Selected quad for the lemma: daughter_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
daughter_n	henry_n	king_n	mary_n	6,135	5	9.0678	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09559	The Spanish pilgrime: or, An admirable discouery of a Romish Catholicke Shewing how necessary and important it is, for the Protestant kings, princes, and potentates of Europe, to make warre vpon the King of Spaines owne countrey: also where, and by what meanes, his dominions may be inuaded and easily ruinated; as the English heretofore going into Spaine, did constraine the kings of Castile to demand peace in all humility, and what great losse it hath beene, and still is to all Christendome, for default of putting the same in execution. Wherein hee makes apparant by good and euident reasons, infallible arguments, most true and certaine histories, and notable examples, the right way, and true meanes to resist the violence of the Spanish King, to breake the course of his designes, to beate downe his pride, and to ruinate his puissance.; Traicte paraenetique. English.		1625 (1625)	STC 19838.5; ESTC S118337	107,979	148

touching your incredulitie and the opinion which you haue that the loue of a mans countrey doth easily deceiue them and make the remedie of their miseries and seruitude to seeme easie surely wee may with good reason call this incredulitie a blind ●nueiglement and darknesse of vnderstanding and therefore I come once againe to say as I haue sayd and I doe againe and againe aduise you That to send a good and well conducted Armie into Spaine or other parts of his Dominions will be the onely meane to resist and withstand the enemie to breake the course of his designes to beat downe his pride and to destroy his puissance And albeit that this may well be granted to follow by that which hath beene aboue spoken yet I will proue it by one other example onely which being most true maketh very much to our intended purpose Henry Count of Trastamara The Histories of Castise Portugall England c. the bastard sonne of Alphonsus the Iusticier by the aide of the French had slaine the King Don Pedro his lawfull brother Of this Peter there remayned two daughters The youngest Isabel espoused Edmond de Langley the fifth sonne of Edward the third King of England This Edmond hauing gotten sundry victories in fau●ur of the Portugals who accompanied him against the Castillians in Spaine did manage those affaires with such prudence and wisdome that he constrayned the sayd Henry King of Castile to accept and receiue of Fernand King of Portugall who was in a manner brought to vtter destruction both he and his whole Realme such conditions of peace as were most ignominious and dishonourable and very preiudiciall both to himselfe his vassalls and subiects In regard of which his notable deedes and deserts the said Edmond was afterwards made Duke of Yorke by Richard the second King of England his Nephew the sonne of Edward the Blacke Prince his eldest brother in a Parliament holden at Westminster in the yere of Christ 1386. Of these two Edmond and Isabell descended the Queene of England likewise named Isabell The other daughter being the eldest of King Peter and called Constance espoused Iohn of Gaunt the fourth brother of the sayd Edmond both by father and mother and Duke of Lancaster by his first wife Blanche who had by him Henry the fourth afterwards King of England and two daughters of which the eldest Philip was Queene of Portugall the wife of Ivan the Bastard Of John of Gaunt and Constance was borne one onely daughter called Katherine of whom we shall hereafter make further mention The said John of Gaunt in regard of his wife Constance did entitle himselfe King of Castile and Leon Guaribay lib. 15. cap. 25. and for the obtayning of his right to that Kingdome hee passed from Gascoigne which was then vnder the Dominion of the English into Spaine with eighteene thousand footmen and two thousand horse where with the aide of the Portugals who were his good friends he tooke the Groigne From thence he went into Portugal out of which he entred into Castile marching euen to the Citie of Burgos which was distant from the place of his departure more then a hundred and twentie Leagues The entry and inuasion of the English with the Portugals into Castile And from the time of his first arriuall he tooke and made himselfe Lord of all the Cities Townes and Castles which hee found in his way besides such as being farther off did come to render and yeeld themselues for very feare and terror And he might easily haue passed on much further if his people had not died who by reason of their disorder which they kept and by their ill rule and demeaning of themselues were oppressed with extreame famine whereof ensued this plague and pestilence amongst them And they were reduced to such necessitie of Victuals The amitie of the French and English out of their owne Countreyes that they were constrayned to haue recourse euen to the Campe of their enemies where then was in fauour of the King Iohn of Castile Lewes Duke of Burbon accompanied with the French forces of whom they demaunded reliefe for the sustentation of their poore and wretched liues The which being perceiued by John the Bastard then elected King of Portugall he complayned to the Duke of Lancaster telling him that he held it not good nor conuenient that his souldiers should goe to entreat with the enemie affirming that these might more endomage him then the others and that therefore he should immediately recall them and forbid them to haue any communication conference or parley with any of the contrary party otherwise that hee would fight against them altogether The valour of Iohn the Bastard King of Portugall Thomas Walsingham and would cause them all to be put to the sword the one for the loue of the other Thomas Walsingham an English Historiographer doth set it downe in these very words and he sayth that the King of Portugall had then with him foure thousand Portugals well armed Some haue esteemed the saying