be like the matter of the Apostume with Residence white and pointed and thereby the dolour ceaseth there is hope But if the dolour be not asswaged and the bladder mollified and the feuer taken away by such Vrine iudge present death and this happeneth more to Children of Seauen or Foureteene yeeres of age than to any others Heere endeth the second Booke THE THIRD BOOKE OF Presages of deuine Hippocrates To presage of Feuers THE End of the Feuer happeneth to one and that with death and to an other with life in the same day And if it tende vnto life all good signes doe appeare in the first dayes whereby thou shalt prognosticate the end in the 4. day or before And if the Feuer be mortall all euill signes giue notice of death in the 4. day or before the first period and day of iudgement or cretication and the ende or tearme of the Feuer is as we haue said in the 4. day the second on the seuenth the sixt on the 20 day the which nomber doth augment by quaternaries and is produced to the 20. day in the Feuer and hotte maladies and they ought to be nombred by whole quaternaries For the yeere and moneth cannot be counted by nomber of whole complete dayes as by this computation wee make three weekes of 20. dayes which is called one moneth or yeere of the Moone So after this computation and augmentation the first shall be the 20. day the second the 40. day the third the 60. day and it is to bee noted that the cronile maladies are of long continuance and of more difficill indicature knowledge and prognostication Therefore it must be looked vnto more exactly For their beginninges are secret and shewe no signe of digestion If therefore you will diligently contemplate it you shal be able to prognosticate to what ende the Feuer shall come Likewise the quartan Feuer obserueth the foresaid matter in his cretications and iudicatures or weekes of Iudgement For that which is done in others by nomber of dayes in this is done by nomber of sittes and periods The short briefe maladies are of more easie presagement and knowledge For it chaungeth presently in the first dayes from good to better or from badde to worse The healthfull signes are knowne by this that the patient hath good easie breath and feeles no dolour and sleepes in the night and other holsome signes The mortall or dangerous are knowne when the patient hath difficultie of breath great dolour and resteth not in the night with other badde signes whereby one may prognosticate death To the ende thou mayest presage well thou shalt consider all the signes of digestion the time houres and dayes in which the sicke are most afflicted And if the Maladie happen to women in childbirth or soone after they be deliuered beginne to reckon from the day of her deliuerie and not from the day wherein the feuer began Also to speake generally when one feeles vehement dolour in the head continue with any Feuer If there happen any euill signe with the foresaide it is a signe of death But if the dolour and feuer continue and perseuer to the 20. day thou mayest presage fluxe of bloud at the nose or apostumes in the inferiour partes of the body if there be no other signe Sometime also there happeneth in the beginning first daies fluxe of bloud at the nose or apostumes principally when the dolor is in the forehead parts neere adioyning And it is to be noted that the said fluxe of bloud happeneth most often to persons of 30 or 35. yeers of age And apostumes or collections to those which are elder Also if the patient in the continuall feuer hath great dolour and apostumes in the eare it is a dangerous signe For often times the person looseth his vnderstanding and dyeth Therefore one ought well to speculate the good and euill signes in the beginning of the maladie for young persons sicke of this maladie doe often die in seuen dayes But olde persons die not so soone For the Feuer cannot bee so hotte in them nor the alienation of the spirit so vehement Therefore the Apostume commeth to maturation suppuration and mattir But if olde persons haue the relapse they coÌ„monly die And the yong die before that the Apostume of the eare come to maturation except that which commeth forth be white digested with other good signes then they recouer their health Also if there happen in the continuall feuer and hotte maladie vlceration of the throat or windpipe it is most dangerous and badde especially when there happeneth other maligne and mortall signes To Presage of the Squinancie ALl manner of Squinancie is dangerous for it killeth the person presently especially when there is no appearance of apostume or tumor vpon the necke or in the throat and that hee suffereth grieuous dolour and cannot aspire nor respire or drawe his breath Then it killeth the patient in the first second thirde or fourth day at the furthest Also when eminence and great rednesse appeareth with vehement dolour it is no lesse dangerous but more tardy and of longer continuance But where there is eminence and rednesse vpon the necke or throat but especially in the breast it is more tardy and lesse dangerous then the 2. superior kinds And if it do not hide it selfe and go in againe it is a good signe But if the said Squinancie tumor doth augment in the day of cretication that it do not purge outwardly or by the spittle although the diseased person feele himselfe eased and without great dolour it is an euill signe and mortall or signe of Relapse It is It is then a better signe and lesse dangerous when the tumor and rednesse appeareth outwardly For if it descend vnto the lightes the patient is in danger to loose his vnderstanding although sometimes the said collection come to suppuration mattir and purgation To Presage of the Vâ—ula Gargarion or Collumella IT is a thing daungerous and mortall to incise the Vâ—ula Gargarion or Collumella being swollen grosse or redde For eyther it is found in an Apostume and inflamation or else there followeth great fluxe of bloud Therefore one must labour to heale and cure the patient by some other meanes And if he cannot that it be liuide or pale and that the superiour part be little and not tumified nor swollen but the inferiour parte tumified and rounde you may without danger incise and open it and so cure it And if you knowe that the patient is not in daunger to fall into suffocation and so die the chiefe thing shall be to purge the belly if you haue the oportunitie and time Here that deuine Hippocrates returneth to speake of feuers WHen the hotte Feuer doth not cease nor giue rest to the Patient in one or moe dayes of cretication without other good signes thou mayest prognosticate Relapse And in the Feuer with healthfull Signes as when the patient is not molested with great
