre which was kindled betwixt Acheus and Attalus For that euery man knew that their peace was dangerous to him for many Reasons Finally hee obiected against them that whereas they had sent an Embassie to Attalus at the Games which he had made in the honour of Minerua they had not sent any one vnto him when hee gaues thankes vnto the Gods For which reasons being incensed hee willingly embraced the Rhodiens party against them of Constantinople And therefore hee agreed with their Embassadours that they should send foorth a very strong Fleete to assaile the Constantinopolitains by Sea promising likewise to inuade them by Land with no lesse forces then they should This was the the beginning and the causes of the Warre which the Rhodiens made against the Constantinopolitains They also at the first entred into it with great Courage hoping that Acheus would succour them according vnto his promise They had also called Thibete of Macedony whom they opposed against Prusias to take from him the meanes to make VVarre against another being much troubled for the defence of his owne But Prusias parting with great rage and fury against the Constantinopolitains hee presently tooke Fanum a place very strong by Nature and seated vpon the mouth of the Pontique Lea which they of Constantinople had lately purchased for a great summe of money mooued with the opportunity of the place to the end that no man might enter or goe foorth of the Pontique Sea but by their fauour Moreouer he put all the Countrey of Asia which the Constantinopolitains had long helde to fire and Sword On the other side the Rhodiens hauing made sixe shippes and taken foure from their Allies whereof they made Xenophante Commaunder they sailed vnto Hellesponte with an Army of ten saile of very strong Shippes And hauing left nine neere vnto Seste for the defence of the entry into the Pontique Sea the Commaunder hauing a good VVinde sailed with the tenth vnto Constantinople to view their Countenance And whither at this first beginning of the VVarre they would be better aduised But finding them ill affected hee retired vnto his whole Army with the which hee returned to Rhodes In the meane time the Constantinopolitains sent Embassies some vnto Acheus intreating him to hasten his Succours Others into Macedony to draw downe Thibete for it seemed that the Realme of Bythinia did as rightly belong to Thibete as to Prusias for that hee was his Vncle. The Rhodiens being aduertised of the obstinacy of the Constantinopolitains vsed Wisedome and Policy For when they vnderstood that all their Hope was in Acheus whose Father Ptolomy kept in Prison at Alexandria and that Acheus leauing all other Affaires whatsoeuer was carefull of his deliuery they thought good to send an Embassie to Ptolomy and to intreate him with great Affection to deliuer vnto them the father of Acheus to the end that by this means they should make him bound vnto them Ptolomy after he had heard the Embassadours did not seeme very willing to deliuer Andromochus hoping to make vse of him at neede for that hee was not yet well pacified with Antiochus and that Acheus hauing seazed vppon the Realme without any contradiction and farre extended his power For Andromochus was Father vnto Acheus and brother to Laodicea Wife to Seleucus Yet to please the Rhodiens hee deliuers him vnto them to restore him vnto his Sonne if they thought good The Rhodiens by this meanes hauing done according to their owne desires and reconciling themselues vnto Acheus by some other meanes they did frustrate the Constantinopolitains of their principall hope There fell out also another accident which troubled them very much For Thibete whom they had drawne out of Macedony as we haue said died suddainly of sicknesse For which accidents the Constantinopolitains began to faint Contrariwise Prusias hauing a greater hope of his Enterprize parted from Asia to make Warre and leuied men in Thrace pressing the Constantinopolitains so neere as they durst not issue or sally out of the Gates which looked towards Europe Wherefore being thus destitute of all hope and suffering all the iniuries of Warre they sought and inuented some honest meanes to be
Asia and the Ilands And as for Thracia and Macedony the Princes of Enos and Maronia and of Townes that were more remote had alwayes an eye ouer them Wherefore imploying their forces to assaile forreine Princes farre from their Realmes they were not troubled for the Empire of Egypt Their chiefe care then was for the Warres of forreine Countries In regard of this King of whom wee speake there were many in a short time who for his infamous loues and ordinary excesse in drinking had an eye vpon him and his Realme Amongst the which Cleomenes of Lacedemon was the first He made no alteration whilest that the other King liued who was surnamed Benefactor as if he were perswaded that during his life he should want no meanes to reconquer his Realme But when as after his death the affaires required his presence Antigonus being also dead And that the Acheins with the Macedonians made Warre against the Lacedemonians which they maintaine according vnto that which hee had aduised them in the beginning being allied to the Etoliens Then hee was forced to thinke of his departure from Alexandria Wherefore hee first solicited the King to send them backe with an Army and sufficient munition And when as the King would not giue eare vnto it he intreated him at the least to suffer him to depart with his family for the time was now come when as great opportunities were offred to recouer his Fathers Realme The King neither considering the present nor fore-seeing the future for the causes aboue specified like an ouer-weening man and without iudgement neuer made any esteeme of Cleomenes But Sosibius who chiefely gouerned all the affaires of the Kingdome at that present holding a Councell with his Friends was not of aduice to suffer Cleomenes to goe with an Army at Sea and munition disdaining forreine affaires and holding this charge lost considering the death of Antigonus fearing likewise that this death being so fresh the way might be made easie to stirre vp some Warre And there being no man found to resist Cleomenes he would soone make himselfe Lord of all the Citties in Greece Finally they feared he would become their Enemy considering the present in regard of the Kings manner of life which was well knowne vnto them With this disaduantage that Sosibius saw the Prouinces of the Realme to lie one farre from another and to haue great opportunities of reuolte For there was neere vnto Samos a good number of Vessels and great Troupes of Souldiers neere vnto Ephesus Wherefore he did not hold it fit to send backe Cleomenes with an Army for the afore-sayd reasons But when they considered that it would not be profitable for their Common-wealth to let goe so great a personage who afterwards might proue their open Enemy there was no preuention but to retaine him by force The which notwithstanding the rest disliked conceiuing that there would be great danger to keepe the Lyon and Sheepe in one fold Sosibius was of the same opinion for that or the like cause At such time as they resolued to take Mega and Beronice and that they feared to bring their enterprize to a good end in regard of the fiercenesse of Beronice they were forced to drawe together all those which followed the Court and to make them great promises if they preuailed Then Sosibius