Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	body_n	life_n	part_n	5,356	5	4.4664	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00627	Fennes frutes vvhich vvorke is deuided into three seuerall parts; the first, a dialogue betweene fame and the scholler ... The second, intreateth of the lamentable ruines which attend on vvarre ... The third, that it is not requisite to deriue our pedegree from the vnfaithfull Troians, who were chiefe causes of their owne destruction: whereunto is added Hecubaes mishaps, discoursed by way of apparition.	Fenne, Thomas.	1590 (1590)	STC 10763; ESTC S102003	182,190	232

comming she marched couragiously toward thē willing them to execute their office With which boldnes the souldiers were all astonished sauing certaine of the friends of those whom she had slain before which stabbed her thorow the body whereof she presently died Yet this manly courage is to be noted in her that after she felt the wound to be mortall and that she fainted ready to yeeld vp her life she nesled her garmentes about her body plucking downe her neather skirts to her féete hauing a womāly care in all respects least that by striuing with life and death she might showe or vncouer the vndecent parts of her bodie Thus dyed the mightiest Princesse vnder the heauens for a iust reuenge of her former cruelties and merciles murders she was daughter to Neoptolome King of Epyre sister to Alexander then King of Epyre wife to Philip King of Macedon mother to Alexander the great and yet for all these high and mightie alliances the liuing God would not suffer her to scape vnpunished but caused such measure to be giuē to her which she before had meated to other In like sort Agrippina daughter to the noble Germanicus first being maried to Domitius had by him Nero and afterward was married to Claudius whom she poysoned with his sonne Britannicus to y e end she might make her first sonne Nero Emperor which indéede came accordingly to passe but now her sonne Nero being Emperour possessing the crowne by meanes of his mothers bloudie act whether it were that the liuing God would not suffer her to scape vnpunished or the wicked inclination of Nero but howsoeuer the case stood she receiued like reward for her son caused her to be most cruelly tormented commanding her wombe to be opened cut vp that he might sée the place wherein he lay and in the meane time while she was suffering such miserable torture he gaue so little regard to the wofull mournings pitifull cries of his naturall mother that he played on a cistern y e destruction of Troy and sung most pleasantly to his instrument Notwithstanding although he was ordeyned to scourge and plague his mother for the aforesaid horrible fact yet scaped not hee vnreuenged for so vile a déede For when he had a time raigned in Rome persecuting the guilties and innocent the Romanes at last detesting his bloudie disposition séeing y t his whole delight was in tormenting his natiue Country men began so deadly to hate him for his crueltie that by the whole consent of the Romanes the Senate decréed this sharpe sentence against him Vt more maiorum collo in furcā coniecto virgis adnecem caederetur his neck being fastned in a yoke or forke after the vilest order which was a most monstrous reproach and seruile slauerie amongst the Romanes should be beaten to death with rods But Nero hauing intelligence of their decrée fled in the midle of the night out of the citie taking with him not past one or two of his lewd cōpanions who also perished with him for feare of the Romans Thus being scaped from the punishment which was appointed for him he now determined to die a desperate death requiring one of his friēds which was with him to stab him through with his sword that he might ende his miserie Who when he had denied his sute as a thing vniust Nero cried out saying Itanè nec amicum habeo nec inimicum dedecorosé vixi turpius periam Surely neither haue I friend nor enemie meaning no friend in the Citie to defend his cause nor enemie nowe with him to ende his life I haue liued vilely I will perish as filthely and therewithall thrust himselfe through and so died Thus miserably ended Domitius Nero after hee had reuenged the cruell murther which his Mother committted and in the ende himselfe was driuen to the same shoare and forced to arriue at the same Port of miserable Destinie to be cut off with vntimely death for his most vile slaughters and cruelties Also Aristobulus sonne to Hircanus vnnaturally committed to prison his mother and his brother Antigonus and after most cruelly slew his said brother in prison for which grieuous offence God so strake him that all his bowells rent in his belly and hee vomited vp all the bloud in his bodie and so most pitifully he dyed in recompence of his former crueltie In like manner Antiochus Illustris sonne of the great Antiochus did also imbrew his hands in the bloud of his friends For giuing his sister in marriage to Ptolomaeus King of Aegypt and vnder pretence of familiaritie came to visite his brother in lawe vnder the coulour of alliance and that he might by treacherous meanes take from him the Kingdome of Aegipt and finding him sitting at supper saluted him with his sword which presently he thrust through his sides thus traiterously he slewe his brother Ptolome and ceazed on all Aegipt to his owne vse And after hée had done manie other cruelties at last hee was striken with a most horrible sicknesse that his bodie stanke and his flesh was so corrupt and putrified that no bodie could abide the sauour therof liuing wormes créeping and scrauling out of his bodie insomuch that in his great extremitie hee was forsaken of all his friends and seruants and so died as a iust recompence for his villanie It is farther well knowen that Archelaus King of Macedonia was murthered by the hands of Cratenas his Paramour who sore thirsted after his said kingdome which shamefull act beeing committed and Cratenas placed in the regall Throne according to his long desire raigned King not past thrée or foure dayes but was himselfe slaine in semblable manner by other mens meanes whereunto this saying may be well applyed Qui struit insidias alijs sibi damna dat ipse Who seeketh other men to insnare Nets for himselfe he doth prepare So that this man possessed his princely seate but a short space which he had purchased by wilfull murder I trust it is very well knowen also to the English Nation what cruell murders and miserable slaughters were committed by King Richard the third brother to Edward the fourth and sonne to the Duke of Yorke for that the Chronicles doo make mention thereof at large First bringing his owne brother the Duke of Clarence to vntimely death then shewing his tyrannie on the Barons and Nobles of the Land and after that his brother Edward the fourth died he miserably smoothered the two sonnes of his said brother Edward which were committed to his tuition and gouernment not sparing the néerest of his kinne but imbrewing himselfe in their bloud to the ende he himselfe might possesse the Crowne and Diadem of the Realme which in deede consequently came to passe But were it possible that such pitifull murders and execrable slaughters as he committed both in slaying of the Nobles of the Land and also in the deprauing of his swéete Nephewes of life and Kingdome should scape vnreuenged No truly it

saith hee but lay you by me a little staffe that I may feare and keepe them away therein deriding their foolish curiosity that séemed to be so carefull to burie the dead carkasse as though there had béen great difference whether it had been deuoured of birdes and beastes in the field or eaten and consumed of wormes in the ground so rebuking their folly he died The wise Philosophers so little regarded their dead carcasses knowing by their natural wisdome what the substance thereof was making also no account or reckoning of life whose state was so fraile and fickle the learned Horace going about to quip and reprehend the fearefull minds of those that so much feared death said Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas regúmque turries that pale death did as wel visit the rich as the poore therfore saith he it is a foolish thing so much to feare that which no man knoweth when it shall happen neither can it be auoyded or shunned by any praiers or gifts nor by the force or strength of man repelled or driuen back Whereunto also Homer replieth saying Nec vis Herculea fatum enitauit acerbum neither could Hercules strength resist or withstand death The wise Socrates when hée was to suffer punishment namely losse of life Apollodorus his familiar friend comming to the prison where hee was laide vp brought vnto him a verie fine coate of costlie wooll well wouen and wrought and therewithall a cloake of no courser stuffe desiring him to put them on and to weare them when he drunke the poyson that should procure his death For saith he Socrates cannot want a rich and honorable buriall if hee being attired with those gorgeous garments yeeld vp the sweete pledge of his life nor that he should lye dead altogether vndecently being decked with such beautifull and comely furniture These words vttered Apollodorus to Socrates but he not allowing thereof said to Crito Simmias and Phoedon O what a notable opinion dooth Apollodorus conceiue of vs if he hope to see Socrates in such brauerie after he hath drunke vp the poysoned potion ministred to him by the hands of the Athenians but if he did consider and beleeue that shortly after I should droupe downe grouel on the ground and at last lye like a lumpe of lead vnder feete he would not vouchsafe to knowe me Not long before the time of his death also he being at libertie was verie sick and féeble in bodie so that his friends asked him how it fared with him verie well said he how so euer the world shall wag for if I haue my life prolonged I shall increase mine enimies to baite me with rebukes againe if death shorten my dayes I shall winne more friendes to crowne me with commendation In like manner Plato at what time the Academy was reported to be infected with the pestilence the Phisicians gaue him counsaile to remoue his schoole from the Academy into Lyceus but hee neuer a whit agréed to their counsaile but saide Sed ego producendae vitae causa ne in Atho quidem summitatem transmigare velim I would not remoue to the high tops of the maine mountaine Athos for the prolonging of my daies and the preseruing of my mortall life so little also feared or regarded that wise Philosopher the fatall end Sch. Truly y e philosophers in this point do shew thēselues the folowers of wisedome indeede for by birth they perceiue themselues to be mortall therefore make they no great account of their vncertaine life but truely I coulde wish that there were many Philosophers now liuing amongest vs to instruct vs thorowly by their great wisedome whereby wee might as well learne to die as to liue Fa. Surely in mine opinion it were in vaine for the nature of man is rather to credite and followe the precepts and doctrine of those that are dead than to giue audience or be instructed