of this Historiographer as very ridiculous or as a meere Brauado onely The valour of the Portugals but they are much deceiued for these foure thousand Portugals hauing their King for their Chiefetaine and Leader had beene sufficient to defeat twentie thousand Castillians The same King with fiue thousand An Historie worthie the marking and so many Portugals and a hundred and fiftie Englishmen did defeat the said Iohn King of Castile both of them being present in person in the battaile of Aljibarot and put him to flight hauing with him foure and thirtie thousand fighting men of the which died vpon the place twelue thousand and there were of prisoners ten thousand taken by foure thousand and so many Portugals and a thousand Englishmen who remained masters of the field for there died in the fight about a thousand Portugals and fiue hundred English who fought as if they had beene Lyons About the same time Don Nunalvres Pereira This Historie is well worthie the marking the battell was called the battel of Valverde Constable of Portugall with three thousand footmen and a thousand horse defeated fiue and twentie thousand Castillians and slew and tooke the principall and chiefe men of Castile The same King before that he came to reigne and afterwards had many victories vpon his enemies no lesse admirable then that other insomuch that a certaine Nobleman of Castile being in speech one day and deuising with his King which was the said John he sayd vnto him Sir I cannot conceiue the cause why the King of Portugall with so few men hath so often vanquished you seeing that you haue alwayes had fiue or six against one of them The King answered him The cause is for that the King of Portugall doth fight against me being accompanied with his children and I combat against him being accompanied with my subiects I am King and Lord of Castile and hee is King and Lord of the

Portugals Euen so did the valiant Alphonsus Henriques the first King of Portugall begin to entitle himselfe King and Lord of the Portugals An honorable testimonie of the loyaltie of the Portugals This valour of the Portugals was not then at that time onely but it hath still continued euen to this day for wee our selues haue seene in the yeere 1580. how the King Don Anthonio with lesse then fiue thousand footmen Portugals being but euen nouices in Armes and young souldiers did defend himselfe for many dayes against more then twentie thousand old souldiers of the Duke de Alna In the yeere following on the fiue and twentieth of Iuly being S. James his day Scipio de Figueiredo de Vasconcelles a Gentleman whose valour and fidelitie is well knowne and of whom there is often mention made in Histories being Gouernour of the Iles of Assores hee defended himselfe in plaine field with lesse then foure hundred Portugals against more then a thousand Castillians whom Don Petro de Valdes had made to take land in the I le of Terceras neere to the citie of Angra The Portugals were no souldiers but mechanicall persons handycrafts men and labourers and amongst them there were not ten Gentlemen for the Gouernour had left them in the Towne for the defence and gouernment thereof The Castillians were old souldiers amongst whom as is reported there were two hundred men who had beene Commanders in Armies of Castile and they fought from foure houres after morning till foure of the night at which time they caused a great quantitie of Kine to be driuen downe from the Mountaines with the which they brake the rankes and order of the Castillians to the intent they might come to handy-strokes with them and by this stratageme comming to the sword A good stratageme they ouerthrew them Some of the said Castillians saued themselues by swimming many were drowned and there were buried by iust account 875. A notable victorie of the Portugals vpon the Castillians Conestagio 8. fol. 234. pag. 1. Of the Portugals were slaine by the hand of their enemies fifteene and by the fall of a wall sixe and some hurt The famous Conestagio doth recount this Historie otherwise but falsely howbeit that hee confesseth that there were slaine sixe hundred Castillians and thirtie Portugals But I haue heard what passed in this encounter of many Gentlemen Spaniards my countreymen who were present at it and especially of one that was borne in Valentia named Don Gasper who saued himselfe by Sea being sore hurt and of a Drumme that was a Castillian and of a Portugall borne in Villa Vicosa the which two onely had their liues saued being found vpon the Sea-shore after the heat of the fight was past There died one of the nephewes of the Duke de Alua and one of the nephewes of the Marquesse de Santa Cruce and a nephew of the aboue-named Don Pedro de Valdes and that renowned Philip Hartada an Arragonnois and seuentie more of such as were the eldest brethren of sundry good Houses of whom a good part were neere neighbours to Salamanca To be briefe there died all the flower of Castile for that they seeing how Portugall was yeelded vnto them so easily and hauing heard that the Iles were very rich and that the East Indie Fleet was like to fall into their hands and being allured with the late sacke of the suburbes of Lisbon which was valued at three Millions they had embarked themselues for this seruice as cheerefully as if they had beene going to a Wedding This is a thing well knowne that foure or fiue young Portugals from betweene eighteene and twentie yeeres of age did at Lisbon with their Swords and Cloakes onely make no account of a dozen of Castillians By these reasons men may vnderstand that that which Walsingham sayth is not a ridiculous thing much lesse a Brauado But returne wee to that wee had in hand Within a few dayes after there came certaine Embassadours to the Duke of Lancaster sent from the King of Castile who in all humilitie did demaund to haue peace but the Duke would not hearken vnto them Notwithstanding hunger and the pestilence constraining him to retyre into Portugall to the Towne of Trancoso they came againe to seeke him