knowing that Cleomenes wanted the Kings fuccours to recouer his fathers Realme and that he had found him by experience to be wise and politicke in great affaires he discouered his whole secrets vnto him propounding vnto him great hopes Cleomenes seeing him pensiue and fearing the strangers and Mercenaries perswaded him not to care promising him that the Souldiers should not trouble him and that moreouer they should giue him great assistance to bring his enterprize to an end And when as the other stood in admiration doest thou not see sayd Cleomenes that there are about three thousand men of Morea and a thousand Candyots all which will bring vs where we please Hauing these whom else doest thou feare What The Companions of the Warre of Syrria and Caria And when as Sosibius liked of his words hee entred more boldly into the Action And afterwards considering of the Kings soolery and negligence hee often called to minde this Speech and had alwayes before his eyes the Courage of Cleomenes and the affection the Souldiers bare him Wherefore considering this at the same time hee gaue the King and his other familiars to vnderstand that hee must seaze vpon him and keepe him close and priuate For the working and effecting whereof hee vsed this meanes There was one Nicagorus a Messenien a friend to the father of Archidamus King of the Lacedemonians betwixt whom there had formerly beene some friendship But at such time as Archidamus was chased from Sparta for feare of Cleomenes and fled to Messena hee not onely gaue him a good reception into his House with his friends at his first comming but hee alwayes liued with him afterwards during his flight so as there grew a great and strict familiarity betwixt them When as after these things Cleomenes made shewe of some hope of reconciliation with Archidamus Nicagorus beganne to treate of the Conditions of peace VVhen the accord had beene made and that Nicagorus had taken the faith of Cleomenes Archidamus returned to Sparta assuring himselfe of the conuentions of Nicagorus whom Cleomenes meeting vpon the way slew suffering Nicagorus and his company to passe away In regard of Nicagorus he carried the countenance of a very thankfull man for that he had saued his life But hee was vexed in his Soule and incensed for the deede for that hee seemed to haue giuen the occasion This Nicagorus had failed vnto Alexandria some little time before with Horses whereas going out of the ship hee met with Cleomenes Panthee and Hippite walking vpon the strande whom Cleomenes perceiuing saluted curteously demaunding what businesse had brought him thither To whom he answered that he had brought Horses I had rather sayd Cleomenes thou hadst brought Concubines and Bawds for these are the things wherein the King at this day takes his chiefe delight Then Nicagores held his peace smiling VVhen as within few dayes after he discoursed by chance with Sosibius by reason of the Horses he related vnto him that which Cleomenes had arrogantly spoken of the King And seeing Sosibius to heare him willingly he acquainted him with the cause of the â—pleene he bare him VVhen as Sosibius knew him to be wonderfully incensed against Cleomenes hee did him great curtesies for the present and promised him great fauours hereafter Finally hee wrought so that imbarquing he left Letters concerning Cleomenes which a seruant of his brought after his departure as sent from him The which Nicagorus performing the seruant vsed speed to go vnto the King assuring him that Nicagorus had giuen him the Letters to carry to Sosibius The Tenour whereof was That if Cleomenes were not soone dispatcht
Letters from Molon and when hee affirmed no the other was confident that he would finde some Wherefore entring into the House to search he found the Letters and taking this occasion slew him These things happening thus the King thought that hee was iustly slaine And although the rest of the Court and of his friends were much grieued at this suddaine disaster yet they dissembled their sorrow for feare When as Antiochus was come vnto Euphrates he marcht with his army vnto Antiochia and stayed at Michdionia about the midst of Decâ—mber desiring to passe the â—oughnesse of the Winter there where staying about forty dayes hee went vnto Liba where hee called a Councell And when as they consulted of the way which they should hold to find Molon and from whence and how they might recouer Victuals for at that time hee made his abode in Babylon Hermes was of opinion that they should keepe their way vppon this side the Riuer of Tygris and along the Bankes doubting and not a little fearing the Riuers of Luque and Capre Zeuxis was of another opinion but hee durst not speake nor declare his minde plainely remembring still the death of Epigene But when as the ignorance of Hermes seemed apparent to all the assistants hee with some difficulty deliuered his aduice that they must passe Tygris aswell for many other difficulties which are on this side as for that they must of necessity after they had past certaine places in marching sixe daies iourney by a Desart Country came vnto a Region which they call Diorex where the passage was not safe for that the enemy had seized thereon And that moreouer the returne would be dangerous especially for want of victuals If the King likewise did passe Tygris all the people of Appolonia transported with ioy would come vnto him who at this day obeyed Molon not for any affection but through necessity and feare And withall they should haue abundance of victuals by reason of the fertility of the Countrey and the passage of Media would be shut vp for Molon so as of necessity he should be forced to come and fight Or if hee fled his Troupes would soone yeild vnto the King When the aduice of Zeuxis had beene allowed in Councell they presently past the whole Army with the baggage in three places And marching from thence vnto Dâ—re they raised the siege for one of Molons Captaines had some few dayes before besieged it and afterwards continuing on their way and hauing past the Mountaines which they of the Countrey call Orie in eight daies they came into Apolonia At the same time Molon hauing newes of the Kings comming and not holding himselfe assured of the Sâ—sians and Babilonians beeing lately made subiect vnto him and by surprize fearing moreouer that the passage of Media was stopt hee afterwards resolued to passe by the Riuer Tygris speedily with his whole Army making haste to gaine the Woodes which bend towards the playnes of Apolonia for that he had great confidence in his Slingers whom they call Cyrtles When hee approached neere these places from the which the King parting with his Army from Apolonia was not farre it happened that the forerunners of eyther side lightly armed met vppon a Hill where they skirmished But vpon the approach of both Armies they began to retire and the two Campes lodged within forty furlongs one of another When night came Molon considering that a battaile by day with the King would bee dangerous for him not relying much vppon his men he resolued to assaile Antiochus at mid-night Wherefore hee made choise of the ablest men of his whole Army and takes his way by vnknowne places resoluing to charge the enemy from the higher part But being aduertised vppon the way that ten of his Souldiers had stollen away in the night and retired vnto Antiochus hee gaue ouer his enterprize So as taking another way hee returned to the