at the mouth of the wise who liueth for Diogenes himselfe in his life was forsaken of al his friends because he vsed to reprehend them most sharpely therefore they termed him a Cinike or doggish Philosopher but after his death his deedes were recorded and had in great reuerence Socrates also was hated amongst his countrimen because he would tell them thorowly of their faults Wherefore in the ende he was accused and put to death but after had in great reuerence and admiration folowing his rules and precepts in gouerning their common wealth In like sort Aristotle Demosthenes Plato Callisthenes and diuers other were had in greater estimation after their death than they were in their life time If Christ himselfe did liue at this day amongest you as he did amongst the Iewes and his miracles shewed to you as they were in Iewry it is hardly to be thought whether you would haue beleeued so soundly on him being bodily liuing amongst you as you do nowe by the certaine reports of his passion and miracles But if the Philosophers would haue giuen themselues to please men to flatter their follie and to maintaine their vice they should haue beene in great estimation in their life but they should neuer haue purchased the name of Philosophers Xenophon saith that Socrates vpon a time had conference with the harlot Caliste who vttered these wordes in course of talke to Socrates Ego tibi Socrates multùm presto nam cùm tu neminem à me possis abalienare ego cum libitum est tuos omnes à te auoco I excell thee Socrates many degrees for when thou canst not allure men from me I can entise any of thine from thee when soeuer I list To whom Socrates shaped this answere Quid mirum est siquidem tu ad decline c. What wonder is that for thou dooest traile men downe in the dale of vice and destruction but I hale them vp the hill of vertue and eternitie wherevnto is no easie passage or common climing meaning that the nature of man were more easier to be entised by flattery to lewdnesse than by sharpe reprehension drawne to vertue The wise Philosophers also were of this minde and opinion that the most blessed and happiest thing which might fall and happen to man was death the end and conclusion of all miseries In like manner the ancient Poets in diuers of their workes haue confirmed the same opinion as a generall and vniuersall iudgement insomuch that it hath beene reported that Biton and Cleobis the sonnes of Araia when their mother being ministresse in a Temple of a goddesse should haue gone to the Temple in a chariot with great speede as the manner was and her horses coulde not be founde her two sonnes of childly pitie vouchsafed themselues to bend their bodies and draw their mother with speed to the Temple for which gentle affection the mother desired of the goddesse whom she serued to giue her children the greatest benefite which GOD might giue to man After the feast in the night when

gratia venistis Why doe ye not dispatch your purpose in respect of the accomplishment whereof you be resorted hether Then they all looked on ech other in the face being troubled in their mindes greatly repenting their enterprise that euer they went about to worke such villany to so noble a minded Prince who knew their practise before and yet spared to punish them rather choosing himselfe to die than to vse tyrannie on his subiects which indeede had been no cruelty but vpright iustice wherefore they all with one accorde threwe downe their speares and lighted from their saddles confessing their trespasse humbly submitting themselues on their knees crauing mercie at the hands of Darius proffering their voluntarie seruice to doe whatsoeuer hee hencefoorth gaue them in commaundement Thus with the great mercie and clemencie of Darius without bloudshed the vnbrideled stomackes of his nobles were pacified and made quiet which by a bloudy hand he coulde neuer haue brought to passe And from that time foorth they were mindfull of so gratious a benefite remayning euer after most faithfull obedient and full of duetie to Darius their milde and gentle Prince In like maner Titus a Roman Emperor sonne to Vespasianus excelled in humilitie clemencie and courtesie for at such time as two of his chiefest Péeres had consented conspired to the murthering of their master the king Titus hauing knowledge thereof first calling them into a priuie chamber telling them home of their wicked intent wishing them by milde and gentle meanes to become better Subiectes to their hurtles Prince who so farre as he knew had not deserued at their hands the very thought of such a wicked inuention And afterward taking them both with him to a common game or play setting himselfe betweene them both willing them to sit neere his person and so soone as the sword-players came out with their glittering swords Titus called for one of them which was presently deliuered to him then he foorthwith gaue it to the one and after to the other vnder colour of feeling how sharp it was beholding them with a smiling countenance saying Videtisne potestates fato dari frustràque tentari facinus potiundi spe vel admittendi metu See ye not saith he that authoritie and power is geuen by destinie therefore it is vaine to trie by wicked practise to possesse the place and as vaine it is to feare the losing thereof Meaning thereby that although they had the sword in their handes yet could they not displace him whō God had setled Thus courteously did Titus intreate his Nobles saying that he had greater pleasure and more delight to correct offenders with lenitie than to chastice them with cruelty which caused him to raigne more quietly in his life and also at his death to be bewayled thorow the whole earth calling him the darling and delight of mankind He was wont to say y e night that the day before he had not geuen well to the poore or béene liberall amongst his friends Amici perdidimus diem Frends we haue lost a day Gelon king of Syracusa behaued himselfe wonderfull mildly gently and peaceably in his kingdome yet notwithstanding he was of some tearmed a tyrant But this is most certaine that when diuers of his commonwealth sought wayes to shorten his life by cruell murther wayting for fit occasion to execute and accomplish their vile pretended villanie Whereof when Gelon was enformed and certified he called a court and sommoned an assemblie of Syracusians which being done in the presence and countenance of them all hee went vp into an hauty and high place in maner of a pulpit hauing on his bodie harnesse and in his hands weapons bright and glistring In which sort and order he stoode before them making a declaration of his faithfull care which he alwayes had ouer the weale publique tendering the welfare of them all euen as his owne life Hauing thus done he vnarmed himselfe laying down both armour and weapon at his féete and vttered these words to the congregation which was there assembled saying En amictus tunicula nudus armorum asto dedo me vobis vt pro voluntate libitóque mecum agatis Behold I stand before you naked vnarmed in a thinne wastcote I yeald my life into your handes my body is at your commandement deale with me according to your pleasure For saith he I detest the place if you despise my person neither doe I wish any longer to liue in my calling than you shall well like of my gouernment When Gelon had thus yealded himselfe to his subiects the whole assembly of the Syracusians were much amased and thereupon were so affectioned in mind that néeds they would there was no way to the cōtrary deliuer those traiterous varlets and rebellious villaines to the kings power to punish them according to the proportion of their offence and gaue him their suffrages vniuersall consents to continue ouer them his dominion gouernmēt yet not withstanding would not Gelon correct those offenders but fréely forgaue thē their trespasses counselling them euer after to become better subiects and to wish to him in their harts no otherwise than he would deserue at their hands Which great mercy and fauor of Gelon the king made the Syracusians to honor and duetifully obey him so long as he liued among them and after his death to haue him in perpetuall remembrance for his singular courtesie and notable clemencie They erected and planted a standing image wearing a single peticote representing to the beholder that this king did raigne and rule by gentle and courteous meanes more safer and far stronger than he that should raigne like a tyrant with harnes and armour of proofe Scho. Truely Sir it is now in these our dayes most manifest how mightely the lenitie and gentlenes of Princes is of force and auayleth and with what willing hearts their subiects will venture both life land and limme in the seruice and defence of their so milde and gentle a Prince yea if it were possible that one body should venture the losse of life ten times or presently to runne to ten deaths for the preseruation ●o safetie of such a noble and mercifull Prince no doubt they could make no curiositie in the cause nor scrupulositie on the matter but with willing and fierce mindes boldly venture themselues Contrariwise we both dayly see and reade that cruell tyrants by their tyrannie cannot compell their Subiectes to beare or carry towardes them a duetifull minde and louing heart neither willingly to venture themselues in their causes but drawen as it were by the eares to their defence or els they should fight in their owne quarrels the people also delight reioyce to heare of the ruine and destruction of such tyrannicall Princes yea and that which is worse doe often conspire and practise vnnaturally the death and destruction of such tyrants Wee reade of the cruell tyrant Clearchus King of the Heraclians that when by no perswasions he could be

