where they were set off the Towne Councell that were knowne to be Papists and Protestants were placed So that the fourteenth of Aprill his Majesty entred the Towne going first unto the Church called St. Annes Church and there in presence of his Majesty of Bohemia Palsgrave Augustus and Duke William of Wymar Duke Hannes of Howlsten Markgrave Christopher Fontarlach and Bawden and other Potentats and Ambassadours did heare a Sermon and praised God for the victory obtained against their enemies The Text being taken out of the twelfth Psalme and fifth verse For the oppression of the needy and for the sighes of the poore I will now up saith the LORD and will set at liberty him whom the wicked had snared After Sermon his Majesty went to the market place where some Swedens Regiments were brought and where the Burgers were also injoyned to come to present their service unto his Majesty and a table being set openly and covered a present was sent to his Majesty from the new set Protestant Councell of Corne Fish and Wine and the next day being the fifteenth of Aprill his Majesty with the whole Army was ready to march unto Bavaria The twenty ninth Observation GENERALL Tillie being neere unto his end behooved to make a march unto Bambricke to shew the Swedens by his retreat the right passe unto Bavaria with his owne death Wherin we have a notable example of an old expert Generall who being seventy two yeeres of age was ready to die in defence of his Religion and Country and in defence of those whom he served being then Generall for the Catholique League which end of his should encourage all brave Cavaliers following the laudable profession of Armes to follow his example in life and death as valorous Souldiers where we see that though death be fatall unto all yet such a death as happened unto this old Generall is only proper unto the valiant who though often contemned death and eschewed death during the warfare yet at last he is overtaken by Gods Almighty hand and power though formerly in his life-time he had escaped by the same providence many dangers And sometimes we see in the very entrance of warres some suddenly taken away to teach us alwayes to trust more unto God then unto the arme of man which is but a vaine strength Likewise though this worthy Generall did fight often and obtained many notable victories till this time against Kings yet at last he is overcome by a King and a more skilfull Generall then he was and though before the battaile of Leipsigh he did give no higher title to his Majesty then to a Cavalier Neverthelesse his Majesty hearing of his death called him Honourable old Tilly whose Acts were so Heroicke in his life time that after his death they were his everlasting monuments making his memory eternall suffering his name never to roâ—with the time And my wish were I might prove as valiant in advancing Christs Kingdome though I should die in the quarrell as he was forward in hindering of it my death then should not be bitter unto my friends I leaving an immortall name behinde me Also here we see the great force of Artillery either in forcing of passes against our enemies or in maintaining of passes with a little advantage of ground for seventy two peeces of Ordinance with such continuance were of mighty force to make passage to an Army for this victory was obtained by the force of our Cannon alone which made the enemy runne away before we could come at them to fight and the discouragment given unto them by the losse of their Leaders caused their disorder and consequently safety to us in our passage Where we see that as victorie is from God so the helpe judgment and dexterity of good Commanders is furthersome to the victory as the lawfull meanes ordained by God Moreover we see here how easie it is for a victorious Armie that is once master of the Field to take in Frontier Garrisons while as they are possessed instantly with a Panicke feare especially being taken at the Stot or rebound before they have time to disgest their feare But had Generall Tilly drawne up his Army out of reach of his Majesties Cannon and resolved to suffer his Majesty to have set over his Army the passe being so narrow that â—carce three men could march in Front Tillies advantage had bin the greater to receive them as they came who might have cut them off by divisions which had bin more to his credit yet we see as the Prophet saies Excâ—pt the LORD watch the watch-man watcheth in vaine And we see God would have these people punished for their former cruelties and therefore he tooke away their judgment and confounded their Counsell making them erre till they ranne to their owne ruine As his Majesties Iudgment in command was great so his Example was good and commendable in giving God thankes in his Church for his victories and for the preservation of his life from danger wherein his Majesty chiefely shewed the example of his Piety and religious exercise for he knew well that Religion and Iustice were the fundaments of all good society and being much inclined unto both he would winne the people by his owne example since of all men it becomes Kings and Princes worst to be irreligious and ungodly for on earth we have nothing more worthy than Religion to be respected and honoured it being unto Heaven our guide on earth the fountaine of our Iustice whereby we governe our affaires well or ill expelling and putting away unjustice or unrighteousnesse for where there is most Religion or piety there also is most happinesse and without her no Crowne can be established and as his Majesty was religious himselfe so he maintained good lawes and good discipline grounded on religion and holinesse of life which made the happy events and fortunate end of his warlike expeditions to follow Blessed therefore shall they be who follow his Majesties example in this as in all other his warlike enterprizes for I dare affirme on my conscience never man served this Master truly whom his Majesty our Master did serve with his heart without a reward The thirtieth Duty discharged of our expedition toward Engolstat THE sixteenth of Aprill his Majesty did breake up with the Army from Ausburg taking his march towards Engolstat of intention to start the Duke of Bavier from thence having left so many of our Army behinde us as tooke in Launceberg Mindelhaim Fussen Showngow and divers other parts in Schwabland by accord where Generall Major Ruthven then Governour of Vlme had brought with his Forces that were also behinde us all the Papists Townes that were betwixt Vlme and Lindaw under his Majesty of Swedens contribution and most part of Schwabland also for which service his Majesty gifted unto him under his hand and seale the Graveshaft or Earldome of Kirkberg lying next adjacent to the City of Vlme which belonged to the Fuckers of Ausburg that
of Armes and Novices durst not be so bould as to intrude themselves in this honourable profession in any degree to take command on them without long practise and experience as was requisite to undergo a charge in so high a calling and of such importance as to leade others Neverthelesse the ground worke or foundation of Military discipline once well laid then they were suffered to advance by degrees unto high charges proposing recompence and reward unto those that did merite and to that effect they invented severall sorts of Crownes for the reward of their travells and wisdome Amongst others the Crowne called Obsidionall was ordained for those that entred first the besieged places being of the most esteeme of all crownes which was made of the Roote of the Herbes or graine that had taken Roote within the place besieged also those that first scaled the walls were wont to get a crowne of the Herbe Woodbinde or Parietaria Pellitory growing on the walls and those that first èntred the enemies Ports by force had also a crowne given unto them And the crowne Castean was ordained for him that first entred the enemies Trenches and brake the Palesades making way to enter unto the enemies Leager Also a crowne was given unto those of the Navall Armie that first entred the Enemies Gallies or ships on Sea this Crowne was made of gold representing the Combat and the Generall a foote being victorious had given him a crowne made of Hats and Miters and triumphing in a chariot he carried a Hat made of Lawrell At last these crownes were made of Gold laid over with pretious stones They had also given them for recompence of their travels Chaines and Bracelets all to the end they might accustome themselves to vertue and to the discipline and toyle of warres Who then would not desire to be of this society to get a crowne for well doing On the contrary Cowards Poultrons and Effeminate persons were disdained degraded and put off charge while the valiant were honoured advanced and recompenced as the Turke doth practise to this day to the disgrace of Christians neglecting discipline till they are overthrowne It should then be the duety of brave Generalls to make choice of brave and vertuous Commanders not asking of whom they come but where and how long have they practised to be vertuous Then we see here what was the custome of the Ancient Romans in choosing the vertuous that had past their prentiship and not Novices to be Commanders for we see that the love of the Publique brings honour pleasure and profit to the vertuous who thinke on it sincerely But those that would raise their fortunes by the ruine of others shall never prosper The reason of our coming to this passe of Owldenburgh was to have stayed there in safety from our enemies till we might joyne with our friends but the Enemy prevented us in coming betwixt us and our friends then there was no remedy but to hold him up at the passe till our Army might joyne with us and of this intention we resolved for best to maintaine the passe as we did till Ammunition grew scant and then we were forced to retire to our ships This King is powerfull by Sea and is mightily well furnished of all things necessary for warâ—es of Armes Artillery Ammunition victualls money and what else is requisit to set forwards a warre and which is more a noble and a liberall Master as ever I did serve Here also I observe the slownesse of our Generall that did not patronize the passe some few dayes before the Enemies coming that it might have beene fortified for it was no time for us to fortifie the passe in the night when the enemie came before us and the next day we were not suffered to worke being otherwise imployed Another oversight was that our Generall did not know certainly how we were provided of Ammunition for though we had Lead in abundance we wanted Bullets in the time of need Whereupon the Generall was accused after our comming into Denmarke and the blame was found in the Commissary that had the charge of the Artillery Et jure for they were all Rogues and deceived his Majestie that trusted them too much Neverthelesse I cannot excuse the Generall of being ignorant of the provisions ordained for the Armie seeing he was certaine of the enemies comming for it is most sure if we had been provided of Ball we were sufficiently bastant to have kept the passe against our Enemy since it came not in the Enemies power till we had left it voluntarily in the night The enemy also retiring from us hearing the Rhinegraves forces were coming behinde him of intention to joyne with us I observed also that the Generall was too slow in the encouragement of his Officers and Souldiers having delayed his exhorâ—ation to the very time of our going on service And it is easie at such time to Prognosticate by the countenance going on service how thâ—y are affected But never men went on service with more chearfull countenances than this Regiment did going as it were to welcome death knowing it to be the passage unto life especially fighting in a good Cause against the enemies of the Daughter of our King the Queene of Bohemia for whose sake our Magnificke and Royall Master did undertake the warres and for her sake we resolved to have followed such a couragious Leader as the Earth this day affords none stouter as mine eyes did witnesse divers times And for her sake I perswade my selfe our noble Colonell did ingage his estate and adventured his person to have â—on her sacred Majesty good service I did also observe this day that the best way to eschew danger is not â—o perceive it for a man well resolved perceives no danger neither doth any thing seeme difficult unto him that may import his credit And the best Commanders in my opinion as they are in measure remisse not seeming prodigall of their lives though resolutely adventurous and for me I love a man that is modestly valiant that stirres not till he must needs for he that is conscious of his inward courage is confident to shew it to the world when he will but a man prodigall of life oft-times indangers himselfe and others for though he have courage to lead them on he lacks wit and discretion to bring them off in case of eminent danger And at such times as I condemne him that runnes away first I cannot allow of him that out of ostentation will stay after all his Camerades are gone till he yeeld himselfe prisoner or die unnecessarily there where he might have preserved himselfe with honour for a better occasion I have also observed that a base fellow hath been killed running away when a valiant Souldier stood to it and came off with credit I did also remarke the invincible courage and resolution of that worthy Gentleman Lievtenant Rosse who having lost his legge wished for a woodden or Treen legge lying on the
we did this day rejoyces in the calme when it comes and he is said to merit the Crowne that hath fought valiantly It is also very necessary that at such service as this was if we have time that we be carefull to bring off our Camerades bodies killed on service that died honourably before their enemies to be laid in the bed of honour in burying their bodies as becomes Christians We are also tied in duety to our Camerades that were with us in danger if either they be wounded or mutilated to care for their safeties so far as lieth in our power And we must not preferre the safety of our owne bodies to the publique weale of our Camerades and countrimen dead or living but we ought with the hazard of our owne lives to bring off the dead and hurt An example of this duety we have in the person of the President of Chassangue treating of the Iewes law that did command that the bodies of their dead enemies should not lie unburied Caesar caused to be buried the head of his enemy Pompey and wept at his death as Valerius Maximus reports in his fift booke and sixt Chapter Hercules is thought to have bin the first that ordained to bury the bodies of those killed on service and David calls them blessed that were so thankefull as to have buried Saul Indas Macchabie did cause to bury the bodies of the enemy killed in battaile and Alexander restored unto the mother of Darius the dead bodie of her sonne Hanniball did burie the body of his enemy Marcellus as Valerius affirmes It is also expedient for the common-weale that the bodies of the dead be buried and Leonard Darez reports that Cyrus Alexander and Caesar did recommend their funeralls to their friends as Lievetenant Rosse did his to his Captaine and me which we performed in the best manner we could for the time If Pagans had such regard to their burialls Christians should be more carefull whose bodies sometimes were the receptacles of the holy Spirit and of the immortall soule created to Gods owne Image Here also I would report the commandement that we reade in the second chapter verse 23. of the fourth booke of Esdras Where thou findest the dead put them in the grave with a certaine marke and I will give thee the first seate in my resurrection and the wise Ancients said men should looke unto the end My exhortation then is to all my worthy countrimen and women that were interessed in our losses in this dayes service to consider that when these gentlemen and Cavaliers were borne that they were marked and ordained to die honourably fighting in the good cause and for the liberty of our Kings daughter the Queene of Bohemia and her distressed Royall Issue under the magnanimous King of Denmarke our Master who for her Majesties libertie did hazard not onely his life but his crowne let them then that are interessed as said is in this our losse consider againe that they died with great honour and reputation seeing they live eternally in their fame having laid downe their lives as servants of the publique if not for their country yet at least as cannot be denied for the liberty of their Kings Royall Issue It then became them well to have died standing Therefore those mothers friends or Sisters are to be condemned that mourne for them that live after their death in their fame and though their griefe be great let them shed no teares for feare it become of them as became of that Ancient woman called Vicia mother to Futius Geminus who was killed at Rome for having wept at the death of her sonne that had lost his life in the publique service as reporteth Tacitus in his 6 booke of his Annals and our Saviour in the Evangelist Saint Luke doth forbid the widdow to weepe for her sonne that was dead and St. Paul writing to the Thessalonians saith Brethren I would not have you ignorant of the estate of those that are asleepe to the end you do not over-mourne as those do that are without hope Therefore let us forbeare all teares for those departed and if we should mourne let us mourne with teares even those most pretious teares for sinne these are the Christian teares that should be shed from our hearts to reconcile us unto God those teares are as the bloud of the soule hurt and wounded with the sense and feeling of our sinnes before God these are the teares that drawe Gods mercy upon us as David cried unto God in the 36 Psalme Thou hast counted my wanderings and put my teares in thy bottle are they not in thy Register Therefore though we be grieved at the losse of our friends and at the losse of the day Yet ô God make us thankfull unto thee for our deliverance that we may rejoyce at our owne safety The seventh Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Owldenburg unto Assens in Denmarke by Sea HAving thus past the day at Owldenburg the night the friend of Cowards coming on what we durst not have done by day being favoured by the mooneshine when all were wearied with hot service and toyle in the day begun to take rest and refreshment by their fires in the Leager all Guards relieved and centries set out being all of us after a great storme in a quiet calme we begin to take our retreat to the water our Generall being full of feare and suspition goes before and our Colonell also we follow having the avant-Guard according to our Orders for going a ship-board which orders were willingly obeyed perceiving the danger was to follow and in consideration that long before the Lievetenant Colonell Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey and Captaine Forbesse being hurt had retired for their safeties towards the Isle of Feamor and from thence to Denmark to be cured I supplying the place of the Major our Regiment orderly retiring from the enemy Captaine Mac-Kenyee and my brother Obstell who before were companions in the day of danger in the night did march together leading off the Regiment to be secured and I bringing up the Reare accompanied with some other Officers we had no doubt of our safe retreate the whole army being behind us made us halte the oftner taking paines to bring up our hurt and sicke men we marched but softly Py a Pyano at last by ten a clocke of the night we arrived on the shore and drew up in battell attending the Colonells command for shipping who had gone himselfe unto the Roade amongst the ships to provide shipping but could get no obedience the feare was so great amongst the marriners having heard the roaring and thundring of cannon and muskets in the day feare so possest them all that they lacked hands to worke and hearts to obey and the Colonell coming a shore without bringing of ships to receive us we made use of the time our Camerades the horsemen having come before us who ever begin confusion were without orders forcing ships to take in their horses and
