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A13218 A Short survey of the kingdome of Sweden containing a briefe description of all the provinces of this whole dominion, as also the riches of this kingdome, the antiquitie, nature, and manners of this nation, together with the government of this realme, might and power of this great king as well by sea as by land, his great officers, his customes, and reuenues of the crowne : a catalogue of many of the kings of Sweden, of those especially who have reigned these last five hundreth yeares, with some of their most memorable acts and deeds, with their alliance and issue or off-spring : something also more particularly concerning that illustrious invincible great Gustauus Adolphus the 2. and some of his most memorable acts since his comming to the crowne, as well before as since his entring Germany, untill this present yeare 1632. 1632 (1632) STC 23517.5; ESTC S4930 50,849 110

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with all meanes of necessary provision for his countrey into Denmarke supplyed his present necessitie granting him free leave to returne without any trouble or molestation But this so great a curtesie and kindnesse was but ill re●uited For foure yeares after A great ingratitude having about some matters of great importance as he pretended desired private conference with Steno hee had almost yeelded to goe aboard the enemies ship Being then thus prevented he wished Steno to send him some men of note as Ambassadors to conferre with him and having sent Gaddus and Gustavus sonne to Eric●● and after king against his oath and promise carries them both captive into Denmarke This was but the beginning of the next yeres Tragedie Having then the next yeare gathered together a farre greater army then the former he invaded the country of the Vestrogoths and the battell being fought upon the ice Steno being shot thorow the thigh with a gunne dyes shortly after of this wound upon which followed the dissipation and dispersing of the Swedish army Immediately sfter was Christierne by the Danish faction in the principall city Stockeholme elected and crowned king having also after a solemne manner sworne the confirmation of all their priviledges and promised immunitie and pardon for whatsoever was past But the same day fearing lest afterwards in his absence the sonnes of Steno might by the contrary faction be elected having first commanded the gates of the City to be shut up and invited to a feast the chiefe of all the Nobility of the contrary faction in the fight of all the people now trembling and quaking for feare slew 94. of them leaving their dead bodies in the great Court before the towne hall for the space of three dayes for a terrour to the people The dead body of Steno was by the tyrants command taken out of the grave Extreame barbarous crueltie and as some write after he had like a dogge torne it with his teeth commanded to burne is to ashes with the others lately killed The inhabitants were also by the rude souldiers without any regard of sexe or age cruelly killed and murdered and young children being hung up their heads were cut off from their shoulders The City was rifled and spoiled by the souldiers and no manner of outrage and insolency omitted After his departure from thence as some write he went into a monasterie More then ●haunce ●●eltie where he was entertained after the best manner the Monkes were able but after service being Candlemasse day he commanded to take the Abbot and all his Monkes tying them hand and foot and threw them into a deepe river running by the Abbot having by some meanes untyed himselfe was swimming a shore which being by him perceived he caused to follow him with a boat and kill him Having thus committed many outrages and insolencies the people of the land being much therewith distasted tooke courage and about some 30000. in armes pursued him now fleeing and marching more by night then by day untill at length he came into Denmarke Boing now so embrued in bloud he could not refraine from crueltie even against his owne kindred he was at length assaulted by Frederick Prince of Holstein ane those of Lubecke and his conscience now affrighting him with his wife Isabella the Emperours sister and his children flees into Zeland which was the third yeare after the massacre of Stockeholme 1523 CHAP. IX 143 Gustavus Erickson 1. 124 GVstavus 1. called Erickson or sonne of Ericus after long imprisonment escaping out of prison fled speedily out of Denmark and was at length by the generall consent of the States now surviuing accepted for king of the Realme being thereunto well furthered by those of the City of Lubecke which supplyed him with store of money This noble and praise-worthy Prince liued and reigned very peaceably with the love and good liking of his subiects the whole space of 38. yeares and dyed in 1560. The most memorable of his acts and was it not memorable indeed Reformation of religion in the kingdome of Sweden An. 6560 was that hee banished out of his whole kingdome and dominions the superstitious worship of the Church of Rome and thorow his whole dominions caused them to professe the reformed religion according to the confession of Ausbourg or Augustane confession And because we account the Danes usurpation to haue beene no right possession therefore according to Historians we make him