flout and mock me that I despaired whether euer I should speake with your person or no so many of your abusers did represent your presence but now hoping to bee certified with the true reports of your owne mouth of those things and doubtes wherein you haue béen so often abused For it is crediblie reported that you are the greatest traueller in the world and haue séene all Kingdomes and nations of the earth by your vnspeakeable swiftnes the vttermost Iles in the maine Ocean hath had your presence the mightiest Kings and Princes of the earth can neither stop or hinder your appointed trauaile you passe their priuie chambers and know their secret counsailes your eyes haue séene the vncertaintie of time the mutabilitie of honor the vnconstancie of fortune the instabilitie varietie of the life of man the subuersion of kingdomes the ouerthrow of empires the ruine and destruction of stately townes and cities your eyes hath séene your eares hath heard your vnderstanding doth remember from the creation of the world and shall remaine vsque ad consummationem seculi therefore séeing your trauaile so wonderfull your cōtinuance so ancient and your memorie so notable I shall request you to vnfolde relate part of those things which your selfe are a witnesse of and haue with present eies beheld as the nature of things the condition of people with the inconueniences of this transitorie life and what calamities miseries troubles enormities and vexations doth commonly happen and incidently fall to man Fa. My good friend if the speaches of my mouth may chalenge such credite with you I am content to make you partaker of my great trauaile and what I know concerning the state of the world on this condition that your mind shall detaine carie away and perceiue with more liuelines of sense the effect of my words thā my tōgue by vttring can expresse so with your willing audience I shall bee content to resolue you in anie part wherein you shall demaund Scho. Sir I most hartely thanke you the condition shall be obserued kept to the vttermost of my power mine eares shal also be attendant in silent sort to uote your speaches wel therefore I pray you begin while I am armed with audience Fa. Well then my good friend it is requisit that I first begin with the enormities and inconueniences of the life state of man which he falleth oft into by the defalt of temperance without which gift he runneth headlong to his owne ruine destruction for Seneca saith If thou wilt esteeme and iudge truly what man is then set him naked before thee behold him well setting aside and laying a part from him possessions authoritie and all other giftes subiect to fortune then shall you see what he hath proper of himselfe and what he borroweth of other then shall you well perceiue this naked life of man without which gift it cannot well be preserued or gouerned but of necessitie must needes soone perish and decay Scho. Sir then by your leaue is temperance such a speciall necessary to the life of man Fa. Yea truely for on that hangeth and dependeth all other vertues requisite to the state and life of man it is the good ground of al gouernement a right direction to honest liuing and the true nurse and fosterer of prouident wisedom it keepeth the vnsatiable appetites of ambition vnder the yoke of reason and holdeth downe the immoderate desires of superioritie to be short I referre thée to the definition of Cicero who defineth it on this maner The property of temperance saith he is to couet nothing that afterward may be repented so that thorough the want thereof man falleth into infinite miseries Scho. Well sir then I perceiue that this gift is a most necessary and speciall maxime to the life and gouernement of man wherein I trust to be better instructed heereafter by some familiar examples which doth shew the fall and destruction in the wanters thereof and the quiet state and contentment to the possessors of the same Fa. Friend I will rehearse a very briefe example in the meane time for your better vnderstanding which shall shew a differēce betwixt the vnsatiable appetite of aspiring minds and the quiet state and peaceable contentment which is thorowly to be perceiued in the life of Aleaxnder the Great and Diogenes the philosopher Scho. First sir crauing pardon for interrupting your speeches me think this comparison is very vnfit vnseemely and the difference of vertue and vice will hardly be made manifest by the liues of these two the one being a great Prince and Emperour of many stately countries and kingdoms the other a poore seely beggar who liued by the almes of the people hauing for his house a simple tunne or barrell to harbour himselfe in without any other wealth or substaunce at all Fa. Nay then my good friend you will driue mee from the matter and cause me to make digression for argument sake but before I proceede any further it shall not be amisse to manifest the state of these two and descry your errour Alexander indeede was a great Prince and Emperour of the most part of the world and yet not so rich as Diogenes was for whereas you think the comparison altogether vnfit the one being a beggar and wonderfull poore the other a king and inestimable rich therefore I referre thee to the wise saying of Marcus Cato who saieth Qui contentus est sua sorte Diues est He that is content with his owne estate and calling is sufficient rich We find that Diogenes was content with his poore estate and Alexander not satisfied with al his kingdomes wherefore according vnto the opinion of Cato Diogenes was rich and Alexander poore for truely he can not be rich which is not satisfied neither can he be poore that is contented And further to confirme this argument Mandanus a wise philosopher of India to whom this Alexander sent messengers commanding him to come to the feast of Iupiters sonne which was holden at Babilon meaning himselfe to be the sonne of Ioue declaring further That if hee would come he should haue great rewards and riches giuen him but if he refused and would not obey his commandement he should be put to a most cruell death wherevnto the graue Philosopher answered stoutly saying That Alexander was neither the sonne of God nor yet certaine lord of any part or parcel of the earth but was as mortall as himself as for the gifts rewards of him that was himselfe so vnsatiable couetous hee nothing regarded returning this answere That if it wold please him to receiue accept a gift at his hād he would willingly giue it might very conueniently spare it which was his good counsel that he should holde himselfe content and satisfied with sufficient and to couet no more than were necessary saying That his abilitie was better able to giue than Alexanders for saith he hee woulde

giue mee that which himselfe wanteth whereof I haue sufficient but I will send him that which hee lacketh and I my selfe haue abundantly and as for threats and menaces I nothing at al regard for if I liue saith he my countrie will bring foorth things sufficiently to furnish my life withall so that I shall not need his rewards as for death I do nothing feare but exceedingly desire it which shall deliuer me from my old withered carkas Thus you may perceiue that this wise philosopher accounted them poore which were not satisfied and those rich which were contented Scho. Sir I doo verie well perceiue my error and doo acknowledge it for it standeth with good reason that the riches of this world is contentment and that a coueting and discontented minde is extreame pouertie therefore if it please you to procéed forward according to your pretence I shall according to my promise be attentiue Fa. Well séeing you are satisfied heerein I will proceede further The Philosopher Diogenes as I said before perceiuing the vnconstancie of vnfriendly fortune the mutability of honour with the vncertaintie of life so much contemned despised the vaine preferments and promotions of this transitorie life that he liued content and satisfied with a small portion of possession which was but his bare tub or tun wherein he was Lord and King without controlment crauing neither territories or confines to inlarge this his quiet kingdom finding this his poore patrimonie so voyd of all incumbraunces vexations and inuasions that he contented himself with this life vntill his end turning his tub in the summer toward the North for the coolenesse and shade from the Sunne in winter to the South for the heate and warmnes thereof making his vaunt merelie that he could rule his Lordship and possession as he listed from the inuasions of his enimies which was the sharpe bitter windes by turning his tumbling pallaice Thus liuing in contentment it chanced that Alexander the great king of Macedony hearing the rare fame of this Philosopher thought good to visit Diognes in his tub to heare his wisedome and the cause of his so solitarie liuing came vnto him being set in his tun saying My friend I haue long desired to see thee and to inrich thee being so a poore a philosopher therefore aske of mee what goods or liuing thou needest and I will inrich thee with it to thy great contentment To whom when Diogenes had giuen thankes for his great courtesie offered he saide If thou wilt doo mee this fauour as thou saist then I pray thee take not that from me which thou canst not giue me but stand from before the mouth of my tun that I may haue the light and warmnes of the Sunne which is to me great riches for now thou detainest that from me and canst not giue me the like therefore do me but this fauour and I will craue of thee no other substāce Then said Alexander My friend how much possession lands and reuenues woulde satisfie and content thee if now I should giue thee thyful contentment to whom Diogenes answered Euen as much Alexander as thou must be thy selfe contented with all in the end But at the first he misconstrued the meaning of Diogenes and thought him wonderfull couetous knowing that he himselfe had nowe most part of the world in possession and dayly striued to get the whole therefore he thought it an vnsatiable appetite of him not to be contented with lesse but after consideration on the cause he perceiued that Diogenes meant his length of ground to be sufficient patrimony for himselfe which in the end the greatest king of the earth must be contented withall then said Alexander to him againe My good friend what thing best contenteth thee in this world to whom Diogenes replied saying That thing sir King which thou art most discontented withall in the worlde which is a satisfied and contented mind to couet for no more than sufficeth which in thee saieth he I finde contrary Alexander was nothing at all offended at the reprehension of the wise Philosopher but rather smelling his owne follie said at that time Truely if I wer not Alexander I would be Diogenes But we see that he was Alexāder therefore he could not be Diogenes he was couetous therefore he could not be contented wherefore it appeareth that Diogenes had the gift of temperance not to couet his owne destruction as Alexander did but being rich in contentment despised fortune for that her force coulde not molest or touch him reiecting honour because of the mutablitie and varietie of the same regarding not life for the vncertaintie of it but liued as a man contented fearing no calamitie nor aduersitie whatsoeuer might happē to him but was readie with patience to digest it Sch. Truly it doth appeare most plaine that this man had the gift of temperance sufficiently and that he was nothing subiect to the wauering wheele of fortune neither passing of her smooth countenance nor louring looke liuing a stranger to her whereby he kept himself free from her force notwithstanding I would faine know if the end and death of him were as worthie as his life for No man is called happie before his end which being answerable I must needs confesse the man deserued merit Fa. Indeed you say true it is good in our conference orderly to proceede for the life of man cannot be so cleare but that it may be much dimmed and dusked by an ill ende making digression from the former life but truely Diogenes continued a sound Philosopher vntill his end at his death it is said that he lying grieuously sicke perceiuing it a thing vnpossible for him to recouer his former health by feeling his aged body so much weakened and hauing in this great extremitie of sicknesse smal friends to comfort or relieue him threw himselfe downe tumbling from the top of a bridge abutting néere to the common place of excercises and commanded the kéeper or ouer-séer of the bridge that when life failed and breath was quite departed hee should cast his carkasse into the riuer Ilissus Adeò pro nihilo duxit mortem sepulturam Diogenes So little regarded Diogenes the inuasion of death or the tranquilitie and quietnesse of his bodie in the graue But I say not that this end was commendable in a Christian for he was long before the incarnation of Christ being an heathen man notwithstanding indued with wonderfull wisdome Againe some report of his death after this sort saying he died when he was 90. yeares olde and being at the poynt of death willed his bodie to bee left vnburied saying That he would not be troublesome to his friends to digge and delue for him who had no pleasure in their paine vnlesse they would doo it to auoide the smell and stincking sauor whereby he were likely to annoy them but when his friends asked him whether he would lie aboue the ground to be deuoured of birds and beastes No friends