What meanest thou by waking LO Waking should be moderatly vsed for much watching corrupteth the braines and the good temperature it debillitateth the senses altereth the spirites moueth crudities alterations heauinesse of the head resolution of all the bodie dissipateth the naturall heate Hippocrates saith that sleeping and waking if they be excessiue they are euill perillous so mediocritie is best in all things The cause of waking is drinesse heat of the braines it drieth the habitude of the body so much touching sleeping waking The fift Chapter of repletion euacuation CO. Thou shalt vnderstand that repletion plenitude aboundance is all one matter therefore I would knowe howe many kindes of repletion there is LO There are two to wit in quantitie and qualitie CO. What meane you by repletion in qualitie LO I meane when the qualitie of the meate exceeâ—eth without the humors CO What meane you by quantitie LO I meane when meat drinke and humors are in so great quantitie that nature cannot ouercome and it is called excesse or satietie of the which come infinite maladies CO. Howe many kindes are there hereof LO Two to wit the one of meate called Satietas of the Latins the other of the humors CO. Is satietie of meate otherwise deuided LO It is yet deuided in two to wit the one is called satietas ad vasa that is when the stomacke and veines are so full that it maketh them ouer large as happeneth to them who are alwayes eating and drinking in such quantitie that they are constrained to vomit it vp againe these people are more worthie to be called beasts then men for that not onely offendeth God but wracketh their owne bodies The other sort of plenitude is called satietas ad vires which is when there is so great aboundance that the vertue force nor faculties of our bodies can not gouerne nor digest CO. Tell mee what the qualitie of repletion of humors is LO It is when all the humors or one alone exceedeth demaineth such as are good and loweable CO. How callest thou it when all and when one onely demaineth LO When all it is called plethore by the Greekes and plenitudo by the Latins when onely one or all domene as the vitious domains it is called cacochynne or iuice vitious either of the choller phlegme or melancholie CO. What is euacuation or inanition LO It is an outdrawing and taking away of the humors which domains and molesteth our bodies which are euacuated either vniuersally or particularly CO. Which are the vniuersall euacuations LO Those which are done by purgation vrining bleeding vomiting scarrification exercise friction bathing medicaments digerents hemerhoides menstruous purgations also by the acte venerian in like manner by abstinence of meate but that is done by accident CO. Tell me after what manner the euacuation vniuersall is done LO By purgations and by medicamentes catartickes accommodated to euery kinde of humor by thinges diureticks by vomitors by thinges which prouoketh spitting and diuers others which I leaue to the learned mediciner Phlebotomie how it is done when and after what fashion ye shal heare at length in the sixt Treatise like as of frictions The bodie is euacuated by the immoderate act of Venus like as diuers other mischiefes ensueth thereupon and first of all it is hurtfull to the eies and all the organs sensitiues to the nerues the thorax the neirs and partes neare to the neirs and diuers other partes of our bodies and maketh men forgetfull prouoketh the goute dolors nephreticks diuers diseases of the bladder bringeth soone old age consequently death it doth hurt immoderatly vsed not onely to man but to all animals Pliny telleth of two that died sodainely in the acte venerian women are alwaies better disposed as saith Hippocrates Notwithstanding the Bishoppe of Illerden in Spayne in his booke intituled Consilium fraternitatis reporteth that in his time a woman complayned to the King of Arragone that her husband did knowe her 30. times a day and her husband confessing the same to the King was commaunded vpon paine of death not to haue companie with her aboue sixe times a day least the woman shoulde thereby be in danger of her life wherein saith hee wee are not so much to maruaile at the abilitie of the husband as at the complaint of his wife seeing the verse saith Et lassata viris nondum satiata recessit And also in the xxx Chapter of Solomons prouerbs Three thinges are insatiable and the fourth is neuer satisfied But because such as delight in this pastime will formalize as also because the vsage hereof is sometime profitable to the Chirurgian I will not altogether condemne it but like as I haue set downe the incommodities so shall you heare the commodities hereof according as some learned men haue written Paulus Aegineta saith the vsage of Venus moderatly vsed maketh the bodie more agill quicke it softneth the instruments being hard it openeth the coÌ„duits it purgeth the phlegme and is profitable for all passions phlegmaticks for heauines of the head it driueth away anger sadnesse melancholicke passions imaginations nocturnals it procureth appetite Aetius saith it is a worke of nature and so being moderatly vsed it is good if the parties be hot and humide it euacuateth the sperme for otherwise it shoulde become in some qualitie venimous so it deliuereth man of great euilles of the which Galen speaketh Hippocrates saith that the first act of Venus ceaseth many great sickenesses so these are the commodities of Venus moderatly vsed Abstinence also euacuateth the bodie both in sicke folke and whole but by accident as ye haue heard the which is done two waies the first when ye neither eat nor drinke at all and that is called abstinence secondly when we take meat but not so much as is needefull for conseruation of the vertue and that is properly called diet CO. Which are the particular euacuations LO When the braines are discharged by the rouse of the mouth and euidently by the nose by the eyes and eares obscurely the lightes by the trachearter the stomacke by vomiting the intestins by the fundament the lyuer the melt the kidneis and the bladder by the vrine the priuie partes of women by purgations naturall of the which some are done by the gift of nature some artificially if neede be as in others of the which ye shall heare at more leÌ„gth in my book of womens diseases The sixt Chapter of perturbations and passions of the minde CO. Arist Deuideth the minde into two partes to witte the part of reason the other without reason and it is subiect to diuers passions therefore tell me what thou callest passion of the minde LO It is a suffering of the minde by the iust course the which maketh maketh maruailous mutations in the body and therefore most necessary to be marked because of the great chaunces which ensue thereupon as we may