out being sent thither vnto him the second time by the said John King of Castile with their former request shewing vnto the Duke by many good reasons and arguments the great profit which would ensue of a good peace made betweene them The Castilian demandeth peace of the Duke of Lancaster in all humilitie Thereupon did the Duke giue them audience and in the end did accord to their demand howbeit that it was full sore against his will First because he was giuen to vnderstand that the King of Portugall was willing to haue it so And secondly which in effect was the thing that did most vrge him because he was aduertised that the troubles and warres began afresh betweene the French and the English and that there were certaine Seditions growne in England by reason whereof hee should not be able to haue any fresh succours from thence The Castilian constrained to receiue conditions to his disaduantage whereof it seemed he had then great want and the mortalitie which was in his Armie did now threaten him that hee should haue need of a further supply The accord therefore was made betweene the King and the Duke in this sort That Henry the eldest sonne of Iohn named Prince of Castile should espouse Katherine the onely daughter of the said Duke and of Constance his wife and that they two should succeed in the Realmes of Castile and Leon and other his Seigniories That the King should endow both the Mother and the Daughter as he did giuing to the Mother the Citie of Guadalaiara Medina del Campo and Ouiedo and afterwards being with her in the said Towne of Medina he gaue her Hueta also and to the daughter for her Dowrie hee gaue the Esturies making and naming her Princesse and his sonne Prince of Esturie And from that time forward the eldest sonne of the Castillian King hath alwayes borne and had the surname of this Principalitie as of Dauphine in France the Dolphin Besides it was couenanted That he should giue vnto the Duke sixe hundred thousand Franks of Gold for his returne into England and fortie thousand Franks of yeerely rent during the liues of him and his wife Iohn of Castile accepted all these conditions and that very gladly for albeit he had France and the Frenchmen also on his side and the King of Arragon likewise with whose sister hee had beene marryed of whom was borne the said Prince Don Henry and Fernand who was afterward king of Arragon All Spaine with the succors of France against Portugal which gained notwithstanding against all right and equitie and to the preiudice of the true and lawfull heires and had also Charles the third king of Nauarre to his

all Spaine and France it selfe also and it may be hee would not otherwise haue failed to haue sent a good part of those forces euen for England at the least for Ireland Portugall the principal cause of all the warres By those last words aboue vsed by the King and the former recited examples may be easily discouered not onely the ingratitude of this peruerse and vn pleasing Catholike but wee may also collect and gather that Portugall is the principall cause of so many warres so many murthers and mischaunces and that if the same were wrung out of the hands and power of this tyrant the most Christian King and the other Princes of Christendome should dwell in peace the Potentates and common wealths of Europe should be in rest the Cardinals at Rome should not be at his direction nor the elections of the Popes at his will and pleasure ouer the which he doth so tyrannize that in each of them he maketh himselfe the first person and as the saying is preferreth himselfe before the holy Ghost There is neuer any election of a Pope How Philip doth germandise the elections of the Cardinals and Popes but he nameth some three foure or fiue persons to the end that the Conclaue of Cardinals should choose one of them was there euer seene greater impudency or presumption that a mortall man should dare vsurpe Gods office Ha most Christian King it is the part of your Maiesty to defend and maintaine the soueraigne and chiefe Bishops they are in their possession to be defended and preserued by the most Christian Kings of France and to that end haue they endowed them with so great priuiledges liberties and prerogatiues Banish therefore and driue away Sir this monster breake the head of this Serpent tame this Lyon and deliuer the Church from this so tyrannicall seruitude and hard captiuitie Restore vnto your pupils their wonted peace and liberty to the intent they may with hardinesse chastise the euill and vicious and without feare reward the good and vertuous How often haue the soueraigne Bishops desired to honour and doe good to some persons in recompence of their vertues and merits and to correct others for their vices and haue not beene able to performe either the one or the other Oftentimes against their wils haue the Popes permitted the wicked to triumph and more often haue they consented that the good should endure afflictions Who did better deserue to be made a Cardinall if I may not say Pope then that famous learned man Doctor Martin Aspilcueta of Nauarre Martin Aspilcueta a Nauarrois whose memory shall be eternall both for his doctrine and for his holinesse and vertue Neuerthelesse onely because Philip could not abide him for defending against him the cause of that reuerend Prelate Don. Fra. Bartholmew Carrance Fra. Bartholmew Carrance Archbishop of Toledo a religious person of the order of S. Dominicke Archbishop of Toledo and for maintaining also with many and strong reasons that the Portugals ought of right to choose their King by election and for prouing by most firme and infallible arguments that his Catholike Maiesty did possesse the Realme of Portugall by vniust and tyrannicall title was therefore thrust out of all and dyed in the estate of a poore and simple Priest Who did euer in all reason deserue better or more worthily to be strangled and burnt then N and yet because Philip would haue it so hee liueth still and triumpheth Wherefore most humbly I beseech both your Maiesties