being wonderfully beloued of the Romanes and honoured excéedingly for his happie successes in his warres grew in the ende so proud that he disdained anie superiour which ambitious minde caused his shamefull destruction First being but a youth he entered into Africke committing there most horrible slaughters of the Africans subduing their Countrey to the Romane Empire returning to Rome from thence he spéedely marched into Spaine where he ouercame in Battaile the most valiaunt Captaine Sertorius beeing then an Exile in Spaine and before inuincible He also vanquished the great king of Pontus called Mithridates with a mightie number of people For which great victories he triumphed in Rome twise not being filled with these great conquests and murders of distressed people nor satisfied with his stately triumphs but forthwith inuaded and conquered these realmes and nations as Armenia Cappadocia Paphlagonia Media Cilicia Mesopotamia Iudea Arabia Colchis Iberia Albania and Syria for the which also he triumphed in Rome In these warres he gathered a mightie masse of treasure whereby he both inriched the common treasure-house of Rome and also himselfe the gold which he brought to Rome from the spoiles of these wars was 2000. talents which amounteth of our mony to 28026600. pounds beside that which he gaue to euery priuat souldior which was sixe pounds to euery man therefore it is to be thought that in so great an hoast as pertained to the cōquests of so many countries must needs extend to a wonderfull summe of money If then the summe which was preserued did amount to such a mightie masse It is also to be supposed the priuat spoiles and booties of the common souldiors did arise to a great quantitie which was not openly declared Wherefore it is to be considered how that Pompey thorough his vnsatiable appetite did spoile and sacke on infinite number of statelie Cities and rich towns with the sheding of huge streams of bloud in the gathering together of this mucke for which cause also manie thousands of his people lost their liues Returning to Rome with the rich spoiles his haughtie pride much more increased in somuch that no Romane in what office soeuer might be his péere no nor scant his equall and to establish his estate the better he married Iulia the daughter of Iulius Caesar a mightie Roman but this friendship not long continued for Iulia died then coulde not Caesar and Pompey agrée for the stately pride of the one could not brooke or digest the haughty mind of the other whereby there grew amongst the Romans great controuersie and debate insomuch that in the ende it came to bloudie blows and mightie slaughters as wel of Romans themselues as of infinite thousands of strange nations and forren people but at the last Pompey was vanquished and forced to flie priuily by sea into Aegypt where by the conduct of king Ptolomeus he was slaine in a bote his head being stricken off and his body cast on the stround where it was but poorely buried Thus died Pompey when he had liued thrée score yeares spending his time in sheding bloud whose proude minde in his aged time would not suffer his body to rest but in striuing and contending for superioritie he most shamefully lost his life Thus good friend it is manifest what aspiring mindes gaine in the end For further proofe whereof it might more sufficiently be prooued by the fall of diuers other kings and princes which at this time I omit hoping that these few examples shall as well suffice as if I had more amply related or apparantly expressed them by further examples Scho. Sir for your great courtesie herein I yéelde you most hartie thankes not being willing to trouble you any further in these examples for you haue most plainely manifested the reward of discontentment the incident ende of aspiring mindes the imminent perill which doeth dayly hang ouer the climers for superioritie so that first from the beginning being certified of the state of man wherein is shewed that he holdeth nothing proper of himselfe but borroweth what he hath of others by reason of his nakednesse then also what an vncertaine thing life it selfe is in this naked bodie of man so that man being of this bare and base mettell ought not to thinke himselfe immortall then also what was more necessary to gouerne the fraile life and naked bodie of man than temperance showing the quietnesse and happie state to the possessors thereof And now in like sort in these your last examples what troubles vexations perilles and vtter confusion dooth happen and fall consequently to the wanters of the afore saide gift therefore as you haue orderlie begun so my request is that you will accordinglie procéede forward Fa. Truly friend there are many enimies to the life of man which for their pleasantnesse at the first are taken as deere friends for the nature of man is to account that a friendlie pleasure which fullie satisfieth his lewde vaine and gréedie appetite although after it shortly turneth him to destruction The wise Marcus Cato finding out and perceiuing that worldlie muck as heapes of gould and siluer which is but mettle of the earth was one of the chiefest enimies and aduersaries to the quiet state and peaceable rest of man when hee came from the conquest of Spaine hauing gathered a great masse of treasure together First considered to himselfe what inconuenience this money and coyne might purchase either to himselfe or to any of his friends which might possesse too great a quantitie thereof also fearing that if he should bring it into the tresurie of Rome it would trouble and disquiet the whole bodie of the Senat who hauing sufficient before as Cato thought might therewith purchase the death and destruction of many thousands of Romans and other people for as he thought if they had such a huge masse of treasure they would haue prouided to conquer the world if it had bin possible for them Which thing he might well conceiue for that he at that time was commanded and sent by the Senat to make a cōquest of Spaine but wise Cato foreséeing all these euills and expected harmes at his retourne out of Spaine towards Rome gaue to euerie one of his Souldiers which were a mightie number a pound waight of siluer because hee would dissolue and seperate the suspected mischiefe knowing also that the monie was vnreuocable againe out of so many holders hands saying better it were that many should returne to Rome with siluer then a few with golde which as Cato supposeth is one of the most speciallest enimies to the quiet state and gouernement of man bréeding trouble and vexation to the minde which otherwise would be in quiet rest In like manner Crates a Philosopher perceiuing what vnquietnesse the goods of this world bred to the mind of man threw his riches and treasure into the sea because they should neither molest or trouble himselfe nor otherwise infect his friends with auarice saying Packe hence you vngratious appetites

prison in Chalciaeco where he was miserably starued to death But before he died wrastling with hunger and fighting for life death with famishment further séeing before his face a most miserable lamentable and wofull end remembred vpon a sodaine the saying of Simonides crying out with a loud and pitifull voice thrée seuerall times in this sort saying O Simonides magnum quiddam in tuo sermone inerat ego vero inani persuasione sum adductus vt eum nullius momenti putarem O friend Simonides in thy watchword was a great and weighty matter included but as for me I was caried away with vaine persuasions and made small account of thy wise warning Also Craesus the rich king of Lydia because Solon would not account of him aboue all mortall men then liuing but rather preferred other honest men in beautitude and happy estate farre aboue Crasus nothing regarding the huge heapes of money and mighty masses of treasure which he then possessed Wherewith he was so eleuated with pride that he farre excelled and excéeded all earthly and mortall creatures in his owne conceit Most sharply reprehending Solon for that he so little regarded his mighty power as to preferre any man in blessed estate aboue him whom he ought not so much as once to compare with any mortall man but rather to haue lifted and extolled him to the heauens and recounted him amongst the Gods immortall For which his stately pride and vaine folly he was accordingly punished as is before rehearsed Where he most hartely repented himself of his foolish vanitie Nay there were diuers kings which not onely contented themselues with the stately stile of immortall Gods or satisfied themselues when their subiects both seperated made a difference betwixt them as farre as the heauens from the earth but also commaunded themselues to be adored and worshipped as the very liuing God and that all knees should bowe and be obedient at the hearing of their names as Nabuchodonozer the great and mighty King of Babylon when he perceiued that his power made the worlde to shrinke grewe so proud that he would be a God on the earth setting vp his picture or image commaunding those to be slaine which would not fall downe worship it but see how the high God plagued him most iustly for his proud folly taking his kingdome from him for a time to the intent he might know perceiue a difference betwixt the liuing God and his mortall carkasse being also transformed to an vgly shape of a beast whose head was like the head of an Oxe his feete like to the feete of a Beare his taile like the tayle of a Lyon and euerie haire on his bodie as big as an Eagles feather and he that would be a God before thinking the earth too vile and base for him to tread on was now faine to lay his flapping lips to the ground to gather his food and did eate hay the space of 7. yeres together being at the last againe restored both to his former shape and dignitie Alexander Magnus when hee had conquered most part of the world returned to Babylon holding ther his Parliament summoning the Kings of the earth to come and worship the sonne of Iupiter making such account of himselfe putting diuers to most cruel death who would not consent to his vile folly nor adore him as a