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death_n	day_n	life_n	world_n	8,295	5	4.5590	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34943	The history of the house of Esté, from the time of Forrestus until the death of Alphonsus the last Duke of Ferrara with an account of the pretended devolution of that dutchy unjustly usurped by Clement VIII : wherein likewise the most considerable revolutions of Italy from the year 452 to the year 1598 are briefly touched.	Craufurd, James, 17th cent.; Craufurd, David, 1665-1726.	1681 (1681)	Wing C6853; ESTC R5167	108,756	324

Rome nothing except Florence giving him any stop Rome against which the chief design was laid wanted neither provision nor troops and Gregory was there in person performing all the parts of a good Officer during the siege Upon the surrender of the City he retired to the Castle S t Angelo from thence to the Normans in Naples whom he had engaged in his quarrel but finding them in no condition to restore him nor the Romans disposed to receive him again who had for many years behaved himself so imperiously among them and last of all the passage for Matildis being so shut up by the Emperours Forces that she could not come to his assistance trouble and anguish when he saw he was thus deserted in his old age occasion'd a feaver which in a few dayes put a period to his life He was Canonized after his death as Baronius informs us in his Roman Martyrology but whence they had the proofs either of the sanctity of his life or the miracles he wrought we cannot guess The Characters not only given him by his Contemporaries who writ of him but by the Synods of Wormes Pavia Mentzs and Brixina did little countenance this design his apparent Miracles if any such were alledged did flow from the same source with those of the Aegyptian Magicians in whose studies he had spent some part of his youth he pretended to the spirit of prophecy when he foretold the Emperours death of which he thought he had made sure but his Instruments failing him he was fain to save his credit by an equivocation And to say no worse their thrusting Gregory the seventh in among the Saints gives us just ground to suspect their Catalogue is not so pure as it ought to be and that all to whom they address themselves are not in so happy a state as their mistaken superstition is willing to suppose It was hoped Gregories death would have calm'd the storm and that the Emperour might afterwards enjoy his Crown and Clement the third his dignity without disturbance if grief had killed Matildis at the same time as it was like to have done But Gregory by his last Will recommending his party with much earnestness to her protection the war and the Schism were continued Welpho Duke of Bavaria and his Son of the same name Rebels formerly with Rodolphus began to sow new divisions in Germany whereupon Vrban the second the true though not immediate successour of Hildibrand judged the young Prince a person fitly qualified for a Husband to Matildis and the match was quickly made up where the parties both aimed at the same thing that is the Emperours depression This did further declare their great injustice to her former Husband for Welpho was a Grand-child of the House of Esté nearly related to Matildis as well as Azo only there was no cause to suspect him of being in the Emperours confidence But such indirect courses were justly blasted and Welpho reconciled after some time to Henry by which he lost Matildis whose love to her Husbands was alwayes grounded upon their devotion to the Pope he could not both be the Emperours friend and Matildis Husband and therefore a new pretence was found out for a divorce A greater Title was design'd for Matildis by the Greek Emperour who sent an Ambassador to court her in his Name but Vrban who could promise himself no good by sending her so far from home disswaded her from any such thoughts And now her zeal growing with her years no Title pleased her so well as to hear her self every day called the Daughter of S t Peter the pillar of the Truth and the Protectress of the Church names invented by the Court of Rome to gratifie the humour of a bigotted Woman There remained still one expedient to ruine the Emperour which was to perswade his Son Conrard that he ow'd him no Duty but that he might take up Arms against him and seize upon the Crown which his Father by being cut off from the Communion of the Church had forfeited long ago Thus did Vrban stir up a Rebellion more unnatural and black than any Gregory had attempted and what the Popes Words made lawfull Matildis Army made practicable so Anno Christi 1094 that Conrard coming into Italy received the Crown but justly was he punished with a short reign for his usurping that which with honour and security by the course of Nature he might e're long have expected Conrards death did break all their measures yet they could not dispair while the Emperour had another Son Vrban was dead and Pascalis in his place who debauch'd Henry from his Anno Christi 1105 Duty as much as his predecessour had done his elder Brother and was assisted in it by some about the young Prince whom Matildis had corrupted A meeting of all the Emperours enemies being held at Mentz the Arch-bishops of