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daughter_n	issue_n	king_n	marry_v	16,692	5	9.1675	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40104	The history of the troubles of Suethland and Poland, which occasioned the expulsion of Sigismundus the Third, king of those kingdomes, with his heires for ever from the Suethish crown with a continuation of those troubles, untill the truce, an. 1629 : as also, a particular narration of the daily passages at the last and great treaty of pacification between those two kingdomes, concluded at Stumbsdorff in Prussia, anno 1635 : concluding with a breife commemoration of the life and death of Sr. George Duglas, Knight, Lord Ambassadour extraordinary from the late King of Great Brittaine, for the treaty above mentioned / faithfully couched by J. Fowler ...	Fowler, J. (John); Sweden. Treaties, etc. Poland, 1635 Sept. 12.; Poland. Treaties, etc. Sweden, 1635 Sept. 12.	1656 (1656)	Wing F1731; ESTC R42031	226,818	260

should be translated from this Vale of misery to the Mansions of Eternity his eldest Son should sway the Scepter and after him his first-born and so that whole Line successively And that if it should so happen that the eldest Son should depart this life without heirs Males then the second Son of this great and good Gustavus should ascend the Royall Chair wherin also his lawfull Male Issue was to succeed so long as any of them should survive but the Male Posterity of the second likewise failing the third and in the like case the fourth of the Gustavian Virill Race were in the same manner to inherit according to the Prescript tenour of that Act wherunto the curious are referred There have been the more particularities used in setting down the last Will and Testament of this deserving Prince because we are now entring as it were upon the Threshold of those differences that for so many years caused a vast expence of blood and Inundations of other Miseries between the two flourishing Kingdoms of Suethen and Poland and the rather because as the Suethes affirm the breach of most if not of all the heads of this Testament gave begining to those differences by causing the expulsion of his Grand child Sigismundus King of Poland with his whole Posterity for ever from the Crown of Suethland which also gave birth to the promised Treaty of Pacification This Royall Gustavus Erickson of whom it may be said that to his Subjects he was like a second Titus the delight of man-kind after thirty eight years of a most laudable Raign changed the same for one more glorious upon the third of the Calends of October 1560. By Catharine Daughter of Magnus Duke of Saxony he had Ericke who succeeded him in the Kingdom His next Consort was Margaret the Daughter of Ericke Abraham of Loholme Knight Governour of the Westro-gothes who brought unto him John Duke of Finland afterwards King of Suethland Katherine whom he married to Echardus Earl of Frizeland Cecilia who espoused Christopher Marquess of Baden Magnus Duke of the Ostro-gothes Steno who died a Child Anna wedded to George Joannes Count Palatine of Rhyne and Duke of Bavaria Charles who forthwith deceased Sophia married to Magnus Duke of Saxony Elizabeth Wife unto Christopher Duke of Meckleburg and Charles Duke of Sudermannia Nericia Wermelandia his last Wife was Catharina daughter to Gustavus Olaus of Torpa Gouernour of Westro-gothia by whom he had no Issue Ericke his eldest succeeded and was Crowned An. 1561. He for somtime waged strong War with the Danes and Lubeckers and not only incurred the hatred of his Neighbours but provoked also the dislike of his own Subjects He married so meanly say the Suethes as was not only to the dishonour of his Crown and Race but likewise to the contempt of his Nobility whose extirpation he endeavoured and the perpetration of that horrible Tyranny at Vbsall by the wicked counsell of others and his own naturally malicious disposition John Duke of Finland to whom the waies of Ericke were little pleasing having as hath been said married the Princess Catherina younger Sister to Sigismundus Augustus King of Poland and was therby allied unto the Jagellonian Family whose merits towards that Crown have been already mentioned had lent unto his Polonian Brother the sum of an hundred thousand Rix-dollars for which he received in pledge certain Forts and Governments in Leifland and so returned to Revalia in Finland where he was by his Brother King Ericke who out of a suspitious nature made a sinister construction of Duke Johns actions as intended for a Confederacy with the Polander and the Dane against him oppressed with cruell War and himself with his Wife and Family taken at Abo a Town in Finland and brought to Stocholme where he was publikely accused many of his Familiars executed four whole years he was under restraint but afterwards set at liberty and the year ensuing the chance of War being turned he seised upon his Brother Ericke whom he kept incarcerated untill his death This hapned in the year 1568. Duke John having thus disthroned his elder Brother was with great applause and the unanimous consent of the Peers and all the Orders of Suethland declared King and Crowned An. 1569. He likewise waged War with the Dane but with the Muscovite both cruell and long Toward the end of his Raign his Son Sigismundus descended by his Mother as hath been shewed from the Jagellonian Race was elected King of Poland and there Crowned An. 1588. Not long after viz. An. 1590. The former Orobrogian and Arosian constitutions for hereditary Union were renewed in favour of Sigismundus and his lawfull Heirs Males and they failing in the like to his Brother Prince John which also failing Charles Duke of Sudermannia Nenicia and Wermelandia was with his Male Posterity to succeed At this Convention there passed also an absolute exhereditation of the Children of the late King Ericke and all his Posterity for the reasons before expressed John followed the same Profession in point of Religion as did Gustavus his Father which was that of the Evangelicall or Augustane Confession And albeit his Son Sigismundus instructed by his Mother had secretly embraced that of Rome yet did not the Father decline from the Augustane but constituted his Brother Duke Charles