euen for the honour of GOD wherein your selues haue more interest then any other that you would vouchsafe to attend this matter of so great importance and that you would vndertake to leuy and make ready a good Armie to passe into Spaine and to consider withall how great is the prudence the industry and subtilty of this common enemy that your Maiesty would regard his actions his ambition and his tyranny that you would awaken and grow to a resolution knowing that you haue so great a tyrant to your Neighbour as of himselfe alone is greater then all others that euer were or which now are in the World Tyranny as natural to Ph●lip as is laughter to a man all of them set together and who hath gotten like his predecessors all that which he possesseth by pure and plaine tyranny which is indeede so proper and naturall vnto him and doth belong vnto him as properly and vnseparably as laughter doth to a man Giue me leaue I p●ay you to proue that which I speake by most cleere and certaine Histories to the intent I may take away all occasion from those who are addicted to ill speaking and to deceitfull dealing to thinke or take me for a lyar for this that I say may be verified by all the Historiographers of Spaine both ancient and moderne which are worthy to be credited or haue any truth in them some of which doe liue yet at this day and it is no long time since they made their workes and imprinted them with the fauour and at the costs and charges of the said Philip. And this I will endeuour to proue as briefly as I can and I will shew how in all the Realmes and Prouinces which the King Catholike possesseth in Spaine whereof I my selfe being a Spaniard doe know somewhat hee possesseth and holdeth them by tyranny committed many times and often And for as much as to proue that which I intend it shall suffice to touch onely that which hath happened since the 380 yeeres last past I will not speake of any thing that hath befalne before the yeere of Christ 1217. Castile tyrannized ●he first time Henry King of Castile the sonne of Alphonsus the noble dying left his eldest sister Blaunch Queene of France which was the mother of S. Lewes who was then but two yeeres old Garibay lib. 22. cap 41. and his Father who was not yet King of France was occupied in the warres of England whither hee was called by them of that land against their King called King John who was reputed for a tyrant Henrie being dead as is sayd his youngest sister named Berangera the wife of Alphonsus King of Leon with her sonne Fernand encroched vpon the possession of the Realme of Castile and vsurped it against the right of the sayd Blanch her eldest sister and consequently against the sayd S. Lewes her nephew Fernand being dead Alphonsus his eldest sonne called Emperour of the West because some of the Electors of the Empire had elected him whereas the residue had chosen Richard the brother of Henrie the third King of England made an accord with the sayd S. Lewes the cousen German of his father touching the succession of Castile in this manner That Fernand the eldest sonne of Alphonsus should e●pouse Blanch the daughter of the sayd S. Lewes with condition that the children borne of that marriage should inherit Castile Of them twaine were issued Alphonsus and Fernand who were

depriued of their right by Sancho their Vncle the yonger brother of their father Fernand Castile tyrannized the 2. time and ●eon the first time who died hauing the gouernment of the Realme of Castile and Leon in the absence of his sayd father Alphonsus which then was gone into Italy there to sollicit his friends and to make meanes for the Empire As soone as Fernand was dead the sayd Sancho tooke vpon him the gouernment Ierom Gudiel in the History of the Girons Garib lib 13. cap. 16. getting the possession of many cities and towns in Castile against the will of Alphonsus his father who dying at Seuill vpon a friday the 2. of Aprill 1284. cursed his sonne Sancho calling him disobedient rebellious vsurper and a tyrant and pronounced and named for the true and right heires of his Realmes and Seigniories his grand-children Alphonsus and Fernand and in case they should die without children then Philip the hardie King of France his cousine German remoued the sonne of the sayd S. Lewes his Vncle. But neither the curses nor denuntiations of the father nor the feare of God could make Sancho to render or restore to the others their right but he still detained it and left for his heire his sonne Fernand the fourth of that name Alphonsus surnamed the Iusticier king of Castile the sonne of the sayd Fernand and the grand-child of Sancho amongst many tyrannous acts by him exercised is reported to haue committed one act most vnworthy not onely of a king but of a man euen of most vile and base condition for that it was an action full of notable treasons and infidelitie Don Iuan le Tuerto Lord of Biscay murthered For hauing inuited Don Iuan le Tuerto that is to say the squint eyed Lord of Biscay to dine with him he caused him most cruelly to be murthered in the yeare 1327. And albeit he had begun to discharge himselfe of this murther for a season yet he could not disguise nor couer his tyranny Gariba lib. 14 cap. 4. Biscay tyrannized for that afterwards hee caused him to bee condemned as a traitor and confifcated his lands and Seigniories and within a short time he seized vpon them all namely about a fourescore townes and castles The same Alphonsus caused Don Aluar Nugnes Osorio his Gouernour to be slaine who had before receiued of him many great honours and fauours and afterwards being as certained of his death which was in the yeare 1328 hee seized vpon all his liuings The Countie● de Trastamares vsurped The Countie thereof slaine Garib lib. 14. cap. 5. Castles and great Treasures and vpn the Countie de Trastamara and within a few dayes after he caused him to be condemned at Tordehumos as a traitor and hauing made him to bee digged vp out of his graue hee willed his body should bee burned and his goods confiscated Henrie