the sword making no difference of qualitie age nor sex but all alike cruelly put to death so that five or six at most escaped whereof Ensigne Lumsdell miraculously was one The Enemy before this house was taken as I was informed lost above a thousand men which made the Enemies crueltie the greater and of our Regiment were killed above three hundred And it is reported that after the fury was past they made inquisition for the Majors body and having found it they ript up his breast tooke out his heart sundered his gummes and stucke his heart into his mouth they also killed the Preacher who being on his knees begging life was denied mercy The ninth Observation HAppie is he who opens the fruitfull earth and croppes her plentie from her fertill bosome tasting the harmony of peace singing away his labours all day having no note drowned with noise of Drumme nor Cannon but sleepes with peace at night not over-awde by the Tyrants of the earth leading the Rancks of bloud and death as these cruell murderers did at this time by their monstrous and prodigious massacre breaking the peace of God swimming in Christian bloud without mercy to Officer Souldier or Preacher heaping up wrath on their own soules against the day of their appearance before that great Iudge that shall judge both the quicke and the dead Out of our enemies crueltie used here we ought to learne to forbeare the like lest one day we might be used as they used our friends and Country-men for we may be revenged on our enemies crueltie repaying them in a Christian manner without making Beasts of ourselves in not shewing mercy being sought of us which is to be more cruell than Lyons who will not stirre those who stoope unto them And there is no greater token of injustice than to doe that unto another that we would not have done unto our selves And would'st thou have mercy that refusest to shew mercy being sought of thee No truely it is just with God that he misse mercy that refuseth mercy unto others and to have courage without mercy is to bragge of vertue and lacke the right use of it Was there greater perfidie in the world than was used here at the in-taking of this house willingly to harme the dead and the innocent For to wrong an innocent Preacher was savage beseeming a beast not a man and to give a stabbe as was done here for the innocent smile of an Infant was devillish blacke at the heart We reade in the Turkish Story of a childe that strucke an intending murtherer into a swound with offering to embrace him Would to God all those that refuse mercy were so stricken dead to terrifie such tyrants as they were And I perswade my selfe none but villanous persons being Commanders ever suffered the like to have beene done without moderation but I hope haughtie and violent minds will never blesse the owners but that by Domineering they shall fall like Dust. This worthy Cavalier of famous memory after his death thus unchristianly used let no man judge by his end that he in his life time used any man but generously for I dare affirme though sometimes he was subject unto passion it continued not long he being of a good sweet and milde nature and very kinde and constant where he professed friendship and as devout in the profession of his Religion professed in Scotland as became a good Christian being sincere And commonly his custome was leading Troopes on service till he came in Action he went before them bare-headed praying for a blessing to his actions as he hath told me himselfe having asked a reason for this his manner of carriage he scorned in all his Onsets to have been any thing but a Leader alwayes teaching by the strongest authoritie his owne forwardnesse by his owne example And as his humour scorned to be so bâ—se as to flatter so he did hate to be so currish as to bite But he was ever indued with inviolable Amitie joyned with invaluable love and as he was couragious so he was constant in the one withstanding his enemies in the other entertaining his friend In a word he was a resolute Christian and a man truely honest and therefore I perswade my selfe his death was but the beginning of his joy and the end of his misery having therefore written nothing amisse of him I neede desire no pardon But I know some men will object as a blame in him that he refused a Parlé while as there was no appearance either of reliefe or holding out to which I cannot otherwise answer than he answered himselfe to some of the Officers that were most inward with him which was that he was sorry the charge of the bloud of so many soules did lie on his shoulders But if he should give over that house he was perswaded the King his Master would cause to hang him seeing he had enemies about his Majestie who would make him die though innocent Therefore he resolved to die honourablie rather than his name should be brought in question and then to suffer at last Here also we see a poore Minister in his last Act giving good example not terrified with the horror of death nor crueltie of his enemies but on his knees being denied of mercy from man begs mercy of God dying as a Martyr persecuted unto Death A happie death to him being resolved with God and his Conscience to die innocently like a valiant Souldier of Christ incouraging others even in the last Act of his Calling A happie man dying in sinceritie time shall not out-live his worth he lives truely after death whose pious Actions are his pillars of remembrance for though his flesh moulder to drosse in the grave yet his happinesse is in a perpetuall growth no day but addes some graines to his heape of glory The tenth Duety discharged of our March unto Lowland leaving three Companies in Fune MY Colonell and his Officers being parted for Scotland to bring over a Recrew I being left to command the Regiment In November I received orders from his Majesty to leave three Companies in Funland and to march my selfe with the other foure Companies and the Regiment staffe unto Lowland the reason of our march was the Emperialists having by shipping crossed the Belt and taken the Isle of Feamor under their contribution Lowland the Queene Mothers dowry being next unto it and without souldiers his Majesty was afraid the enemy out of Feamor might set over with shipping destroy the land and retire againe seeing there was no fortified City within Lowland though it was the Fertilest soyle within Denmark to prevent this inconvenience I was ordained to march thither and to quarter the Companies in the most convenient parts of the land and to remaine there during his Majesties will having onely charge to watch where our Garrisons lay and the Boores were ordained to watch night and day alongst the coast at such places where the enemy might land This march though short
marched from the Coast of Pomerne out of Rougenvalde through Dutchland unto the foot of the Alpes in Schawbland This City of Rougenvalde in Pomerne lyes midway betwixt Dantsicke and Stâ—tine bâ—ing alike disâ—ant twenty Dutch mile from both and is a pleasant â—eâ—tâ— being one of the Duke of Pomerne his chiefe Residence not distant above one English mile from the Sea it doth abound in Corne Fruit and store Cattell Horses of good breed Fishponds and Pâ—rkes for Deere and pastorage whereof it hath enough where we were nâ—bly entertained and kindly wâ—lcommed of the inhabitants especially of the Câ—ptaine and his civill Bed-fellow to whom under God we were beholden for our safeties the Remembrance whereof we ate bound never to forget Here I did remarke as wonderfull that in the very moment when our ship did breake on ground there was a Sergeants Wife a shipboard who without the hâ—lpe of any women was delivered of a Boy which all thâ— time of the tempest she carefully did preserve and being come ashore the next day she marched neere foure English mile with that in her Armes which was in her Belly the night before and was Christened the next Sunday after Sermon being the day of our thankesgiving for our Deliverance our Preacher Mr. Murdow Mac-kenyee a worthy and Religious yong man having discharged his part that day after with much regrate did sever from us and followed my Lord of Rhee our Colonell unto Britaine Being thus escaped from danger of sea and from our enemies I did keepe the Soldiers ever exercised in watching in working in parties against our enemies lest that resting from Hostile employment they should become seditious immodest and turbulent and to this effect when they were not employed in parties against the enemies I sent them by parties in the Country on Militarie execution to bring the possessors under Contribution to his Majesty making them hate and renounce the Emperialists whom formerly they were forced to obey so that by this meanes the Country was brought into subjectiâ—n to the King and my Soldiers were put under as good discipline and command as any served his Majesty which discipline made their contiâ—uâ—â—ce the longer in the service where it was rare to finde one Regiment in an Aâ—mie that did change so many Officers as they did in foure yeâ—res as the Observations on their duties will cleare to the world in despight of their Envâ—ers whatsoâ—ver But I hope no worthy spirit or Heroicke minde will thinkâ— an evill thought of the vertuous We mâ—y see here that in the greatest extremities both Officers and Soldiers have greatest need of Courage and Resolution For nothing should seeme hard to daring men that are of courage which never doth beget but the opinion and censure of vertue For we see at this time that to dare was the beginning of victory being better to hazard to save our selves and others then to be the instrument to lose us all by flying as some of our Officers advised me at our landing to march backe to Dantsicke which if we had the enemy getting intelligence he could with ease overtake us and cut us all off as he did some yeeres before cut off in the same Country three Regiments of Dutch who were going to serve his Majesty against the Pole Here also I found by experience that the stedfast and invincible vigour of the minde rising against crosses doth helpe much especially where necessity reqâ—ireth such resolution For being in the greatest extremity of danger resolving with God I thought as my safest course to bide Gods leysure I sate on the Gallerie of the ship being assured it would be the last part that would remaine together of the whole and being so neere land I was never dejected and cast downe nor did I doubt of our safe landing seeing we had victuals and were in hope the storme would not continue being in the middest of August Here we may see by this Christian advertisement that no part of our life is exempted or freed from griefe or sorrow But on the contrary we are exposed to all kinde of miseries and troubles so that we see that children doe sucke with the milke of their Nurses certaine beginnings of the evill to come our misery growing as doth our age and we see it true for the godly they sigh and groane under the burthen of their adversities having no comfort they can enjoy but out of the written word of God a fruit whereof the wicked hath no part Therefore they sayd well who said that Philosophicall precepts were not so powerfull to heale the wounds of the soule as are those of the word of God Men of our profession ought ever to be well prepared having death ever before their Eyes they ought to be the more familiar with God that they might be ever ready to embrace it not caring a rush for it when it came doing good while they may For now we flourish in an instant we wither like Grasse now we stand presently we fall our life carrying with it when we received it the seed of death and that which did begin our life doth open the doore to it to goe away For in our birth our end did hang at our beginning and according to the custome of that worthy Emperour our actions should be ever before our eyes as if presently we were to appeare in Iudgment before the Eternall our God and that cry should never depart out of our eares cryed unto Philip King of Macedon Philippe memento mori Philip remember thou must die For man shall never behave himselfe as he ought in this World except at all times he have death before his eyes thinking on the houre and moment of his departure alwayes contemning the Exteriour things of this World giving himselfe unto the inward cogitations that doe profit the soule and the life thereof rejoycing beyond all things in the Tâ—stimony of a good Conscience The second Dutie discharged of our march from Rougenvalde to Colberg and from thence to Shivel-beane and of our service there SIr Iohn Hepburne being sent with his Regiment from Spruce to relieve us I was ordained with my Folks to march before Colberge where Generall Major Kniphowsen did command in the Blockering thereof which I did and being come there a Poaste was assigned for us to watch at In the meane time the Generall Major getting intelligence that the enemies Army lying at Gartts and Griffinhawgen on the Oder had intention to relieve Colberge and so being in his march he must needs passe by the Towne and Castle of Shevelbeane in the Marke being a passe distant but five miles from Colberge he thought expedient to Recognosce the place by sending of Colonell Hepburne thither with a Troope of Horsemen for his guard and convoy who having seene the place advised Kniphowsen to beset it with a Garrison being of consequence to hold up the Enemy if he should march thereon with the Army whereupon I was made choise of
him die contracted such griefe for his death that she threw herselfe into the grave with her husband where she died and lay with him This wish I hope cannot be taken in ill part by the vertuous Ladies that are like Cornelia but I feare there is none such at all To conclude then this point of my observation in my judgment no women are more faithfull more chast more loving more obedient nor more devout then Souldiers wives as daily experience doth witnesse and none have more reason to be so then some of them whose husbands doe daily undergoe all dangers of body for their sakes not fearing death it selfe to â—elieve and keepe them from dangers To th' end you may see that the noble parts and vertues before mentioned are not proper alone unto the Feminine sex I will here inferre some notable examples of the good will love and faithfullnesse of husbands to their wives especially Souldiers whereof amongst many for the present I will to content the Reader mention two or three that are notable whereof one happened at this time in our warfare worthy to be recorded of that noble valorous pious and worthy Cavalier the Felt-marshall Gustave Horne the Peste having entred his lodging and taken away two of his Children seazed on his vertuous Lady daughter to the Chancellor of Sweden the Cavaliers love was so great that in the extremity of her sicknesse he never suffered her to be out of his armes till she died and then caused her to be put in a Silver Coffin that she might be transported for her country to be buried amongst her friends and his love was so great unto her that after her death though a young man he could never be moved to leade his life with any other woman Another example we reade in the story written by Pliâ—ie Valerius Maximus that is very notable to this purpose Sempronius Gracchus finding two serpents coming out of his bed enquired of Theologues what might that accident presage they answered that if he killed the she serpent his wife should die and if he killed the he serpent he should die himselfe he loved his wife Cornelia so dearely that he commanded to kill the he serpent and shortly after he himselfe died Also that which we reade of Meleager sonne to Danneus is notable who would not rise out of his chaire for the reliefe of the Towne he was in for his father mother brethren or sisters all crying and calling for his helpe who nothing cared for their ruine but how soone Cleopatra his wife came to him desiring his helpe and telling him the enemy was alreadie entred the Towne and was setting the houses on fire this stony-hearted man who before could be moved by nothing at the desire of his wife went to Armes against the enemy and repulsing them backe saved the Towne from wracke and ruine and the Citizens from death for this Meleager as all honest men ought to doe esteemed his wife and himselfe but one so that he could deny her nothing Here it may be some will alleage he was Iohn Thomsons man I answer it was all one if shee was good for all stories esteeme them happie that can live together man and wife without contention strife or jarres and so doe I. And in my opinion no wife can be ill that wants the gall for the gall in the body is the seate of choler from which the love of man and wife should be free and as of gall so of despite of anger and of bitternesse The eight Dutie discharged of our March to Francford on the Oder and the intaking of it the third of Aprill 1631. THE twenty-fourth of March 1631. his Majestie having disposed of his Armie in putting them in good Order of Briggaddes horse and foote through he severall occasions and accidents happening in warre his Majestie before his march finding the enemy lay strong in the Silesian and at Lansberg lest he might fall downe unto Pomeren and Marke to disturbe the new forces that were expected to come from Spruce and from Scotland his Majestie directed Feltmarshall Horne with a part of his Horse that crost the bridge at Swede unto Pomeren and the Wart to collect the forces there for to be fured and led towards the Wart and Lansberg to give the enemy somewhat to thinke on while as his Majestie might march with the rest of the Armie consisting then of ten thousand foote and horse towards Francford where under the command of the Feltmarshall Tuffenback and the Grave Fon-Schonberg Governour of Francford on the Oder there were drawne together of the Emperialists neere nine thousand foote and horse Generall Tilly with this maine Armie then lying at Rapin after his returne from Brandenburg with two and twentie thousand foote and horse his Majestie then not being sure neither of his brother in law the Duke of Brandenburg nor yet of the Duke of Saxon though the League was ended with the King of France his Majesties affaires thus standing doubtfull we marched towards Francford with a resolution to prie into the enemies designes more than any wayes resolved for a beleaguering having such strong enemies and Armies about us without assurance of our pretended friends and confederates yet having continued our march till within a mile of Francford our enemies retiring out of all quarters were come into one body at Francford who having joyned we did heare the enemy was almost as strong within as we were without and he having of us the advantage of the Towne behinde him for his retreate we expected no other thing than that the enemy should come out and offer us Battell Wherefore his Majestie himselfe discharging the dutie of a Generall Major as became him well having sought the ayd and assistance of Sir Iohn Hepburne beginneth to put the Armie horse foote and Artillery in order of Battell the commanded Musketiers as his forlorne hope advanced before the Army having placed plottons of them by fifties to march with his squadrons of horse all being in even front the signe given for advancing Trumpets sounding Drummes beating Colours displayed advanced and flying every Commander directed and appointed on his Command and Station the magnifick and Royall King leads on this Royall Army marching in battell order for halfe a mile as comely as one body could doe with one pace and one measure advancing stopping moving and standing alike till at last coming neere the Towne and finding no Hostile Ranconter made by the enemy we hault standing a while in Battell and then resolved being the enemy durst not meet us in the fields we would presse on the sudden to be Masters of Francford or not at all knowing of the neerenesse of our enemies and of the great strength they had together and seeing we were not sure of the Princes we resolved the taking of time was the best for us and incontinent his Majestie commanded out the most part of his Cavalerie to make a Carracolle behinde us betwixt us and
