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A02858 The life, and raigne of King Edward the Sixt Written by Sr. Iohn Hayward Kt. Dr. of Lawe. Hayward, John, Sir, 1564?-1627.; Vaughan, Robert, engraver. 1630 (1630) STC 12998; STC 12997a.5; ESTC S122951 125,151 202

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and maintained the s●…cond to be cured and relecued and the third to be chastised and reduced to good order When this was 〈◊〉 to the King he gau●… to the Citie for education and maintenance of the first sort of poore the Gray-Friers Church neere Newgate-market with all the reuenues there to belonging for cure and releefe of the second ●…ort he gaue Saint Bartholomewes neere 〈◊〉 for correction of the third hee appoin●…ed his house at Bride●…ell the ancient Mansion of many English King●… and which not long before had beene repaired and beautified by Henry the ●…ighth for the entertainment of the great Emperour Charles the fifth for increase of 〈◊〉 of their places together with the new re-edified Hospitall of Saint Thomas in Southwork the King gaue seuen hundred and fifty markes yearely out of the rents of the Hospitall of Saint Iohn Baptist or the Sauoy with all the bedding and furniture at that time belonging to that place and when the charter of this gift was pr●…sented vnto him with a blanke space for lands to be afterwards receiued in Mortm●…ine to a yearly valew without further licence the King presently with his owne hand filled vp the void space with these words foure thousand markes by yeare this done with reueren●… gesture and speech he thanked God for prolonging his life to finish that businesse and so hee was the first Founder of those three pious workes which by many additions are now growne to be the most absolute and famous of that kinde in Europe The Kings sicknesse daily increased and so did the Duke of Northumberlands diligence about him for he was little absent from the King and had alwayes some well assured to espie how the state of his health changed euery houre and the more ioyfull hee was at the heart the more sorrowfull appearance did he outwardly make whether any tokens of poyson did appeare reports are various certainly his Physitians discerned an inuincible malignitie in his disease and the suspition did the more increase for that the complaint being chiefly from the lights a part as of no quicke sense so no seat for any sharpe disease yet his sicknesse towards the end grew highly extreme but the Duke regarded not much the muttering multitude knowing right well that rumours grow stale and vanish with time and yet somewhat either to abate or delay them for the present hee caused speeches to be spread abroad that the King was well recouered in health which was readily beleeued as most desired to be true Hereupon all persons expressed ioy in their countenance and speech which they inlarged by telling the newes to others whom they incountred who haply had heard it often before and as the report increased so there with increased also the ioy Thus whilest euery men beleeued and no man knew it was made more credible by religious persons who openly in Churches gaue publike thankes for the Kings recouery But when the speech of his danger was againe reuiued and as in newe it happeneth the more stopped the more increased to the worse then as if the second time he had beene lost the people did immoderatly breake forth into passions complaining that for this cause his two Vncles had beene taken away for this cause the most faithfull of his Nobilitie and of his Councell were disgraced and remoued from Court this was the reason that such were placed next his person who were most assuredly disposed either to commit or permit any mischiefe that then it did appeare that it was not vainly coniectured some yeares before by men of iudgement and fore-sight that after Somersets death the King should not long enioy his life To qualifie these and some broader speeches it was thought conuenient that the King sometimes should shew himselfe abroad albeit little either with his pleasure or for his health yet a thing which in long consuming sicknesses euen to the last period of life men are often able to doe Whilest the King remained thus grieuously sicke diuers notable mariages were solemnized at once in Durham place The Lord Guldford fourth sonne to the Duke of Northumberland married Lady Iane the Duke of Suffolkes eldest daughter by Frances daughter to Mary second sister to King Henry the eighth also the Earle of Pembrokes eldest sonne married the Lady Katherine the Duke of Suffolkes eldest daughter by the said Lady Frances who then was liuing and Martin Kayes Gentleman Porter married Marie the third daughter of the Duke of Suffolke by the said Lady Frances lastly the Lord Hastings sonne to the Earle of Huntington tooke to wife Katherine youngest daughter to the Duke of Northumberland hereupon the common people vpon a disposition to interpret all Northumberlands actions to the worst left nothing vnspoken which might serue to st●…rre their hatred against the Duke or pitie towards the King but the Duke was nothing moued herear for being equally obstinate both in