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county_n of_o salop_n anno_fw-la one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o
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his_o late_a conquest_n owner_n of_o willing_o meet_v his_o brother_n put_v he_o to_o flight_n and_o kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o force_n conan_n be_v cruel_o enrage_v at_o this_o shameful_a overthrow_n and_o therefore_o make_v a_o firm_a resolution_n either_o to_o recover_v the_o island_n from_o his_o brother_n or_o to_o sacrifice_v his_o life_n and_o his_o crown_n in_o the_o quarrel_n have_v draw_v up_o all_o a.d._n 817_o the_o force_n he_o can_v raise_v together_o he_o march_v to_o anglesey_n to_o seek_v his_o brother_n howel_n who_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o encounter_v and_o oppose_v so_o considerable_a a_o number_n be_v compel_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n to_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o island_n of_o anglesey_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o brother_n but_o conan_n do_v not_o live_v long_o to_o reap_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o this_o victory_n but_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o one_o only_a daughter_n call_v esylht_v marry_v to_o a_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n name_v merfyn_n frych_n he_o be_v son_n to_o gwyriad_n or_o vriet_n the_o son_n of_o elidure_n who_o lineal_o descend_v from_o belinus_n the_o brother_n of_o brennus_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n his_o mother_n be_v nest_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadelh_n king_n of_o powy_n the_o son_n of_o brochwel_n yscithroc_n who_o together_o with_o cadfan_n king_n of_o britain_n morgan_n king_n of_o demetia_n and_o bledericus_n king_n of_o cornwall_n give_v that_o memorable_a overthrow_n to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o northumberland_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi in_o the_o year_n 617._o this_o brochwel_n by_o the_o latin_a writer_n name_v brecivallus_fw-la and_o brochmaelus_fw-la be_v a_o very_a considerable_a prince_n in_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n call_v powys-land_n as_o also_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o live_v in_o the_o town_n then_o call_v pengwern_n powy_n now_o salop_n in_o the_o house_n where_o since_o the_o college_n of_o s._n
interdict_v and_o forbid_v to_o enter_v any_o man_n house_n or_o to_o compose_v any_o song_n of_o any_o one_o without_o the_o special_a leave_n and_o warrant_v of_o the_o party_n concern_v with_o many_o other_o ordinance_n relate_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n owen_n gwynedh_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n his_o elder_a son_n owen_n surname_v gwynedh_n succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o north_n wales_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v enter_v upon_o the_o government_n but_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-wales_n and_o have_v demolish_v and_o overthrow_v the_o castle_n of_o stradmeyric_n stephan_n and_o humffreys_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o town_n of_o caermardhyn_n he_o return_v home_o with_o no_o less_o honour_n than_o booty_n and_o plunder_n about_o the_o same_o time_n john_n archdeacon_n of_o lhanbaran_n depart_v this_o life_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a piety_n and_o strictness_n of_o life_n who_o for_o his_o rigid_a zeal_n in_o religion_n and_o virtue_n be_v think_v worthy_a to_o be_v canonize_v and_o to_o be_v count_v among_o the_o number_n of_o the_o saint_n this_o year_n likewise_o king_n stephen_n pass_v over_o to_o normandy_n and_o have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n return_v back_o to_o england_n without_o any_o further_a delay_n but_o the_o follow_a spring_n give_v opportunity_n for_o great_a undertake_n david_n king_n of_o scot_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n go_v to_o france_n last_o summer_n have_v enter_v the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o continue_v to_o make_v considerable_a waste_v and_o havoc_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n whereupon_o king_n stephen_n to_o rid_v his_o country_n and_o his_o subject_n from_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enemy_n march_v with_o a_o army_n towards_o the_o north_n who_o come_v the_o king_n of_o scot_n hear_v of_o he_o relinquish_v the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o 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quarrel_n do_v kill_v
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by_o right_a of_o nativity_n be_v bear_v in_o wedlock_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o give_v a_o very_a considerable_a blow_n to_o the_o dane_n take_v from_o they_o the_o city_n of_o leycester_n derby_n scafford_n lincoln_n and_o nottinham_n then_o aulafe_a king_n of_o the_o dane_n find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o king_n edmund_n desire_a peace_n and_o withal_o to_o be_v initiate_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o and_o all_o his_o dane_n receive_v baptism_n king_n edmund_n stand_v godfather_n at_o the_o font_n after_o which_o both_o party_n conclude_v a_o firm_a and_o a_o last_a peace_n edmund_n honourable_o return_v to_o west-sex_n the_o same_o year_n die_v abloic_a chief_a king_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o arthuael_n a_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n be_v for_o what_o reason_n not_o discover_v imprison_v by_o the_o english_a to_o revenge_v which_o indignity_n edwal_n 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the_o election_n of_o howel_n dha_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o take_v care_n of_o be_v to_o enact_v good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o country_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n in_o wales_n till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o welsh_a receive_v the_o law_n of_o england_n yet_o not_o so_o general_o but_o that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o continue_v long_o after_o and_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o welsh_a and_o latin_a tongue_n for_o howel_n dha_n perceive_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o his_o country_n to_o have_v grow_v to_o great_a abuse_n send_v for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o menevia_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a clergy_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 140._o and_o all_o the_o baron_n and_o noble_n of_o wales_n and_o order_v that_o six_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o best_a esteem_a person_n in_o every_o commote_a shall_v be_v cite_v before_o he_o at_o his_o palace_n call_v you_o tie_v gwyn_n be_v taf_n or_o the_o white_a house_n upon_o the_o river_n taf._n thither_o come_v himself_o he_o remain_v with_o his_o noble_n prelate_n and_o subject_n for_o all_o the_o lent_n in_o prayer_n and_o fast_v implore_v the_o assistance_n and_o direction_n of_o god_n holy_a spirit_n that_o he_o may_v reform_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o peaceable_a government_n of_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o lent_n he_o choose_v out_o of_o that_o assembly_n twelve_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o grave_a and_o person_n of_o the_o great_a experience_n to_o who_o he_o add_v blegor_v a_o man_n of_o singular_a learning_n and_o one_o exquisite_o verse_v in_o the_o law_n to_o these_o he_o give_v commission_n to_o examine_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o collect_v out_o of_o they_o what_o be_v requisite_a towards_o the_o government_n of_o the_o country_n according_a to_o which_o charge_n they_o retain_v those_o that_o be_v wholesome_a and_o profitable_a expound_v those_o that_o be_v doubtful_a and_o ambiguous_a and_o abrogate_a they_o that_o be_v superfluous_a and_o hurtful_a and_o so_o these_o law_n be_v distinguish_v into_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o concern_v the_o order_n and_o regulation_n of_o the_o king_n household_n and_o court_n the_o second_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o country_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o last_o have_v regard_n to_o special_a custom_n belong_v to_o particular_a person_n and_o place_n all_o which_o be_v public_o proclaim_v and_o general_o allow_v of_o prince_n howel_n order_v three_o copy_n to_o be_v write_v one_o for_o his_o own_o use_n another_o to_o be_v lay_v up_o at_o his_o palace_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o the_o three_o at_o dinefawr_n so_o that_o the_o three_o province_n of_o wales_n may_v have_v easy_a recourse_n to_o either_o of_o they_o when_o need_v require_v and_o for_o the_o better_a observation_n of_o these_o law_n he_o cause_v the_o archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n to_o denounce_v sentence_n of_o excommunication_n against_o all_o such_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o will_v not_o obey_v the_o same_o within_o a_o while_n after_o howel_n to_o omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v procure_v any_o countenance_n or_o authority_n to_o these_o his_o law_n accompany_v with_o lambert_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n mordaf_a bishop_n of_o bangor_n and_o chebur_n of_o s._n asaph_n and_o thirteen_o of_o the_o most_o prudent_a and_o learn_a person_n in_o wales_n take_v a_o journey_n to_o rome_n where_o the_o say_v law_n be_v recite_v before_o the_o pope_n be_v by_o his_o holiness_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v after_o which_o howel_n with_o all_o â—his_v retinue_n return_v home_o to_o his_o country_n the_o particular_n of_o these_o law_n be_v too_o numerous_a to_o be_v here_o insert_v only_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o all_o matter_n of_o inheritance_n of_o land_n be_v determine_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o person_n or_o if_o sick_a by_o his_o special_a deputy_n and_o that_o upon_o view_n of_o the_o same_o land_n cite_v together_o the_o freeholder_n of_o that_o place_n two_o elder_n of_o his_o council_n the_o chief_a justice_n always_o attend_v in_o the_o court_n the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o country_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v and_o the_o priest_n the_o method_n of_o their_o proceed_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o prince_n sit_v in_o his_o â—udicial-seat_n above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o court_n with_o a_o â—â—lder_n on_o each_o hand_n next_o to_o who_o the_o freeholder_n on_o both_o side_n who_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v probable_o call_v vchelwyr_n below_o the_o prince_n at_o a_o certain_a distance_n sit_v the_o chief_a justice_n have_v the_o priest_n on_o his_o â—ight_a hand_n and_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o country_n concern_v upon_o the_o left_a the_o court_n be_v thus_o sit_v â—he_v plaintiff_n with_o his_o advocate_n champion_n and_o rhingylh_n or_o sergeant_n stand_v on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o court_n as_o do_v the_o defendant_n in_o like_a manner_n on_o the_o â—ight_n and_o last_o the_o witness_n on_o both_o side_n appear_v and_o stand_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hall_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o chief_a justice_n to_o testify_v the_o best_a of_o their_o knowledge_n in_o the_o matter_n in_o debate_n after_o the_o take_v the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o a_o full_a plead_n of_o the_o cause_n in_o open_a court_n upon_o notice_n give_v by_o the_o sergeant_n the_o chief_a justice_n the_o priest_n and_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n withdraw_v themselves_o for_o a_o while_n to_o consult_v of_o the_o matter_n and_o then_o secundum_fw-la allegata_fw-la &_o probata_fw-la bring_v in_o their_o verdict_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n after_o consultation_n have_v with_o the_o elder_n that_o sit_v next_o he_o give_v definitive_a sentence_n except_v the_o cause_n be_v so_o obscure_a and_o
in_o northumberland_n and_o be_v with_o much_o rejoice_v receive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o before_o he_o can_v secure_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n he_o be_v shameful_o banish_v the_o country_n and_o so_o the_o northumbrian_n elect_v one_o hircius_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n for_o their_o king_n but_o to_o show_v the_o inconstancy_n of_o a_o unsettled_a multitude_n they_o soon_o grow_v weary_a of_o hircius_n and_o after_o three_o year_n space_n expel_v he_o and_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o edred_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n dye_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n to_o he_o succeed_v edwin_n the_o son_n of_o edmund_n a_o man_n so_o immoderate_o give_v to_o venety_n that_o he_o forcible_o marry_v another_o man_n wife_n for_o which_o and_o other_o irregularity_n his_o subject_n after_o four_o year_n reign_v set_v up_o his_o brother_n edgar_n who_o be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n with_o a.d._n 958_o grief_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o end_v his_o day_n the_o summer_n that_o same_o year_n prove_v so_o immoderate_o hot_a that_o it_o cause_v a_o very_a dismal_a plague_n in_o the_o follow_a spring_n which_o sweep_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n before_o which_o gwgan_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderie_n die_v at_o this_o time_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n forcible_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n and_o act_v according_a to_o their_o own_o good_a pleasure_n no_o one_o dare_v to_o confront_v or_o resist_v they_o but_o for_o all_o their_o power_n the_o son_n of_o abloio_n king_n of_o ireland_n venture_v to_o land_n in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v burn_v holyhead_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o lhyn_n also_o the_o son_n of_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o colhoyn_n destroy_v and_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n to_o a.d._n 961_o towyn_n where_o they_o be_v intercept_v and_o slay_v about_o the_o same_o time_n die_v meyric_n the_o son_n of_o cadfan_n rytherch_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n and_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n not_o long_o after_o the_o country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v cruel_o a.d._n 965_o waste_v by_o the_o army_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o invasion_n be_v the_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o tribute_n that_o the_o king_n of_o aberffraw_n by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n but_o at_o length_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n instead_o of_o money_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n yearly_a which_o creature_n be_v then_o very_o pernicious_a and_o destructive_a to_o england_n and_o wales_n this_o tribure_n be_v due_o perform_v for_o two_o year_n the_o three_o year_n there_o be_v none_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o island_n so_o that_o afterward_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n become_v exempt_a from_o pay_v any_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n a.d._n 966_o the_o terror_n apprehend_v from_o the_o english_a be_v by_o these_o mean_v vanish_v there_o threaten_v another_o cloud_n from_o ireland_n for_o the_o irish_a be_v animate_v by_o their_o late_a expedition_n land_v again_o in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v slay_v roderic_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n they_o destroy_v aboffraw_n and_o this_o danger_n be_v over_o jevaf_a and_o a.d._n 967_o â—ago_n who_o have_v joint_o and_o agreeable_o till_o now_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n from_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n â—ha_n begin_v to_o quarrel_n and_o disagree_v among_o themselves_o and_o jago_n have_v forcible_o lay_v hand_n upon_o his_o brother_n 〈◊〉_d confine_v he_o to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n these_o heat_n and_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o brother_n a.d._n 968_o give_v occasion_n and_o opportunity_n to_o owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n to_o carve_v for_o himself_o who_o present_o seize_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n and_o to_o a.d._n 969_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n mactus_fw-la the_o son_n of_o harold_n with_o a_o army_n of_o dane_n entere_v the_o isle_n of_o anglescy_n and_o spoil_v penmon_n king_n edgar_z be_v so_o indulgent_a to_o these_o dane_n that_o he_o permit_v they_o to_o inhabit_v through_o all_o england_n insomuch_o that_o at_o length_n they_o become_v to_o be_v as_o numerous_a â—nd_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o english_a themselves_o and_o fall_v into_o â—uch_n lewd_a course_n of_o debauchery_n and_o such_o horrid_a drink_v that_o very_o great_a mischief_n ensue_v thereupon_o the_o king_n to_o reform_v this_o immoderate_a sottishness_n enact_v a_o law_n that_o very_o one_o shall_v drink_v by_o measure_n and_o so_o stamp_v a_o mark_n upon_o every_o vessel_n how_o â—â—at_a it_o shall_v be_v fill_v but_o harold_n have_v take_v pennon_n a.d._n 970_o make_v subject_n to_o himself_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o however_o he_o do_v not_o keep_v long_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o same_o and_o to_o return_v home_o as_o do_v the_o fleet_n of_o king_n alfred_n which_o he_o have_v send_v to_o subdue_v caâ—rlheon_n upon_o vsc_n and_o now_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o a.d._n 971_o english_a and_o dane_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o raise_v commotion_n among_o themselves_o jevaf_fw-mi continue_v still_o in_o prison_n a.d._n 972_o to_o rescue_v who_o his_o son_n howel_n raise_v his_o power_n and_o march_v against_o his_o uncle_n jago_n who_o be_v vanquish_v in_o sight_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n to_o â—ave_n himself_o howel_n have_v win_v the_o day_n take_v his_o elder_a uncle_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n prisoner_n and_o pull_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n clap_v he_o in_o prison_n where_o in_o a_o woeful_a condition_n he_o short_o die_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n and_o jonafal_n the_o first_o of_o which_o live_v to_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o revenge_v upon_o the_o posterity_n of_o howel_n that_o unnatural_a barbarity_n show_v to_o his_o father_n but_o though_o howel_n deliver_v his_o father_n from_o his_o long_a and_o tedious_a imprisonment_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o principality_n for_o whether_o by_o age_n or_o infirmity_n he_o be_v incapable_a howel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o wales_n which_o he_o keep_v and_o maintain_v for_o his_o life-time_n but_o afterward_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o brethren_n for_o jevaf_n have_v issue_n beside_o this_o howel_n meyric_n iâ—vaf_n and_o cadwalhan_n all_o three_o man_n of_o great_a repuâ—â—_n and_o esteem_n about_o this_o time_n die_v morgan_n hên_o in_o his_o young_a day_n call_v morgan_z mawr_z be_v a_o hundred_o yearâ—_n old_a have_v live_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hâ—â—_n wife_n elen_n daughter_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a by_o whoâ—_n he_o have_v one_o son_n call_v owen_n morgan_z be_v a_o valiant_a anâ—_n a_o victorious_a prince_n and_o well_o belove_v of_o his_o subject_n 〈◊〉_d but_o sometime_o before_o his_o death_n owen_n the_o son_n oâ—_n prince_n howel_n dha_n lay_v claim_n to_o ystradwy_n and_o eâ—y_n call_v the_o two_o sleeve_n of_o gwent_n vwchcoed_n be_v thâ—_n right_o of_o morgan_n and_o seize_v upon_o they_o to_o his_o owâ—_n use_v but_o the_o matter_n through_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n be_v by_o both_o party_n refer_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n it_o be_v by_o he_o adjudge_v that_o the_o say_v land_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o morgan_n and_o to_o the_o diocese_n of_o lhandaff_n and_o that_o owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n have_v wrongful_o possess_v himself_o of_o they_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o say_a award_n waâ—_n make_v before_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n at_n may_v be_v see_v at_o lhandaff_n in_o a_o old_a manuscript_n call_v y_o cwtta_n cyfarwydd_n 〈◊〉_d forgannwg_n and_o there_o be_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o lhandaff_n only_o the_o mistake_n in_o both_o be_v that_o they_o make_v howel_n dha_n the_o intruder_n into_o the_o say_a land_n who_o have_v be_v dead_a at_o least_o twenty_o year_n before_o king_n edgar_n begin_v his_o reign_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jevaf_fw-mi howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v expel_v his_o uncle_n jago_n and_o force_v he_o to_o quit_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—â—ok_v upon_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n in_o â—â—ght_n of_o his_o father_n who_o though_o alive_a yet_o by_o reason_n of_o â—â—s_o year_n be_v willing_a to_o decline_v it_o about_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d dwnwalhon_n prince_n of_o stradclwyd_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o rome_n and_o edwalhon_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n â—f_n south-wales_n die_v but_o the_o english_a receive_v a_o â—â—eater_a blow_n by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o
