to make unto you but to speak to the Cooper to give every one of you a good Cup of Sack and so God blesse us Here was a speech indeed that was Short and Sweet that had somthing following it to make it most savoury that it might be tasted as well as heard Mine was verbal without any such relish and therefore I for 〈…〉 r to insert it The morning come we found the Caraque so close to the Shore and the nearest if our ships at least a league off that we held our hands for that day expecting when she would weigh her Ankers and stand off to Sea a fitter place to deal wiâ—h her And that afternoon we chested our late slain Commander putting some great shot with him into it that he might presently sink and without any Ceremony of Guns c. usual upon such loccasions because our enemy should take no notice put him overboardgainst the Iland of Mohilâ—a whore he made his own Grave as all dead bodies do buried not in dust but water which shall one day as well as the earth give up its deâ—d Rev. 20 13 when all the bodies of men since the woâ—ld began that haveâ— tasted Death in their several generations however after death they have been bestowed wheresoever laid up shall be raised again And though all would not yet all must A little before night that present day the Caraque departed again to Sea we all loosed our Ankers opened our Sayles and â—ollowed The day now left us and our proud Adversary unwilling as it should seem to escape put forth a light as before for us to follow him as afterward we did to purpose The night wellâ—â—gh 〈…〉 spent we commended again our selves and cause to God when I observed more seeming devotion in our Sea-men that morning than at any time before or after while I kept them company who for the generality are such a kind of people that nothing will bow them to bring them on their knees but extream Hazads When this exercise was ended the day began to appear in a red maâ—ntâ—l which prov'd bloudâ— unto many that beheld it And now we entred upon a second encounter our four ships resolving to take their turns one after the other that we might compel this proud Portugal either to bend or break But before I shall give an account of our further engagement I will take notice of two accidents which to me seemed very observable and exemplary the first this there was one in our ship whose Sir name was Raven a servant to our late slain Commander who immedâ—ately before we began to engage came to me and told me that he had a very great desire to follow his Master with what mind he spake this I know not but if hea 〈…〉 ly and with desire his speech was very all for if it be an extreme madnesse for a man to intreat God to take away the life of his Beast much more to request him to take away his own Life But whatsoever his Petition was in respect of his inward desire it pleased Maâ—ghev God presently to answer him herein by the first great Shot that came from the E 〈…〉 my which strook off his Head Aman may hope to speed well that knows how to Petiâ—â—on well but by the Righteous â—udgment of God it oftentimes fall out that such unadvised requests meet with a return of most sad and unwelcome answers There was another a Taylor but not in our ship who while the Company he sailed with were engaged brought his pressing iron to one of the Gunners and desired him to put it into a Peece of Ordnance already laden telling him that he would send it as a token to the Portugals withall swearing that he would never work again at his trade it pleased God immediately after to sentence him out of his own mouth and to let his tongue to fall upon himself for that great Peece was no sooner discharged but a great Bullet was returned from the enemy which strook him dead And now Reader thou mayest suppose us speaking again to our adversary and he to us in the harshest and lowdest of all Dialects no arguments being so strong as those that proceed from the mouths of Guns and Points of Swords Our Charles the Admiral played her part first and eâ—e she had been at defyance with her enemy half an hower there came another great shot from him which hitting against one of our iron Peeces mounted on our half Deck brak into many little parts which most dangerously wounded our New Commander and the Master of our ship with three others beside who received several hurts by it Captain Pepwels left Eye by a glance of a Peecâ— of that broken bullet was so Torn that it lay like Raggs upon his cheek another hurt by a peece of the same bullet he received on his Jaw-bone and by another on his Head and a fourth hurt he received in his Leg a ragged peece of that broken shot sticking fast betwixt the two bones thereof grating there upon an Artery which seemed by his complayning to afflict him so much that it made him take very little notice of all the rest of his Hurts it being most true of bodily Pains that the extremity of a greater pain will not suffer a man much to feel and complain of that which is lesse as that tormenâ—ing pain by the Toot-ach makes a man insensible of the a king of his head and when the Gout and Stone surprise the Body at once together the torture by the Gout is as it were lost in the extremity of the Stone And thus was our new Commander welcomed to his Authority we all thought that his wounds would very suddainly have made an end of him but he lived till about fourteen Moneths after and then Dyed as he was returning for England I told you before that this man suffered not alone by the scattered peeces of that broken shot for the Master of the Ship had a great peece of the Brawn of his Arm strook off by it which made him likewise unserviceable for a time and three other of the Common sailers received several and dangerous hurts by it likewise The Captain and Master both thus disabled deputed their Authority to the chief Masters mate who behaved himself resolutely and wisely so we continued Alternis vicibus one after the other shooting at our adversary as at a But and by three of the clock in the after noon had shot down Her Main-mast by the board her Mizen-masts her fore top mast and moreover had made such breaches in her thick sides that her case seemed so desperate as that she must either yeild or perish Her Captain thus distressed stood in for the shore being not far â—rom the Iland of Gaziaia we pursued as sar as we durst without hazard of Ship wrack then we sent off a Boat with a flag of â—â—uce to speak with him He waved us with another upon which Mr. â—onnick our
