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A33602 The history of Wales comprehending the lives and succession of the princes of Wales, from Cadwalader the last king, to Lhewelyn the last prince of British blood with a short account of the affairs of Wales under the kings of England / written originally in British, by Caradoc of Lhancarvan ; and formerly published in English by Dr. Powel ; now newly augmented and improved by W. Wynne ...; Historie of Cambria Caradoc, of Llancarvan, d. 1147?; Powell, David, 1552?-1598.; Wynne, W. (William), 1649 or 50-1711? 1697 (1697) Wing C488; ESTC R12980 312,583 490

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Son Harold and his upon ●●gar Earl of Chester To this time is referred the Original of the Ste●●rds in Scotland which being a remarkable passage 〈◊〉 in a great measure dependant upon the Affairs 〈◊〉 the Welch is requisite to be here recorded Mac●●●h King of Scotland having caused Bancho a Noble-●●n of that Kingdom to be inhumanly murdered ●ence Bancho's Son to avoid the like Cruelty to ●●●self fled to Gruffydh ap Lhewelyn Prince of Wales ●o taking a very great liking to his Person and ●●thal commiserating his Condition shewed him all ●●e Respect and Kindness possible But Fleance had 〈◊〉 continued long with Gruffydh when he fell ena●●red upon the Prince's Daughter and having ob●●●ed her Good-Will without any regard had to ●●r Father's Civility towards him abused her so far 〈◊〉 to beget her with Child Gruffydh being ac●●ainted with the Matter of Fact so hainously re●●●ted the Affront that he occasioned Fleance to be ●●●in and treated his Daughter most servilely for prostrating her Chastity especially to a Strang●● However she was in a short time delivered of a S●● whose Name was Christened Walter a Child w●● in his Youth expressed very great hopes and in 〈◊〉 probability like to make a very considerable M●● which happened according to expectation But 〈◊〉 first Original of his future Greatness happened up●● a very accidental occasion being reproached of 〈◊〉 stardism by one of his Fellow Companions he 〈◊〉 it in so unpardonable a dudgeon that nothing 〈◊〉 satisfy his Revenge but the Life of the Aggre●●●● Being upon this Mischance affraid to undergo the ●●nishment of the Law he thought it safe to fly 〈◊〉 Scotland where falling in Company with ce●●●●● English Men who were come thither with Qu●●● Margaret Sister to Edgar Edeling he behaved him●●●● so soberly and discreetly that he won the Favour 〈◊〉 good Character of all that knew him But his 〈◊〉 daily increasing he grew at length to that height 〈◊〉 Reputation as to be employed in the most inw●●● Affairs of the Commonwealth and at last was ma●● Lord Steward of Scotland from which Office 〈◊〉 Posterity retained the Surname of Steward the Ki●● of Scotland of that Name with several other F●●lies of Quality in that Kingdom being descended 〈◊〉 him But to return to England Siward the worthy 〈◊〉 of Northumberland died about this time of the Bloo● Flux a Man of a rough Demeanour and a m●●● Soldierly Temper as he plainly manifested at 〈◊〉 point of Death For bewailing his Misfortune 〈◊〉 had escaped so many dangerous Engagements 〈◊〉 withal disdaining to die so effeminately in Bed 〈◊〉 caused himself to be compleatly Armed and a●●● 〈◊〉 were in Defiance of Death presently expired in Martial Bravery But his Son being too young 〈◊〉 King bestowed his Earldom upon Tosty the Son 〈◊〉 Earl Godwyn A.D. 1054 Wales had been now a long time quiet and 〈◊〉 of all troubles both abroad and at home but it co●●● not be expected that such a Life should prove du●●b●● 〈◊〉 but something or other would create New Com●●tions and Disturbances Gruffydh Son to Rytherch ap ●●yn having recruited and recovered himself after the 〈◊〉 Blow he received from Prince Gruffydh must needs ●●●ture another trial for the Principality of South-Wales 〈◊〉 Prince protracting no time speedily marched a●●● him and both Armies being joined Gruffydh 〈◊〉 Ry●herch was easily vanquished and in fine slain 〈◊〉 the troubles of the Welch did not end with him 〈◊〉 Alg●● Earl of Chester being convicted of Treason 〈◊〉 thereupon banished the Kingdom fled to Gruffydh 〈◊〉 of Wales requesting his Aid against King ●●●ard who repeating the frequent Wrongs he had 〈◊〉 at the hands of the English by upholding 〈◊〉 Enemies against him gladly embraced the Op●●●tunity and promised him all imaginable Support ●●d thereupon assembling his Forces he entred with 〈◊〉 into Hereford shire and advancing into the ●●●●try within two Miles of the City of Hereford 〈◊〉 were opposed by Randulph Earl of that Coun●●● 〈◊〉 boldly gave them Battel The Fight con●●●●●● very dreadful and dubious for some hours till 〈◊〉 Gruffydh so encouraged his Soldiers with the ●●●●mbrance of their former Victories over the 〈◊〉 that