who was strongly Lutheran as a pledge to the people that therin no innovation should be made having by Testament appointed him for Governour over them untill the return of Sigismundus from Poland King John as he observed his Fathers Testament in matter of Religion so he was no less sollicitous that the Sueth●sh Dominion should receive no diminution by his Sons accession to the Polish Crown and to that end he strickly enjoyned Earl Brake and Ericus Sparre whom at the instance of the Polanders he had sent as Ambassadours to treat and conclude about his Sons Inauguration to that Kingdom not to consent to ought that might tend to the prejudice or impairing of Suethland as by their instructions dated at Vastena the fourth of May 1587. may appear wherunto the Curious are referred This Prince having Raigned three and twenty years or therabouts changed his mortall life in November or December An. 1592. His memory is celebrated by the Suethes for many benefits conferred upon their Nobility and the people in generall and for freeing them from the rigid and cruell government of his Brother Ericke with the tyranny which other persons under him did exercise over them for which in the fore-cited convention at Stocholme 1590 they not only confirmed the former hereditary Unions in favour of his and the forementioned Princes Heirs Males as hath been shewed but further also enacted that if the Nobler Gender of the Royall and Ducall Line should totally fail the eldest of the unmarried Females of the same should succeed unto the Crown each in order according to their birth And that they would not

inforce or obtrude upon them any Husband against their own will and consent nor admit of their alliance with any People Kingdom or State that were at enmity with or sought the prejudice of the Suethish Nation but rather endeavour to match them with some One who should be acceptable of the Princely Families of Germany descended from the Illustrious Gustavian Race unlesse the same were prohibited by proximity of blood And that they would provide the other Regall and Ducall Daughters of Dowries corresponding to their Dignity Conditionally that they also should not contract Matrimony either with Forraigner or Native except by the approbation and consent of the States of Suethland His first Wife as already said was Katherine second Daughter to Sigismund the first and Sister to Sigismund the second Kings of Poland whom he married An. 1562. and had by her Sigismund the third of that name King of Poland and King of Suethen also one Daughter the Princess Anna. In second Bed he wedded Gunila the Daughter of John Axell Bielke of Heresetter Knight Governour of the Ostro-gothes in the year 1585. who brought unto him John hereditary Prince of the Kingdom and afterwards Duke of Ostrogothia who in the year 1612. took to Wife the Illustrious Mary daughter to the forenamed Duke of Sundermannia c. but then King of Sueth and by the name of Charles the ninth Thus far hath been for the deduction of the Polish Kings from Boleslaus Chrobrus the first but more particularly from Jagello or Vladislaus the fifth of that name King of Poland as also of the Suethish Princes from Magnus Smeeke but chiefly from Gustavus Erickson the Liberator of his Country from extraneous bondage and the Founder of his Family likewise of the alliance therof with Poland with the conjunction of both those Crowns in the person of the last named Sigismundus elected in Poland hereditary of Suethen Crowned in both which was promised at the beginning of this Narrative The disjunction and dessensions ensuing therupon between these two Crowns follow next in order to be handled It will not nevertheless be unnecessary for the better understanding of all the differences between those two Potent Nations to insert that before their latter discords about the expulsion of Sigismundus and his Heirs from the Crown of Suethland severall grudges and jars had been on foot concerning certain parts of Leifland The Polanders and Suethes having both incroached theron whilest the same was under the Russian each catching at what lay most commodious for them and not seldom reaving from one another Albeit the Polish Authors assert that Joannes Basilides the great Duke or rather Tyrant of Russia wherunto all Leifland formerly belonged was forced to quit the same wholly to Stephen King of Poland in the year 1588. wherby he became deprived of the best and richest Country of his Empire by reason of the Commerce that Province hath in the Balthicke Sea in which was numbred thirty four Castles Notwithstanding which the Suethes seised on Tolezeburg Vdsenburg Bercholm As and Est which they gained from the Russian and from the Polander Revell and Badis in the Province of Haria Vitenstein also the chief Fort in the Dutchy of Gervanlandia with the Towns and Palaces of sundry of the Nobility of that Dukedom To the Dutchy of Esthonia the Kings of Suethen to this day intitle themselves The Polish Forces had in like manner wrested from the Sueths Karxhaus Helmeth Rugen and Parnaw a fair and well fortified Castle and Town joying to the Sea all of the Province of Esthonia aforesaid In the Bishoprick of Habsell the Suethes had gotten both City and Castle being the Episcopall Seat Lode a strong Castle and Lehall both City and Castle were possest by their Forces besides sundry other important places All which premised we proceed It hath been already said that King John of Suethen had by his instructions enjoyned his fore-named Ambassadors that no Alienation of ought belonging to the Suethish Crown should be accorded in contemplation of his Sons assumption to that of Poland but rather to break off the Treaty Notwithstanding which charge the said Ambassadors did act and conclude sundry things contrary therunto for say the Suethes in the third Article sworn unto and signed by both parties at the great Parliament in or neer Warsaw An. 1587. it is expresly provided that the King Elect should be bound to incorporate that part of Livonia or Leifland which the King of Suethland then possessed unto Poland or Lithuania And the then Queen Dowager of Poland Aunt unto the said elected King was to secure the same by Caution out of her own peculiar Goods as well in the