perceiue by the authorities of Arist who saith the motion and perturbations of the minde bringeth great motions and mutations to the naturall heate In like maner Hipocrates and Galen shew that many die by the motions and perturbations of the minde for the perturbations of the minde either dâ—lateth or comprimeth the hart for the which the vitall spirites are either cast foorth by the dilatation of the heart or else contained by the great compression hereof among the which ioy hope loue bringeth the spirites outwardly sadnes and feare bringeth inwardly to the center in diuers maners as ye shal heare CO. How many such passions are there LO There are manye but here I will reckon those which are most common like as mirth sadnes feare anger shamefastnes enuie hatred hope loue CO. What is mirth LO It is an affection of the mind conceiued of a thing good and pleasant by the which the blood and spirits are sweetely spread for the present goodnes by the dilatation of the heart if it be great and last any space there often commeth death because the heart is destitute altogether of blood Arist reporteth of a woman named Policriâ—a that shee dyed for ioy alsoâ— Phillippides a writer of comedies being contending with an other and ouercomming his neighbour beyond his expectation dyed for ioy Valerius Maximus wrâ—teth of two women one Chiloâ— a Lacidemonian and Diagore a Rhodian that they dyed for ioy for the returne of their sonnes as also because they had ouercome their enemies in the warrs Gellius telleth of one Diagoras who when hee saw his three Sonnes Crowned at Olympus for their vertue dyed for ioy embracing them in the presence of the whole people These accidents happen oftner to women then to men because naturally they haue the hart more cold and fewer vitall spirites therefore the few spirits dissipateth soone and so dye In like manner faintharted men yet ioy moderatly vsed doth many good thinges in vs fiâ—st it refussitateth the spirit it helpeth the concoction and all the habitude of the bodie it fortifieth the vertues animall much laughing is hurtfull to young children CO. What is sadnesse LO It is an affection that reuoketh the naturall heat inwardly toward the center of the body but at great leisure it presseth the heart and drieth vp the bodie that hardly the spirit vitall can gouerne as before or if any be it is so feeble that it can not goe with the blood through the rest of the body so consumeth the body it becommeth atrophie and leane and causeth death Cicero writeth saying it were great good among men to liue without eating or drinking but it were a greater good if men could liue without melancholie because the meate we eate doth but corrupt the humors of our bodie but sadnesse and melancholie doth consume both flesh bones also gnaweth the entrailes of the which diuers die Plinie saith that one Petrus Rutillius after he knewe that his father had a repulse of his petitions died for sadnesse Also Marcus Lepidus after his wife was diuorced from him dyed In like manner Hely high Priest of the Iewes and diuers other which were too long to repeate Also Antonius Boneuenus de abditis morborum causâ—s sayeth of a boy that dyed for feare by seeing of two men cladde in blacke in going to the stoole and so dyed 8. dayes after about the same houre as doe the most part CO. What is feare LO It is a motion that reuoketh the spirite to the center to the heart by the arters suddenly which suffocateth the naturall vitall heat it causeth trembling sometime the bellie looseth and death ensueth so I finde that feare maketh the same accidents that melancholie doth but grreater in short time it draweth the bloud and spirits to the heart the visage groweth pale the extremities cold with vniuersall trembling the voice is intercepted with great palpitation of the heart it being suffocated by the great aboundance of the bloud and spirites that it can not moue liberally Galen saith this passion hapneth oft to women and people of colde temperature Zenophon assureth that the great torments of feare is more vehement theÌ„ all present aduersities Diuers learned men haue affirmed that men haue growen white in 25. yeeres onely by the apprehensioÌ„ feare of death CO. What is anger LO It is a suddaine reuocation of the spirits to the externall parts with an appetite of reuenge or it is an ardent heat or ebulâ—sion of bloud done in the heart with desire of vengeance whereof come euill accidentes this inflameth the whole habitude of the body causeth feuer because by the inflamation of the heart the spirit and bloud are troubled likewise the braines and nerues of the which commeth Frenzie and diuers other accidents it bindeth the heart lightes CO. What is shamefastnesse LO It is a mouement of our body next to anger by the which one knowing and suspecting his owne fault would be angrie with himselfe seeing the iudgement of others in this passion the bloud returneth in suddeinly out so the cheekes become redsome dye Plinie saith that one Diodorus professor of Dialecticke hauing propounded to him a question and not answering it as he should dyed for shame Valerius maximus reporteth of Homere that he died for shame because he coulde not resolue a question propounded to him by fishers CO. What is Enuie LO It is a triste oppression of the heart angrie at the felicitie of some other man CO. What is hatred LO It is an old habitude malicious bredde of anger by the which the heart would reuenge the iniurie CO. What is hope LO It is a motion by the which the heart desireth the good future it openeth and dilateth it like as ioy for the present good CO. What is loue LO It is a feruent motion by the which the heart desireth ardently endeuoureth to draw to it a good assured and apparent not much different froÌ„ hope except the loue is more ardent The third Treatise of things altogether contrary to our nature which containeth three Chapters CO. Wee haue discoursed sufficiently of naturall things whereof our body is composed as also of vnnaturall things which may alter our bodies not being duely vsed here we intend to speake of thinge which are altogether contrarie to our nature and destroy it for the which cause Galen calleth them thinges contrarie to nature therefore let me know what things those are which are altogether contrarie to our nature how many they are in number LO They are three Maladie Cause of maladie and Accidents of maladie The first Chapter of Maladie CO. Seeing thou sayest that the first of the three thinges contrarie to nature is Maladie then tell me the definition thereof LO It is a disposition against nature that hurteth manifestly the operations of the bodie CO. Then tell mee what is health LO It is a constitution