Campe at the breake of day the which was the chiefe cause of great trouble in his Army For they awaking with this suddaine and short returne of their Companions they were so terrified and amazed as they were in a manner ready to flie and abandon their Campe. Molon when the trueth was knowne and well perceiued pacified this terrour and amazement what hee could in so short a space although it in some part increased still The King being ready to fight drawes his Army to fielde at the breake of day and on the right Wing hee sets the Launces vnder the Commaund of Ardis a man of great experience in the Warre To whom hee gaue for a supply the Candyots his Allies and after them the Gaules and Rhigosages who were followed by the Souldiers of Greece and finally by a great battalion of Foote-men In regard of the left Wing he gaue it to the Allies which were all on horse-backe Hee likewise set the Elephants in Front betwixt the two Wings beeing ten in number In regard of the supplies of Horse and Foote distributed on eyther Wing hee giues them charge to wheele about and to compasse in the enemy as soone as the Battaile should beginne to charge After all this hee encourageth the Souldiers telling them in few words what was necessary for the present And he giues to Hermes and Zeuxis the leading of the left Wing and takes the right vnto himselfe On the other side Molon drawes his Army to Field with great difficulty and puts it but ill in Battaile by reason of the disorder which had happened in the night Yet hee diuided his Horse-men in two wings thinking the enemy had done the like placing the Targetteers and the Gaules with others that were of most apt courage great experience and best Armed in the middest of the Horse-men putting the Archers and Slingers vppon the two Wings without the Troupe of Horse-men and in Front were placed all the Carriages and Bill-men He gaue the leading of the left Wing vnto his brother Neolaus and him selfe takes the right This done the two Armies marcht Molons right Wing was loyall and faithfull vnto him charging Zeuxiâ— with great Courage and fury But when as the left Wing drew somewhat neere vnto the King it retired to the enemy This happening Molons Troupes fainted suddainely And the Kings Army grew more stoâ— and couragious But when as Molon saw and well perceiued himselfe thus betrayed and inuironed by the enemy thinking and immagining of the Torments which hee must indure if hee fell aliue into their hands hee slew himselfe The like the rest did which had beene Traytors vnto the King who recouering their Houses by flight slew themselues When as Neolaus had escaped from the Battaile and was retired vnto Alexander Brother to Molon in Persis hee slew the mother of Molon and his Children After whose death he slew himselfe perswading Alexander to doe the like When as the King had spoiled the enemies Campe hee commaunded that the body of Molon should be hanged vpon a Crosse in the
and some ran to hide themselues in houses and places that were not suspected And when the spacious places about the Hall the place for running of Horses and the Court about Dyonisius Theater were fill'd with a multitude of all sorts of men Agathecles hearing this riseth vp being drunke after that hee had emptied his gorge and came vnto the King after hee had taken all his Kinsmen except Philon. After hee had vsed some Speech mouing to compassion hee takes him by the hand and leads him to the Armory of lauelings seated betwixt the top and the wrestling place and which bends by the way of the Theater And after hee had opened two Doores hee came to the third accompanied with two or three of the Guard and his Kinsmen These Doores were transparent and shut with double Barres And when at that time all the Commons of the City were there assembled so as not onely the places were full of men but also the passages and tops of houses there grew a confused cry and howling of Women and Children with the men in this Mutiny as well of them of Chalcedonia as of Alexandria mingled together Aâ— Sun-rising the cry was confused yet the chiefâ— sound was that they called for the King The Macedonians rising first seaze vpon the Ports of the Kings Treasure But when they vnderstood in what part of the Pallace the King was turning to the first Doores of the first Armory they beate them downe And when they were come vnto the second they demand the Infant with a great cry Agathocles seeing what would befall him intreates the Guard to intercede for him to the Macedonians letting them vnderstand that hee would relinquish the gouernment of the Infant with his power and dignity and moreouer all the gouernment intreating them to bee so fauourable vnto him as to saue his life affoording him necessary Victuals and the like returning vnto his ancient and former course of life and that hee would not nay he could not offer offence or wrong vnto any man whatsoeuer None of the Guards pittying him in his distresse woâ—ld obey him onely Aristomenes vndertooke the charge who was afterwards Gouernour of the publicke affaires He was an Acarnanian and as he was aduanced in yeares hauing the superintendency of the affaires hee was held a good Gouernour to the King and royall Pallace And in the meane time he had respect to the prosperity of Agathocles for he was the first who calling vnto him Agathocles hee alone had a Crowne of Gold by all the assistants the which they vsually doe onely to Kings Finally hee was the first that durst carry a Ring with Agathocles Image And when hee had a Daughter by his Wife hee called her Agathoclea But we haue spoken sufficiently of this Subiect Hee therefore hauing taken charge of Agathocles commandment and going forth at a Posterne he came vnto the Macedonians When he had vsed some little speech and declared the Will of Agathocles the Macedonians sought to kill him and when as many put forth their hands to defend him they enquired the Opinion of the rest which being vnderstood he returned to Agathocles hauing charge to come backe with the King or else to returne no more The Macedonians hauing giuen this Answer sent backe Aristomenes and assailing the second Doore they vnhang it Wherefore they which were with Agathocles seeing the violence of the Macedonians as well by their actions as by their answere comming first to the Doore lifting vp their suppliant hands Agathoclea likewise shewed the Papps wherewith shee sayd shee had giuen the King sucke intreating the Macedonians with a mournefull and miserable voice onely to saue her life And when as by the great lamentations of her Fortune shee had preuailed nothing in the end they draw forth the Infant with his Guards The Macedonians presently set the King on Horse-backe and lead him to the Theater Assoone as hee was discouered they stay his Horse with great clamors and ioy and taking him downe they set him in a royall Chaire In the meane time the Commons partly reioyce and were partly sad They reioyced for the comming of the Infant againe they were sad and grieued for that they which were the Offendors had not beene taken and punished accordingly Wherfore crying continually they required that they might bee brought and exemplarily punished by an Ignominious and reproachfull Death as the Authors of all their miseries and troubles But when the Day was farre spent the Mutiny of the people could not be pacified by any meanes Sosibius the Sonne of Sosibius then Captaine of the Guard hauing