Discourse having wondered at their carriage that had such externall showes with so few inward giftes of the minde The night thus past the day peeping every one that missed a loving friend or a Camerade went neere to the ground on which they sundered making diligent search to finde them either dead or alive sundries of both were found the dead were put under ground being honourably buried like souldiers that had given their lives for the weale of the publique the wounded were convoyed unto Dorpes where Chirurgians were appointed to attend their cure By nine of the Clocke the Armie was drawne up in Battaile where the difference was great betwixt our show then and the sight of the day before His Majestie having overviewed the Armie he tooke the most part of the Horsemen with him and commanded to march towards Leipsigh with the rest of the Armie to be rested there till further Orders and His Majestie with the Horsemen advanced after the enemie prosecuting the victorie in taking Order with those they had left behind for making their Retreate sure whereof there were left at Leipsigh three thousand men whom His Majestie in his by-going gave Orders to pursue and advanced to a Castle called Morshberg where there were a great many of the enemie who rendred themselves and tooke service Our March continuing to Leipsigh at our comming there we found a well provided Leaguer for our hungrie stomackes of all sort of good victuals where about the Leaguer there were feeding Kine Sheepe Calves Geese Hennes they left also Corne in abundance and flower in readinesse which was the more acceptable being found at hand without travelling for it and to avoide strife and disorder before we entered the Leaguer it was divided proportionally amongst the Regiments as we would part quarters where no man was suffered to take any thing out of an others quarter but it behoved him to be content with his lot whither good or bad so that being quartered they were happie to their meate having come as they say to a peeld egge where we laie two nights refreshing our selves till our bagage was come after us from Diâ—en during which time the Saxons were comming together their feare being past at Leipsigh where Felt Marshall Harnam was appointed with the Dukes forces to take in both the Towne and Castle which immediatly were given over on accord The seventeenth Observation HEre we found the Proverbe verified that they never had an evill day who got a merry night after and the long expectation of this our happinesse made our joye the more welcome for wee helped with great labour toyle and travell to have brought this dayes worke to a good end we rejoyced that the labour and danger being vanished the good of it remained with us and though our Commons were but short our mirth was never the lesse for we ought not to care how laborious or painefull our actions are if the fruite be honest and good for though the paines be first tedious yet betime they will yeeld content What matter is it then of our toyle and travell or what care should we take of trouble or danger so our joyes may be enlarged Iob was not so miserable in his affliction as he was happy in his patience Which should teach all men of our Profession to beare their disturbances and troubles patiently that in end they may come to their wished for credit and honour For he is not worthy the sweete that cannot suffer the sower neither is he worthy to be made participant of such mirth as we enjoyed this night that ranne away in time of danger Here also we see that it is the dutie of the longest livers to see to the honour and credit of their dead friends in taking care of their burialls as the last dutie as also to shew their compassion to their hurt Camerades alive who perhaps received their wounds in rescuing of others whose skinnes were kept sound though theirs torne Here also we see that death is fatall unto all both to feeble and couragious but a glorious death is onely proper unto the valiant who oftest doth eschew death when the fearefull perisheth in an instant and therefore it is that the valiant man doth choose rather to die honourabâ—y than to live in ignominy as the feeble doth but these died here valiantly the brightnesse of their Actions done in their life time remaines firme in the minds of men unto all ages And to their posterities in writing never suffering their memories to rotte with the time whose burialls though meane on this place of Battaile yet they are commemorations of their vertuous lives to posteritie whose killing was no punishment say the world what they list but rather the beginning of their glory And therefore how ever a man dies he dies well that dies in Christ ending his dayes with honour At this dayes service I was rich in friends that helped to the obtaining of this victory with credit but soone after we found the fruits of mortalitie death having seased more on our kindred than on any other Family of our Nation that were employed in this warre and the unthankfulnesse of those we served hath beene such that those who suffered most were least rewarded as we may justly say having lost our Master and King who did see our actions and had rewarded them had he lived And though I will not vaunt neither of my friends nor of our travells none can blame me to say as the Puppie said wee Dogges kill'd the Hare since we were with the rest at Leipsigh the center of Germanie which was and is and shall be â—edes Belli till the cause be wonne and those we fought for be restored and then I would bee content to lay up my sworde and live a retired life serving God and the Publique at home as we did abroade The eighteenth Duty discharged of the intaking of Hall and of the Castle and of our March from Leipsigh to Hall HIS Majesty having left Felt-marshall Harnam with the Dukes forces to accord with Leipsigh and the Castle the eleventh of September we continued our march towards Hall and coming at the appointed Randezvouz we halted in the fields where we were to quarter over night his Majesty accompanied with a great and honourable traine of Cavaliers lighted from his horse on the head of our Briggad the Officers whereof coming together about his Majesty in a Ring his Majesty made a speech in commendation of the Briggad thanking them for their good service and exhorting them for the continuance thereof promising as he was a Royall King he would not forget to reward them and turning him towards the supreme Officers they in all humility did kisse his Majesties hand in confirmation of their loyalty in time to come the whole inferiour Officers and Souldiers cried aloud they hoped to doe his Majesty better service then ever they had done His Majesty taking horse againe with his Royall traine he directed Generall Bannier to goe and
to relieve them driven backe and almost so scattered that they were ruined and the seven Cannon which formerly they had wonne were taken from them againe In the meane time the Swedens small Cannon that were planted before the Briggads being righted on the enemies Cannon at the winde-mill whereon also Duke Barnards Cannon which were before his Briggad played on the enemies Cannon towards the wind-mill doing great hurt to the enemie so that they were forced to retire their Cannon a little behinde the Millars house in this meane time his Majestie with some squadrons of horse charged the enemie that was thrice stronger than they charging with their right wing his left wing falling on them with such furie that their Reare-guard or reserve were astonished being so furious that they went through their enemies putting them to the flight But especially his Majestie himselfe having charged too farre with foure Cornets in the midd'st of the enemies troopes being deadly wonded gave up the Ghost fighting for God and for the defence of the true Religion he departed valiantly and happily for him in Christ our Saviour Neverthelesse two great bodies of Crabbats of the enemies left wing stood firme and falling on the right wing of the Swedens horsemen with such a crie and furie advanced so farre that they were Masters of the Swedens Amunition waggons bringing also some of the Swedens horsemen in disorder whereupon incontinent did fall on three squadrons of the Swedens horsemen under whom Lievetenant Colonell Rolingen was one that did second the rest bravely who was shot in the Arme. Neverthelesse the Crabbats were beaten backe againe with losse during which time Duke Barnard of Wymar was not idle with the left wing of the Swedens horsemen but with the commanded musketiers being of Leslies Regiment and with the small Cannon charged the enemies right wing making them retire on their Cannon by the wind-mill and Gallowes and after long fighting they were made at last to give ground quitting to the Swedens fourteene peeces of great Ordinance As the Duke of Wymar did charge the enemie their Amunition waggons tooke fire which did indammage the enemie much but thereafter Papenhaim comming from Hall with a fresh supplie unloâ—ked for the service was begunne againe more sharpe and violent than before which continued for a while very vehement he having recollected the scattered Troopes the Order whereof can scarce bee well set downe by reason it was so neere night before Papenhaims comming yet the service continued hot and cruell so long as he lived till it was past eight a Clocke at night that in end Papenhaim being kill'd the Emperialists losing courage through the assistance of God and the manly and valiant courage of Duke Barnard of Wymar the victorie was come on the Swedens side the enemie having quit the field and burnt off his Leaguer with his whole Baggage and three peeces of Cannon which he could not get carryed away with him hee tooke his retreate againe on Leipsigh There were killed of the Emperialists the Abbot of Fulda the Grave Fon Papenhaim Colonell Lane Colonell Vestrum Lievetenant Colonell Lordâ— Livetenant Colonell Taphim Lievetenant Colonell Camerhooffe Coloneâ—â— Sâ—ves with many other inferiour Officers and Souldiers On the Swedens side were lost with his Majestie Generall Major Isler Colonell Gerstâ—rfâ— Generall Major Grave Neeles a Sweden Colonell Vildesten and divers more were hurt and of our Nation was hurt with the Cannon and musket twice Captaine Henry Lindesey brother to Bainshow who for a time did lie almost dead in the field divers Officers of Colonell Lodowicke Leslie his Regiment were also hurt having behaved themselves well being for the most part old expert Officers and old beaten blades of Souldiers In this Battaile as was thought were killed nine thousand men besides those were hurt whereof many thereafter dyed of their woundes such as on the Emperours side Grave Berhertbold Fon Walestine Colonell Comargo Colonell Browner the old Colonell Viltzleben and others On the Swedens side also dyed of his wounds after the Battaile Generall Major Grave Neeles After his Majesties death there was great and extraordinary griefe and sorrow over the whole Armie yet they never suffered the same to be seene outwardly but prosecuted still the enemie more vehemently and more cruelly than before For the Duke of Wymar and the rest of the Cavalieres of the Armie understanding the great misfortune of his Majestie death resolved all alike it was better to dye on the place with his Majestie than to retire one foote of ground which resolution was the cause that in the end they did crowne the lamentable death of the Kings Majestie with a stately and heroicall Victorie so that his Majestie in the highest degree of glorie may be imagined before any King or Emperour to have dyed and his life doth eternize alike both his prayse and glorie being victorious before death in his death and after death The Duke of Fridland Walestine after the losing of this Battaile retired with his scattered Armie towards Leipsigh and having had no time to continue there he was forced to take his retreate further unto the Hill's of Bohemia and thereafter Leipsigh was freed from the enemies forces by the Duke of Lunenburg and the Saxons that were comming with succours unto his Majestie before the Battaile whose march was too slow their succours being come but after the stroaks were given The Castle of Leipsigh called Plassenburg having holden out long was taken againe together with which all other partes in Saxon that the Emperialists had taken were freed againe by the Swedens the second time as Camnits Fryburg c. For which service the Swedens were evill recompensed by the ungratefull Saxon whose unthankfulnesse to the Crowne of Sweden will never be forgotten In all this time the Swedens Felt-Marshall Gustavus Horne did prosper very fortunately in Alsas not onely in taking in the strong and fast Episcopall Strength Bennâ—nfeld in spight of the Emperialists who had pressed to relieve it all Maiesty to fall But we may say with Salomon in the twenty-eight of the Proverbs and twenty-one verse It was for the sinnes of the Land and our sinnes that he was taken from amongst us and from those poore Cavaliers that did follow him for his Maiesties love and the love of the cause He was shot with three Bullets dead with the last for our sinnes and the sinnes of the Land And what he did before his death for the liberty of Dutch-land and freedome of the Gospell none but knowes it he left his owne Kingdome to bring strangers to freedome in theirs he set light by his owne life for Dutch-land that they might keepe theirs he waked and cared day and night for them as a father for his children that at last he might bring peace for them to sleepe sound he brought the keyes and opened their Church doores that were closed up by the Antichristian Idolaters that the Devills doctrine was banished againe out of the
knowledge of God his heavenly mysteries Speake therefore O Lord for thy servant heareth since without mans helpe thou canst instruct and though man teach the letter thy Spirit openeth the meaning they shew the way and thou givest strength to walke man deales outwardly but it is thou that enlightnest the minde Paul plants Thou givest the increase speake therefore O Lord againe which art the ever-living truth to the comfort of our soules to the amendment of our lives and to the advancement of thine everlasting Glory XII When thou seest thy Camerade trusting and leaning unto his own strength and not depending upon God that gives victory then thinke with thy selfe that it is thy dutie not to thinke with thine owne wings to flie unto heaven but with Gods feathers for it is not in the power of man to dispose his affaires at his owne pleasure But it is God that giveth victorie and comforteth whom he will and when he will and what he willeth must be for of our selves we are full of infirmities except the favour of God shine upon us and then are we strong enough to overcome all our enemies by his power that leads us preserving us from dangers and delivering us from infinit evils for he is our Salvation our Strength and our Shield in the day of Battaile XIII When thou seest againe thy Camerade like a valiant Souldier going forwards in well-doing not fearing any thing to winne credit then thinke with thy selfe that it is thy dutie to strive to goe forwards notwithstanding the wickednesse of thy minde though Sathan should presse to hinder thee in the course of idlenesse and to withdraw thee from all religious dutie and exercise and from thy godly remembrance of Christs paines and wounds and from thy care of salvation and from thy Christian resolution to goe forwards in well-doing making thee abhorre prayer and the reading and hearing of the Word incorruptible beleeve him not and care not for him but turning his snares on his owne pate say unto him avoide Sathan thou uncleane spirit blush thou cursed wretch avoide I say thou wouldest carry me from my God but thou shalt not Iesus will assist me and thou shalt get but a shamefull foyle I had rather die than consent unto thee Therefore be quiet and hold thy peace for I will not heare though thou shouldest trouble me never so much The Lord is my light and my salvation whom should I feare the Lord is the strength of my life of whom should I be afraid the Lord protecting me and delivering me Therefore as a good Souldier strive couragiously but beware of pride and arrogancie which hath led many unto errour and almost unto uncurable blindnesse Therefore pray unto God that their fall may make thee wise XIV When thou seest thy Camerades impatient and given to pleasure and delectation unwilling to beare their crosses then thinke with thy selfe that it is thy dutie as the Souldier of Iesus Christ to walke in his wayes without wearying and to beare thy crosse and miserie patiently For Christ suffered and so entered into his glorie Therefore if thou wilt be a Souldier of his thou must needs walke in this Kingly high way not quitting thy Ranke for feare or for persecution but must resolve to suffer adversitie for the more the flesh is troubled and weakned by calamitie the more the Spirit is confirmed by the comfort of the minde and he that is stedfast in the faith needs not feare the malice of the Devill XV. When thou seest thy Camerade loose in behaviour not fearing God neglecting his dutie to his Commanders carelesse of life and unprepared for death then thinke with thy selfe that thy dutie is to prepare thy selfe by unfained repentance thinking more often of death than of long life call to minde Gods judgements and the paines of Hell let thy behaviour be so as if thou wert presently to die so cleering thy conscience thou canst not greatly feare death being found such as thou wouldest appeare having lamented and truely repented thee of thy sinnes thou shalt winne the Field and mortalitie being swallowed up of life thou shalt live for ever XVI When thou seest thy Camerade raâ—â— headie or obstinate in his owne opinion or yet readie to beleeve every man his words and suddenly rehearsing what hath been told him then thinke with thy selfe that as a Souldier of Christ it is thy dutie to be wise and setled in thy opinion not wavering with every winde of doctrine but constant in the true faith thou professest that though thou frequentest and seest men of divers Religions thou maiest ever prove constant in the truth thou professest for the Souldiers of Christ as they are constant so they must be fervent and godly zealous XVII When thou seest thy Camerade arrogant thinking himselfe better than his fellowes then thinke with thy selfe that it is thy dutie to be humble familiar and sociable rather silent than babling not hastie arrogant as he lest God should condemne thee utterly thou must not suffer thy selfe to be drawne away with vanitie stirring with indignation against any but be meeke and wise watch and pray and spend not thy time in idlenesse but depend on God let thy conversation be honest living soberly and righteously in his fight not judging others blinded with private affection giving partiall sentence XVIII When thou seest thy Camerade loving the world better than God oppressing the poore as a Citizen of Babylon and not as a Souldier of Christ thinke then with thy selfe that he having made the wrong choice thy best is to have the true love and feare of God in doing no body wrong but contented with thy wages strive to be made a Citizen of Ierusalem and a Souldier of Christ indeavour to be holy and unblameable before him in love and charitie the vertues belonging to the Christian Souldier that as thou bearest the name thou be not found voide of the vertues belonging to those that fight Christs Battailes viz. love courage respect and obedience for he that loves any thing better than those vertues is not worthy the name of a Souldier And he that loveth Christ doth not walke in darknesse but hath the light of life caring more for a good life then for a long hunting after righteousnesse that all other things may be cast unto him XIX When thou seest thy Camerade not faithfull unto his Master and with love unfained not advertising him of all he knowes prejudiciall unto him then thinke with thy selfe that thou as a Souldier of Christ oughtst to be faithfull with love unfained towards thy Master fighting to death for him till thou overcomest vice and conquerest thy selfe of all Combats the best that thou maiest be esteemed of as the valiant Souldier of Christ that as thou art vertuous so thou maiest grow famous in glory having abandoned thy selfe and thy owne will to doe the will of God Lord make us doe this then are we sure to be honourable in thy sight XX.