haviâ—â—_n destroy_v st_n david_n lhanbadarn_n lhanrhystyd_n lhaâ—dydoch_n and_o several_a other_o religious_a place_n the_o country_n be_v so_o cruel_o harass_v and_o weaken_v that_o prince_n meredith_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v with_o they_o and_o 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 988_o pay_v a_o tribute_n of_o one_o penny_n for_o every_o person_n withâ—â—_n his_o dominion_n which_o in_o welsh_a be_v call_v glwmaâ—_n otherwise_o the_o tribute_n of_o the_o black_a army_n anâ—_n ireland_n too_o at_o this_o time_n receive_v no_o inconsiderablâ—_n blow_v from_o the_o dane_n who_o slay_v elwmaen_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d abloic_a king_n of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o spoil_v and_o ravage_v that_o kingdom_n that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o naâ—tives_n perish_v by_o famine_n a.d._n 989_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o dyfnwal_n a_o maâ—_n of_o a_o considerable_a note_n and_o reputation_n among_o the_o welsh_a be_v slay_v beside_o which_o nothing_o remarkable_a happen_v this_o year_n but_o the_o next_o year_n edwin_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n whâ—_n be_v right_a heir_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_a have_v draw_v to_o his_o help_n a_o great_a army_n of_o english_a a.d._n 990_o â—nd_a dane_n hostible_o enter_v into_o meredith_n country_n spoil_v all_o the_o land_n of_o cardigan_n dyfe_v gwyr_n kydâ—ely_a and_o st._n david_n and_o receive_v hostage_n of_o the_o chief_a person_n of_o those_o country_n to_o own_v he_o as_o their_o rightful_a prince_n to_o return_v these_o outrage_n upon_o edwin_n meredith_n destroy_v the_o town_n of_o radnor_n spoil_v a.d._n 991_o glamorgan_n and_o carry_v the_o chief_a man_n therein_o prisoner_n who_o pay_v their_o ransom_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o whilâ—_n wales_n be_v in_o this_o totter_a conâ—ition_n and_o scarce_o any_o place_n free_a from_o hostility_n it_o happy_o fall_v out_o that_o meredith_n and_o edwin_n be_v make_v friend_n and_o the_o difference_n compose_v between_o they_o â—o_z that_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n who_o come_v in_o with_o edwin_n â—nd_v who_o expect_v to_o fare_v best_a by_o these_o civil_a disturbance_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v unexpected_o cashier_v and_o send_v home_o and_o soon_o after_o this_o agreement_n cadwalhon_n the_o only_a son_n of_o meredith_n die_v which_o render_v the_o composition_n between_o meredith_n and_o edwin_n more_o firm_a by_o reason_n that_o this_o latter_a thought_n now_o without_o any_o dispute_n to_o succeed_v meredith_n in_o his_o principality_n but_o this_o fall_v short_a of_o his_o aim_n for_o meredith_n be_v very_o much_o disturb_v in_o south-wales_n have_v â—o_o much_o work_v upon_o his_o hand_n to_o defend_v that_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v north-wales_n open_a and_o expose_v to_o the_o common_a enemy_n which_o the_o dane_n be_v quick_o acquaint_v with_o and_o so_o land_v in_o anglesâ—y_n they_o ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a island_n the_o north-wales_n man_n find_v themselves_o thus_o forsake_v by_o meredith_n and_o their_o country_n like_o to_o be_v overrun_v by_o the_o dane_n if_o not_o timely_o prevent_v set_v up_o edwal_n the_o son_n a.d._n 992_o of_o meyric_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n though_o long_o keep_v from_o it_o and_o own_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n but_o those_o incessant_a war_n and_o commotion_n in_o south-wales_n occasion_v a_o very_a dismal_a famine_n and_o scarcity_n in_o the_o country_n of_o which_o a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o people_n perish_v and_o thus_o meredith_n who_o have_v once_o conquer_v north-wales_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o right_a or_o title_n to_o either_o be_v now_o oblige_v to_o relinquish_v the_o one_o and_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o other_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n a.d._n 993_o edwal_n after_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a expectation_n be_v now_o joyful_o receive_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n for_o their_o prince_n endeavour_v the_o first_o thing_n to_o defend_v his_o subject_n from_o the_o injury_n and_o depredation_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o dane_n and_o have_v in_o a_o measure_n effect_v that_o he_o be_v accost_v by_o another_o enemy_n for_o meredith_n be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_n the_o indignity_n and_o disgrace_n put_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n in_o deprive_v he_o of_o the_o government_n of_o their_o country_n gather_v and_o muster_v together_o all_o his_o power_n intend_v to_o recover_v again_o that_o principality_n be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o lhangwm_n edwal_n meet_v he_o and_o in_o plain_a battle_n rout_v his_o army_n in_o which_o action_n theodor_n or_o tewdor_n mawr_z meredith_n nephew_n be_v slay_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n rhys_n and_o rytherch_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v elen._n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v not_o tewdor_n mawr_z but_o his_o brother_n edwin_n that_o be_v slay_v in_o this_o battle_n which_o also_o seem_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v fight_v at_o hengwm_n in_o ardudwy_n in_o merion_v shire_n than_o at_o lhangwm_n for_o in_o that_o place_n there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n certain_a monument_n of_o victory_n to_o be_v see_v as_o heap_n of_o stone_n tombstone_n and_o column_n which_o they_o call_v carneddi_n hengwm_n edwal_n return_v home_o triumphant_o after_o this_o victory_n think_v he_o have_v now_o secure_v himself_o in_o his_o government_n and_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v his_o dominion_n quiet_o and_o without_o any_o molestation_n but_o he_o have_v scarce_o recover_v the_o fatigue_n of_o the_o last_o engagement_n when_o swain_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n have_v late_o pillage_v and_o waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n land_v in_o north-wales_n who_o edwal_n endeavour_v to_o oppose_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o encounter_n leave_v one_o son_n behind_o he_o called_z jago_z within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o dane_n return_v again_o against_o st._n david_n and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n slay_v morgency_n or_o vrgeney_n bishop_n of_o that_o diocese_n prince_n meredith_n be_v high_o concern_v at_o the_o mischief_n these_o barbarous_a people_n continual_o do_v to_o his_o country_n and_o the_o more_o because_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o â—epel_v their_o insolence_n out_o of_o grief_n and_o vexation_n die_v have_v issue_n one_o only_a daughter_n name_v angharad_n who_o be_v twice_o marry_v first_o to_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylhe_fw-mi and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o confyn_n hirdref_n or_o â—as_v other_o think_v to_o confyn_n ap_fw-mi gwerystan_n she_o have_v child_n by_o both_o husband_n which_o occasion_v afterward_o great_a disturbance_n and_o civil_a commotion_n in_o wales_n the_o issue_n of_o both_o adventure_n pretend_v a_o right_a of_o succession_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n aedan_n ap_fw-mi blegorad_n edwal_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n against_o swain_n and_o have_v no_o other_o issue_n â—han_fw-mi jago_n who_o be_v a_o minor_a and_o too_o young_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n and_o meredith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n die_v without_o any_o other_o issue_n than_o a_o daughter_n cause_v very_o heavy_a quarrel_n and_o contention_n among_o the_o welsh_a several_a without_o any_o colour_n of_o right_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n and_o pretension_n to_o the_o government_n in_o north-wales_n conan_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1003_o of_o howel_n and_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o blegorad_n be_v the_o chief_a aspirer_n to_o that_o principality_n and_o because_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v who_o shall_v be_v the_o man_n they_o fair_o consent_v to_o try_v the_o matter_n in_o open_a field_n where_o conan_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v slay_v and_o so_o aedan_n be_v victorious_o proclaim_v prince_n of_o noâ—th_n wales_n but_o who_o this_o aedan_n be_v descend_v from_o or_o what_o colour_n or_o pretence_n he_o can_v lay_v to_o this_o principality_n can_v be_v as_o much_o as_o guess_v at_o there_o be_v none_o of_o that_o name_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o welsh_a record_n except_v that_o blegorad_n who_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o lyre_n of_o howel_n dha_n who_o estate_n and_o quality_n be_v too_o mean_a that_o his_o posterity_n shall_v lay_v any_o claim_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n but_o be_v that_o how_o it_o will_v aedâ—_n after_o his_o victory_n over_o conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n be_v own_v prince_n by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n over_o who_o he_o bear_v rule_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o year_n though_o beside_o his_o conquest_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n there_o be_v nothing_o record_v of_o he_o except_v his_o be_v slay_v together_o with_o his_o four_o son_n by_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylhe_fw-mi but_o whilst_o the_o welsh_a be_v in_o this_o inconstant_a and_o unsettled_a condition_n the_o scot_n in_o ireland_n begin_v to_o grow_v powerful_a and_o have_v destroy_v the_o town_n and_o country_n of_o develyn_n they_o take_v gulfath_o and_o vbiad_n two_o irish_a lord_n prisoner_n who_o eye_n they_o most_o
death_n 〈◊〉_d edward_n to_o secure_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o hâ—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v honourable_o dismiss_v upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o â—ruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n himself_o with_o his_o brother_n tosty_o â—iled_v a_o great_a army_n and_o enter_v into_o south-wales_n â—hich_v they_o destroy_v after_o that_o manner_n that_o the_o welsh_a be_v glad_a to_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o â—ayment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n which_o afore-time_o â—hey_n be_v use_v to_o pay_v gruffydh_n hear_v of_o the_o inâ—lencies_n of_o the_o english_a in_o south_n wales_n make_v all_o posâ—â—ble_a haste_n and_o preparation_n to_o oppose_v they_o but_o all_o 〈◊〉_d no_o purpose_n harold_n have_v already_o treacherous_o â—â—ed_v some_o of_o gruffydh_n near_a friend_n to_o murder_n 〈◊〉_d who_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n execute_v their_o â—icked_a design_n and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o harold_n gruffydh_n be_v dead_a harold_n by_o king_n edward_n order_n â—â—pointed_v meredith_n son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d south_n wales_n and_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n 〈◊〉_d blethyn_n and_o rywaâ—hon_n the_o son_n of_o coffin_n brother_n 〈◊〉_d the_o mother_n side_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n and_o who_o proâ—ably_o for_o the_o desire_n of_o rule_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o murder_n of_o that_o noble_a prince_n this_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lheâ—â—â—yn_fw-mi enjoy_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o four_o year_n a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a verâ—â—â—_n both_o wise_a and_o valiant_a belove_v of_o his_o subject_n â—nd_v formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n in_o all_o his_o action_n he_o behave_v himself_o great_a and_o princely_a and_o have_v demand_v his_o country_n so_o brave_o against_o all_o foreign_a opposition_n he_o be_v far_o unworthy_a of_o that_o treacherous_a â—nd_n cruel_a death_n which_o his_o unkind_a subject_n and_o unnatural_a friend_n bestow_v upon_o he_o he_o leave_v issue_n â—ut_v â—â—e_v daughter_n call_v nest_n abuse_v first_o by_o fleaâ—ceâ—on_n â—on_z of_o bâ—ncho_n and_o afterward_o marry_v to_o trahaern_a â—p_n caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n after_o the_o deplorable_a murder_n of_o prince_n gruffyâ—â—_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o accord_v to_o some_o be_v son_n to_o howel_n dha_n do_v take_v 〈◊〉_d on_o he_o as_o it_o be_v say_v the_o government_n of_o south-wales_a and_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n the_o son_n of_o confyn_n hâ—â—_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n as_o descend_v from_o augboâ—_n daughter_n to_o meredith_n sometime_o prince_n of_o walâ—â—_n enter_v upon_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n câ—â—â—â—_n the_o son_n jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o that_o croâ—â—_n be_v then_o with_o his_o father-in-law_n in_o ireland_n tâ—â—_n partition_n of_o wales_n fall_v much_o short_a of_o the_o expectation_n of_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n who_o bâ—ing_v the_o chief_a promoter_n of_o harold_n make_v a_o â—â—pedition_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewolyn_n make_v no_o qâ—stion_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o government_n of_o south-wales_n â—â—case_n gruffydh_n get_v the_o worse_a but_o it_o happen_v otherwise_o harold_n be_v sensible_a of_o caradoc_n subtlety_n aâ—â—_n knavery_n and_o doubt_v whether_o if_o he_o be_v maâ—â—_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n he_o can_v obtain_v a_o certain_a lode-ship_n nigh_o hereford_n which_o he_o have_v a_o long_a mindâ—_n make_v a_o composition_n with_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n for_o 〈◊〉_d say_v lordship_n and_o create_v he_o prince_n of_o south-wales_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a banish_a caradoc_n out_o of_o 〈◊〉_d country_n harold_n have_v obtain_v his_o request_n buâ—_n a_o very_a magnificent_a house_n at_o a_o place_n call_v portasâ—â—_n in_o monmouth-shire_n and_o store_v it_o with_o great_a quantity_n of_o provision_n splendid_o entertain_v the_o king_n who_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o visit_n this_o be_v by_o a_o mean_n please_v to_o tofty_a to_o see_v his_o young_a brother_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o favour_n with_o the_o king_n thâ—â—_n himself_o and_o have_v conceal_v his_o displeasure_n for_o 〈◊〉_d time_n can_v not_o forbear_v at_o length_n but_o discover_v 〈◊〉_d grievance_n for_o one_o day_n at_o windsor_n while_o harâ—â—_n reach_v the_o cup_n to_o king_n edward_n tosty_o ready_a to_o burâ—_n for_o envy_n that_o his_o brother_n be_v so_o much_o respect_v beyond_o himself_o can_v not_o refrain_v to_o run_v furious_o upon_o he_o and_o pull_v he_o by_o the_o hair_n drag_v he_o to_o the_o ground_n for_o which_o unmannerly_a action_n the_o king_n forbid_v he_o the_o court_n but_o he_o with_o continue_a rancour_n and_o malice_n ride_v to_o hereford_n where_o harold_n have_v many_o servant_n prepare_v a_o entertainment_n for_o the_o king_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o with_o his_o follower_n â—â—opped_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o leg_n of_o some_o the_o arm_n and_o head_n of_o other_o and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o butt_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o be_v put_v in_o for_o the_o king_n be_v drink_v and_o at_o his_o departure_n charge_v the_o servant_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o of_o other_o fresh_a meat_n he_o may_v carry_v with_o he_o what_o he_o please_v but_o for_o â—ince_n he_o shall_v find_v plenty_n provide_v ready_a for_o he_o for_o which_o barbarous_a offence_n the_o king_n pronounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o he_o but_o saradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi give_v a_o finish_v stroke_n to_o harold_n house_n and_o the_o king_n entertainment_n at_o portascyth_n for_o come_v thither_o short_o after_o tosty_n departure_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o harold_n he_o kill_v all_o the_o workman_n and_o labourer_n with_o all_o the_o servant_n he_o can_v find_v and_o utter_o deface_v the_o building_n carry_v away_o all_o the_o costly_a material_n which_o with_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n have_v be_v bring_v thither_o to_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v the_o structure_n soon_o after_o which_o the_o northumbrian_n who_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o two_o brother_n harold_n and_o tosty_o who_o bear_v a_o uncontrollable_a sway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v use_v to_o practice_v most_o hellish_a villainy_n to_o encompass_v any_o man_n estate_n that_o displease_v they_o in_o a_o tumult_n at_o york_n beset_v the_o palace_n of_o tosty_o and_o have_v pillage_v his_o treasure_n â—â—ew_n all_o his_o family_n as_o well_o englishman_n as_o dane_n then_o adjoin_v to_o themselves_o the_o people_n of_o lincoln_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n shire_n they_o elect_a marcher_n the_o son_n of_o earl_n algar_n their_o general_n to_o who_o come_v his_o brother_n edwin_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o force_n â—nd_v a_o great_a party_n of_o welsh_a man_n then_o they_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n to_o northampton_n where_o harold_n meet_v they_o be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o know_v their_o demand_n to_o who_o they_o lay_v open_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o cruelty_n of_o tosty_n government_n and_o at_o last_o with_o a_o absolute_a refusal_n of_o admit_v he_o again_o desire_v that_o marcher_n shall_v be_v appoint_v earl_n over_o they_o which_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o reasonable_a complaint_n of_o injury_n do_v by_o tosty_o easy_o grant_v and_o willing_o confirm_v marcher_n title_n whereupon_o they_o peaceable_o return_v back_o to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o welsh_a with_o several_a prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n get_v in_o this_o expedition_n return_v to_o wales_n a.d._n 1066_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n edward_z die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o westminster_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o from_o cerdic_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v continue_v 544_o and_o from_o egbert_n the_o first_o monarch_n 171_o year_n edward_n be_v dead_a the_o next_o debate_n be_v about_o a_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n edgar_n edeling_n be_v set_v up_o by_o some_o as_o lawful_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o harold_n as_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n much_o wealthy_a and_o better_o befriend_v present_o thwart_v and_o bring_v matter_n so_o cunning_o about_o that_o himself_o be_v choose_v king_n without_o any_o regard_n observe_v to_o the_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o have_v former_o make_v to_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n duke_n william_n upon_o notice_n of_o harold_n advancement_n how_o that_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n between_o they_o convene_v together_o his_o noble_n and_o lay_v before_o they_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v be_v have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o harold_n as_o the_o death_n of_o his_o cousin_n alfred_n the_o banishment_n of_o archbishop_n robert_n earl_n odan_n and_o all_o the_o norman_n and_o last_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o