the principall charge of the Kings affaires seeing that the Mutiny of the people could not bee pacified and the Infant grew sad through the insolency and nouelty of the present affaires and the trouble of the Commons hee demanded of him if hee would not deliuer vnto the people those which had offended against him or his Mother And when hee consented hee commanded the Guards to make the Kings will knowne And then they tooke the Infant in his Chaire and carryed him to his owne house But when the Kings pleasure was divulged and made knowne by the Guards all the place was full of ioy and exclamations They which were with Agathocles and Agathoclea retired presently to their houses The Guards presently forced some of them and others were thrust on by the people to seeke them out and kill them Whereof the beginning was by an accident One of the Guard and a follower to Agathocles named Phylon being yet full with Drinke came forth into the place Who when hee saw the Mutiny of the people hee sayd vnto the assistants that if euer Agathocles came forth againe as hee had done they would repent it They which heard him some blamed him others thrust him and when hee offred to defend himselfe some suddainly teare his Cloake others slew him miserably with their Iauelings Whilest they drag'd him about the place yet breathing and that the Commons had tasted the fury of striking they expect hourely to haue the rest brought Soone after Agathocles was the first beeing bound and mannacled who going on was suddainly thrust thorough by some one wherein hee performed the part of a Friend and not of an Enemy For by this meanes they preuent his worthy punishment They brought with him Nicon and Agathoclea naked with her Sisters and consequently all their Parentage Finally they drawe Oenanthe out of the Temple and bring her on horse-backe naked vnto the place When all these were deliuered vnto the Commons some bite them others pricke them and some pull out their eyes and dismember them vntill they were maimed The Egyptians are wonderfull cruell in their fury At the same time some Virgins which had beene bred vp with Arcinoe hearing Sirene crying out that Philammon Triteâ— had beene present at the murther of the Queene they fall vppon his house and kill him with Stones and Staues smothering
foote 150 foot 50 100 100 50 50 100 50 100 50 50 100 100 50 150 175   Footmen Allies 1260 Horsemen Allies 400  F. Iauelins 1200 Princip 1200  Tria R. 600 Horse 300  R. horse 300 Tria 600â— Â Prinâ— p. 1200 F. Iauelins 1200  Horsemen Allies 400 Footmen â—60  The Romans Campe containes in its square equall of all sides 91. Acres and about 12. Rod after 22. foot to the Rod and 100 Rod to the Acre In regard of the Gates of the Campe I haue purposely omitted them for that Polybius makes no mention Although the manner of the Romanes was to haue foure according to the foure Corners of the world And it is placed in the middest of euery side of the Ditch As for the light Iauelins or Darts they are diuided among other Bands And as for the streets I haue not set them downe for that they may be easily imagined The Persians The Lacedemonians The Macedonians The Romans The beginning of the History A good Comparison Timerus an Historiographer Dâ—nis Rhegium besieged by the Romans The taking of Messina by some Campanois The taking of Rhegium by some Campanois being there in Garrison The taking of Rhegium by the Romans The punishment of Traytours The Campanois 〈…〉 Hieron chosen King of the Saragossins An alliance made by Hieron with Leptine The pollicy of Hieron The Riuer of Ciamosure The Mamertins deliuor their Towne and Fort vnto the Carthaginians Succours required from the Romans by the Mamertins The Romans resolue to succour the Mamertins by Appius Claudius The Mamertins recouer the Fort from the Captaine of the Carthaginians Hieron follows the Carthaginians party The defeate of Hieron by Appius The defeate of the Carthaginians by Appius The blame of Philin and Fabiusâ—istoriographers â—istoriographers Philin Marcus Valerius and Octocilius Consuls The order of the Romane Armies and the number of men in a Legion An accord betwixt Hieron and the Romans and what it â—â—ntaines Supplies which the Carthaginians put into Agragas Agragas besieged by the Romans Seuerity of the Romans towards their Souldiers Fifty thousand men within Agragas A skirmish offered the Romans by the Numidians A battell betwixt the Carthaginians and Romans The Carthaginians lose the Battell The Retreate of Haniball from Agragas Agragas spoiled by the Romans Sixe score vessels for the Sea made speedily by the Romans The Romans inuention to invre their men to the Oare Certaine of the Roman ships with their commaunder Surprised by a Carthaginiaâ— Consull A defeate of Hanibals ships for want of a good Wind. An Engine inuented by the Romans called a Rauen. A battel at Sea betwixt the Carthaginians and Romans The flight of the Carthaginians Macelle taken by assault A defeate of foure thousand men allied to the Romans by Amilcar Haniball crucified Hippane and Mysistrate taken with many other Townes Aulus Rutilius Consull The Romans Army by Sea The Promontory of Pachina The Carthaginians Army of three hundred and fifty sayle An Army of 140000. Romans and more Carthaginians A Remonstrance made by the Carthaginian Captaines to the Souldiers of their Army A Battell at Sea betwixt the Romans and Carthaginians Amilcar vanquished A Victory of the Romans against the Carthaggnians The Cape of Mercure Aspis taken by the Romans Courses made by the Romans in the Carthaginians Countrey Asdruball Bostar and Amilcar Commanders of the Carthaginians Army Tunes taken by the Romans by assault The Nunidians great robbers Embassadours sent by the Carthaginians to Marcus Attilius Xantippus a Lacedemonian The Leading of the Carthaginians Army giuen to Xantippus The order of the batâ—ell by Xantippus Battell giuen by the Romans to the Carthaginians Marcus Attillius taken with 500. Romans Aremonstrance of Polybius Xantippus returnes into his Countrey Aspis besieged by the Carthaginians One hundred and fourteene Vessels of the Carthaginians takâ—n by the Romans A great number of the Romane ships perished by a Tempest Asdruball sent into Sicily by the Carthaginians Palermo besseged by the Romans and taken by assault One hundred and fifty of the Roman Vessels lost Theruce and Lipara A new Army at Sea prepared by the Romans The policy of Cecilius to defeaâ—e the Elephants A defeat of the Carthaginians by the Romans An Armie at Sea prepared by the Romans The Scituation of the Iland of Sicily Three principall promontoties in Sicily Many Towers ruined by their Engines Imilcon A Conspiracy by merceâ—ary Souldiers sâ—ruing vnder the Carthaginians Alexon The foresight of the Carthaginians Haniball sonne of Amilcar Captaine of 50 ships with 10000. meâ— Hâ—â—iball a Rhâ—dieu The great resolution of the Rhâ—diâ—n 〈…〉 Thâ— Rhodiâ—â— taken with his ship A Sally of the Carthaginiâ—ns vpon the Romans Engines of Battery An enterprize of the Romans vpon Tripanâ—m A Combate at Sea betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians A Victory at Sea by Adherâ—al against the Romans Appiâ—s Clâ—udius deposed from the Consulship and condemneâ— to dye Lucius Iunius The Romans surprized by Carthalo The Romanes Fleete broken at Sea by the Violence of a storme Mount Erix Mount Aetna Amilcar spoiles the Coasts of Italy Amilcar The Towne of Erix