not onely of one side but of both for in defence of this Skonce being so oft stormed that ever praise-worthy Captaine Learmond Brother to my Lord Balcomy being twice shot with a musket received deaths wound and after died at Hamburgh in perfect memory discharging his duety Christianly to God as he did during his life time both to God and man For his sake and in remembrance of his worth and valour the whole Officers of the Regiment did weare a black mourning Ribben in this conflict also was killed his Lievtenant called David Martin an old stout and expert Officer many other valourous fellows that were there carried the true markes of their valour imprinted in their bodies for their Countries credit There was also a Scottish Gentleman under the enemy who coÌ„ming to scale the walls said aloud Have with you Gentlemen thinke not now you are on the streets of Edenburgh bravading One of his owne Country-men thrusting him through the body with a Pike he ended there This Skonce so well maintained by our Country-men is to their prayse recorded at length in the Dutch Story of the Danes warres where the curious Reader may learne more of it The enemy finding this opportunitie to faile at another passe above this on the Elve watched by Dutch surprising the watch did come over the Elve the newes comming to his Majestie he presently sends Orders in the night to Major Dumbarre who commanded the Skonce to retire and to bring off his Cannon and to cut off the bridge and then to come by water with his troups to Lâ—venburgh and to beset the Castle thereof with two Companies and to retire with the rest to Lukstad which accordingly was done to their great credit Major Wilson being set with two Companies on the Castle of Loven the enemy falling downe Generall Tillie leading the Armie comming before the Castle doth summon it to render the Major refusing he is besieged the enemies Batteries having playd a little on the Castle the Major parlees for accord before the parle Generall Tillie is shot through the thigh pledges delivered the accord agreed on he should march out with bag and baggage Drummes beating Bale an Bouche with a Convoy granted to them to Lukstad the Accord subscribed but neither circumspectly nor wisely by the Major at his out-comming his Colours are taken from him having forgot to insert them in his Accord he complaining of the breach is bidden reade it and finding it was so was forced to march without Colours to Lukstad where for his over-sight he was set from charge with disgrace and the Company restored againe to the right Owner Captaine Duncan Forbesse and incontinent Major Dumbarre with foure Companies was commanded to beset Statholder Ransove his Castle of Bredenberg in Holsten the enemy having already falne into the Land Which discourse I must now leave and prosecute the continuance of our march towards Rapine After this service the renowne spread so abroad where ever we came that the Gentrie of the Country were ready meeting us providing all necessaries for us The Duke of Wymar the Dukes of Meclinburgh with a number of gallant Ladies did visit us in our March to congratulate with us the good fortune and good service done by our Camerades But if we should looke to the outside of Souldiers these foure Companies were the meanest of our Regiment to the outward appearance Our March continues to Rapine where we were to receive further orders of Generall Major Slamersdorffe our orders were to draw up in Battaile before the Towne of Rapine where the Generall Major would come and see us his intention being to bring the Towne under Contribution otherwise to fright them with inquartring of the Regiment his intention effectuated we were led in quarters or Dorpes for three dayes to rest us seeing our intentions were to march unto Silesia The fourth Observation IN this observation though the dutie be suddenly discharged wee have much to amplifie the observation first by reason of the dispute that did arise betwixt his Majestie and the Colonell for offering to Cashiere some of his Officers for alleaged insufficiency by the information of some malignant Spirits amongst our selves whose names I will suppresse and the reasons also letting some other tongue not mine divulge their shame At this time also before our rising to this expedition we were discontented of the division made of our Regiment being absolutely divided by his Majesties authoritie without the consent of our Colonell who would have been loath to have left Captaine Learmond behinde that had done him so many notable good offices and this noble Gentleman of famous memory at his leave-taking of his Colonell my brother and me being then his intirest Camerades with teares revealed unto us whom he thought was the plotter of his stay and withall did with griefe in a manner foretell his owne fall alleaging we should never meet againe Therefore for the love I bare to my deare Cammerade I will point at the heart of those who had a hand in the separation 〈◊〉 the Regiment I must therefore crave pardon a little to expresse my dutie for the losse of this noble and vertuous Cavalier whose heart and eyes were ever fixed upon vertue and upon his love to his deare friends He hates nor but with cause that is unwilling to hate at all And it is the end that shewes the difference betwixt vertue and vice Fie then upon those judgements that for their owne aymes hatch the Ruine of their Camerades in foâ—e-thinking and pursuing evill And as the discharge of my last dutie was Tragicall the reasons of it I will set downe obscurely pointing at some that every man may examine his own conscience that had any hand in plotting or hatching by villanous policie bred of envie the ruine of their Camerades the reward whereof doth still awaite them with shame in a killing ambush when the Lord of Hosts will bring to light the hidden plots of the malicious man Here I could make some to blush that I know plotted the fall of their Camerades But I will be dumbe doing by them as Ioseph thought to have done by Mary in seeking to cover blemishes with secrecie lest I should wound some so with my penne as to make them by their Camerades to be push't out of Company But I will rather shew my charitie to the delinquent by concealing of his fault and tell him of it in secret than openly to divulge his mischiefe seeing I wish his amendment before the world should know his amisse I will not therefore be too harsh or virulent hoping for his penitency wishing God may enlighten his conscience that while he hath time he may crave pardon for his hatched evill Being sorry for the losse of these two worthy Cavaliers of famous memory Learmond and Dumbarre for whose sakes with griefe I have pointed thus obscurely at the forger of these Cavaliers fall whose name I will suppresse though my heart knows him well and hoping
was tedious being in the middest of winter the wayes deepe and foule being fat clay ground the best and fertillest part in Denmark and the march was the more troublesome that we were forced in the winter â—ime to crosse the Seas over the Belt twice Marching through Langland having quartered there a night there happened an odious complaint to be made on a souldier called Mac-Myer of Monro his Company for forcing the Boores daughter where he quartered The Boore complaines to the Commissary and the Commissary to me to satisfie justice we called a Councell of warres having our Auditor with us of the Regiment Officers the businesse exactly examined according to his Majesties Articles the souldier was condemned to die and to be shot at a post to terrifie others by his example from the like hainous sinne The souldier getting time for that night to prepare himselfe for death the minister instructing him of his duety the next morning the companies drawen to Armes a Guard was directed to see the execution the souldier couragiously and Christianly resolved being tied to a post was shot dead by his camerades who without any delay executed the command laid on them by the malefactor whose Corpes was presently buried The next day having shipt we crost over unto Lowland where according to his Majesties orders we were well quartered and courteously received The Colonells company and Sr. Patrick Mac-Geys with the staffe were quartered with me in Marbo Captaine Mac-kenyee his company were quartered in Rubee and Captaine Monro his company in Necoppine where the Queene mother did remaine The tenth Observation HEre I did observe that wisdome and vertue were the best Guards of safety the one securing the soule the other the estate and body For this magnanimous and wise King by his fore-sight and wisdome did prevent the evill by a timely fore-sight which his enemies might have brought upon this Isle of Lowland being the richest part within the Kingdome for corne a Magazin and a Garner for forraine countries It abounds also in all sorts of fishes the Ponds belong to the Gentry making great commodity of their fish being sold in the Cities and country that are not Licentiat to have the like of their owne The Gentry of this land are much given to policy and oeconomy following the example of their King having great stalles and stables containing above foure hundred Oxen and their stables some threescore horses being well fed and made lusty they are sold to the Germaines which yeerely brings unto the gentility great store of money this Iland abounds in Deere and wilde soule This country is also plentifull of wood for building of ships where his Majesty every yeare hath some builded by his owne master builder a worthy gentleman begotten of Scots Ancesters called Mr. Sinclaire who speakes the Scottish tongue and is very courteous to all his countrimen which come thither The Citizens also of this Iland being very rich build ships for their owne use and some they sell unto strangers My hoste the Burgomaster of Marbo sometime furnish'd his Majesty for building of his ships to a reckoning of one hundred thousand Rex Dolors so that in a word in this little I le of Lowland I did observe vertue to be habituall in it and so was the peoples goodnesse distributive unto us and our souldiers so that during our residence there we were so welcome that all things smil'd upon us where it was my fortune one night to have gotten his Majesty to be my Ghuest having then my quarter in the Burgomasters house and though he was a King I perswade my selfe he was contented with his entertainment being both good and rare whereof truely I had a good deale but my Ghuest departed by three of the clocke in the morning without bidding me farewell yet being his Majesties will I was well pleased having sate up all night I was not for attendance in the morning which his Majesty at his departure gratiously did excuse To returne then to my observation I did see and learne here the truth of that proverbe in his Majesties person that the wise man only is the cunningst fencer no man can give a blow so soone or ward and keepe himselfe so safely as the wise man and nothing is to be placed above him but God the King of Kings and giver of wisdome To live is common to be wise and good particular and granted to a few many I see with for honour for wealth for friends for fame for pleasure I desire but those two vertue and wisdome which both I saw in this Magnanimous King and in his country people following his Majesties example We find no a mâ—â— that the world ever had so plentifull in all things as was Solomon yet his request was but one of these two though indeed it include â—â—â—he other for without vertue wisdome is not or if it be it undoes us at last and to returne to my observation in my judgement it may be said of this Magnanimous King as was said of Caesar Semi-Deus est for as he is valiant so he is learned Ex utroque Rex being valiant and wise a Prince of an excellent spirit capable of all good things as I have seene and observed in him he is learned in the liberall sciences and understands well the Mathematicks and the practise of fortifications as a souldier studied in the Lawes joyning Armes with Iustice two great helpes for the governement of a Princely dignity he handles well his Armes and is expert in riding of horses a strong man for wrestling as all Europâ— affords able for â—o give strokes and the levellest shooter with a peece that ever I did see for with a pistoll he never misses a dogge in the head he shoots at for experience in warfare nothing inferiour to the greatest Captaines we reade of easie to come to and very affable patient to beare with heate cold hunger and most durable in travell and if I were to wish for the personage of a man mine eyes did never see his like for a stately majesticke person whom ever I will greatly respect and love for the good received and shall be ever ready to serve him against all his enemies my Gracious Soveraigne onely excepted and his deerest Sisters Royall Issue to whom I have vowed my best service Here also in this Kingdome I did observe that there is nothing mooves subjects more to obedience then the opinion they conceive of their Princes care and diligence in the conservation of his Kingdome and subjects and experience teacheth us that the obedience due to Kings by their subjects is weake if it be not grounded on feare and respective revâ—rence As authority is gotten by honourable and convenient carriage so oftimes we see it is lost by evill carriage So that all greatnesse destitute of vertue doth vanish in an instant and therefore the Poets did say that honour and reverence were the children begotten of Majestie and authority the example wherof we
honourable Accord for in such a case I would choose before I came in my enemies Reverence without Armes rather to fight to the last man and if I chanced to be the last I had rather die being resolved with resolution having Armes in my hands than unawares being unprepared to be knockt downe miserably when I looked not for Death Here I did see the Ingenier that built this Fort who in time of working did oftentimes beate the Boores to make them worke for his crueltie he was most cruelly beaten againe and he running to his Majesties feete for refuge thinking thereby to escape was on his knees crying for mercy so hard pursued by the multitude that before his Majestie he was cruelly beaten dead as the reward of his former tyranny and so would God Here also we see that oftentimes the Innocent doth suffer with the Guiltie as hapned to that worthy Cavalier the Count of Mongomrie being cruelly beaten by the rascall multitude which should teach all Cavaliers bearing charge at such times to looke unto themselves in attending their Master or Generall on horse backe when an overcome enemy is marching out of strength or Towne or otherwise they ought to be on the head of their charge attending their duety or if for pleasure they would looke on they ought to be on their Guard lest being taken for private men they might be disgraced receiving a Disaster as this Cavalier did Happy therefore are those who can eschew evill by the example of others Here also we see that the best meanes to suppresse the insolency of the tumultuous multitude is a band of well commanded souldiers with Armes who are ever good servants but more often cruell Masters It is then the duety of a Generall in such cases peremptorily to see that his accord be kept which otherwise being broken causeth much evill and mischiefe to follow His Majesty as he was diligent in the intaking of this Iland so we see him carefull of the keeping of it as his conquest by leaving a Governor with a Garrison in it to be his retreate in case of neede out of Holsten We reade that Guishcardin in his history of the warres of Italy in his first booke accuses under hand the French that did enlarge their territories by Armes and did not maintaine and keepe their conquests but on the contrary did ruine themselves in the end The Emperour Augustus having read the great conquest of Alexander in the East he did wonder that Alexander did not take care to keepe them as he travelled to winne them It is said of Pyrrhus King of Albany that where he once set his foote he was conquerour there But was ever unfortunate in keeping his conquest and therefore the King Antigonus compared him to a gamester at dice that lost his owne in hope of gaine Examples we have of this at home without warres Leonard Darrez in his 3. booke of the warrs of Italy against the Gothes Totilas King of the Gothes being made Conqueror of Rome in his Harrangue made to his army concluded that it was harder to keepe a country conquer'd then to winne it for in conquering oftimes as here the cowardize of the enemies helpes more then our owne valor to maintaine our conquest we had neede of valour and justice That custome of the Turkes is commendable that when he enters into his Chappell the bed man of the Temple going before him cries out aloud that he remember that the Empire attained unto by Armes and justice is to be maintained with the like so mutiny is and should be holden detestable amongst Souldiers and in all well governed estates For the use therefore of my fellow Camarades and for the benefit of my country I will speake somewhat at large of the fury cruelty and barbarity of the multitude mutinous and superstitious that we may avoid the evill incident thereto I will set downe here my collections on this point which occurred in my observation The Philosopher Plato called the wisest and most honourable amongst the Grecians sayes the people are ungratefull cruell barbarous envious impudent being composed of a Masse of fooles naughty deboist and desperate for all that is spoken by the wise displeases the people that are incensed And Baleus writing the lives of the Popes writes of Pope Iohn the twenty third being asked what thing was farthest from truth he answered it was the vulgar opinion for all things they praise merite blame what they thinke is but vanity what they say is but lies they condemne the good and approve the evill and magnifie but infamy And Nicholas Haâ—ap Patriarch of Ierusalem in his booke of the unconstancy of the people hath a whole chapter apart to this purpose and Arrianus in his first booke praiseth much the wisdome of Alexander the great in taking away from the people of Ephesus the meanes to mutine against the chiefe men of the Towne for some of the mutiners being executed Alexander forbids to search or punish the rest knowing that if once the popular could loose the raine there was nothing to follow but mischiefe where the innocent might suffer as well as the guilty as witnesse here the Count of Mongomry that ranne the hazard of death being long bedred after his beating without sense or feeling And Thucydide did in his third booke speaking of those of the Isle of Corsu did feele the evill of a sturdy popular having licence to doe evill how much it was to be doubted in so much that the Massacre being so cruell that there was no villany left unpractised and such strange things he writes of that the Fathers did suffocate their owne children and those that were runne to the Churches for refuge were cruelly put to death who pleases may reade the story where it is set downe more at large As also to reade the late Massacres in France from the yeare 1560 to this present time especially the Massacre of the twenty fourth of August 1572 in the chiefest Cities of the Kingdome continuing without respect of age or of sex as well against the dead as the quicke as saith Lactance in his sixt booke and second chapter humanity was so farre gone from men that to take away the life of their neighbours was but sport being become beasts drunke with custome of bloud not sparing the innocent but doing to all what the hangman doth to malefactors Therefore Quintus Curtius saith properly that the deepe Sea in a tempest hath not more waves then the tumultuous multitude hath changes especially getting liberty by a new government And Titus Livius in his fourth booke of the third Decad saith so is the nature of the people to serve as slaves or strike like Tyrants Reade also Thomas Fasell in his tenth booke of the second Decad of the history of Sicilie a memorable example of sedition moved in Palerne of Sicilie where Iohn Squarelazop was cheife leader amply described in brave termes he having seene the Tragedy himselfe where he complaines