disturbance_n swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o osburn_n his_o brother_n with_o 300_o sail_n come_v up_o the_o humber_n and_o be_v join_v by_o edgar_n edeling_n and_o earl_n waltelfe_n march_v to_o york_n and_o take_v the_o castle_n dispose_v of_o their_o force_n to_o winter_n quarter_n betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o ouse_n and_o trent_n the_o king_n understand_v the_o matter_n post_v to_o the_o north_n who_o come_v so_o dash_v the_o confederate_n that_o they_o quick_o disperse_v their_o power_n and_o the_o dane_n escape_v to_o their_o ship_n and_o the_o king_n have_v take_v vengeance_n upon_o the_o rebellious_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n and_o upon_o his_o submission_n have_v pardon_v earl_n waltelfe_n return_v back_o to_o london_n blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n a.d._n 1070_o about_o the_o same_o time_n caradoc_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n all_o this_o while_n be_v sore_o dissatisfy_v that_o he_o can_v not_o attain_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o south_n wales_n invite_v over_o a_o great_a number_n of_o norman_n to_o who_o he_o join_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v raise_v out_o of_o gwentland_n and_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n then_o set_v upon_o prince_n meredith_n who_o be_v far_o too_o weak_a to_o encounter_n so_o considerable_a a_o army_n give_v he_o a_o easy_a overthrow_n near_o the_o river_n rymhy_n where_o meredith_n be_v slay_v and_o so_o caradoc_n obtain_v the_o government_n of_o south-wales_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n he_o have_v endeavour_v sinistrous_o to_o encompass_v he_o have_v sometime_o afore_o procure_v harold_n to_o make_v a_o invasion_n upon_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n purposely_o that_o himself_o may_v arrive_v at_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n and_o fail_v then_o of_o his_o expectation_n he_o now_o invite_v over_o the_o norman_n not_o be_v willing_a to_o trust_v the_o english_a any_o more_o by_o reason_n that_o he_o have_v so_o ungrateful_o be_v balk_v by_o harold_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v he_o care_v not_o by_o what_o course_n or_o by_o who_o mean_n he_o shall_v gain_v his_o point_n though_o it_o be_v by_o the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o his_o country_n which_o hitherto_o he_o have_v earnest_o promote_v be_v at_o length_n advance_v to_o his_o long_a expect_a government_n of_o south-wales_n which_o though_o not_o record_v seem_v yet_o very_o probable_a by_o reason_n that_o his_o son_n rytherch_v ap_fw-mi caradoc_n enjoy_v the_o same_o very_a soon_o after_o he_o do_v not_o enjoy_v this_o honour_n long_o but_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o his_o advancement_n leave_v to_o succeed_v he_o his_o son_n rytberch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o caradoc_n carry_v on_o this_o rebellion_n in_o wales_n the_o earl_n edwin_n marcher_n and_o hereward_n revolt_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o edwin_n suspect_v the_o success_n of_o their_o affair_n and_o determine_v to_o retire_v to_o malcolm_n king_n of_o scotland_n in_o his_o journey_n thither_o be_v betray_v and_o slay_v by_o his_o own_o follower_n then_o marcher_n and_o hereward_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n which_o though_o sufficient_o fortify_v be_v so_o warm_o besiege_v by_o the_o king_n that_o marcher_n and_o his_o accomplice_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n force_v to_o surrender_v themselves_o up_o prisoner_n only_a hereward_n make_v his_o escape_n to_o scotland_n but_o the_o king_n follow_v he_o close_o and_o after_o he_o have_v receive_v homage_n of_o malcolm_n king_n of_o scotland_n return_v back_o to_o england_n and_o after_o a_o short_a stay_n here_o pass_v over_o to_o normandy_n where_o he_o receive_v edgar_n edel_v again_o to_o mercy_n the_o next_o year_n the_o norman_n have_v already_o taste_v a.d._n 1071_o of_o the_o sweetness_n of_o waste_v and_o plunder_v a_o country_n come_v over_o again_o to_o wales_n and_o have_v spoil_v and_o destroy_v dyfe_v and_o the_o country_n of_o cardigan_n return_v home_o with_o very_o great_a spoil_n and_o the_o follow_a year_n sail_v over_o again_o for_o more_o booty_n about_o the_o same_o time_n bleythyd_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o one_o sulien_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o misfortune_n that_o befall_v the_o welsh_a for_o radulph_n earl_n of_o the_o east-angle_n together_o with_o roger_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o earl_n waltelpe_v enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n against_o king_n william_n appoint_v the_o day_n of_o marriage_n between_o radulph_n and_o roger_n sister_n which_o be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v in_o essex_n to_o treat_v of_o and_o conclude_v their_o design_n radulph_n mother_n be_v come_v out_o of_o wales_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n he_o invite_v over_o several_a of_o her_o friend_n and_o relation_n to_o the_o wedding_n mean_v chief_o by_o this_o seem_a affection_n by_o their_o help_n and_o procurement_n to_o bring_v over_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n of_o wales_n to_o favour_n and_o assist_v his_o undertake_n but_o king_n william_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o whole_a plot_n quick_o ruin_v all_o their_o intrigue_n unexpected_o come_v from_o normandy_n surprise_v the_o conspirator_n only_a radulph_n who_o either_o doubt_a of_o the_o success_n of_o their_o affair_n or_o else_o have_v intimation_n give_v he_o of_o the_o king_n be_v land_v before_o hand_n take_v ship_v at_o norwich_n and_o flee_v to_o denmark_n waltelpe_v and_o roger_n be_v execute_v and_o all_o the_o other_o adherent_n more_o particular_o the_o welsh_a some_o of_o who_o be_v hang_v other_o have_v a.d._n 1073_o their_o eye_n put_v out_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v banish_v soon_o after_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v base_o and_o treacherous_o murder_v by_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n and_o the_o gentleman_n of_o ystrad_n tywy_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 13_o year_n a_o prince_n of_o singular_a qualification_n and_o virtue_n and_o a_o great_a observer_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n towards_o his_o subject_n he_o be_v very_o liberal_a and_o magnificent_a be_v indeed_o very_o able_a have_v a_o prodigious_a and_o almost_o a_o incredible_a estate_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o verse_n make_v upon_o he_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n bôb_fw-mi cwys_n ei_o hûn_n bioedh_fw-mi hên_fw-mi bowis_n he_o have_v four_o wife_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n meredith_n by_o haer_fw-mi daughter_n of_o gylhyn_n his_o first_o wife_n lhywarch_n and_o cadogan_n by_o the_o second_o madoc_n and_o riryd_n by_o the_o three_o and_o jorwerth_n by_o his_o last_o trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n blethyn_n be_v as_o be_v say_v traitorous_o murder_v there_o be_v no_o regard_n have_v to_o his_o issue_n as_o to_o their_o fight_n of_o succession_n but_o trahaern_v ap_fw-mi caradoc_n his_o cousin-german_a be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o sway_n â—n_v the_o country_n be_v unanimous_o elect_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n with_o rytherch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n do_v joint_o govern_v south-wales_n trahaern_v indeed_o have_v none_o of_o the_o least_o pretence_n to_o that_o principality_n as_o have_v marry_v nest_n the_o only_a survive_a issue_n of_o that_o great_a prince_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n his_o two_o son_n meredith_n and_o ithel_n be_v late_o slay_v in_o their_o attempt_n against_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n but_o his_o title_n can_v not_o secure_v he_o in_o his_o government_n as_o much_o as_o his_o possession_n since_o there_o be_v one_o still_o live_v though_o not_o much_o regard_v who_o without_o any_o dispute_n be_v true_a heir_n â—nd_v proprietor_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n and_o this_o be_v gruffydh_n son_n to_o conan_n son_n to_o jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n who_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o death_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n and_o the_o advancement_n of_o trahaern_n think_v this_o a_o proper_a time_n to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o what_o be_v true_o his_o right_n and_o out_o of_o which_o he_o have_v be_v all_o this_o time_n most_o wrongful_o exclude_v wherefore_o have_v obtain_v help_v in_o ireland_n where_o he_o private_o sojourn_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n from_o encumalhon_n king_n of_o vltonia_fw-la ranalht_n and_o mathaw_v two_o other_o king_n of_o that_o country_n he_o sail_v for_o wales_n and_o land_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o he_o easy_o reduce_v and_o bring_v to_o subjection_n at_o the_o same_o time_n cynwric_n ap_fw-mi rywalhon_n a_o nobleman_n of_o maeler_n or_o bromfield_n be_v slay_v in_o north-wales_n but_o how_o or_o upon_o what_o account_n be_v not_o know_v but_o whilst_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n endeavour_n to_o dispossess_v trahaern_a out_o of_o north-wales_n gronow_v and_o lhewelyn_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n have_v unite_v their_o force_n with_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n intend_v to_o revenge_v the_o murder_n of_o their_o grandfather_n blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n upon_o rys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n
of_o â—â—ourt_n not_o dream_v of_o any_o such_o treacherous_a villainy_n â—â—he_o same_o time_n robert_n curthoys_a the_o bastard_n elder_a son_n â—â—eing_v for_o some_o reason_n disgu_v against_o his_o father_n and_o â—â—t_v on_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n enâ—â—red_v normandy_n with_o a_o army_n and_o claim_v it_o as_o his_o â—â—ight_n which_o king_n william_n be_v acquaint_v with_o â—â—ssed_v over_o to_o normandy_n and_o meet_v with_o his_o son_n â—and_n to_o hand_n in_o battle_n be_v by_o he_o overthrow_v â—ut_fw-la be_v return_v from_o normandy_n he_o enter_v with_o 〈◊〉_d great_a army_n into_o wales_n and_o march_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o pilgrimage_n as_o far_o as_o s._n david_n he_o offer_v aâ—â—_n pay_v his_o devotion_n to_o that_o saint_n and_o afterward_o â—â—ceived_v homage_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o coâ—â—try_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o tomb_n of_o walwey_n kiâ—â—_n arthur_n sister_n son_n a_o most_o valiant_a person_n in_o his_o tiâ—â—_n and_o governor_n of_o that_o country_n from_o he_o calâ—â—â—_n walwethey_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o country_n of_o 〈◊〉_d nigh_o the_o seashore_n who_o body_n prove_v monstrous_o prodigious_a be_v in_o length_n about_o fourteen_o foot_n a.d._n 1086_o this_o year_n madawc_n cadwgan_n and_o riryd_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n sometime_o prince_n of_o wales_n raiseâ—_n 〈◊〉_d rebellion_n against_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi tewdor_n and_o have_v draâ—â—_n together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o licentious_a and_o malcontented_a people_n think_v to_o eject_v he_o out_o of_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n rhys_n have_v not_o power_n and_o fâ—â—ces_n enough_o to_o oppose_v they_o the_o rebel_n army_n increase_v daily_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o discontent_a multitude_n who_o always_o rejoice_v at_o any_o new_a commotion_n 〈◊〉_d disturbance_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o 〈◊〉_d to_o ireland_n where_o he_o obtain_v a_o very_a considerable_a pâ—â—â—_n of_o irish_a and_o scot_n upon_o promise_n of_o a_o sufficient_a reward_n in_o case_n he_o be_v restore_v again_o to_o his_o principality_n have_v by_o this_o measure_n get_v a_o very_a sensible_a increase_n his_o former_a strength_n he_o land_v in_o south-wales_n tâ—â—_n news_n of_o who_o arrive_v be_v blaze_v abroad_o 〈◊〉_d friend_n from_o all_o quarter_n present_o retire_v to_o he_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n his_o army_n become_v numerous_a aâ—â—_n able_a to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n the_o rebel_n be_v seâ—sible_a how_o the_o prince_n force_n daily_o multiply_v aâ—â—_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v any_o far_a addition_n they_o maâ—_n all_o possible_a haste_n to_o force_v he_o to_o a_o battle_n which_o iâ—_n a_o short_a time_n after_o happen_v at_o lhech_n y_o creu_n where_o thâ—_n rebel_n be_v vanquish_v madawc_n and_o riryd_n be_v slaiâ—_n and_o cadwgan_n glad_a to_o save_v his_o life_n by_o flight_n rhys_n have_v win_v so_o signal_n a_o victory_n and_o fear_v no_o far_a disturbance_n dismiss_v the_o irish_a and_o scots_a with_o greaâ—_n reward_n who_o honourable_o return_v to_o their_o owâ—_n a.d._n 1087_o country_n within_o a_o while_n after_o a_o unaccountablâ—_n sacrilege_n be_v commit_v at_o s._n david_n the_o shriâ—â—_n belong_v to_o the_o cathedral_n be_v felonious_o convey_v out_o of_o the_o church_n all_o the_o plate_n and_o other_o utensil_n be_v steal_v and_o only_o the_o shrine_n leave_v empty_a behind_o â—he_v same_o year_n a_o civil-war_n break_v out_o in_o england_n use_v several_a army_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n â—ere_z up_o in_o arm_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o among_o the_o â—â—st_n the_o welsh_a who_o enter_v into_o gloucester_n and_o worâ—â—ster_n shire_n burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o to_z â—â—e_z gate_n of_o worcester_n the_o king_n have_v draw_v his_o arm_n together_o proceed_v against_o his_o enemy_n by_o deâ—â—ees_n and_o fall_v upon_o their_o separate_a party_n without_o â—â—y_a great_a difficulty_n reduce_v all_o to_o obedience_n withâ—â—_n a.d._n 1089_o two_o year_n after_o archbishop_z sulien_n the_o most_o pious_a use_v learned_a person_n in_o wales_n dye_v in_o the_o eighti_v â—ear_v of_o his_o age_n and_o in_o the_o sixteenth_o year_n of_o his_o biâ—oprick_n present_o after_o who_o death_n the_o town_n of_o 〈◊〉_d david_n suffer_v a_o more_o sensible_a calamity_n be_v first_o sunder_v and_o afterward_o burn_v by_o a_o company_n of_o pyâ—â—ts_n who_o sore_o infest_a the_o british_a coast_n about_o â—â—e_v same_o time_n also_o die_v cadifor_n the_o son_n of_o calhoynâ—ord_n â—ord_z of_o dyfed_a whole_a son_n lhewelyn_n and_o eineon_n moâ—â—d_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o his_o sovereign_a prince_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi tâ—wdor_n with_o who_o they_o â—yned_v all_o the_o force_n they_o cou_o levy_v among_o their_o tenant_n and_o dependent_n then_o pass_v with_o their_o arâ—y_n to_o lhandydoch_n bold_o challenge_v rhys_n to_o fight_v â—ho_n thereupon_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o after_o a_o resolute_a â—ngagement_n of_o both_o side_n the_o rebel_n be_v at_o length_n worsted_n and_o put_v flight_n and_o then_o so_o narrow_o pursue_v â—hat_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o in_o â—ne_n execute_v as_o a_o traitor_n but_o eineon_n make_v his_o â—scape_n and_o not_o dare_v to_o trust_v himself_o with_o any_o of_o â—is_n own_o kindred_n he_o flee_v to_o jestyn_n ap_fw-mi gurgant_n lord_n â—f_n morganwc_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a rebellion_n â—gainst_a prince_n rhys_n and_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o the_o â—hore_n in_o iestyn_n favour_n he_o promise_v upon_o condition_n â—f_o the_o performance_n of_o certain_a article_n one_o of_o which_o more_o especial_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v receive_v his_o daughter_n in_o matrimony_n that_o he_o will_v bring_v over_o â—o_o his_o aid_n a_o considerable_a body_n of_o norman_n with_o who_o he_o be_v singular_o acquaint_v as_o have_v serve_v a_o long_a time_n in_o england_n these_o article_n be_v agree_v to_o and_o record_v eineon_n post_v to_o england_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n bring_v matter_n so_o about_o that_o he_o prevail_v with_o robert_n fitzhamon_n and_o twelve_o more_o knight_n to_o leuâ—_n a.d._n 1090_o a_o strong_a army_n of_o norman_n and_o to_o come_v to_o wales_n tâ—_n the_o protection_n and_o aid_n of_o jestyn_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n they_o land_v in_o glamorganshire_n and_o be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o jestyn_n who_o join_v his_o power_n to_o they_o march_v to_o prince_n rhys_n his_o domininion_n where_o without_o the_o least_o show_n of_o mercy_n to_o his_o own_o countryman_n he_o encourage_v the_o norman_n by_o his_o own_o example_n to_o spoil_v and_o destroy_v all_o that_o come_v before_o they_o prince_n rhys_n be_v mighty_o grieve_v to_o finâ—_n his_o country_n so_o unmerciful_o harass_v and_o though_o aâ—_n this_o time_n very_o ancient_a be_v above_o 98_o year_n of_o age_n he_o can_v not_o refrain_v but_o meet_v his_o enemy_n and_o have_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n raise_v a_o convenient_a army_n hâ—_n meet_v with_o they_o near_o brecnock_v where_o after_o a_o terrible_a fight_n and_o a_o great_a slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n he_o be_v unhappy_o slay_v with_o he_o fall_v the_o glory_n and_o grandeâ—â—_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n be_v afterward_o rend_v in_o piece_n and_o divide_v into_o several_a part_n and_o piece-meal_n among_o these_o norman_a captain_n as_o shall_v be_v by_o and_o by_o more_o particular_o relate_v prince_n rhys_n less_o issue_n behind_o he_o by_o the_o daughter_n of_o rywalhon_n ap_fw-mi coffin_n two_o son_n gruffydh_n and_o grono_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o be_v detain_v prisoner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n thâ—â—_n the_o author_n of_o the_o win_n of_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamagan_n affirm_v that_o he_o be_v slay_v together_o with_o his_o father_n in_o this_o battle_n against_o the_o norman_n the_o norman_n have_v receive_v a_o sufficient_a reward_n from_o jestyn_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o service_n against_o prince_n rhys_n return_v to_o their_o ship_n in_o order_n to_o their_o voyage_n homeward_o but_o before_o they_o can_v loose_v anchor_n to_o sail_v off_o eineon_n recall_v they_o be_v ungrateful_o affront_v by_o jestyn_n who_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o make_v good_a to_o he_o the_o condition_n which_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o before_o the_o norman_n be_v invite_v to_o wales_n upon_o this_o account_n eineon_n be_v so_o irreconcilable_o incense_v against_o jestyn_n that_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o he_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o sacrifice_v his_o native_a country_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o stranger_n and_o therefore_o endeavour_v to_o persuade_v the_o norman_n concern_v the_o fatness_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n and_o how_o easy_o they_o may_v conquer_v and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o but_o he_o need_v not_o many_o argument_n to_o persuade_v a_o people_n that_o be_v willing_a of_o themselves_o