to swell through a waterie humor the rest of the body is small and leane Tympanites is a maladie in the which is more flatuositie and lesse humor and in touching soundeth like a drumme Anasarca or Lâ—ncophlegmatia is a disease wherewith the whole bodie but chiefely the priuie partes are swollen with a pituitous humor white and clare accompanied with feuer The cause is either externe or interne externe as stroakes falles heate colde fluxe of bloud or great and long running of the hemerhoides or through dissenteria also great vsage of humide meates as sewens euill water and such like whereof we had good proofe at the siege of Paris also euill regiment Plato saith that in the time of Apollo and Aesculapius neither caiter nor hydropsie nor many other diseases which now raigne were knowne and that through their great sobrietie The cause interne commeth chiefely of the vertue alteratrix and concoctrix of the liuer in like manner apostumes of the liuer also passions of the stomacke through the vice of the veines meseraicks intestine matrix bladder lightes milte and kidneâ—s The Iudgementes are that all hydropsies after a hotte feuer or in the feuer are euill if after apostume of the liuer it receiueth no curation if by vsing remedies the sicke groweth better within 3. or 4. daies is ill againe he healeth not if hee become laxatiue and haue no ease of his paine it is mortall if the spittle the breath and extremities do stink they are signes of death if flux with difficultie of respration he shall die within three dayes of all sorts ascites is the worst those that are yong and robust vsing exercise and if the humor be not putrified may be cured For the cure hereof there are 3. intentioÌ„s the first is good diet tending to hot and drie of good nourriture and light digestion it is good not to drinke at all but if it be any let it be a little old man I knewe a man that was cured by abstayning from drinke halfe a yeare Anthonius Bene uenius reporteth that he knew men cured by abstayning from drink a yeare without vsing any other remedies Let their bred be of barley wherwith shal be mingled the pouder of wormwood annisseede betonie calamint calamus aromaticus succorie fennell which thinges may also bee put in their pottage drinke asses goates milke is also good The second intention is with fomentions and vnguentes resotiues as ye haue heard in Edema The third intention is to corroborate the intemperie of the lyuer as is ample set downe by Albucrasis Some counsell to make incisioÌ„ the which I haue often seene but with euill successe therefore not to bee vsed as being reiected by Celsus Paulus Trallianus Gordonius and others The manner of incision is thus make the incision with a bistorie by the nauell but 3. fingers vnder it towards the flanck shuning the Linaea put a hollow tent in it and euacuate the humor by little little I haue set downe an excelleÌ„t remedie in the poore mans Guide for the curation of this disease if the fault be not in the liuer whereby I healed many in Paris during the time of the siege There are many other things which might be spoken of this matter which I leaue to the mediciners being more medicinall than Chirurgicall but by reasoÌ„ that sometime it falleth vnder the Chirurgians haÌ„ds I thought good thus much to intreate of it The ninteenth Chapter of the Tumor in the fundament called Condiloma THe fundament is subiect to diuers passions as Condiloma ficus atrices hemerhoids rhadiae clausio paralysis pruritus fistula Condiloma is a certaine excrescence of flesh hard tuberculus and membranous in the brimmes of the fundament sometimes accompanied with great tumor and swelling and are called Condilomata sometime not swelled and are called Atrices The cause is the weakenesse softnes and lowe scituation of the part also defluxion of humors which become rotten for the which it is of hard curation The signes are manifest to the sight accompanied with great tumor and dolor The Cure consiâ—th in good regiment and rest often purging with clisters bleeding in the arme to diuert the humor if there be any inflammation vsing vomitors thinges to prouoke vrine The topicall remedies are in the beginning to vse linimentes of oyle of roses cidoniorum with whites of egges thereafter vse remollientes and discutientes if it tend to suppuration vse such remedies as ye haue heard in others putting thereto a little of tapsus barbatus it must be opened in forme circular this counselleth Gordon to the ende the matier remaine not long there in which easily causeth fistule If the excrescence be great hard they must be consumed with causticke medicamentes as counselleth Celsus Sometime the fundament is closed as I sawe in Picardie in the Towne of S. Quintin in France where I brought a woman to bedde that had two children the one had excrescence of fleshe and dyed soone after it was borne the other had a membrane that closed the passage of the excrementes which I câ—tte with a bistorie and it healed This hapneth often to maides in their conduites for the which doe the like or haue recourse to Celsus Or to the mans Guide The twentie Chapter of the Tumors in the Fundament called Hemerhoides THe Hemerhoides are an inflamation or voiding of bloud of some one or moe of the fiue veines which goe about the Fundament of the which there are diuers kindes as saith Fernelius some are interne which are not to be seene others externe some swelled and voide no humor but in tract of time returne inwardly some open and auoyde aboundance of melancholicke bloud which maketh great payne The cause is great aboundance of melancholicke pituitous or bilious bloud also great vsage of mordicant medicines as saith Gordonius The Signes are these if the humor be colde the sicke feeleth great heauinesse and dolor and trembling of the bellie if the humor be hotte there shall be great pulsation euill coullor of the face heauinesse of the eyes The Iudgementes this disease is dangerous and difficill for sometime the great euacuation causeth the hydropsie euil colour and weakenesse of the bodie which often endeth in fistule If they be sodainely stayed they ingender dangerous maladies and often death the humor taking the course to some other part as the liuer or the lightes as saith Bartapallia if they voyde moderatly it is good and preserueth the sicke from melancholie leprosie strangurie griefe in the sides and inflamation on the lightes The naturall course of them is to voyde euery moneth once or at least foure or fiue times in the yeere The Cure is somewhat difficill the part being sensible and colde hauing no force of it selfe also being in a lowe place easie to receiue fluxion and being in a priuie place hard to