by his Majestie in all haste to ship three Companies and to goe with them for the reliefe of Trailesound I being appointed to stay for the other Companies comming they being come to Alshenure were shipped also and arriving at Copemanhagen it behoved me in all haste to ship and follow the Lievetenant Colonell for reliefe of Trailesound being hard beleager'd where I entred the twenty-eight of May and was no sooner drawne up in the Market place but presently we were sent to watch at Franckendore to relieve the other Division that had watched three dayes and three nights together uncome off that being the weakest part of the whole Towne and the onely poste pursued by the enemy which our Lievetenant Colonell made choice of being the most dangerous for his Countries credit where we watched fortie eight houres together till we were relieved againe by the other Division and so Singulis noctibus per vices during six weekes time that my cloathes came never off except it had beene to change a suite or linnings The fifteenth Observation THis Towne of Trailesound being hard beleager'd by the Emperialists they desired humbly the protection and assistance of his Majestie of Denmarke which was willingly granted unto them having accorded on their Conditions his Majestie made choice of our Regiment to be sent thither having had sufficient proofe of our former service in his Majesties presence and under command of others his Majesties Generalls So that before others we were trusted on this occasion where we did come with a timely reliefe to those Burgers that were wearied and toyled with watching and also hurt by their enemies whom they had beaten from their walles twice before our coming In this accident which hapned in Zeland betwixt the Boores and our Souldiers we may see the Antipathy that is betwixt Souldiers and Boores where the one cannot with patience indure the sight of the other without some present jarre so that it were impossible to make them agree together if Military Discipline were not strictly observed and the transgressours exemplarily punished Here also I cannot omit the over-sight committed by those Belly-gods the CoÌ„missaries that serve the publique State worst yet are oft-times best recompenced whose neglect on this March was the cause of shedding the innocent bloud of the poore Labourers and of the Souldiers also and it was pittie such a King should entertaine so many of this sort of belly-gods that studied nothing so much as to fill their own Coffers and to raise their houses without any care had of the Publique Weale Here also I cannot allow of that vaine custome amongst the Officers that will make a bad choice for a little ostentive credit having the good in their election to make choice of the worst for in occasions against our enemies we should rather take all advantages as of strength of ground of Sunne and winde and shall he not be thought yet unwiser who may be the Instrument to save his people on service that willingly will make choice of a place to lose them No menagrie in my opinion comparable to that which spares the lives of men from losing and I perswade my selfe I need not insist in this reprehension seeing the actor though out of time was sorrowfull enough for his evill choice Here also I did observe that frequent danger doth encourage the feeblest Souldier who by daily dangers and the familiaritie made with death in stepping every day over the bodies of dead men who perhaps never before had seene one die naturally much lesse to see daily and hourely examples of violent death learning wit by by-past losses and experience had in the exercise of our Calling being hardned with toyle and travell Therefore in my judgement no man is more worthy of the name of a Souldier than he that indures best wearisome toyle and travell in this honourable Calling not withdrawing the shoulder but by pushing it forwards couragiously having once begun for though in all affaires of this kinde the beginnings seeme hard and difficult yet soone after we finde it lighter according to the measure of our advancement and reward in the end we enjoy still the greater contentment as became of me the first time my friends led me up a steepe hill when my breath begun to faile me looking behinde and seeing what way I had put by the rest to the top of the hill seemed nothing unto me being so neare the end of my travell but was pleasant rather than tedious And therefore we use to say He that beginneth well hath halfe ended At our entry in this Towne our travell and toyle once begun continued night and day for six weekes till we grew hard with travell yet not hard as many of the Dutch that are hard against the Musket Bullet this proofe we lacked He that shews himselfe honest in his calling and Travells the Travell passeth the honestie remaineth But on the contrary when we have taken delight in evill the delight passeth and the evill remaineth Happie therefore are those who travell in well-doing for when the paines are gone then doe they enjoy the pleasure We reade of Cincinnatus brought from the plough to the Senate to be made Consull for his Travell the like we reade of Quintus taken from his plough to be Consull also a great change No wonder then to take a man from the plough to be a Souldier as the Porter of Fowles called Mac-Weattiche who in this Towne of Trailesound did prove as valiant as a sword fearing nothiâ—g but discredit and the down-looke or frowne of his Officers lest he should offend them The sixteenth Dutie discharged of our Watches and Accidents that occurred in this Towne before the Enemy did storme our Workes THE twenty-eight of May 1628 not without danger both by water and from laâ—d we entred the Towne of Trailesound the Emperiall Armie lying before it having their batteries neere the water at our in-coming they shot our Mast having grounded before our in-coming we ranne the hazard both of drowning and killing but being againe without hurt come off our Camerades wearied of watching immediatly after our entry we relieved the watch at Franckendor being the onely Poast in the Towne most pursued by the enemy The order of our watch was after this manner of the seaven Companies one Company watched still on the Island before the Towne called the Hollomne the other three Companies were ordained by foure a clocke afternoone to parade in the Market place and afterwards to march to their Poâ—st at Franckendor without the walles on scurvie outworkes which were but slightly fortified with a dry Moate the enemy lying strong before us and approaching neare we fearing a sudden on-fall those that were relieved of the watch by five of the clocke were ordained againe to meet by nine of the clocke at night and to watch againe on the by-watch till foure of the clocke in the morning whereof the one halfe were appointed to lie in readinesse at their Armes without
which this day makes our Soveraigne to say Nobis haec invicta miserunt centum septem proavi being left unconquered in his succession of one hundred and seven Kings for what have we to doe with gold or great riches so long as we can command our owne appetites and desires And if we thirst after gold let us valiantly bring it from a farre with credit to inrich our Countrey with and to supply the necessities of our poore at home and then having served long credibly abroad his Majestie our Soveraigne may grant unto us after our dismission from other service the liberties and priviledges which were granted by Charlemaine unto his Souldiers after he had subdued the Saxons and Lumbards which I will wish his Majestie to grant unto us saying Goe your wayes my Souldiers you shall be called valiant companions of Kings and Iudges of the wicked live henceforth free of Travell give good advice to Princes for the Common-weale be protectors of widdowes helps to the fatherlesse waite on great men with your wisdome and desire of them life cloathes and entertainement and he that refuseth you let him be detested and infamous and those that wrong you let them be accused as of treason But take heede yee spoyle not through drunkennesse pleasure or other vices the great honour and priviledge you have attained unto through your just travell in warres for feare that that which we grant unto you for honour may not redound to your dishonour and punishment which we reserve to our selves and to our Successors Romane Kings if by chance you commit any excesse It is a good thing and worth commendations to have defeated Kings assaulted Townes and Provinces Strengths and Castles But it is a thing much more worth commendations to overcome your own passions a marvaile surpassing all marvailes that he who did overcome so many at last overcomes himselfe The first and best of all Victories which cannot be attained unto without contemning of riches To conclude then this observation happie are those Cavaliers that ended their lives in the defence of their Countries credit a brave interchange where worthy Cavaliers in undergoing a temporall death for eternall fame and glory gaine life after death Miserable is the brevite and more miserable the uncertaintie of life Since then we are sure we cannot live long and uncertaine if we live at all being like leaves on trees we are the sport of every puffe that bloweth and with the least guste may be shaken from our life and nutriment we travell we study we fight that labour may pay us the losse of our ill expended time while death whiskes about us with a Pegasean speede flies unawares upon us and with the kicke of his heele or the dash of his foot we are driven downe to dust and lie there Many a stout fellow this night at Trailesound and five weekes before did expire in their oppugnations leaving their breath in the places where they laid their Siege Certainly if we could thinke of lifes casualties we would neither be carelesse nor covetous What availes then a man to exhaust his very vitals for the hoording up of fatall gold not thinking how a haire or a flie may snatch him in a moment from it Why should we then straine our selves for more than is convenient We should never care too much for that we are not sure to keepe yet we should respect somewhat more than for our owne time that we may be beneficiall to posteritie but for mine owne part I will cast this 〈◊〉 life on Gods providence and live here as a Pilgrime of one night not being sure to see the morrow The eighteenth Duty discharged of the second nights storme at Trailesound and of the successe thereof THe Lievetenant Colonell having visited me the next day at my lodging being not able to stirre out of my bed he declared unto me the losse sustained by the Regiment both of Officers and Souldiers and he suspecting the enemy would storme againe at night being battering the walles furiously the whole day having shot at Frankendore neere eight hundred shot he desired to heare my opinion how I would have the Poaste beset at night with the Regiment my advise was to cause beate a bancke by the Drummer Major and the whole Drummers of the Regiment athwart the City commanding upon paine of death that all Officers and Souldiers able to carry Armes under the Regiment should repaire at parad time to the market place there to receive further orders and that at their coming to appoint all the Officers that were not hurt to command the whole Souldiers to be all put under the Colonells company till such time as the Recreuts should come from Scotland and then every man should be suffered to serve againe under their owne companies as before and this order being followed they would be well commanded having sufficient Officers to leade them giving them orders how to behave themselves in case the enemy should storme their workes seeing they were not able to defend them long being weake of forces and the workes almost ruin'd the night before This determined the watch being drawne up they march to the former Poast getting orders from the Lievetenant Colonell if the enemy should presse them hard they should retire themselves orderly to the Ravelin and quit the outer workes seeing that from the Towne wall and Ravelin they were able with Cannon and musket to cleanse out the enemy againe So entring on their watch and the night being come on the enemy furiously did invade them and they defended the workes a long time till in the end being prest hard they retired according to their orders to the Ravelin whereupon the enemy followed them with a shout and a cry as if the Towne had beene wonne which did put the Burgars and the rest of the Souldiers that were on other Poasts in great feare thinking all was past recovery Notwithstanding of this sudden feare our Souldiers valiantly and bravely defended the Ravelin with Pikes and fire-workes the enemy having advanced bravely to the cutting of the Pallessades pressing also to undermine the Ravelin by working under it which our folkes did hinder by countermineing The enemy also had another fortell or advantage by reason of a new worke which was uncomplete betwixt the Ravelin and the outward workes where he did lodge himselfe having the new workes as a Breast-worke to defend him from our shot The night thus past furiously on both sides not without great losse being well fought both of the pursuer and defender in the morning our Souldiers some of them being Armed with Corslets head-peeces with halfe pikes Morgan sternes and swords being led with resolute Officers they fall out Pell mell amongst the enemies and chase them quite out of the workes againe and retiring with credit maintained still the Triangle or Ravelin The enemy considering his losse and how little he had gained the Towne also being not void of feare thinking the third
our Officers and Souldiers to transport them for their country which accordingly was obeyed As also his Majesty did give orders to ordaine us both Officers and Souldiers free quarters in Alzenheur till the shipps were ready to saile So that we being free from our honourable Master his service we were ready to imbrace new conditions from a new Master The twenty-second and last Observation on our Danes service HEre concluding our Danes service we see that the end of warres is peace and that the end of this peace was the beginning of greater warre under a new Master Happy therefore is that man or that Regiment that can say while as they are thanked off we have served truely and with credit our last Master and then they may be assured of a second Master having wonne a good name as this Regiment did under his Majesty of Denmarke in whom the least omission could never be found much lesse to have committed any grosse errour worthy imputation And therefore we were Graciously dismissed and honestly rewarded according to the time Captaine Andrew Stewart brother to the noble and worthy Earle of Traquaire being soliciting businesse at Copmanhagen contracted a feaver and died there being in his Camerades absence honourably buried by the Stathoulders direction whose death as untimely was much regrated by all his Camerades he being a valorous and expert Commander Likewise Iohn Hampeseede an old true servant to my cozen the Barron of Fowles he dying of a feaver at Angle leager was honourably buried there This Danes warre thus ended was the beginning of a greater warre as is said for the Emperour in Summer 1629. The Danes peace being made in August 1629 did send assistance of men unto the Pole against his Majesty of Sweden under the command of the Felt-marshall Arnhem which the next summer did bring the sword of the Sweden against himselfe So that we see there is nothing here on earth to be expected by us more then a continuall warfare Lord therefore make us dayly to warre in that spirituall warfare serving truely the King of Kings and Lord of hosts fighting that good fight against our spirituall enemies where he that overcomes receives for a reward instead of worldly glory an immortall Crowne of Glory in the Heavens The Colonells Observation of the Kingdome of Denmarke HAving had the honour to have dined with his Majesty at his Table then in the gorgeous pleasant Palace of Freddesborree taking leave of his Majesty having kissed his hand I retired to Alzenheur where I began to thinke that this King could have said of his whole Kingdome as Scipio said you see not a man amongst all those but if I command him he will from a Turret throw himselfe into the Sea even so this Magnanimous King to my knowledge was of absolute authority in his Kingdome as all Christian Kings ought to be in theirs ever obeyed in the Lord without asking the head a reason Why doe you command us thus For we reade that the favour of the Lord was in Iuda in giving them one heart in doing and obeying the commandements of the King and of their Magistrates and Principalls as I did cleerely observe in this Kingdome of Denmarke the goodnesse of government for the florishing of the Kingdome wher 's Totus orbis componebatur ad exemplum Regis He commanding they obeyed both lived in prosperity the Ruler or King Heroick wise noble magnanimous and worthy The Gentry Citizens and Communalty obedient which made their joy and felicity to continue in despite of their mighty foes and that by reason of his Majesties Government in military discipline who doth entertaine a great number of Officers yeerely having good allowance for commanding of Souldiers trained up in peace against warre such as Colonells Lievetenant-Colonells Majors Captaines and other inferiour Officers which are still entertained at the countries charge in exercising of Souldiers for his Majesties emploiment being alike ever ready in all Provinces for peace or warre Would to God we were so well provided in our owne country at home and then we needed not to feare any forraine enemy that are enemies to God to our King and to our Religion And for the better maintaining of warre no Kingdome or King I know is better provided of a Magazin then this magnanimous King for Armes brasse ordnance whereof every yeere his Majesty doth cast above a hundred peeces being sufficiently provided of Amunition and of all sorts of fiery Engines to be used by Sea or Land together with Armour sufficient for to arme a great Armie of Horse His Majestie is also sufficiently well provided of shipping and yearely doth adde to the number which ships are built by two worthy Scottish-men called Mr. Balsoure and Mr. Sinclaire being both well accounted off by his Majestie who in like manner hath a Reprobane at Copmanhagen for making of Cords and Cables for his shipping and Kingdome where I was informed that in twenty foure houres time they were able to furnish the greatest ship the King had of Cables and of all other tackling and cordage necessary to set out the Ship Likewise by his Majesties Artizens within the Kingdome all sort of stuffes and silkes are woven sufficient to serve the Kingdome and his neighbours that please to buy Moreover this Kingdome is worthy commendation for the order of Iustice and Lawes having their Law-books deciding all controversies amongst them and if it come to any great difference the Kings Majestie as being above the Law sits in judgement as the Interpreter and Director of Iustice and according to his Princely dignity mitigates as pleaseth his Majestie the law and decides the controversie This Kingdome also is praise-worthy for the purity of their Gentry being as ancient and noble as any other Kingdome and can bragge of a purer and cleerer bloud of Gentility then many Nations can for they never ally or enter into marriage with any inferiour to themselves be they never so rich if they be Burgars or Plebeians they never marry with them and if one of their daughters will through love miscarry in her affection to marry a Citizen they will not thereafter doe so much as to honour her with their company but on the contrary shee loseth both her portion and honour not suffering her to carry the armes of her familie Moreover this Nation is praise-worthy for their entertaining of learning and of the liberall Sciences professed in their owne Vniversities where their children are well taught and trained up after a noble and heroick manner within their owne Kingdome not onely in their Studies of the liberall Sciences but also in their exercise of body as fencing dancing singing playing of Instruments and riding of horses and what else are noble Recreations as learning of forraine languages Spanish Italian French Dutch and such like and afterwards their youth being well travell'd returning from their Travells they attend on the Chancellarie as under-Secretaries to States-men to enable them to be profitable