taken from the Romans by Amilcar A good Comparison The port of Trepanum taken by Luâ—atius Commaunder oâ— the Romane Army An Army at Sea prepared by the Carthaginians Hanno A fight at Sea betwixt the Romans and Carthaginians A Victory of the Romanes against the Carthaginians Amilcar Father to Hanniball Gescon Insolency of the Souldiers within â— Carthâ—â—â— Mutiny of the Souldiers The complaint of the Souldiers Or Gesâ—on Gescon makes remonstrances to the Souldiers Spendius Malbo Embassies sent throughout all Affricke by Matho and Spendâ—us The cruell and couetous Empire of the Carthaginians The Conspiracy of the Wâ—â—menâ—â— Affricke The seituation of Caâ—thage 〈◊〉 The Nature of the Numidians Surprize of the Carthagiâ—ians Campe. Amiâ—car The Riuer of â—achera Sepâ—yra The Pollicy of Amilcar The Victory of Amilâ—ar Supplies of Numidians come to Spendius Narauâ— The Victory of the Carthaginians against Speâ—dius A mutiny of mercenary Souldiers in Sardinia Bostare slaine Hâ—inno hang'd on a Crosse. The Carthâ—ginâ—ans lose Sardinia Letters from Tunes to the Mutines Camp A great inhuâ—â—nity Gescon with his Coâ—pany put to death A cruell resolution Diffention betwixt Amilcaâ— and Hanno The Townes of Hipponâ— and Bisarthe reuolt from the Carthaginians The Prudâ—ncâ— of Hieron The courtesie of the Romanes to the Carthaginians The extreame necessity which prâ—st the strangers Campe. Famine makes them to eate men Forty thousand men slaine by Amilcar A defeat of the Carthaginians â—y Matho Hannibal crucified Reconciliation of Amilcar and Hanno Assignation of a Battell A Battell won by the Carthagiginians Matho punished Note the iniustice of the Romans The death of Amilâ—ar Asdrubal made Generall Agron King of Sclauonia Demetrius Father to Philip. Succours from Sclauonia to the Midioâ—ians A defeate of the Etoliens by the Sclauonians The death of King Agâ—on Queene Teâ—â—a Pheâ—ice taken by the Sclauonians Scerdilaide The Victory of the
Sclauonians against the Epirotes A reprehension of the Epirotes Some Gaules banisht theirâ— Countrey for their disloyalty The Illirians are Sclauonians The Romans Embassie to Teuca Queene of Sclauonia A bold answer of an Embassadour Durazo surprized by the Sclaâ—oniâ—â—s Corsue besieged by the Sclauonians A Victory of the Sclauonians against the Acheins Corfu yeelded Corfu yeelded to the Romans Apolonia yeelded to the Romans Parthenia yeelded to the Romans An accord made with Tâ—uca Carthagena built in Spaine by the Carthaginians A treaty made betwixt the Romans and Carthaginianâ— A description of Italy The fertillity of Ital. About three pence A pâ—ice hard to be credited The Turinois and Agoniens The Genouois The Poe. Volane Padoua Bodencus The Venetiens come from Paphlagoniâ— The Gaules manner of liuing Rome taken by the Gaules The Gaults returne against the Romans Pillage made by the Gaules vpon the Romans Diuers victories of the Gäules against the Romans A defeate and ruine of the Senogallois by the Romans The scituation of Senogallia The Bolonians defeated by the Romans A defeat of the Gaules in Delphos King Etas and Gastus slaine The occasion to renew the Warre betwixt the Romans and Gaules The Gaules were seauen moneths within Rome Amazement of the Romans for the descent of the Gaules A descent of the Transalpins into Italy The number of the Gaules Army The diligence of the Romans The preparation which the Romans made for Warre The number of Souldiers which were raised in Italy Tuscany ruined by the Gaules The pollicy of the Gaules A Victory of the Gaules against the Romans The aduice of Aneâ—oeste The retreate of 〈◊〉 Gaules The pursuite of Emilius Caius Attilius The order of the Gaules battell Caius Attilius slaine The battell of the Foot-men The defeate of the forlorne hope of the Gaules The Armes which the Gaules did vse A defeate of the Gaules Army The taking of King Congâ—llitane The death of King Aneroeste The Bolonians Country spoyâ—led The Boloniansâ— yeild to the Romans The Army of the Milannois The vneasinesse of the Gaules Swords A Victory of the Romanes against the Millannois The Gessates dwell on this side the Rhâ—ne Acerras besieged Clâ—stidium besieged A defeate of the Gaules by the Romans Acerras taken by Cornelius The Grecians terrified by the Gaults Asdrubal slaine All Morâ—a reduced into â— league The Name of the Acheiâ—s well entertayned in Morea The Pythà gorians burnt in Italy The Lacedemonians and Thebains Arate A league betwixt the Dymensorins and them of Patra Tisamenes Sygus The alliance of twelue Citties The beginning of the league Iseas King Geryneâ— Arate The Fort of Corinthe taken by Arate Lysidas Aristomacus Xenon Cleomines The enuy of the Etolienâ— against the Acheins Antigonus Tutour to Phiâ—ips Sonne Athenes The Cleomenique Warre A good confideration of Arate The nature of Kings Nicophanes Cercides A good inuention of Arate The fore-sight of Arate Diuers defeatâ— of the Achâ—â—â— Acrocâ—rinthe yeelded to Antigonus Reuolte of Aripote of Argos Argos taken by the Acheins Acrocorinthe taken by Antigonus Tegee yeelded vnto Antigonus Orchomene taken with other Townes Megalopolin razed Thearce The duty of a Historiographer What is required in a Tragedy The reuolte of the Mantiniens The courteous vsage of Arate to the Mantinienâ— The great villany committed by the Mantinienâ— The Mantiniens sold. Aristâ—macus The cruelty of Aristomacus Aristoâ—acus strangled The great 〈…〉 Megalopolitains The third part of the booty is due to the Generall The pillage of Mantinia came to ninescore thousand Crownes An Aâ—â—y leuied by Cleomenes Antigonus blamed The number of Nations which were in Antigonus Army Sellasia Eua. Olympus Euclide Antigonus Campe seated vpon the Bankes of Gorgile The order of Antigonus Battell The courage of Philopomene is the cause of the Victory Philopomene The victory of Antigonus agâ—inst Clâ—omeâ—es Lacedemon taken by Antigonus Sparta or Lacedemon The Victory of Antigonus against the Sclauonians The Death of many great Princesâ— The Countries conquered by the Romanes Hiâ—ron The Warres which Antiâ—chous and Philip made Attalus Mount Taurus Eumenides Ariarate Morea The Conquest of the Romanes in 53. yeares Polybius hath beenâ— preâ—ent at a great part of the things which he hath written Demetrius lost his Râ—â—lme and life by conspiracy Thâ— desire and affection of the Authour vpon the end of his Booke The beginning of a worke and the cause 〈◊〉 The eauses of Alexanders Warre in Persia Agesilaus Phillip The cause of the Etoliens Warre against the Romans A good comparison Fabius The Warre of Hannibal continued 17. yeeres The first cause of the Warre betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians The fore sight of Amilcar Father to Hannibal Sardinia abandoned by the Carthaginians The second Cause The third Cause Antiochu san Enemy to the Romans Hannibal his speech to Antiochus Hanibal swears that when hee came to age he would be an enemy to the Romanes Asdrubal sonne in Law to Hannibal A good consideration and necessary for al Gouernours The causes of the Carthaginians hatred Neuer Commaunder did any thing worthily which was not pleasing to the Souldiers Carteia taken by assault Countries conquered by Hannibal The Toletains The riuer of Tagus Hanibals victory vppon the Barbarians An Army of a hundred thousand men An Embassie from the Romanes to Hannibal Hannibals answer to the Roman Embassadours Demetrius King of Sclauonia The