Kingdom of Naples and the Dutchy of Baresano Duoano and Foggiano as out of her Dowry and any other goods and Possessions movable or immovable within or without the Kingdom of Poland This Concession which accordingto the Stipulation of the Ambassadors Sigismund the King Elect was to sign at his entry into that Kingdom the States of Suethen object as the first breach of the Auitall Gustavian Testament and that these Transactions were unknown and contrary to his Fathers mind and will may appear by a Schedule to his Uncle Duke Charles in his Letter from Calnear the second of December 1587 wherin he expresseth to this effect That albeit some weak hopes concerning Leifland unwitting to us and our dear Lord and Father and without our command or permission were given to the States of the Kingdom of Poland yet notwithstanding the Ambassadors of Poland present with those of the lower house have ingeniously granted and by Covenant and Oath have secured Vs that no such thing shall be exacted of Vs as We also have firmly concluded with Our selfe never to yeild up that which the Kingdom of Suethland hath gained with the blood of many famous men besides a notable expence of labour treasure and time Dated as abovesaid And in his first Letter to his Father after his reception of that Crown dated at Cracovia the first of May 1588. he insinuated the same thing and that he had been urged to declare himself in the matter of Leifland but that he by the advice of the Suethes then attending him had answered in these words That this matter should be wholly deferred therby to oblige the Polanders to forbear the importunity he might otherwise have received therupon promising withall to his said Father never to grant them any further hopes therof or to do ought therin contrary to his Majesties mind And that he had already told them he would rather renounce the Kingdom by them tendred unto him then alienate ought of the bounds of his most dear Country purchased with the blood of so many gallant men of the Suethish Nation His Father King John deceasing as hath been said An. 1592. Charles his Uncle Duke of Sudermannia c. before named took upon him the Government as next of blood during the absence of

facility of blasting the wisest and best consentred counsels of the Sons of men and overturning the Rock-like appearances of their strongest cemented Constitutions by that Omnipotent and ever-Adorable Power through whose Divine permission things conducing to the un-erring ends by him preordained in the Decrees of his Eternall Providence are brought to passe here below for the pulling down and setting up of Princes Sundry examples wherof are set before our eyes even of late years and particularly in this royal Gustavian Line To John and his Heirs the States of Suethland by a most solemn Act in the year 1590. confirm the Succession but hath this ought more of stability Sigismundus his eldest Son albeit Crowned in Suethland An. 1593. enjoyes it not but with his Seed is for ever expelled from that Kingdomes Regall Chaire by Parliamentary Act in the year 1600. and that expulsion confirmed An. 1504. by a like Act and a renewed reformed Hereditary Union whereby his Seat and Dignity is conferred upon the Person and Heires of Charles Duke of Sudermannia Nericia and Wermelandia who was Crowned An. 1607. being the youngest Son of Gustavus Erickson and younger Brother to John fore-named But here it may be demanded albeit Sigismundus had forfeited the Crown of Suethland both for himselfe and his Posterity yet what offence had the Prince his Brother John the younger Son of King John aforesaid committed to be pretermitted in that Elective Hereditary Succession seeing themselves acknowledge him to be the neerest as he was by how much a Son is neerer then a Brother or a Brother then an Uncle and to be induced to rest so contented with the Dukedome of Ostrogothia as to resigne for ever his whole right unto that Crown unlesse the same should chance to drop upon the head of some one of his Posterity by the decease of the totall lawfull Male Issue of the new King Charles according to the fore-cited Entail 1604. whose second Daughter the Princesse Mary Elizabeth he married An. 1612. Howbeit of him or of any Issue by them we read not Hereunto for answer is offered what themselves alledge and which hath been already touched in their Parliamentary Acts An. 1600. and 1604. Viz. His Minority by some years and that Kingdomes necessity of a Prince of ripe and experienced Judgment with their apprehension of his entring through prevalency of naturall affection into such Covenants with his Brother King Sigismundus or his Heirs as might be destructive to their present King his Uncle Charles and his Family as also his owne voluntary resignation of his Interest in the Suethish Crowne unto his said Uncle as fore-cited An. 1604. which againe confirmed and fully concluded at Orobrogia An. 1606. We may lastly add what themselves do there likewise assert That forasmuch as the most Illustrious Prince Duke John had at the time of the Regall Coronation of his Uncle attained unto the nineteenth year of his age and so might well discern of those things which concerned his Interest they were therfore confident that his Highnesse could not deservedly impute ought unto them and the rather if he should with them duly animadvert into such examples as might in like case be derived from other Kingdomes and Kingly Families which do abundantly testifie that sundry have been ejected from their Hereditary Jurisdiction and others of the same Family surrogated in their stead for causes lesse weighty then those wherby they had been therunto moved That they had seriously considered what that conjuncture of time chiefly in that most afflicted state of their Countrey required Viz. Such a Governour as could with prudence steer the Kingdomes Helme which unlesse speedily provided for utter ruine would have thence overflowed the whole Kingdome Moreover that they had been compelled by those dangerous and subite Plots or Machinations which on every side threatned their Countrey to choose him for their Lord their King and Governour who was endowed with Prudence Experience and maturity of years meet for so weighty a charge King Charles