against Vergerio And not content with that neither he published also a Libel wherein through hatred to the reformed Religion he most slanderously traduces Germany When Grisonio came to Pola and Justinopolis he rushed into the Citizens Houses and searched for prohibited Books Next he went to the Pulpit and amongst many other Terrours denounced he excommunicated all who did not inform against those that were suspected of Lutheranism Promising however easier Penance to those that did repent and of their own accord asked Pardon from him But threatning such as did not openly confess their Crime and were afterwards accused by others that they should be burnt for the same and thus he went from house to house scaring the people out of their wits So that some came in and acused themselves and for fear did as they were bid The richer sort were forced to acknowledge their Errour privately but the poor publickly Such as confessed that they had read the New Testament in the Vulgar Tongue were strictly charged to do so no more for the future This wrought so upon the common People who were struck with a panick fear that they strove who should inform most without any regard to Relation Friendship or Obligation the Son not sparing the Father the Wife the Husband nor the Tenant his Lord and Master Now the Informations were most commonly about frivolous Matters such as superstition made them take for scandalous sins Besides they had frequent Sermons against the Doctrine of Vergerio And on a certain day when there was a great confluence of People in the Cathedral Church of Justinopolis Grisonio who then publickly said Mass in very rich Vestments steps up into the Pulpit and amonst other things that he might drive the Nail to the Head Now said he and for some years past you have been visited by many Judgments and Calamities that fell sometimes upon your Olives and sometimes on your Corn sometimes upon your Vines and sometimes again on your Cattle or other Goods And the cause of all these evils has been your Bishop and the rest of that heretical Rout nor are ye to expect any relief before they be restrained and the best way to do that is to fall upon them and stone them Vergerio being thus baited by their violents courses was forced to step aside to Mantua to Cardinal Hercules Gonzaga who his familiar acquaintance But since some at Rome and John Caso the Popes Legat at Venice urged Gonzaga by Letters and Messengers that he should no longer harbour such a man He went to Trent where the Council then sate that he might purge himself When this came to the Popes Ears though he could rather have wished to have had him Prisoner yet to avoid all suspition especially in Germany as if it had not been a free Council he wrote to his Legats that they should not allow him any place amongst the Fathers but command him to be gone some where else Being in this manner turned out he went to Venice There Caso the Legat persuaded him by all means to go to Rome But he knowing his own danger refused it Then some days after another charges him in the Popes Name not to return again to Justinopolis and therefore he went to Padua during his abode there he was a Spectator of the sad Example we mentioned and being moved thereat and an eye-witness of Gods heavy wrath which persued that poor wretch for denying of the Truth he began to be confirmed more and more and then fully resolved to leave his Native Country and all that ever he had and take upon himself a voluntary Banishment that he might go live in some place where he might freely profess the Doctrine of Christ This he did some Months after for leaving the Country of Bergamo he went and setled amongst the Grisons who were the next Neighbours And having for some years preached the Gospel there and in the Valteline he was by Christopher Duke of Wittemburg invited to Tubingen His Brother the Bishop of Pola died before he left Italy and was suspected to have been poysoned Many other Great Men besides Vergerio had seen Spira in that State and amongst these Matthew Gribaldo a Lawyer of Padua who published a relation of all that he himself had seen and heard as also did Vergerio himself Sigismund Gelou Polonus and Henry Scot. The Archbishop of Benevento whom we mentioned wrote a Book of Sodomy than which nothing can be imagined more filthy and obscene Nor was he ashamed to extol and praise the foulest of Crimes which nevertheless is too well known over Italy and Greece In the mean time the Archbishops of Germany especially those of Mentz Cologne and Treves call Synods in their several Provinces to reform the Church according to the formulary prescribed by the Emperour Bucer as we told you before had preached in the Province of Cologne and there were some Ministers in it that had married Wives Now though it was by the Emperours Decree allowed that married Priests might retain their Wives until the Council determined the Matter yet the Archbishop of Cologne pretended that that was only indulged to the Lutherans but not to Roman Catholicks wherefore he made a Decree annulling Marriages contracted pronouncing them to be incestuous and declaring the Children begot in them to be illegitimate The Archbishop of Treves hath but a small Province and only three Suffragan Bishops Metz Toul and Verdun There was no need of such a Law amongst them For the Church-men in those places liked Concubines better than Wives But in this Archbishoprick where he perceived the danger to be greater he made the same Decree as his Colleagues did The Jurisdiction of Mentz is of a vast extent for he hath twelve Suffragan Bishops and all Hesse in a manner is subject to him in Spirituals He therefore began to urge and press the Observation of the Emperours Decree and of the Doctrine contained in the Interim The same did the Archbishop of Treves who also had some Jurisdiction there But the Landgrave's Sons and the rest of the Governours and Counsellors were deaf to these things The Archbishop sent also Michael Sidonius his Vicar General to Franckfurt where having first consecrated the Churches he preacht and taught after his own manner And the Bishop of Ausburg made some inconstant Priests that wavered in their Opinions abjure their Doctrine We spoke before of the French who in the Summer time went to the assistance of the Scots Now these at length carry over into France Mary the Kings only Daughter and Heir a young Lady of six years of age that so they might put the English out of all hopes of obtaining her This year the Pope made Charles of Vendosme a French man Cardinal After that Maximilian of Austria arrived in Spain and had married the Lady Mary the Emperour's Daughter Philip the Emperour's Son a Prince of one and twenty years of
Robert Boet Eustace Bellay lately a Member of the Court of Parliament but then Bishop of Paris and Anthony de Nouchy to try the Members of Parliament which had been imprisoned Du Bouâ—g being interrogated by Saint Andre refused to answer None of the Members of that Court being to be Tryed but by the whole Court. Whereupon Bourdin obtained a new Commission from the King commanding Du Bourg to plead before these Delegated Judges and if he refused that they should take him for Convicted and Guilty of Treason He being thus deprived of his Priviledge lest he might seem to despise the King's Authority and making a Protestation to save the Priviledge of others the third Day after answered in such manner to all the Questions proposed that he seemed to differ very little from the Lutherans and Calvinists so without any other Witnesses produced he was by the Bishop of Paris declared an Heretick judged unworthy of the Sacerdotal Character and delivered up to the Secular Power From which Sentence he Appealed to the Archbishop of Sens. Whilst these miserable Men were thus persecuted for their Religion and their Favourers Friends and such as had presumed to speak freely were by Informers also brought in Question there was a sad Face of Affairs in France and a sullen silence The Court in the interim was never more Jolly the Preparations for a great Marriage filling it with Mirth and Bravery which in a short time too had as lamentable a Conclusion Among other things there was a Tilt prepared and a Yard made for that purpose not far from the Bastile in which the Members of the Parliament were then imprisoned Some Days being spent in this Divertisement June 29. the King would needs run against the Count of Mongomery and they breaking their Lances the Sight of the King's Helmet by accident flying up he received a Wound in the Eye and falling from his Horse was latched by some of his Servants and carried into a Tower belonging to the Bastile It is said whilst they carried him thither he looked up and remembring the Members of Parliament which he had committed there said He feared he had done wrong to those Innocent Men. The Cardinal of Lorrain who was present angry at it reply'd That Thought was put into his Mind by the Devil the Enemy of Mankind That he ought to be careful of his Motions and continue constant in his Faith. Whether this were so or no I will not affirm saith Thuanus my Author because I am resolved to write nothing without good Authority The Physicians saying too That in these kinds of Wounds the Speech is lost At the Report of this Accident Andrew Vesale a Famous Physician was presently sent from Brussels by King Philip that he might however shew his Good-will to this Prince But he came too late the King dying July 2. when he had lived forty Years three Months and eleven Days and reigned twelve Years and three Months The Marriage between Margaret his Sister and Philbert Duke of Savoy was hereupon hasted that it might be finished before his Death and Celebrated it was without any Pomp or Magnificence There was great variety of Opinions some extolling his Life beyond Reason as Martial and Brave and his Conquests by which he had enlarged his Kingdom adding to it a great part of Italy Scotland and Corsica That having obtained a Victory against Charles V at Renty he had reduced that Great Prince to the Thoughts of a Retreat to a Private Life That out of his rare Respect to the Church of Rome not regarding his Oath he had renewed the War and succoured Paul IV. That recalling his Army out of Italy he had been able to defend France against the united Forces of King Philip and Mary of England and at last had ended the War at least by an useful Treaty and by the Marriages of his Daughter and Sister had secured the Publick Peace Others said he had violated the Glory of his Just Arms by breaking the Truce and involved himself by the Fault of others in an unjust and unprosperous War spent vast Treasures and lost the Flower of his Kingdom That the Peace was Desirable but very Dishonourable and the Marriage only a Covering for the infamy of the Concessions And that as he delighted too much in War so he perished dishonourably like a common Soldier His Misses who reigned rather than he his Prodigality and Luxury were not forgotten And the abundance of Poets then in France was taken for an Instance of the Corruptions of the Times To speak freely without Love or Hatred he was a Warlike Prince and too little affected to the Arts of Peace but then he was soft and easie and governed too much by others Wise Men then thought there would follow a War his Children being very yong his Wife Ambitious and the Court divided by Faction And this accordingly came to pass and brought forty Years of great Calamity upon France But I shall for the future be very short in the French Affairs referring the Reader to Davila and other Writers of the Civil Wars of France The Reader may be pleased to know That I have in all this followed Thuanus abridging him in some Places and in others transcribing him at large The King being crowned and the Dominion of the Queen Dowager as Guardian and of the Guises as Prime Ministers established to the great Dissatisfaction of the Princes and Nobility of France the next Care was to carry on the Persecution against the Protestants Oliver the Chancellor was imployed against the Members of the Parliament which were imprisoned at the time of the King's Death and S. Andre and Anthony de Mouchy against the rest of the People who that they might spread the terror of their Names over the whole Nation thought fit to begin with Paris Their principal Blood-hounds were Russanges and Claude David two Mechanicks and one George Renard a Taylor who had all three professed the Reformed Religion and were now imployed as best acquainted with these Men. They drew in two Apprentices shortly after who had deserted their Masters And these to gain the greater Applause confessed not only that they had Nocturnal Meeting but which saith Thuanus was a notorious Lie that they at them used promiscuous Conjunctions after the Candles were put out And this Impudent Story created a great Detestation of the Protestants in the Minds of the deluded Catholicks whose Ears were open to these kinds of Misrepresentations This lye was carried on with great Industry and these two Wretches were led first to the Cardinal of Lorrain and then to the Queen to communicate this rare Secret no Man daring to contradict it The Queen who was never a Friend to the Protestants from henceforth was more than ever enraged against them But Oliver the Chancellor suspecting the Story examined these Lads separately and by their Varying and Contradicting each other found it to be a mere Lye. But