scituation of Sagont The discretion of the head of an interprize Sagont forced by Hannibal Demetrius fortefied Dimale The arriuall of Emilius into Sclauonia The Towne of Sclauonia reduced to the Romane obedience The warlike pollicy or Emilius The victory of the Romans vpon the Sclauonians Demetrius a man of great courage and little iudgement The Towne of Phare razed Roman Embassadours sent to Carthage Hanno's answer to the Romane Embassadours The Temple of Iupiter Capitolinus The Romane tongue changed The first accord betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians I conceiue that this Promontory is that which they call the Promontory of Mercure in Affricke where as now the Citty Clipca stands The Promontory of Beauty The second Accord Other Articles past betwixt the Romanes the Carthaginians The third Accord The manner of Swearing of the Romanes Carthaginians in their treatiâ—s Phisinus a Historiographer Another accord made betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians Another accord Another accord made with Asdrubal The causes propounded by the Romans for the Warre The Sagontins Allied a long time with the Romances The opinion of Polybius in the diligence of a History Polybius hath made forty Bookes The Roman Embassadours signifie Warre vnto the Carthaginians The order which Hannibal gaue for the defence of Spaine The equipage of Warre as well for Sea as Laâ—d left in Spaine by Hannibal to Asdrubal his Brother The number of Hannibals Army in a Table of Copper seene by Polybius The Oration which Hannibal made to his Souldiers The number of Horse and Foot which were in Hannibals Army at his parting from Spaine The number of men which Hannibal
Philip. Alexander the great Philips wise and â—wâ—reâ— Complaints of diuers people against the Etoliens Warre concluded against the Etoliens The Amphictions Scope chosen Head of the Etoliens Phebidius Enuy the cause of great mischiefe The difference betwixt a priuate and publique iniury The commendation of the Acarnanians Answeres toâ— Embassadours The blame of the Epirotes The Messeniens alwayes friends to the Arcadiâ—ns and Enemies to the Lacedemonians Aristocrates Machate sent Embassadour from the Etoliens to the Lacedemonians Carixeneâ— Timee The murther of the Lacedemonian Gouernours by the young men A league made betweene the Lacedemonians and Etoliens The power of clemoncie in Princes Licurgus chosen King Marchate preuailes in his enterprize Townes taken in Argos by Licurgus Philips Army The scituation of Constantinople The circuit of the Pontique Sea Bosphorus Cimeriques Two causes why the black Sea and the Pontique run continually The Danowe The shelfes in the Sea King Darius The refuge of Europe The Country of the Oxe Chrysopolis The commodities of Constantinople by the Sea of Abydos and Sestes The continuall Warre of the Constantinopolitains with the Thracians Brennus Chiefe of the Gaules The Thracians vanquished by the Gaules An absolute defeate of the â—aules Empire A Tole imposed vpon those that failed into the Blacke Sea by Constantinople Mecatondore Olympiodore Prusias Attalus and Achens The meanes of Acheus raigne Acheus causeth himselfe to be called King Fanum taken by Prusias from the Constantinopolitains An Embassie sent by the Rhodiens to Ptolomy The Death of Thibete Canare King of the Gaules An accord betwixt the Constantinopotitans and the Rhodiens An accord made with Prusias Candy in a manner reduced all vnder the obedience of the Gnosiens and Gortiniens The Lyciens Towne razed and burnt Plator chiefe of the Sclauonians Mithridates The Rhodiens succour the Synopenses The Scituation of Synope Alexander Dorimache Egyrus Oeanthy The scituation of Egire Egire surprized by the Etoâ—â—ens An assault giuen by Dorimache to the Fort of Egire The Etoliens defeated by the Egirates Alexander slaine Dorimache smothered Micchus defeated The Castle of Mure taken by Euripides Athence taken by Licurgus The scituation â—f Ambracia Scope makes an incursion into Macâ—dony Ambracia taken by Philip. The Gulfe of Ambracia Poetia taken by Composition Fifteene hundred Etoliens defeated byâ— Philip. Metropolis taken and burnt An assembly of the â—rolient to keepe the passage of a Riuer Ithoria very strong Peania taken by assault Philip fortifios the Fort of the Eniâ—des The retreate of the Dardâ—â—iant without doing any thing Dorimache chosen Generall of the Etoliens The retreate of Euripides from Sâ—ymphallâ— The Mountaine of Apeâ—ure Thy flight of Euripides A defeate of the Etoliens Arate ioynes with Philip. The scituation of Psophis The Riuer of Erimanthe A sally of the Elienses vpon the Macedonians Psophâ— taken by assault A composition made betweene the Citizens of Psophis and Philip. Philip giues forces to the Acheins Lâ—ssion taken Straton Thalame Thalame yeelds Appelles Tutor to Philip. The malicious policy of Appelles The Nature of Philip. Succours sent to the Elienses by Dorimache The scituation of Triphalia and iâ—â— Townes The scituation of Alphira The Image of Minerua Philip assailes Alphira The Typaneatâ—s yee le vnto Philip. The Phialences yâ—eld to Philip. The 〈◊〉 of the Lâ—preates against the Etoiens 〈◊〉 yeelded to Philip. Townes which yeeld to Philip. Chylon The Lacedemonian Magistratâ— slaine by Câ—ylon The Lacedemonians were vnfortunate after they had left the Lawes of Licurgus Appelles persists in his enterprize Eperate chosen chiefe of the Acheins The Castle of Mur yeilded to Philip. The slander of Appelles The accusation of Appelles against Arate the Acheins The Answere of Arate Taurion dispossest of the gouernment of Morea The conditions of Courtiers Alexandeâ— Chamberlaine to King Antigâ—nus Eperate Chiefe of the Acheins and Dorimachâ— of the Etoliens Mony Corne deliuered to Philip by the Acheins The naâ—ure of the Macedonians The Conspiracy of Appelles and 〈◊〉 The forces which Philip left at Dyme The scituation of Cephalenâ—â—a Leonce Trayâ—our to Philip. Embassadours sent to Philip from the Messeniens and Acarnaniens The Riuer of Acheloe Methape taken by Philip. The order which Philip held to passe the streights of Therme Therme spoyled by the Macedonians The prudence of Antigonus towards the Lacedemonians The â—urtesie of Philip the father of Alexander to the Athenians Alexander the Great The blame of Philip. The Lawes of Warre The practise of a Tyrant The Duty of a King To vanquish an enemy by mildnesse The Etoliens charge Philips Rearward Paphia burriâ— Methape razed by Philip. The Etoliens made a sally out of Strate Megalee and Leonce doe outrage to Arate Megalee and Crinon condemned by the King in 12000. Crownes The condemnation of Magalee and Crinon Licurgus takes the Towne of Elea. Philip comes to Corinthe Menelaie Amycle The great diligence of Philip. The scituation of Amycle The Temple of Apollo The Port of Gythia The Castle of Olympes The Messeniens surprized by Licurgus Philip parts from Elia spoiling all as hee passeth The Riuer of Erota The â—light of the Lacedemonians Embassadours from Rhodes to Chios A mutiny against philip and his men Leonce and his Faction retired to Appelles The misery of Courtiers The flight of Megalee The taking of Leonce Appelles taken Prisoner Megalee kills himselfe The death of Appelles and his Sonne Philip sailes to Corinthe The flight of Licurgus into Etolia The Mountain Panachaique Old Arate made Chiefe of the Acheins The Auâ—houâ—s good intention An order required in all things