after ten yeares of a laudable Raigne paying the debt that all men owe to nature whereunto by the Eternall decree of the Almighty the most Potent Princes as well as the poorest Peasants are equally subject his Son Gustavus Adolphus succeeded and was Crowned King of the Suethes Gothes and Vandals c. An. 1617. He was as aforesaid cut off in the strength of his years being about the eight and thirtieth of his age An. 1632. at that fatall field of Lutzen yet a day so glorious ro his Fame as all Military men may in like case desire The yeare ensuing his translation from the toiles of this to the Joyes of a better world a Parliament convened at Stockholme the heads wherof as by them couched in seven Articles I shall heere touch at and referr the further curious unto the Act it selfe In that Assembly the Senators Peeres Earles Lords Bishops Gentrie Clergie Military Officers Citizens and Commonalty After a sad Commemoration of their unrecoverable losse by the death of their late Soveraigne whom they rearme their head their King their Father and Pater Patriae under whose most excellent Raigne they above other Nations had lived in safety and tranquility And that to the aggravation of their misery they were destitute of Heirs-Male proceeding from his loynes to possesse his Fathers Seat whereby their and the Kingdomes care and danger was the greater upon due consultation of the best conducement to the Kingdomes good They declare that by the help of their Almighty and in the Name of the blessed Trinity they had decreed confirmed and established IMprimis That his late Majesty having left no Heire Male nor any Children of any Hereditary Prince which might succeed according to the Laws and Constitution of the Realme They did approve of and confirme the Act formerly concluded at Norcopia An. 1604. concerning the Daughters of their Kings and Heir-Princes at the renovation of their Hereditary Union In reference whereunto as also to the Act concluded at Stocholme the fourth of December An. 1627. in case his Majesty should happen to decease They did thereby unanimouly establish and confirme as also advisedly freely and without constraint declare and pronounce The High and Mighty Princesse Christina Daughter of his renouned Majesty Gustavus Adolphus the Second and Great King Queen of the Suethes Goths and Vandalls lawfully chosen as also Hereditary Princesse Great Dutchesse of Finland Dutchesse of Esthonia and Carelia their most deer and gracious Queen And did by these presents oblige themselves c. with all the Inhabitants of the Kingdome and Subjects thereof to render to her Majesty all true and due Service and Obedience and did Inaugurate and establish her sayd Majesty in whatsoever in righteousnesse they might be answerable for before God and Man so that she had full power and authority to command them in all things They likewise confirmed and ratified the Lawes of the Realm for her Majesty And further obliged themselves to

it's neighbouring bounds which kept firme therunto and would not admit of a Newtrality with the Suethes albeit they had been once if report err not upon a Treatie For which their fidelity they have since obtained no small priviledges from that Crown prejudiciall not onely to the Neighbour Cities as that of Elbing where formerly the English Merchants of the Eastland Company had a flourishing residence but also to those Merchants and their Nation in the point of trade by their Stample upon all wollen cloaths imported to be dispersed through Poland which Monopoly hath been and is no small greivance unto that Society Neither hath that yoake been taken off notwithstanding Englands merits towards that Crown and the intervention and earnest Solicitation of Englands Ambassadors and other Ministers as will hereafter further appear But returne we now to what is yet remaining that so we may proceed unto the promised Treatie The Polanders as hath been said being wholly on the losing hand and having other ancient constant enemies as the Turk and Tartar and the Russian no assured friend to cope withall besides the Sueths a Peace or if that could not be a truce was mediated Neither was King Gustavus reluctant thereunto as having then a designe upon the main body of the Roman Empire as well to revenge the Injuries he pretended to have received from the Austrian Family for aiding the Polander against him as to assist and succour the all-most totally oppressed Protestant Princes of Germany sundry of whom were his Allaies and who had secretly re clamed his power for their Protection GVSTAVVS ADOLPHVS D. G. SVECORVM GOTHORVM ET VANDALORVM REX MAGNVS PRINCEPS FINLANDIAE etc. The Most Illustrious Puisant and Victorious Prince GVSTAVVS ADOLPHVS by the grace of GOD. King of the Swethens Goths and Vandals great Prince of Finland Duke of Esthonia Carelia Lord of Ingria c sould by P Stent Tho Cecill sculp The King of France deputed the Baron of Charnace The Elector of Brandenburg also had his Ambassadors there and by the Mediation of those publike Ministers interposing the Authority of their Potent Principalls a Truce was upon the sixteenth of September 1629. concluded between those jarring Crownes upon the tearmes that the Curious may see in the Articles themselves long since exposed to publike view and not necessary to be here inserted Before the expiration of this Truce King Sigismundus paying the Debt that all men owe to Nature left the Polanders free to a new Election and three Sons the Princes Vladislaus and Casimir the name of the third Brother I remember not to the hopes thereof Also one Daughter Which three besides their mutuall relations of Brothers and Sister by the same Father might also be said to have been Cousin Germanes to each other by their respective Mothers who both were Sisters to the then Germane Emperour King Sigismundus after the decease of the elder whom he had first married Espousing also the younger by Papall dispensation The more Superstitious and Jesuited Faction which there is very powerfull in prejudice of the accustomed way of Elective Succession to that Crown would have baulked Vladislaus the elder howbeit not for want of merit but as by them conceived to be more favourable towards Protestanisme then they desired and would