World Another after in hope of Fame burnt it Whither will not the thirst of Fame carry men It hath made some seek to climbe up to Heaven though by a wrong way Thus the Builders of Babel say one to another Let us build us a City and a Tower whose top may reach up to Heaven and let us make us a Name Gen. 11. 4 And it hath made others who are penurious of their Honour and prodigal of their Souls not fear to run down headlong into Hell 'T was Fame without doubt that stirred up this man unto these voluntary but hard undertakings and the Hope of that Glory which he should reap after he had finished his long Travels made him not at all to take notice of the hardship he found in them That hope of name and repute for the time to come did even feed and feast him for the time present And therefore any thing that did in any measure eclipse him in those high conceivings of his own worth did too too much trouble him which you may collect from these following instances Upon a time one Mr. Richard Steel a Merchant and servant to the East-India Company came unto us from Surat to Mandoa the place then of the Mogol's residence of which place somewhat more hereafter at which time Mr. Coryat was there with us This Merchant had not long before travelled over-land from East-India through Persia and so to Constantinople and so for England who in his travel homeward had met with Tom Coryat as he was journeying towards East-India Mr. Steel then told him that when he was in England King James then living enquired after him and when he had certified the King of his meeting him on the way the King replied Is that Fool yet living which when our Pilgrim heard it seemed to trouble him very much because the King spake no more nor no better of him saying that Kings would speak of poor men what they pleased At another time when he was ready to depart from us my Lord Embassadour gave him a Letter and in that a Bill to receive ten pounds at Aleppo when he should return thither The Letter was directed unto Mr. Libbeus Chapman there Consul at that time in which that which concerned our Traveller was thus Mr. Chapman when you shall hand these Letters I desire you to receive the Bearer of them Mr. Thomas Coryat with curtesy for you shall find him a very honest poor Wretch and further I must intreat you to furnish him with ten pounds which shall be repayed c. Our Pilgrim likâ—d tho gift well but the language by which he should have received it did not at all content him telling me That my Lord had even spoyled his curtesy in the carriage thereof so that if he had been a very Fool indeed he could have said very little less of him than he did Honest poor Wretch and to say no more of him was to say as much as nothing And furthermore he then told me that when he was formerly undertaking his journey to Venice a Person of Honour wrote thus in his behalf unto Sir Henry Wottâ—n then and there Embassodour My Lord Good Wine needs no Bush neither a Worthy man Letters Commendatory because whithersoever he comes he is his own Epistle c. There said he was some language on my behalf but now for my Lord to write nothing of me by way of Commendation but Honest poor Wretch is rather to trouble me than to please me with his favour And therefore afterwards his Letter was phras'd up to his mind but he never liv'd to receive the money By which his old acquaintance may see how tender this poor man was to be touched in any thing that might in the least measure disparago him O what pains this poor man took to make himself a Subject for present and after discourse being troubled at nothing for the present unless with the fear of not living to reap that fruit he was so ambitious of in all his undertakings And certainly he was surprized with some such thoughts and fears for so he told us afterwards when upon a time he being at Mandoa with us and there standing in a room against a stone Pillar where the Embassadour was and my self present with them upon a sudden he fell into such a swoon that we had very much ado to recover him out of it but at last come to himself he told us that some sad thoughts had immediately before presented themselves to his Fancy which as he conceived put him into that distemper like Fannius in Martial Ne moriare mori to prevent death by dying For he told us that there were great Expectations in England of the large Accounts he should give of his Travels after his return home and that he was now shortly to leave us and he being at present not very well if he should dye in the way toward Surat whither he was now intended to go which place he had not as yet seen he might be buried in Obscurity and none of his Friends ever know what became of him he travelling now as he usually did alone Upon which my Lord willed him to stay longer with us but he thankfully refused that offer and turned his face presently after towards Surat which was then about three hundred miles distant from us and he lived to come safely thither but there being over-kindly used by some of the English who gave him Sack which they had brought from England he calling for it as soon as he first heard of it and crying Sack Sack Is there such a thing as Sack I pray give me some Sack and drinking of it though I conceive moderately for he was a very temperate man it increased his Flux which he had then upon him and this caused him within a few daies after his very tedious and troublesome Travels for he went most on foot at this place to come to his Journies end for here he overtook Death in the Month of December 1617. and was buried as a foresaid under a little Monument like one of those are usually made in our Church-yards On which he should have been remembred by this or the like Epitaph if it could have been there engraved upon his Tombe Here lies the Wanderer of his age Who living did rejoyce Not out of need but choyce To make his life a Pilgrimage He spent full many pretious daies As if he had his being To wast his life in seeing More thought to spend to gain him Praise Some weaknesses appear'd his stains Though some seem very wise Some yet are otherwise Good Gold may be allow'd its Grains Many the Places which he ey'd And though he should have been In all parts yet unseen His eye had not been satisfi'd To fill it when he found no Room By the choyce things he saw In Europe and vast Asia Fell blinded in this narrow Tombe Sic exit Coryatus Hence he went off the Stage and so must all after