to follow in order 143. immediatly after Steno whose daughter some say he marryed howbeit if he so did we reade of no issue he had by her The first wife therefore by whom he had any issue was Katharine daughter to Magnus Duke of Saxony and by her he had 1. Ericus who succeeded him in his government His second wife was Margaret daughter to a noble knight Abraham Loholu governour of Vestrogothia whom he marryed An. 1536. who bare unto him these children following 1 Iohn afterwards king of Sweden 2 Katharine marryed to the Earle of East-Freezland 1559. and bare to him Enno Gustavus Iohn and Christopher Earles of East Friezland 3 Cecilie marryed to Christopher Marquesse of Bad●n 1564. to whom she bare Edward called the Fortunate Christopher Constans and Philip 4 Maguus Duke of Ostrogothia and dyed 1595. 5 Steno and dyed a child 6 Anna marryed to George Iohn Count Palatine of Rhene and Duke of Bavaria 1564. to whom she bare George Gustavus Iohn Ruphel Anna Margaret and Vrsula marryed to the Duke of Wirtenberg 7 Charles who presently dyed 8 Sophia marryed to Magnus Duke of Saxonie 1568. and bare to him Gustavus Duke of Saxonie who dyed at Holmin 1597 9 Elizabeth marryed to Christopher Duke of Meckelburg who had by her one only daughter called Margaret married to the Megapolitane Duke 10 Charles Duke of Sudermania c. This fruitfull Queene dyed in the yeare 1551. After her decease he married againe Katharine daugther to Gustavus Olaus Baron of Torpa 1552. but had by her no children 144 Ericus 144 Ericus 8. succeeded his father Gustavus and was crowned in Stockeholme 1561. This king for a certaine time waged warre against the Danes and city of Lubecke and drew upon himselfe the hatred and evill will of all his neighbours and as though this had yet beene but a small matter he irritated his own people whom he exceedingly discontented His brother Iohn who had marryed Katharine sister to Sigismund king of Polands widow did altogether mislike his brothers turbulent courses and enterprizes who in his returne from Revalia into Livonia left with the Polonian king his kins man a great summe of money for the which this being put into his hands as a pledge certaine castles and commanderies in the countrey of Livonia This fact his brother otherwise very suspicious interpreted in the worst sense as though his brother had beene combined and ioyned in league with the Dane and Polonian and for this cause with his whole forces assaults his brother
takes himselfe wife and whole family prisoners in a towne of Finland called Ako brings them all with him to Stockeholme where having first openly accused him he cast him into prison where he continued for the space of foure whole yeares besides that he put to death many of his familiar friends and acquaintance But at the foure yeares end the case is quite altered his brother finding a meanes to free himselfe out of prison takes his brother captive and makes him drinke of the same cup he had before made him begin with keeping him in close prison during his whole life time 1568. 145 Ericus thus iustly thrust out of his throne 145 Iohn 2. his brother was with the unanimous free and generall consent of the whole State elected king in his brothers turne During his reigne he had also great war with but especially with the Dane the Muscovite or Russian He was born 1537. and crowned 1569 He marryed first Katharine daughter to Sigismund king of Poland by whom he had 1. Sigismund now king of Poland 2. Anne After this Queenes decease he marryed one Gunila daughter to one Axelurs Bielke de Hereseter a noble Knight and governour of Ostrogothia whom he marryed 1585. and by whom he had 1 Iohn who in the yeare 1612. married Mary Elizabeth daughter to Charles the 9. King of Sweden 2 Charles borne 1550 first Duke of Sudermania Neriva and Vermelandia and afterwards also elected king of Sweden This king Iohn constantly maintained the same religion of the Augustane confession which his father had formerly professed although underhand he suffered his sonne Sigismund by his mother Katharine to be educated in the Romish religion which cost him no lesse then the losse of his kingdome of Sweden as hereafter shall appeare And the better to secure his subiects of his constant perseverance in the religion he professed he gave them his brother Charles Duke of Finland whom he loved dearely for a pledge or pawne that no innovation should therein be attempted whom he also appointed by his last will and testament during his sonnes absence to be gouernour of the whole kingdome This king dyed in the yeare 1592 19. of November 146 Sigismundus 246 Sigismundus sonne to the aforesaid Iohn being before during his fathers life time in 1590 beene designed and appointed king of Poland being during his fathers life time elected king of Poland where he also lived and reigned at the time of his fathers death was in the yeare 1599 crowned king of Sweden and the very day of the Epiphanie was appointed for this purpose Now there was in the kings company one Franciscus mala spina Bishop of Vrlia in Italy the Popes Nuncio whom the king and his followers much desired to performe the solemne rites of the Coronation and this Prelate was of opinion that if the States of Sweden had once given way to this beginning the Romish religion might more easily afterwards be againe introduced But against this with might and maine did