have chosen Casimirus the younger at present their King by his Brothers decease whom they thought as having amongst them received his Education would prove more inclining toward them but were vigorously opposed by the Illustrious Prince Christopher Radzivill Duke of Bierze and Dubinskie Palatine of Vilnen and great Generall of Lithuania who is said to have brought five thousand Horse to that Parliament a prevaling Argument by whose meanes the elder Prince obtained his Elective Right and was Crowned by the name of Vladislaus the fourth He was a Prince of great Courage and Vigour both of mind and body and inherited not only his Fathers pretensions unto his Hereditary Crown of Suethland but the fame desires for its recovery and hatred against the Detainer thereof Nor is it likely but that upon the terminating of the truce currant he would willingly have entred into a War for the re-gaining of the Right devolved unto him from his Paternall Ancestors had not the States of Poland shewed themselves more willing to a Treatie as having been but late before engaged against the Russian from whom he had gained the Citie and Dukedom of Smolensko with other Territories as also against the Turke and Tartar whom by the losse of two set Battels he had forced unto tearmes of accommodation by means wherof the Crowne of Poland had sustained a vast Charge with other Inconveniencies incident and might therfore require a time of breathing Yet not withstanding they also raised a powerfull Army to countenance the Cause and not without resolution for a vigorous Engagement in case the means used for obtaining a Peace or longer Truce should have proved uneffectuall It is certainly much to be lamented that the Spirit of Discord hath so much power over the minds of Christian Princes as that their Emulations and Dissentions which are the steps whereby the Othoman Empire hath mounted unto its present formidable height should be rendred perpetuall to the prejudice of Christendome the reproach of the Christian Profession and the advantage of insulting Infidells as then it did for the Polish Army at that time had the Turkish Forces at such a bay as that the great Generall of Poland Kaenigspolskie in the hearing of this Relator afterwards told the Ambassadour of Great Brittaine that but for the difference like to ensue between the two Crownes of Poland and Suethland by reason of the then neer expiring Truce hee would have convoyed those Miscreants unto the Gates of Constantinople but leaving this digression As the Crown of Poland might be not unwilling for the reasons pre-alledged to admit of Peace so likewise may the Suethes be conceived not to have been averse thereunto as having lost their Coesar in that famous Feild of Lutzen and being still engaged in the Germane War their Forces were then in decadence constrained to retire toward Pomerania and to keep a long the Sea Coast So as both parties being apparently willing a second Treaty was consented unto and those Princes who had assisted at the former as also the States of Holland were by the interessed Crownes invited to resume the Mediatoriall Office whereunto none of them being backward no more then to contribute their endeavours for a Worke so pious and beseeming Christians Sir George Duglass Knight Ambassadour from the late King of Great Brittaine Claudius de Mesme Baron D'Avaux from the King of France the Prince Sigismundus of Brandenborg Uncle to that Elector from his said Nephew with others of the Electorall Counsell as also Ambassadours from the States Generall of the united Provinces did accordingly howbeit at severall times as opportunity by reason of distance of places would permit meet in Prussia the

then Duke of Sudermannia c. by them Parliamentarily Constituted Governour of Suethland is demonstrated The heads of the severall Letters which passed between that King and his said Uncle in that conjuncture and even when the Armies of both sides were in the Feild and in sight of each other are touched The Kings bad successe the accord ensuing between them with his Retreat into Poland contrary thereunto set forth Contents of their subsequent as well as preceding Acts of Parliament inserted Their renouncing of Fidelity and Subjection to him and his Heirs for ever with their exaltation of the forenamed Duke Charles unto his Nephews Throne manifested The Warrs thereupon between them with advantage to the Suethes and upon other intervenient occasions a Truce mediated and concluded for six years An. 1629. hinted That Truce neer expiring a second Treaty being set on foot An. 1634. for a finall Peace or longer Truce and the latter for six and twenty years assented unto by both Parties the year following the daily passages thereof are faithfully couched Lastly A breife Commemoration of the Ambassador who from England did Mediate that Truce A touch likewise of sundry as aforesayd Emergencies in Germany relating to Englands and the Protestant Interest there in those times not unnecessary for the better understanding of Passages referring as well to the sayd Treaty as to the Ambassadors Person and Death wherein sundry occurrences not usuall may be observed with a cursory mention of the now Raigning Princes of Suethland and Poland and the present posture of affiares in those Nations conclude the Triple Narrative SUETHLAND AND POLANDS TROVBLES Preceding Causing and Ensuing the Expulsion of King SIGISMUND the Third from the Crown of SUETHLAND The Rise of the WARS between Suethland and Poland THE Crown of Poland as also that of Suethland untill of latter Ages hath ever been and still is Elective and albeit not neer so ancient as the other in the Title of a King 〈…〉 yet at present not of consideration inferiour to most in Christendom the same being the only Bulwark in those parts against the incroaching power of the insulting Turk and his Blood-hound the numerous over-running Tartar Unto the time of Boleslaus sur-named Chrobrus that Country was governed somtimes by Dukes otherwhiles by Palatines But Otho the Third the Germane Emperour who in the year 997. first instituted the Colledge of Electors for the choice of future Successors to the Imperiall Crown after an expedition by him made into Italy undertaking a Journey into