bee done with thinges that haue little or no mordification according to the nature of the part as this take sirupe of Roses violets fumitarie wormewood honey of Roses vnguent de apio apostolorum â—uscum egiptiacum or this take Turpentine honey of Roses Iris of Florence barley flower Succi apij of ech a little and make an vnguent If there be great putrifaction the matter in great abundance vse this Rec. terebâ—nthine onc 4. vitellorum ouoâ—um onc 2. vnguenti â—giptiaci drâ—g 1. fiat mixio The wouÌ„d being mundified and voide of all superfluitie we vse for the regeneration of flesh vnguentuÌ„ aureum basilicon maius emplastrum de betoniâ—a diapalma tetra pharmacum gratia dei oleum mastichini et absinthij mixe there with a litle flower of barley lupines and orob with Thus Mirh Mastick and Aloes Sometime we vse in these sortes of woundes a certaine drinke called potion vulnerar wherewith wee wash the wound and is thus made Rec. consolidae maioris et mediae serpentariae linguae canis ceruinae herbae Roberti glycirizâ— pimpinellae artemisiae scabiosae plantaginis aristolochiae agrimoniae betonicae pedis columbini capilli veneris ceut anreae maioris et minoris gaiaci sâ—lsâ—parâ—lle millefolij baccharum lauri of which all or some make a decoction in water and aromatize it with cinamond honey or sugar drinke of it twise or thrise a day as it is needefull and also thou maist wash the wound putting thereto a little honey of roses or sirupe of roses The wound being filled with flesh it must be dried with medicaments epupoloticks which by their astriction and drying do harden the flesh and make a substance like to skin as vnguentum desiccatiuum rubeuÌ„ diapompholigos album rasis dia calcitâ—â—s triapharmacuÌ„ cerussâ— de minio mixing therewith galbanum acasia sarcocolla pluÌ„bum et es vstum vitriolum allumen calxlota and such like The fift intention is in correcting the accidents which are diuers and great for some come by accideÌ„t or some sharp feeling of the part hâ—rt as dolor inflamatioÌ„ conuulsion feuer and such like some come through violence of the buÌ„llet as extinction of the naturall heate of the part hemoragie dilaceration contusion of the nerues fractures of the bones some by the ignorance of the Chirurgian for the which cause he must be diligent to stop such accidents if they happen to help them with speede The sixt Chapter of woundâ—s in the veines and Arters HAuing spoken sufficiently of woundes in the fleshe in like manner you shall heare of them in the veines and arters one or moe without with losse of substaÌ„ce which are accompanyed with flux of blood which coÌ„meth wheÌ„ there orifice is open and is done by incision imbecilitie of the veines abundance of blood or some sharp qualitie when their tunicks are deuided contused and pearced or else wheÌ„ the blood goeth through the veins as the sweate through the skin the tunickes and membranes are deuyded by some externall cause as contusioÌ„ ryding shooting falles in diuers manners The signes are these if the flâ—xe be of the arter or veine of the arter the bloode commeth leaping out subtilly red and hot If it be more grosse black and thick and not leaping it proceedeth of the veines as sayth Auiâ—en The Iudgments are if the blood come out in great abundance it is dangerous chiefly when there is eyther conuulsion belching or rauing if it be not stayed it causeth death because it is the treasure of life As for the Cure there are two intentions the first to stay the blood the second to conglutinat the wounde the blood is stayed by filling vp the wound with drie lint and aboue it an astringent or cloth wet in vineger if that stay it not remoue the lint often wet it in vineger which staunceth it much for these thinges cold and mordicant stay flux of blood in the wounds or make this medicament of bolarmenie sanguinis draconis thuris aloes of each like quantitie mixe them with the white af an egge and the haires of an olde hare cut small thereafter binde it reasonable straight wetting the bands clothes all about it in oxycrate touch it not in foure dayes in touching remoue all very softly if it flick to humect it with oyle whites of eggs or wine Some to stay blood put these pouder in the whund wich I haue somtime vsed viz. maÌ„s blud dried with burnt cloth wherwith thou shalâ— fill the wouÌ„d full some apply veÌ„touses frictioÌ„s ligators on the parts opposite some hold their thumbe long on the mouth of the veine which is a good remedie for the blood coÌ„gealeth in the veine so stanceth If for al these remedies it stanceth not we apply on the veine or arter a little linâ— wet in vineger with a little pouder of vitriol otherwise wee knit them as was taught in the Chapter of Aneâ—â—risme if that cannot be done we canterize theÌ„ with hot IroÌ„s taking heede to touch the parts neâ—â—ous Shelander counselleth the gum lemnium soddeÌ„ Rennish wine which hath many vertues for it digesteth mundifieth incarnateth is good in wounds of the head as saith Matheolus If none of these staunch flux of blood it is dangerous if it be in the matrix intestins or bladder it shal be stayed by iniections of iuyce of plantine and such like the blood being stayed the wound is healed as others hauing regard to the part for as the veine is more drie than the flesh and more soft than the arter so it must haue contrarie remedies in like manner the wound in the arter is harder to be healed than that in the veine Sometime there coÌ„meth such flux of blood at the nose that it is hard to staunch for the which take an ounce of boll the barke of Pomegarnet tree balaust and galles of each 3. drammes seede of white Poppie 2. drammes incorporat altogether with the white of an egge and vineger and apply on the temples and nose if by this the violent flux doe not stay take foure graines of my requies which infallibly stayeth all fluxes The seauenth Chapter of wounds in the nerues and parts Neruous CVttes and thrustes in the nerues chaunce in diuers parts of our body and in diuers maners according to the instrument it is done with some are simple others composed superficiall profound according to the diuersitie of the which we must diuersifie the remedie The causes ye haue heard in the generall Chapter The signes are knowne by offending of the mouing feeling and by the vehemeÌ„t dolor which causeth fluxion feuer spasme rauing inflamatioÌ„ fluxioÌ„ on the nerues The iudgments are that all wouÌ„ds in parts neruous are daÌ„gerous for the great coÌ„munication they haue with the braines and the nerue halfe cut is more dangerous and dolorous than if it were all cut which if so be the action of