God yea and those that were his very friends who had before time preserued him from death and also from diuers dangers which otherwise had greatly annoyed and molested him hee plagued with most vile torments because they would not vphold and maintaine his monstrous errour Notwithstanding for all these gréeuous punishments there were that could not brooke his stately pride but sharply reprehended laughed him openly to scorne for the wise Anaxarchus hearing that this God fell sicke on some sodaine sicknesse and that the Phisitions were sent for to him who ministred purgations vnto him and prescribed certaine receipts and potions for the recouerie of his health whereat he floutingly said thus At deo nostro spes omnis in sorbilatione patellae pofita est What is all the hope of our goodly God come now to the sipping of a platter for in such vessells were the confections and sirops giuen by the Phisitions Further saying after a scoffing manner It had been necessarie first that he should haue been Gods fellowe before he presumed to be a God in deed for so perhaps hee might haue purchased and obtained the good will of the Gods in attaining to his desired seate But he scaped not vnpunished to show the difference betwixt God and man whose miserable death is néedlesse to repeate being before spoken of Also Agrippa the sonne of Aristobolus after his good successes by the lewd entisement of his flattering counsailors and thorough the foolish perswasions of seruants was cōtent to haue such honour done to him as was due to a God yea also to suffer himselfe to be called by the name of a God notwithstanding he had before béen taken prisoner by Tiberius and vsed most cruelly in prison not like a man for he was gyued chayned with mighty chaines to yron But beeing afterward deliuered by Caligula who made him King of the Iewes setting a crowne of golde on his head giuing him a chaine of golde of the same weight that he had before worne in prison of yron so that by such sodaine changes his minde was so eleuated and lifted vp with pride that he no longer would be man but suffered himself to be wondred at by the people as a God causing himselfe so to bee tearmed and called by his subiects but in the ende hee was striken with an Angell in the sight of an infinite number of people wherewith his bodie smelled and wormes issued out with intollerable paines and horrible stench In the which torments grieuous paines he looked on his euill counsailors and flattring seruants saying Loe I whom you called a God am nowe in the paines of death And so most miserably hee died In like sort Menecrates being but a Phisition because he had cured diuers and sundrie diseases to his great fame and commendation did so swell in pride that hee called himselfe Iupiter or Iuuans Pater this arrogant asse sent vpon a time to Philip king of Macedony a letter wherein was written this sawcie salutation Menecrates Iupiter Philipo salutem c. Menecrates Iupiter to Philip sendeth greeting c. Whose vaunting vaine the King perceiuing wrote back againe in this manner and forme folowing Philippus Menecrati sanitatem c. Philip Macedo to Menecrates wisheth well fare c. Consulo vt ad Anticyram te conferas I counsaile thee to take thy iorney to Anticyra meaning by this drye frump that the man was moonesick and besides his wittes the aforesaide Philip on a time made a sumptuous and costly banquet whereunto he inuited and bad Menecrates commanding his seruants that there

be as ioyfull vnto them as the restitution of their daughter vndefiled Then Scipio being ouercome with their long and vehement intercession caused the saide summe to be layd on the ground before his feete and calling Lucius againe to him hee said Beside the dowrie that you shall receiue of your Father in law for the mariage of his daughter ye also shall take this gift at my hande With which his great gift and also much honor done to him beside he returned home to his house countrey declaring to euery man the honor magnificence of noble Scipio saying There was a young man come most like a God who both with his power in warre and also with his gentlenes and liberalitie in peace had ouercome all the countrey Not long after this young Gentleman leauing his house and familie in good order returned to Scipio bringing with him 1400. good horsemen to the ayde and succour of the Romanes Thus first Scipio began with mercy lenity and gentle courtesie which was the cause that he gote in the end to the Romanes such notable and mightie victories The great Pompey neuer gate the like renowne in all his conquest of Spaine and Affrike nor in the subduing of the valiant Sertorius neither in the victories of Armenia Cappadocia Arabia Iberia Mesopotamia with diuers other Prouinces and Kingdomes as he did by his great courtesie For when in his warres against Mithridates he had taken certaine noble matrons and beutifulll virgins he caried a vigilant eye ouer them neither abusing any of them himselfe nor suffering his captains or souldiers to dishonour or dishonest them in any case calling them all together before him comforting them with sweete wordes in the best maner he coulde saying That none vnder paine of death should offer them villanie graunting foorth his safeconduct to them that they might be conueyed to their husbandes parents and friends with honour vndefiled richly rewarding them with iewels which he had taken in his warres protesting also vnto them that he for his part was most heartely sorrie that it was his hap so to fright and terrifie such hurtlesse creatures requesting them to take it in good part for such was the chaunce and casualtie of warre for which gentle behauiours had it not béen for certaine other lewd vices which are before mentioned he had attained to péerlesse praise Alexander the great king of Macedon although hee frequented a number of most notable and bad vices yet were it no reason to burie in obliuion and forgetfulnesse couering as it were in the graue of silence the gentle courtesie and manly pietie which hee showed in most ample maner to the distressed houshold and familie of king Darius For euen at such time as the mightie Warres began betwéene these two Princes In the second Battaile and conflict Alexander had a great victorie against Darius and the Persians taking the tents with all the bag baggage appertaining to the King and the Persians and also for a pray amongst other booties hee tooke prisoners the mother wife sister and the two daughters of King Darius his enemie whome when Alexander came to comfort beeing in great sorrow and distresse they beholding him comming with an armed troupe pitifully schritched and lamentably cried out as if they then should presently haue been slaine falling downe prostrate at the féete of Alexander beséeching him that they might before they died burie the dead bodie of their Lord Darius whom they supposed to be slaine in that bloudie fight and that now wheras he was a man and had at this time gotten a most noble and manly victorie against Darius their Lord and King so to behaue himselfe towards those poore distressed creatures who were altogether vnguiltie of that pitiful slaughter being as it were present in the Armie with their friend for their countreyes cause and in defence of their libertie in which also their Lord King Darius was now slaine therefore now that he would vouchsafe to bestow the bodie of their slain friend on them that they might doo to him in their life the rights of buriall and then said they O Alexander our liues be at thy cōmaundement Alexander beeing greatly mooued with pitie séeing their bitter teares and considering the hard hap and bad destinie of so noble Dames bewayled their distressed case with wéeping further comforting them saying that Darius theyr Lord and King was aliue and at libertie still with his owne force and power and although he was ouercome in that fight yet was he readie to giue newe battaile againe as in déede hee did causing them to banish feare from them for that no iniurie or wrong should happen to them giuing also commaundement that they should be prouided for and vsed as to their high estate and dignitie appertained giuing good words and comfort vnto the two yong Daughters of Darius wishing them assuredly to thinke and firmely to perswade themselues that hee woulde haue as great care to bestowe them in marriage if King Darius their father did die and perish in these warres as he liuing with a fatherly care would prouide for them and that with no base or obscure mates Which thing when Darius was truely certified of and of the courteous entertainement of his mother wife and sister being all prisoners and captiues at the hands of Alexander his enemie although he then was able to geue battaile to the strongest king of the earth for he agayne had gathered a most mightie and huge armie was already ouercome and conquered with the gentle courtesies of his enemie altogether vnwilling to fight against so friendly a foe wherfore he sent his letters to Alexander requiring him that he might redéeme his captiues promising a mightie summe masse of money for their raunsome Notwithstanding Alexander would receiue no money but required his whole kingdome for their redemption Darius not willing to fight with so friēdly an enemie sent his letters to Alexander the second time offering one of his daughters in mariage with part of his kingdome to him if it might please him to accept thereof But the vnsatiable Alexander could not be content with part vnlesse he might haue all the whole And as for the offer of his daughters he returned this answere saying He had them already and could doe with them his pleasure Now was Darius forced to goe against his friendly foe the thirde time hoping to get his prisoners and yet notwithstanding louing and honouring the very name of Alexander for the great courtesie and lenitie he had shewed to his familie The army and power of Darius was at this time foure hundred thousand footmen and an hundred thousand horsmen thus marching toward his enemie Alexander it was told him in his iorney that his wife was dead whose death Alexander lamented with teares and caused a noble funerall to be appointed doing to her the greatest honor he could deuise comforting the rest requesting them not so heauely to take the death of their friend whose