did observe the difference betwixt the King our Master and old Tilly where I did see his Majesty though younger out-shoote the elder in experience who by winning of a Dorpe which was afterwards slighted with the losse of two thousand men over and above the toyle sustained by his Army and the losse of some cannon he lost Francford on the Oder where three thousand were put to the sword in requitall of his cruelty used at Brandenburg The seventh Dutie discharged of our march to Swede and of our reformation there being made into Briggades TIllies Army being marched backe to Rapine the Felt-marshall with his Army did breake up from Freedland with Horse Foote and Artillery towards Swede to joyne with his Majesty continuing our march for three dayes to the passe at Lecknetts where we rested two dayes sundry Officers having taken Forloffes of his Excellence to goe unto Statine to provide themselves of cloaths and necessaries expecting for a long march where I went also to see my wife and Family and having stayed but one night our march continued so farre in prosecuting our victories that the enemy coming betwixt me and home I was not suffered in three yeares time to returne so long as his Majesty lived which was much to my prejudice Being arrived at Swede on the Oder and joyned with his Majesties Army after our coming being drawne out to the fields we were made into Briggades both horse and foote where Sr. Iohn Hepburne being made Colonell of the Briggad his Regiment Colonell Lumsdells Stargates and ours made up the Briggad where Lumsdell I had the Battaile Colonell Hepburne his Regiment made up the right wing and Colonell Stargates the left which on our march was changed by turnes and thereafter was still called the Scots Briggad commanded by Hepburne Sundry other Briggads were made up as the yellow or leeffe Briggad commanded by the Baron Tyvell the blew Briggad commanded by Colonell Winckle and the white Briggad called Dametts where having lien some few dayes we were preparing for our march towards Francford on the Oder The seventh Observation GEnerall Tilly was no sooner marched with his Army but incontinent the Felt-marshall did follow his example to joyne with his Majesty Where we may see that these two wise Generalls did soare in the skies with their Armies casting boards like warre ships to get advantage one of another We see here that Cavaliers though tied by Gods ordinance to live with their wives being once severed and tied to serve they cannot with credit quit their charge to come to their wives The King himselfe being once engaged in the Dutch warres was deprived for two yeares from the sweete society of his Queene which should teach women and men of meaner quality after their examples to be patient in absence for more love was never betwixt two than was betwixt his Majesty and his Queene no love could goe beyond their love each to others except the love of Christ God and man towards man For the love of this Queene to her husband the King did equall the love of the wife of Hieron whom we read of in Plutarch his Apophthegmes for her rare continence and respect carried to her husband shee never felt the breath of anothers kisse but her husbands Which in my opinion this Queene of Sweden could well for her love to her husband have done if it were possible as is reported by Plinius of Arria wife to Cecinna Paetus who being condemned to die with liberty to choose the forme of his death his wife going to visit him did exhort him to die valiantly with great courage and taking good night of her husband she strucke herselfe with a knife in the body and drawing out the knife againe presented it to Paetus her husband with these words Vulnus quod feci Paete non doleâ— sed quod tu facies as one would say the wound I gave my selfe hurts me not but the wound which you shall give grieves me We read also of Portia Cato his daughter and wife to Brutus who hearing of her husbands death in despight of all that were about her filled her mouth with hot burning coales and was suffocated for griefe We reade also a memorable story of the wives of the Menyans recorded by Plutarch in his fourth booke of Illustrious women their husbands being in prison and condemned to death for having enterprized against the King of Sparta the Lacedemonian custome being to execute their malefactors in the night these noble women under pretence to speake with their husbands being appointed to die got license of the Guards to goe within the prison and having put themselves in place of their husbands whom they made to put on their Gownes taught them to cover their faces with vailes as being extreamely sorry carrying their heads downward they escaped out of their hands Having inferred this discourse on a Queene yet wife to the best Souldier in our dayes lest Souldiers wives should be worse thought of than others having seene more love more indurance better obedience and by appearance more chastity in them to their husbands than ever I did see in any other profession I will here yet inferre a rare example of a Souldiers wife to encourage others to follow and imitate her vertues The story we reade written by Barnard Scardeon in his third booke of Padua that Blanch Rubea of Padua being retired with her Baptist de la Porte within the fortresse of Bassean pertaining to the Venetians Accâ—olen baâ—â—shed out of Padua with all his forces assailed the said place being valorously defended it was impossible to get it but by Treason Baptist not losing courage though surprised running unto the Port with his Armes in his hand but suppressed by the multitude of his enemies having gotten entry he was killed by the hand of Acciolen his wife Blanch did fight valiantly in the conflict being armed with steele and with courage farre beyond her sex The enemy being victorious she was taken perforce and brought before the Tyrant who being ravished with her beauty at first making much of her then desireth to ravish and bereave her of her honour shee defending her selfe by words and prayers of entreaty escaped his hands and finding the window open skips downe where she was found â—ore hurt and halfe dead but by the diligence of good Chirurgians she was made whole as before and was solicited by the Tyrant againe which she refusing to yeeld unto being bound was forced by the Tyrant shee keeping her griefe within herselfe gets liberty to goe see the dead body of her husband Baptist and pretending to doe some ceremonies about his Corps and having opened the Grave she crying streached herselfe in the Grave and violently with her hands pulls the stone that covered the grave over her and her head being bruised she died presently above her husband in the yeare 1253. The Ancient Germans did marry their wives on the condition they should be their companions in travells
and dangers and as Cornelius Tacitus reports one husband married but one wife being but one body and one life And Theogene the wife of Agathocles said she was companion of his troubles and adversity as she was of his prosperity and being in love my selfe with the vertue of such women rare to be found I will yet enrich this observation with a notable example that happened in the yeare 1466. betwixt Bonne Lumbard or Greeson and Peter Brunore of Parme as the Italian story records which I here represent in favour of vertuous women to incourage that sex more and more to the like vertue being so pleasant where ever it is found to be seene Bonne borne in the Woalkie of Talhine in the country of Greeson in which place Peter Brunore Parmesan one day walking alone a brave Cavalier and a Knight well experimented in warres leading his Army in passing by he sees this young Damsell feeding her sheepe in the fields being little of stature of browne colour not pleasant or faire to see to but very merry playing then with her fellowes wherein she shewed a câ—rtaine quicknesse of spirit that the Knight Brunore looking on her attentively observing all her gestures and hoping of some great good of her caused to take her and leade her away with him against her will that in time being accustomed with him he made her divers times change clothes and clad her at last like a boy by way of pleasure and recreation of spirit leading her oft a hunting and using her to ride and spurre horses and other exercises wherein shee shewed her quicknesse and dexterity and though the Cavalier did keepe her but for pleasure recreation and pastime neverthelesse she did set her selfe to serve him with a love and diligence incredible in such sort that willingly she could endure all manner of labour trouble or toyle of body or of minde that Brunore could not undergoe and went ever with him as with her Master in all his journies assisting him in all dangers following him on foote and on horsebacke through dales and mountaines by water and by land with an intire and faithfull obedience without over-leaving of him or without grudging in any sort she went also with him towards Alphonse King of Naples for at that time this Cavalier and Knight Peter Brunore did serve under Francis Sforce which party he after quit but having afterwards changed his minde he resolved to quit Alphonse King of Naples and to retire to serve his former Master the Count of Sforce and while as he was making preparation for his flight the businesse not being so privily carried but that the King perceiving it secretly caused to apprehend Brunore and cast him into prison where he was kept long without hope of reliefe Wherefore Bonne being restlesse till she should see the day when the Knight Brunore were at liberty she went to all the Princes and Potentates of Italy and to the King of France to Philip Duke of Burgoigne to the Venetians and to many more of whom she attained letters in favour of her deare and well beloved master so that Alphonse wonne by such requests and the intreaty of so great men was as it were constrained to set Brunore at liberty and gave him unto that valorous warrier that did for him who having gotten him loose to doe yet greater service to her Master did obtaine so much by her meanes at the Venetians hands that they accepted of Brunore unto their service and was made Leader to the Army of so great a Republique and there was a great pension ordained for his entertainment by which deeds of friendship the Knight did know the faith the vertue and the valour of his Bonne he esteemed it not honest to keepe her longer as a servant as he had done till then but married her keeping her as his lawfull wife making still great esteeme and account of her following her counsell in all his affaires of weight and importance during which time he attained unto great reputation under the Venetians his enterprizes still coming fortunatly and happily to passe This valiant Dame of his was still sâ—ene in Armes when occasion was offered to fight and when it was needefull to leade the Infantry going before she appeared like a Magnanimous Leader and warriour being very capable in warlike matters whereof she gave divers times good proofe especially with the Venetians against Francis Sforce at that time Duke of Millaine where she made her selfe knowne while as the Castle of Panon besides Bresse was lost her courage did appeare so great that every one did wonder at it for being armed from head to foote shewing her selfe more couragiously then any other at the storme the Targe on her arme and the Cutlesse in her hand she was the meanes the place was recovered At last the Venetians having great confidence in Brunore and in the counsell and valour of Bonne his Lady he was sent for the defence and keeping of Negrepont against the Turkes where by the Fortifications they two made while they remained there the Turkes had never the courage to hurt or impeach them in end Brunore dying and buried with great respect and honour Bonne his Lady returning towards the Venetians for to get her husbands pension confirmed to two of her sonnes and falling sicke caused to make a Tombe of great charges which she desired to be perfected before her death and being dead she was buried there in the yeare 1468. Therefore it was well said that there were three things seemed pleasant in Gods sight the love betwixt brethren the friendship betwixt neighbours and man and wife continuing in union and mutuall loyalty Who likes to reade a pleasant story to this purpose let him read Nauclerus treaty of the Emperour Conrade the third in his warres against Guelly Duke of Baviere who was forced for his safety to retire within Rhinesberg where the Towne being taken by accord by the perswasion of Ladies he would grant no other condition but that the women should transport themselves out of the Towne in safety with so much as they could carry and no more where one taking the Duke on her backe the rest of the wives their husbands the accord thus kept and the Emperour Conrade moved to compassion beholding their love and vertue pardoned the Duke and restored the Towne to their former liberties And Bodin in the preface of his history reports that Laurence de Medices was healed of a grievous disease by reading of this story without any other helpe I wish it may worke the same effect upon all those that made it especially the Female sex in making them follow the vertuous examples of these noble Ladies in loving their husbands beyond all other things whatsoever and those that will not be moved thereto I wish them the death of that Roman Lady reported of by Quintus Curtius and Titus Livius called Publia Cornetia Annea who lived twenty yeares without once offending of her husband and seeing
more and rare to be seene his Majesty of Bohemia in person came unto him to offer him assistance Royall in leavying of an Army for himselfe and was refused 〈◊〉 am willing other Armies should be in Dutchland to be participant of his glory but his owne Where we see Fortunes Favourit laught on by the world but how soone againe Fortune begun to frowne on his successour who having got but one Buffet all men would kill him his friends nomine tenus aswell as his enemies Where we see cleerely that there is no friend in adversity except it be a friend in Christ who will never forsake or leave us This then is the friendship we should make to league and confederate with our brethren in Christ with whom we have unity in Faith if that we would have our friendship durable and constant others will change as the winde blowes plenty or penury upon us being but temporary friends as many of the Dutch are but our brethren in Christ will never totally leave us no not in our greatest wants and extremity of Fortune Which should make us choose such and to live and dye with such fighting for them and their liberties who will never leave us though death sever us but after death they will prove constant friends to our successours as the Germans did not to the Chancellor of Sweden if they succeede unto us in the true and undoubted Faith And to verifie this I can beare witnesse that though the enemy did keepe our brethren in Christ that were in the Pultz under ten yeares bondage Neverthelesse that bondage nor the tyranny used unto them by their enemies made them never forget their fidelity and love to their King and Prince neither yet could their tyranny make them forsake or renounce their faith in Christ but as they continued true â—o God so were they faithfull in their love to their King and Master not only to his Majesty but also shewed their love and kindnesse unto us being his Majesties friends whom they knew to be one in faith with themselves And therefore they were ever ready and willing to undergoe alike danger with us against our common enemies as doth witnesse their assistance given to the Scots of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment having Conjunct is viribus beaten their enemies on divers occasions The Kings Majesty of Sweden though before this time none of the greatest Kings yet in this warre having begun with a little Army of ten thousand strong in three yeares time he grew so great that he was carelesse of the threatning of the great King of France having entertained then in readinesse foure Armies at once his owne which he led himselfe under which I was still The Felt-marshall Gustavus Hornes Armie Generall Totts Army on the Wazer and the Marquesse of Hamiltons Army with whom Banier was joyned on the Elve These foure Armies his Majesty commanded alike and at one time having the Emperour the King of Spâ—ne the Catholique League and the Duke of Bavier his enemies And though the Duke of Saxon had an Army apart yet his Majestie would not suffer the King of Bohemia the Duke of Lunenburg the Land grave of Hessen nor the Dukes of Wâ—mar to lead Armies in Dutchland but as Subalternes to his Command And I thinke he had reason for if his Majestie of Bohemia had had an Armie in the fields it behooved the Swedens to have beene subalterne to the Dutch and Scots who were then strong in the fields in commanding strangers as they did their owne Country-men Notwithstanding of all these forces led and commanded by his Majestie of Sweden we see that the Empire is like a depth without a bottome that cannot be sounded For though they lost severall Battailes their power was so great that incontinent they made up Armies againe one after another for the space of twentie yeares together so that with difficultie they made the body of the Empire to stand though the wings were very neere clipped by his Majestie of Sweden who in three yeares time subdued the most part of the Empire and with his owne little Armie in one Winter freed the Paltz of the Spanish Forces except Heidelberg alone on which occasions those of our Nation that followed his Majestie shewed both their valour and their love especially those of my Lord Spence his Regiment seconded well by those of my Lord Rhees Regiment and Sir Iames Ramseys worthy Regiment were well seconded by Colonell Lodowicke Lesâ—yes Regiment which formerly were Sir Iohn Hamiltons These foure Regiments of foote having followed his Majesties owne person in all occasions were worthy their deeds should be Registred to all posteritie Other six Regiments of Scots under Generall Tott and two of English being yonger in the service than the former foure were also shorter of continuance whose actions I cannot relate but by Information Therefore I will be sparing lest I should derogate from their worth or oversee my selfe At this time also there were a great many worthy Cavaliers of our Nation under his Majestie who for their long experience and valour had attained to the honour not onely to be trusted before others with Governments but also were honoured in commanding of strangers both Dutch and Swedens whereof some were employed in Dutchland some in Sweden some in Liffeland and some in Spruce all alike serving their Master to his minde where he liked best to make use of them for the weale and advancement of his service Sir Patricke Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Vlme Colonell over Dutch to foote and to horse Sir Alexander Lesly Generall Major and Governour over the whole Cities alongst â—he Balticke Coast Sir David Drummond Generall Major and Governour of Statin over a Regiment of Swedens Sir Iohn Hepburne Colonell over the Scots Briggad Generall Major King Colonell to horse and foote of Dutch Colonell Carrâ— Colonell to foote of Scots Sir Iohn Ruthâ—â—â— Generall Major Colonell of Dutch Colonell Robert Monro of Fowles Colonell to foote and to horse over Dutch The Earle of Crawford Colonell to foote oâ—er Dutch Colonell Baily Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Ramsey Governour of Creâ—â—snough and Commander of Dutch Colonell Alexander Hamilton Colonell of Scots Sir Iames Ramsey Colonell of foote over Scots Sir William Ballentine Colonell over English Colonell Dowglas Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell Hâ—me Colonell of Dutch horsemen Colonell Alexander Lâ—sly the younger Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Iohn Lesly Colonell to foote over Scots Colonell William Gunne Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Kiâ—â—iâ—mond Colonell of Swedens Colonell Hugh Hamilton Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell 〈◊〉 Forbesse and his brother both Colonells to foote over strangers Colonell Iohn Forbesse Colonell to foote over Dutch Colonell Alexander Forbesse called the bald Colonell to foote over Dutch which all with the former twelve Regiments were employed severally upon the Dutch bottome during his Majesties time and since to the great credit of their Nation as likewise other Cavaliers of them were
and we to verifie the desire we had to be revenged on him did neglect no time till at last we found him out where we intended to try Fortune againe which never smiles alwayes on one but is ever variable keeping no constant course being whiles here now there and commonly we see that those who have beene most fortunate in their time as this old Generall was they have an insatiable desire of victory and prosperous fortune till neere their end that they are overcome themselves Here we see his Majesties diligence alike in following of his enemy as he fled before him as in his pursute at Donavert being the passe we were holden up at which his Majestie with diligence did get in his power being so hard pursued that the enemy got no time to relieve it though the Cavalier that defended it shewed himselfe resolute in defending of it as in out-falling on our Guards which were Swedens who having neglected their dutie were blame-worthy as their Captaine that commanded them who ought to have preferred death before life ere he had quite his Poste seeing his standing could have moved others to helpe him though the Swedens left him But his Majestie having got the victory over the Towne by the valour of the Captaines Country-men their intercession then procured his pardon though not his admission to his former Command Likewise here we see that stone houses are vaine defenses against cannon where the walles once pierc't those within are in worse case then if they stood on plaine fields Therefore at such times it is better to adventure forth unto the fields out of reach then to be smothered within walles as were many within this house both of horse and foote Here also as in the continuance of the Story we see the valour of Hepburne and of his Briggad praise worthy being first and last instruments of the enemies overthrow in grosse or by parties being commanded men where often we were well seconded by Ramseys men seeing those were ever commanded on desperat exploits being still appointed the fore-troopes of the Army well led and conducted by Major Sidserffe who was a Cavalier both diligent and valorous being also trusted on good occasions for his judgment in command As his Majesty was diligent in the taking of this passe so he was carefull to repaire it by helping of the ruins and in besetting it againe with a strong Garrison establishing good order and discipline having left Colonell Worbrane an Osterriker Freher as Governour being a man expert in making of cannon and in devising of fire-workes As also he understood well how best to fortifie irregular workes as these were And therefore his Majesty most wisely did concredit according to his gifts the maintaining of this passe to his care and diligence which both he did shew in fortifying the Towne even so farre as Art could be helpefull to nature The twenty ninth Duty discharged of his Maiesties forcing the passage over the Leacke and of the intaking of Ausburg DONAVERT being taken and beset againe with a Swedens Garrison caused a great feare and astonishment to seaze upon all the Papists in Bavaria which made the Iesuits and Monkes flie unto Tilligen Mynckine Neuburg and Engolstat where above twenty thousand of the Clergy were unwilling to fight with the Duke against his Majesties forces and seeing Vindligan the Castle of Oberdorffe and divers other places taken in by his Majesty those of Neighburg desired his Majesties safe-guardes in respect the Swedens were making great booty over all where ever they came hanging the Papists by their purse noâ— sparing to torment their shinnes as they did in Pomeren and in the Markes of Bâ—andenburg to the Protestants in exacting their monies which they were made to repay againe Lege talionis Generall Tilly by this time had intrenched his Army about the Rhine by the side of the Leacke to hinder his Majesties passage unto Bavaria with a strong Army which lay on the other side of the River right against Tillies Army where his Majesty did set over a bridge made with boates and plankes having planted seventy two peeces of cannon great and small on the borders of the River which did play continually into the middest of Tillies Army who were drawne up in Battaile on the other side to hinder his Majesties passage but our messengers were so swift and diligent that through importunity they obtained a grant of the passage where many were made to lie dead by our cannon for those that were not hurt by the Bullets they were lamed by branches and trees cut by the cannon being they stood in a thickewood which shooting continued a whole day being on the fifth of Aprill 1632 a day ominous to Generall Tilly who was shot in the knee with a cannon bullet a cruell blow for an ould man of seventy two yeeres who being carried from thence to Engolstat died within three dayes being cruelly tormented with the smart of his wound Tilly being gone the Army discouraged for their great losse sustained The Duke remarking his Majesty would force the passage he thought best in time to retire taking his flight confusedly upon Engolstat and Nuburg after that Altringer then a Colonell was shot in the head and above a thousand did lie dead on the place they stood on His Majesty having crost over with the Army he incontinent commanded certaine Troopes to follow the fugitives getting orders to cut them off as they were found This victory happily attained unto by his Majesty incontinent the Towne of Rhine being the first frontier Garrison in Bavaria rendered up and his Majesty having beset Rhine with a Garrison he marched with the Army alongst the Leacke side on Ausburg where by the way a Commissary from Nuburg came to his Majesty making their excuse for receiving of Tillies forces and withall they declared that the enemy had quit their Towne againe and therefore they interposed with his Majesty for neutrality which being refused unto them a Garrison was sent to keepe them in awe to bring their landes in contribution and to repaire the bridge which was broken by the Dukes command His Majesty having continued his march towards Ausburg the eigth of Aprill we lay downe before it and immediatly we set over a bridge over the Leacke during which time the Commandant spared not his Amunition but continually Cannonaded amongst us but our batteries being once ready they received their interchange and his Majesty offered the Garrison free passage and to retire in safety with his folkes whether he pleased otherwise there should no quarter be granted unto them if they pressed to hould out longer whereupon the Governour resolved to accept of his Majesties offer and having made his Accord on the tenth of Aprill he marched out and was conveyed towards Engolstat Incontinent thereafter his Majesty did beset the Towne with a strong Garrison and the next day before his Majesty entred the Towne all Papists were ordained to assemble and meete at Lâ—ckhousen