they fell on a main and easily dis●●●●red Randulph and slew the best part of his Army ●●terwards they pursued their Chase to the Town 〈◊〉 having made all the waste and havock they were ●●●e they laid the Town it self in ashes and so re●●●ned home triumphantly laden with rich Booty 〈◊〉 Plunder King Edward receiving notice of this 〈◊〉 presently gathered a great Army at Glocester ●●der the Conduct of Harold Earl Godwyn's Son ●o couragiously pursuing the Enemies entred into ●ales and encamped beyond Stradelwyd But Gru●●dh and Algar dreading to oppose him retired fur●●●r into South Wales of which Harold being certified 〈◊〉 one part of his Army behind with Orders to ●●ght if occasion offered and with the other passed 〈◊〉 Hereford which he fortified with a strong Wall ●●●●nd the Town Gruffydh perceiving his undaunted Industry after many Messages concluded a Pe●●● with Harold at a place called Biligelhag by w●●●● Articles Algar was pardoned by the King and ●●stored to his Earldom of Chester But he did 〈◊〉 continue long in the King's Favour for about 〈◊〉 years after upon Conviction of Treason he was ●gain banished the Land so that he was forced to 〈◊〉 take himself to his old Friend Gruffydh Prince 〈◊〉 Wales by whose Aid and a Fleet from Norway 〈◊〉 spight of the King he was restored to his Earld●● But King Edward was sore offended with the Pri●●● of Wales for harbouring Traytors and therefore 〈◊〉 be Revenged upon him he dispatched Harold 〈◊〉 with an Army to North-Wales who coming 〈◊〉 Ruthlan burnt the Prince's Palace there and his 〈◊〉 that lay in the Harbor and then returned to 〈◊〉 King at Glocester This year Edward the Son of Edmund Ironside 〈◊〉 was sent for out of Hungary being designed Succession the Crown came to England but in a short time 〈◊〉 his coming died at London leaving behind him 〈◊〉 Son called Edgar Edeling and a Daughter na●●● Margaret who was afterwards Queen of the 〈◊〉 and Mother to Maud the Wife of Henry the f●●●● A.D. 1056 About two Years after Roderic Son to Harold King of Denmark came with a considerable Army 〈◊〉 Wales and being kindly received by Prince Gruff●●● united his Power with the Welch and so entred 〈◊〉 England which they cruelly harassed and destroy●● But before they could advance any considerable ●●stance Roderic was compelled to Sail for Denmark and so Gruffydh returned laden with Spoils 〈◊〉 Wales The same time Harold Earl Godwyn's 〈◊〉 sailing to Flanders was driven by force of Wea●●● to Land at Poytiers where being seized upon 〈◊〉 was brought before William Bastard Duke of N●●mandy to whom he declared the reason of his V●●age that it was purposely to tender him his Ser●●●● in the Affairs of England and so taking an Oath 〈◊〉 to Marry the Duke's Daughter and after the
both of England and Wales upon the breach of the Articles of Peace and that you would be pleased to inform the King of the sad Consequence of another War which can no way be prevented but by using us according to the Conditions of the former Peace which for our part we will in no measure transgress But if the King will not hearken to your Counsel we hope that you will h●ld us excused if the Nation be disquieted and troubled thereupon which as much as in us lieth we endeavour to prevent King Edward would admit of no Excuse no● hearken to any manner of Reason in the case but was unmercifully enraged and conceived an unpardonable displeasure against Prince Lhewelyn which yet he thought convenient to conceal and dissemble for a time Indeed he could never abide Lhewelyn ●●nce the time that he was vanquished and put to ●ight by him at the Marches so that the chief Cause ●f King Edward's anger originally proceeded from 〈◊〉 point of Honor which this refusal of Homage ●●rved sufficiently to increase But to prosecute his Revenge which upon this score is in Princes very ●erce and unforgetful in a short time he came to ●hester meaning to recover by force what he could ●ot obtain by fair means From hence he sent to ●●e Prince of Wales requiring him to come over and 〈◊〉 him Homage which Lhewelyn either absolutely re●●sing or willingly detracting to do King Edward ●ade ready his Army to force him to it But there A.D. 1277 ●●ppened an Accident which took off a great part of ●rince Lhewelyn's stubborness for at this time the ●ountess of Leicester the Widow of Simon Montfort ●ho lived at Montargis a Nunnery in France sent over 〈◊〉 Wales her Daughter the Lady Eleanor whom ●hewelyn extreamly loved with her Brother Aeme●ke to be married to the Prince according to the A●reement made in her Father Earl Montfort's time ●ut Aemerike fearing to touch upon the Coast of ●ngland steered his course towards the Islands of ●cilly where by the way they were all taken by four ●ristol Ships and brought to King Edward who re●eived the Lady very honourably