and valiant captaines whom they craue to haue againe by way of exchange and so may you haue me againe here at libertie in Rome notwithstanding first for my auncient authoritie in this our commonwealth then for my approued good wil towards my coūtrey and last in respect of my graue and aged yeares and here by the vertue and dignitie of my place in the Senate house I am to determine causes confer about the good of our weale publique and to haue as great a care for the preseruation both of our Citie and Countrey in as ample manner as the rest of you my fellowe Senators therefore most honourable Fathers being thus strongly warred vpon by so mighty a people who seeke daily to subuert our state throwe down our citie and spoyle our commonwealth the cause is therefore wisely to be considered on First for mine owne part as you all do know I am old decrepite and of little force of body not like long to continue Againe the Captaines whom you holde of the Carthaginians are both lustie valiant and couragious gentlemen likely to perfourme and doe great seruice against you to the great hurt of the Commonwealth Therefore Fathers conscript by the vertue of may aforsaid authorities I wil neuer consent to the redeliuering or redeeming of such perilous enemies but will with a willing heart returne to the Carthaginians from whence I came to saue both the honor of my countrey and the credite of my name from perpetuall infamie lest that we should be hereafter by the Carthaginians our enemies accounted and reprochfully tearmed the confringers of martiall rights Thus the graue Senators by no meanes could perswade the good old man to make such exchange as the Carthaginians offered but would néedes return for his countreis sake although he knew he went to present death and cruel torment Thus went Attilus Regulus to the enemie who after they had bound him cut of his eye lids and set him in a hollow tree vpright filled full of sharp and pricking nailes there continuing in most horrible paine vntill he died Thus did he carry a faithfull heart and noble courage in his countreis cause willing to lose his life for the profite and welfare of his weale publique In like sort Gobrias a Persian holding in his armes by force in a dark chamber him who was a traytor to his countrey insomuch that when one of his fellowes came to his ayde to help to slaye the traytor he cryed out to his friend saying Stay not thy blowe but thrust him thorow although thereby thou doest kill me also so that he escape not from vs to the further hurte of our Countrey therefore presently run thy sword thorow him and so shall our Common-wealth be freed from a wicked traytor Thus Gobrias esteemed not his life in deliuering his countrey from an enemie Codrus king of Athens for the sauegard of his publick weale went to present death willingly and with a valiant courage For at such time as there was warres betwixt him and the Dorians the Dorians went to the oracle of Apollo at Delphos to know who should be victors in that war begun to whom this answere was made That they should be coquerors if they killed not the king of Athens Then was proclamation made in all the Dorian campe to spare and preserue aliue the Athenian king But Codrus hearing of the answere of Apollo and being aduertised of their proclamation did foorthwith change his garmēts in most deformed maner with a wallet full of bread on his shoulders and went priuely to the campe of the Dorians and wounded a certaine od fellow among their Tentes with a sharpe hooke or sickle which hee had prepared for the nonce In reuenge whereof the wounded fellowe slewe Codrus the king but after when the body was knowen the order of his death the Dorians departed without battaile remembring the diuine answere of the Oracle wherby the Athenian king freed his countrey frō peril which otherwise had béen in great danger It is also reported that Lycurgus after he had made diuers good lawes to be obserued kept of his coūtreimē fained that they were made by the cōsent of the Oracle at Delphos And when he perceiued that these lawes statutes were to the great benefit of his countrey fayned that he would go to Delphos for further counsel And to the intent they should kéep those lawes vntill he returned from thence firme and sure he made the whole body of the commonwealth to sweare binde themselues by oath to keepe vnuiolated and vnbroken those lawes which then he had set downe vntill such time that he returned againe from Delphos but because he would haue those statutes remaine and be of force for euer in his Countrey hee went the next way to Créete and not to Delphos where he liued in exile banishing himselfe from his Countrey so long as he liued and at his death because his bones should not be caried into his Countrey whereby his Countreymen might think themselues discharged of their oathes and full fréed from their vowe he caused his bones to be burned and the ashes thereof to be throwen into the sea to the intent that neither he himselfe nor any part of him being left should be brought backe into his Countrey by which meanes he caused his Countreymen perpetually to kéepe those good and holesome lawes to the vnspekable profit of the Commonwealth Zopirus a nobleman of Persia also tendering his Prince Countrey insomuch that when the great Citie of Babylon rebelled against Darius his Lord and king to the great trouble vexation of the whole commonwealth and could by no meanes be subdued he then in fauor of his prince and countrey priuily and vnawares went and cut off his owne nose lips eares and in other deformed maner pitifully mangling his body fled into the City of Babylon saying that Darius his master and certain other of his cruell Countreymen had so shamefully disfigured and martyred him because saith he I perswaded him to haue peace with your citie Which when they heard greatly pitying his distressed case and in recompence thereof made him chiefe captain and gouernor of their towne by which meanes he yéelded vp the rebellious Babylonians to his soueraigne Lord the king to the great good quieting of his countrey Did not Sceuola that noble Roman whē the citie of Rome was besieged by the mighty Porsena king of Tuscane willingly run to desperat death to purchase liberty to his countrey for he apparreled him selfe in beggars cloathes came foorth of the citie by night and ranged in the enemies campe till he had found out the Tent of Persena the king minding to slay that mighty Tuscane who then so strongly compassed and enuironed their citie But he mistaking the king slewe his Secretary and missed his marke who being thereupon presently taken and his pretended purpose further knowen Porsena the king caused a great fire to be made to burne

vntill such time that experience hath caught their follie But now againe to our purposed procéedings Hath it not béen séene that the stately pride and loftie lordlinesse of diuers hath purchased to others great quietnes Is it not sufficiently knowen that before this last warre betwixt the Carthaginians the Romanes there was an auncient peace and league taken and agreed vpon betwixt them deuiding their Empires with the riuer of Iberius and that their two Segniories should ioyntly be knowen the one from the other for that the haughtie pride and loftie statelinesse of them both could not brook the controlment each of other therefore they thus diuided their Empires not tollerating the imperial minds of each other because they were both a strong and mightie people still contending vntill that agreement which of them both shuld enioy possesse the whole This at that time happened thorough the stately pride of them both There were a people namely the Saguntines who dwelt betwixt both their Empires and deuided their Segniories in equall sort which people before were vnder the obedience of the Romanes but now in great controuersie which of those stately Empires should inioy and possesse them for that it did lye so cōuenient for them both Thus after long contending when neither partie would yeeld that the other should enioy it at the last this was agreed vpon betwixt them both that the Saguntines lying so in the middle should be a border and bank to both their Empires remaining a tree people at libertie frō both their powers neither of them medling with the gouernment of theyr Common wealth nor troubling their Countrey in respect vppon paine of the breach of auncient amitie but should let them wholly alone to their owne rule and gouernment Thus was Sagunt freed from her proud neighbors who for a long time had kept her vnder subiection and seruitude by reason of their imperiall mindes and now againe through their stately pride set at libertie and fréed from such slauerie as before they were holden in In like case when the Athenians and Megarences had manie times fought togeather in diuers most cruell and bloudie battailes for the superioritie and regiment of the Isle Salamina hauing on both parts well tyred themselues with the dayly slaughters and lamentable losses of their people in the end being so wearied with the calamities of warre they were willing on either sior to constitute and ordaine a law that none vnder paine of death should dare on either part to speak or moue warre against Salamina but that it shuld be at frée libertie from them both Did not Ptolome King of Aegypt and Antigone Prince of the Phrigians so mallice and contemne one the other that to despite and displease each other they restored to libertie manie Cities of Greece which were quietly possessed by them before so that the Grecians although for a time they were restrained from their libertie yet notwithstanding they were in the ende againe clearely fréed from such seruitude by the malicious and proud contending of those Imperiall minded Princes Now whereas our purpose is to showe the inconueniences of cruell warre rather commending the peaceable and quiet state of the weale publique than the bitternesse of warre and bloudie fight neither is my entent so to disswade a Common wealth from the prouision of warre that in time of néede they should altogether be destitute of armour men weapon to beate downe and kéepe backe the proud inuading foe but rather exhorting earnestly wishing them to vse and practise all manner of commendable actions in militarie and martiall affaires to become both expert and skilfull in warlike prowesse onely to the end to defend their owne quiet and well gouerned Common wealth but forasmuch as the hazard of battaile and the stay wheron the whole state dependeth ought not to be giuen and yéelded into the hands of such desperate youths such fresh water souldiors and such proud minded perfons as will neither heare anie friendly counsaile wise aduice nor sage warning of him who hath béene before taught by experience but will with an ouer-rash and vnbridled selfe will as they say with a flantarowe all a brauado run headlong without anie good or gouernment hazarding the spoyle of their souldiers ieoparding the subuersion of a Kingdome venturing the whole state to them committed in one hower to the mutable and vnstedfast chaunce of frowning Fortune There I say is to bee expected as great calamitie as Minutius brought to the Romanes Hanniball to the Carthaginians and Paris to the Troians who by their wilfull follies wrought great miserie to their Countryes neither is the Enemie to bee repelled nor battaile to bee prouided for with superfluous and excessiue brauerie as though they would contend with feathers scarffes trim knackes and such other painted and gilded stuffe hoping to daunt and feare the foe with such vaine toyes Nay surely it dooth incoruage the Enemie hoping to recouer that rich pray spoyle perswading themselues that such vaine pride procéedeth from a fond and foolish wit through which conceipt the enemie is the more better stirred to battaile It may be that some will obiect this saying It is not wisedome nor by anie