Poland to visite the Tomb of S. Adelbert and being there Magnificently received and entertained by the said Boleslaus in requitall therof and to tye him in the more strickt Bonds of Amity towards himself and the Roman Empire Of Duke stiled and Crowned him King of Poland about the year of Grace 1000. After whom the said Title continued by the space of 82. years unto the time of Vladislaus the first who abandoned the same using only that of Prince or Duke in which frame the Government remained for the term of 213. years at the end wherof Lescus Niger deceasing and the State distracted into divers Factions being for some time without a Prince the supream Rule was at last electively setled upon Primislaus surnam'd Posthumus who resumed the Title of King An. 1295. That Royall Title hath been ever since retained by his Successors yet not fully established untill the Raign of Casimir the second stiled the Great after whose death his Nephew Lewis King of Hungaria son to Charles King therof by Elizabeth Sister of the said Casimir succeeding electively to the Regall Chair of Poland deceased without Heirs Males and Mary eldest Daughter of the said Lewis being chosen Queen of Hungaria Heduigis the younger was elected to the Crown of Poland and married unto Jagello great Duke of Lithuania who in contemplation of the said Match and the Crown of Poland wherunto he was therby advanced became a Christian in the year 138● by the name of Vladislaus the fifth and wrought so with his Subjects the Lithuanians as that they also embraced the Christian Profession and likewise united his said Dutchy of Lithuania with Samogitia and that part of Roxo●ania which was under his obedience unto the Crown of Poland for ever To which three conditions he was obliged by the Articles of his Marriage The first was forth with the second soon after effected albeit not without reluctancy as may be conceived where a People is rooted and therby become obstinate in Idolatrie The third point the Union was yet more hard to compasse and took more time of deliberation neither was it fully accomplished untill of latter years For the Princes of the Race of Jagello who after him succeeded to the Crown of Poland being unwilling to deprive their Posterity of their Hereditary Estates and to submit the same to the election of the Polanders least being pre-termitted therin they might remain deprived of their ancient Patrimonicall Rights and Dignities deferred the fulfilling therof from one time to another alleadging that the States and people of Lithuania would not consent therto as apprehending future prejudice by that Conjunction But at last seeing that of the one side their Princes Males began to fail as they did in the time of Sigismundus Augustus and on the other part apprehending the power of the Russians and the renewing of former pretensions the Lithuanians condescended to the Union in the Raign of the said Sigismundus who procured that the Lithuanian Bishops the Palatines and a certain number of Castellans should have Session and Vote in the Parliaments of Poland at the election of their Kins and all other Priviledges which the Native Polonians have wherby the Rights of the Lithuanian Princes to their Patrimoniall Estates might seem secured It may be generally observed that in those Elective Kingdoms regard is had to the next in right line unless known to be unfit and unworthy of so great a Power as is apparent in Hungaria Bohemia and Suethland before the same became Hereditary in Denmark also and in Russia most usually and at present is and hath been practised in Germany since the time of Charles the fifth By virtue of this regard to the Progeny of well deserving Princes the Jagellonian Posterity hath continued successively elected to the Crown of Poland ever since his death about 137. years under the Raign of six Kings Viz. Vladislans the sixth his Son Casimir Son to the said Vladislans John Albert second Son of Casimir the elder being pre-termitted by reason of his embracing the Crowns of Hungaria and Bohemia Alexander the third Brother and these two dying without Issue Sigismund fourth Son of the said Casimir succeeded and to him his Son Sigismundus the second sur-named Augustus the last Prince of the Issue Male of Jagello who deceased about the year 1573. After him was chosen Henry of Valois Duke of Anjow second Son to Henry the second King of

Commissioners of whom Colonell Peblitz being chiefe sate above all the Princes at the upper end of the Table all the Propositions were directed to him and he in right of the Elector Palatine had the opening of all Letters which was an absolute concession of the Electorall Title and Dignity and as great an Exauthorization of the Bavarian and his pretences as that Assembly could give For the effecting hereof the prudent intervention of Sir Robert Anstruther Lord Ambassador Extraordinarie from great Brittaine to that Dyet who had with good approbation discharged the like high trust under King James and the late King to severall Princes of Germany to the King of Denmarke as also to the Emperor Intervallatim by the space of thirteen yeares was not meanly prevalent There were present besides the Ambassadors of other Princes and the Deputies of the Imperiall Cities in the forenamed foure Circles as Noremberg Strasburg Francefort Auspurg and others the Lord Chancellour Oxenstierne also whose Title in this Dyet was Councellor Chancellor and Extraordinary Ambassador for the most Illustrious and High borne the Hereditarie Heyre and Princesse of the Crown of Suethen The restitution of the Palatinate ad integrum was decreed in this Dyet and for the regaining of some places as yet possessed by the Enemy the Chancellor engaged his word as General of all the Forces which charge he having modestly refused at the first offer accepted at the second Whereupon the direction of the whole War and affaires of State was committed unto him in the name of the Imperiall States and the Crown of Suethen Neither did this Union receive small luster by the conjunction of the French King represented by the Marshall de Feuquier's there present As also by the Declaration o● the Duke Elector of Brandenburg which followed soone after in favour of what there transacted Account