of round grain they call Donna somewhat bigger than our Tares which they give not unto them drye but boyl'd and mingled with some corse sugar amongst it and when it is cold give it them made up in round Balls which they put into their mouths as if they cramb'd them and sometimes they put a little Butter into these bals to scour their bodyes Their choyse good horses are valued there at as dear if not an higher rate than those we esteem most of in England are prized with us They make excellent Sadles and some of them of great value adorned with handsome and rich trapings all of them very easy both for the horse and his rider They manage their horses with strong snafles whose reigns and head-stalls are made suitable to their Saddles and Trapings The Elephants in this vast Monarchy are very numerous and though they be the largest and that by far of all the Creatures the earth brings forth yet are they so tractable unless at some times when the Males are mad of which more afterward as that a boy of twelve years old is able to rule the biggest of them in which we may in a speciall manner read a Comment on that truth which tells us how that the Lord hath put the fear of man upon all the creatures here below even upon the greatest of them as well as the least Thou makest him saith David Psal 8 6 7. to have domixion over the works of thy hands thou hast put all things under his feet all sheep and Oxen yea and the beasts of the field c. Now if Almighty God should let loose the Creatures upon man if he should let go those reigns by which they restrained and suffer the Creatures to renounce their obedience to man when man throws off his yoak of obedience to God what mischief might not those vast overgrown Creatures do in those parts where there are so many of them nay What mischief might not any other Creatures do even the least of them as the Locust and Canker-worm and Catterpillar c. which are called Gods great Army Joel 2. 25. If God should give them Commission to put themselves in Battel-aray and to march forth to vex and annoy the Nations of the earth We may read Ex. 8. how that all the Power that Pharaoh and Egypt were able to make could not guard and defend them from the incursions made upon them and mischiefs done to them by Froggs and Lice and Flyes There are spirits which are Created for vengeance saith Syracidos c. as the teeth of wild beasts and Scorpions and Serpents punishing the wicked to destruction they rejoyce to do Gods Commandement c. If Almighty God should free the Creatures from their subjection they would be able with their Horns and Hoofs and Fangs and Teeth and Beaks and Claws and stings which are their natural Artillerie exceedingly to annoy if not to destroy man from the face of the Earth But for the Elephants I have begun to speak of they are very huge vast overgrown Creatures some of whem which I have seen I conceive at the least twelve foot high but there are amongst them as they say fourteen or fifteen foot in height The colour of them all is black their skins thick and smooth without hair They have full eyes but not proportionable to their great bodys they have eares like our Oxen but not exceeding large and those eares edged as it were about with a short hair-fringe and at the end of their tayls which are slender and not very long there growes some hair likewise and a little on their eyelids but no where els about their bodyes The feet of the Elephants look like the trunks of small trees cut square off from their roots round about which there are thick and short and broad claws growing Some that write of them have abused the world with this tradition that they have no joints in their leggs and therefore stand when they sleep against trees to hold them up which is all very false for they ly down and arise again at their pleasure as other beasts do Their motion is not swift a walking rather than a pace about three miles at the most an hour but of all heasts that carry burdens they are most sure of foot for they never fall nor yet stumble to endanger their Rider They are most docile creatures and of all those we account meerly sensible come neerest unto reason Lipsius in his Epistles Cent. 1. Epist 50. out of his observation from others writes more of them than I can confirm or any I perswade my self believe yet many things most remarkable which seem indeed to be acts of reason rather than sense I have observed in them for instance an Elephant will doe any thing his keeper Commands him as if he bid him to affright a man he will make towards him as if he meant to tread him into peeces but when he is come at him do him no hurt at all so if he would have him to abuse or to disgrace a man he will take dirt or dust or kennel-water into his Trunk and dash it on his face Their Trunks are grisly snouts of a great length hanging down betwixt their long teeth which teeth nature hath given them for their defence otherwise they are of little use to them In their Trunks they have such marvellous strength that by them they can do very much mischief for if they strike an Horse or Camel or any other the like beast with them as sometimes they do when as they are mad they will so break their bones as that they will spoyl nay kill them at one blow and much more a man if he chance to come in their way Those Trunks of the Elephants are to them as an hand by which they â—eed themselves and make great use of them otherwise upon all occasions for with those Trunks they tear off bowghs from trees by winding them about them and after with them put boughs into their mouths and eat the tenderest parts of them With these they pull up green corn if they be suffered and grass by the roots and then against their leggs beat off the earth and dust that hangs about them before they eat thereof Thus they deal with sedgs or weeds which they find in the water first washing off the dirt which hangs on the roots thereof and then down they go into their vast bellyes The Elephants delight much to bathe themselves in water in which when they find depth enough they swim as well as any other Creatures I observed before that the male Elephants when they grow lusty are sometimes mad for their Femals but in few dayes come again in temper before which time they are so mischievous that they will strike any thing but their Keepers that comes in their way and their strength is such as before I observ'd that there is no blow they give which lights either upon men or beast but