Ptolomy King of Egypt The enterprize of Cleomenes vpon Ptolomy An Army neere vnto Ephesus Mega Beronice Archidamusâ—layne â—layne by Cleomenes Nicagorus 〈◊〉 seth Cleomenes Cleomenes taken Prisoner and put in Guard The bold enterprize of Cleomenes Ptolomyâ—layne â—layne by Cleomenes TheÌ„odote Antiochus Soâ— to Seleucus The Speech of Hermes against Epigene Antiochus marries Lâ—â—dicea Molâ—n goes to field with an Army The Scituation of Media Liban Antiliâ—ban The Towne of Brâ—chesâ— The Retreate of Molon Xenoete his Army defeated and spoyled A mutiny in Antiochus his Campe. The practise of Molon against â—pigene Antiochus puts his Army in Battaile The order of Molons battaile The death of Molon Molon Crusâ—câ—fled Antiochus goes against Artabazanes Antiochus hath a Soâ—ne Artabazaâ—es makes an accord with Antiochâ—â— Apolâ—phanes aduice to Antiochus Apolophanes aduiâ—â— to â—nâ—iochus Ptolomy the Bâ—nefactor The scituation of Seâ—euciâ— Antiochus corrupts the Captaines of Seleuoia Seleucia assaulted The Towne of Brocâ—es besieged Tyrus and ptâ—lâ—mais taken The policy of Agathocles and Sosibius An Army raised by Ptoâ—omy The distribution of Ptolomes Army to his Captaines An Embassie sent from Antiochus to Ptolomy Reasons of the warre propounded by Antiochus Thâ— answer of Ptolomes Embassadours to Antiochus A leuie of Armies by Antiochus and Ptolomy Embassâ—dours from the Arcadiâ—ns to Antiochus Antiochus his Army diuided into three A Combat at Sea and Land Diuers Townes taken by Antiocâ—us
the Romans in Italy Asdrubal brother to Hannibal slaine The Celts slaine sleeping The number of the dead An accord betwixt the Romans and the Etoliens Phylopemen makes Warre against Machanides Tyrant of Lacedemon The order of Philopomens Battaile The order of Machanides Army The safety of Monarches Machanides slaine Anaxidamus slaine Tegea taken The exellency of Hannibal Diuers Nations vnder the leading of Hannibal Asdrubal camps neere to Elinge Publius Scipio drawes his Army together Asdrubal chargeth the Romans A suddaine charge of the Romans against the Carthaginians The double policy of Scipio Scipio puts his men in battaile Asdrubal puts his men in Battaile A disorder by the Elephants A defect in the Text. A good Comparison The wisedome of Scipio Publius Scipio assembles his Army Three causes of the peoples mutiny against Princes The inconstancy of the people A punishment of the Mutines Scipio's Speech to his Army Scipio layes a baite for the Enemy The Spaniards put themselues in Battaile The order of Scipio's Battaile A defeate of the Spaniards The manner of the Lybians liuing The Iland of Cyruon not well knowne by Tymeus The manner of breeding Swine in Italy The City of the Locrines The Collony of the Locrines according vnto Aristotle A defect in the Text. Two kinds of vntruth Tymeus reprehensible Agathocles cruell A parcell corrupted Zaleucus the Law-giuer Cosmopole A seuere sentence A witâ—â—nswer of a Young man Of the Voyage of Alexander against Darius Galâ—sthenes The reprehension of Calisthenes An excuse of Alexander vpon Calisthenes The Warre like vnto a Disease The Acheins free from fraud Heraclides malicious The vices of Heraclides The force of truth Nabis Tyrant of the Lacedemonians Apege the Wife of Nabis Vtica besieged by Scipio Pedisca the wife of Syphax The Campe of Asdrubal of 30000. Foote and 3000. Horse The Campe of Syphax of 10000 Horse and 50000. Foote A custome of the Romans during their repast Massanissa Scipio drawes to the Enemies Campe. Lelius assailes Syphax his Campe by fire Scipio sets Asdrubals Campe on fire The flight of Asdrubal The Carthaginian Senate hoâ—â—â—â— Councell Scipio attends the Siege of Bysarthe 4000. Celtiberians come to succour the Carthaginians Scipio drawes towards the Enemy The order of Battaile of the Romans Army The order which Syphax and Asdrubal held The beginning of the Battaile The defeate of the Celtiberians Syphax retires in safety The adulec of the Romans The pursuit of the Romans after Syphax Diuers opinions of the Carthaginians concerning their Warre Tunie taken by Scipio Lucius Ser uinus Lucius Citinus and Lucius Fabius sent Emâ—â—ssadourâ— to Carthage A remonstrance of the Roman Embassadours to the Carthaginians A Conspiracy of the Carthaginians against the Roman Embassadors Hannibal sends to Tycheus Athia Lieutenant at Sea for Scipio The Carthaginian Embassadours stayed by Ethias The Carthaginians preâ—â—e Hannibal The Clemency of Scipio vnto Hannibals spies The comming of Massanissa to Scipio's Camp The enterview of Hannibal and Scipio Hannibals Speech to Scipio Scipio's answer to Hannibal Articles comprehended in the Accords past betwixt Scipio and the Carthaginians The order of Scipio's Battaile Scipio's Speech to his Army The order of Hannibal his Battaile The beginning of the Battaile by the Elephants The strength of the Battaile The great fury of the fight The victory of the Romans against the Carthaginians Hannibal flies to Adrumetum Hannibal vanquished by fortune A defect of the 〈◊〉 Zachantia spoiled by the Carthaginians The Articles of Accord propounded by Scipio to the Carthaginians Hanibal forceth a Citizen A good comparison Embassadours wronged by Philip. The Rhodiens declared Enemies to Philip. Danae a prisoner Moeragena saues himselfe naked Oenanthe sad A mutiny of the people Agâ—thoclea shewes her Papps vnto the Macedonians Phylon slaine Agathocles slaine Nicon and Agathoclea slaine The Egyptians cruell The cruelty of Virgins Agathocles and Denis Sicilians The saying of Scipio Two ends in Histories Attalus chargeth Philips Army at Sea The number of Philips ships and of his Enemies Democrates Captaine Generall to Philip sunkt Erythee a town in Asia The Pollicy of Attalus his Souldiers The losse of ships which Philip made The causes why Philip challenges the Victory to himselfe The death of Theophiliscus Prinasse besieged by Philip. The Gulfe of Neptune The City of Miletum built The Image of Diana Syphax King of the Masaisylins A man may be commended and blamed according to the diuersity of his Actions Of the profit of Abydos and Sestes A comparison of the streight of Abydos with that of Gibeltar The City of the Abydeins The Abydeins besieged by Philâ—p The course which the Abydeins take in despaire The prowesse of the Abydeins Marcus Emilius sâ—nt to Philip. The braue answere of Philip to Marcus Emilius The cruelty of the Abydeins to themselues The forme of Philopomenes Letters to the Cities A sally out of Pelene vpon the Acheins Philips Company The wise answere of Philip. The Articles which Dionisodorus demanded of Philip. Asesymbrotes demands for the Rhodiens The demands of the Acheins and Etoliens Alexander against Philip. Philips answer A strange Custome of the Etoliens Philip lands The Articles agreed on by Philip. Another assembly aâ— Thronye Philips cause sent to Rome Embassadours sent to Rome by Titus the Etolienâ— Acheins and Athenians Philips Embassadors reiected Warre declared against Philip. The Commendation of Titus The Grecians delicate of their Bodies A difference betwixt the Romans Stakes and the Grecians Titus plants his Campeneare to Pherees An encounter of the foretunneâ—s The Romans charged by the Macedonians The Nature of the Etoliens as well on force as Horsebacke Titus puts his Army in Battaile A Battaile betwixt the Romans and Philip of Macedony The signe which the Macedonians giue when they yeild The victory of the Romans Number of the dead on either side The Romans haue bin Vanquished by the pollicy of Hannibal Order of the Romans Armes For what cause the Romans Vanquish Philips retreate into Macedony Antiochus makes an assembly at Lysmachia Antiochus answere to the Romans Scope puâ— to death by poyson Altars set vp by Dicearâ—hus to cruelty and iniquiry