Adamus Andracanus then Archbishop of Vpsalia oppose affirming that it was flat against the lawes and constitutions of the kingdome that any other but the Archbishop of Vpsalia should set the diademe royall upon his head and besides that he must now sweare to maintaine that religion now professed within the kingdome of Sweden according to the Augustane confession exhibited to Charles the fift Emperour professed by his grandfather Gustavus and his owne father Iohn the 3. and by a late synod holden at Vpsalia by the whole States of the kingdome confirmed and that he shall not assigne or grant any Church or Churches in any towne of Sweden to any other religion then that of the Augustane confession And further that during the time of his abode in Sweden he should be contented with the service performed within the private chapell of his owne palace Against this did oppose the peeres and Nobles of poland that accompanied the king howbeit the peeres of Sweden were resolute in their purpose insomuch that some dayes were thus spent in alteration At length about mid Ianuary seeing no remedy it was agreed that the bishop of Vpsalia should performe such rites as belonged to the coronation which was accordingly performed The oath of Sigismund Ericus Sparce also Chancellour of the kingdome administred unto the king his solemne oath he reciprocally answering him and promising first that he would maintaine iustice and truth within his kingdome and that he would punish and suppresse all iniustice and lying that he would doe iustice to all the Swedish nation as well rich as poore and that according to the lawes and statutes of the kingdome he should governe the same and that by the counsell and consent of his brother Prince Charles and the senate or counsell of the kingdome that hee shall consult with the natural inhabitants of the kingdome and not with strangers that hee shall bring no strangers within the realme that hee shall commit the castles and forts of the kingdome and the deserts of Vpsalia to none but the natiues of the countrey that he shall impose no new tribute or taxe upon the subiect unlesse in case of great necessitie for the defence of the kingdome in feare of any intestine commotion or sedition when the kings sonne or daughter is to be marryed when the king is to make any solemne perambulation thorow his whole kingdome or something for the reparation of the desarts of Vpsalia shall be required Moreover that he should confirme all priviledges and immunities heretofore granted to the Peeres of the land the whole people and the clergie thereof and that by all meanes possible he should procure peace and tranquillitie to all his subiects adding lastly this clause to the oath So God be good to my soule and body as I from my heart sweare to observe all the premisses After this was a solemn assembly of the whole States of the kingdome or a Parliament called at Stockeholme wherein was consulted of the government of the kingdome during the kings absence and divers good and wholesome lawes enacted In the moneth of Iuly next after the king departed againe into Poland But some few yeares after Abdication of king Sigismund hee was by the same States againe abdicated and quite reiected from ever having any right or interest in the government of the kingdome of Sweden and was in a Parliament holden at Stockeholme 1590. confirmed And againe in another Parliament holden at Lincopia 1600. as well he himselfe as all his issue and off-spring are for ever excluded from the succession to the kingdome of Sweden The reasons were diuers but especially for sending an army of strangers into the countrey quite contrary to his oath and promise the which if their plot had taken effect might have overthrowne the whole State besides the ruine of religion There were divers other causes published in print as the story mentions the which I have not as yet seene But withall in the
abdication of this king this cond●tion was inserted that if within sixe moneths after the finishing of the last Parliament holden at Lincopia this king Sigismund would send over into Sweden his son V●sladislaus to be governed and ruled by his Vncle prince Charles and to be educ●ted in the relligion then professed in the kingdome of Sweden that assoone as he were come to yeeres capable of government they would receive and acknowledge him for ever afterwards for their lawfull king and governour the which motion not being entertained nor yet any answer within this space returned their former decree of abdication of him and his seed was there solemnly ratified and confirmed Sigismund marryed first Anna daughter to Charles Archduke of Austria by whom hee had 1. Anna Maria. 