carryes death with it At those times to prevent mischief they are kept apart from Company fetterd with strong chaines unto trees but if by chance in their phrensie they get loose as sometimes they do they will make after every thing they see stir in which case they have no means to stop them in their violent course but by firing of Crackers made of Gunpowder whose sparkling and noyse makes them to stand still and tremble When those creatures are in that mad distemper they sweat much which makes their savour exceeding rank and filthy like that ill smel of a Boaâ— when he is fatting in his Stye but by much more strong and more offensive than that An English Merchant there of good credit upon his own knowledge reported this thing which followes and is very observable of an Elephant in Adsmeer the place then of the Mogols residence who being brought often through the Bazar or Market place a woman who usually sat there to sell herbs was wont to give this great Elephant an handfull as he many times passed by this Elephant after being mad brake his fetters and took his way through that Bazar the people being all of them much affrighted made hast to secure themselves by getting out of his way amongst whom was this herb-woman who for fear and hast forgot her little Child which she had brought thither the Elephant came to the place where this woman usually sate stopt and seeing a little Child lying there about her herbs took it up gently with his Trunk not doing it the least harm and presently after layd it down upon the stall of an house that was hard by and then proceeded on in his furious course Acosta a Jesuit relates the like of an Elephant in Goa from his own experience The Elephant though he be vast and terrible yea and cruell too when he is set to do mischief or when he is mad yet otherwise is a tame gentle Creature so that the dread of this huge beast most appears to the eyes But notwithstanding his terribleness I once there saw a Creature compared with an Elephant not much bigger than a small Fish compared with a Whale boldly to encounter one of them The occasion by which this so came to pass offers it self thus that year I went for East-India the Merchants here as from the King of England in whose name they sent all their presents amongst many other things then sent the Mogol some great English Mastives and some large Irish Greyhounds in all to the number of eight dispersed in our severall ships one of those high spirited Mastives in our voyage thither upon a day seeing a great Shoale or company of Porpisces before described mounting up above the waves and coming toward that ship wherein he was suddenly lept over-board to encounter with them before any did take notice of that fierce creature to prevent that engagement wherein he was irrecoverably lost the ship then having such a fresh gale of winde that she could not suddenly slack her course whereby that poor creature might have been preserved Another one of the Irish Greyhounds had his head shot off in our fight The Mange was the destruction of four more of them only two of the Mastives came alive to East-India and they were carried up each of them drawn in a little Coach when I went up to the Embassador that he might present them to the Mogol The fiercest of these two in our way thither upon a time breaking loose fell upon a very large Elephant that was hard by us fastning his teeth in the Elephants Trunk and kept his hold there a good while which made that huge beast extremely to roare and though the Elephant did swing the Mastive up and down above ground many times as not feeling his weight that he might throw him off yet he could not suddenly do it but at last freeing himself from the dog by throwing him a good space from him theâ—e came a Mungrill Curr of that Countrey towards our Mastive who then lost this his most unequal match fell upon that dog and kild him by which means we recovered our Mastive again into our custody he having not received any apparent hurts by which we may see how much Courage and Mettle there is in those right fierce Mastives This storie pleased the Mogol very much when the dogs were presented to him and he allowed each of them four attendants of those Natives to wait upon them who by turnes two and two together carried them up and down with him in Palankees after described to which they were tyed and the other two went by them fanning the flyes from off them and the King caused a pair of silver â—ongs to be made on purpose that with them when he pleased he might feed those dogs with his own hand But this story by the way The Mogol hath many of his great Elephants train'd up for the war who carry each of them one iron gun about five foot long lying upon a strong frame of wood made square that is fitted to a thick broad Pannel fastned about him with very strong and broad Girses or Girts The gun like an Harquebush hath a peece of iron like a Musket-rest fastned on the sides thereof made loose to play up and down The bottome of that Iron Rest so fixed is long to be let through that frame of wood on the foreside and so to be keyed in at the bottom At the four corners of this frame are small flags of silk with sundry devices painted on them put upon little neat coloured staves upon the neck of the Elephant sits a man to guide him and within the frame a Gunner to make his shot as he finds occasion The peece thus mounted carrves a bullet about the bigness of a Tennis Ball. Some Elephants the King keeps for the execution of Malefactors the manner how followes in Section 23. And some he keeps to carry himself and women and some Elephants are kept for State of which more when I shall come to speak more particularly of the great Mogol Other Elephants are there imployed for the carrying of burdens their strength being so great as that they will bear a marvailous weight The Elephants are all governed with a small rod of steel about half a yard long made sharp on the lower end and towards that end there is an hook returned life a fish-hook that is very sharp likewise by which their Riders sitting on their necks pull them back or prick them forward at their pleasure These vast Creatures though the Countrey be exceeding fruitfull and all provisions in it cheap yet by reason of their huge bulk if they be well kept and fed are very chargeable in keeping they are kept usually under the shade of great trees where by a strong chain of iron upon one of their hinde leggs they fasten them And as they stand the abundance of flyes vex them and therefore with their fore-feet they make dust the