heart and the inferior venter for the lyuer the which three domicilles being wounded there must some other particularities bee obserued for curation thereof then ye haue heard Therefore we wil discourse of them seuerally first of the head The head wherein are contained the braines is subiect to solution of continuitie which sometime is simple otherwhiles composed with fracture of the crane some penetrateth the membranes other the proper substance of the braines the Cause and Iudgements are as ye haue heard in the Chapter generall of woundes The Signes of the simple are as in others the signes of fractures mortall in the skull are feuer before 13. dayes in Winter and 7. dayes in Sommer euill colour of the wound liuide little quantitie of mattir the skinne drie and aride the toungue blacke auoiding vnawares of excrementes and water the sicke raueth pustulles in the toungue conuulsion in the parte opposite some fall into apoplexie and death followeth The signs of healing of fractures in the head if after the head be trepained or the bone cut out by stroke or otherwise the membrane called dura mater being of naturall coulor and mouing and the flesh that groweth be red and the sick remouing well his neck and iawes all these are good signes otherwise not The simple wounde is cured as others the composed with fracture and other accidentes is cured after diuers maners according to the diuersitie of the fracture as ye shall heare The bone is sometime broken superficially otherwhiles to the middst and sometime thorough both the tables offending the membranes that couer the braines of the which fractures there are fiue kinds the first is called fissure or cleft which shal be knowne by incisioÌ„ of flesh to the pan in forme of St. Andrewes crosse theÌ„ seperate the crane froÌ„ the pericrane put in lint to dilate the wound to the end the trepan or other instrumeÌ„t touch not the flesh if in cutting any veine or arter it bleede it must be knit Thou shalt know the cleft by rubbing on it with thy naile which if you suspect to be in both the tables cause the sick to hold his mouth and eyes close holding in his breath and if there issue out humiditie by the cleft be assured that both the tables be riuen for the which we must eyther with trepan rongin or other instrument cut the bone to dura mater taking away the least you can of the sayd bone as counselleth Celsus giuing onely issue to the blood and matter contayned in the place The second kind of fracture is called conâ—usion which is oftentimes so great that it seperateth the crane from the flesh for the â—â—â—edies which we vse section to euacuate the blood yet applying no humide remedies which are contrarie to the bone of the head sometime the craniâ—uâ— is pressed in by the stroke chiefly in children that haue the bone yet soft which sometime rise of themselues if not we apply ventouses and cause the sicke to hold in his breath to make it rise amplasters which haue the force to draw If for all this it doth not rise incise the flesh and apply a â—ire found if that be not suffitieÌ„t apply a trepan the an eleuator The third kinde is pressing downe of cranium which coÌ„meth by the weight of the instâ—â—â—ent it is done with or else with a fall froÌ„ some high place is reduced as the precedeÌ„t if it be pressed down by peeces it must be lifted with the eleuator or piâ—cetts meete to draw these peeces without the meÌ„branes apply not the trepaÌ„ if the bones be altogether broken The fourth kind is called incision in the boneâ— wheâ—e of there are diuers kinds according to the diuersity of the instrumeÌ„t according to the which we must diuersifie the remedies if it chance the flesh bone be all cut thou shalt by the couÌ„sel of Celsus euacuat the blood if any be cleanse dresse wel the wouÌ„d close the bone with the flesh sow vp the wound leauing a space for the teâ—â—to euacuat the matter in both sides The fift kind of fracture is called counterclift that is wheÌ„ the cleft of the bone is in the part opposite to the sore and of all fractures this is the worst and deceaueth most the Chirurgian for in it there is no signe but coniecture and by feeling the hurt man in oft putting his hand on the place and if he got the stroke with violence if he fall after he got it if he did vomit notwithstanding there be no cleft where he got the stroke I haue known sundry die in this case chiefly at the battel of Sandlis in France a valiant Captaine of Paris who had a stroke on the right parietarie who notwithstanding of all handling by skilful ChirurgiaÌ„s dyed within 20. daies at which time his cranium was opened and there was founde great quantitie of blood vnder the left parietarie with cleft in the same There is yet another kind of maladie called coÌ„motion or astonishment of the braines the which causeth the same accidents as the the fracture of the cranium is caused by falles from the high places strokes shot of bullets launces or by the sound of a Cannon shot or with the hand as fayth Hyppocrates speaking of a man who gaue a young woman in playing a little blow on the os bregma who incontinent tooke a feuer and conuulsion voided humors by the eare and so dyed We must vnderstand that any violent stroke may astonish the head and be occasion to breake veines and arters not onely of those which passe betweene the sutors but also those betwene the tables for the suspention of dura mater of the which commeth great flux of blood which runneth betwixt the bone and membranes or betwixt the membrane and braines which afterward doth rot and cause many accidents as dyuines of sight vomiting of chollor which chanceth by reason of the nerues of the sixt coniugaton that hath connexion with the stomack in like mannner inflammation of the membranes which communinicate to all the body and causeth feuer rauing aposteme corruption in the braines death The woundes of the head must in no wise be neglected albeit they bee but small for oftentimes in little woundes come great accidentes and especially in bodies euill disposed The cure hereof consisteth first in abstayning from wine and strong drinke vsing ptysan or soddeÌ„ water with a little syrupe of vyolerts or acetose called potus diuinus so continue till the accidentes bee past let the sicke eate little and of good digestion as Capons Chickens Pigeons Veale Mutton and such like vsing a straight dyet till the accidentes bee past in the meane time he may vse Comfitts of Sorrell conserue of Roses for such thinges keepe the vapours from ascending to the head the aire must neyther be hotte nor colde sleepe moderately and purge gently with Clysters bleede in the Cephalicke veine according