Mentz and Collogue were sent to the Emperour to demand his Crown for his Son the Emperour understanding the business for which they came desired to know the reason why they proceeded so severely against him it was answered because he had made a Schism in the Church had exposed Ecclesiastical dignities to sale and had not observed the Canons in his choice of Bishops To this the Emperour smartly reply'd If you pretend I have sold Dignities what had I pray from either of you for the Arch-bishopricks of Mentz and Collogne the greatest and richest of Germany You who turn accusers are best able to vindicate me and ought to discountenance those who are guilty of Rebellion against me their Soveraign Many other considerations he laid before them but they still insisting he desired at least a day might be appointed in which he should resign his Crown that both for his honour and theirs it might seem his own voluntary act This reasonable request also was denied and the Arch-bishop of Mentz most impudently coming up to him snatch'd away his Crown others by his example strip'd him of his Purple and the other marks of Royalty and carried them to his Son who was immediately declared King and confirmed by the Popes Legates The Old Emperour retired to Liege thither his Friends resorted from all hands to assist him in the recovery of his Crown with these he gave battle to his Sons Army and was at first successfull Yet money and large promises having corrupted his party he was abandon'd by all and in despair and necessity was forced to make his application to the Bishop of Spire that he might be received a petty Canon in a Church which he himself had there founded but this small favour being also beyond example denied him he died within a few dayes leaving to posterity one of the greatest instances perhaps that any age has afforded of the inconstancy of worldly grandeur Those who were much wedded to the Interests of Rome could presently discover the immediate hand of Divine Providence revenging in Henries death the long persecution he had carried on against

successful he had been in advising his Neighbours thought it high time to provide for the safety of those who were more immediately under his care and protection returning therefore to Esté before the Huns could reach it he conducted his people to Palestrina and Chiozza near the mouth of the Po. Every place afterwards yielding to Atila's victorious Army the Country was soon over-run and he loaded with the spoils of so many Cities thought fit to go home and disburthen himself resolving to return the next year but a sudden Death occasioned as some say by poison or as others by drunkenness put a stop to this torrent freed Italy from the apprehension ofa second invasion and the World from such a scourge of Gods wrath as former Ages had not felt This drew Acarinus back to Esté with thoughts to repair the Walls had not fresh troubles diverted him The Empress full of resentment against Maximus for procuring the death of her Husband Valentinian the III. called in Genserick King of the Vandals who waited only for such an invitation Whereever the Vandals came they left greater marks of their cruelty than ever the Huns had done the only comfort was they made no long stay but went back into Africk and in requital of the Empresses kindness carried her and her two Daughters with them as Trophees of their Victory Italy had not time to breathe after such a terrible blow when the Alains who had hitherto contained themselves in France and Spain cross'd the Alpes to seize upon what the Vandals Anno Christi 461 had left the people therefore whom Acarinus had made retire unto the Islands of the Adriatick finding things every day grow worse chose rather to struggle with the inconveniences of those barren habitations than to be exposed to fresh dangers and then did the repeated Calamities of Italy give the first beginnings to the City and Republick of Venice which have since prov'd its greatest Ornament as well as the maintainer of its Liberty So that in this alone Italy must own it self sufficiently rewarded for what it then suffered and all may here trace the admirable methods of Divine Providence which made use of those barbarous Nations to raise this bulwark for after Ages against the encroaching greatness of the Ottoman Power more formidable to Italy and to all Christendom than ever were Huns Vandals or Alains But to return to Acarinus his merit was now too well known to be long without employment Severianus the Emperour having raised an Army to chase away the Alains made Richimer Commander in chief and Acarinus General of the Horse the next place in dignity and trust under him and in this he did behave himself so well that the success of that great battel near Bergamo in which the King of the Alains was kill'd his Army irrecoverably lost and Italy thereby once more freed from slavery was chiefly due to Acarinus's conduct Whereupon he was made Governour of all beyond the River Athesis as the fittest person to guard the Frontiers against the barbarous Anno Christi 471 Nations which commonly made their inroads that way All the rest of his life he enjoy'd this great trust which few had either merit or courage to aspire to at last Odoacer King