are made after this fashion for prospect as well as pleasure After this manner as it appeares in the sacred storie the Jewes were wont to build for David from the Roof of his house 2 Sam. 11. 2. espies an object c. such a one as if God had not been very mercifull was sufficient to have undone him for ever as they write of the Basilisk that it kills by sight By the way let me here further adde that Davids eyes thus wandred to fetch home a temptation immediatly after he had risen from the bed of idlleness and ease for while he was imployed in business he was innocent and safe The industrious have not such leisure to sin as the idle have who have neither leisure nor power to avoid it Exercise as it is wholesome for the body even so for the soul The remission whereof breeds diseases in both David from the roof of his house sees Bathsheba when probably she saw not him lust is quick-sighted David had no sooner seen that object but his eyes presently betray and recoyl upon his Heart smiting it with sinfull desires which made him to covet her and presently to send for her that he might enjoy her That which David here did and afterward grievously repents for so doing shall one day be the wofull song of many a wretched soul as the Lascivious mans song the Covetous mans song the song of Theeves Idolaters Gluttons Drunkards as of others I saw I coveted I took for all these receive their death by their eye There Bathsheba was washing herself from her uncleaness and presently after in an Adulterous bed became more unclean than ever she was before never was Bathsheba more foul than when she was newly washed the worst of nature being cleanliness to the best of Sin But I proceed Those houses of two stories have many of them very large upper roomes which have many double doores in the sides of them like those in our Balconies to open and let in fresh air which is likewise conveyed in unto them by many lesser lights made in the walls of those roomes which are always free and open The use of glass windows or any other shuttings being not known there nor in any other very hot Countreyes Neither have they any Chimneyes in their buildings because they never make any use of fire but to dress their food which fire they make against some firm wall or without their Tents against some bank of Earth as remoâ—e as may be from the places where they use to keep that they may receive no annoyance from the heat thereof It is their manner in many places to plant about and amongst their buildings trees which grow high and broad the shadow whereof keeps their houses by far more cool this I observed in a special manner when we were ready to enter Amadavar for it appeared to us as if we had been entring a Wood rather than a City That Amadavar is a very large and populous City entred by many fair Gates girt about with an high and thick Wall of Brick which mounts above the topps of their houses without which wall there are no suburbs Most of the houses within the City are of Brick and very many of them ridged covered with tiles But for their houses in their Aldeas or Villages which stand very thick in that Country they are generally very poor and base All those Countrey dwellings are set up close together for I never observed any house there to stand single and alone Some of their houses in those villages are made with earthen walls mingled with straw set up immediatly after their Raines and having a long season after to dry them throughly stand firm and so continue they are built low and many of them flat but for the generality of those Countrey Villages the Cottages in them are miserably poor little and base so that as they are built with a very little charge set up with sticks rather than Timber if they chance to fire as many times they do for a very little they may be reedified Those who inhabit the Countrey Villages are called Coolees these till the ground and breed up Cattel and other things for provision as Henns c. These they who plant the Sugar the Cotten-wooll and Indico c. for their Trades and manifactures they are kept in Cities and Towns about which are their choicest fruits planted In their Cities and Towns without their dwellings but fix't to them are pend-houses where they shew and sell their provisions as bread and flower-Cakes made up with Sugar and fruits and other things and there they shew their manifactures and other Commodities some of which they carry twice every day to sell in the Bazar or Market I saw two houses of the Mogols one at Mandoa the other at Amadaver which appeared large and stately built of excellent stone well squared and put together each of them taking up a large compass of ground but we could never see how they were contrived within because there are none admitted strangers or others to have a sight of those houses while the Kings wives and women are there which must not be seen by any but by himself and his servants the Eunuchs The Mogols Palace Royal is at Agra his Metropolis of which more afterward but for the present I shall take a little notice of a very curious Groâ— I saw belonging to his house at Mandoa which stood a small distance from it for the building of which there was a way made into a firm Rock which shewed it self on the side of an Hill Canopied over with part of that Rock It was a place that had much beauty in it by reason of the Curious work-manship bestowed on it and much pleasure by reason of its cooleness That City Mandoa I speak of is situated upon a very high mountain the to whereof is flat and plain and specious From all parts that lye about it but one the ascent is very high and steep and the way to us seemed exceeding long for we were two whole dayes Climbing up the Hill with our Cariages vvhich vve got up vvith very much difficulty not far from the bottom of vvhich Hill vve lodged at a great tovvn called Achabar-pore vvhere vve ferried over a broad River as vve did in other places for I observed no bridges made there over any of their Rivers vvhere their high-vvayes lye That Hill on vvhich Mandoa stands is stuckround as it vvere vvith fair trees that keep their distance so one from and belovv the other that there is much delight in beholding them either from the bottom or top of that Hill In those vast and far extended woods there are Lions Tygres and other beasts of Prey and many wild Elephants We lay one night in that wood with our Carriages and those Lions came about us discovering themselves by their Roaring but we keeping a very good fire all night they came not neer enough to hurt either