be parallell'd in any age since the Apostles and there having followed it a great Commotion in the Civil State as is usual Tho I was not the fittest person to undertake this Work yet at the request of many good Men I entred upon it for the glory of God and with great fidelity and diligence have brought it down to our own Times And I have some hope that all who are not highly prejudiced will confess that I have not given the Reins to my Passions in any thing in this affair and that I have behaved my self perhaps with more Moderation than any other Writer For though I willingly profess that Doctrine of the Gospel which by the mercy of God was now restored and rejoyce exceedingly that I am a Member of the Reformed Church yet I have carefully abstained from all exasperating Language and simply delivered every thing as it came to pass I call God to Witness also that I never designed to injure or hurt any mans reputation falsly for what a madness would it have been to have delivered any thing otherwise than it was in an affair which is fresh in all mens memory And I hope those who are intimately acquainted with me have never yet discovered any such vanity in me And yet if after all I have by chance committed any Error or Mistake I will readily confess it when ever I shall be shewn it and also caution my Reader openly that he may not be mislead by me as I have said in my Preface As to the pains I have taken and the diligence I have used in this Work no man could possibly have done more to find out the Truth as many men can bear me Witness and the very Work it self will in great part shew In this History of Religion I could not omit what concerned the Civil Government because as I have already said they are interwoven each with th' other especially in our times so that it was not possible to separate them This union of the Sacred and Civil State is sufficiently discovered in the Scriptures and is the cause that the change of Religion in any Nation is always attended presently with offences distractions contentions strifes tumults factions and wars For this cause Christ saith the Son shall be against the Father and the Daughter against the Mother and that his Doctrine would not bring Peace but a Sword and raise a fiery contention amongst the nearest relations And that this has ever been the state of affairs since the beginning of the World cannot be denied and is also very manifest from the thing it self For in our Times no sooner did this benefit vouchsafed us by God and the Doctrine of the Gospel begin to be preached against the Papal Indulgences and the Traditions of Men but presently all the World but especially the Clergy became tumultuous and unquiet This occasioned the bringing this affair before the Dyet or Publick Convention of the States of Germany and when there upon some Princes and free Cities imbraced this Doctrine this fire spread it self and the cause was exagitated with great variety till at last it burst out into a War. Now in the Description I have made of it will appear what care and diligence the Emperor imployed to put a stop to this dissention what the Protestants also from time to time Answered and what Conditions they frequently offered And when it came to a War the event was various and perplexed as for instance the Emperor to give one Example out of many wrote to some of the Princes and Cities and afterwards Published in Print a Declaration of his intentions and designs This Declaration was the foundation of the Emperors cause and by the Laws of History was to be represented together with the Answer of the Adverse Party For without this what kind of History would it be thought which should only represent what one party said And yet in this how I behaved my self how I managed my Style and tempered it may be easily seen by comparing my Latin Version of that Declaration with the German Edition of it to which I refer my self When the War was prolonged till the Winter came on the Emperor at last prevail'd upon the return of his Enemies into their Countries These his Victories and Triumphs first in the Upper Germany and then the Electorate of Saxony are related by me with great Truth And I observe the same method every where For I neither take from nor add to any mans Actions more than the truth of the thing requires and allows And in truth it is apparent this has been done by few For the greatest part of the Writers give their own Judgments both of the things and persons they mention in their Histories To omit the more Ancient Historians we know how Platina has Written the Lives of the Popes and Philip Comines a Knight has in our Memory published an Illustrious History of his own Times and among other things which he there delivers tells us that after Charles the Hardy Duke of Burgundy was slain before Nancy in Battel Lewis XII King of France ravished from his Daughter and Heir Artois and both the Burgundies and altho Comines was a sworn Subject of France and a Counseller to that Prince yet he saith this was ill done About XXIV years since Peter Bembus was imployed by the Senate of Venice to Write the Story of the War between that State and Maximilian the First Emperor of Germany Lewis King of France and Julius II Pope of Rome and some others which he hath done in twelve Books And he too tells us how Lewis XII denounced War against the Venetians and that his Herald appearing before the Senate and the Duke spoke these Words Luredano Duke of Venice and ye the rest of the Citizens of Venice Lewis King of France my Master has commanded me to tell you that he is coming with an Army against you because like a parcel of perfidious men yea have possessed your selves by force and fraud of the Towns belonging to the Pope and other Princes and are rest lesly endeavouring by crafty means to Ravage and subject under your Dominion all that belongs to your Neighbours which he is now resolved to require at your hands Perhaps some may think that Bembus ought to have taken no notice of these Words because they reflect so bitterly upon his Country-men but he thought otherwise and transcrib'd them from the Publick Records into his History adding the Answer which was given with equal sharpness to the Herald and this Work was after Printed with the Privilege of the Senate at Venice Paulus Jovius besides his Lives of the Illustrious Men has lately Published two Tomes of the History of our Time how freely he Writes will appear to any one who reads them and although he treats the Germans very injuriously yet his Work comes forth with many Privileges to defend it He that pleaseth may examine what he saith Tom. II. Fol. 9. and in the Life
Prince Cassimire was appointed to raise Forces so and to post them that the Publick might receive no Damage in the mean while Afterwards the Electors wrote Letters and sent Ambassadours to the Emperour into Spain to acquaint him with all that had been done The chief of the Ambassie was Frederick Prince Palatine but in the mean time some Messengers were privately dispatched with the News of whom one is said to have posted from Frankford to Barcelona in nine Days time The Prince Palatine arrived about the latter end of November and delivered the Elector's Letters the summ whereof was That he would be pleased to accept of the Empire that was offered unto him and all Delay laid aside to come with all speed into Germany The Emperour made a Generous Answer by the Mouth of Mercurine Cattinario That though great Troubles seemed to be threatned on the one Hand from the Turks and on the other from the French yet he neither could nor would be wanting to their common Country especially when so great Princes made such a Judgment of him and required that at his Hands that therefore he accepted the Honour and Charge that was offered him and would put to Sea with the first Opportunity in order to his coming into Germany Much in the same Words also he wrote back to the Electors and so having nobly presented Prince Frederick he dismissed him Thus then was he made Emperour the Fifth of that Name at the Age of nineteen Years The French King was the more troubled at this Repulse that he knew his Affairs were thereby exposed to greater Danger for he had rather that any Man should have had that Dignity than Charles of Spain whose Power being already suspected by him he saw now by this means mightily encreased and confirmed He had been at vast Charges and very free of his Gold in making Friends to promote his Designs The same is said to have been done also by the Flemings but of this I dare not be positive But let us trace back a little the Genealogie of Charles Charles V of France called the Sage gave to his youngest Brother Philip the Dutchy of Burgundy that had fallen unto him Philip afterward married Margaret the only Daughter of Lewis Earl of Flanders and had by her a Son John to him was born Philip the Father of Charles the Hardy who being killed before Nancy left behind him a Daughter Mary the Heiress of vast Territories She at length was married to Maximilian the Son of the Emperour Frederick III and bore to him Philip who married Jane Daughter to Ferdinand King of Spain by whom he had Charles and Ferdinand the Infanta Jane being with Child went to Ghent and was there brought to Bed of Charles on February 24 1500. Here we must say somewhat by the by of Ferdinand the Emperour's Grand-Father by the Mother He was King of Arragon and Sicily and had in Marriage Isabel the Daughter and Heiress of John II King of Spain having afterwards obtained the Kingdom of Naples also Now the Children he had by her were John Isabel Jane Mary and Catharine John and Isabel dying without Issue the whole Succession of the Kingdom by the Laws of the Country fell to the next Sister Jane and by this means all the Inheritance of the Duke of Burgundy a most powerful Prince and of Ferdinand King of Spain descended to Charles the Son of Jane for in the Division of the Inheritance the Possessions of the House of Austria fell to Ferdinand So that for many Ages Germany had not had a more Powerful Emperour Charles lost his Father when he was a Child of six Years of Age and his Grand-father Ferdinand when he was about sixteen after whose Death he went into Spain and there continued till being chosen Emperour he came into Germany as shall be said hereafter And since we are now come to this Place it will not be amiss to say somewhat of the manner of chusing the Emperour Charles King of Bohemia and the fourth Emperour of that Name in the Year of our Lord 1356 made a Law concerning this which is called Bulla Aurea the Golden Bull These among others are the Heads of that Law That when the Emperour Dies the Archbishop of Ments so soon as he comes to know of it shall presently Summon the rest of the Electors to meet within three Months on a certain Day at Frankford or to send their Deputies with full Power and Commission for chusing the Emperour or King of the Romans That if the Archbishop of Mentz should be negligent his Colleagues nevertheless should meet within the time aforesaid accompanied with not above two hundred Horse a piece when they enter the Town and of them only fifty with Arms. He who neither comes nor sends his Deputy or departs before the Business is done is to lose his right of Election for that time That the Magistrates of Frankford be true and faithful to the Electors and during their Assembly suffer none besides the Electors and their Families to enter the Town When they are met they are to hear Mass in S. Bartholomew's Church for imploring the Assistance and Grace of the Holy Ghost and then take an Oath to be tendred unto them by the Archbishop of Mentz That they shall not act by vertue of any Compact Bribe Promise or Gratuity afterwards they are to fall to the Business and not depart before an Emperour be chosen that if the matter be protracted longer than thirty Days they shall have no Victuals but Bread and Water allowed them He who is chosen by the greater Part shall be in the same condition as if he had been elected nemine contradicente The Emperour being in this manner chosen the first thing he is to do is To confirm to the Electors all their Priviledges and whatever concerns their Dignity Honour Liberty and Immunity It is moreover provided and enacted that they mutually allow one another free Passage through their Territories what Place they are severally to have in the Dyets and Assemblies of the Empire how Votes are to be taken and what their several Places and Charges are when the Emperour Dines or does any thing else in publick Moreover that in the time of an interreign the Elector Palatine shall have the administration of the Government in Schwabia Franconia and the Circle of the Rhine and the Elector of Saxony in the Circle of Saxony that upon the death of an Elector his eldest Son or Brother-german shall succeed to him that if an Elector be under the Age of eighteen Years his nearest Kinsman by the Father's side shall supply his Place until he be of Age that the Electors meet yearly and consult of the Affairs of the Publick that Frankford be the Place of Election but Aix la Chapelle the Place of the first Instalment and Sclavonian Languages that they may be able to discourse with many Nations We spoke before of the Conditions