humbly take my leaue From London the 20. of Aprill 1597. Your L. most duetifull to commaund Peter Lowe The life of Hyppocrates HYppocrates the sonne Heraclides as Galen doth affirme in the first Booke of Regiment of hot feuers but as others sayth the sonne Esclepius was bred and borne in the Isle Cos his Maister and Instructor was the great Pythagoras His natural inclination was towardes good for hee hated loathed and abhorred all pompe and worldly pleasures and venerral lusts He constrained also his schollers by an oath to bee silent and keepe taciturnitie modestie affabilitie and humilitie aswell in manners as in apparell St. Hierome testifieth He restored the science of Phisick being almost lost Fiue Hâ—ndreth yeares viz. since the time of Esculapius Hee was little in bodie stature but faire and exceeding well fauoured he had a good stroÌ„g head he went slowlie and softly he was verie pensiue and of fewe wordes hee was no great eater nor glutton hee liued 95. yeares he vsed oftentimes this sentence He that will liue in libertie let him not desire that which he cannot obtaine and he who would haue that which hee desireth and couereth let him desire nothing but that which hee may obtaine Furthermore he who would liue peaceably in this mortall life let him conforme himselfe to him who is inuited to a feast who giueth thanks for all which is layd before him and grudgeth not at any thing which is omitted He liued in the time of Eliachim of Malachias of Pereno and Socrates ¶ The protestation and oath of deuyne Hyppocrates I Hyppocrates vow promise and protest to the great God Appollo and his twoo Daughters Higine and Panadie and also to all the gods and goddesses to obserue the the contents of this oath or tables wherin this oath is carued written or ingraued so far as I can possible and so farre as my wit or vnderstanding shall be able to direct me viz that I yeild my my selfe tributarie and debtor to the Maister Doctor who hath instructed mee and shewed mee this science and Doctrine euen as much or rather more then to my Father who hath begotten me and that I shal liue and communicate with him and follow him in all necessities which I shall know him to haue so far as my power shall permit and my goods shall extend Also that I shall loue and cherish his children as my brothers and his progeny as mine own Further that I shall teach shew demonstrate the sayde scyence gratis without rewarde or couenant and that I shall giue all the Cannons rules and precepts freely truely and faithfully to my Maister his children as to myne owne without â—yding or concealing any thing and to all other Schollers who shall make the same oth or protestation and to no others Also that in practising and vsing my science towardes the sicke I shall vse onelye thinges necessarye so farre as I am able and as my spirit and good vnderstanding shall giue vnto mee and that I shal cure the sicke as speedie as I may without dilating or prolonging the Maladie And that I shall not doe any thing against equitie for hatred anger enuie or malice to any person whatsoeuer Moreouer that I shall minister no poyson neither counsell nor teach poyson nor the composing thereof to any Also that I shall not giue nor cause to giue nor consent that any thing be applyed to a woman breeding or bigge with childe to destroy or make her voyd her fruite But I protest to keepe my Life and Science purely sincerely and inuiolably without deceipt fraude or guile And that I shall not cutte nor incise any person hauing the stone but shal leaue the same to those that are expert in it and furthermore I shall not enter into the Patients house but with purpose to heale him that I shall patiently sustaine the iniuries reproches and lothsomnesse of sicke men and all other base raylings and that I shall eschewe as much as I may all venerious lasciuiousnesse Moreouer I protest be it man woman maister or seruant who is my Patient to cure them of all thinges that I may see or heare either in minde or manners and I shal not bewray that which should be concealed hidden but keepe inuiolable silence neither reueale any creature vnder paine of death And therefore I beseeche our Gods that obseruing this Protestation promise and vow intirely and inuiolably that all thinges in my life in my Art and Science may succeed securely healthfully and prosperously to me and in the ende eternall glory And to him that shall violate transgresse or become periured that the contrary may happen vnto him viz. miserie calamitie eternal maladies The ende of the Protestation The first booke of the Presages of diuine Hyppocrates Prologue ANy Medicine Chirurgian desiring to purchase glory honour the loue of the people and some wealth by his Science ought to shew himselfe skilfull expert and that by declaring to the Patients the signes past present future of their Maladies and shewing the thinges ouer past by the sicke men and aduertising or reducing to their memory things forgotten which the sicke persons knowing will the more confidently commit themselues to their hands presuming and thinking that he hath generall knowledge of all Maladies and that they shall be spedily cured the which is true For hauing such knowledge of things past present future he may more easily helpe the Maladies although it be impossible to any Medicine Chirurgian to cure and heale all diseases for it should be a greater thing then to foretell the future accidents For it sometimes happeneth that tâ—â—e sicke die by the violence or malignitie of the Maladie before the Phisitian be called some die shortly after the Chirurgian is arriued the same day also one or twoo dayes after before that by his science and diligence he may correct and take away the perill and dangerous accideÌ„ts Therefore he ought to endeuour and enforce him to knowe the nature and peruersitie of such sicknes also the strength of the sicke to the end hee may auoyde defamations opprobries and reproches which he shall doe and make himselfe admirable and more deuine then humane presaging death to one health to another hauing likewise regarde to the qualitie goodnes and malignitie of the aire as wee particuler vz. which circumuirons the sicke as the vniuersall the times on their qualities and the yeare also the good euill aspects of celestiall bodies which foreseing hee shall eschew dishonour and shall get renowne and freinds ¶ Here he beginneth to Presage by signes of the Face NOw to foretell well to foresee or presage by signes in dangerous vehement Maladies It is requisite to consider contemplate the Face of the sicke First to knowe if it be such as in health or but a litle difference and if it be so the medicine Chirurgian may haue a good presagement and hope of Recouerie But if