purpose and desire and mounting his hopes aboue the pitch of reason he resolued then to dissemble no longer but began openly to play his game For albeit the Lady Iane married to his fourth sonne had not right to the succession of the Crowne for that shee was excluded first by the two Ladies Mary and Elizabeth daughters of King Henry the eighth next by the issue of Lady Margret married into Scotland eldest sister to King Henry the eighth lastly by her owne mother the Ladie Frances who then was liuing yet Northumberland sottishly mad with ouer great fortune procured the King by his Letters Patents vnder the great Seale of England to appoint the Lady Iane to succeed him in the inheritance of the Crowne in this contriuance he vsed the aduice of two especially Lord chiefe Iustice Montague who drew the Letters Patents and Secretary Cecil these furnished the Patent with diuers reasons whereof some were of Law and some of policie in State The pretensions of Law were these that albeit the Crowne of the Realme by an Act of the fiue and thirtieth of King Henry the eighth was in default of his issue of his body and of the body of Edward his sonne lawfully begotten limited to remaine to the Lady Mary his eldest daughter and to the heires of her body lawfully begotten and in default of such issue the remainder thereof to the Lady Elizabeth his second daughter and to the heires of her body lawfully begotten vnder such conditions as should be limited by the said King vnder his Letters Patents vnder the great Seale or by his last Will in writing signed with his hand yet because the said limitations were made to persons illegitimate both the marriages betweene King Henry the eighth and their seuerall mothers being vndone by sentences of diuorce and the seuerall diuorcements ratified by authoritie of Parliament in the eight and thirtieth yeare of King Henry the eighth which Act remained then in force both the Lady Mary and the Lady Elizabeth were thereby disabled to claime the Crowne or any honours or hereditaments as heires
to King Edward the sixth or any other person And againe the said two Ladies Mary and Elizabeth being but of the halfe bloud to King Edward albeit they had beene borne in lawfull matrimony yet by the ancient Lawes of the Realme they were not inheritable to him by descent and had no capacitie in any degree to receiue any inheritance from him The reasons or pretexts of necessitie to the State were these In case the Ladie Mary and the Lady Elizabeth should enioy the Crowne they would assuredly ioyne in marriage with some stranger who would reduce this noble and free Realme into the seruitude of the Bishop of Rome and thereby bring in forren customes and Lawes abolishing those whereupon the rights of all natiue subiects depend and haply the whole body of the Realme should hereby be annexed as a member to some other greater Kingdome to the vtter subuersion of the ancient dignitie and Estate thereof the people were not vnlike to elect a King of some priuate Stocke a popular and seditious man peraduenture one who to countenance his own vnworthinesse and obscurity would little regard what contumely he cast vpon the falling Family of the Kings before him wherefore he held it the most prouident aduice that the King by his authoritie should designe not only his next Successour but others also in reuersion that the Crowne might not be subiect to risling but remaine to those whom hee loued and who humoured him best These reasons did more easily sinke into the Kings iudgement partly by meanes of the great affection which he bare to the Religion that he had established of the change wherof he was assuredly perswaded in case the Lady Mary his sister should succeed and partly by reason of the entire loue hee bare to his Cosin the Ladie Iane a woman of most rare ●…nd incomparable perfections For besides her excellent beautie adorned with all varietie of vertues as a cleere skie with starres as a princely Diadem with Iewels shee was most deare to the King in regard both of her religion and of her education in the knowledge of the liberall Sciences and skill in Languages for in Theologie in Philosophie in all liberall Arts in the Latine and Greeke tongues and in the Vulgar Languages of diuers neere Nations shee farre exceeded all of her sex and any of her yeares vnlesse haply the King himselfe Hereupon the King consented that Letters Patents should be drawne importing that in case the King should die without issue of his bodie lawfully begotten then the Imperiall Crowne of England and Ireland with his title to the Crown of France and all things to them belonging should remaine and come to the eldest sonne of the Ladie Frances daughter to the Ladie Mary youngest sister to Henry the eighth in case such issue should be borne into the world during the life of King Edward and after to the heires male of the said issue and in like sort from sonne to sonne of the said Ladie Frances lawfully begotten as they should be in prioritie of birth and borne during the Kings life and in default of such sonnes and of heires male of euery such sonne lawfully begotten that then the said Crowne and all the pro●… should