behaviour and condition of the Citizens protect the Innocent and slight the Fortifications which the Anabaptists had rais'd The Bishop also was to demolish those Forts he had built in the Town and to punish the Captives the King Knipperdoling and Creching according to their deserts with the first opportunity and not to keep them any longer Concerning that which was decreed about Religion the Elector of Saxony the Lantgrave the Duke of Wirtemburgh and Earl of Anhalt openly remonstrated against it the same Protestation was made by the Cities besides they were not willing the old Fortification of the Town should be raz'd as concerning the new ones they had nothing to object The King and his two fellow Prisoners were carry'd up and down the Country to the Princes to shew and expose them this gave some of the Lantgraves Preachers an opportunity of conversing with the King with whom they dispute chiefly these following Points viz. concerning the Kingdom of Christ concerning Magistracy Justification Baptism the Lord's Supper the Incarnation of Christ and Matrimony and here though he defended himself with obstinacy enough yet they press'd him so hard with Testimonies of Scripture that though he did not yield in every thing yet they made him bend and let go his hold insomuch that at last he gave up the greatest part of the Cause which some think he did only to save his life For when they came to him again he promis'd upon condition of being pardon'd that he would engage to oblige the Anabaptists who were very numerous in Holland Brabant England and Friezland to give over Preaching and to obey the Magistrates in every thing Afterwards these Divines argued with his Companions both by word of mouth and writing concerning Mortification the Baptism of Infants Community of Goods and the Kingdom of Christ When they were brought to Telget the Bishop demands of the King by what Authority he could justifie the liberty he had taken in his Town and with his Subjects To whom he replies in a question Who gave him the Jurisdiction over the City When the Bishop made answer That he was chosen into this Government by the consent of the Chapter and the People The other replies That he was call'd to this Office by God. Upon the 19th of Jan. they are brought back to Munster and committed to distinct Prisons upon the same day likewise the Bishop came to Town with the Archbishop of Cologn and the Embassadors of the Duke of Cleve The two following days were spent in pious Exhortations to bring them off from their Error Now the King did own his fault and prayed to our Saviour but the other two would not acknowledge that they had done any thing amiss but obstinately defended their Opinions The next day the King was brought out into a place whose situation was higher than ordinary and tied to a Stake there were two Executioners by him with red-hot Pincers He was silent for the three first snatches but afterwards he did nothing but cry out to God for Mercy when he had been torn in this manner above the space of an hour he was run through the Body with a Sword and so died His Companions had the same punishment When they were dead they were each of them fasten'd to an Iron-Cage and hung at the top of the Tower in the City the King hangs in the middle and about a Man's height higher than the other two In January this year Catherine of Spain died who Henry King of England had divorc'd above three years since as I observ'd before In the Fourth Book I gave an account how Frederick Duke of Holstein was made King of Denmark by the assistance of the Lubeckers When he was dead there happen'd to be a very troublesome War between his Son and Successor Christian and the Lubeckers but by the mediation of the Elector of Saxony of the Lantgrave and Earnest Duke of Luenburgh of the Towns of Bremen Hamburgh Magdeburgh Brunswick Lunenburgh and Hildesheim the Quarrel was at last taken up this year in February At that time the Duke of Savoy was engag'd in a War with Geneva being assisted in it or rather provoked to it by the Bishop of that City partly because the Reformed Religion was introduced there partly for other reasons Now the Citizens of Geneva were Allies of the Canton of Bern who assisting them at last with their whole Forces the Enemy was beaten off and oblig'd to retreat and the Caenton-men of Bern pursuing them as far as the Lake Leman seiz'd upon as much of the Dukes Country as lay convenient for their Frontiers the same thing was done by the rest of the Switzers which joyn upon Savoy During this Action the French King who long before intended to make War in Italy especially after the death of Francis Sforza whom we mention'd before levies an Army in the beginning of the Spring and falls upon the Duke of Savoy who was his Uncle He grounded his Quarrel upon his Claim to an Inheritance which he said belong'd to him but was seiz'd on by the other The Duke of Savoy being weaken'd before and unable to Match so powerful an Enemy was outed of most of his Dominions in a short time For the King passing over the Alpes invades Piedmont and besides other Conquests takes Turin the Capital City of that Country and fortifies it with new Works and a Garison the Command of the Army in this Action being given to Philip Chabot Admiral of France The Duke of Savoy was married to Beatrix Daughter to Emanuel late King of Portugal and the Emperor to Isabella Sister to John who now Reigns and whereas formerly he had kept himself Neuter now by seeming to incline to the Emperor's side he provok'd the French King to break with him who was his Nephew by his own Sister Louise Some say Pope Clement when he was at Marseilles of which I gave account in the last Book gave the King this Council That if ever he intended to recover Millain his way was first to possess himself of Savoy and Turen However this was the next year the King sets a new Custom on foot and raiseth a standing Army of Foot to the number of about forty thousand which being quarter'd in several Provinces were to be kept in Discipline and always to be ready for Service upon occasion And as the French Kings had formerly been very considerable for their Cavalry which they always kept in pay He was resolv'd to add a well-disciplined Infantry to them that he might not always be oblig'd to hire foreign Soldiers The King's design was to March his Army into the Neighbouring State of Millain to recover that Dutchy which he had formerly been possess'd of for six years together and claim'd it as the Inheritance of him and his Children in the right of Valentina his great Grandmother who was Daughter to Philip Visconti the last Duke of Millain of that Family The Pedigree runs thus
the Arguments and Reasons with the Explanations of the same should be taken in Writing Affirming it to be an unreasonable thing in this most holy Cause to follow the Opinion of any Party and not rather the Rule of God's Word or to force any Man to think or speak contrary to it Whilst Time was in this manner spun out the Protestants often complained of it craving that the Augustane Confession of Faith being laid before them they might according to the Decree of Haguenaw fall presently to Business especially since it was to be a friendly no captious and ensnaring Conference to clear only the Way to Concord and Agreement The Divines also urged the same who were there in great Number as Melancthon Capito Bucer Osiander Brentius Calvin Alese a Scot sent from the Elector of Brandenburg and many others to whom were added Simon Griney and John Sturmey At length about the Thirteenth of January the Catholicks chose John Eckius and the others Philip Melancthon to begin the Conference And in the first place that they might proceed in order Original Sin was the first Subject of which they spake by Turns in the publick Assembly But when all were intent on this came Letters from the Emperor on the Third Day of the Conference directed to Granvell and the other Deputies whereby he put off all further Proceedings till the Diet of Ratisbone whither he ordered the Protestants chiefly to repair and recalled Granvell with all speed These Letters being read in the Session which was January the Eighteenth Granvell exhorted them to obey the Emperor and come to Ratisbone For that his Majesty was most desirous of Peace and that if any rough Word had perhaps escaped him in the heat of Conference he prayed them not to take it ill from him who was ready to do all Services to the Publick Hereunto the Protestants made Answer That they were very sorry that the Conference had not begun much sooner and that they could not now proceed any further therein But that since the Emperor so commanded it behooved them to obey So that now they would return home that they might make Report of all that had pass'd and doubted not but their Principals would be ready to gratify the Emperor That nevertheless if perhaps they should come or send their Deputies somewhat too late it must be excused because of the shortness of Time. At this Assembly was also Petro Paulo Vergerio Bishop of Cabo d'Istria in outward Appearance as for the French King but in reality sent from the Pope who thought he might do him better Service there if he went by the Character of another He made a Speech here of the Unity and Peace of the Church which he printed and gave about and therein insisted chiefly to shew that there was no Thoughts to be had of a National Council for that Assembly looked somewhat like such a thing and seemed to make way for it Now of all things the Pope could not endure that and Vergerio was fully acquainted with his Thoughts By the Means of this Man then and other such Instruments the Conference was impeded and at length dissolved for by drilling on the time and raising Delays they sought to themselves Starting-Holes and Evasions In the beginning of January the Emperor left Flanders and came to Metz the chief City of Lorrain from thence he took his Journey by Spire to Ratisbone and wrote the Letter to Granvell we mentioned upon the Rode He then took his Way by Nurimberg a City he had not seen before and was there magnificently received February the Eleventh Philip de Chabot-Brion Admiral of France a Man of great Honour being brought into Suspicion with the King of Miscarriages in the War of Savoy which we mentioned before was after a long and brisk Trial found Guilty of Bribery and Treason and being deprived of all his great Honours and Dignities without any Hope of Restitution he was committed to Prison in the Castle of Vincennes not far from Paris William Poiet Chancellor of France pronounced this Sentence against him at Melun all the chief Men Judges and Lawyers of France being called to this Trial. And though Sentences so passed were usually most firm and inviolable yet not long after he was absolved by the King's Authority as shall be related hereafter At this time also Maurice son of Henry Duke of Saxony married Agnes Daughter to the Lantgrave In the Month of March most of the Princes and States came to Ratisbone where the Emperor had sometime expected them The Lantgrave came also towards the latter End of the Month with a great Train and the next Day went with his Guards to wait on the Emperor who received him very graciously The Duke of Saxony sent thither a splendid Ambassy and Divines amongst whom was Melancthon From the Pope came also Casparo Contarini a Cardinal of great Reputation There were present also the Elector of Brandenburg Frederick and Otho Henry Princes Palatine William and Lowis Dukes of Bavaria Henry Duke of Brunswick Charles Duke of Savoy George Marquess of Brandeburg Philip Duke of Pomerania the Bishops of Mentz Saltzburg Bremen Bamberg Spire Ausburg Aichstadt Constance Heildesseim Brixen and Passaw About this time was published and brought to Ratisbone Martin Luther's very invective Book written in High Dutch against Henry Duke of Brunswick In the former Book we took notice of Duke Henry's railing Papers against the Elector of Saxony and the Lantgrave And seeing in a Libel lately published he called the Duke of Saxony Heretick Seditious Cain Monster Aesop endued with no Vertue neither of Body nor Mind whom Luther himself though he was his Idol and in a manner Second God did but laugh at and despise Luther who thought his Reputation herein concern'd wrote a most bitter Answer and affirmed it to be a Calumnie And because the Adversaries challenged to themselves the Title of the Church he proved by many Arguments that they had made Defection from the true Church and having stated a Comparison maintained that the Roman Papacy which had corrupted and defiled the true Doctrine of Christ was the Antichrist foretold by Daniel and the Apostles so many Ages before Which being so that the Revenues of the Church belonged not to them and that it was a wicked thing in them to demand the Restitution of the same Then he objected to them That they shunned the Light. And why saith he do you now desire now promise now put off and now refuse a Council If your Church be so holy why is it so much afraid of a Council What need it be reformed But if it need it How came ye to call it Holy Would you even reform your own Holiness For our Parts never demanded a Council for reforming our Churches for God hath already sanctified them by his Word purged out of them all Popish Uncleanness and restored to us his pure Doctrine Our Lives it 's true come not up