other cause yet because he is a man is more to be valued than all the Crystal cups in the world And doubtlesse he deserves not the name of a man who knows not how to value a man But how is mankinde in these last ages of the world become degenerate and wilde from that which Nature first shaped it unto For man was made in the beginning to man as Moses was made to Aron Ex. 4. 16. in some sense a God for succour and comfort but how contrary to this rule do most men walk so that we may justly complain with that noble and virtuous French-man Philep Morney saying what is more rare amongst men than to finde a man that is as he interprets himself amongst men how many beasts are there for want of the use of reason and for not using reason well how many Devils Lions saith Pliniâ— fight not against Lions Serpents bite not Serpents but the most mischief man sustains comes from man Thou art deceived saith Seneca if thou givest credit unto the looks of those that meet thee who have the faces of men but the qualities of wilde beasts Some like the Crocodiles of Nilus that can flatter and betray weep and murder cry and kill Oh how hath mankinde in these latter ages justified the madness of the most savage and untractable beasts and steel'd their affections with more cruelty than ever Lions or Serpents could learn in the wildernes But certainly that crying clamouring sin of bloud or murther unlesse it be washed away with a floud of tears issuing from a bleeding and a broken heart and died into another colour by the bloud of Christ will in conclusion bring woe and misery enough upon them that shed it For there was never any drop of innocent bloud spilt upon the earth from the bloud of righteous Abel to this present hour or that shall be shed so long as there are men and malice and mischief in the world but it swells as big as the Ocean Sea in the eyes of God and cannot be washed away by all the waters therein And further neither the heat of the Sun nor the dust of the ground shall ever be able to drie and drink it up till it be either avenged or pardoned unlesse the earth and heavens and all that are therein can be bribed to keep silence and to take no notice thereof Without all doubt when God shall make inquisition for bloud he will remember for he that bottles up the tears of his poor people cannot forget their bloud Whence it comes to passe by the righteous judgement of Almighty God that they who delight in bloud have usually enough of it before they die or if bloud do not touch bloud for the present it will deny a man 〈◊〉 peace after the fact committed Had Zimâ—â— peace who slew his Master 2 King 9 31. no he had no peace no more have any guilty of that sin if their consciences be not for the present â—oof'â— over if the mouth of them be not for the present bung'd up But as it was in that first plague of Egypt wherein Pharaoh and the Egyptians were smitten all their waters in their Rivers Ponds and Pools as in their Vessels of wood stone were changed into bloud So in the minde and conscience of a murtherer there usually remains a plague of bloud His eyes shall behold no other colour but Sanguine as if the air were died into it The visions of his head in the night shall cast a boul of bloud in his face all the cogitations and thoughts of his heart shall overflow with the remembrance of that bloud he hath spilt The consideration of which methinks should be enough to trouble and affright men that lie under the guilt of this sin if they fear either guilt or conscience which will first or last fly in their faces Plutarch writing de serâ numinis vindictâ of the late but sure revenges executed upon men by divine justice hath this story of the Delphians who made no scruple to murder Aesop amongst them but after this when they were most grievously plagued by variety of heavy judgements they who had imbrued their hands in his bloud walked up and down in all the publick assemblies of Greece and caused this to be proclaimed by noise of Criars that whosoever would should be avenged on them for Aesops death They believing themselves the procurers of those plagues which were then upon them Deus patiens redditor God is a patient rewarder whose revenges are slow but sure Fortis â—st Deus Deus retributionum Jet 51. 56. the Lord God of recompences shall surely requite who is many times long before he strike but tarditatem supplicii gravitate compensat the severity of his justice shall at last make a full amends for the slownesse thereof 'T is sad to consider that Heathens as before was observed should have so much tendernesse in their Nature and any bearing the names of Christians so much cruelty that Heathens should make so much scruple in taking away the lives of base inferiour Creatures of those which are not onely uselesse but offensive and men called Christians so forward by wayes of violence to cut off the lives of men never enquiring into the justice of their quarrel but the rate of their pay and as if their own lives and the bloud of others were not worth the valuing will adventure to kill or be kill'd for a dayes wages Thus making havock of men as fearfully made as dearly redeemed as tenderly cherished brought up as themselves yet occidendi causa occidunt they kill because they take pleasure in killing and are no more troubled at the death of a man than if a Dog had fallen before them 'T is true that Lions will tear and Dogs will bark and bite and Serpents will sting because it is in their nature so to do yet men Christians must do otherwise and not make the slaughters of men of multitudes of people professing Christ delightfull arguments of their ordinary discourse or Table talk as if it were a relation that had pleasure in it as if there were no difference 'twixt the cutting down of men and the mowing of Straw and Stubble I confesse that when men have an immediate commission from God to execute vengeance on those he would have destroyed they may do execution with boldnesse without pity or regret for it is as great a fault to spare when God bids destroy for he wrongs the innocent who spares the guâ—lty for which very thing Saul payes dear 1 Sam. 15. as to destroy when God bids spare The Israelites had such a Commission often granted and renewed for the rooting out of those Nations which God would have grubb'd up root and branch and then they were to destroy without pity But afterward that people because they did so much abuse their prosperity and successe and after both their peace they perish themselves by the Sword of War Jerusalem had many-many