the 2. a bastard sonne of this Alphonsus Count de Trastamara slue his brother Peter of whom we haue formerly spoken and possessed himselfe of the Realmes of Castile and Leon ●●●●e tyran●●●● 〈◊〉 third 〈◊〉 Leon 〈…〉 disinheriting his Neeces Constance and Jsabel who with a solemne oath had beene acknowledged Princesses and heires of Castile first by the estates assembled at Seuill to that end and purpose and afterwards at Albuberca 1363. And if it had beene true that these two sisters had no right in the said realmes because hee alledged them to be bastards by the same reason had the sayd Henrie much lesse right and interest in them for he was not only a bastard but murtherer also of his owne brother And in such like case was Fernand King of Portugall the great grand child of Sancho aboue named right inheritor to the said realmes as was the king Don Peter his cousine german remoued and cousin german also for Beatrix the mother of Peter was the sister of Peter the father of Fernand. For this cause Samora Toco Cindad-Rodrigo and other citties and townes of the realmes of Castile and Leon did call in the said Fernand and offered to receiue him for their king especially the realme of Galitia which was wholly resolued to render it selfe vnto him And for this reason did Fernand go in person to take possession of the Groigne The History of Fernand king of Portugall anno 1369. and he might as well haue seized vpon the other places and holds if the Portugalls would haue consented thereunto For they did purposely oppose themselues against the desire and will of their King for two reasons the first was because they had good tryall and experience that there wanted much of that valour in Fernand which was in the father and his auncestors the second was The Portugals haue an ill opinion of the Castilians because the Castilian Nation is so maligne and peruerse as the Portugals doe hold it for a maxime among themselues that it is dangerous to haue any thing to doe with them yea to haue any command ouer them as hath beene before touched And I say yet once againe that their nature is so maligne and peruerse that the venome and poyson thereof doth so spread it selfe abroad that they which are their next neighbours and borderers doe feele the reuerberation of their malignitie and malitious disposition insomuth The malignity of the Castilians that some of them when they leaue and abandon their owne countrey and doe withdraw themselues into strange and forraine lands are more wicked and malicious more dangerous and more to bee feared then the very Castilians themselues In the yeare 1474. after the death of Henrie the fourth king of Castile Jsabel the sister the wife of Fernand king of Arragon did most tyrannically get possession of the Realmes of Castile and Leon and of their other Seigniories excluding Jane the daughter of the sayd Henrie her brother who in the yeare 1461. had been acknowledged Princesse and inheritrix of the said Realmes for default of heire males in a full assembly of the three estates which were assembled to that end at Madrill by the commandement of her father And the first persons which tooke the oath of fidelitie and did so acknowledge her were the infant Don Alpho●sus and the sayd Isabel the brother and sister of the sayd king after whom all the residue did the like euery one in order according to their degrees And after that shee was againe the second time acknowledged Princesse and heire of the sayd Realmes in Val-de-Loçoia after diligent enquiry made vpon the legittimation of the sayd Princesse which was done by the Cardinall de Alby a Frenchman who to that effect was come into Castile by the commandement of King Lewes the eleuenth of France the which Cardinal in the presence of all the Princes and Lords of the Realme hauing caused the mother to be sworne and take her oath demanded of her if the Princesse Dame Jane her daughter were the daughter of the King her husband whereunto shee answered vpon

foretold and as it were prophecied as the prin●ipall counsellers of estate both in Fraunce in England can well testifie both all this which is come to passe in this behalfe and hath also foreshewed all that which hath beene lost in Fraunce and to what end and issue things will grow at the last if there be not some better order taken in these affaires And I beleeue that if they were demanded the question they will tell you how I haue passed away my time with as great griefe and discontentment as a man possibly might do to see the enemy daily to prosper and to waxe more proud and arrogant by your owne proper sufferance consent and wilfulnesse for this cause I am in a manner wholly resolued to leaue and abandon the conuersation of men to retire withdraw my selfe into some solitary mountaine Notwithstanding because I know and am acquainted with all that hath befalne for these 50 yeeres last past in the greatest part of Europe I doe therefore tell you as one that hath had experience of these matters that as yet you may recouer if you will all that which hitherto you haue lost and both deliuer your friends and bridle your enemies And you may take such order that the time to come shall be more happy and fortunate vnto you then the time already past hath beene And moreouer I doe assure you that sithens the losse of great part of Christendome wonne by the Turke the late losse of the most part of Germany the hereditary possession of the King of Bohemia all Switzerland with the great hazard of losing all the Netherlands who are now striuing for breath against the King of Spaines mighty powers now in the field which I for my part doe thinke to haue proceeded from the very hand of God as of your louing Father who by a fatherly loue doth chastise you to the end you should awaken you out of your security and negligence I haue beene euer since resolued to set downe in writing that which I haue so often pronounced by word of mouth to so many persons of speciall marke and quality before that euer they did entreat me thereunto And this is the