of the whole passages of that Assembly but especially of that restitutionary decree was by his Lordship upon his returne to Francfort sent into England by Mr. Richard Hurst One and the First of his Secretaries His Lordships Negotiation with the Landtgrave of Darmestadt to whom he soone after repaired for the gaining of his concurrence with that Assembly was uneffectuall albeit he left no stone unmoved But interest and ambition are maine obstacles to the attaining of just desires That Landtgrave had been much entrusted by the house of Austria and in recompence of his affection was by the same invested with the spoiles of his Neighbours Two Mannours or Lordships belonging to the House Palatine had been committed into his of his Fathers hands by the late King of Bohemia they being then good friends but disputes arising afterwards between them grew to a quarrell whereupon Count Mansfeldt invading the Landtgraves Countrey took him prisoner and so detained him certaine dayes but his liberty being regained and the Emperors affaires prospering he procured as a recompence for his sufferings a grant from the Emperor not onely of those two Mannours but of severall other Lands likewise belonging to the Counts of Solmes Isenberg Lewensteyne and others followers and domesticks of the Prince Elector Palatine The Elector Duke of Saxony one of whose Daughters the foresaid Land-Grave had Married was next Solicited by great Britaines Ambassador yet neither would he joyn in the Transactions of Heylbrun or in the attribution of the Electoral Title Dignity or Possessions to the yong Prince Palatine nor afford the Title of Administrator to his Uncle the Duke of Simmern Albeit as he professed to his Lordship he did not ommit the same out of any want of respect to the King his Master or of affection to the House Palatine but as not having then consulted the States of his Countrey which he said it was necessary for him to do before he could performe so publike an Act and that he hoped to obtaine the same by Treatie Whereby the Troubles of Germany as he conceived would sooner be ended Hereupon Replyes were reiterated but nothing save words gained The King of Suethens death seemed to have much altered that Elector from his former professed intentions But it was indeed conceived that he the rather declined those rights to the house Palatine to worke a concession from the young Prince unto his said Son in Law of the two forementioned Manno 〈…〉 s Next that himselfe might enjoy the Cheife direction of Affaires amongst the Protestant Princes of Germany which of right belonged to the house Palatine As also to thwart what the Circles had done in the Assembly at Heylbrun with the particular account of the Electorall and Land-gravian Treaties the Relator was by his Lordship sent for England from Dresden that Electors Chiefe and Residentiall City In the mean time the Confederate Princes and Cities having constituted amongst themselves a Directorium or settled Counsell for the better carrying on of the Work gave the Presidency thereof as aforesayd to the Great Chancellour of Suethen Axelius Oxenstierne as well in contemplation of the merits of that late Great Monarch as of the necessity they stil had to retaine the assistance of the Suethes untill the interest of the Princes and Cities of that Union and of the House Palatine together with that of the whole body of the Germane Protestants might be settled either by Treaty or otherwise and not the least in regard of the great Sagacity and deep insight in the managing of Affaires acquired by a long experimented practice and grounded upon the Rock of a most sound and well fortified judgment wherwith that great Personage was endowed The various successe of the Armies and their continuance drawing upon the associated Princes Circles and Cities a vast expence of Treasure wherby those Countries became exhausted and the Palatinate being upon its restitution assessed at a monthly Contribution which howbeit lesse in proportion then the other Contributary Countries were rated at that devasted Principality was not able to furnish the late King was solicited in deficiency of his Nephews Estate yet no way therto obliged by any Stipulation or other Act publike or private so cautiously had his fore-named Minister managed his Masters Interest Hereupon by the Privy Counsell of England it was thought meet that some one should be sent over to scrutinize into the condition of the Palatinate as also into the Deportments of the Suethes concerning whom I may say upon certain knowledge that during the Assembly at Heylbrun as also before and after the Chancellour made great expressions of respect to his Majesty and his Relations in Germany the reality wherof was not meanly testified by the free restitution of the Palatinate after their King had recovered the same from the Spaniard and by his promise that the Forces then before Frankendale if I mistake not and Heidelberg should not be withdrawn but re-inforced untill those two strong Peices were likewise regained which he performed at his return to Francfort by sending the Prince Birkenfeldt with six

Not consented unto The Regall Declaration Unsatisfactory to the Duke Regall assecuration Propositions made by Duke Chalres King Sigismund retires to Lincopia Letter of Duke Charles Answer Reply Another Letter from the Duke Safe conduct interchangable granted Assertions of the Suethes Further assertions Vide Exegis Historiaca Sueciae page 233 234. Treaty of Pacification at Lincopia between the King and Duke Shipping restored The King steers to Calmar in stead of Stocholme Friendly Letter from King Sigismundus to Duke Charles The Dukes answer Second Letter Ducall reply King Sigismundus requires more Ships for the transporting of his Army and sundry things to be restored The Prince was born in England An. 1565 whose Mother the Lady Cecily Daughter to King Gustavus Erickson and Sister to Erick Iohn and Charles all Kings of Suethland Wife to Christ Marquesse of Baden came then into England to visite Queen Elizabeth and by the Queen his God-mother named Edvardus Fortunatus The Duke complains of the Kings going to Calmar King Sigism excuseth his going to Calmar Promiseth a repair to Stocholme Promise not