meanes tollerable to disswade the yong souldiour from that which dooth increase his courage more willingly to follow martiall feates and warlike affaires saying also it is for the honour of his Countrey to come to the field like a braue souldiour meaning by his outward braue attyre gorgeous furniture and other their ordinarie brauerie by them vsed Whereunto I aunswere after this manner Hanniball after he had contended in sharpe and mortall warres long time against the Romanes and was in conclusion beaten out of Italy by the prudence of the valiant Scipio he fled to King Antiochus who at that time had gathered a great power to warre on the Romanes The Armie beeing in a readinesse Antiochus called the wife and politike Captaine Hanniball to the top of a verie high hill shewing him all his whole power being gathered together from all parts of his Dominions for the same purpose This Armie was excéeding sure in the Kings opinion for the Souldiours targets glittered all with Orient golde their armours also wonderfully furnished with golde and rich pearle to conclude euerie thing marueilous sumptuous and braue Antiochus heereat greatly boasting saide vnto Hanniball My good friend doost thou not thinke this my rich and mightie Armie to be inough and sufficient for the proud Romanes Who presently fell into a great laughter laughing Antiochus to scorne for his superfluous vanitie and foolish folly saving in slouting sort Yes truely Antiochus although the Romanes were the most vnsatiable people and discontented Nation of the world Meaning that their rich booties and spoyles would be sufficient and inough againe for the Romanes knowing notwithstanding that their power would prooue small inough to match with them for that he himselfe before had well tried and felt their force

the successors of Alexander with the vtter desolation of their state ALexander surnamed the Great lying very sicke on his death bed at Babylon was asked of his friends in the very extreame and last article of death to whome he would leaue his realme and royall dignities whereunto he answered to the most worthie of the gouernment thereof which answere caused great dissension to arise betwixt the successours insomuch that open hostility and warre was presently proclamed among them euery one thinking himselfe as worthie as the rest the one thorow his stately pride would not suffer himselfe to be subiect or inferiour to the other so that the whole Captaines and péeres being commonly called the successours of Alexander fell to cruell warre the one against the other vtterly spoyling and bereuing ech other both of life and goods not ceasing vntill they had rooted out the whole stocke line of Alexander their master and also thorow gréedy auarice murdred and consumed themselues But first it is necessarie that we orderly procéed in the historie for the better vnderstanding of the Reader Alexander now being dead the Princes presently vpon his decease fell to sedition controuersie and disagreement amongest themselues for the regiment of the footemen were whollie determined to aduaunce Aride to the kingdome who although sonne to Philip and brother vnto Alexander yet notwithstanding hee was attained with the vncurable disease of the mind by reason whereof the rest of the Princes and Captains which garded Alexander his body hauing wyth them the horsemen condescended and agreed by one whole common consent to reare warre against the footemen rather than they woulde suffer their insolent boldenesse for they woulde haue Perdicas aduaunced whome Alexander at the houre of his death gaue his ring which deputed him as Gouernour but before they enterpriced the matter they thought best is send certaine of the chiefest and most honourable personages in their company with an Embassade to the footemen among whome one Meleager was appointed chiefe principall Embassador to dissuade them to desist and leaue off their attempt but so soone as Meleager was come amongest them hee neuer made mention of the Embassade committed to him but contrarywise approuing and allowing their attempt and enterprise did all that in him lay to maintaine and support them against the horsemen and the other Princes so that the footemen hauyng good liking of his counsaile and courage ordeined him foorthwyth their Coronell and thereuppon armed themselues to giue battaile vnto the aduersarie howbeit certayne of the wisest and most circumspect deepely weying and considering the case how it did stand he concluded a finall peace wherein in was agréed that Aride brother to Alexander shoulde be established King and Perdicas thiefe of the Macedonian Princes and also gouernour to Aride the King and vnto the rest of the Princes and chiefe of the army were diuided and giuen the administrations and gouernements of the prouinces lately vnder the subiection of Alexander their Master which administrations and presidentships the Greekes called Satrapies and the Gouernours of the same Prouinces Satrapes conditionally that euerie of the saide Princes at all times shoulde be subiect and obedient vnto Aride the King and also to Perdicas his Gouernor Now when Perdicas by reason of his Gouernorship had taken vpon him the rule ouer the rest he forthwith assembled all the Princes and chiefe Captaines and assigned to euery of them certaine Prouinces to gouerne namely first he bestowed the gouernement of Aegypt on Ptolome the son of Lage on Laomedō Syria on Philotes Cilicia on Phiton Media on Eumenes Paphlagonia and Cappadocia on Antigone Pamphilia and Licia on Cassander Caria on Meleager Lydia and on Leonat the lesser Phrygia which bordereth about Hellespont In this sort was diuided the prouinces of Asia In Europe was appointed to Lysimachus the country of Thrace to Antipater Macedonia besides al these he constituted and ordayned Seleucus Captaine general of the horsemen called the soldiors being the chiefe office and most honorable in the army which charge Ephestion first had whom Alexander entirely loued and after him Perdicas Craterus also whome Alexander dearely loued was appointed chiefe Captaine ouer ten thousand in the army royall and as touching the transporting of Alexander his bodie vnto the Temple of Iupiter Hammon the setting vp of his toombe the apparelling thereof wyth the furniture and solemnization of the funeralls the most charge was committed vnto Aride the king brother to Alexander Thus when Perdicas had placed these Princes and diuers other in such Prouinces and places as himselfe thought good He also assembled them together making them priuie of the marueylous enterprises ordinances of their master Alexander deceased which things are worthie remembrance for he shewed vnto them what things Alexāder in his life had appointed to be done purposed to haue done if he had liued and therefore now at his death required him the rest of the Paeres to accomplish these his determinations with all speede and expedition which ordinances were woonderfull of great charges And because that Perdicas himselfe woulde not goe about to derogate the authoritie honor of Alexāder his dead master he committed the matter to the deliberation of them all being present crauing their consents to the frustrating of those escripts and appointments which seemed so difficult almost vnpossible to be brought to passe For first hee ordayned that a thousand tal gallies should be built longer bigger than any where in Phenicia Syria Cilicia or Ciprus to war against the Carthaginians and certaine other regions bordering vpon the Lybian and Spanish seas to the end he would haue been Lord ouer all those seas hard to the pillers of Hercules He also ordeyned that there should be erected fiue royal honorable temples to the value of 500. talents euery of them and further that ther should be cut out large and wide harborowes in places fitte and for y e purpose to ride at harborow the said nauy of gallies that done he commanded diuers great and mighty cities to be built and those to be peopled as foloweth First that the inhabitāts of Asia should be brought into Europe the inhabitāts of Europe into Asia to the end that they being conioyned in mariage and affinitie they should alway continue in amitie together and for the places where the tēples should be erected he appointed that one should be at Delos in the honor of Iupiter Dodone one in Macedon to Iupiter Nidie one in Amphipolis to the Goddesse Diana of Scythia the other two of the honor of the goddess Pallas the one in Syrene the other in Illy which Temple in Illy hee would should be so excellent sumptuous that y e like no where should be found Besides al these he appointed a tōbe to be built in fashiō of a Pyramide or brooch in y e honor of his father Philip far excelling them in Egypt which are thought to be the

aliances and families at the handes of the Grecians and suffered with bagge and baggage fréely to passe from the burning towne and slaughtered heapes of their betrayed Countreymen But nowe more rightly to decipher vnfaithfull Aeneas whom Virgil oftentimes in his prophane verses doth call Pius Aeneas as doth appeare in the 3. book of the Aeneidos saving Parce pias scelerare manus non me tibs Troia c. And in the 6. book Principuè pius Aeneas tum iussu Sibyllae Also in the 7. book At pius exequijs Aeneas ritè solutis c. First it is to be considered that Aeneas was the onely man that led doting Paris to that vnaduised enterprise accompanying him into Lacedemon Then afterwards in the greatest extremitie of his Countrimen for sauegard of his owne life he betrayed the towne and was the chiefest instrument to bring aged Priamus to an vntimely death with all the whole Troian State For perceiuing the Greekes meant sharply to reuenge thēselues on the whole race of Priamus for the vile abuse of Paris his leawd sonne Aeneas hauing married Crusa one of the daughters of the said Priamus then knowing the intent of the fierse Greekes presently with willing consent committed his louing wife to the murdering enimie that no let or impediment might be of his owne escape Notwithstanding Virgil alwaies fauoring wretched Aeneas because the Romans deriue the pedegrée from the fugitiue Troyans after a more cunninger sort saith that he lost Crusa his wife in the burning towne altogether against his will when he with his father and the rest of his familie made hast to scape from the persecuting foe Also other of the Romans going about to hide the vnfaithfulnes of their predicessor saie thus of him that at such time as Troy was taken by the Gretians Agamemnon their chiefe captaine greatly pittying the perplexities and miseries of the Captiues made this generall Proclamation in the Gretian tongue that it shoulde bee lawfull for euery Citizen which was frée to conuay and carrie away with them some one thing or other what they themselues would best like of most tenderly loued Aeneas therefore contemning all other things of great valew and estimation carried out with him the gods of hospitality which when the Greekes beheld and considered the vertious gratious inclination of the gentleman as they say gaue him leaue in like manner to take