could hardly believe those who told them that they had not only seen the Emperor but also spoken with him The Prince was also so fatally credulous as to be perswaded of the same thing Now this was thought to be an Invention of the French that those of Cleve might not lose Heart and being terrified at the Emperor's Power make Peace with him The Emperor having received this Answer Fortified his Camp provided all things necessary and on the Twenty fourth of August began to Batter the Town by break of Day and afterward gave the Assault especially by the Spaniards who went on with great Chearfulness and Resolution and though they were often beat off and lost many Men yet they gave not over till they forced the Place and treated the Towns-people as the Inhabitants are commonly used when a Town is taken by Storm We must know that in this Town was kept the Head of St. Ann the Mother of our Lady and was usually exposed to the view of vast numbers of People who flocked thither yearly on the Six and twentieth day of July the Anniversary of that Saint to pay their Devotions to it But the Spaniards being now Conquerours took that Head inclosed in a golden Reliquary and with great Pomp carried it in Procession to the Grey Friars Church least it should have perished in the Ruines and Flames of the Church The Town being plundered and burnt the Emperor advanced and had surrendered to him first Liege and then Reremund a strong Town of Guelderland standing where the Rivers of Roure and Maese do meet For the unexpected Calamity of Duren had put all Men into extraordinary Fear and Consternation From Ruremund he went to Venlo Thither at last came the Duke of Cleve to him in the Camp accompanied with Henry Duke of Brunswick and the Ambassadors of Herman Archbishop of Cologne where he having made his Humble Submission and the Duke of Brunswick and the Ambassadors earnestly interceding for him the Emperor at length arose and ordered the Prince of Orange and Granvell to prescribe Conditions unto him upon which he was received into Favour again the Seventh of September The Conditions were That he should not depart from the Religion of the Catholick Church That if he had made any Alterations he should restore things again as they were before That he should promise Allegiance and Obedience to the Emperor King Ferdinand and the Empire That he should renounce his League with France and Denmark That he should make no League wherein the Emperor King Ferdinand and their Heirs were not excepted That he should deliver up the whole Possession of Guelderland and release the People from their Oath And that he should Assist the Emperor in Recovering Guelderland if perhaps any places should refuse to Surrender The Emperor on the other Hand restored to him the Province of Juliers lately Conquered by War except Two Towns Hensberg and Zittard which he kept in his Hands for a time till he should make trial of his Fidelity and Obsequiousness Whilst the Emperor was upon his March against the Duke of Cleve the French King advanced through Champange towards the Country of Luxenburg and sent for his Sister's Daughter the Lady Joanna who had been Two Years before betrothed and publickly Married as we said to the Duke that he might carry her to her Husband She went most unwillingly as hath been mentioned also before but however she obeyed the King her Uncle The King had appointed Cardinal du Bellay Bishop of Paris as the fittest Person to perswade her to wait upon her and keep her Company during the whole Journey Now when she was come as far as Soissons on her way to the King News was brought That the Duke of Cleve was subdued which much rejoiced her as well perceiving that that might put an end to all her Sufferings and Constraint and indeed she was not mistaken for the King was exceedingly troubled at the News and so she returned Home But nevertheless he proceeded and again took the City of Luxenburg about the latter end of September which after deliberation he fortified At the same time Henry King of England who had lately made a League with the Emperor sent over some Forces into the Netherlands who joining the Imperialists Besieged Landrecy In the mean time Charles Boisset a Lawyer was in the beginning of October sent from the Emperor to Metz who having consulted with the Senate the Monks and Churchmen upon his first coming sent for one of the Preachers whom he severely chid and commanded upon pain of Death to depart the City within three Days and not to converse with any Citizen for the future Afterwards the Emperor's Edict was on the Fifteenth of October publickly read wherein the Emperor commanded the Senate not to admit of any new Doctrines and to punish those that were guilty that way Wherefore the Senate published their Orders to the Citizens that they should persist in the ancient Religion produce all prohibited and suspected Books within a Weeks time obey the Canons of the Church abstain from flesh on days prohibited shew Reverence to Church-Men and that those who upon account of difference in Religion had put themselves into the protection of the Protestants and promised Fidelity unto them should within a certain time renounce the same Denouncing several Penalties against Offenders herein as Fines Banishment and other Punishments according to their several Deserts When Barbarossa had in vain Besieged the Castle of Nizza whither the Emperor's Forces were coming out of Lombardy under the Command of the Marquess of Piscara he drew off and went to his Winter Quarters in Thoulon somewhat sooner than the Season of the Year required for the King had assigned him that Town the Citizens and Inhabitants being commanded to leave it Scotland was this Year much disturbed with intestine Broils and Divisions the Nobles disagreeing among themselves For those of the Nobility who were Prisoners in England as we said being generously dismissed by the King cordially espoused his Interests But the Cardinal of Scotland who enjoyed great Revenues from Church-Livings in France and the Queen the Duke of Guise's Daughter maintained the French King 's Part. After the Death of the King of Scots it was the chief Design of Henry VIII that the young Queen of Scots might be affianced to Prince Edward his Son. In that matter the Nobles we mentioned did him good Service And having perswaded the Earl of Arran the Regent they seized the Cardinal of St. Andrews and kept the Queen Besieged in a Castle till they had confirmed the Marriage and drawn up Writings thereupon But the French King interfering in the Matter the Nobility also pitying the Queen's Condition and the Regent falling off to the other side they broke their Articles which gave occasion of a new War betwixt the English and them as shall be said hereafter The King of Denmark was also in War with
Francis Olivier Chancellor of Alenzon and Affrican Malley President of the Parliament of Dijon These stopp'd on their way at Nancey in Lorrain whither they came in the Month of January and expected a safe Conduct from the Emperor for the King had sent a Herald before to Spire upon that account with Letters to the Emperor and privately also to the Princes Electors wherein he demanded a safe Conduct for his Ambassadors When about the end of February the Herald arrived there in his Coat of Arms as Custom is he was stopp'd by Granvell to whom he both delivered his Master's Letters written to the Emperor for he could do no otherwise and also told the cause of his coming demanding that according to the Law of Nations he might have a safe Conduct for the Ambassadors who were not far off but he was confined to his Lodgings carefully observed that no Body might come to speak with him and Four Days after sent going with a severe Reprimand That he had done an unwise Act and run the danger of his Head in daring to come thither For that the King his Master who was an Enemy to Germany had nothing to do within the Bounds of the Empire nor any Right neither to the Law of Nations That he should therefore return Home and tell his King so but let him not nor any other venture to come again That now the Emperor was pleased to pardon his Fault more out of his own Mercy and Goodness than for any Desert of his but that he should have a care for the future otherwise he would suffer for it For that he had gone beyond the Privilege of Heralds and ought not to have entered within the Emperor's Court without his Leave That as to the Letters which he said he had the King had so deserved of all Christendom and especially of Germany that as Affairs stood the Emperor would not nor could not receive them least by his usual way of Writing and Promises either he or others might be deceived This Answer was given him written in French And so he was sent back with the King's Letters to the Emperor and Princes and a Party of Horse appointed to bring him going as far as Nancey Now there was nothing of this imparted to the Princes which was thought by most to be done contrary to the Custom of the Empire When this came to the Knowledge of the Ambassadors they were in great Streights being anxious how they could get home again without Danger But having consulted with Anthony Duke of Lorrain they departed secrtly in the Night time and so returned into the next Place of France Whilst they were as yet in Nancey Duke Anthony's Daughter-in-Law came to Spire that what neither he nor others could do She being the Emperor's Sisters Daughter by Prayers and Tears and the Favour of her Sex might obtain But that was also in Vain for the Emperor was wholly bent upon War and his Counsellors said he could not do otherwise with Honour and Reputation Now though the Duke of Lorrain espoused neither Party and had long since conditioned with both that he might be Neuter yet when he found that the Seat of the War was like to be on his Frontiers which could not but be to his great Prejudice he was exceedingly desirous of Peace February the Ninth some Princes at the Emperor's Suggestion wrote from Spire to the Pope telling his Holiness That they had been exceedingly rejoiced when last Year they heard how that the Turks and their Confederates had been by the Emperor's Forces and the Assistance he had sent driven from the Siege of the Castle of Nizza and forced to fly for their Safety and that their Joy was the greater that they were given to understand that the Loss of that Rampart would much endanger not only the Provinces and Patrimony of the Church but also all Italy and indeed Christendom But that now since they were informed by credible Hands that they were again fitting out their Fleet and Forces at Thoulon with a Design to reduce that Castle under their Power it did not a little trouble them both because of the Danger and Disgrace of it also And that was the Reason why out of the Duty and Love they bore him who was the common Father of Christendom they now wrote to his Holiness Wherefore they earnestly besought him that he would befriend Charles Duke of Savoy with his Counsel and Assistance and in his own singular Prudence consider with himself how much it would be safer and more advantageous for the Publick to beat off the Enemy at his first Approach than to dally away the time and not to run to Arms till the most commodious Castle of Italy should be lost That his Holiness would also think of some Measures whereby so barbarous an Enemy might not only be driven away from before that Castle but also out of those Places where he had safe Harbour and Retreat For if he look'd upon the Turk and his Confederates as Enemies which they could not but think he would for the Love he bore to the Flock whereof he was the chief and universal Bishop If he should employ all the Forces and Substance of the Church this way they made no doubt but God would deliver his People out of the Hands of their Enemies That since then he saw how much the Publick Safety depended on that Castle they again begged of him that he would use his Endeavours not to let it fall into the Hands of Strangers which would be very acceptable Service to God and beneficial to the publick Interest of Christendom To this the Pope made Answer February the Twenty Sixth That the Safety of the Castle of Nizza had hitherto been and should still be his Care for the future That the good Will and Kindness they expressed was very acceptable unto him and he hoped that as they were concerned for Nizza so they would be no less sollicitous for the Publick which was the thing they ought chiefly to do That it was publickly known how he stood affected in relation to the common Enemy from his very first Inauguration into the Pontificate That he had constantly given Aid against him furnished Commanders and a Fleet both in Hungary and Africa That in short he had left nothing undone whereby he might defend Christendom from the Yoke of so barbarous and cruel an Enemy so that during the Ten Years that he had been at the Helm he had been exhausted by continual Expences which he was at when even the publick Treasure was at a low Ebb his Revenues being much lessened and impaired by the Defection of many How could he be thought wanting in any thing who had not only sent frequent Ambassies but himself also taken many Progresses for the good of the Publick That two Years since he had called a Council at Trent a Town within the Dominion of Germany to the end that Peace might be restored to the Empire Vices