remaine and come to the Lady Iane eldest daughter to the said Ladie Frances and the heires males of her lawfully begotten and for default of such issue the said Crowne to remaine to the Lady Katherine second daughter to the said Lady Frances with diuers other remainders ouer which as they were vainly appointed so are they needlesse to be repeated These Letters were dated the one and twentieth of Iune in the seuenth yeare of King ●…dwards raign and by him signed when he was in great debilitie of body and afterwards passed vnder the g●…eat Seale of England And albeit the course contriuance was almost visible first for that such prouision was made for the Issue male of the said Lady Frances who neither at that time had any and was commonly rep●…ted to be past yeares of child-bearing secondly for that in case that beyond the ordinary course of nature she should conceiue the hope was desperate that the King should liue vntill the birth Lastly for that her children borne and to be borne were so carefully and orderly remembred and no mention made of herselfe from whom their title must be deriued yet these Letters were subscribed by all the Priuic Counsellours the greatest part both of number and power of the Nobilitie of the Realme the Bishops the Kings learned Councell and all the Iudges at the Common Law except only Sir Iames Holles one of the Iustices of the Common Pleas a man well obserued to be both religious and vpright who worthily refused to subscribe and was vnworthily requited by Queene Mary afterwards It is very like that some of these were guided with respect of their particular interest for that they were possessed of diuers lands which once pertained to Monasteries Chantries and other religions houses not long before dissolued of these they held themselues in some danger to lose in case religion should change to the ancient forme which by succession of Queene Mary they did euidently fore-see Others were drawne partly by feare and partly by obligation to the Duke of Northumberland who then was exceeding poten●… and almost absolute in gouernment of the State and supposed able to make any title good either by his authoritie or by his sword Now whether a King may lawfully dispose by his will or otherwise of a Kingdome that hath beene long carried in one forme of succession contrary to that ancient forme I haue largely discoursed in my History of the three Norman Kings about the beginning of the raigne of King William the second but certaine it is that when kingdomes haue customably beene ●…ried by right of succession according to 〈◊〉 of bloud the violation of which course hath alwayes beene either very vaine or with dangerous consequence it hath alwayes beene like the breaking of a ban●… which holdeth a sheafe of arrowes together like a rupture in bankes which bindeth a riuer within its proper channell or like a casting downe of a pale wherewith deere o●… other beasts are inclosed It was neuer done but either no effect ensued or bloudle disorders or haply both and the Duke by piercing his ambitious purposes with his vniust policie did no otherwise than often doth a foolish greedie gameste●… who by stealing a card to win a stake forfeits the whole rest But hauing thus in his owne opinion assured his owne deuices nothing remained but that the King should not longer suruiue le●…t haply his sickly iudgement might be ouerruled by sounder aduice his disease was violent but his Physitians conceiued some hope of recouery in case he might be remoued to change of healthfull aire which in infirmities of the vitall parts the seat of his sicknesse is of greatest moment for the cure But hereto the Councell would not consent so he continued
MAIESTY THE LIFE AND RAIGNE OF KING EDWARD THE SIXT Written by S ● Iohn Hayward 〈◊〉 D r. of Lawe London ●…inted for Iohn Partridge and are to 〈◊〉 sold at the signe of the Sunne in Paules Churchyard POWER Courteous Reader THis noble Prince whose Storie is here deliuered seemes to haue had the same aduersitie of fortune in his life and death which he had at his birth For as he was destituted of the helpes of nature at his entrance and was faine to haue his way made into the world with a knife so in his life was there continuall imployment of either Sword or Axe of that either at home against his Rebells or against his enemies abroad of this vpon his Nobles and particularly vpon his owne vncles by the mothers side of which the Duke of Somerset's case is very remarkable As his birth was violent and his reigne troublesome so was his death praemature not without suspicion of some practice of which besides vulgar rumour Cardan in calculating his scheme seemes to haue some iealous coniecture For whether he diuined it by his art in Astrology or apprehended it by the course and carriage of businesse hee made a dangerous praediction when hee foresaw that the King should shortly dye a violent death and as he reporteth fled out of the kingdome for feare of further danger Howsoeuer he was as noble a branch as euer sprung out of the Royall stocke worthy if so it had seemed good to God of a more fauourable birth a quieter reigne and a longer life But as the notable accidents