cause that if this my writing doe not produce that publike good and that effect which I desire I protest that from henceforth I will for euer hold my peace and be silent Neuerthelesse I most humbly beseech your Christian Maiesties and all the Princes and Potentates of Europe and all the great Lords and Officers of the Crownes of England and of Fraunce that it would please you to descend into your selues and at your leisure according to your accustomed prudence and wisdome to consider that good fortune and felicity doth not consist so much in the conquest and subduing of great Seigniories and large dominions for the time present with an intent to leaue the same to your successors but rather to assure confirme and preserue them for the time to come to your children and posterity to the intent that when it shall please God to call you hence they may quietly and peaceably enioy them in peace and tranquility without any trouble disquiet or hinderance For it is a farre greater vertue to preserue and keepe that which is gotten then to get and purchase new things daily Non minor est virtus quàm quarere parta tuêri The poore Pilgrime beaten by Time and pesecuted by Fortune P. Ol. I am resolued to make warre vpon the Castillian wherein if you also will beare a part assure your selfe you may account me as one of your most faithfull and surest friends But if you once grow to any termes of peace and amity with him then seeke you some other with whom ye may deliberate vpon that matter AN EXPLICATION OF THE PILGRIME VPON THE PROVERB IF THE COCKErell had not come the Cock had not bene taken And of the loyaltie of Auila and Simanchas in Castile and of Celorico and the Castell of Coimbre in Portugall Item What the diuersitie is betweene the King of Castile and of Spaine and who they bee whom wee call Castillians and what is vnderstood by Cities and Townes HEnry the fourth King of Castile of whom wee haue before spoken being at the point of death If the Cockerel had not come the Cock had not beene taken named foure Executors of his Testament to gouerne the Realme after his death and to marrie his daughter the Ladie Iane two of which Executors to wit Don Aluaro de Estugniga Duke de Areualo and Don Diego Lapez Pacheco Marquis de V●llena ioyning with the Archbishop of Toledo named Don Alphonso Carrillo Don Bertrand de la Cueua Duke de Albuquerke the Maister of Calatraua Don Rodrigo Telles Giron Countie de V●egne Don Iohn Telles Giron hif brother Marquisse of Calis Don Alphonso de Aguilar and manie other great Lords with foureteene Cities of Castile sent vnto Don Alphonso the Affrican King of Portugall praying him that he would take to wife the said Queene Dame Iane the which the King of Portugall accepted against the willes and good liking of many of his Realmes who would not by any manner of meanes haue to doe nor meddle with the Castillians By reason of this mariage in the yeere 1475 Don Alphonso went into the Lands and Countrey of his said wife where he had many encounters and combats with Fernand King of Arragon the Husband of Jsabel the pretended Queene of Castile and with his people till such time as they encountered in the battell which was foughten neere the City of Toro The battell of Toro in March 1476 which was ordered in this manner the King Alphonso had made one Campe of the Lords and Nobles of the Realmes of Castile and Leon with some Portugals the Prince Don Juan his sonne who was come to the succours of his Father had made another Campe of his Portugals without any Castillians mingled amongst them The King Fernand made also two campes the one of the Castillians which tooke his part and his wiues and the other of Arragonois the Catalans the Valencians and such other peoples and Nations as were the subiects of his owne Realmes and Seigniories whereof himselfe was Lord and commaunder Fernand encountring with Alphonso defeated and ouercame him and hauing taken his Guidon royall made him forsake the field and to betake himselfe to flight But the Prince Don Iuan gaue in and charged so resolutely vpon the Castillians that he made them to flie and hauing slaine many of them vpon the place he tooke a great number of prisoners and himselfe remaining whole and entire with his Forces did with singular hardinesse and magnanimity assaile Ferdinand also the vanquisher of his Father and making him to flie did recouer againe the Guydon royall which the said Alphonso his Father had lost The History of Portugall saith that the Prince did great honour vnto a Knight which saued the said Guydon and gaue him an yeerely rent or annuity of

her oath that shee was Secondly the King which tooke the same oath and protested that he did fully beleeue and assure himselfe that this infant Dame Jane was his daughter and that in all certaintie hee had continually so taken and reputed her euer since she was borne and therefore he did wil and command that the oath of fidelitie and obeysance which was vsually accustomed to be taken in his Realmes and Dominions as due to the eldest of the Kings children Guarib lib. 17. cap. 2● should be made vnto her These are the very words of Steuen Guaribay Hierome Surite who is yet liuing doth rehearse this historie very plainely and distinctly in his generall history of Spain and how Henrie being ready to yeeld vp the Ghost Hierome Surite in the generall historie of Spaine did euen then maintaine that the said Iane was his daughter and that he commanded his Confessor openly to reuale it And the said Guaribay affirmeth that Henrie did confesse himselfe the space of a good hower before his soule departed from his body and that he being in good and perfect quietnesse of sense and of a sound and good memory after he had named the executors of his last will and testament and declared them for the Gouernors of this Realm and had giuen commandement that his seruants should be payd out of his treasures and iewels he named the said Princesse Iaene for the vniuersall heire of all his Realmes and dominions calling her by the name of