2. Katharine 3. Vladistaus designed for King of Polonia 4. Christopher cut out of his mothers wombe and shortly after both he and his mother dyed Sigismund thus solemnely reiected and put besides the Crowne and Kingdome of Sweden his brother Iohn next unto him according to the ordinary course and custome should have succeeded but by reason hee was suspected to bee too much addicted to his elder brother king of Poland and therefore assigning him large and ample meanes sutable to his birth and parentage they made choice of the youngest brother Charles to take upon him the government of the kingdome who notwithstanding would not for a good while accept of the regale title Charles therefore at length 147 Charles 9. at the earnest sollicitation of the whole estates tooke the government upon him borne in 1550. and at first Duke of Sudermania Nericia and Verulandia and after three yeares government without the regale title at length in the yeare 1607. accepted of the same This noble and worthy Prince swore to the maintenance of religion and the lawes and constitutions of the kingdome as hath beene lately declared all which hee did accordingly performe The Peere of the kingdome for his worth and valour and many good offices he had performed for the peace and preservation of the State were not onely contented this dignity should be conferred upon himselfe but consented also that the fame should be confirmed to his heires and successours for ever which fayling then was the same to return to his elder brother Iohn and his heires male It was also agreed upon that by reason of divers inconveniences arising from this root that sometimes the kings of Sweden have accepted of another kingdome and by that meanes often residing in another countrey it was therefore likewise enacted and agreed upon that no hereditary Prince and heire apparant to the crowne of Sweden An act against the accepting of a forreine kingdome unlesse he refine himselfe in Sweden His warres against Denmarke and Russia shall hencefoorth accept of any forreine kingdome unlesse he resolve neverthelesse to live and continue in the same kingdome of Sweden This noble king after he came to the Crown waged warre with the king of Denmarke and at one and the same time with the Russian also For Iuan Wasilieuitz Suski with many of the Peeres being in his chiefe City Mosco very straitly besieged by the Polonians hee sent for aide and succour to this Charles king of Sweden there being then great danger not of the losse of the king and his Nobles onely but even of the utter overthrow and ruine of his whole dominion This Prince therefore sent with great expedition under the command of Iairus de la Garde Earle of Leccho and Arch-marshall of the kingdome of Sweden a great army wherewith he raised the siege overthrew the enemies forces and set at libertie this distressed Prince and all his Peeres The aforenamed Suski making shew of a gratefull acknowledgement of so great a kindnesse received not onely promised but also sealed some deeds whereby hee freely gave unto this king Charles and to his heires and successours kings of Sweden for ever certaine territories and lordships together with the townes castles and forts thereunto belonging But the performance was not answerable to promise for this unthankfull persidious Prince sent secretly to the captaine of one of his castles wishing him with some forces to intercept those deeds together with the money agreed upon for the souldiers pay King Charles by such an iniury irritated and blame him not raises againe new forces invades the countrey the Polonian having now likewise seized upon Mosco the chiefe City he takes in Rexholme and possesses himselfe of a great part of the countrey round about But while he is now in the middest of his good successe behold cruell A●opus suddenly cuts the thread of his life end so by this meanes together with his hereditarie dominions leaves likewise this warre to be finished by his sonne Gustavus Adolphus at this time king of Sweden whereof more hereafter He dyed of a great sicknesse in a warre against Denmarke An. 1611. Octob. 30. His first wife was Mary daughter to Lewes Elector and Count Palatine of Rhene whom he married An. 1579 and had by her 1 Margaret Elizabeth and died at the age of 5. yeares 2 Elizabeth Sabina who dyed also young 3 Lewes who died instantly after his birth 4 Katharine borne in 1584. and in 1614. marryed to the illustrous Prince Iohn Casimir Prince Palatine of Rhene and Duke of Bavaria 5. Gustavus who dyed a child 6. Mary who dyed also young This vertuous Queene dyed of her selfe in the yeere 1580. His second wife was Christina daughter to Adolphus Duke also of Holsatia who bare to him 1 Christina who lived not long 2 Gustavus Adolphus the illustrious and victorious king of Sweden and born in anno 1594 Decemb. 9. 3. Mary Elizabeth 1596. who in the yeare 1612. was marryed to Iohn an hereditary Prince of the kingdome and Duke of Ostrogothia 4. Charles Philippe a hereditary Prince and Duke of Sudermania Nericia and Vermelandia 1601. He dyed in Livonia unmarried CHAP. X. Of the Noble Illustrious and invincible Prince great Gustavus Adolphus the 2. King of Sweden Goths and Vandals c. and some of his Acts before his entring into Germany 148 GVstavus Adolphus 148 Gustavus Adolphus 2. borne the ninth of Decemb 1594. as said is being but of a tender age for the swaying of the scepter royall his father dying in 1611. he being then but 17. yeares of age was crowned in 1617. Considering then his young yeares and laying them in one scale and the waight of affaires lying on his shoulders in the other we may most iustly wonder and admire at Gods might and power in making him a sit instrument to effect such matters as I doubt not but after-ages shall admire the same In the yeare 1620. he marryed Mary Elinor sister to the illustrious Prince George William Marquis of Brandenburg one of the Princes Electors of the sacred Empire who although she bare him some children yet lived they not long In the yeare 1624. she bare him a daughter 1. Christina but dyed