in his tumultuous times doe deserue to be recorded so doth the King himselfe for his sweet condition for his minde as innocent as his yeares for his rare endowments well deserue to be commended to euerlasting memory that he may bee permanent so much the longer in the life of an history by how much the threed of his naturall life was cut shorter by the Fates And indeed as he had the birth of Caesar so had he beene worthy to haue had the fortune and fame of Caesar but a better conclusion This history is left vs from the pen of a worthy Author of whom we haue another essay in Henry the fourth This comes out into the world after the death of the father a Posthumus and is not like to finde any Patron but the loue and affection of thee fauourable Reader to which I commend it and thee to God THE LIFE AND RAIGNE OF K. EDVVARD THE SIXTH EDWARD K. of England the sixth of that name of the Norman Race was borne at Hampton court the 17 of October 1537. being the only surviving sonne of K. Henry the 8. by Iane his third wife daughter to S r. Iohn Seymer Knight And because K. Henry did take her to wife after the death of Katherine his first wife from whom he had beene divorced no question nor conceit was cast but that this Issue betweene them had right to succeede All reports do constantly runne that he was not by naturall passage delivered into the world but that his mothers body was opened for his birth and that shee dyed of the incision the fourth day following After which sort men brought forth were by the ancient Romanes esteemed fortunate and commonly proved great enterpris●…rs with happy successe For so Plinie writeth Auspicatius enecta matre nascuntur sicut Scipio Africanus prior natus These were called Caesones and afterwards Caesares as Plime Festus Pompeius Solinus and Titius Probus affirme Quia caeso matris vtero in lucem 〈◊〉 In this maner was Caeso Fabius borne whom Livy reporteth to haue beene thrice Consull first with Lucius Aemilius next with Sp. Furius and thirdly with T. Uirginius Thus also was Scipio borne who by reason of his braue atchieuements in Africke was surnamed Scipio Africanus prior But in that Plinie affirmeth that he was the first who was called Caesar à caeso matris vtero he seemeth to haue made a slippe ●…or before him and somewhat before the warres with the Samnites one Claudius was surnamed Caesar because he was in that fashion brought into the world In ancient times these births were esteemed sacred to Apollo as Servius noteth out of these words in Uirgill I●…de Lycham ferit exectum cum matre perempta tibi Phoebe sacrum And therefore Aesculapius because he was ripped from his mothers wombe was feigned to be the sonne of Apollo as Servius vpon another place of Uirgill hath observed For this cause also in the ancient state of Rome things consecrated to Apollo were kept by the familie of the Caesars That Iulius Caesar was so borne it is an vncontrouled Report But that he was the first of the familie of Caesars who was so either named or borne It is a thicke mistie error supported chiefly by some men of excellent iudgement in their owne professions but childishly vnskilfull in anything besides Plinie writeth that his Father was surnamed Caesar who having borne the office of Praetor determined his life by suddaine death What would haue beene either the fortunes or endeavours of K. EDWARD he never attained to yeares of proofe Assuredly both for the time of his age and raigne he is rather to bee admired then commended whereby he raised an high expectation for times to ensue In one point hee was like the like borne Iulius Caesar. For as Caesar in the middest of his greatest actions wrote an exact and curious Commentary of all his notable enterprises by Armes So this Edward during all the time of his Raigne but most especially towards the end kept a most iudicious Iournall of all the most principall passages of the affaires of his estate These memorialls written with K. Edwards hand which now shall be the ground of this historie were imparted vnto me by the great Treaserer of English antiquities S. Robert Cotton Knight Baronet who as he hath beene a most industrious both collector and conseruer of choice peeces in that kinde so is he most ingenuously free to communicate the vse of them to others This young Prince was brought vp among nurses vntill he arriued to the age of sixe yeares when he had passed this weake and sappi●… age he was committed to D r Cox●… who after was his Almoner M. Iohn Cheeke men of meane birth But so well esteemed for virtue and learning by reason of the place of their employment that they might well besaid to be borne of themselues These having equall authority for instruction of the young Prince and well agreeing bare equall stroake in divers faculties D r Coxe for knowledge of Divinity Philosophy and gravitie of manners M ● Cheeke for eloquence in the Latine and Greeke tongues But for other sufficiencies so farre as it appeares by the bookes which hee wrote Pedantique enough Others also were appointed to acquaint him with the vse of the most respected forraigne languages all iointly endevouring to infuse into him knowledge and vertue by some