which were presently chased away taking their Retreate unto Walestines Leaguer which done Duke Barnard of Wyâ—ar and Generall Banier continued the Armies march being thirtie thousand strong through the fields towards a Dorpe called Grossâ—roote and draws up in Battaile in plaine Champaigne halfe a mile from the enemies Leaguer his Majestie then marching out of his Leaguer with the Armie from Swyno towards Clyneroote incontinent presented himselfe in Battaile before the enemies Leaguer but the Emperialists unwilling to be seene in the fields they kept themselves close within their Leaguer playing on us with their Cannon having done no more hurt than the killing of one Constable and a few Souldiers and we attending their resolution and out-coming enterprized nothing all day but stood ready in Battaile till night that the foote Briggads had orders to advance within Cannon reach of their Leaguer where our Batteries were ordained to be made all in Front as our Armie stood alongst the face of the enemies Leaguer where we had cast up a running trench before the front of our Armie from the right hand to the left going from one Battery to another on which Batteries were planted seventy-two pieces of Cannon great and small well guarded with strong guards of Musketiers and Pikemen the Briggads lying ready at hand to relieve them in time of need and our horse-Briggads being appointed without them to stand in readinesse for to second the foote The day peeping the Emperiall Generalls were saluted with a salve of Cannon which untimely stirred some from their rest making them retire unto their Strengths not having the courage to shew their faces in the fields This service of Cannon having continued the whole day in the night the Emperialists retired their Forces towards their workes on the old hill being mighty strong on that quarter so that there was no possibility to harme them any more with Cannon His Majestie thinking if it were possible to get in the hill he was then able to beate the enemy out of his Leaguer and therefore in the night gave Orders to draw off the Cannon from the Batteries and having the Armie in readinesse we marched in the night through Furt towards the other side of the enemies Leaguer of intention to take in the hill and then to beate them out of their Leaguer and his Majestie having got intelligence the enemy had marched away and left but a Reare-guard on the Hill to make his Retreate good we marched neere the Hill and drew up in Battaile alongst the side of it horse foote and Cannon by seven of the Clocke in the morning where incontinent on slight information his Majestie resolved in earnest to pursue the Hill Duke William of Wymar then Lievetenant Generall next unto his Majestie had the command of the Armie Generall Banier had the Command of the foote and Duke Barnard of Wymar Commanded the Horse Colonell Leonard Richardson had the Command of the Artillery divers other Cavaliers of note were ordained to attend his Majestie for giving assistance in Command to be directed by his Majestie as occasion offered such as Grave Neeles a Sweden then Generall Major of foote Generall Major Boetius a Dutch Sir Iohn Hepburne then having left command of the Briggad being out of employment he attended his Majestie Generall Major Rusteine being then Stallemaster to his Majestie attended also Generall Major Striffe commanded the Horse next to Duke Barnard The Armie thus in Battaile and the whole Officers of the field attending his Majestie and their severall Charges the service being but begunne Generall Banier was shot in the Arme and so retired Generall Major Rusteine being also shot did retire incontinent his Majestie commanded strong parties of commanded Musketiers out of all Briggads led by a Colonell a Lievetenant Colonell and a competent number of other inferiour Officers to leade on the partie towards the Hill to force a passage or entry unto the enemies workes which being hardly resisted the service went on cruell hot on both sides so that the parties were no sooner entered on service but it behooved the reliefes to be incontinent ready to second them death being so frequent amongst Officers and Souldiers that those who were hurt rejoyced having escaped with their lives seeing in effect the service desperate on our side losing still our men without gaining any advantage over our enemies being alwayes within their close workes while as we both Officers and Souldiers stood bare and naked before them as markes to shoot at without any shelter whatsoever but the shadow of some great trees being in a wood so that we lost still our best Officers and Souldiers while as the basest sort durst not lift head in the storme The service continued in this manner the whole day so that the Hill was nothing els but fire and smoke like to the thundering Echo of a Thunder-clap with the noise of Cannon and Musket so that the noise was enough to terrifie Novices we losing still our best Souldiers grew so weake in the end that the Briggads of foote had scarce bodies of Pikemen to Guard their Colours the Musketiers being almost vanished and spent by the continuance of hot service where the service was not alone amongst the foote in pursuing of the hill but also about the hill without the wood on the wings the horse men furiously charged one another being also well seconded by Dragoniers and Musketiers that did come on fresh with the reliefes By one a clocke in the afternoone Duke William of Wymar commanded me being the first service I was on as Colonell for my credit to goe towards the Poste on the hill where the Grave â—on Torne was shot and to command those five hundred Musketiers I taking leave of my Camerades went to the Poste and finding the place warme at my coming divers Officers and Souldiers lying bloudy on the ground I went first and ordered the Souldiers on the Poste to my judgment as most to our advantage for our safeties and the harming of our enemies and perceiving the enemy sometimes to fall out with small Plottons of Musketiers to give fire on us and to spie our actions returning againe as their powder was spent to trap them the next time I advanced a Sergeant with twenty foure Musketiers to lie in Ambush to attend on their next out-coming which they perceiving came out no more but one single man to spie I retiring againe to my maine reserve to direct others sometimes standing sometimes walking and being taken notice of as a chiefe Officer the enemy commanded out a single man with a long peece who from a tree aiming at me shot me right above the Hanch-bone on the left side which lighted fortunatly for me on the Iron clicket of my hanger which cut close the Iron away taking the force from the Bullet which being battered flat with the Iron entred not above two inches in my side where I found a little Armes of proofe being well put on most commodious
as Gustavus was might in a few yeares time observe many things belonging to the knowledge of a Commander though I grant never attaine unto the perfection of his Calling for the accidents of warres being infinite the knowledge of them can never be limited But we must alwayes be learning of new things till we become more prudent though not perfectly wise in our calling being infinite and though many thinke a man may be wise and not couragious seeing the wise fore-sees all dangers truely I will thinke he that is circumspect and wise in this kinde may be called a stout Commander for to a wise man we say nothing comes wrong and he that cannot be surprized in this kinde must needs be both wise and stout To conclude then this Observation out of the separation of the Marquesse and his Country-men at our leave-takings and at the parting of Colonell Lodowicke Lesly and his Regiment from Spence his Regiment going with Duke Barnard unto Saxonie from us which separation was like to the separation death makes betwixt friends and the soule of man being sorry that those who had lived so long together in amitie and friendship as also in mutuall dangers in weale in woe fearing we should not meet againe the splendour of our former mirth was obnubilated with a cloud of griefe sorrow which vanished and dissolved in mutuall teares of love severing from others as our Saviour did from his Disciples in love and amitie wishing one another the mutuall enterchange of our affections as Souldiers and not as Complementing Courtiers in the way of love and courtesie we wished againe and againe being loath to depart from others the accomplishment of all happinesse here and of eternall glory else-where The thirty-eight Dutie discharged of our March from Newstade towards Winchene HAving come unto the fields the Armie being drawne up and divided Duke Barnard of Wymar was directed to march on Kitchen on the Maine and the rest of the Armie on Vinzeine and his Majestie with a strong partie marched backe unto Nurenberg to see the enemies Leaguer and the unhappie Castle on the old hill where so many brave fellowes were lost From thence his Majestie returned on Outzbach at which time on the march some new levied men that were come from Switzerland joyned with the Armie at Winchene where we rested two dayes I being cruelly tormented with a burning Ague contracted with neglecting of my wound received at Nurenberg Walestine his Feltmarshall Holke at this time with his little Armie did dominier in Saxonie using barbarous crueltie in burning scalding and plundering of Townes Flecks and Dorpes murthering and cutting downe the Inhabitants that it was pittie to heare of such barbariâ—ic in a civill land to be used by one of their owne profession making no conscience of Religion he shewed lesse compassion then the Papists did for their villany whom he led was so great that after abusing the women in satisfying their filthy lusts they did burne them and their families their hearts thus hardned that it was evident that the judgements of the Lord were not farre from them and those he commanded having suffered such tyranny to have been used to Christians before a moneth was past he died raging of the plague and those who followed him were also rewarded of God for their crueltie The eighteenth of August Holke tooke in Zinckâ— by accord promising unto the Burgers the freedome of their Religion and liberties providing they would take in a Garrison of two hundred Emperialists then Gallas and Halke being joyned soone after Walestine himselfe after the in-taking of Coburg continued his march towards Leipsigh after spoyling the land of Coburg and Culnebush he marched through the Voigland towards Oâ—lsenburg and from thence to Leipsigh which he got in on Accord the twenty-second of October and on the twenty-third he got in the Castle of Pleisenburg putting out the Dukes Garrison and putting in his owne And after he tooke in Weysenfelse Morsburg Nawmburg and divers Townes more in Saxonie spoyling and ruining all that side of the Elve Hall also he tooke in but the Castle of Morsburg being well beset by the Swedens by that time could not be brought to heare of any Accord Papenhaim now retired from Mastricht having in vaine attempted then the reliefe of it at his backe-coming he relieved the City of Patterburne from the beleaguering and skirmished with the Lievetenant Generall Bawtish he also dissolved the blockquering of Volfenbittle an did get some Cornets and Colours from the Brunswicker forces and from thence he did come before Heldishem alleaging he had beaten the Duke of Lunenbeug and Bawtishen by which stratagem he did get Heldishem in his power and beset it with a Garrison as the principall Strength on the Wezer streame appointing the Grave Fon Gronsfield to command there and then he marched towards Eichfield and tooke in Milhousen getting a great composition of money from them he marched on Saltz and plundered it out wherein he did get much hidden riches and his Souldiers making rich boo'y they did cast in the water that which they could not carry he proceeded also in the same manner with Theanestade from whence he carried with him the Burger-masters in pledge of their Cities Ransome and finding by the way they were not able to pay what they had promised he caused to take all three and hang them up till they were halfe dead and then caused suddenly to cut them downe Cretzburg also he used little better from Erfort he desired twenty thousand Dollers and threatned if the monies were not tould downe he would not faile to doe them all the mischiefe he could whereupon with much adoe they did get him two thousand Dollers and hearing his Majesty of Sweden was drawing neere he staied not on the rest but marched to Morsburg at Hall The thirty-eighth Observation MEmory and forgetfulnesse are both necessary in friendship Shall I then forget here to speake of our separation being so long companions of one danger together No this love of Camerades â—o each others is most worthy remembrance seeing we were divers times willing to give our lives for one anothers safeties shall we then be oblivious of this mutuall love and dangers No though distance of place separate â—â—r bodies we shall still be conjoyned in minde and power against our common enemy that desireth the hurt of us all alike Let us then though severed maintaine one anothers credit in absence ever honouring the worth and vertues of our deare Camerades for the kindnesse past let us learne to be ever thankfull to their friends alive and after their death let our love increase to their successours for if there be any Nectar in this life it is in sorrowes we endure for the goodnesse and love of our absent friends especially of those that were our dearest Camerades for if we sorrow for them amending our lives knowing we must passe shortly through the same passage they did passe before us truely
Paltz and Christs Gospell preached and the Sacraments duely administred which I saw and was partaker of singing thankes unto God for their deliverance He it was and none other under God who helped them to their liberties He it was and none other releeved Israell Notwithstanding whereof the unthankfulnesse of the people was so great that with my eares divers times I did heare some of them say he might as wel have stayed in his own country till they had sent for him so great was their unthankfulnesse Likewise they said if he had had much at home he had not come unto them over seas such a farre Iourney Was not this to recompence good with evill Was not this right the chiefe Butlers part that did not remember Ioseph but forgot him Was not this Ioas his part to Iehoida his Father O then this was the poisonable bullet of ingratitude of the people for which our King and Master was taken away Oh would to God the people had never bin so unthankfull that our King Captaine and Master had yet lived Moreover as these people were unthankfull so they were Godlesse many of them in the time of their troubles as I did behould oftimes with mine eyes a carelesse security amongst them thinking their victories were so frequent and their owne power so great they needed not the assistance of the Swedens nor of strangers and their pride was so great that disesteeming of strangers in their pride they led a life very insolent and deboist being given to the workes of the flesh adultery fornication uncleannesse lasciviousnesse idolatry c. In a word it was even amongst them as it was in the dayes before the flood as if the Lord had forgotten them or could not see their villany so it behooved God to have punished them by his Majesties death For in their hearts they said there was no God so that their mischiefe came on them unawares and this the peoples carriage caused his Majesties untimely death being shot the second time O would to God they had done otherwise and served God more truely that we might have had the presence and conduct of our Magnanimous King longer till the pride of Austria had bin more humbled and the whore of Babylon brought unto repentance of her Idolatries O would to God I could enough lament his death As also lament my owne sinnes and the wickednesse of the people that was the cause of this untimely death through their sinnes And his Majesties selfe also being a sinner as he himselfe oftimes confessed wishing that God would not lay to his charge the greate respect and reverence the best sort of the people did give unto him being but a sinfull man as they were for which he feared the Lord was angry with him shewing by his cōfession he did glory in nothing but in the Lord ascribing ever all his victories unto God and nothing presuming of himselfe For I dare be bould to say he was a man according to Gods minde if there was one on earth Such was our Master Captaine and King As was Abraham the Father of many so was our Master Captaine and King Was Noah in his time unreproveable So was our Master Captaine and King Was Iob in his sufferings patient So was our Master Captaine and King Was Ionathan true and upright in keeping his word So was our Master Captaine and King Was Iehosaphat in his warres penitent and busie craving the helpe of the Lord So was our Master Captaine and King Was Simeon good and full of the spirit So was our Master Captaine and King Was young Tobias mindfull all his dayes of the Lord in his heart and his will not set to sinne So was our Master Captaine and King like unto a stone most precious even like a Iasper cleere as Christall ever and ever And truely if Apelles with his skill in painting and Cicero with his tongue in speaking were both alive and pressed to adde any thing to the perfection of our Master Captaine and King truely the ones best Colours and the others best Words were not able to adde one shaddow to the brightnesse of his Royall Minde and Spirit So that while the world stands our King Captaine and Master cannot be enough praised Alas then it was our sinnes and the sinnes of the Army and the Land was the cause of our punishment in losing of him with that unhappy last bullet of the three shot through his head who was the head of us all under God our Father in Christ that did undoe us it was we I say that sinned against the Lord and his Anointed It was our misdeedes did thus grow over our heads that made us lose our Head and Leader Woe woe then to us that left the Lord till we made the Lord take him from us that was our guard and comforter under God in all our troubles What then ought we to doe that one day we may raigne with him in glory While it is to day we must cast off the workes of darknesse and embrace the light in newnesse of life repenting of the evill and turning away from our wickednesse by repentance not like unto Cain not like unto Saul not like unto Achitophell not like to Iudas Iscariot who all doubted but like those of Nineve in dust and ashes to fast and pray beleeving in the Lord and with David to say We have sinned against thee and against the Heavens be mercifull unto us o Lord like unto Peter let us ô Lord Weepe bitterly let us then repent and beleeve the Gospell beleeve yea and turne to the Lord with all our hearts with fasting and praying and mourning with Saul that said Thou art more righteous then I in shewing me good for evill much more ought we to lift up our voices and with teares of repentance mourne for the losse of our Master Captaine and King through our sinnes and unthankfulnesse Therefore to day while we have time let us acknowledge our sinnes before the Lord and repent lest a worse come unto us and that then we be cast into prison till that we pay the last farthing for if the Lord spared not his owne Sonne who was blamelesse and without sinne while he tooke on him our sinnes what shall then become of us No otherwise but except we turne from our sinnes we must also die the death Let us not then close our eares as at Meriba and at Massa in the wildernesse but with the forlorne Child cry Father we have sinned against thee and against heaven and are not more worthy to be called thy Sonnes Lord therefore be mercifull unto us and enter not into judgment with us Then let us all weare mourning and lament the death of the valiant King Gustavus Adolphus while we breath Yet what helpe Res est irrevocabilis et quod factum est infectum fieri nequit what is done cannot be recalled and should we mourne like unto those who have no hope Farre be it from us seing it