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great_a penalty_n to_o receive_v he_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v account_v he_o a_o open_a enemy_n to_o their_o country_n and_o endeavour_v all_o they_o can_v to_o secure_v he_o and_o to_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n before_o he_o when_o madawc_n understand_v this_o how_o that_o his_o person_n be_v in_o continual_a danger_n whilst_o he_o remain_v there_o have_v draw_v to_o he_o all_o the_o outlaw_n and_o villain_n in_o the_o country_n he_o keep_v in_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n devise_v all_o the_o way_n and_o mean_v he_o can_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o jorwerth_n and_o so_o make_v a_o private_a league_n and_o agreement_n with_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n who_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v be_v a_o mortal_a enemy_n of_o jorwerth_n these_o two_o associate_n have_v intelligence_n that_o jorwerth_n lie_v one_o night_n at_o caereineon_n gather_v all_o their_o strength_n and_o come_v and_o encompass_v the_o house_n at_o midnight_n which_o when_o iorwerth_n servant_n perceive_v they_o arise_v and_o defend_v the_o house_n with_o all_o the_o may_v they_o can_v but_o the_o assailant_n at_o last_o put_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n they_o be_v glad_a as_o many_o as_o can_v to_o escape_v through_o the_o flame_n the_o great_a part_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v either_o to_o the_o enemy_n sword_n or_o the_o more_o conquer_a fire_n jorwerth_n see_v no_o remedy_n but_o that_o he_o must_v undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n as_o his_o man_n have_v do_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o enemy_n with_o his_o sword_n in_o his_o hand_n than_o to_o commit_v his_o life_n to_o the_o cowardly_a flame_n and_o therefore_o rush_v out_o with_o great_a violence_n he_o be_v receive_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o enemy_n spear_n and_o so_o be_v toss_v into_o the_o fire_n he_o miserable_o perish_v by_o a_o double_a death_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n henry_n hear_v of_o his_o death_n he_o send_v for_o cadwgan_n to_o he_o and_o give_v he_o all_o his_o brother_n estate_n be_v powys-land_n and_o promise_v his_o son_n owen_n his_o pardon_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v demean_v himself_o quiet_o and_o loyal_o hereafter_o will_v he_o to_o send_v for_o he_o back_o from_o ireland_n king_n henry_n also_o about_o this_o time_n marry_v his_o natural_a son_n robert_n to_o mabil_n daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n to_o robert_n fiz-hamon_n lord_n of_o glamorgan_n in_o who_o right_a this_o robert_n become_v lord_n of_o glamorgan_n be_v before_o by_o the_o king_n create_v e._n of_o gloucester_n by_o who_o the_o castle_n of_o cardaf_n be_v build_v but_o madawc_n find_v the_o matter_n nothing_o mend_v and_o that_o his_o other_o uncle_n cadwgan_n who_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o obligation_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n rule_v the_o country_n hide_v himself_o in_o the_o most_o private_a and_o inaccessible_a place_n watch_v only_o a_o opportunity_n to_o commit_v the_o like_a fact_n upon_o cadwgan_n and_o to_o murder_v he_o by_o one_o treacherous_a way_n or_o another_o and_o this_o he_o effect_v in_o a_o little_a time_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v reduce_v the_o country_n to_o some_o sort_n of_o settlement_n and_o quietness_n and_o restore_v the_o court_n of_o judicature_n where_o he_o sit_v in_o person_n to_o administer_v justice_n come_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o elder_n of_o the_o country_n to_o trallwng_v now_o pool_n and_o have_v begin_v to_o build_v a_o castle_n he_o think_v to_o make_v that_o the_o constant_a seat_n of_o his_o habitation_n madawc_n understand_v his_o design_n lay_v in_o ambush_n for_o he_o in_o his_o way_n to_o trallwng_v and_o as_o cadwgan_n unconcerned_o pass_v by_o without_o the_o least_o suscition_n of_o treachery_n he_o sudden_o set_v upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o without_o allow_v he_o any_o time_n either_o to_o fight_v or_o escape_v then_o he_o send_v present_o a_o message_n to_o shrewsbury_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o the_o march_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o former_a 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de_fw-fr belesmo_n who_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o these_o welsh_a disturbance_n in_o that_o great_a rebellion_n which_o himself_o with_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n have_v raise_v against_o the_o king_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o king_n henry_n in_o normandy_n and_o commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o warham-castle_n the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n a.d._n 1110_o ap_fw-mi blethyn_n detach_v a_o considerable_a party_n of_o his_o man_n to_o make_v incursion_n into_o the_o country_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n who_o be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o himself_o and_o owen_n by_o reason_n that_o by_o his_o aid_n and_o instigation_n madawc_n be_v encourage_v to_o kill_v his_o uncle_n jorwerth_n and_o cadwgan_n these_o man_n as_o they_o pass_v through_o madawc_n country_n meet_v a_o person_n in_o the_o nighttime_n who_o belong_v to_o madawc_n who_o be_v ask_v where_o his_o master_n be_v after_o some_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n at_o last_o through_o fear_n confess_v that_o he_o be_v not_o far_o from_o that_o place_n therefore_o lie_v quiet_o there_o all_o night_n by_o break_n of_o day_n they_o arise_v to_o look_v out_o their_o game_n and_o unexpected_o surpize_v madawc_n they_o fly_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n and_o take_v himself_o prisoner_n and_o so_o carry_v he_o to_o their_o lord_n they_o deliver_v he_o up_o as_o the_o great_a honour_n of_o their_o expedition_n meredith_n be_v not_o a_o little_a proud_a of_o his_o prisoner_n and_o therefore_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o the_o more_o with_o his_o nephew_n owen_n he_o commit_v he_o to_o safe_a custody_n till_o he_o be_v send_v for_o who_o come_v thither_o straight_o meredith_n deliver_v madawc_n up_o to_o he_o owen_n though_o he_o have_v the_o great_a reason_n for_o the_o most_o cruel_a revenge_n by_o reason_n that_o both_o his_o father_n and_o uncle_n be_v base_o murder_v by_o this_o madawc_n will_v not_o put_v he_o to_o death_n remember_v the_o intimate_a friendship_n and_o oath_n that_o have_v pass_v betwixt_o they_o but_o however_o to_o secure_v he_o from_o any_o future_a mischief_n he_o may_v practice_v he_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o then_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o revenge_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n meredith_n and_o owen_n think_v fit_a to_o divide_v his_o land_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v caernarvon_n aberhiw_n with_o the_o three_o part_n of_o deuthwfyr_n these_o home-bread_n disturbance_n be_v pretty_a well_o abate_v a_o great_a storm_n arise_v from_o abroad_o for_o the_o a.d._n 1111_o next_o year_n king_n henry_n prepare_v a_o mighty_a army_n to_o enter_v into_o wales_n be_v provoke_v thereto_o by_o the_o request_n
first_o on-let_a strike_v with_o a_o arrow_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o which_o wound_n he_o present_o die_v which_o when_o his_o man_n see_v they_o all_o flee_v and_o bring_v word_n to_o lhywarch_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o fellow_n of_o what_o have_v happen_v and_o so_o suspect_v the_o king_n army_n see_v they_o can_v not_o be_v trust_v in_o their_o service_n they_o all_o return_v to_o their_o respective_a country_n owen_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n unhappy_o slay_v his_o brethren_n divide_v his_o land_n betwixt_o they_o except_v caereneon_n which_o proper_o belong_v to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ryryd_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o which_o he_o have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o his_o uncle_n meredith_n his_o father_n cadwgan_n have_v several_a child_n by_o different_a woman_n and_o beside_o himself_o he_o have_v issue_n madawc_n by_o gwenlhian_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n eineon_n by_o sanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o dyfnwal_n morgan_n by_o efelhiw_n or_o elhiw_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadifor_n ap_fw-mi colhoyn_v lord_n of_o dyfed_a henry_n and_o gruffydh_n be_v by_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o lord_n pigot_n his_o wed_a wife_n meredith_n by_o eururon_n hoedliw_n and_o himself_o by_o inerth_n the_o daughter_n of_o edwin_n but_o a_o while_n afterward_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n and_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n in_o merionythshire_n which_o be_v late_o build_v by_o vchtryd_v ap_fw-mi edwin_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v bestow_v upon_o vchtryd_v his_o cofin-german_a merionyth_n and_o cyfeilioc_n upon_o condition_n that_o in_o all_o case_n he_o shall_v appear_v his_o friend_n and_o his_o son_n after_o he_o contrary_a to_o which_o promise_n he_o bear_v no_o manner_n of_o regard_n to_o cadwgan_n child_n after_o owen_n death_n but_o to_o strengthen_v himself_o the_o better_a he_o erect_v this_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n which_o very_o much_o displease_v many_o of_o cadwgan_n son_n and_o therefore_o eineon_n and_o gruffydh_n to_o make_v vchtryd_v sensible_a of_o his_o error_n in_o despise_v of_o they_o furious_o set_v upon_o cymmer_n castle_n and_o have_v slay_v divers_a of_o the_o garrison_n the_o rest_n surrender_v themselves_o and_o so_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o they_o divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o they_o mowdhwy_a cyfyeilioc_n and_o half_a penlhyn_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o the_o other_o half_a of_o penthyn_n with_o all_o merionyth_n to_o eineon_n the_o next_o year_n king_n henry_n fail_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o normandy_n against_o the_o french_a king_n who_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n and_o other_o go_v about_o to_o make_v william_n the_o son_n of_o robert_n curthoise_n duke_n of_o normandy_n but_o at_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o all_o scatter_a and_o lay_v aside_o their_o intend_a design_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gilbert_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigill_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n have_v give_v all_o cardigan_n depart_v this_o life_n after_o a_o long_a fit_a of_o a_o consumption_n much_o to_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v in_o great_a measure_n displease_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o own_o natural_a lord_n cadwgan_n from_o who_o this_o country_n be_v take_v away_o and_o be_v force_v to_o serve_v and_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o stranger_n who_o kindness_n they_o have_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o expect_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1115_o a_o irreconcilable_a quarrel_n happen_v betwixt_o howel_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n lord_n of_o ros_n and_o ryfonioc_n now_o denbighland_n and_o riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n and_o when_o they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o agree_v they_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n and_o thereupon_o howel_n send_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o to_o eineon_n and_o madawc_n cadwgan_n son_n who_o come_v down_o from_o merionyth_n with_o a_o party_n of_o four_o hundred_o well-disciplined_a man_n and_o encamp_v in_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n deâ—â—red_v the_o assistance_n of_o their_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v and_o so_o both_o army_n meet_v in_o the_o vale_n of_o clwyd_n they_o fall_v to_o blow_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o spirit_n and_o alacrity_n and_o after_o a_o tedious_a and_o a_o bloody_a fight_n lhywarch_n owen_n ap_fw-mi edwyn's_fw-mi son_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v and_o with_o he_o jorwerth_n the_o son_n of_o nudh_n a_o noble_a and_o a_o valorous_a person_n and_o riryd_n be_v force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o though_o howel_n obtain_v the_o victory_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o slay_a enemy_n for_o have_v receive_v a_o desperate_a wound_n in_o the_o action_n dye_v of_o it_o within_o forty_o day_n and_o than_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o stay_v long_o there_o for_o fear_n of_o some_o french_a who_o lie_v garrison_v in_o chester_n return_v home_o with_o all_o speed_n king_n henry_n be_v still_o in_o normandy_n and_o about_o this_o a.d._n 1116_o time_n a_o very_a great_a battle_n be_v fight_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v shameful_o vanquish_v and_o overthrow_v and_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o noble_n take_v prisoner_n but_o as_o king_n henry_n return_v the_o follow_a a.d._n 11_o 7._o year_n for_o england_n one_o of_o the_o ship_n happen_v by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o pilot_n to_o be_v cast_v away_o wherein_o perish_v the_o king_n two_o son_n william_n who_o be_v legitimate_a and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o richard_n his_o base_a son_n together_o with_o his_o daughter_n and_o niece_n and_o several_a other_o of_o his_o nobility_n to_o the_o number_n in_o all_o of_o 150_o person_n this_o unparalleled_a loss_n of_o so_o many_o kindred_n and_o friend_n do_v not_o perplex_v his_o mind_n so_o long_o but_o that_o within_o a_o short_a time_n he_o begin_v to_o solace_v and_o raise_v his_o droop_a spirit_n with_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o new_a wife_n and_o have_v marry_v adelice_n a.d._n 1118_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o louvain_n he_o purpose_v to_o go_v against_o wales_n and_o have_v prepare_v his_o force_n he_o lead_v they_o in_o person_n to_o powys-land_n when_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o eineon_n madawc_n and_o morgan_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n hear_v of_o it_o they_o send_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n desire_v some_o help_n at_o his_o hand_n who_o flat_o refuse_v assure_v they_o that_o because_o he_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o can_v neither_o with_o honour_n nor_o safety_n send_v they_o any_o succour_n nor_o permit_v they_o to_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n the_o lord_n of_o powy_n receive_v this_o unwelcome_a answer_n and_o have_v now_o no_o manner_n of_o hope_n of_o any_o aid_n be_v resolve_v however_o to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v and_o therefore_o they_o think_v it_o the_o most_o effectual_a mean_n to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n be_v to_o observe_v and_o defend_v the_o strait_n by_o which_o the_o enemy_n must_v of_o necessity_n pass_v neither_o be_v they_o out_o in_o their_o policy_n for_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o a_o small_a number_n advance_v to_o one_o of_o these_o narrow_a passage_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o carriage_n have_v take_v some_o compass_n about_o which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v present_o pour_v a_o shower_n of_o arrow_n upon_o they_o and_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n give_v help_n to_o their_o execution_n they_o slay_v and_o wound_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a the_o king_n himself_o be_v strike_v in_o the_o breast_n but_o for_o all_o that_o the_o arrow_n can_v not_o hurt_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o armour_n yet_o he_o be_v so_o terrify_v with_o this_o unexpected_a conflict_n and_o consider_v with_o himself_o that_o he_o must_v receive_v several_a such_o brush_n before_o he_o can_v advance_v to_o the_o plain_a country_n and_o what_o be_v above_o all_o be_v sensible_a that_o by_o such_o rash_a misfortune_n he_o may_v lose_v all_o the_o honour_n and_o fame_n which_o he_o have_v before_o obtain_v send_v a_o message_n to_o parley_v with_o they_o who_o keep_v the_o passage_n and_o with_o all_o assurance_n of_o safety_n to_o desire_v they_o to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n the_o welsh_a be_v come_v and_o question_v how_o they_o have_v such_o confidence_n to_o oppose_v the_o king_n and_o to_o put_v his_o life_n in_o so_o much_o danger_n make_v answer_n that_o they_o belong_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o according_a to_o their_o master_n order_n they_o be_v
apprehension_n of_o his_o former_a miscarriage_n that_o he_o endure_v penance_n for_o the_o expiation_n of_o former_a guilt_n a.d._n 1134_o in_o the_o year_n 1134._o till_o which_o time_n nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v in_o wales_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n dye_v in_o normandy_n in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n after_o who_o stephen_n earl_n of_o buloign_n son_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o bloys_n his_o sister_n son_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o hugh_n bygod_n be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n consent_v thereunto_o though_o contrary_a to_o a_o former_a oath_n they_o have_v take_v to_o maud_n the_o empress_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o employ_v his_o thought_n after_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o government_n be_v against_o david_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o take_v advantage_n of_o this_o new_a revolution_n in_o england_n by_o some_o treacherous_a mean_n or_o other_o get_v the_o town_n of_o carlisle_n and_o newcastle_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o king_n stephen_n though_o scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n present_o march_v towards_o the_o north_n of_o who_o come_v david_n be_v assure_v and_o fear_v to_o meet_v he_o voluntary_o restore_v newcastle_n and_o compound_v for_o carlisle_n but_o will_v not_o swear_v to_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o oath_n to_o maud_n which_o however_o his_o son_n henry_n do_v not_o stick_v at_o and_o thereupon_o be_v by_o king_n stephen_n create_v earl_n of_o huntingdon_n this_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o affair_n in_o england_n make_v also_o a.d._n 1135_o the_o welsh_a bestir_v themselves_o for_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n a_o man_n of_o considerable_a quality_n and_o estate_n in_o wales_n remember_v the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o richard_n fitz-gilbert_n slay_v he_o together_o with_o his_o son_n gilbert_n and_o short_o after_o cadwallader_n and_o owen_n gwyneth_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v raise_v a_o mighty_a army_n march_v against_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o come_v to_o cardigan_n commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o havoc_n in_o the_o country_n and_o take_v two_o of_o the_o strong_a place_n one_o belong_v to_o walter_n espec_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n in_o this_o last_o place_n they_o be_v join_v by_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n who_o march_v forward_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o richard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mare_n together_o with_o those_o of_o dinerth_n and_o caerwedros_n and_o then_o return_v with_o very_o valuable_a booty_n but_o have_v succeed_v so_o well_o in_o this_o expedition_n they_o can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v till_o they_o have_v rid_v the_o whole_a country_n from_o the_o intolerable_a pride_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o therefore_o return_v the_o same_o year_n to_o cardigan_n with_o 6000_o foot_n and_o 2000_o horse_n well_o discipline_v and_o experience_v soldier_n and_o be_v join_v by_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n of_o brecknock_n with_o his_o son_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n they_o overran_a the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o aberteifi_n restore_v all_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n to_o their_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o discard_n all_o such_o stranger_n as_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o strygil_n have_v place_v in_o the_o country_n but_o when_o stephen_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o aberteifi_n see_v that_o he_o call_v to_o he_o robert_n fitz-martyn_n the_o son_n of_o gerald_n and_o william_n fitz-john_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o norman_n fleming_n and_o english_a in_o wales_n or_o the_o march_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o welsh_a betwixt_o aber_n ned_n and_o aber_n dyfi_n give_v they_o battle_n but_o after_o a_o very_a sore_n and_o bloody_a encounter_n the_o english_a begin_v to_o give_v ground_n and_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a manner_n trust_v too_o much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o town_n and_o fortification_n begin_v to_o look_v how_o to_o save_v themselves_o that_o way_n but_o the_o welsh_a press_v upon_o they_o so_o hard_o that_o they_o kill_v above_o 3000_o man_n beside_o several_a that_o be_v drown_v and_o take_v prisoner_n this_o victory_n