Savoy to all that he had taken from him That the French King should also keep Hesdin And that the Emperor should use all his Endeavours to procure a Peace betwixt England and France That as to the Duke of Cleve since the King and Queen of Navarre did affirm that their Daughter never consented to that Marriage but on the contrary had protested against it in the solemn and usual manner the French King should within Six Weeks send that Protestation to the Emperor that he might consider what was to be done In this Peace were comprehended the Pope King Ferdinand the Kings of Portugal Poland and Denmark the Venetians and Switzers the Dukes of Savoy Lorrain Florence Ferrara Mantua and Vrbin the States of Genoa Luca and Siena the Princes Electors and States of the Empire that were obedient to the Emperor The Peace being concluded the Emperor dismissed his Forces and returned home from Soissons All Men wondered at this Pacification for the Emperors familiar Friends promised themselves certain Victory before the Emperor took the Field and bragg'd that within a few Months France should be their own or at least the King become Tributary having Three such powerful Enemies against him the Emperor the Empire and the King of England The End of the Fifteenth Book THE HISTORY OF THE Reformation of the Church BOOK XVI The CONTENTS The Pope writes to the Emperour admonishing and expostulating with him sharply threatens his first-begotten Son and the same year promotes a great many new Cardinals A Council is again called The Clergy and Colledge of Cologne once more vigorously withstand their Archbishop Peter Bruly having preached the Reformed Religion at Tournay is therefore burnt alive The Divines of Paris assemble at Melun During the Diet at Wormes wherein many things are handled they of Merindolle and Cabrieres commonly called the Waldeneses are miserably harassed and at length turn'd out of all Though the Pope had called a Council yet he is wholly bent upon a War against the Protestants Luther publishes a little Book wherein he sets him off in his colours Grignian is sent Embassadour to the Protestants that he may perswade them to approve the Council The Emperour cites the Archbishop of Cologne to appear before him A hot War between the Kings of England and France The Duke of Orleans dies A War breaks out betwixt Henry Duke of Brunswick and the Landgrave wherein the latter prevails The Elector Palatine embraces the Reformed Religion Rumour of War against the Protestants is spread abroad A Conference appointed at Ratisbonne about matters of Religion This being broken up a Council is called at Trent and the Sessions begin Luther in the mean time dies IN the heat of War the Pope sends Letters to the Emperour bearing date August 23. acquainting him that he had an account of what nature the Decrees were which he had lately made at Spire but that in discharge of his own Duty and for the love he bore to him he could not dissemble his thoughts concerning them and that the Example of Eli the High-Priest was a warning to him to do so whom God severely punished for his too great indulgence to his Sons That in the same manner since these Decrees tended to the danger of his own Soul and great disturbance of the Church he could not but give him this Admonition First then that he should not leave the uniform practice of the Church nor customs of his Forefathers but carefully observe the same Discipline Method and Rule which Method is that when any Debate happens about Religion the whole Decision ought to be referred to the Church of Rome Whereas he lately in appointing a General and National Council and a Diet of the Empire had had no regard to him who by Divine and Humane Right hath alone power of calling Councils and determining matters of Religion Nor was that all he was to be blamed for but also that he allowed not only private men but even the Asserters of damned Heresies to judge of Religion that he gave judgment concerning Ecclesiastical Possessions and the Controversies that arose about them that he restored to Honours and Dignity such as were out of the Communion of the Church and long ago condemned by his own Edicts without the consent of those who persevered in their ancient Allegiance and Religion Did these things agree with the sacred Laws and Ordinances Nay rather did they not overturn all Discipline and Order That it was his opinion however that these things proceeded not from himself but that ill affected persons out of the hatred they bore to the Church of Rome had counselled and sollicited him to give some signe of his aversion to the same but that it grieved him the more to see that he should be drawn in and perswaded by them in that he clearly perceived the prejudice it carried along with it would be greater both to himself and the Church unless he repented That this his fear also grew greater and greater when he considered who the persons were with whom he had contracted friendship for that as ill company corrupts good manners so also it was very dangerous to make Alliances with wicked and vicious men That he made no doubt but they had used specious pretext to him since there is no counsel so bad but may be varnished over with some plausible colour but that in truth he who searches the Scriptures will meet with many and famous instances of the wrath and vengeance of God against those who had usurped to themselves the Offices of the High-Priest That Adversaries object Negligence to Priests as an odious crime and make use of that as a Spur to incite Princes whilst they exhort them to undertake the care and conduct of Religion a thing indeed that seems fair and laudable but which has no foundation in reason to support it That as in private houses the Master of the Family allotted to every one their several businesses and would not suffer any to set about the work of another lest Order might thereby be disturbed so also in the Church which is the house of God every one had his duty assigned to him which he was to discharge so that it was undecent that Inferiours should take upon them the Offices of Superiours and that that was so much the more to be observed by how much the Church surpasses any other house in greatness and glory That seeing then the chief Office of the Church is by God recommended to Priests it was a great injury in him to act their parts and take upon him their honour That it was known what happened to Uza who put his hand to hold up the Cart wherein the Ark of God was which was tottering and ready to fall That no man but would think he had done right when in the absence of the Levites he lent a hand to support the Cart which was in danger of falling Nevertheless that God's striking of him with a sudden death was
have fully resolved by the help of God to stand upon their defence and resist this War which is brought upon them contrary to all expectation nay and to former Promises and Covenants too And therefore they have listed you and others for Soldiers with all the expedition they could But because the Heads of the League are as yet absent though within a few days they will be with us the most illustrious Prince Ulrick Duke of Wirtemberg in the mean time that all things may be done in order and no opportunity given to the Enemy of doing us any prejudice hath appointed John Heideck a Gentleman of an honourable and illustrious Family to be your Captain in place of himself Him therefore according to the Oath you have taken ye shall obey and in all things so behave yourselves that the glory and renown which our Forefathers fighting valiantly against foreign Nations of old purchased with their best Blood may be by us also handed down to our Posterity All things else we shall commit to the care of the Almighty who without doubt will in this so just a cause and defence order all matters as to his Divine Majesty it shall seem most conducing to our safety and welfare The Reader has been told before that the Protestant Deputies left Ratisbonne when they found there was no good to be done in the Conference there but Forces being now raised as we said they meet at Ulm there to consult what was to be done Therefore June the one and twentieth they write to the Doge and Senate of Venice and complaining of the Pope's injustice beg that they would not allow his Troops a free passage through their Territories and by former instances put them in mind what they and the rest of Italy were to expect if the Pope's Forces did encrease They write also to most of the Nobility of Germany and urge them not to put a stop to the Soldiers who repaired to their Camp And being informed that the Grisons and those of Tyrol were much troubled at the approach of foreign Soldiers by Letters dated the last day of June they entreat them also that they would hinder their passage and for that end promise to send them assistance They demand Aid likewise from the Citizens of Norimberg but they excuse themselves as not able seeing they were hardly strong enough to defend their own borders They moreover July the second give orders to Scherteline to fall upon the Enemy that were raising Men near the foot of the Alps and lastly they send Embassadors to the Suizers It has been said before that the Cardinal of Trent was by the Emperour sent in post haste to Rome By his means and sollicitation then the League which had been before conceived and drawn up in Writing is June the six and twentieth concluded and agreed upon on these Conditions Whereas for many Years Germany hath persisted in great Errours such as threatened extraordinary danger for the averting of which a Council hath been called that commenced at Trent in December last and whereas the Protestants reject and disown the same therefore the Pope and Emperour for the glory of God and the Publick Good but especially the Welfare of Germany have entered into league together upon certain Articles and Conditions And in the first place that the Emperour shall provide an Army and all things necessary for War and be in readiness by the Month of June next ensuing and by Force and Arms compel those who refuse the Council and maintain these Errours to embrace the ancient Religion and submit to the Holy See but that in the mean time he shall use his endeavours and try all means to accomplish that if he can without a War That he shall make no Peace nor Capitulation with them upon Terms prejudicial to the Church and Religion That the Pope besides the hundred thousand Ducats which he hath already advanced shall deposite as much more in the Bank of Venice to be employed by his Lieutenants in the War only and for no other use but if no War happen he shall receive his Money again that moreover he shall in this War maintain at his own charges for the space of six Months twelve thousand Italian Foot and five hundred Horse who shall be commanded by a General and other inferiour Officers commissioned by him but if the War be ended before six Months expire he is no longer to be obliged to keep his Forces in pay That the Emperour by virtue of a grant from the Pope may for this Year raise one half of the Church Revenues all over Spain That he may also sell as much of the Abbey-Lands of Spain as do amount to five hundred thousand Ducats but all this only for the use of the present War and upon condition also that he morgage to them as much of his own Lands and because this is a new thing and without a president he shall at the discretion of the Pope give all the security he can That if any one endeavour to hinder this their design they shall joyn their Forces and assist one another against him and to this both shall be obliged so long as the War continues and six Months after it is ended That all may freely enter into this League and share both in the Profit and Charges of the War That the Colledge of Cardinals shall also ratifie this League and that what is said of June is to be understood of the Month of June this present Year And this League both Parties signed a Copy whereof Jerome Franco the Pope's Nuncio produced afterward in Suizerland as shall be said hereafter Much about this time the French King makes Peace with the King of England leaving Buloigne in his hands till the Money he owed him should be payed And Henry the Dauphin of France having a Daughter then born to him who was named Isabel for confirmation of this new friendship the King of England is invited to be Godfather At that time also the Cardinal of St. Andrews in Scotland was about dinner-time killed in his own Castle by a Gentleman whose Brother he had too severely used for Lutheranism after the slaughter was committed the murderer fled into England July the third the Pope wrote to the Suizers and insinuating into their favour upon account of the intimate friendship that he and his Predecessours had entertained with them he bewaileth that some of them through the craft of the Devil and the arts of Rebels were snatched away from the Apostolick Religion and him like dear Children out of the bosom and embraces of a most loving Father nevertheless that it was a great blessing of God that many of them continued stedfast and constant in the Faith towards God and his Church that so others who had been seduced by the perswasions of wicked men might have an example set before their eyes and at length return to the Religion of their Forefathers for