enemie on walls within Townes or Forts they are very commodious for service providing they resolve to fight well and to abide by their Officers and in my opinion being well led they may beate Musketiers accidently off the Feild and being well lined with shot they are a safeguard against Horsemen having the least advantage of ground Thus much in briefe for the use of the Pike the most honourable of all weapons and my choice in day of battell and leaping a storme or entering a breach with a light brest-plate and a good head-piece being seconded with good fellowes I would choose a good halfe-Pike to enter with CERTAINE OBSERVATIONS VVORTHY THE YOVNGER Officer his consideration being short and practicall for his Highnesse speciall use I. THIS life is a Comedy or a Play wherein every one doth his part we should presse to passe it over with moderate affections that the end be not cruell or dolefull as in Tragedies but full of mirth like a Comedy II. Vnto the Victor the life is sweete and happy but to those that are overcome nothing is more bitter then to put their hopes in their Enemies mercy III. As unto Champions of old lots gave fellowes and not election with whom they should fight so every one of us hath destinâ—s in our times where with to strive IIII. As he who goeth a journy doth reckon the miles so he that hath entred the way of this life shall not determine of his yeares For as from the spring flow the Rivers from the roote the branch so from the first education cometh the rest of mans life And if thou wouldst live truely thou must presse to profit thy country to defend the Common-wealth and to live well without liberty thou must preferre death before ignominious shame or slavery For as this life is Rosie so it hath flowers mixed with thornes the one to be plucked up the other to be eschewed so farre as we may V. It is a part of victory to trouble the enemy before we fight and as it is laudable to overcome an enemy it is no lesse praise worthy to have pitty on the miserable For as courage doth merit infinite glory so the love of all and the good will of all merits mercy and meekenesse VI. The feeble and weake minded man is ever pridfull in prosperity for he thinkes his vertues are such as can maintaine the Fortunes which he hath gotten and thinks still he is able to attaine and acquire more and more but when the tempest of adversity doth arise then is he so farre afraid that he becomes voide of all hopes and this oftentimes is the cause of the suddaine change of his fortunes VII Nothing doth diminish more the publishing of praise then when one continually casteth up his owne successe in actions of warre and oftimes striving to get abundance of honour men show their riches of swelling pride for disdaining his former friends he misknowes his acquaintance pressing to goe before he is greevous or displeasing to all his familiars Our care then should be to want this arrogancy ostentation or pride and pray for humility being more acceptable unto God then detestable pride which is an unprofitable evill a secret poyson a hidden pest the ingenier of deceipt the mother of hypocrisie the parent of envy the beginner of vice the moth of holinesse the blinder of hearts breeding sicknesse out of remedies and begetting langour out of medicine VIII There is ever some fatality incident unto those that desire vaine-glory or ostentation and those that are proud rejecting the prayers of the humble with disdaine they often incurre the indignation of God and fall oft into calamity except they take heede unto themselves IX These spirits are bentest on ambition that are of great and sharpe wits and of high minds being ready to thinke on great matters and to undertake them but Heroicke spirits on the contrary considering the worthy acts of others are stirr'd up unto vertue while as others with glory of succession becoming more insolent and negligent make Tragicall ends being oppressed with small things they die unworthily X. The duty of a good man is to reserve himselfe for the well and use of his country and friends being wary lest he should be lost rashly as my deere and only Brother was who did not neglect his duty neither in word nor deede but to his death served God in his calling though his death was sudden being the condition of mortall men that are still subject unto such changes that oftimes in their greatest prosperity comes adversity and from their adversity their prosperity againe God hiding the cause of both from us It were better then to prevent a wound then out of time to seeke remedy for in the middest of evill is not the time to be merry and those hurts are most which we receive unlooked for Therefore it were much better to prevent then to suffer and it were much better to enter in danger being guarded then out of time to grow pale Vaine then are the counsells of mortall men when we see no humane happinesse to be permanent since the Roots are taken up before they come to maturity except they be confirmed by the divine providence And chiefely in warres as being most uncertaine as we see by the untimely death spoken of but no man can forbid Gods decree Neverthelesse men that through age and long experience have obtained wisdome before they enter in a businesse they should looke unto the event and unto that which by all expectation may happen for it is ever the greatest wisdome to use the present time best we ought then on all occasions we are employed on to strengthen our minds with vertue that we may be safe overcoming all incumbrances that once we have condemned in the judgment seate of wisdome which alwayes is accompanied with praise and glory when we not only equall our selves with those that excelled in vertue but also presse to goe before them XI Wisdome goeth before all other things in esteeme as the most pretious Iewell we can possesse being spread she is gathered given away shee returneth being published groweth greater by her the Noble treasure of conscience is spread unto the secrets of the minde the fruit of inward joy by her is attained unto this is the Sunne wherewith the light of the minde doth shew it selfe and appeare in darknesse being the eye of the heart the delightfull Paradise of the soule the Heaven upon Earth immortall changing man into God through knowledge deifying him this fellow is invincible against all strokes he stirres not a foote for poverty griefe ignominy paine he is afraid of nothing and is ever full of joy merry pleasant and untouched living like a God Who desireth then to be wise and partake of this goodnesse that is so excellent they must not use themselves to vanity but they must thinke on that which is most profitable for them being not forbidden to use bodily exercise moderatly they may
thereafter by our Camerades at Magdeburg XXIII Warres may be taken on by the counsell of sluggards but they must be sustained with the labour and danger of the most valiant as was well seene after Gustavus the invincibles death It was not the Princes confederats or their Consilium was able to doe the turne whose reward to Cavaliers was but paper As their reward was naught so their Consilium turned to nothing and which was worse to contempt except the Director alone who as yet hath kept life in the cause though without their means or assistance and which is more honourable for him he maintaines the warre against them who unworthily have broken their oathes and fidelity having turned their Armes against those who formerly had releeved them to their perpetuall disgrace shame and ignominy having scorned men that had merited well in offering to reward them with paper their punishment is that for their infamy their names shall rot in oblivion Nam ubi orta est culpa ibi poena consistit XXIIII All things here being but humane are unstable and unconstant so that there is nothing sure except true piety and we see our lives bring many things forth contrary to our expectation so that the condition of our humane life containes the first and the last day For it is much to be look't unto with what lucke we did begin and with what we ended We judge him then happy who did receive the light happily and happened to restore it againe pleasantly which that we may doe I humbly crave of God Almighty A short observation of Intelligence necessary for a Commander COnshaft or Intelligence in an Army is so necessary that without it no direction can be given with assurance without it we cannot discerne betwixt our friends and our enemies who are with us or against us which is the first point a Commander hath to know comming in an enemies country Next he ought to know the strength of his enemies Army foote and horse that he may the better dispose of his owne he ought also to know how his enemy is quartred in Garrison Leaguer Field or Doâ—pe and what watch they keepe in all those parts And how farre their horsmen doe lie from their foote and how guarded To have certainty of all this he must have some secret friend with the enemy for giving him secret intelligence and that he should not trust too much in one he must have a subtill Boore now and then frequenting without suspition amongst them as ordinarily his Majesty of worthy memory had likewise it were needfull that they deboished some Secretary on their side for getting the Lists of their Strengths Officers and Souldiers as also for their qualities that he might the better dispose himselfe against them in directing private parties on the wayes they travell to get prisoners and â—ailing thereof to fall on their watch or within their quarters He ought also on all marches to have a knowne Boore with him to acquaint him with all passes or straights on which the enemy can repare to him or from him conferring his land mappe with the Boores intelligence which betime would enable him in knowing all the Passes Likewise he ought to have intelligence out of the enemies Leaguer how they were provided of victualls Amunition or forrage and of their healths if there were any infections amongst them or what sport or recreation they used without their quarters and what streetes they goe on and how they are conveyed striving still to get prisoners for the better intelligence how their Amunition is kept and with what Guards that if it were possible accidentall fire might be set to it and for getting this good of intelligence the chiefe Officers would be liberall to those whom they put in trust seeing without it little good service can be effected and the getting of it is the safety of many Cavaliers and their credits Therefore whether he be defender or pursuer intelligence gives him a kinde of assurance in all his actions and the losse or neglect of it hath robbed many a brave Commander of their fame and credit being surprized through over-â—ight as Gustavus Horne was at Bambricke It was also the losse of Hanâ— and Philipsburg Intelligence then being of such moment it should make Generalls and all Commanders under them according to their qualities and charge to be open handed otherwise it is impossible to subsist long not being surprised Of Recognoscing HAving intelligence of our enemies strength how he lies whether in Quarter Garrison Field or Leaguer then having an exployt to goe on we must recognosce on horse or foote according to the exployt we have before us As if we were to blocke up a Towne with a part of an Armie we must first being accompanied with a few Horsemen recognosce the bounds riding the Circuit short or long from it fore-seeing how to divide our number on the Passes Avenues from or towards the Towne to stop out-fallings or in commings in ordering such Workes and Skonces to be made on the passages as may put us in safetie as well against out-fallings as against their pretended Reliefes to come and our watches one from another must keepe due correspondence by their Centries that none can passe betwixt them without advertising one anothers guard Next being to beleaguer a Towne neere hand we ought to recognosce also neerer having first placed our Armie foote and horse Battell without reach of their Cannon though in their view having first directed our parties of horse to batter the streets without us then the Commander is to ride the circuit of the Towne within shot as neere as he can having another riding at a distance behinde him and having a Boore beside him resolving him of all Questions concerning their Ports their Graffes their Bulworkes where weakest and where the Graffe is shallowest which being knowne he disposeth the Armie on severall Posts where againe the Commanders are to recognosâ—e neerer the walls where they can best lodge their greatest bodie in most safetie where to place their Guard before them and where their Centries as also where to place their Batteries and where to beginne their Approaches which being done they are thought the best fellowes that shew most diligence and least losse to come to the walles the same circumstances are to be observed by any Commander who leads a partie before a Strength or Castle to blocke it or beleaguer it having Cannon Pittards and fire-workes with sufficient men and furniture belonging to the Artillerie that can discharge their duties as they are directed by the Commander of the partie who must see to all things himselfe that it be well done as in speciall to the placing of his Batteries and in ordering all things to be brought to the Batteries that arâ— needfull by the Souldiers commanded out to attend the workes beside the guard of the Cannon and of the workemen he must also be very vigilant in visiting the Approaches Batteries and
Colonell Lodowicke Lesly his Regiment praised Page 112 Letter I. Colonell Worbrane an Austreker Freher Governour of Donavert Page 116 Letter O. Company that are good ought to be conversed with that we may savour of their goodnesse Page 123 Letter E. No Crime before God more abominable then to glory in sin Page 170 Letter F. Colonell Hepburn and his Briggad sent before his Majesty to guard the Passage at Munchen Page 125 Letter G. The whole Compend of wit requisit for a Commander in his Majesty of Sweden Page 127 Letter K. The Cantons of Switzerland gave obedience to his Majesties letters Page 112 Letter L. The Castle of Papenhaim Aichstat and Tilligen brought all under contribution to the Swedes Page 129 Letter M. Conjunction made by his Majesty with Nurenberg and the reasons of it Page 132 Letter S. Colonell Montelaban and other officers killed by the Swedes at Wiâ—esloch Page 139 Letter D. Colonell Doubattle destroyes the Emperiall Magazen at Freestat in the upper Paltz Page 144 Letter M. Colonell Rhee killed on the party at Bosbowre in the upper Paltz Page 145 Letter N. A Captaine throwing off his doublet on hot service rewarded by his Majesty of Sweden Page 146 Letter O. Cptaine Patrike Ennis slaine at Nurenberg Page 149 Letter T. Captâ—ine Traile and Captaine Vausse both Scots shot through the necke at Nurenberg and lived Page 149 Letter T. Cannon first invented as it is thought at Nurenberg Page 151 Letter W. Courtesie and humility in a King is the Gem of his Crowne Page 162 Letter S. Colonell Lodowike Lesly his Regiment praised for their Carriage at Leitzen Page 164 Letter X. Colonell Folwe shot before Landsberg Page 171 Letter H. The Chancellor Oxensterne after the Kings death made offer to the Duke of Saxon to be Director-Generall over the Army Page 172 Letter I. Cavaliers that leads others ought to entertaine the affection of those who served bravely lest being disdained they might turne their Armes the contrary way Page 174 Letter N. Captaine Bruntfield and Quartermaster Sandelens sent Prisoners to Lindaw Page 177 Letter R. Colonells three made a brave retreit at Minderkin on the Danube Page 177 Letter S. The Conclusion of the meeting at Hailbron Page 178 Letter V. Colonell Monro of Obstell his Regiment reduced at Heidelberg on the Necker after his death Page 178 Letter V. Colonell Monro of Foules dead and buried at Vlme on the Danube Page 178 Letter V. Colonell Monro of Foules happy in his death Page 180 Letter Z. Colonell Monro of Obstell though untimely slaine was made welcome to heaven through Christ his Redeemer Page 180 Letter D. Death ought ever to be before our eyes that we might the better contemn externall things putting us in mind of what is able to profit the soule Page 7 Letter N. The Duke of Savelly defended Damaine but slightly Page 19 Letter A. Disdaine or contempt should be the only thing to divert our hearts from forraine service Page 22 Letter E. Doubatle his Dragoniers and my Musketiers were kept warme on service before Landsberg Page 39 Letter E. Many will Desire to be partakers of our good fortunes who never minded to taste the bitter cup of our adversity Page 44 Letter N. The Difference betwixt Generalls is much to be observed at Werben Page 56 Letter H. The Duty of a Generall described and his properties Page 57 Letter I. The Duty of true piety ought to be observed by the Leaders of Armies Page 58 Letter K. The Discoverers of the Enemies plots and counsells ought to be well rewarded Page 41 Letter H. Though a man be Doubtfull in advising yet in action he ought to be confident Page 60 Letter M. The Duke of Saxon terrified by the example of Madeburg offered his service to his Majesty of Sweden Page 61 Letter O. The Duke of Saxons Army most complete in shew Page 61 Letter P. He Dieth well in my opinion that dieth standing serving his King and country for he merits Fame after death leaving good example to posterity Page 70 Letter C. Duke Anhault made Statholder at Hall Page 76 Letter P. Duke William of Wymar appointed Statholder at Ereford Page 76 Letter Q. Duringland most fertile for corne Page 101 Letter S. Duke Ernest of Wymar made Statholder of Francony Page 78 Letter T. A most Difficult passage alongst a planke over the Maine Page 80 Letter X. The Difference betwixt Cavaliers marching under an Army and gentle men Travellers Page 8â— Letter K. The Duty of an Officer is to Râ—cognosce well Page 92 Letter V. Nothing Disconâ—ents a worthy man more then to be rewarded like Cowards Page 96 Letter B. When the Diligent is disappointed of his hire tiâ— hard being rewarded with injury that did merit well Page 96 Letter B. The Duty of an Officer leading a party Page 98 Letter E. Thirty thousand Duckets found in a Cannon at Munchen Page 125 Letter G. E. Ensigne Greame gave slight quarters at Brandenburg Page 23 Letter G. English Merchants commended for their charity to Souldiers Page 46 Letter Q. Great Execution made by his Majesties Cannon at Leipsigh the second cause of the victory Page 68 Letter Y. Externall shew profits little without the inward gifts of the minde Page 71 Letter D. The long Expectation of our happinesse makes our joyes the more welcome Page 72 Letter F. An Exhortation to all worthy Cavaliers of the British Nation Page 93 Letter X. The Evangelists sparing their meanes suffered the publique to be neare lâ—st being since beaten with their owne weapons Page 106 Letter X. Engolstat on the Danube a sure retreite for the Emperialists Page 112 Letter I. Engolstat really fortified and well provided thought impregnable by the Swedes Page 121 Letter Z. Experience gives confidence in the greatest extremity and graces our behaviour Page 130 Letter N. The Enemy hath great advantage at Nurenberg which was the losse of many brave Officers Page 148 Letter S. Errour in counsell and unhappy successe commonly are the punishments of the proud Warrier Page 158 Letter K. An Exhortation for Souldiers to mourne for sinne Page 168 Letter A. Ensigne Murrey slaine with the Cannon before Lâ—nceberg Page 172 Letter I. The Emulation of vertue betwixt friends commendable Page 174 Letter O. The Evâ—nts of Kings projects and intentions availe nothing till they acknowledge them to come from the fountaine God Page 60 Letter N. An Example notable of the rare vertue of Souldiers wives Page 26 Letter L. F. The Foresight of a Commander availes much in preventing his Enemies designes Page 10 Letter O. Factious and seditious Officers ought carefully to be avoyded by the wise Commander Page 13 Letter T. Felt-marshall Tiffenbacke with his Collegues escaped at Francfurt Page 34 Letter Y. Felt-marshall Tiffenbacke discommended for timidity Page 36 Letter Q. Felt-marshall Horne with the Finnâ—s Horsemen made the charge which put the Enemy to flight at Leipsigh Page 66 Letter W. If the Fruit be honest and good we neede not