be_v so_o happy_o obtain_v cadwallader_n and_o owen_n overran_a the_o whole_a country_n force_v all_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n to_o depart_v the_o country_n with_o all_o speed_n and_o place_v in_o their_o room_n those_o miserable_a welsh_a who_o have_v be_v so_o long_o deprive_v and_o keep_v from_o their_o own_o estate_n and_o after_o they_o have_v weed_v the_o country_n of_o those_o insatiable_a caterpillar_n they_o return_v to_o north_n wales_n lade_v with_o very_o rich_a spoil_n and_o acceptable_a plunder_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o take_v notice_n to_o what_o extremity_n his_o subject_n be_v reduce_v to_o in_o wales_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o own_o noble_n of_o england_n be_v rise_v in_o arm_n against_o he_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o tumult_n among_o the_o nobility_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o fallacious_a report_n that_o go_v about_o of_o the_o king_n death_n who_o lie_v then_o sick_a of_o a_o lethargy_n they_o that_o bear_v he_o no_o good_a will_n verify_v the_o rumour_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o common_a people_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o empress_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o king_n friend_n betake_v themselves_o to_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_v for_o fear_n of_o the_o empress_n and_z among_z other_o hugh_z bigod_n secure_v the_o castle_n of_o norwich_n and_o after_o that_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o king_n be_v well_o again_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o deliver_v the_o same_o out_o of_o his_o possession_n a.d._n 1136_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n but_o during_o these_o commotion_n and_o trouble_n in_o england_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n son_n to_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n dye_v leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v rhys_n common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n rhys_n by_o gwenlhian_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n who_o by_o some_o be_v say_v to_o have_v poison_v her_o husband_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n die_v likewise_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 57_o year_n to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o discontent_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n as_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a quality_n and_o one_o who_o after_o divers_a victory_n obtain_v over_o the_o english_a have_v thorough_o purge_v north-wales_n from_o all_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o angharad_n the_o daughter_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n three_o son_n namely_o owen_n cadwallader_n and_o cadwalhon_n and_o five_o daughter_n marret_n susanna_n ranulht_n agnes_n and_o gwenlhian_a and_o by_o a_o concubine_n jago_n ascain_n edwal_n abbot_n of_o penmon_n dolhing_n and_o elen_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o hova_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n felyn_n of_o yal_a there_o be_v several_a good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n and_o statute_n enact_v in_o his_o time_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o reform_v the_o great_a disorder_n of_o the_o welsh_a minstrel_n which_o be_v then_o grow_v to_o great_a abuse_n of_o these_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n in_o wales_n the_o first_o be_v call_v beirdh_n who_o compose_v several_a song_n and_o ode_n of_o various_a measure_n wherein_o the_o poet_n skill_n be_v not_o only_o require_v but_o also_o a_o natural_a endowment_n or_o a_o vein_n which_o the_o latin_n term_v furor_fw-la poeticus_fw-la these_o likewise_o keep_v the_o record_n of_o all_o gentleman_n arm_n and_o pedigree_n and_o be_v principal_o esteem_v among_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o welsh_a poet_n the_o next_o be_v such_o as_o play_v upon_o musical_a instrument_n chief_o the_o harp_n and_o the_o crowd_n which_o music_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n first_o bring_v over_o into_o wales_n who_o be_v bear_v in_o ireland_n and_o descend_v by_o his_o mother_n side_n of_o irish_a parent_n bring_v with_o he_o from_o thence_o several_a skilful_a musician_n who_o invent_v almost_o all_o the_o instrument_n as_o be_v afterward_o play_v upon_o in_o wales_n the_o last_o sort_n be_v call_v atcaneay_v who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o sing_v to_o the_o instrument_n play_v upon_o by_o another_o each_o of_o these_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n have_v their_o several_a reward_n and_o encouragement_n allot_v to_o they_o their_o life_n and_o behaviour_n be_v to_o be_v spotless_a and_o unblameable_a otherwise_o their_o punishment_n be_v very_o severe_a and_o rigid_a every_o one_o have_v authority_n to_o punish_v and_o correct_v they_o even_o to_o the_o deprivation_n of_o all_o they_o have_v they_o be_v also_o
wrongful_a and_o deceitful_a deal_n of_o king_n henry_n but_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o redress_v these_o grievance_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisible_a for_o a_o time_n to_o live_v quiet_o with_o a_o little_a than_o rash_o to_o hazard_v all_o but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o have_v opportunity_n either_o to_o demand_v redress_n from_o the_o king_n or_o else_o to_o endeavour_v it_o himself_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n for_o as_o soon_o as_o roger_n earl_n of_o clare_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o distribution_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v grant_v to_o prince_n rhys_n he_o come_v to_o king_n henry_n request_v of_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o will_v grant_v he_o such_o land_n in_o wales_n as_o he_o can_v win_v by_o force_n of_o armâ—_n the_o king_n ready_o comply_v with_o his_o request_n be_v always_o very_o forward_o to_o grant_v any_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o curb_v and_o discommode_v the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o cardigan_n and_o have_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_a humphrey_n dyfi_n dynerth_n and_o lhanrhystyd_n he_o make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o country_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n walter_n clyfford_v who_o be_v governor_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n castle_n make_v inroad_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o after_o he_o have_v slay_v several_a of_o the_o welsh_a and_o make_v great_a waste_n in_o the_o country_n return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n prince_n rhys_n as_o he_o be_v unable_a to_o bear_v these_o outrage_n so_o he_o be_v resolve_v either_o to_o have_v immediate_a redress_n or_o else_o to_o proclaim_v open_a war_n against_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o he_o send_v a_o express_a to_o king_n henry_n complain_v of_o the_o hostility_n which_o his_o subject_n the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o walter_n clifford_n have_v commit_v in_o in_o his_o country_n but_o find_v the_o king_n to_o put_v he_o still_o off_o with_o only_a smooth_a word_n and_o fair_a promise_n and_o that_o he_o always_o wink_v at_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o in_o short_a time_n make_v himself_o matter_n of_o it_o also_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n rhy_n brother_n son_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a valour_n be_v desirous_a to_o free_v his_o country_n from_o that_o miserable_a servitude_n they_o now_o groan_v under_o and_o judge_v withal_o that_o his_o uncle_n be_v now_o discharge_v from_o the_o oath_n he_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n sit_v before_o the_o castle_n of_o humphrey_n and_o have_v forcible_o make_v his_o entrance_n into_o it_o he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n where_o he_o find_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o armour_n enough_o to_o arm_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n and_o whilst_o eineon_n be_v thus_o engage_v at_o humphrey_n castle_n prince_n rhys_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o enjoy_v any_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n but_o what_o he_o afterward_o get_v by_o the_o sword_n draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o enter_v cardigan_n where_o like_o a_o most_o violent_a torrent_n he_o overrun_v the_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v not_o one_o castle_n stand_v of_o those_o which_o his_o enemy_n have_v fortify_v and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n king_n henry_n be_v sore_o offend_v at_o the_o progress_n which_o prince_n rhys_n so_o sudden_o make_v against_o he_o return_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o south-wales_n but_o find_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o prince_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v all_o that_o he_o have_v get_v and_o only_o to_o take_v hostage_n for_o his_o observe_v of_o peace_n during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o prince_n rhys_n promise_v to_o do_v he_o forthwith_o return_v to_o england_n and_o soon_o after_o go_v for_o normandy_n where_o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n a.d._n 1158_o but_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o his_o promise_n to_o king_n henry_n last_o year_n lead_v his_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v fortify_v in_o that_o country_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o caermardhyn_n but_o reynold_n earl_n of_o bristol_n the_o king_n be_v base_a son_n be_v inform_v of_o it_o call_v together_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n his_o brother-in-law_n cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n howel_n and_o conan_n owen_n son_n with_o two_o earl_n more_o who_o with_o their_o joint_a force_n march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o prince_n rhys_n be_v wise_a than_o to_o abide_v their_o come_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o first_o intimation_n of_o such_o great_a opposition_n he_o retire_v to_o the_o mountain_n call_v cefn_n rester_fw-fr and_o there_o encamp_v be_v sufficient_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n by_o the_o natural_a fortification_n of_o the_o place_n the_o confederate_a army_n lie_v at_o dynwylhîr_n and_o there_o build_v a_o castle_n but_o find_v no_o news_n or_o tiding_n of_o prince_n rhys_n they_o return_v home_o without_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o note_n king_n henry_n be_v still_o in_o normandy_n and_o there_o make_v war_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n for_o the_o city_n and_o earldom_n of_o tholouse_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o year_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o powis_n die_v at_o winchester_n whence_o his_o body_n be_v honourable_o convey_v to_o powis_n and_o bury_v at_o myfod_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n very_o much_o affect_v to_o piety_n and_o religion_n very_o charitable_a to_o the_o necessitous_a and_o good_a to_o the_o distress_a but_o his_o great_a fault_n be_v that_o he_o stickle_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o english_a and_o be_v always_o in_o confederacy_n with_o king_n henry_n against_o the_o good_a success_n of_o his_o native_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n three_o son_n gruffydh_n maylor_n owen_n and_o elis_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v mar_v he_o have_v also_o three_o natural_a son_n owen_n brogynton_n cynwric_n efelh_n and_o eineon_n efelh_n who_o though_o base_a bear_v yet_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n co-inherited_n with_o their_o brethren_n who_o be_v legitimate_a and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o once_o for_o all_o to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o principality_n afterward_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o share_n and_o portion_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v so_o irrecoverable_o break_v and_o weaken_v that_o it_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n before_o the_o rest_n of_o wales_n for_o powis_n before_o king_n offa_n time_n reach_v eastward_o to_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o dee_n in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o end_n of_o broxen_n hill_n to_o salop_n and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o wye_n and_o severn_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o estate_n of_o brochwel_n yscithroc_n of_o who_o mention_n be_v make_v before_o but_o after_o the_o make_n of_o offa_n dike_n powis_n be_v contract_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n the_o plain_a country_n towards_o salop_n be_v inhabit_v by_o saxon_n and_o norman_n so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o it_o reach_v north-east_n from_o pulford-bridge_n to_o lhangiric-parish_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o cardiganshire_n to_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o the_o far_a part_n of_o cyfeilioc_n westward_n to_o elsmere_n on_o the_o east-side_n this_o principality_n roderic_n the_o great_a give_v to_o his_o young_a son_n merfyn_n in_o who_o posterity_n it_o remain_v entire_a till_o the_o death_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n who_o though_o he_o have_v divide_v it_o betwixt_o his_o son_n meredith_n and_o cadwgan_n yet_o it_o come_v again_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o the_o possession_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n but_o he_o again_o break_v the_o union_n and_o leave_v it_o between_o his_o two_o son_n madawe_n and_o gruffydh_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v to_o susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o have_v with_o she_o that_o part_n afterward_o call_v by_o his_o name_n powis_n fadoc_n after_o his_o death_n this_o lordship_n be_v divide_v also_o betwixt_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n maelor_n owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n and_o owen_n brogynton_n which_o last_o though_o base_o bear_v have_v however_o for_o his_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o courage_n a_o share_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n namely_o
companion_n and_o slay_v they_o to_o a_o man._n king_n henry_n be_v implacable_o enrage_v at_o this_o news_n and_o so_o cruel_o incense_v that_o he_o present_o raise_v and_o draw_v together_o all_o his_o power_n and_o come_v to_o worcester_n intend_v to_o march_v forward_o to_o wales_n and_o to_o invade_v the_o enemy_n country_n but_o the_o lord_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o subtle_a and_o a_o politic_a prince_n think_v it_o impossible_a to_o withstand_v the_o english_a army_n and_o fear_v the_o king_n puissance_n which_o he_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o implacable_o bend_v against_o the_o welsh_a go_v in_o person_n to_o worcester_n and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n become_v his_o perpetual_a liegeman_n and_o for_o the_o due_a observance_n of_o this_o contract_n he_o promise_v to_o send_v his_o son_n and_o nephew_n for_o pledge_n but_o when_o he_o will_v have_v persuade_v they_o to_o answer_v his_o request_n the_o young_a man_n consider_v with_o themselves_o how_o former_a pledge_n have_v not_o be_v very_o genteely_a treat_v by_o the_o english_a refuse_v to_o go_v and_o so_o the_o whole_a matter_n rest_v for_o that_o time_n what_o become_v of_o the_o matter_n afterward_o we_o know_v not_o but_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o king_n henry_n return_v to_o england_n satisfy_v with_o rhy_n submission_n for_o we_o hear_v no_o more_o of_o his_o come_n to_o wales_n and_o so_o the_o country_n remain_v quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o at_o length_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o kill_v and_o murder_v one_o another_o a.d._n 1186_o cadwallader_n prince_n rhy_n son_n be_v private_o murder_v in_o west-wales_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o tie_v gwyn_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o madawe_n a.d._n 1187_o ap_fw-mi meredith_n be_v slay_v by_o night_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o carrergova_n near_o oswestry_n by_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n but_o what_o be_v most_o unnatural_a of_o all_o lhewelyn_n who_o father_n cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v late_o murder_v by_o the_o englishman_n be_v take_v by_o his_o own_o brother_n who_o very_o barbarous_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n about_o the_o same_o time_n baldwyn_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v attend_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la take_v a_o progress_n into_o wales_n be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o visit_v that_o country_n who_o authority_n the_o clergy_n of_o wales_n in_o vain_a oppose_v though_o they_o stiff_o allege_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o their_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o s._n david_n in_o this_o visitation_n describe_v by_o giraldus_n in_o his_o itinerarium_fw-la cambriae_fw-la he_o persuade_v many_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n to_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o those_o prevail_a enemy_n of_o christianity_n the_o saracen_n to_o who_o prevail_a greatness_n jerusalem_n itself_o be_v now_o in_o great_a danger_n a.d._n 1188_o to_o become_v subject_a the_o archbishop_n have_v leave_v the_o country_n maelgon_n the_o son_n of_o lord_n rhys_n bring_v all_o his_o power_n against_o tenbigh_n and_o have_v by_o force_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o burn_v the_o whole_a town_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o carry_v away_o very_o considerable_a spoil_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o such_o civil_a behaviour_n and_o easy_a access_n of_o so_o comely_a personage_n and_o honesty_n in_o all_o his_o action_n that_o he_o attract_v the_o most_o earnest_a love_n and_o affection_n of_o all_o his_o friend_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o become_v very_o terrible_a and_o formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n especial_o the_o flemings_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v divers_a victory_n and_o conquest_n the_o next_o year_n be_v the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1189._o a.d._n 1189_o henry_n the_o second_o surname_v courtmantel_n king_n of_o england_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o fonteverard_n after_o who_o his_o son_n richard_n call_v curdelyon_n be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o peer_n and_o nobility_n of_o england_n crown_v in_o his_o place_n prince_n rhys_n be_v thus_o deprive_v of_o his_o great_a friend_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o make_v the_o best_a provision_n he_o can_v for_o himself_o by_o enlarge_a his_o dominion_n and_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o present_a territory_n and_o therefore_o have_v raise_v all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o seynclere_n abercorran_n and_o lhanstephan_n and_o have_v take_v and_o commit_v to_o prison_n maelgw_v his_o son_n who_o be_v the_o great_a thorn_n in_o his_o side_n as_o one_o that_o be_v most_o passionate_o belove_v by_o the_o south-wales_n man_n he_o bring_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o his_o subjection_n then_o he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o cydwely_n but_o a.d._n 1190_o what_o take_v away_o from_o he_o the_o joy_n of_o all_o this_o good_a fortune_n he_o lose_v his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n a_o woman_n of_o such_o incomparable_a beauty_n and_o exceed_v in_o all_o feminine_a qualification_n that_o she_o be_v account_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a accomplish_a lady_n in_o all_o the_o country_n and_o not_o long_o after_o she_o die_v gruffydh_n maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n a.d._n 1191_o a_o man_n of_o great_a prudence_n and_o experience_n and_o one_o that_o excel_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o time_n in_o hospitality_n and_o all_o other_o act_n of_o generosity_n and_o liberality_n his_o corpse_n be_v carry_v to_o myfod_n and_o honourable_o inter_v there_o be_v attend_v by_o most_o of_o the_o person_n of_o quality_n throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n angharad_n