and period of this Captivity then said the Landgrave or by what space of time is it to be limited Though the Emperour should detain you for the space of fourteen years or more said Alva yet he would do nothing contrary to his promise The Landgrave then that he might recover his liberty as soon as he could payed in all the Money not long after razed his Castles and delivered up his Artillery Now the Emperour had got a vast number of great Guns partly from him partly from the Dukes of Saxony and Wirtemberg and the Free Towns which as they say amounted to Fifty in number Of these he sent some to Milan some to Naples others to Spain and the rest he distributed in the Low-Countries there to be kept as the Monuments and Trophies of his Victory Ebleben a worthy Gentleman who as we said had been the Messenger and Truchman in negotiating the Landgrave's Pacification took his Captivity extremely ill and shortly after died for grief of it as most People thought The Emperour had resolved to fall upon the City of Magdenburg which lies upon the Elbe two days Journey below Wittemberg for they were the only People that stood it out but at the very same time Henry King of France employed Sebastian Vogelsbergh to raise Men in Germany to the number of ten Ensigns a thing the Emperour began to be jealous of Wherefore partly for this cause and partly because he thought he had another way to humble them leaving Hall he marched into Upper Germany and June the seven and twentieth sent the Marquess of Matignan with an Aid of eight Ensigns of German Foot to his Brother King Ferdinand Ferdinand was then at Leutmeritz expecting an Opportunity of Action and so soon as he had received Intelligence of the Emperor's Success and the taking of the Landgrave he wrote to those of Prague July the first commanding them to appear before him in the Castle of Prague the sixth of the same Month to answer for what they had done Being come thither with his Forces he lays open before them in a publick Assembly all the past Transactions and how many ways they had offended him accusing them of High-Treason and bidding them answer to every Particular There they humbly submit to his Will and Pleasure beseeching him not to use the Rigour of Law against them Wherefore at the Intercession of young Ferdinand the Son Augustus the Brother of Duke Maurice and some other great men the King on the tenth of July proposes these Conditions unto them That in the next Convention of States they wholy annul the League they had entred into by cancelling it and breaking all the Seals That they deliver up to him all their Charters and Writings of Liberties and Priviledges to the intent he may reform some of them and grant and confirm to them anew such as he shall think fit That they also resign all the Charters of Liberties and Immunities granted to Companies and Incorporations because some of them did give occasion to Stirs and Commotions That in like manner they give up their Castles and renounce all Jurisdiction and Customs as also all Instruments of Leagues and especially of that Association which they made amongst themselves and of that Alliance they had entred into with John Frederick That they pay for ever the Excise of Beer which had been granted him only for three years That they bring all their Artillery and Ammunition into the Castle and all their private Arms into the Town-house If they thus do he promises to spare the Multitude excepting some few whom he resolved to punish as they deserved and keep Prisoners for the Publick Good. The People being acquainted with this and fifty Prisoners set at liberty the Conditions were accepted and agreed unto Some of the Nobility being cited and not appearing at the day were sentenced to have forfeited Honour Life and Goods so that some other Cities and Nobles submitted without any Condition as Prague had done But Caspar Pflug whom the Confederates had made their General as we said was condemned of High-Treason and a Reward of Five thousand Florins set upon his Head. Afterwards in the Convention of States the League was abrogated and cancelled and the King obtained from them every thing almost that he had demanded Whilst the Emperour is triumphing in Germany a dangerous Sedition broke out at Naples The Cause of it was That the Viceroy Peter of Toledo would after the Spanish manner inquire into their Faith and Religion The Citizens murmured heavily at this and being weary of the Spanish Government rose in Arms But after a great deal of Butchery and Bloodshed committed in the City the Spaniards who were Masters of the Forts and Castles got the better on 't So that some of the Seditious being fined the rest were banished Now the Spanish Inquisition which makes such a noise now adays was heretofore set up in those Places by King Ferdinand and Isabel against the Jews who after Baptism observed their own Rites and Laws But now that Luther's Name was up it was promiscuously practised and that with great Severity and short Process too against all who were in the least supected At the very same time the French King sends seven Cardinals to Rome commanding them to stay there till fresh Orders That was thought to have been done that by their means the Pope might be wholly inclined to the Amity and Friendship of the King and that if he chanced to die being now fourscore years of age they might procure another to be chosen that was no Enemy to his Majesty Nor were there wanting some who gave it out that it was done by the advice and interest of the Constable that they being out of the way he might alone do all with the King for generally they all followed the Court whithersoever the King went. A little before the Pope had sent a Legat into France Jerome Roman a Cardinal with a most ample Commission to dispence with many things prohibited both by the Laws and Decrees of Councils At that time also he created Charles the Son of Claude Duke of Guise and Archbishop of Reims Cardinal as knowing him to be the King's Favourite On the other hand the King of France to ingratiate himself the more promises his Natural Daughter a young Lady of nine years of age in Marriage to Horatio Farnese the Pope's Grandchild by his Son. The Emperour leaving Hall came to Bamberg that at so near a distance he might awe the Bohemians the more and give Strength and as it were Sinews to his Brother King Ferdinand Whilst he was here on the third day of July he called a Diet of the Empire commanding all to meet the first of September at Ausburg the Princes in Person and all the rest by Deputies with full Power and Commission and declaring That the War had hindred him from holding a Diet at
Scriptures and Doctrine of the Fathers without prejudice or affection and that they themselves should be heard to the full Then other Decrees are read over as it is customary especially that concerning Religion and all are strictly charged to obey it as was before declared May the Fifteenth We named before the three Authors of the Book called the Interim One of them John Islebius had liberal Rewards both from the Emperour and King Ferdinand for his pains but Michael Sidonius got afterward the Bishoprick of Mensburg in Saxony this gave occasion to some to joke upon them and say that they only maintained amongst other things the Popish Chrisme and Oyl to be used as sacred and necessary to Salvation that they themselves might come off the better greased Not long after the Emperour sent his Letters to the Princes that were absent especially to those who seemed most to stand in need of it commanding them forthwith to obey that Decree And July the Tenth he wrote to Erasmus Bishop of Strasburg to use endeavours that that which with so much labour and pains he had brought about should be put into execution and that if he wanted fit Men he should provide himself somewhere else The Report of this Decree was soon spread abroad far and near And the Venetians July the Nineteenth publish a Proclamation charging all who had Books containing any thing contrary to the Catholick Faith to bring them in within eight days to some certain Men appointed for that afterwards inquisition would be made and such as deserved be punished promising Reward and Secresie to Informers The Pope hath a Legat or Nuncio always there as in the Courts of Princes also these see and hear with the Eyes and Ears of many and are often the Causes why Decrees of that nature are made But the Senate of Venice useth this Circumspection that they suffer not the Romish Bishops and Inquisitors to be sole Judges but always joyn with them the Governours of Places and Lawyers to Examine the Evidences and take care that no Sentence pass against any Man within their Jurisdiction out of malice or for love of gain They made this Law in the year 1521. when in the Country of Brescia the Inquisitors tyrannised cruelly over poor Wretches as if they had been Sorcerers and in Compact with the Devil And now when the Doctrine of Luther had taken deep rooting and was spread far and near that Law was in force still whatever the Papist muttered who would have it abrogated Much about this time the King of France sent Auxiliary Forces into Scotland against the English and amongst these some Germans under the Conduct of the Rhinegrave But the Emperour Proscribes Hubert Count Bichling and Sebastian Scherteline in one and the same Proclamation and not long after the Rhinegrave Count Heideck Pecrod and Pifeberg beseeching all Foreign Princes not to entertain nor protect them but to gratifie him in that particular and assuring them that they might expect the like from him when occasion offered The Duke of Vendosme a Prince of the Royal Blood of France Married the Lady Jane Daughter to the King of Navarre who seven years before had been betrothed and given to the Duke of Cleve as has been said Eleanor the Emperours Sister Queen Dowager of France leaves France and goes to live in the Netherlands The Duke of Aumale Son to the Duke of Guise after he had long courted the Duchess of Lorrain the Emperours Sisters Daughter Married the Daughter of Hercules Duke of Ferrara About that time Louis d' Avila a Spaniard wrote the History of the Emperours Wars in Germany in the vulgar Language which was afterwards Translated into Italian Latin and French where he speaketh of the taking of Marquess Albert he saith That he minded his pleasures so much with Women that he neglected his Duty and misbehaved himself at Nochlitz Though the Emperour had given most strict charge that no Man should in any manner impugne the Book that was published about Religion nevertheless several Pieces came abroad that confuted all the Doctrine contained in it and admonished Man to beware of it as a most dangerous Plague Amongst these was Caspar Eagle Minister of the Church of Salfield in Thuringe The occasion of Writing was given by Islebius who was upon his way home from Ausburg and bragg'd mightily of that Book saying That a Golden Age was now at hand and that Eagle had also assented to it When this came to his Ears he wrote a most bitter Answer giving him the Lye and affirming the Book to be stuffed with false Doctrines In France also Robert Bishop of Auranches wrote against it but upon a different account and rejected the same chiefly because it allowed Marriage to Priests and the Sacrament in both Kinds to the Laity where taking occasion by the way he bitterly inveighs against Bucer for Marrying a second Wife Romey also General of the Order of St. Dominick wrote against it for the same Reasons at Rome So that the little Book was found fault with by both sides The Emperour had sent an Ambassadour to the City and State of Norimberg to persuade them to submit to the Decree that was made On his way thither he solicited the Sons of the Duke of Saxony to the same purpose but they all resolutely refused Upon his return he gave the Emperour a full account of his Negotiation Wherefore the Emperour makes his application again to the Captive Prince complaining of his Sons that not only they rejected the Decree lately made but also suffered the Ministers to rail against it in their Pulpits and Writings wherefore he desires him to use his Authority with them that they would give him satisfaction as to both these Points To this he makes Answer That he had lately satisfied Granvell and the Bishop of Arras why he himself did not approve the Doctrine of the published Book which being so he would not persuade his Sons to do that which he could not with a good Conscience do himself that he earnestly besought him to take it in good part and to favour both him and his Sons with his protection This constancy of his and singular fortitude of Mind in bearing Adverse Fortune purchased him the Love and Esteem of all Men. As the States of Bremen and Magdenberg were the only People in Saxony who were not reconciled to the Emperour so were also those of Constance that border upon the Switzers the only in Upper Germany but at length having obtained a safe Conduct they send Deputies to Ausburg to Negotiate a Peace The Emperour proposed very hard Conditions to them and amongst these that they should receive the Publick Book and conform their Religion unto it The Deputies desire some mitigation of the Conditions but that was in vain and they are commanded to bring their Answer by a day prefixt The Senate being made