his daughter and recommending her with all his affection to the sayd Gouernours By that which hath beene sayd appeareth clearely that the Realme of Castile in lesse then 258. yeares hath beene tyrannized foure times and that of Leon thrice and all the other Realmes and Seigniories likewise which are dependants of the same the which the king Philip possesseth euen at this present day by a most vniust wrongfull and tyrannicall title This also is one thing worthy to bee marked and which may be seene by the histories both of the same authours and of diuers others namely that when there hath happened any difference or disagreement vpon the sayd succession they which haue beene in possession haue altogether preuayled and made their title euen by the right of those very parties whom they haue dispossessed which is the greatest tyranny that can bee And that this may the better be perceiued I will alledge onely two examples Rodrigo Sanches Bishop of Palance recounteth In the life of Iohn the first king of Castile how Iohn the first King of Castile and Leon of whom wee haue before spoken seeing that John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster pretended the sayd Realmes of Castile and of Leon to appertaine vnto him for the reason heretofore alledged hee said in defence of his claime that the sayd Realmes did of right belong vnto him The cunning of Iohn the first king of Castile as being the sonne of Iane and the Grand-child of Don Iuan Emanuel and of his wife who was the daughter of Fernand de la Cerda the lawfull heire of the sayd Realmes because his brother Alphonsus was deceased without children and that for this cause hee did hold them with a good conscience and that he did not hold them from his father whom himselfe confessed to be a bastard The other example is like vnto the former For in a great assembly of Princes Lords and other principall personages held in the towne of Trogillo for the taking of the oath of fidelitie to Fernand the second king of Arragon The policy of Fernand the ●econd King of Arragon c. and Isabel his wise Queene of Castile the sayd Fernand pretended that hee had more right of himselfe then the sayd Isabel and that hee ought to be acknowledged as the true and principall heire of the sayd Realmes of Castile and Leon not as husband to the said Isabel but as discending in the right and lawfull line male of the kings his predecessors because hee was the sonne of John the grand-child of Fernand and the great grand-child of Iohn the first who on the side of his mother same Iane the grand daughter of Fernand de la Cerda as hath ●eene sayd was the true and rightfull heire of the said Realmes Jsabel knowing the intent and ambition of Fernand her husband resolued to bend and employ all her force and puissance for the maintaining of her right and for a reply to his speech she said That that which hee had spoken was to bee granted if women had not beene vsually admitted to the succession of those Realmes but seeing the custome was to the contrary therefore her said husband ought not to bee preferred and for proofe of that which she sayd she named certaine women which had succeeded to the said crownes amongst others Katherine the daughter of Constance and of Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster aboue mentioned where she did assure her selfe had beene admitted and receiued to that inheritance as the grand-daughter of her graund-father Peter and that Henrie the husband of the said Katherine her ancestors had right thereunto onely by meane of the said Katherine his wife For these reasons Jsabel was preferred before Fernand and she was acknowledged as the true heire of the said Realmes of Castile and Leon and he reputed to haue right onely as her husband and companion and not otherwise And this is it which Marin Sicilian speaketh of In this assembly of estates saith he Fernand seeing himselfe king and Lord of the most of two third parts of Spaine Marin Sicilian partly in his owne right and partly in his wiues and hauing there prefent all the Lords and Deputies of citties and townes which were their subiects he did endeuour by all meanes to cause himselfe to be entitled king of Spaine but those of that assembly would in no case yeeld their consent thereunto but to the vttermost of their power did oppose themselues against it and did thereupon giue vnto the kings of Castile a new title which Philip holdeth and retaineth at this day hauing augmented those Realmes and Seigniories which both the said Fernand and Charles the 5. his father did successiuely vsurpe each after other The Translator Philip Caried on with the same winde of ambition as were his great grand father and his father Philip caried away with the ambition of his ancestor causeth himselfe to be called king of Spaine vpon an exceeding desire which hee had to vsurpe this title of King of Spaine and seeing that the Realmes of Spaine would not accord nor agree that he should so entitle himselfe and that in the assembly of estates which he held in Portugall in the yeare 1581. within the towne of Toma● it was expressely defended him and that himselfe had taken a so●emne oath neuer more from thenceforth to take it vpon him neuertheles he caused for all that like a notable tyrant certaine monies which he coined in the Indies and in Flanders to