daughter_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o son_n call_v madawc_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n call_v from_o he_o powy_n fadawc_n rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v grow_v very_o powerful_a and_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o south-wales_n only_o with_o some_o few_o place_n more_o dynefowr_n hold_v out_o still_o which_o however_o upon_o the_o first_o assault_n he_o make_v against_o it_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o but_o as_o he_o increase_v 〈◊〉_d â—he_v number_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o have_v that_o of_o his_o child_n diminish_v for_o his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n be_v late_o decease_v and_o now_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o get_v dynefowr_a castle_n into_o his_o possession_n but_o his_o son_n owen_n die_v at_o strata_n florida_n or_o ystratflur_v king_n richard_n be_v go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o the_o saracen_n but_o in_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o win_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cyprus_n and_o give_v it_o to_o gwido_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v resign_v his_o former_a title_n to_o he_o during_o his_o stay_n in_o this_o island_n he_o marry_v berengaria_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o navarr_n a.d._n 1192_o maeâ—gon_n prince_n rhy_n son_n have_v be_v now_o detain_v a_o long_a time_n in_o prison_n where_o his_o father_n have_v shut_v he_o up_o but_o be_v at_o last_o utter_o weary_a of_o such_o a_o close_a confinement_n he_o find_v some_o mean_n or_o other_o to_o get_v out_o and_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n his_o father_n prince_n rhys_n be_v not_o so_o trouble_v at_o his_o be_v break_v out_o and_o that_o he_o have_v get_v his_o liberty_n as_o to_o give_v over_o the_o conquest_n which_o all_o this_o while_n he_o have_v go_v so_o furious_o on_o with_o but_o lay_v siege_n to_o lhanhayaden_a castle_n he_o take_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n about_o to_o his_o subjection_n and_o what_o favour_v he_o more_o in_o his_o attempt_n against_o the_o english_a king_n richard_z a.d._n 1193_o have_v most_o brave_o signalise_v himself_o against_o the_o infidel_n in_o his_o return_n home_o through_o austria_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o duke_n leopold_n who_o present_v he_o to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n who_o demand_v 200000_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n that_o he_o have_v spoil_v and_o plunder_v the_o island_n of_o sicily_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o as_o rhys_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o king_n richard_n absence_n to_o subject_n south-wales_n so_o roderic_n brother_n to_o david_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n make_v use_v of_o gothrike'_v the_o king_n of_o man_n help_n to_o get_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n to_o himself_o and_o eject_v his_o brother_n and_o therefore_o enter_v into_o anglâ—sey_n he_o quick_o reduce_v the_o whole_a island_n to_o his_o subjection_n but_o he_o do_v not_o enjoy_v it_o long_o for_o before_o the_o year_n be_v over_o the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n come_v with_o a_o army_n against_o he_o and_o force_v he_o together_o with_o the_o
among_o they_o which_o afterward_o mighty_o increase_v when_o they_o be_v once_o introduce_v by_o augustin_n the_o monk_n this_o year_n likewise_o we_o find_v the_o spiteful_a and_o turbulent_a maelgon_n choose_v rather_o to_o persist_v still_o in_o his_o rebellion_n than_o to_o return_v to_o his_o allegiance_n and_o to_o prefer_v a_o small_a lucre_n to_o the_o love_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o country_n for_o now_o find_v that_o the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n be_v not_o tenable_a by_o his_o own_o power_n and_o force_n yet_o rather_o than_o deliver_v it_o up_o to_o his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n and_o thereby_o procure_v his_o favour_n he_o choose_v to_o sell_v it_o to_o his_o bitter_a enemy_n the_o english_a for_o a_o inconsiderable_a sum_n of_o money_n whereby_o he_o open_v they_o a_o free_a passage_n into_o all_o wales_n this_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o its_o chief_a defence_n and_o bulwark_n about_o this_o time_n madawc_n son_n of_o gruffydh_n maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n build_v the_o abbey_n of_o lanegwest_n common_o know_v by_o the_o english_a by_o the_o name_n of_o vale_fw-la crucii_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1201._o the_o valiant_a lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n a.d._n 1201_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n banish_v out_o of_o his_o territory_n his_o cousin_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o he_o suspect_v of_o treasonable_a practice_n and_o therefore_o confiscate_v his_o land_n which_o be_v the_o cantref_o of_o lhyn_n and_o efyonyth_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n be_v slay_v at_o carâ—wilhion_n by_o treason_n whereupon_o his_o elder_a brother_n gruffydh_n possess_v himself_o of_o his_o castle_n in_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o all_o his_o land_n this_o gruffydh_n be_v a_o valiant_a and_o discreet_a prince_n and_o one_o that_o be_v like_a to_o bring_v all_o south-wales_n to_o good_a order_n and_o obedience_n for_o in_o all_o thing_n he_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n and_o make_v it_o his_o business_n to_o succeed_v he_o as_o well_o in_o his_o valour_n and_o virtuous_a endowment_n as_o in_o his_o government_n but_o the_o vast_a hope_n conceive_v of_o he_o soon_o prove_v abortive_a for_o in_o the_o ensue_a a.d._n 1202_o year_n on_o s._n james_n day_n he_o die_v to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o loss_n of_o his_o country_n and_o short_o after_o be_v bury_v at_o ystratflur_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o solemnity_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o for_o a_o successor_n a_o son_n call_v rhys_n which_o maud_n the_o daughter_n of_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n have_v bear_v he_o the_o follow_a year_n some_o of_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n march_v with_o a_o army_n towards_o the_o castle_n of_o gwerthrynion_n which_o belong_v to_o roger_n mortimer_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n they_o take_v it_o and_o level_v it_o with_o the_o ground_n this_o year_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n calling_z to_o mind_v his_o estate_n and_o title_n and_o how_o all_o the_o welsh_a prince_n be_v oblige_v both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o those_o of_o howel_n dha_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n for_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o to_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o for_o their_o dominion_n yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o they_o know_v this_o to_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o that_o they_o former_o have_v ready_o perform_v it_o yet_o because_o of_o late_a year_n his_o predecessor_n have_v neglect_v to_o call_v they_o to_o their_o duty_n they_o now_o begin_v to_o imagine_v themselves_o exempt_v from_o it_o and_o some_o thought_n themselves_o accountable_a to_o no_o superior_a prince_n other_o deny_v subjection_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o hold_v their_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o put_v a_o stop_n therefore_o to_o the_o further_a growth_n of_o this_o contempt_n and_o to_o assert_v his_o own_o right_a prince_n lhewelyn_n summon_v all_o the_o welsh_a lord_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n appear_v and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o but_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n neither_o come_v to_o this_o meeting_n nor_o will_v own_o the_o prince_n supremacy_n which_o stubborness_n and_o disobedience_n the_o prince_n acquaint_v his_o lord_n with_o whereupon_o they_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o gwenwynwyn_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o his_o duty_n or_o else_o forfeit_v his_o estate_n this_o all_o the_o lord_n consent_v to_o but_o elis_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n who_o be_v a_o intimate_a friend_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o the_o enact_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o but_o break_v off_o from_o the_o meeting_n much_o dissatisfy_v with_o their_o proceed_n notwithstanding_o which_v prince_n lhewelyn_n pursuant_n to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o lord_n raises_z a_o army_n and_o march_n towards_o powy_n but_o before_o he_o make_v any_o use_n of_o it_o he_o be_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o some_o learned_a and_o able_a man_n reconcile_v to_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o so_o gwenwynwyn_n become_v his_o dutiful_a subject_n which_o he_o confirm_v both_o by_o oath_n and_o write_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o without_o good_a reason_n that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n use_v all_o the_o caution_n imaginable_a to_o bind_v this_o man_n for_o he_o have_v swear_v allegiance_n before_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n lhewelyn_n have_v thus_o subject_v gwenwynwyn_n he_o think_v it_o now_o convenient_a to_o show_v likewise_o some_o mark_n of_o his_o resentment_n against_o his_o adherent_a elis_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n and_o therefore_o he_o strip_v he_o of_o all_o his_o land_n whereupon_o elis_n flee_v the_o country_n but_o not_o long_o after_o yield_v himself_o to_o the_o prince_n mercy_n he_o receive_v of_o he_o the_o castle_n of_o crogen_n and_o seven_o township_n beside_o and_o now_o have_v mention_v crogen_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o step_v a_o little_a out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o here_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o english_a former_o when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o reproach_v the_o welsh_a call_v they_o crogens_n the_o first_o occasion_n of_o it_o be_v this_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a to_o the_o mountain_n of_o berwin_n lay_v a_o while_n at_o oswestre_n during_o which_o time_n he_o detach_v a_o number_n of_o his_o man_n to_o try_v the_o passage_n into_o wales_n who_o as_o they_o will_v have_v pass_v offa_n ditch_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o crogen_n at_o which_o place_n there_o be_v a_o narrow_a way_n through_o the_o same_o ditch_n which_o appear_v now_o very_o deep_a through_o all_o that_o country_n and_o bear_v its_o old_a name_n these_o man_n i_o say_v as_o they_o will_v have_v pass_v this_o straight_a be_v meet_v by_o a_o party_n of_o welch_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o strain_n and_o bury_v in_o that_o ditch_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o grave_n there_o to_o be_v see_v and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o straight_o import_v as_o much_o be_v call_v in_o welsh_a adwy'r_a bedhaw_n the_o english_a therefore_o bear_v in_o mind_n this_o slaughter_n when_o ever_o they_o get_v any_o of_o the_o welsh_a into_o their_o clutch_n upbraid_v they_o with_o the_o name_n of_o crogen_n intimate_v thereby_o that_o they_o shall_v expect_v no_o more_o favour_n or_o mercy_n at_o their_o hand_n than_o they_o show_v they_o in_o the_o skirmish_n but_o this_o word_n which_o at_o first_o be_v rather_o a_o badge_n of_o reputation_n than_o disgrace_n to_o the_o welsh_a come_v afterward_o to_o be_v use_v in_o a_o bad_a sense_n and_o only_o then_o apply_v when_o they_o design_v to_o reproach_n and_o abuse_v they_o but_o to_o return_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o we_o find_v return_v home_o after_o he_o have_v successful_o assert_v his_o sovereignty_n over_o all_o wales_n and_o set_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n and_o by_o the_o way_n he_o fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o bala_n in_o penlhyn_n about_o this_o time_n rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n the_o right_a prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfry_n upon_o michaelmas-day_n this_o year_n lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n take_v to_o wife_n joan_n the_o daughter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o agatha_n daughter_n of_o robert_n ferrer_n earl_n of_o derby_n bear_v he_o with_o who_o he_o give_v the_o prince_n for_o a_o dowry_n the_o lordship_n of_o elsmere_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n a.d._n 1203_o prince_n rhys_n who_o we_o mention_v the_o year_n before_o to_o have_v take_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n win_v likewise_o the_o castle_n of_o llangadoc_n and_o put_v a_o garrison_n therein_o but_o he_o enjoy_v neither_o of_o they_o long_o for_o short_o after_o his_o uncle_n maelgon_n with_o his_o friend_n gwenwynwyn_n levy_v a_o powerful_a army_n and_o with_o it_o besiege_a and_o take_v the_o castle_n
warden_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n who_o think_v to_o get_v to_o himself_o a_o eternal_a name_n in_o conquer_a the_o welsh_a raise_v all_o the_o power_n he_o can_v and_o imagine_v that_o the_o welsh_a can_v not_o be_v privy_a to_o his_o purpose_n he_o apprehend_v he_o can_v fall_v upon_o the_o earl-marshal_n unexpected_a but_o in_o this_o he_o be_v to_o his_o sorrow_n most_o wide_o mistake_v for_o the_o earl_n have_v receive_v private_a intimation_n of_o his_o design_n hide_v himself_o â—n_o a_o certain_a wood_n by_o which_o the_o english_a be_v to_o march_v and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v so_o far_o the_o welsh_a of_o a_o sudden_a give_v a_o great_a shout_n and_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v abscond_v themselves_o in_o they_o fall_v â—pon_o the_o english_a be_v unprovided_a and_o put_v their_o whole_a army_n to_o flight_n they_o slay_v a_o infinite_a number_n both_o of_o the_o english_a and_o their_o auxiliary_n john_n of_o monmouth_n himself_o make_v his_o 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regulate_v his_o troop_n and_o put_v all_o matter_n in_o convenient_a order_n he_o march_v to_o shrewsbury_n where_o he_o remain_v fifteen_o day_n to_o refresh_v his_o army_n during_o his_o stay_n there_o several_a of_o the_o nobility_n become_v suitor_n unto_o he_o on_o behalf_n of_o gruffydh_n who_o condition_n they_o desire_v he_o will_v commiserate_v among_o who_o be_v ralph_n lord_n mortimer_n of_o wigmore_n walter_n clifford_n roger_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi steward_n of_o chester_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maelgon_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n of_o bromfield_n howel_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n these_o nobleman_n prevail_v so_o far_o with_o king_n henry_n that_o a_o league_n be_v conclude_v between_o he_o and_o senena_n the_o wife_n of_o gruffydh_n appendix_n see_v appendix_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o aforesaid_a
sir_n david_n secure_v he_o have_v like_v to_o undergo_v present_a execution_n have_v not_o glyndyfwr_n best_o friend_n and_o the_o great_a upholder_n of_o his_o cause_n plead_v in_o his_o behalf_n by_o who_o intercession_n he_o be_v prevail_v with_o to_o grant_v sir_n david_n both_o his_o life_n and_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v ever_o after_o continue_v true_a and_o loyal_a to_o he_o sir_n david_n promise_v very_o loud_o but_o with_o the_o reservation_n never_o to_o perform_v for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o his_o own_o country_n where_o he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o very_a considerable_a sway_n and_o interest_n he_o do_v exceed_o annoy_v and_o molest_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v or_o adhere_v to_o glyndyfwr_n while_o sir_n david_n lay_v in_o prison_n at_o machynlleth_n for_o his_o attempt_n against_o owen_n life_n this_o englyn_n be_v make_v upon_o he_o dafydd_n gam_n dryglam_n dreigl_o iti_fw-la yn_fw-mi wan_a frwydr_n fradwr_n rissiart_n bhrenin_n llwyr_n y_fw-fr rhoes_fw-fr diawl_n haw_v hwyl_n flîn_fw-fr y_fw-fr faith_n ystâd_v ei_fw-la fys_fw-fr in_o the_o dîn._n but_o glyndyfwr_n receive_v information_n how_o that_o sir_n david_n gam_n contrary_a to_o the_o promise_v he_o have_v make_v at_o his_o releasement_n endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o destroy_v his_o interest_n among_o the_o welsh_a enter_v the_o march_n and_o among_o other_o token_n of_o his_o indignation_n burn_v the_o house_n of_o sir_n david_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v call_v to_o he_o one_o of_o sir_n david_n tenant_n speak_v to_o he_o thus_o merry_o in_o verse_n o_o gweli_fw-it di_fw-it wr_fw-mi côch_fw-mi cam_n yn_n ymofyn_n y_fw-fr girnigwen_n dyw_v ei_fw-la bôd_a hi_o tan_o y_fw-mi lan_n a_o nôd_n y_fw-fr glow_n be_v ei_fw-la phenn_n but_o sir_n david_n have_v the_o luck_n to_o escape_v his_o reach_n and_o be_v constrain_v to_o retire_v to_o england_n where_o he_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o court_n till_o the_o death_n of_o glyndyfwr_n when_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o go_v with_o a_o army_n to_o france_n against_o the_o french_a king_n sir_n david_n gam_n bring_v into_o his_o service_n a_o numerous_a party_n of_o stout_a and_o valorous_a welshman_n who_o upon_o all_o occasion_n express_v their_o courage_n and_o resolution_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n news_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o french_a army_n be_v advance_v towards_o he_o and_o that_o they_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a he_o detach_v captain_n gam_n to_o observe_v their_o motion_n and_o review_v their_o number_n the_o captain_n have_v narrow_o eye_v the_o french_a find_v they_o twice_o to_o exceed_v the_o english_a but_o not_o be_v in_o the_o least_o daunt_v at_o such_o a_o multitude_n he_o return_v to_o the_o king_n who_o inquire_v of_o he_o what_o the_o number_n of_o the_o french_a may_v be_v he_o make_v answer_v an_o it_o please_v you_o my_o liege_n they_o be_v enough_o to_o be_v kill_v enough_o to_o run_v away_o and_o enough_o to_o be_v take_v prisoner_n king_n henry_n be_v well_o please_v and_o much_o encourage_v with_o this_o resolute_a and_o undaunted_a answer_n of_o sir_n david_n who_o tongue_n do_v not_o express_v more_o valour_n than_o his_o hind_n perform_v for_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o battle_n the_o king_n person_n be_v in_o danger_n sir_n david_n charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o that_o eagerness_n and_o masculine_a bravery_n that_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o give_v ground_n and_o so_o secure_v the_o king_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o much_o blood_n and_o also_o his_o life_n himself_o and_o his_o son-in-law_n roger_n vaughan_n and_o his_o kinsman_n waâ—ter_n llwyd_n of_o brecknock_n have_v receive_v their_o mortal_a wound_n in_o that_o encounter_n when_o the_o king_n hear_v of_o their_o condition_n how_o that_o they_o be_v past_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n he_o come_v to_o they_o and_o in_o recompense_n of_o their_o good_a service_n knight_v they_o all_o three_o in_o the_o field_n where_o they_o soon_o after_o die_v and_o so_o end_v the_o life_n but_o not_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o signal_o valiant_a sir_n david_n gam_n edward_n of_o westminster_n the_o sole_a issue_n of_o that_o unfortunate_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o six_o by_z margaret_z the_o daughter_n of_o rayner_n duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o titular_a king_n of_o jerusalem_n sicily_n and_o arragon_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n on_o the_o 15_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o thirty_o second_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n when_o the_o day_n be_v lose_v at_o tewksbury_n this_o young_a prince_n think_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o be_v unfortunate_o take_v and_o bring_v to_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o who_o then_o sit_v upon_o the_o helm_n make_v such_o resolute_a and_o unexpected_a reply_v that_o he_o put_v the_o king_n to_o such_o a_o passion_n that_o he_o smite_v he_o on_o the_o mouth_n with_o his_o gauntlet_n and_o then_o his_o brother_n richard_n the_o crouchback_a run_v he_o into_o the_o heart_n with_o his_o dagget_n edward_n bear_v in_o the_o sanctuary_n at_o