but committed her ●●other Prisoner to the Castle of Coff whence he was ●fterward removed to the Castle of Shirburne The ●ing having obtained this unexpected Advantage over ●hewelyn began boldly to fall upon him and so di●●ding his Army into two Battalions led one himself ●●to North-Wales and advanced as far as Ruthlan where he strongly fortified the Castle The other he ommitted to Paganus de Camurtiis a great Souldier ●ho entring into West-Wales burned and destroyed 〈◊〉 great part of the Country But the People of South-Wales fearing that his next Expedition was levelled ●gainst them voluntarily submitted themselves to the ●ing and did him Homage and then delivered up●●●he Castle of Ystratywy to Paganus Prince Lhewelyn hearing of this and finding his own Subjects to forsake him but more especially being desirous to recover his espouse the Lady Eleanor thought it likewise advisable to submit and therefore sued to King Edward for a Peace who granted it but upon very severe Conditions upon Lhewelyns side The Agreement consisted of ten Articles which were 1. That the Prince should set at liberty all manner of Prisoners that upon the King's Account were detained in Custody 2. That for the King's favour and good will he should pay 50000 Marks to be received at the King's pleasure 3. That these four Cantreds or Hundreds viz. Cantref Ros where the King's Castle of Teganwy stands Ryfonioc where Denbigh Tegengl where Ruthlan Dyffryn Clwyd where Rhuthyn stands should remain in the King's hands 4. That the Lords Marchers should quietly enjoy all the Lands they had conquered within Wales excepting in the Isle of Anglesey which was wholly granted to the Prince 5. That in consideration of this Island the Prince should pay 5000 Marks in hand with the reserve of a 1000 Marks yearly to begin at Michaelmas and in case the Prince died without Issue the whole Island should return to the King 6. That the Prince should come every year to England to pay his Homage to the King for all his Lands 7. That all the Barons of Wales excepting five in Snowden should hold their Lands and Estates of the King and no other 8. That the Title of Prince should remain only for his Life and not descend to his Successors and after his Death the five Lords of Snowden should hold their Lands only from the King 9. That for the performance of these Articles the Prince should deliver up for Hostages ten Persons of the best Quality in the Country without imprisoning disinheriting and any time of redemption determined And farther that the King should chuse Twenty Persons within North-Wales who besides the Prince should take their Oaths for the due performance of these Articles and in case the Prince should swerve and recede from them and upon admonition ●hereof not repent they should forsake him and be●ome his Enemies 10. The Prince was obliged to ●uffer his Brethren quietly to enjoy their Lands in Wales whereof David for his Service was dubbed Knight by the King and had the Earl of Derby's Widow given him in Matrimony and with her as 〈◊〉 Portion the Castle of Denbigh in North-Wales be●ides a 1000 Pounds in Lands His other Brother Roderic was lately escaped out of Prison into England ●nd the younger called Owen was upon his Composition delivered out of Prison King Edward having imposed these severe and unmerciful Conditions upon Prince Lhewelyn and for a better security for the performance of them built a Castle at Aberystwyth returned very honourably into England upon whose arrival the People willingly granted him a Subsidy of the Twentieth part of their Estates towards his Charges in this War But it seems very probable that Prince Lhewelyn submitted to these intolerable Conditions more upon the account of his Amours and to regain the Lady Eleanora out of the King of England's hand than that he was apprehensive of any considerable Danger he might receive by the English Troops For it is hardly conceivable that a Prince of such notorious Conduct and Valour would so easily accept of such hard Terms and in a measure deliver up his Principality when there was no necessity so to do without resisting an Enemy whom he had frequently overcome and forced to retire back with greater inequality than the English had at present over him But the force of ●ove worked Wonders and in this case proved mo●t irresistible which to obtain Lhewelyn did not think hard to forfeit his proper Right to his inveterate Enemies and for ever to exclude his Posterity from succeeding in their lawful Inheritance The next year A.D. 1273 therefore he had his Wish accomplished and was married to Eleanora at Worcester the King and Queen with all the Nobility and Persons of Quality in England honouring the Wedding with their p●esence But this specious Amity and the Peace la●● concluded betwixt them