of Pisa and many learned personages haue adiudged it to Katherine Dutchesse of Bragancia in Portugall The sonnes of Katherin Dutchesse of Bragancia 1. The Duke Theodosius 2. Edward 3. Alexander 4. Philip. the lawfull daughter of the Infant Don Edward brother to the mother of his Catholike Maiesty which Katherine is at this day yet liuing and hath foure sonnes good and sound Catholikes learned wise goodly and couragious Gentlemen and two o● three daughters And the Vniuersity of Pauy hath adiudged it to Raynuncio now at this present Duke of Parma the sonne of Mary the eldest sister of the said Katherine the said Mary being deceased a long time before her Vncle Henry I suppose that I haue most cleerely and sufficiently shewed the tyranny which all Spaine hath endured and suffered vnder the predecessors of King Philip the Catholike and as for that which the West Indies hath suffered vnder himselfe as also all the rest whereof hee doth write himselfe Lord by what title and pretence they haue beene gotten it is well knowne euen to the little children who doe openly cry and speake of it in the streetes and both Naples Sicily Millan Vtreich Guelders Zutphen and other the Prouinces of the Low Countries and the Countries of high Almaine all which haue beene tyrannized by him and his Auncestors doe manifestly proue and verifie it so that it seemeth vnto me that I haue made good and sufficient proofe by these Histories and examples that tyranny is the first and principall heritage of his Catholike Maiesty euen of Don Philip of Austria and that it is as proper and naturall vnto him as laughter is vnto a man and that it belongeth vnto him properly and inseparably Wherefore now that wee haue made knowne his tyranny me thinketh it would not be amisse nor impertinent to our purpose most Christian Kings to entreat somewhat touching his cruelty for asmuch as Spaine did neuer yet find his like or equall as the flesh and bloud thereof hath too too well tried and had the experience All Bookes all men and euen his owne mischieuous and wicked actions Of the cruelty of King Philip. doe euery where yeeld open and abundant testimonies of his cruelty If Iulius Caesar as it is reported of him were cause of the death of more then a million of men they which haue beene acquainted with the cariage behauiour of this tyrant will confesse that he hath been the death and destruction of a farre greater number Caesar was extreamely grieued to see Pompey his enemy dead And as Antigonus when his sonne Alcinous presented him with the head of Pyrrhus slaine at the entry of the City of Argos did sharpely reproue him Plutarch Filiumque nefarium barbarum vocauit calling him a wicked and barbarous sonne so Caesar in imitation of his example seeing the signet and the ring of Pompey did of pure compassion fall a weeping in so much as he was resolued to make warre vpon Ptolomey because he had slaine Pompey traiterously and hee did so much that hee caused him in the end to be the instrument of his owne death See hereafter Philip on the contrary doth not onely not grieue at the death of his seruants friends cousens nephewes brother sonne and wife but hee doth reioyce and triumph at the same yea he doth procure and aduance it giuing great summes of money excessiue rewards and great honours vnto the executioners and ministers of his cruelty and for the satisfying of his pernicious ambition when there is any thing whatsoeuer be it neuer so little that toucheth him he maketh no exception of persons be it Pope Nuncio Bishop Monke or other Ecclesiasticall person hee poysoneth them all without feare of God or shame of man The Translator Of his seruants and friends he hath caused to be made away the Counties of Egmont and of Horne the Lord Mountigny and the Marquesse of Bergues with many other Noblemen and Gentlemen whose bloud is yet fresh in remembrance the Prince of Orange Marke Anthony Colonna Don Iohn de la Nuca great Justicier of Arragon the Duke de Villa Hermosa the Marquesse de Fuentes Don Iohn de Luna c. his Cousin the Emperour Maximilian his Nephewes by his Sisters Don Sebastian King of Portugall and Don Alexander Farnese Duke of Parma Don Iohn Duke of Bragantia his brother Don Iohn de Austria his sonne the Prince Charles his eldest sonne his wife Isabel Sister to the three last Kings of France deceased Pope Sixtus the fift Alexander Formenti Nuntio in Portugall sent thither by Pope Gregory the 13. as he was on his returne towards Rome in his passage through Castile The Archbishop of Toledo Of Bishops Monkes and Ecclesiasticall persons Don Bartholmew Carrance Archb. of Toledo of whom we haue lately spoken being his owne master a man of so great authority and excellency that by the space of many yeeres Spain hath not brought forth his like This good Catholike was the cause of his imprisonment so strict and so long as all the world knoweth this good Christian in imitatiō of Nero did persecute this personage with most notable hatred and rigour till such time as for verie griefe and sorrow he died at Rome the Doctor Frier Hector Pinto Prouinciall of the order of S. Ierome in Portugall and ordinary professour of the holy Scriptures in the Vniuersitie of Coimbre whose great learning is sufficiently witnessed by the most godly and graue writings which he hath sent into the world being imprisoned in Portugall by the commandement of his Catholike Maiestie some of his friends who were well affectioned to the Castilian partie did earnestly intreat and perswade him to retract and recant that which he had publikely read and preached and to declare that his said Maiestie was lawfull heire of the said Realme of Portugall the which he would not doe notwithstanding all the prayers and perswasions of his said friends to whom he made this answer That which I haue sayd I haue sayd true it is Hector Pinto his speech touching King Philip his vsurpation of Portugall that Philip hath not any right in the succession of this Crowne but inuading and intruding vpon the same in such sort as he hath done without staying till the cause were lawfully and orderly heard and decided he hath committed violence and tyrannie and therefore J for my part doe not acknowledge him for my king but rather for a tyrant and vsurper Whereupon his friends gaue him to vnderstand that this would be a verie dangerous thing for him to maintaine for said they they will leade you away into Castile bound hand and foote and fettered in iron and there wil they make you languish away in misery and in the end th re to die without all hope euer to see Portugall againe Whereunto he answered Little doth that trouble me howbeit that it be an extreme griefe vnto mee to end my daies out of my deare countrey and that