westminster_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o be_v after_o his_o father_n expulsion_n out_o of_o england_n in_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o this_o young_a prince_n be_v then_o at_o ludlow_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n be_v present_o send_v for_o to_o london_n and_o proclaim_v king_n of_o england_n but_o never_o live_v to_o be_v crown_v for_o his_o uncle_n richard_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v appoint_v his_o protector_n most_o vilainous_o make_v he_o away_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o afterward_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v and_o crown_v king_n edward_n the_o four_o in_o his_o war_n against_o henry_n the_o six_o be_v very_o much_o assist_v by_o the_o welsh_a in_o recompense_n of_o which_o service_n he_o design_v to_o reform_v matter_n so_o in_o wales_n as_o that_o intolerable_a oppression_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o endure_v shall_v be_v regulate_v and_o take_v off_o and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o mean_v to_o establish_v a_o court_n within_o the_o say_a principality_n and_o constitute_v john_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n precedent_n of_o the_o prince_n council_n in_o the_o march_n who_o together_o with_o anthony_n earl_n of_o rivers_n sit_v in_o the_o town-hall_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o constitute_v certain_a ordinance_n for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o that_o place_n but_o the_o matter_n proceed_v no_o far_o for_o the_o trouble_n and_o disquietness_n of_o his_o kingdom_n come_v heavy_a upon_o he_o and_o the_o shortness_n of_o his_o reign_n after_o his_o establishment_n not_o permit_v he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v that_o to_o other_o which_o himself_o think_v once_o to_o bring_v about_o edward_n bear_v at_o middleham_n near_o richmond_n in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n the_o only_a son_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o be_v at_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n create_v by_o his_o father_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o die_v soon_o after_o arthur_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o bear_v at_o winchester_n be_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n about_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o his_o age_n be_v then_o new_o marry_v to_o katherine_n the_o infanta_n of_o spain_n he_o be_v send_v by_o his_o father_n into_o wales_n that_o by_o his_o presence_n he_o may_v keep_v that_o country_n in_o better_a awe_n with_o he_o king_n henry_n send_v dr._n william_n smith_n afterward_o make_v bishop_n of_o lincoln_n 789._o wokins_n p._n 789._o as_o precedent_n of_o his_o council_n together_o with_o sir_n richard_n pool_n his_o chamberlain_n sir_n henry_n vernon_z sir_n richard_z crofts_n sir_n david_n philip_n sir_n william_n vdal_n sir_n thomas_n englefield_n sir_n peter_n newton_n and_o other_o to_o be_v his_o counsellor_n and_o director_n in_o his_o management_n of_o affair_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v not_o continue_v long_o there_o but_o he_o fall_v sick_a at_o his_o castle_n at_o ludlow_n of_o which_o indisposition_n he_o short_o after_o dye_v and_o be_v bury_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n but_o the_o create_v of_o his_o brother_n henry_n duke_n of_o york_n prince_n of_o wales_n in_o his_o stead_n be_v defer_v for_o about_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n to_o discover_v whether_o the_o lady_n katherine_n be_v get_v with_o child_n by_o prince_n arthur_n but_o when_o it_o appear_v for_o certain_a she_o have_v not_o conceive_v on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o february_n in_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o his_o father_n king_n
deheufraint_n ap_fw-mi eidigant_n ap_fw-mi endeirn_n ap_fw-mi enid_n ap_fw-mi endos_fw-mi ap_fw-mi enddolau_n ap_fw-mi afallach_n ap_fw-mi afflech_n ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_fw-mi to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n by_o angharad_n mother_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n in_o forty_o degree_n how_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o come_v of_o beli_n mawr_n by_o gwenllian_a wife_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n and_o daughter_n to_o the_o lord_n rhys_n call_v arglwydd_n rhys_n by_o issue-female_a owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n daughter_n to_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n 〈◊〉_d rhys_n prince_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n mawr_fw-mi prince_n ap_fw-mi â—adell_n prince_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_fw-mi prince_n of_o all_o wales_n this_o rodri_n have_v three_o son_n and_o divide_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n between_o they_o 〈◊〉_d three_o part_n to_o merfyn_n his_o first_o son_n prince_z â—f_n north-wales_n all_o north-wales_n which_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o anarawd_n prince_n of_o powy_n â—nd_n cadell_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n of_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o descend_v by_o â—wenllian_a daughter_n to_o prince_n rhys_n call_v arglwydd_n rhys_n wife_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n and_o â—he_v say_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n to_o rodri_n mawr_n in_o the_o seventeen_o degree_n which_o rodri_n mawr_n be_v son_n to_o merfyn_n first_o king_n of_o man_n which_o wed_v essillt_n daughter_n and_o heir_n â—o_o cynan_n dyndaethwy_n this_o merfyn_n frych_a be_v son_n to_o gwriad_n ap_fw-mi elidur_n ap_fw-mi handdear_v alcwn_n ap_fw-mi tegid_a ap_fw-mi gwiar_fw-mi â—p_fw-mi dwywc_n ap_fw-mi llywarch_n hên_n ap_fw-mi elidur_n lydanwin_n â—p_v meirchion_n ap_fw-mi grwst_n ap_fw-mi cenaw_n ap_fw-mi coel_n â—odeboc_fw-fr king_n of_o britain_n as_o before_o this_o coel_n be_v king_n of_o britain_n and_o earl_n of_o colchester_n a_o â—ight_a worthy_a king_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o â—eventh_o be_v son_n by_o the_o say_v gwenllian_n wife_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n in_o the_o thirty_o first_o degree_n by_o â—he_n say_v gittin_n owen_n and_o sir_n john_n leia_n book_n how_o owen_n grandsire_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o come_v of_o beli_n mawr_n by_o essillt_n daughter_n to_o cynan_n dyndaethwy_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n daughter_n of_o prince_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n mawr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi engion_n ab_fw-la owen_n ap_fw-mi howell_n dda_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadell_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi essillt_n daughter_n of_o cynan_n dyndaethwy_n and_o heir_n prince_n of_o wales_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n moelwynoc_n ap_fw-mi idwal_n jwrch_n ap_fw-mi cadwallader_n fendigaid_n king_n of_o all_o britain_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n in_o the_o twenty_o second_o degree_n cadwallader_n be_v son_n to_o cadwallan_n king_n ap_fw-mi cadfan_n king_n ap_fw-mi jago_n ap_fw-mi beli_n ap_fw-mi rhun_n ap_fw-mi maelgwn_n gwynedd_n king_n ap_fw-mi casswallan_n lawhîr_n ap_fw-mi eineoâ—irth_n ap_fw-mi cynedda_fw-mi weledig_v ap_fw-mi edeirn_n which_o wed_v gwawl_v ferch_n coel_n godeboc_n king_n which_o edeirn_n be_v son_n to_o padarn_n peisrydd_n ap_fw-mi tegid_a ap_fw-mi jago_n ap_fw-mi genedawc_n ap_fw-mi cain_n ap_fw-mi gwrgain_n ap_fw-mi doli_fw-la ap_fw-mi gwrtholi_fw-la ap_fw-mi dufu_n ap_fw-mi gorddufu_n ap_fw-mi amwerid_n ap_fw-mi omwedd_n ap_fw-mi diwe_v brichwain_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi affallach_n ap_fw-mi afflech_n ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_fw-mi to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n by_o the_o say_v gwenllian_n in_o the_o fifty_o degree_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n daughter_n to_o arglwydd_n rhys_n son_n to_o gwenllian_a daughter_n of_o gruffydh_n prince_n ap_fw-mi cynan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n son_n of_o jago_n prince_n ap_fw-mi idwall_n prince_n ap_fw-mi meuric_n prince_n ap_fw-mi idwall_n foel_n prince_n ap_fw-mi anarawd_n prince_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_fw-mi prince_n of_o all_o wales_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n by_o gwenllian_a mother_n to_o the_o arglwydd_n rhys_n in_o the_o seventeen_o degree_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n ferch_n arglwydd_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gwladis_n ferch_n rhywallâ—n_v ap_fw-mi cynfyn_n prince_n of_o powy_n and_o angharad_n wife_n to_o cynfyn_n daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o powy_n and_o south-wales_n son_n to_o cadell_n prince_n there_o which_o owen_n ap_fw-mi howell_n dda_fw-mi have_v two_o son_n meredith_n and_o eineon_n and_o owen_n their_o father_n give_v the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n to_o eineon_n his_o son_n and_o the_o principality_n of_o powy_n to_o meredith_n his_o other_o son_n which_o meredith_n have_v issue_n angharad_n that_o wed_a cynfyn_n by_o who_o he_o be_v prince_n of_o powy_n which_o cadell_n be_v son_n to_o rodri_n mawr_fw-mi prince_n of_o all_o wales_n son_n to_o merfyn_n frych_a etc._n etc._n to_o beli_n mawr_n as_o above_o write_v by_o guttin_n owen_n be_v book_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n ferch_n arglwydd_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n ap_fw-mi howell_n dda_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadell_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n wife_n to_o rodri_n mawr_n daughter_n to_o meyric_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n ap_fw-mi seissillt_n ap_fw-mi clydawc_n ap_fw-mi arthole_n ap_fw-mi arnothen_fw-ge ap_fw-mi brothan_n ap_fw-mi seirwell_n ap_fw-mi ussa_n ap_fw-mi caredic_n ap_fw-mi cwnedda_fw-mi weledic_n ap_fw-mi edeirn_n ap_fw-mi padarn_n peisrydd_n which_o edeirn_n wed_v gwawl_v ferch_n coel_n godeboc_n mother_n to_o cwnedda_n weledyc_n etc._n etc._n how_o owen_n come_v of_o meuryc_a lord_n of_o gwent_n by_o morfydd_n daughter_n wife_n to_o gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi morfydd_n ferch_n meuryc_a l._n of_o gwent_n how_o owen_n come_v of_o rodri_n mawr_n by_o angharad_n daughter_n to_o ithel_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n llwyd_n and_o wife_n of_o tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n ithel_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n llwyd_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n gam_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi vchdrud_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n king_n of_o tegengle_n in_o flintshire_n how_o owen_n come_v of_o rodri_n mawr_n by_o adleis_n wife_n to_o ithel_n fychan_n daughter_n to_o ricart_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n adleis_n wife_n to_o ithel_n fychan_n daughter_n to_o ricart_n ap_fw-mi cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi kynan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n ap_fw-mi jago_n ap_fw-mi idwal_n foel_n ap_fw-mi anarawd_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_z etc._n etc._n all_o this_o by_o gyttin_n owen_n be_v book_n how_o owen_n come_v of_o beli_n mawr_z by_o gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n over_o hên_n dwr_fw-mi wife_n to_o gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyse_v fychan_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n over_o hên_n dwr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi bleddyn_n ap_fw-mi kynfin_fw-fr prince_n of_o powis_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o to_o beli_n mawr_z how_o owen_n come_v to_o beli_n mawr_z by_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o say_v gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n over_o hên_n dwr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lleucu_fw-mi ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi gruffudh_fw-mi maelor_n prince_n of_o powis_n this_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi gruffudh_fw-mi maelor_n build_v the_o abbey_n of_o valacrucis_fw-la in_o welsh_a manachlog_n llan_n egwestl_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 12â—â—_n and_o lie_v there_o bury_v and_o this_o gruffudh_n maelor_n be_v son_n to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi bleddin_n ap_fw-mi cynfin_fw-fr ap_fw-mi gweristan_n ap_fw-mi gwalthfoed_n ap_fw-mi gwrydor_n ap_fw-mi cariadawc_n ap_fw-mi lles_fw-mi llaw_n ddeawc_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n ap_fw-mi gwnnan_n ap_fw-mi gwnnawc_n farf_n sych_n ap_fw-mi keidic_n ap_fw-mi corf_n ap_fw-mi cadnawc_n ap_fw-mi tegonwy_n ap_fw-mi teon_n ap_fw-mi gwinaf_fw-mi daufreuddwyd_n ap_fw-mi powyr_n lêw_o ap_fw-mi bywdec_n ap_fw-mi rhun_n rhudd_v baladr_v ap_fw-mi llary_n ap_fw-mi casfar_n wledic_n ap_fw-mi lludd_n ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_z king_n of_o all_o england_n and_o wales_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n this_o way_n by_o blood_fw-mi in_o 36_o degree_n how_o owen_n come_v to_o beli_n mawr_z by_o the_o mother_n side_n of_o gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n eva_n ferch_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwin_n ap_fw-mi owen_n cyfeilioc_fw-la ap_fw-mi gruff_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n of_o powis_n ap_fw-mi bleddyn_n ap_fw-mi cynfin_fw-fr etc._n etc._n to_o beli_n
mawr_z owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n eva_n ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n meredith_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi fychan_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi gôch_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi bleddyn_n ap_fw-mi cynfin_fw-fr etc._n etc._n to_o beli._n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfyll_v ferch_n eva_n ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n meredith_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi christin_n ap_fw-mi bledrws_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n owen_n bendew_v one_o of_o the_o fifteen_o tribe_n of_o north-wales_n son_n to_o cynan_n feiniard_n ap_fw-mi gwalthfoed_n ap_fw-mi gwlyddien_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwridor_n ap_fw-mi caradawc_n ap_fw-mi lles_fw-mi llaw_n ddeawc_fw-la ap_fw-mi edwal_n ap_fw-mi gwnnan_n ap_fw-mi gwnnawc_n farf_n sych_a ap_fw-mi ceidio_n ap_fw-mi corf_n ap_fw-mi cadnawc_n ap_fw-mi tegonwy_n ap_fw-mi teon_n ap_fw-mi gwinau_n dau_fw-fr freuddwyd_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o to_o beli._n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi lhewelin_fw-mi ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n lord_n iscoed_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n so_o to_o rodri_n mawr_z owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi llywelin_fw-mi ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n arglwydd_n zion_n john_n of_o hasson_n by_o william_n ap_fw-mi david_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi dubium_fw-la owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n philip_n ap_fw-mi ifor_n lord_n iscoed_n by_o william_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi dubium_fw-la owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi drwyndw_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n this_o llewelyn_n wed_v inet_n daughter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o be_v son_n to_o henry_n the_o second_o son_n to_o maud_n the_o empress_n daughter_z to_z henry_n the_o first_o son_n to_z william_n the_o conqueror_n son_n to_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi elinor_n ferch_n ....._o lord_n bar_n by_o gyttin_n owen_n by_o information_n of_o dr._n owen_n pool_n and_o mr._n lingam_n be_v wife_n by_o a_o old_a pedigree_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi elinor_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n edward_n longshanks_n king_n of_o england_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi elinor_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n elinor_n second_o to_o king_n edward_n abovesaid_a dubium_fw-la owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi howel_n his_o book_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n catrin_n ferch_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi last_v prnce_n of_o wales_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tangwistl_n ferch_n llywarch_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi lhowarch_n ap_fw-mi pyll_n ap_fw-mi cynan_n ap_fw-mi einion_n ap_fw-mi gwridor_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi helic_n ap_fw-mi glannawc_n ap_fw-mi gwgon_fw-mi gleddyfrudd_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cariadawc_n freichfras_n ap_fw-mi llir_n merini_fw-la ap_fw-mi einion_n irth_n ap_fw-mi cunedda_fw-mi wledic_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n caterin_n ferch_n elinor_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tangwistl_n ferch_n tangwistl_n ferch_n llowarch_n ap_fw-mi bran_n ap_fw-mi dinawal_n ap_fw-mi efnydd_n ap_fw-mi alawe_n alser_n ap_fw-mi tudwal_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_n by_o gyttin_n owen_n gwen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n fychan_n ferch_n simon_n montford_n earl_n of_o leicester_n by_o gyttin_n owen_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n caterin_n ferch_n elinor_n fychan_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n john_n king_n of_o england_n hereafter_o follow_v the_o ancient_a lineage_n of_o the_o say_v owen_n mother_n margaret_n wife_n to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n llwyd_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi hwfa_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cwmus_n ap_fw-mi cillin_n ap_fw-mi maeloc_n dda_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gredef_n ap_fw-mi kwmus_fw-la du_fw-fr ap_fw-mi cillin_n ynad_n ap_fw-mi predur_n teirnoe_n ap_fw-mi meilir_n eryr_n gwyr_n gorsedd_n ap_fw-mi tiday_n ap_fw-mi tyfodde_n ap_fw-mi gwybfyw_n ap_fw-mi marchwin_n ap_fw-mi branap_n pill_n ap_fw-mi cerfyr_n ap_fw-mi meilir_n meilirion_n ap_fw-mi goron_n ap_fw-mi cunedda_fw-mi wledic_n ap_fw-mi gwawl_fw-mi ferch_n coel_n godeboc_n as_o before_o owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n llwyd_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi hwfa_fw-mi ap_fw-mi generis_fw-la ferch_n ednowain_n bendew_o ap_fw-mi cynon_n finiaid_n ap_fw-mi gwarthfoed_n ap_fw-mi gwridr_n ap_fw-mi cradoc_n ap_fw-mi lles_fw-fr llaw_n ddevawc_fw-la ap_fw-mi edwal_n ap_fw-mi gwynnan_n and_o so_o to_o blood_fw-mi ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_fw-mi as_o before_o by_o gyttin_n owen_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n lhwyd_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi llaysedd_n daughter_n to_o sir_n william_n twychet_n knight_n by_o william_n indub_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n lhwyd_n ap_fw-mi alis_fw-la ferch_n robert_n ap_fw-mi turstan_n holland_n captain_n of_o harlech_n by_o william_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n lhwyd_n ap_fw-mi alis_fw-la ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n alan_n norris_n knight_n by_o william_n indub_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n howell_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi llywarch_n ap_fw-mi bran_n as_o before_o etc._n etc._n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n howell_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n ferch_n cynan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cynan_n etc._n etc._n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n owen_n ap_fw-mi bleddin_n ap_fw-mi owen_n bregennwn_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi bleddin_n ap_fw-mi cynfin_fw-fr prince_n of_o powis_n these_o 3_o by_o gyttin_n owen_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n gwladis_n ferch_n llewelin_n gethni_fw-la ap_fw-mi edwal_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meuric_n ap_fw-mi cadhayarn_n ap_fw-mi gwrydd_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n gôch_v one_o of_o the_o 15_o tribe_n of_o north_n wales_n which_o be_v son_n to_o sandwr_n ap_fw-mi jarddwr_n ap_fw-mi mor_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tegerin_fw-mi ap_fw-mi aelaw_n ap_fw-mi gredres_n ap_fw-mi cwmus_fw-la du_fw-fr ap_fw-mi cillin_n ynad_n etc._n etc._n to_o coel_n godeboc_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n gwladus_n ferch_n mali_n llwyd_n ferch_n jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi engion_n ap_fw-mi geraint_n ap_fw-mi tegware_v ap_fw-mi cynfawr_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n diffa_v which_o be_v ruler_n and_o great_a man_n in_o pentraeth_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n jermy_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi howell_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi engion_n ap_fw-mi gwgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi merwydd_n ap_fw-mi golwyn_n one_o of_o the_o 15_o tribe_n of_o north-wales_n son_n to_o tangno_n ap_fw-mi cadfael_n ap_fw-mi lludd_n ap_fw-mi llen_fw-mi ap_fw-mi llaminod_n angel_n ap_fw-mi pasgen_fw-mi ap_fw-mi urien_n rhege_v ap_fw-mi meirchion_n ap_fw-mi grwst_n ap_fw-mi cennaf_fw-mi ap_fw-mi coel_n godeboc_fw-fr king_n as_o before_o owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n jermy_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n gwladus_n ferch_n edwal_n fychan_n as_o before_o owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi llewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dafydd_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tangwistl_n ferch_n llowarch_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi llowarch_n holbwrch_n ap_fw-mi pill_n ap_fw-mi cynan_n ap_fw-mi gwridor_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi helic_n ap_fw-mi glannoc_n as_o before_o owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi rhanullt_n ferch_n rheinallt_n king_n of_o man._n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n heylyn_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n anghahad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n heylyn_n ap_fw-mi adleir_n ferch_n ricart_n ap_fw-mi cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cynan_n prince_n these_o 4_o by_o gyttin_n owen_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n heylyn_n ap_fw-mi adleis_n ferch_n ricart_n ap_fw-mi cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cynan_n ap_fw-mi afandrec_n wife_n to_o jago_n daughter_n to_o gwayr_a ap_fw-mi pill_n ap_fw-mi cynan_n ap_fw-mi cynddelw_n gam_fw-la ap_fw-mi elgudi_fw-la ap_fw-mi grwyfnad_n ap_fw-mi diwgludd_n ap_fw-mi tegawc_n ap_fw-mi cyfnerth_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n madogion_n ap_fw-mi sauddl_n bride_n angel_n ap_fw-mi llylwarch_n