to house and many of the Seditious were taken who were in several manners put to death Fourteen Gentlemen were also brought forth with Halters about their Necks of whom one or two being beheaded the German Officers interceded for the rest and begg'd their Lives of the Constable Twelve days were spent in this sad and bloody spectacle and yet that was not all for besides those that suffered death a great many were sent to the Galleys All their Bells also were taken from them not only in the Town but likewise in the Country about that they might not ring any Alarm as they had done before Then all their Charters and publick Writings containing their Liberties and Freedoms were burnt they themselves making the Fire And because they had killed the King's Lieutenant the Constable made them scrape up the Earth where he was buried with their Nails and Fingers allowing them no Tool or Instrument to do it with so that the dead Body being found it was solemnly buried with a great Procession of Monks and Priests who went before the Corps After came all the Citizens about five thousand in number each with a Wax Taper in his hand and when they past before the Constable's Lodgings the Corps was set down at some paces distance then the Towns-people falling upon their Knees with a lamentable cry beg pardon bewail and curse their fact and thank the King for not punishing them more rigorously Having so ordered all Matters he left a Garison in the Town and marched away on the ninth of November There happened a very strange thing at that time in Italy In Citadella a Town not far from Padoua belonging to the State of Venice lived one Franccis Spira a Lawyer of great Practice at the Bar. This Man began with incredible Zeal to embrace the Reformed Religion and making daily more and more proficiency in it he told his Thoughts of the several Points of Doctrine not only to his Friends at home but abroad every where to all This thing could not be long concealed but was at length carried to John Caso Archbishop of Benevento who was then the Pope's Legate at Venice When Spira came to know this he very well saw what danger he was in and therefore having long cast about and considered with himself what was best to be done he resolved at length to go to the Legate who had sent for him Wherefore going to Venice and having confessed his Error as he thought or as fear made him call it he begg'd Absolution and promised Obedience for the future Though the Legate was glad of his voluntary Confession yet for Example-sake he enjoyns him to go home and make a publick Recantation of what he had said before He promised to do so and although he then began to repent of what he had done yet at the solicitation of his Friends who told him that the welfare not only of himself but of his Wife Children Estate and all depended on it he obeyed But not long after he fell sick both in Body and Mind and began to despair of God's Mercy By the advice thereof of his friends he is removed from Citadella to Padoua that he might both have the assistance of Physicians and the ghostly comfort of learned and pious Men. When he had been visited by the Physicians John Paul Crasso Bellacata and Frisimelega they presently gave their opinion that the Distemper was contracted by pensiveness and over-eager thinking and that the best Remedy for him was good Discourse and ghostly Consolation Many learned Men therefore come daily to him and laboured to cure his Mind by such Texts of Scripture as declare the manifold Mercies of God towards us He again told them that he denyed not but that all they said was true but that these Texts did not belong to him for that he was damned to everlasting Pains because for fear of danger he had abjured the known Truth that these Pains he felt already in his Mind and that he could not love God but horribly hated him In this condition he persisted refusing all Sustenance and when they forced Food into his mouth ever spitting it out again It would be tedious to relate all that past either what he said or what others alledged from holy Scripture to cure his despair Since then all Advice and Counsel were but cast away upon him and that both his bodily infirmity and the anguish of his Mind encreased more and more daily he was carried home again and there miserably died in that sad state of Despair Whilst he lay at Padoua amongst others Petro Paulo Vergerio Bishop of Justinopolis a Town in Istria under the Dominion of the Venetians came often to visit and comfort him Mention is made in the foregoing Books of Vergerio's being employed by the Popes Clement and Paul as their Nuncio in Germany He was also in very great favour with King Ferdinand whilst he was in Hungary Who having there a Daughter baptized by the name of Catharine Vergerio with George Marquess of Brandenburg and the Archbishop of Lundon who were the Godfathers But afterwards he revolted from the Papacy and that upon a very strange occasion Upon his return to Rome whither he had been recalled after the Conference of Wormes which was in the beginning of the year 1541. The Pope designed to have made him a Cardinal amongst other new ones whom then he was about to promote But it was whispered about by some that through long conversation with the Germans he was become a Lutheran When Vergerio heard this from Cardinal Ginucio whom the Pope had told it to he was strangely surprised and to purge himself retired into his own Country and there began a Book to which he gave this Title Against the Apostates of Germany Now whilst for confuting the Opinions he carefully perusued the Books of his Adversaries and attentively considered their Arguments he perceived himself worsted and overcome and laying aside all hopes of a Cardinals Hat he went to ask advice of his own Brother John Baptista Bishop of the City of Pola His Brother terrified at first bewailed the poor mans condition But having at his earnest prayer and entreaty applied himself to the search of the holy Scriptures and diligently weighed that Point of Doctrine concerning Justification and having compared things together he yielded and concluded the Popish Doctrine to be false Whereupon rejoycing in one another they began to teach the people of Istria which is the proper Office of a Bishop and to preach up the benefit of Christ to mankind and to tell the people what works God requires of us that so they might bring over Men to the true Worship of their Maker But many Adversaries arose against them especially the Monks called the Observantines who informed the Inquisitors of whom the chief was Hannibal Grisonio who had for Colleague Jerome Mutio the same that afterwards wrote an Invective
assurance that they would not annoy him nor his Friends for that he had been put in good hopes by the Letters of a great many that if Liberty were once restored the Peace of the Church might also be upon lawful terms established all ambition and desire of private lucre being set aside That these were the things he thought fit to declare unto them that they might know what his will and purpose was That therefore he did require that no Person would offer to hinder or molest him or his Friends in the prosecution of so just a War and so necessary for the welfare of Germany for that otherwise if any Man should so much forget the love and duty which he owed to his Country as to think of making resistance he would destroy him with Fire and Sword and though it would be against his will to do so yet if any such should be he must be cut off as a rotten and corrupt Member from the rest of the Body lest he might hurt by Contagion and so be restrained from doing of Mischief That they might learn the rest from his Ambassador the Bishop of Byonne that he sent to them with fuller Instructions to whom he willed them to give Credit This Declaration was Printed and Published in the vulgar Tongue with a Cap betwixt two Daggers over head and this Motto The Emblem of Liberty underneath was the title of the King who called himself the Defender of the Liberty of Germany and of the Captive Princes Some say that this cognisance was to be found on ancient Medals and was given by the Murtherers of Julius Caesar Whereas he said that the Emperor had allotted a reward to those who should kill some of his Collonels the Story is this The Emperor had by a late Edict again proscribed the Rhinegrave Recrod Rifeberg and Scherteline who all served the King of France as we said before and had promised a reward of four thousand Florins to him that should bring in any one of them dead or alive for they were great promoters of the Cause and after the League we mentioned was made went into Germany and there raised Soldiers whom they carried into France Now Scherteline was in a manner forced to fly over to the French King after he had for some years in vain sollicited but could not by any man's Intercession be received into favour again with the Emperor nor King Ferdinand These declarations of the Princes and French King being dispersed over Germany wrought hope in some but in many fear and anxiety Duke Maurice who disguised all things held a convention of the States of his Dominion on the first of March and amongst other things declared unto them that being cited to appear by the Landgrave's Sons he could no longer shuffle with them nor frustrate their Expectation that he was therefore going to them that he might fullfil his Promise and Engagement that in the mean time they should obey his Brother Augustus whom he left to govern them in his absence and to raise Men for the defence of the Frontiers that they might not be unprovided if any thing should happen The Elector of Brandenburg was present there it being the day he had been cited to appear on but having obtained leave from the Landgrave's Sons to appear another time when he should be summoned to come and fulfil his Promise he returned Home In the mean time Duke Maurice having settled all things at home and assigned some Counsellors to his Brother Augustus went with few in Company to the Forces which as I said he had lying in Thuringe and marching forwards a little waited for the coming of the Landgrave's Son. Before he parted from home Henry Burgrave of Misnia a Man of Illustrious Birth and Chancellor of Bohemia had in King Ferdinand's Name treated earnestly with him about an accommodation Now when on the eighteenth of March the Landgrave's Son was come with his Forces to Erlebach the French Ambassador being there also they both wrote to the City of Frankfurt requiring them amongst other things not to admit a Garrison from the Emperor and although their answer from within was not plain enough nor to their satisfaction yet there was nothing else done because it concerned him to hasten his March forwards Six days after he joyned Duke Maurice and so in three days more all the Army came to Schuinfurt there Duke Maurice told him that King Ferdinand offered to Mediate and had both by Letters and Agents plainly enough intimated that he had Power also to treat about his Father's Liberty He therefore making the French Ambassador privy to it was willing he said to hear what conditions and demands King Ferdinand would propose That being resolved upon they march in great haste by Rotenburg Dinklespiel and Nordlingeâ— to Donawert at Rotenburg they were joyned by Albert Marquess of Brandenburg with his Forces both Horse and Foot wheresoever they past they brought the Towns-People under Subjection and made new Magistrates in place of those the Emperor put in whom they turned out making them also furnish Money and Ordnance and because Ausburg was but meanly Garrisoned and that about the same time part of the Wall and Rampart was fallen down on the first day of March they set forward and marching all night came before it the first of April about noon where by making some Incursions they shewed themselves to be Enemies The Emperor had sent four Companies of Foot into the Town but when four days after the Towns-People surrendred the Place they had leave given them to March away Then they summon the Cities of upper Germany and Norimberg amongst the rest commanding them to appear at Ausburg by the end of April That also sollicite Ulm which is but nine Miles distant from Ausburg to assist them with all thins necessary and enter into Society with them Much about the same time the Prince of Salerno upon occasion of a quarrel which he had with the Viceroy of Naples revolted from the Emperor and went into France Whilst these things are acting in Germany the French King having taken the Field with a vast Army made himself Master of Toul and Verdan two Imperial Cities upon the Frontiers of France After ward he marched to Lorrain and sent the young Duke a Boy of nine years of Age into France though his Mother the Dutchess Dowager had begged earnestly to the contrary and promised to give him his Daughter in Marriage Whilst he himself is taken up about these affairs the Constable Ann of Momorency who commanded the Van possesses himself of Metz a famous Imperial City on the tenth of April there being but a small Garrison in it and the French having made fair Promises protesting that their King had taken up Arms only for the defence of their Liberty For when March the fifteenth the King marched over the borders of France by Letters and Messengers whom he sent unto them he