of the Herules considering to what a weak pass the Empire was brought ventured to tread the footsteps of the Alains and found Acarinus ready to oppose him After several skirmishes they came to a general Engagement not far from Lode where Acarinus over-powered by number and refusing to yield sealed all his generous undertakings for his Country with his life He being killed Odoacer met with little more resistance but having taken Augustulus Prisoner he became Master of Italy And thus was the Western Empire utterly abolished which by Foreign Invasions and Civil Broils had been in a languishing condition of a long time Acarinus had two Wives the former was Gardena Queen of Damascus who accompanying Atila in his Expedition was perswaded to exchange her Crown for the Christian Religion By her he had Atius so named from his Family and by a second Wife he had Constantius Though Odoacer's Government proved more gentle than was expected yet Atius or Azo a great name since in the House of Este and his Brother Constantius not thinking themselves secure retired into Germany and coming into the Court of Theodo Duke of Bavaria had a reception from him full of respect and kindness Anno Christi 481 which he afterwards confirmed by the Marriage of his Daughter to Azo When Zeno was created Emperor of the East as he was concerned for his Title to Italy though not able to make it good so being willing likewise to find employment for a Warlike Prince abroad whom he look'd upon as a dangerous Neighbour he declared Theodorick King of the Ostrogoths his General against Odoacer Theodorick clothed in this Expedition with the Emperours Authority found many Friends and none more zealous than Azo and Constantius In the three several Battles where Odoacer was overthrown and at the Siege of Ravenna where he was glad to yield up a part of his Kingdom to save the rest These two Brothers were eminently Anno Christi 491 serviceable to Theodorick and as he had found them most active in his Establishment so in his long and glorious Reign none shared deeper in his favour and bounty than both of them did In the life of Azo we find little afterwards remarkable but his Brothers last action far surpassed all that he had formerly done For when Theodatus imprisoned Amalasuntha Theodorick's Daughter Constantius mindful of his obligations to that Family Anno Christi 534 used all possible means for her escape which the Tyrant suspecting thought not himself secure till he put her to death This did so affect Constantius that he sent immediately to Justinian the Emperour to give him an account of the tragical end of the innocent Queen and to implore his aid against the Murtherer assuring him of his and his friends assistance if he would espouse so just a cause The Emperour embracing the invitation invaded Italy and Constantius who made good his promise had the satisfaction to see Theodatus dethron'd and kill'd With much ado he escaped the fury of Vitiges who lookt upon him as the chief Author of this war and liv'd not long enough to see the progress Anno Christi 539 Bellisarius made Basilius his Son and Boniface his Cosen who accompanied Bellisarius in his first expedition were upon his being recalled in danger of falling into Totila's hands nor do we hear any more of them till Narses came to accomplish what Bellisarius had twice begun The reputation it seems of this General encouraged them to take Armes for both of them assisted in that great battel where Totila was kill'd and the Goths overthrown and here Boniface fighting valiantly upon the Head of the Auxiliary Troops received a wound of which he soon after dyed leaving his Son Valerian with his

occasion to express it One day it happened that the Governour in his anger gave a blow to a Gentleman of Ferrara of which he died whereupon in an instant all were in Arms and he with the Garrison with much ado got to the Castle which was ill provided to hold out long The news came immediately to Rovigo where Azo the Son of Francis and his Cousin German Rinaldus Aldobrandin's Son then lived who while they were resolving with their friends what course to take a solemn invitation from the City of Ferrara removed the fears of their not being welcome and determined them in their resolutions so that they began their journey thither next morning Upon advice of their approach all besides those who were actually employed in the siege of the Castle went out to meet them accompanying them first to the Church then to the Palace without the least disturbance the Garrison in a day or two came to capitulate and were dismist with their Governour and the City in a gratefull remembrance of so unexpected a delivery kept every fifth of August a day of Thanksgiving so long as there was a Marquess or Duke of Anno Christi 1317 Ferrara The joy for the Princes Restauration was doubly allay'd first by the death of Azo to whom Rinaldus Aldobrandin's Son succeeded then by the Popes procedure which could not have been more violent if Rinaldus had been accessary to his Uncles death whom the Legate murdered or had been guilty of Usurpation in accepting his own he was presently excommunicated and his Subjects commanded in thirty dayes under the like pain to cast off Rinaldus and his