kept the King returned to Dantzig Parliament at Ienecopis The Dukes Letter and Objections to King Sigismund Letter to King Sigismundus from the Parliament of Suethland The Prince his Son invited to be there educated and to receive the Crown No answer returned Parliament at Stocholme Rejection of King Sigism His Son Uladislaus accepted of conditionally Parliamentary Letters to King Sigismundus not answered Parliament at Lincopia Dnke John declined Dukedome of Ostrogothes conferred on Duke John King Sigism with his Heirs rejected Duke Charles designed King of Suethland Gustavus Adolphus to succeed After him Duke Iohn conditionally Triall of Captivated Senators Sentence of execution Others pardoned Some but repreived Sentence in Finland against Arvidus Gustavus and Axell Kurck confirmed by Parliament Other offendors for smaller Offences gradually punished by losse of goods or Fine Second Parliament at Stocholme Duke Charles again solicites King Sigism to send his Son into Suethen No answer returned but new broiles raised Further Objections The same continued Parliament at Norcopia Heads of what therein transacted Duke John renounceth his pretence to the Crown of Suethland Duke Charles contented to accept of the Crown Hereditary union renewed reformed Duke Charles pronounced King and his eldest to succed The younger to enjoy his Fathers Dukedomes Male issue of the eldest failing the second to succeed That also failing in him Duke Iohn to inherite the Crowne The Female Regall and Ducall issue adopted into the succession This hath reference to the fore-cited Parliamentary conclusions at Stocholme the seventh of March 1590. but is here imperfect in the Original as wanting the words Eldest unmarried as is there expressed Provision for younger Regall and Ducall daughters conditionall The daughters and sister of King Sigismund rejected No Prince of a contrary religion to inherit Such or Apostates to be deprived Hereditary Princes prohibited marriage with an wife of contrary religigion All seduce●s of Prince● to a contrary religion to be punished as 〈…〉 s. No hereditary Prince to accept of another Kingdome unlesse to live in the Patriall Soile Oration of Duke John in Resignation of his right Warrs between King Sigismundus and King Charles Continued by his Son Gustavus Adolphus Death of Sigismundus Uladislaus his Eldest Elected and Crowned A second treatie instituted Preface to the treaty The Mediators Englands Ambassador arrives at Dantzig Writes to the Commissioners of the Crownes interessed Answer of the Polanders The Suethes complained of The Suethes answer with reciprocall complaints The Treaties commencement Elector of Brandenburgs Ambassadors Commissioners of Poland Commissioners of Suethland Meet at Holland town in Prussia Interchangably exhibite their respective Plenipotentiaries and agree upon a second meeting His Lordship came to Holland Desects in the Suethish Procuratories The like in those of Poland Rupture appearing the parties depart The Mediators repair to the Suethes at Elbing Condescention of the Suethes conditionall Commissioners of Poland return to Warsaw His Lordships receives invitation to come to Warsaw There was but one and that for his Lordship He contracts sickness Difficulties about the place of treaty Mariemburg appointed to be the Mediators residence The Mediators meet and consult Repaire to the Suethes The conclusion certified to the Polanders The Subdelegates meet Difficulties about the place for the generall meeting The Mediators return to the Suethes Their propositions Not admitted Objections His Lordship repaires to the Polanders Their conditional conclusions Englands Agent sent to the Suethes Their finall resolution Intimated to the Polanders who promise complyance Instrument o● Security renewed The Ambassadors of France and Holland come to Mariemburg The Mediators intervisite and joyntly repaire to Stumbsdorff the place of Treatie The parties arrive Meane used for avoyding competitions Proposition Not consented unto Demand made by the Suethes Answer and demand of the Polanders Result of the Mediators Accepted by all That dayes conclusion The Mediators meete His Lordships proposition in Order to the whole matter The other Mediators deliver theirs The result The new Procuratories interchangably communicated new difficulty about the Title Reconciled Scope of the Procuratories Polish Protest The Suethes Protest Procuratoriall difficulties removed Former result communicated to the parties Suethes answer Negatively The like given by the Polanders Offer made by the Suethes The Poles desire respite The same granted The Suethes therwith offended The former offer waved by the Poles as insufficient Five other mediate means propounded Taken by the Poles into deliberation Rejected by the Suethes Reply of the Poles in point of resignation The Suethes refuse to meete His Lordship goes to the Suethes They consent to meete Certaine greivances complained of by his Lordship and the Hollanders to the Suethes Their answer The Polanders persist as before The Parties willed to propound The Suethes enter into passion Those of Poland add ten other Articles for a supplement to the former Things tending to a breach the Mediators desire respite Finall declarations demanded by the Mediators from the Parties The Suethes decline to declare further The Polanders likewise and give their reasons The Suethes againe incensed At end the finall resolution at their quarters A meeting with the Mediators desired by the Poles Prolongation of the Truce desired Result of the Polanders conditionall Prorogation of the Truce assented unto Purport of the Prorogation Continuation of Sequestrations insisted on by the Poles but refused by the Suethes The Prorogation signed The Mediators vepair to the King Their overtures uneffectuall The Poles desire a meeting with the Mediators Declaration ur 〈…〉 Ultimate result of the Polanders Treaty for finall Peace in termes desperate Complaints of the Poles D. Radzivils departure for Littaw A longer Truce insisted on The Suethes Declaration in point of longer Truce The Poles re 〈…〉 to the King Argument ●●●d by his Lordship Misconstrued The Suethes again in heat Yet ca 〈…〉 ed and contented to meet The Kings conde scention