any_o ambushment_n lurk_v therein_o and_o for_o a_o more_o clear_a prospect_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o some_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n who_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o passage_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o officer_n fall_v upon_o the_o king_n guard_n where_o all_o the_o pike-man_n be_v post_v and_o after_o a_o hot_a skirmish_n several_z be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o king_n win_v the_o passage_n and_o so_o march_v on_o to_o the_o mountain_n of_o berwyn_n where_o he_o lie_v sometime_o without_o any_o hostility_n on_o either_o side_n both_o army_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o each_o other_o the_o english_a keep_v the_o open_a plain_n and_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v entrap_v in_o the_o strait_n and_o narrow_a passage_n and_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n watch_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o observe_v the_o english_a so_o narrow_o that_o neither_o forage_v or_o victual_n can_v pass_v to_o the_o king_n camp_n and_o what_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o english_a army_n there_o happen_v to_o fall_v such_o a_o rain_n that_o mighty_o disturb_v their_o encampment_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o soldier_n can_v scarce_o stand_v for_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o those_o slippery_a hill_n but_o in_o the_o end_n king_n henry_n be_v force_v to_o decamp_v and_o after_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o ammunition_n beside_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o this_o expedition_n be_v compel_v to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n but_o to_o express_v the_o great_a dissatisfaction_n he_o entertain_v of_o this_o enterprise_n in_o a_o great_a fury_n he_o pluck_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o hostage_n which_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o receive_v from_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v rhys_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cynric_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o rhys_n of_o south-wales_n some_o write_v that_o in_o assail_a of_o a_o bridge_n the_o king_n be_v in_o no_o small_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n one_o of_o the_o welsh_a have_v aim_v direct_o at_o he_o be_v like_a to_o pierce_v he_o through_o the_o body_n have_v not_o hubert_n de_fw-fr clare_n constable_n of_o colchester_n who_o perceive_v the_o arrow_n a_o come_n thrust_v himself_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o it_o though_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n but_o though_o king_n henry_n be_v shameful_o force_v to_o return_v to_o england_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o give_v over_o the_o thought_n of_o subdue_a the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o after_o a_o long_a consultation_n he_o make_v a_o three_o expedition_n into_o wales_n convey_v his_o army_n by_o sea_n as_o far_o as_o chester_n there_o he_o stay_v for_o some_o time_n till_o all_o his_o fleet_n as_o well_o those_o ship_n that_o he_o have_v hire_v out_o of_o ireland_n as_o his_o own_o be_v all_o arrive_v but_o when_o they_o be_v all_o come_v together_o and_o get_v safe_o to_o chester_n his_o mind_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o a_o design_n against_o wales_n he_o unexpected_o dismiss_v his_o whole_a army_n prince_n rhys_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o opportunity_n and_o therefore_o withdraw_a his_o force_n from_o the_o confederate_a army_n he_o march_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o aberteifi_n castle_n which_o be_v surrender_v to_o he_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n from_o thence_o he_o get_v before_o cilgerran_n which_o he_o use_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o therein_o take_v prisoner_n robert_n the_o son_n of_o stephen_n his_o cousin-german_a who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o nest_n his_o aunt_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o gerald_n have_v marry_v stephen_n constable_n the_o joy_n of_o these_o happy_a success_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v somewhat_o cloud_v by_o the_o death_n of_o lhewelyn_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o well_o belove_v of_o all_o his_o country_n a.d._n 1165_o and_o now_o the_o welsh_a be_v something_o secure_a from_o any_o invasion_n from_o the_o english_a there_o rise_v up_o another_o enemy_n to_o create_v they_o disturbance_n the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n find_v the_o english_a to_o fail_v in_o their_o attempt_n against_o the_o welsh_a think_v they_o may_v with_o better_a success_n quell_v and_o subdue_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o come_v to_o west-wales_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n which_o rhys_n have_v late_o fortify_v but_o after_o two_o different_a assault_n they_o be_v manful_o beat_v back_o and_o force_v to_o depart_v home_o again_o but_o what_o the_o fleming_n can_v not_o effect_v against_o the_o welsh_a in_o south-wales_n the_o welsh_a easy_o bring_v about_o against_o the_o english_a in_o north-wales_n for_o prince_n owen_n have_v besiege_v basingwerk_n castle_n then_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n without_o much_o time_n spend_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v always_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n abroad_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o quarrel_v and_o fall_v out_o at_o home_n though_o indeed_o it_o can_v not_o be_v well_o otherwise_o expect_v where_o so_o many_o petty_a state_n endeavour_v still_o to_o surmount_v and_o outvie_v one_o another_o and_o now_o when_o all_o thing_n go_v very_o successful_o of_o their_o side_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o english_a two_o ambitious_a person_n begin_v to_o kindle_v a_o flame_n in_o their_o own_o bosom_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maredith_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o owen_n fychan_n second_o son_n to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n forcible_o dispossess_v jorwerth_n goch_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o powy_n which_o they_o divide_v betwixt_o themselves_o mochnant_n vwch_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o mochnant_n be_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n fychan_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n can_v not_o brook_v this_o injury_n do_v to_o jorwerth_n goch_n and_o therefore_o a.d._n 1166_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n with_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n and_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n go_v with_o a_o army_n into_o powy_n against_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o have_v chase_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n they_o bestow_v caereneon_n upon_o owen_n fychan_n to_o hold_v it_o of_o prince_n owen_n and_o rhys_n have_v walwern_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o lay_v near_o his_o own_o territory_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n return_v with_o a_o numerous_a band_n of_o norman_n and_o english_a along_o with_o he_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o caereneon_n which_o he_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o place_n be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o take_n of_o ruthlan_n castle_n which_o owen_n rhys_n and_o cadwallader_n joint_o besiege_v and_o which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v and_o so_o manful_o defend_v that_o it_o cost_v they_o three_o month_n before_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o place_n afterward_o they_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o prestatyn_n and_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o tegengl_n subject_n to_o prince_n owen_n and_o then_o return_v home_o to_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o from_o henceforward_o nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v during_o the_o remainder_n of_o prince_n owen_n reign_n a.d._n 1167_o only_a his_o son_n conan_n most_o unmerciful_o slay_v vrgeney_n abbot_n of_o lhwythlawr_n together_o with_o his_o nephew_n lhawthen_n but_o a_o little_a after_o prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n a.d._n 1168_o release_v out_o of_o prison_n his_o nephew_n robert_n son_n to_o stephen_n constable_n who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o he_o have_v take_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o calgarran_n castle_n and_o send_v he_o to_o ireland_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o dermot_n the_o son_n of_o murchart_n king_n of_o linster_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o leimster_n with_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n morris_n fitz-gerald_n and_o their_o nephew_n robert_n meyler_n and_o raymond_n go_v over_o a_o strong_a detachment_n of_o welshman_n under_o the_o command_n of_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigule_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a motive_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n when_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n a.d._n 1169_o but_o the_o next_o year_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n in_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o a_o valorous_a prince_n ever_o fortunate_a and_o victorious_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n insomuch_o as_o he_o never_o undertake_v any_o design_n but_o what_o he_o accomplish_v he_o have_v by_o different_a woman_n several_a issue_n who_o get_v themselves_o great_a esteem_n
by_o their_o valour_n than_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o parentage_n he_o have_v by_o gwladus_n the_o daughter_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n or_o the_o break_a nose_n conan_n maelgon_n and_o gwenlhian_a by_o christian_a the_o daughter_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n he_o have_v david_n roderic_n cadwalhon_n abbot_n of_o bardsey_n and_o angharad_n afterward_o marry_v to_o gruffydh_n maylor_n he_o have_v by_o other_o woman_n several_a other_o child_n as_o conan_n lhewelyn_n meredith_n edwal_n rhun_n howel_n cadelh_n madawc_n eineon_n cynwric_n philip_n and_o ryrid_a lord_n of_o clochran_n in_o ireland_n of_o these_o run_z lhewelyn_n and_o cynwric_n die_v before_o their_o father_n and_o the_o rest_n will_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n be_v dead_a the_o succession_n be_v of_o right_a to_o descend_v to_o his_o elder_a legitimate_a son_n jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n otherwise_o call_v edward_n with_o the_o break_a nose_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o blemish_n upon_o his_o face_n he_o be_v lay_v aside_o as_o unfit_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n therefore_o his_o young_a brother_n begin_v every_o one_o to_o aspire_v in_o hope_n of_o succeed_a their_o father_n but_o a.d._n 1170_o howel_n who_o be_v of_o all_o the_o elder_a but_o base_a bear_v beget_v of_o a_o irish_a woman_n find_v they_o can_v not_o agree_v step_v in_o himself_o and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n but_o david_n who_o be_v legitimate_o bear_v can_v not_o brook_v that_o a_o bastard_n shall_v ascend_v his_o father_n throne_n and_o therefore_o he_o make_v all_o the_o preparation_n possible_a to_o pull_v he_o down_o howel_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v as_o resolute_a to_o maintain_v his_o ground_n and_o be_v not_o willing_a so_o quick_o to_o deliver_v up_o what_o he_o have_v not_o very_o long_o get_v possession_n of_o and_o so_o both_o brother_n meeting_n together_o in_o the_o field_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v their_o title_n by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sword_n the_o battle_n have_v not_o last_v long_o but_o howel_n be_v slay_v and_o than_o david_n be_v unanimous_o proclaim_v and_o salute_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n which_o principality_n he_o enjoy_v without_o any_o molestation_n till_o lhewelyn_n jorwerth_n druryndwn_n son_n come_v of_o age_n as_o will_v hereafter_o appear_v but_o madawc_n another_o of_o owen_n gwynedh_n son_n find_v how_o his_o brother_n contend_v for_o the_o principality_n and_o that_o his_o native_a country_n be_v like_a to_o be_v turmoil_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n do_v think_v it_o his_o better_a prudence_n to_o try_v his_o fortune_n abroad_o and_o therefore_o leave_v north-wales_n in_o a_o very_a unsettled_a condition_n sail_v with_o a_o small_a fleet_n of_o ship_n which_o he_o have_v rig_v and_o mane_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o the_o westward_n and_o leave_v ireland_n upon_o the_o north_n he_o come_v at_o length_n to_o a_o unknown_a country_n where_o most_o thing_n appear_v to_o he_o new_a and_o uncustomary_a and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o native_n far_o different_a from_o what_o he_o have_v see_v in_o europe_n this_o country_n say_v the_o learned_a h._n lhoyd_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v some_o part_n of_o that_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n of_o which_o the_o spaniard_n since_o hanno_fw-la time_n boast_v themselves_o to_o be_v the_o first_o discoverer_n and_o which_o by_o order_n of_o cosmography_n seem_v to_o be_v some_o part_n of_o nova_n hispania_n or_o florida_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o country_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o britain_n long_o before_o either_o columbus_n or_o americus_n vesputius_n sail_v thither_o but_o concern_v madawc_n voyage_n to_o this_o country_n and_o afterward_o his_o return_n from_o thence_o there_o be_v many_o fabulous_a story_n and_o idle_a tale_n invent_v by_o the_o vulgar_a who_o be_v sure_o never_o to_o diminish_v from_o what_o they_o hear_v but_o will_v add_v to_o and_o increase_v any_o fable_n as_o far_o as_o their_o invention_n will_v prompt_v they_o however_o say_v the_o same_o author_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o madawc_n arrive_v in_o this_o country_n and_o after_o he_o have_v view_v the_o fertility_n and_o pleasantness_n of_o it_o he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o invite_v more_o of_o his_o countryman_n out_o of_o britain_n and_o therefore_o leave_v most_o of_o those_o he_o have_v bring_v with_o he_o already_o behind_o he_o return_v for_o wales_n be_v arrive_v there_o he_o begin_v to_o acquaint_v his_o friend_n with_o what_o a_o fair_a and_o extensive_a land_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o void_a of_o any_o inhabitant_n whilst_o they_o employ_v all_o their_o skill_n to_o supplant_v one_o another_o only_o for_o a_o ragged_a portion_n of_o rock_n and_o mountain_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v persuade_v they_o to_o change_v their_o present_a state_n of_o danger_n and_o continual_a clashing_n for_o a_o more_o quiet_a be_v of_o ease_n and_o enjoyment_n and_o so_o have_v get_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o welch_n together_o he_o bid_v his_o final_a adieu_n to_o his_o native_a country_n and_o sail_v with_o ten_o ship_n back_o to_o they_o he_o have_v leave_v behind_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v suppose_v say_v our_o author_n that_o madawc_n and_o his_o people_n inhabit_v part_n of_o that_o country_n since_o call_v florida_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o appear_v from_o francis_n love_v a_o author_n of_o no_o small_a reputation_n that_o in_o acusanus_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o people_z honour_a and_o worship_v the_o cross_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v natural_o conclude_v that_o christian_n have_v be_v there_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o who_o these_o christian_n may_v be_v unless_o it_o be_v this_o colony_n of_o madawc_n can_v be_v easy_o imagine_v but_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v over_o be_v not_o many_o they_o intermix_v in_o a_o few_o year_n with_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o follow_v their_o manner_n and_o use_v their_o language_n they_o become_v at_o length_n undistinguishable_a from_o the_o barbarian_n but_o the_o country_n which_o madawc_n land_v in_o be_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n powel_n suppose_v to_o be_v part_n mexico_n for_o which_o conjecture_n he_o lay_v down_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o as_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o spanish_a chronicle_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o west-indies_n the_o inhabitant_n and_o native_n of_o that_o country_n affirm_v by_o tradition_n that_o their_o ruler_n descend_v from_o a_o strange_a nation_n which_o come_v thither_o from_o a_o strange_a country_n as_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o king_n montezeuma_n in_o a_o speech_n at_o his_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n before_o hernando_n cortes_n the_o spanish_a general_n and_o then_o the_o british_a word_n and_o name_n of_o place_n use_v in_o that_o country_n even_o at_o this_o day_n do_v undoubted_o argue_v the_o same_o as_o when_o they_o speak_v and_o confabulate_v together_o they_o use_v this_o british_a word_n gwrando_n which_o signify_v to_o hearken_v or_o listen_v and_o a_o certain_a bird_n with_o a_o white_a head_n they_o call_v fengwyn_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o in_o welch_n but_o for_o a_o more_o complete_a confirmation_n of_o this_o the_o island_n of_o corroeso_n the_o cape_n of_o bryton_n the_o river_n of_o gwyndor_n and_o the_o white_a rock_n of_o pengwyn_n which_o be_v all_o british_a word_n do_v manifest_o show_v that_o it_o be_v that_o country_n which_o madawe_n and_o his_o people_n inhabit_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o trouble_n of_o north-wales_n be_v over_o and_o prince_n david_n secure_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n a.d._n 1171_o the_o storm_n fall_v present_o upon_o powy_n for_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o lord_n of_o that_o country_n have_v always_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v the_o interest_n and_o 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