my part I might have seen it to but that I had rather go a great way not to see then one step to behold such a sight After the example of that King his Governours deputed and set over Provinces and Cities proceed in the course of Justice to impose what punishment and death they please upon all offendors and malefactors That King never suffers any of his Vicegerents to tarry long in one place of Government but removes them usually after they have exercised that power which was given unto them in one place for one year unto some other place of Government remote from the former wherein they exercise their power and this that King doth that those which be his Substitutes may not in any place grow Popular I told them before that this people are very neat shaving themselves so often as that they feel the Rasor almost every day but when that King sends any of them unto any place of Government or upon any other imployment they cut not their hair at all till they return again into his presence as if they desired not to appear beautifull or to give themselves any content in this while they live out of the Kings sight and therefore the King as soon as he sees them bids them cut their hair When the Mogol by Letters sends his commands to any of his Governours those papers are entertain'd with as much respect as if himself were present for the Governour having intelligence that such Letters are come near him himself with other inferiour Officers ride forth to meet the Patamar or messenger that brings them and as soon as he sees those Letters he alights from his horse falls down on the earth and then takes them from the messenger and layes them on his head whereon he binds them fast and then returning to his place of publick meeting for dispatch of businesses he reads them and answers their contents with all care and diligence The King oft times in his own person and so his substitutes appointed Governours for Provinces and Cities Judge in all matters Criminal that concern life and death There are other Officers to assist them which are called Cut-walls whose Office is like that of our Sheriffs in England and these have many substitutes under them whose businesse it is to apprehend and to bring before these Judges such as are to be tried for things Criminal or Capital where the Offender as before knows presently what will become of him And those Officers wait likewise on other Judges there which are called Cadees who onely meddle with Contracts and Debts and other businesses of this Nature 'twixt man and man Now these Officers arrest Debtors and bring them before those Judges and their sureties too bound as with us in Contracts confirmed as before under their hands and seals and if they give not content unto those which complain of them they will imprison their persons where they shall finde and feel the weight of fetters nay many times they will sell their persons their Wives and Children into bondage when they cannot satisfie their Debts And the custom of that Countrey bears with such hard and pitilies courses such as was complain'd of by the poor widow unto the Prophet Elisha who when her husband was dead and she not able to pay the Creditor came and took her two sons to be bond men 2 King 4. 1. The Mogol looked to be presented with some thing or other when my Lord Ambassadour came to him and if he saw him often empty handed he was not welcom and therefore the East-India Company were wont every year to send many particular things unto him in the name of the King of England that were given him at several times especially then when the Ambassadour had any request unto him which made a very fair way unto it Amongst many other things when my Lord Ambassadour first went thither the Company sent the Mogol an English Coach and Harnesse for four Horses and an able Coach-man to sute and mannage some of his excellent Horses that they might be made fit for that service The Coach they sent was lined within with Crimson China velvet which when the Mogol took notice of he told the Ambassadour that he wondred the King of England would trouble himself so much as to send unto China for Velvet to Line a Coach for him in regard that he had been informed that the English King had much better Velvet near home for such or any other uses And immediately after the Mogol caused that Coach to be taken all to pieces and to have another made by it for as before they are a people that will make any new thing by a pattern and when his new Coach was made according to the pattern his work-men first putting the English Coach together did so with that they had new made then pulling out all the China Velvet which was in the English Coach there was in the room thereof put a very rich Stuffe the ground silver wrought all over in spaces with variety of flowers of silk excellently well suited for their colours and cut short like a Plush and in stead of the brasse Nails that were first in it there were Nails of silver put in their places And the Coach which his own work-men made was lined and seated likewise with a richer stuffe than the former the ground of it Gold mingled like the other with silk flowers and the Nails silver and double guilt and after having Horses and Harnesse fitted for both his Coaches He rode sometimes in them and contracted with the English Coach-man to serve him whom he made very fine by rich vests he gave him allowing him a very great Pension besides he never carried him in any of those Coaches but he gave him the reward of ten pounds at the least which had raised the Coach-man unto a very great Estate had not death prevented it and that immediately after he was setled in that great service The East-India Company sent other presents for that King as excellent Pictures which pleased the Mogol very much especialy if there were fair and beautifull Women portrayed in them They sent likewise Swords Rapiers excellently well hatcht and pieces of rich imbroidery to make sweet baggs and rich Gloves and handsome Looking glasses other things to give away that they might have alwayes some things in readiness to present both to the King and also to his Governours where our Factories were setled for all these were like those rulers of Israel mentioned Hosea 4. 18. who would love to say with shame give ye They looked to be presented with something when our Factors had any especial occasion to repair unto them and if the particular thing they then presented did not like them well they would desire to have it exchanged for something else happily they having never heard of our good and modest proverb that a man must not look into the mouth of a given Horse And it is a very