Ministers and receive the Popes But neither in Prince nor People did the Pope meet with that compliance he expected for Rinaldus could not be so easily frighted from what he was sure he had so good a right to and the Citizens instead of rejecting him did by an humble Address entreat him that he would not abandon nor give them up who had been so faithfull to his Ancestors and so ready to shake off the Churches yoke to return to their Allegiance assuring him that no threats nor allurements should ever debauch them from their Duty to their Natural Prince Immediately Ambassadors were dispatched to their Neighbours with an account of the Popes dealings and the resolutions of Rinaldus and Galleazo of Milan Canis Scaliger of Verona with the great Castrucius of Luca and the banished Florentins enter into a League for the defence of the Marquess of Ferrara in case the Pope should proceed any further in his unjust pretences But after many attempts for several years to little purpose the Pope took off the sentence which he had so rashly and unjustly pronounced against Rinaldus and confirmed whatever was done at Ferrara during the interdict Anno Christi 1327 A short time discovered the Popes Peace with the Marquess of Ferrara and his Brothers was intended only to disarm them that so he might the better fall upon the City In order to it the Legate of Bologna made great preparations and notice being given to the adjacent places of Romagna to be in readiness the whole business was carried on so closely that the Legate invested Ferrara with an Army of thirty thousand men before the Marquess suspected his design Every Gentleman of Ferrara shewed as much concern as the Marquess could to disappoint the Pope who had so treacherously surprized them and the place though ill provided held out by this means beyond expectation till the thing being blaz'd abroad Visconti from Milan Gonzaga from Mantoua Scaliger from Verona without exception of Guelphs or Gibellins in this common danger sent Forces to relieve it The Marquess having private information of their approach went out by night leaving the place to his Brother Opizo with Order to make a Salley at such a time as he with the Confederates should advance towards the Enemies Camp which being accordingly performed the Popes Army was unexpectedly beset upon all hands and received such a total overthrow that very few escaped being killed or taken prisoners The Marquess upon his return according to the custom of that age after any signal military performance was solemnly Knighted with his Brothers by Taurisanus the most reputed Captain of the City This sort of Knighthood they judged so honourable that the greatest Princes were willing to receive it from the hands of their own Subjects an instance of this we meet with in Francis the first who thought it worth the while to send for the compleat Chevalier de Bayon one of his Generals in Italy to be Knighted by him as if he looked upon this to make him somewhat more a Gentleman than the Crown of France did Not long after died Rinaldus and Modena which he had besieged many months fell into his Brother Opizo's hands To grace his first entry upon the Government this City having deprived it self for above thirty years of the protection of the House of Esté tost from one Master to another could never find rest till it took sanctuary there again CHAP. IX A brief account of what past in Lombardy from Opizo's advancement till that of Borsius the first Duke of Ferrara and of the Council held at Ferrara to unite the Greek and Latine Churches under Eugenius the fourth with several other memorable transactions NOthing is more entertaining than the History of the ebbings and flowings of the Ruling Families of Lombardy in those dayes when any one of them grew too Great the rest combined to level it Thus it had lately fared with the Families of Esté and Visconti as I observed and now Scaliger was to have his turn being the only object of their jealousie for besides Verona he had ten more Cities under him kept five thousand Germans constantly in pay affected the Title of King of Lombardy and was grown intolerably insolent The first that began with him were the two Republicks of Venice and Florence afterwards Visconti the Marquess of Ferrara and Gonzaga agreed to enter into the League both that they might be sharers in the Conquest and thereby keep the Republicks from enriching themselves too much and likewise when they thought fit might stop the current before Scaliger were utterly ruined In a short time Scaliger lost seven of his Cities which were divided among the Conquerours But the Florentins for all their subtilty and contempt of the Lombards were outwitted by the Venetians and Visconti and had scarce enough allowed them to defray the charges of the War the Hostages for performance of the Articles of the Peace were consigned by all Parties into the hands of the Marquess who towards the latter end behaved himself more like a Mediator than an Enemy to Scaliger Azo of Correggio not being able to keep Parma sold it to Opizo and the City it self willingly came under a Prince of Esté having found it self so happy when Governed by that Family four hundred years before the people at Opizo's arrival to express