and that he hath no exceading and supeâ—fluous heate in him without great thirst and drinesse Moreouer if the Vrine and excrements in all the Conduits are in due quantitie qualitie of any commendable coloure substance as the matter fecal also of good consistence not too hard but as in health the sweat vniuersall is hot with ease also the spittle gentle and commendable the sleepe in the night and so of others as we haue spoken ¶ To Presage of the signes opposite of despaire JF the sicknesse be intollerable and doloure insupportable burning heate extreame thrist continuall cough stifnesse of members languishing aspiration filthy spittle and vnsauourie Vrine of a small quantitie the matter liuide liquide or watery and slimy and often particuler sweat and cold without rest of the day or night the hands feet and forehead cold tossing to and fro and all other euill signes taken in the face By all which or many of them thou shalt prognosticate suddaine or lingring death without discredit or dishonor but shalt be in great reputation and estimation ¶ To Presage of the signes of the time and day of the Rupture of the Apostume SOme Apostumes breake and appeare on the 20 day others differ vnto 40 others to 60 daies Therefore to presage well thou shalt enquire out the first day and the beginning of the Maladie viz when the Patient did firste feele heate and the feuer also stifnesse and standing vp of the haire heauines and also dolour and pricking Then thou shalt begin to reckon the daies and by this meanes thou maist prognosticate infallibly Thou shalt also presage if there be Apostume on the one side or both by this meanes aske the Patient if he feele dolour on the one side more then the other then cause him to lie on the side which is sound and if he feele heauinesse and ponderositie it followeth that the same side where the ponderositie is is Apostumed and there is the collection and matter and if he feele dolour heate and heauines on both it will follow that both sides are Apostumed Thou shalt knowe the Apostume and collection to be ripe and broken and the matter retayned in the part Apostumed when the feuer doth not cease and it is lesse by day then night and that the Patient sweates aboundantly and ceaseth not to cough and voides not almost any thing likewise if his eyes sinke in his head and cheekes are red the nailes crookes the ends and extremities of the fingers turne and the appetite decayeth and the feete swell and there is almost through all the body pimples and pustules these signes do appeare when the matter and Apostume is of longe continuance are certaine signes of future health Therefore to prognosticate whether the Apostume will breake soone or late consider that spoken of before for if the cough in the beginning and first daies doe oppresse the sicke person with dolour and often spitting and egestion with difficultie of breth I iudge that the Apostume will breake within 20 daies and if the contrarie happen that the signes be hindered the rupture will be prolonged and as the signes bee strong or feeble so the ruption is inueterated or shortened And to know if there be perill or danger or probabilitie of health consider the day whereon the Apostume breakes if the feuer and thirst cease and the appetite returne and if the fecall matter be solide if the matter of the Apostume be white and equally soft and come foorth without doloure and without coughing these things are faithfull signes of health Otherwise when the feuer doth not cease or presently retourne with great thirst without appetite and the fecall matter be watery the spittle liuide greene and slimie and in part phlegmatick thou mayest prognosticate death And if there happen some good signes some bad compare the one with the other and diligently aduise before thou presage to the end thou maiest auoide infamy For some die presently others are prolonged and then die in the end others at length retourne to their health ¶ To Presage of Apostumes that come about the Eares in pulmonick passions WHen the Apostume happeneth betweene or vnder the Eares to the sicke person with difficultie of bâ—â—ath and that the same Apostume cometh to maturation and purgeth and ingendereth a Fistule it saueth the Patient And to prognosticate when it will come note this which followeth when the Feuer continueth in the said Maladie and the colour is permanent the Spittle impertinent and not commendable and the belly doe not his dutie euacuating the choller or liquide matter and the Vrine is in small quantitie with aboundance of Residence but all other good signes shewing securitie are present then thou shalt presage the future Apostumes to be neere the Eare especiallie when there is Inflammation vnder the sides and Diaphragme And if there be no Inflammation nor doloure in the said place but the Patient hath difficultie of breath the which goeth away without manifest cause then the Apostume comes aboue the Eare. ¶ To Presage of Pustules or Apostumes that come in the Feet JN vehement and perillous Maladies of the Lights there happeneth for the profit and health of the Patient little pustules in the Feet and especially when the spitle is sodainlie changed from red to white it is a most certaine signe of health for by such spittle the pustule and dolour ceaseth but if the spittle turne not froÌ„ red to white and that the Vrine be not good nor the Residence commendable the Patient shall be in danger to become lame by contraction of the nerues and iointures where the same pustule is If the said pustule or little Apostume in the feete be hidden and vanish away or that it goe and come without purgation or maturation Or els if the Apostume in the side called Periplineumonia for it is in the Lights be not purged by commendable spittle and that the Feuer remaine the Patient is in daunger to loose his vnderstanding therafter to die Furthermore of the aforesaid pulmonick maladies those which are aged but not extremely as of 50 yeres die more often then they who are yonger And young persons die most commonly of another kinde of Apostume Moreouer the person hauing great doloure in the belly lower then the Nauill or drawing neere vpon the thigh with any feuer if the dolour leauing his place doe ascend vp towards the Ribbes it is very dangerous For then one or two euill signes doe foreshew death but if there be many good as easie spitting white and not vnsauourie it is a signe of euasion the red and vnsauourie is mortall and if there be not any euill signe there is hope that the thing will come to suppuration and matter ¶ To Presage by the signes of the Bladder THe hardnesse and great dolour of the Bladder is mortall specially with quotidian feuer and it is often with constipation therefore it is mortall without Remission But if the Vrine