good comparison ibid. Antiochus an enemy vnto the Romans 108 Asdrabal son in Law to Hannibal 109 A good consideration and necessary for all Gouernours ibi Army of a hundred thousand men 110 An Embassie from the Romans vnto Hannibal 110 An other accord made betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians 118 An other accord ibid. An other accord made with Asdrubal ib. A diuision of Prouinces to the Consul 125 A surprize made by the Bulloâ—ians vpon the Romans 126 A defeate of the Numidians by the Roman Cauallery 129 Army of Hannibal decreased 137 A combate of the horse betwixt Hannibal and Scipio 141 Aâ— Embassie from the Bullonians to Hannibal 142 A plaine is sometimes an occasion of am ambush 144 Ambush layd by Hannibal for the Romans 145 A defeate of the Roman horsemen 146 Army leuied by the Romans both by Sea and Land 147 A defeat of some Romans by Asdrubal 148 Ambush laid by Hannibal 151 A defeate of the Roman horse-men by Maherbal 153 A Dictator created ibid. Asdrubals pâ—rting from Carthage to goe into Spaine 158 Army at Sea prepared suddainely by the Carthaginians 159 Acedux or Abilux ibid. Acedux conspires with the Romans 160 A combate betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians 163 A legion of fiue thousand men and the manner how the Romans raise an army 166 A skirmish betwixt the Carthaginians and Romans 168 A great amazement at Rome 170 Asdrubal 171 Acheus Antiochus 175 Ariston 176 An Embassie sent from Arate to the Etotoliens 180 A Fight betwixt the Acheins and the Etoliens 181 A defeate of the Acheins 181 Arate blamed by the Acheins 182 Aduice of the Acheins touching the warre against the Etoliens 182 Amity amongst the Lacedemonians 187 Ambassadours sent from Lacedemonia to Philip 188 Alexander the Great 188 Amphixions restor'd to their Lawes 189 Answeres to Embassadors 192 Aristocrates 193 A league made betweene the Lacedemonians and Etoliens 195 An absolute Defeate of the Gaules Empire 200 Attalus and Acheins 201 Achate caused himselfe to bee called King ibid. Accord betwixt the Constantinopolitaines and the Rhodiens 203 Accord made with Prusias ibid. Alexander 205 Assault giuen by Dorimache to the Fort of Egire 206 Alexander slaine 207 Athens taken by Lycurgus ibid. Ambrachia taken by Philip. 208 An assembly of the Etoliens to keepe the passage of a Riuer 209 Arate ioynes with Philip. 212 Appelles Tutour to Philip. 216 Appelles persists in his Enterprize 219 Accusation of Appelles against Arate and and the Acheins 221 Answere of Arate ibid. Alexander Chamberlaine to King Antigonus ibid. Alexander the Great 229 Amycle 233 A multitude against Philip and his men 237 Appelles taken Prisoner 239 An Army neare to Ephesus 242 Archidamus slaine by Cleomenes 243 Antrochus Sonne to Seleucus 245 Antiochus marries with Laodicea 246 Antiochus puts his Army in Battaile 252 Antiochus goes against Artabazanes 253 Antiochus hath a Sonne ibid. Artabazanes makes an accord with Antiochus ibid. Apoliphanes aduice to Antiochus 254 Antiochus corrupts the Captaines of Seleucia 256 An Army rassed by Ptolomy 258 Answere of Ptolomies Embassadors to Antiochus 259 Aduice of Armies by Antiochus and Ptolomy 260 Antiochus his army diuided into three 261 Army of Ptoloâ—y 266 Army of Antiochus ibid. Andrew the Kings Phisitian slaine 267 Antiochus send Embassadors vnto Ptolomy 270 Accord made betwixt Ptolomy and Antiochus ibid. Arate prepared for the Warre 272 Again and Cassander taken by Scardilade 273 Athenians abandon Ptolomy 279 Antiochus passeth Mount Tourus ibid. Aduice of Gouernment 282 A true Monarchy 283 A true Aristocracy ibid. A Democracy ibid. A Royalty 284 Aristocratia 286 Authority of the people 289 Athenians 304 All things subiect to corruption 311 Accord made betwixt the Carthaginians Macedonians and Grecians 313 Acheâ—s taken brought to Antiochus 328 Accord made by the youth of Tarentum with the Carthaginians 331 Appius besieged by Hannibal 337 A wâ—se consideration of Hannibal 338 Amazement of the Romans 339 Alexander ruinated Thebes 348 Antipatâ—r ibid. Antigonus 349 Alexander the Epirote 352 Asdrubal abandoned my many Spaniards 375 Aduice of Asdrubal for the War 376 Andobale speakes to Publius Sâ—ipio ibid Attalus against Philip by Sea 379 Aduertisement by fire ibi Aduice of Eâ—eas touching signes by fire 380 An other kind of aduertisement by fire inuented by Cleomenes and Demotrites 381 Asdrubal brother to Hannibal slaine 386 Accord betwixt the Romans and the Etoliens 388 Anaxidâ—mus slaine 393 Asdrubals Campe neere to Elinge 394 Asdrubal chargeth the Romans 395 Asdrubal puts his men in battaile 396 Agathocles cruelty 407 Achiens free from fraud 414 Apege the wife of Nabis 416 Aduice of the Romans 423 Articles comprehended in the accords past betwixt Scipio and Carthaginians 430 Articles of accord propounded by Scipio to the Carthaginians 435 Agathocles shewed her paps to the Macedonians 442 Agathocles slaine 443 Attalus chargeth Philips army at Sea 446 A man may be commended and blamed according to the diuersity of his actions 453 Abideins besieged by Philip. 454 A course which the Abydeins take in despaire 455 Alexander against Philip. 460 Antiochus answer to the Romans 477 B. Beginning of the History 5 Blame of Philin and Fabius Historiogra 9 Battle at Sea betwixt the Carthaginians Romans 16 Battle at Sea betwixt the Romans and Carthaginians 19 Battaile giuen by the Romans to the Carthaginians 24 Battaile won by the Carthaginians 58 Boloniens defeated by the Romans 71 Battaile of the footmen 76 Boloniens Country spoiled Boloniens yeild vnto the Romans 78 Beginning of the League 81 Bostar Chiefe of the Carthaginians 160 Bremius chiefe of the Gaules 200 Blame of Philip 238 Bold enterprize of Cleomenes 244 Bataile betwixt Ptolomy Antiochus 268 Beginning of gouernments 284 Blame of Nomarche and Philomale 351 Beginning of the fight for Carthage 362 Battaile betwixt Asdrubal and the Romans in Italy 385 Battaile by the Elephants 432 Braue answere of Philip to Marcus Emilius 456 C. Carthaginians loose the Battaile 13 Carthaginians army 350. saile 17 Complaint of the Souldiers 45 Courtesie of Romans to the Carthaginis 56 Causes of Alexanders war in Persia. 106 Cause of the first war betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians 108 Countries Conquered by Hannibal 110 Cruelty of Hannibal 153 Carthaginians defeated by the Romans vpon a Hill and then surprized 161 Course which Hannibal tooke in passing the streights kept by the Romans 162 Campe of Asdrubal of 30000. foote and 300. horse 418 Campe of Syphax of 10000. horse and 50000. foot ibid. Carthaginians Senate hold a Counsell 421 Conspiracy of the Carthaginians against the Roman Embassadour 426 Carthaginians presse Hannibal 428 Cruelty of Virgins 443 Causes why Philip challengeth the Victory to himselfe 450 Cruelty of the Abydeins to themselues 456 Courteous and wise answere of Philip. 459 Custome of the Etoliens very strange 461 Commendation of Tytus 465 Defeate of Hieron by Apius Defeate of the Carthaginians by Apius 8 Dissention betwixt Amilcar Hanno 55 Death of Amilcar 59 Death