and chuse one thing what be most made of among all his goods riches and possesions Aeneas vsing the benefit of this their mercifull graunt tooke his father being olde and ancient vpon his shoulders and bore the burden of his bodie out of the Citie whereat the Grecians being wonderfully astonished left vnto him the substaunce of all his wealth vndiminished adding these wordes importing a testimonie of their opinion conceiued towards him Pietatem in homines deos exercentibus parentésque reuerenter colentibus c. Such as behaue themselues religiously toward the gods and vse themselues reuerently to their parents must of necessitie make blunt the sharpe edge of the irefull enemie But this sauoureth nothing of the truth for Dictys Cretensis seruing the Grecians against the Troians during all the warre to the intent that he should note the yearly aduentures which fortuned it is to be thought that being a Grecian and in all places setting foorth the worthy praise of his Countreymen to the verie vttermost would neuer so staine y e valor of the Greekes as to say they could not take the Towne by force but were forced to vse trecherous means to obtain their purpose Notwithstanding it might haue béen suspected although he had written that Troy was taken by the Greekes by manly force and stout courage in despite of the Troians that then he had flattered the Greekes his Countreymen whose pen most commonly after the largest manner is giuen to set out their Countries glorie wherefore it is certainly to bee beléeued that Aeneas with his confederates was corrupted and yéelded vp the towne to the enemie or els Dictys Cretensis would neuer so much haue abased his Countrey men as to affirme this Tunc placitum est omnibus fidem dari foedere firmari iureiurando stringi eo pacto vt si oppidum proxima nocte tradidissent Aencae Antenori Vcaligoni necnon liberis coniugibus propinquis amicis suisque omnibus fides seruaretur Then Aeneas as Dictys reporteth being at a point with the Greekes concerning the yeelding vp of the Towne firmely gaue faith on all parts by solemne vowe being bound on this condition that if the next night they yelded their Citie to the Grecians that then both Aeneas Antenor and Vcaligon together with their Wiues Children Families Friends and Kindred with all their goods and riches whatsoeuer should be faithfully spared and right carefully kept from hurt by any of the said Grecians which plighted promise was on either part firmely obserued for the next night Troy was treacherously yelded vp by Aeneas and his traiterous crew and the Grecians according to promise spared the betrayers thereof Notwithstanding the vnfaithfulnes of Aeneas was greatly noted by the Greekes for when hee had betrayed both his aged Prince stately Empire strong towne he could not be found faithful to the Grecians but sought to flowt and mocke them at whose handes he had obteyned life and liberty insomuch that when Agamemnon and Pyrrhus the sonne of Achylles made diligent enquirie and earnest search after Polixena daughter to Hecuba who so vilely had dealt with noble Achylles nowe minding sharply to reuenge his fathers death on that disloyall wretch and therefore earnestly striued to finde her out Aeneas who coulde neither be faithfull to his friendes nor enemies sought out meanes to hide Polixena from the fury of Pyrrhus Achylles sonne but fierce Pyrrhus not ceasing vntill hee had founde her out in reuengement of his fathers death he cruelly sacrificed her on his toomb For which vnfaithfull part of Aeneas as Dictis Cretensis reporteth Tunc Agamemnon iratus Aenea quòd Polixenam absconderat cum omnibus suis à patria protinus discedere iubet that then Agamemnon king of the Greekes being greatly angry wyth Aeneas for that he had hidden out of the way faire Polixena by whose vnfaithfull meanes his good companion noble Achylles was vntimely slaine for which cause he presently commaunded him to depart out of the Countrey and for that hee before had promised him both landes goods and all other things whatsoeuer were knowne to be his owne hee foorthwith compelled him to take whatsoeuer him best liked also to bestow his lands at his own pleasure for there he should no longer stay Thus after Aeneas had betrayed his Countrey he himselfe with the other rable rout of his treacherous companions were forced to wander at sea attending what destiny would bestow on them spoyling robbing in diuers coasts and countries where he landed in the end chancing on the country of Affrica he

there was on either side in lamentable sort That Phrygia soile did flowe with blood the world can giue report When Phrygia thus was ouer-run by Grecians ouer stout Vnto the Troyan walls they marchde and compast it about Where Pryam held his stately court not passing of their spight Nor fearing future hap at all but still maintained fight Where from the top of stately walls we dayly might beholde Right neere our sight the slaughters great of Troyan youth full bolde And Greekes likewise on euery side the Troyans fierce did daunt They lay on heapes wherefore as yet they iustly could not vaunt Nor brag for that their mighty peeres in bloodie broile were slaine Wherefore to end the warre begun to sue did not disdaine To haue faire Helen backe againe for whom this warre begunne And eke to boote they offer made yong Polidore my sonne Whom Polymnestor King of Thrace had to the Greeks betrayde When Pryam first had placed him there in hope of better ayde For when we knew the Greekes did minde to make sharpe warre with Troy To Polymnestor King of Thrace we sent our yongest boy A mighty masse and treasure great with this our sonne we sent In hope to keepe him free from warre and from the Greekes intent But then the Thracian King betrayde O vile disloyall wretch The harmelesse lad vnto the Greekes this was the traitours fetch To holde the coyne which then he had and so to yeelde the childe Vnto the Greekes for lucres sake lo thus we were beguilde Which boy the Grecians brought to Troy and made request againe That Helen Menelaus wife in Troy might not remaine But be restorde then Polidore from their hands should be free And we our sonne might haue againe and warre should ended bee But if in case that we denied and Helen did detaine Then Polidore for brothers fault should presently be slaine Olde Pryamus would not consent that Helen backe should goe But helde perforce the wanton wench in spite of proudest foe And willd them for to doo their worst for Helen meant to bide Wherefore he would not yeeld her vp what euer might be tide It well was knowne vnto the Greekes that Pryam bade her chuse To stay in Troy or goe to Greece which she did flat refuse And forbecause she willing was with Paris to be still He would by no meanes send her backe against her owne good will Then sent he word to Grecian campe if that they had decreed His sonne should die his other sonnes should make them rue the deede And that the fieldes of Troy should flowe with gorie blood full fast Vntill the Grecians did repent their enterprised hast But now alas began my woe my sorrowe did increase For neuer day from this time foorth mine eies from teares did cease O Polidore my yongest boy sweete Polidore my sonne From Troyan walles I did behold how fast the Grecians run To doe thee wrong my harmelesse childe and mightie stones did bring Thicke thronging fast with furie great at Polidore they sling Who sure was tyed at fastned stake which I from Troyan wall Might well beholde how bouncing blowes did make my childe to sprall Not ceasing till my sonne were slaine nor then but still did smight The brused bones of my sweet boy within his mothers sight O hellish plague O torture vile me thinke I see it still How Grecians raging mad did strike the harmelesse soule to kill With wringing hands I looked on yet loath to see him die I turnd my backe and strait againe I coulde not chuse but prie For this my sonne who bleeding lay so bobde with waightie stones The flesh with blowes was mangled so eche man might see the bones Yet would mine eies haue passage still to this his carkasse dead Till that my liuing sonnes from top of Troyan wals had lead Their mother downe whose folding feete her body could not stay Which they perceiued so that from thence me wretch they did conuay To Grecian campe a messenger we did commaund to trudge To craue the body of my sonne which thing they did not grudge But sent the martyrde corps to Troy as custome did require They said not nay but graunted straight when Priam did desire And also did a present send to breede me further woe The bloudy stones that kild my sonne on me they did bestowe VVhose bloud and braines in vgly sort about the stones was seen A homely present to be sent to me most wretched Queen Then shrinde we vp with weeping teares our sonne so vilely slaine And put the stones in tombe with him for euer to remaine His brothers mad with this mischaunce for battell strong prouide And to reuenge their brother slaine to Grecian Campes they hide VVhere from the walles we had in view such cruell sturdy fight That mightie men to death were sent thus battell raignd downright The Greekes by thousands fell to ground their people goe to wracke And that ere long the Troyans stout by Greekes are beaten backe Thus Fortune playes in double sort sometime with vs to stand And then to flie to thother part and geue the vpper hand But while that Hector liued in Troy king Priams eldest sonne The proudest Peere that came from Greece his mightie hand would shun And fly the field before him fast they feared so his name So fierce he fought amongst their men each Greeke dooth know the same At last my lot was so extreame to see him likewise die In turret top from lofty towne his death I did espie For when as he had slaine that day in mighty battell strong Of kingly Peeres the chiefe of all that oft had doone vs wrong And there amongst the rest he had a noble Grecian slaine VVhose armour all was beaten golde which pray he went to gaine And drew him vp vpon his steede and rode foorth of the throng And for his better ease his shield vpon his back he slong VVhile he did spoyle him of his weedes carelesse of any wight His naked breast vnarmed then Achilles had in sight How he was busie and therefore from couert where he lay By stealing steppes behinde his backe he tooke the ready way And suddenly with fatall speare ere that he could aduert He vnawares with furie great thrust Hector to the heart Thus died he thorowe auarice whom thousands could not kill Vntill his wilfull foolishnesse himselfe did fondly spill My selfe I say that time did see from top of lofty towers The Troyan fieldes besprinckled with dew of bloudy showers That Hectors launce had letten out but now his latest fate I soone had spide and did lament to see the wofull state Of this king Priams eldest sonne and eke my chiefest ioy For well I wist that while he liude no harme could hap to Troy But now Achilles ouercrowed him whom he fearde before Wherefore he stabde him thorowly that he might liue no more I saw I saw how Hector lay as dead as any stone And yet the tyrant would not leaue but