should come into the World We said the Mogol are for Mahomet The Persians magnifie Mortis Hale but they are Mahometans for Religion likewise The Hindoos or Heathens there have many whom they highly extol magnifie as Bremaw and Bramon and Ram and Permissar The Parsees are for Zertoâ—st the Jews for Moses the Christians for Christ and he added three more whose names I have not who make up the number of twelve who have all their several followers in that part of the World and then he caused those twelve Names to be written in twelve several Scrolls and put together to see if the Ape could draw out the Name of the true Prophet this done the Ape put his paw amongst them and pull'd forth the Name of Christ The Mogol a second time caused those twelve Names to be written again in twelve other Scrolls and Characters and put together when the Ape as before pull'd forth the name of Christ Then Mahobet-Chan a great Noble man of that Court and in high favour with the King said that it was some imposture of the Christians though there were none that did bear that name there present and desired that he might make a third trial which granted he put but eleven of those names together reserving the name of Christ in his hand the Ape searching as before pull'd forth his paw empty and so twice or thrice together the King demanding a reason for this was answered that happily the thing he looked for was not there he was bid to search for it and then putting out those eleven names one after the other in a seeming indignation rent them then running to Mahobet-Chan caught him by the hand where the Name of Christ was concealed which delivered he opened the Scrolle and so held it up to the King but did not tear it as the former upon which the Mogol took the Ape and gave his Keeper a good Pension for to keep him near about him calling him the Divining Ape and this was all that followed upon this admirable thing except the great wonder and amazement of that people There was one some years since wrote this story but somewhat varied from that I have here related in a little printed Pamphlet and told his Reader that I had often seen that Ape while I lived in those parts which particular he should have left out but for the Relation it self I believe it was so because it hath been often confirmed there in its report unto me by divers persons who knew not one another and were differing in Religion yet all agreed in the story and in all the circumstances thereof This I am sure of that Almighty God who can do what he will do for all things are so far from being impossible to him that nothing is hard can do wonderfull things by the weakest means that the weaker the instruments are the more glory moy be ascribed unto him while he acts by them In the sacred storie Pharoah had no sooner asked who is the Lord Ex. 5. but presently some of the weakest of the Creatures rise up and appear as it were in Arms to tell him who the Lord was so that he who formerly thought that there was no power either in heaven or earth to master or contradict him is presently confuted and conquered by Frogs and Flies and Lice and Caterpillars by those poor infirm silly and most despicable Creatures who when they had entred the lists would not give proud Pharoah over till they had humbled him and magnified their maker virtus Dei in infirmitate Balaams Asse had more discovered unto him than unto his Rider and so had this Ape as it should seem more than to his beholders or to his keeper Now for the disposition of that King it ever seemed unto me to be composed of extreams for sometimes he was barbarously cruel and at other times he would seem to be exceeding fair and gentle For his cruelties he put one of his women to a miserable death one of his women he had formerly touched and kept Company withall but now she was superannuated for neither himself nor Nobles as they say come near their wives or women after they exceed the age of thirty years though they keep them and allow them some maintenance The fault of that woman this the Mogol upon a time found her and one of his Eunuchs kissing one another and for this very thing the King presently gave command that a round hole should be made in the earth and that her body should be put into that hole where she should stand with her head onely above ground and the earth to be put in again unto her close round about her that so she might stand in the parching Sun till the extream hot beams thereof did kill her in which torment she lived one whole day and the night following and almost till the next noon crying out most lamentably while she was able to speak in her language as the Shunamites Childe did in his 2 King 4. Ah my head my head which horrid execution or rather murder was acted near our house where the Eunuch by the command of the said King was brought very near the place where this poor Creature was thus buried alive and there in her sight cut all into pieces That great King would be often overcome by Wine yet as if he meant to appropriate that sin to himself would punish others with very much severity who were thus distempered I have long since heard a story which is somewhat pararel to this that in former times when this land in which we live did not so much stink of that beastly sin of drunkennesse which robs a man of himself and leaves a beast in the skin of a man I say when drunkennesse in England was not so common There was a Justice of Peace in this Nation and I believe that the story is very true which laid a poor Butoher by the heels for presuming to be drunk telling him that he was but a poor beggerly fellow and he presume to be drunk and therefore he would punish him saying further that it was enough for his eldest Son so to be c. but this by the way Sometimes for little or no faults the Mogol would cause men to be most severely whip't till they were almost ready to dye under the rod which after they must kisse in thankfulnesse He caused one of his servants of the higher ranke to be very much whipt for breaking a China Cup he was commanded to keep safe and then sent him into China which is a marvelous distance from thence to buy another Sometimes in other of his mad distempers he would condemne men to servitude or dismember or else put them to death as sacrifices to his will and passion not Justice So that it might be said of him quando male nemo pejus that when he did wickedly none could do worse as if it had been true of him which was spoken of that