the French Ambassador's Letter lately read in the Meeting of the Princes as we said before That his Imperial Majesty had had Peace with the French King which he punctually observed and that though some things had been done by him insolently and haughtily yet for publick Peace sake he had dissembled them but that though he had by his Ambassador promised great Matters yet when he pretended no such thing he had made War against him both by Sea and Land without any previous Declaration That moreover he the Emperor had offered already that if the Elector Duke Maurice did propose in his name any reasonable Conditions of Peace that did quadrate with his past Actions he would not refuse them but that no certain nor definite Proposition had been made it being his drift that as he had laid the blame of the breach of Peace at his door so he would have him also make the first step towards an Agreement That moreover he laboured to vindicate himself from having made a League with the Turk as if it had been an aspersion cast upon him But all that was no more than a Sham for if it were needful the Memoirs of the French Ambassador d'Aremont written for the help of his memory at Constantinople and sent to the King by one Captain la Coste might be produced and shewn That the intercepted Letters of the Turks Lieutenant in Hungary written to the Princes now in League and others might also be exhibited That it appeared manifestly from them that he himself was the Author of the damage done by the Turkish Fleet last year and did spur them on to have done as much this year being heartily sorry that they had not done more mischief than they did That in short it was the Design of him and the Grand Signior utterly to ruine him and his Brother King Ferdinand that they might afterwards plunge their Neighbors and chiefly the Germans into the depth of danger and distress but that how well these things agreed with his fair Promises and how safe like to prove to Germany any man might easily understand for the thing it self declared plainly what mind he was of how that the chief States of the Empire had been most underservedly harrassed oppressed and almost utterly undone the same year That many others had been exposed to the worst of dangers That by the help of the Germans who joyned with him some places of the Empire had been reduced under his tryannical Power and were now fortified by him the whole fault was his and his only That the Case being so then he did not see what credit was to be given to the Lies and Forgeries of his Ambassadors Letter and that it had been far better in his Judgment to have rejected it than to have admitted any such Answer That if they carefully considered the Matter he made no doubt but they would see what Projects he was carrying on by means of his Ambassador and that since that Writing did not at all concern the Treaty in hand it seemed not to him necessary to make any further Answer to it July the Thirteenth King Ferdinand sent Henry of the illustrious Plawen-Family Burgrave of Misnia and Chancellor of Bohemia to the Camp before Franckfurt who coming to Duke Maurice on the twenty fourth of July and having for some time debated Matters with him at length perswaded him to Peace So that on the last of July contrary to all mens expectation the whole Matter was concluded as shall be related hereafter Amongst the other Arguments used to perswade him this was one that he would consider with himself what danger he would be exposed to if he accepted not the Conditions both from the Emperor who had a very strong Army on foot and also from his Cousin John Frederick whom the Emperor had set at liberty and was now upon sending him home and that the Landgrave's Son should consider also into how great peril he must needs bring his Father in Prison and the whole Province too After the Peace was made the great Guns which as we said before the Elector Palatine was forced to furnish were carried into the Town that they might not fall into the hands of the Marquess Albert. In the Month of July the French King having taken some Towns in the Duchy of Luxembourg as hath been said before brought his Army into Artois but without any memorable Action done to refresh his Men and save them from infection he disbanded them and returned home himself having fortified and garison'd the Places which he had taken and given the Command of all to the Duke of Guise a Prince of great Authority in France But he commanded the Duchess Dowager of Lorain the Emperor's Sisters Daughter to depart out of the Kingdom She on the Twelfth of July came to Strasburg and staid there several days having with her her Husband's Sister who was also sent going by the French King. Wolffgang Master of the Teutonick Order mentioned before who in the Imperial Diets takes place next to the Archbishops came also to Strasburg being driven out of his own Countrey Marquess Albert who had joyned the Confederates on their March to Frankfurt leaving them at the Siege marched towards the rhine and there forced Worms and Spire to submit to pay him Money and furnish great Guns whithersoever he went the Priests were all fled before or else changing their Habit staid and pretended to be of some other Profession And when he came near to Franconia the neighbouring Bishops and other Prelates all fled for their own Safety the Archbishop of Mentz also who for fear of Marquess Albert was gone before as hath been said on the Twenty fifth of July came as an Exile to Strasburg where having lodged one night he passed over the Rhine The Bishop of Spire a very aged man fled to Saverne and not long after died there The Bishop of Wormes by Mediation of the Palatine returned home after he had paid a Composition of twelve thousand Florins Marquess Albert having taken the Cities we mentioned on the twenty eighth of July wrote to the Senate of Strasburg both in his own and French King's Name requiring them to give him and the Confederates access into the City at all times to receive a Garison when there should be occasion and to take an Oath of Fidelity for that this War was carried on for the common concern and relief of Germany and that it would neither be honourable nor safe for them to stand out and not joyn with the rest seeing he and his Confederates had now again mustered all their Forces to accomplish that Design The Senate two days after wrote him back an Answer That for many years past it had been their chief wish that the true Religion of Christ and the ancient Liberty might flourish all over Germany and that they had not only directed all their Counsels and Actions to that scope but also
great change that was made in the Publick Religion and the Laws betook themselves to Germany some to Wesel and others to Franckfort and Strasburg John Alasco a Polander of Noble Birth and great Learning who was the Brother of Jerome before this Winter began went thence to Denmark but being not so kindly entertained there on the account of his differing from them in the Point of the Eucharist and being denied an Habitation on the same score in the Lower Saxony at length he went to Emden a City of Friseland and there he setled The Fourth Day of March the Queen put out a Book of Articles or Injunctions wherein she commanded the Bishops and their Vicars not to admit any man into Holy Orders who was suspected of Heresie That they should extirpate Heresies suppress and destroy hurtful and pestilent Books That they should prescribe certain Rules to all School-Masters and Preachers and suppress those who did not conform That they should deprive all Married Priests and punish them as their wickedness deserved but that those who with the consent of their Wives should promise to divorce themselves and to abstain for the future should be treated with more gentleness and that they should restore all those that would do Penance for this Offence to their Livings again That all Publick Prayers should be in the Latine Tongue and according to the ancient Forms That all the ancient Holy-days Fasts and Ceremonies should be again observed That all Children already Baptized when they grew up should be brought to the Bishop to be confirmed And that they should be taught in the Schools how they are to minister to the Priest in the Mass at the Altar When Henry the Eighth abolished the Papal Supremacy in England as I have observed in the Ninth Book of this History he passed an Act of Parliament that no man should be admitted to any Ecclesiastical Function or Dignity unless he had first taken an Oath in which he acknowledg'd him and his Successors Supream Head of the Church of England and that the Pope had no Authority over the Church nor was better than a Bishop of Rome with whom they would have nothing to do This Oath the Queen even now remitted and commanded the Bishops not to exact it of any man and thereby did tacitly restare the Pope's Supremacy That which concerns the Publick Prayers went thus Henry the Eighth had commanded them to be said in the vulgar Tongue and in them amongst other things they prayed that God would deliver them from the Seditions Conspiracies and Tyranny of the Bishop of Rome and this Printed Form of Prayer was by this Order of the Queen abolished Soon after this Elizabeth the Queens Sister a Lady of great Learning was committed to the Tower because she was suspected to have had an hand in Wiat's Rebellion In the End of March the Enemies of Albert Marquess of Brandenburg returned to the Siege of Schweinfurt In April there came over into Germany Sir Richard Morison Knight whose Embassie I have mentioned in the Book before this Sir Anthony Cook and Sir John Cheeke Knights both the King's Schoolmasters and Men of great Learning and these all afterwards travelled into Italy And soon after Dr. John Poinet Bishop of Winchester came over also who together with many other Bishops was about this time displaced by reason of this Change of Religion The Forces of the Duke of Florence and the Pope besieging Siena about this time Peter Strozza who defended that City in the Name of the King of France learning something of their state by his Spies on a sudden made a Sally upon them and slew a great number of their Souldiers but they recruited their Army and continued the Siege for all that Loss whereupon the King of France levied Three Thousand Swiss for the relief of that Place The Duke of Florence also marries his Daughter to Ascanio the Pope's Nephew and the Methods of advancing his Fortunes by this Marriage were taken into consideration About this time also Ferdinand Gonzaga Governor of the Duchy of Milan came into Flanders to the Emperor Baptista Castaldus whom the Emperor had sent some years since into Hungary as I have said came also about this time to him About the middle of April Sir Thomas Wiat was executed at London He declared that neither the Lady Elizabeth nor Courtney Earl of Devonshire were acquainted with the Rebellion About the same time Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury and Hugh Latimer Bishop of London were removed first to Windsor and then to Oxford and a Disputation being mannaged against them by the Students both of Oxford and Cambridge the 16th 17th and 18th of April concerning Transubstantiation and the Propitiatory Sacrifice of the Mass and they continuing stedfast in their Former Opinion they were again committed to Prison At the same time there was a Parliament sate in England wherein the Queen especially recommended to the States her Marriage and the restitution of the Pope's Supremacy The first of these she carried upon certain Conditions but the latter was so vigorously opposed by the Upper House that she could not then bring it about In the mean time Cardinal Poole having spent some time with the Emperor in Flanders went to the King of France and endeavoured to bring these Princes to make a Peace but his Mediation had no good success In the end of April Albert of Brandenburg having received 60000 Crowns set Aumale his Prisoner at Liberty A little before this time Holansperg another of his strong Places was taken from him by the Confederates Not long after this the Emperor being then at Brussels by his Letters confirmed the Outlawry decreed the last Winter in the Imperial Chamber of Spire against the Marquess of Brandenburg in which having complained that the Marquess had with impunity committed such Ravages and made such Devastations in the Empire he in the next place severely commands all the Princes and States and especially those that lay next him to execute the said Sentence against the Marquess There had before this been two Meetings at Rotenburg a City of Franconia upon the River Tauber in order to the putting an end to this War but they being both frustrated the Emperor put out this Decree against him which was set up in all places and soon after there was a Diet of the Circle of the Rhine holden at Worms concerning this Business I have often mentioned the General Diet which was summoned in August but the Emperor being hindred from being present in it both by Sickness and Wars Ferdinand his Brother at his Request undertook the management of it and sollicited the Princes to meet who excused their Appearance there on the account of the troubled state of Germany The Emperor had already sent thither some of his Council and amongst them the Cardinal of Ausburg but none of the Princes coming thither for the Causes aforesaid it was deferred to a fitter opportunity Albert had
several Towns for the Protestants 388. Routed by Duke Maurice 504. Taken into the service of Duke Maurice Assists the Magdeburghers 514. Henry the VII Emperor refuses to pay Allegiance to the Pope 38. Henry the VIII Writes against Luther 50. Is called defender of the Faith Ibid. Is Pensioner to Charles the V. 51. His Daughter Mary is Betrothed to Charles Ibid. Writes to the Princes of the House of Saxony against Luther 65. Receives a Golden Rose from the Pope 75. Writes a Scornful answer to Luther's Letter 101. Makes a League with France in the absence of King Francis 102. Makes a League with Francis against Charles 112. His answer to the Protestant Princes of Germany 150. Is dissatisfied about his Marriage with Catharine 169. Sues to be Divorced Ibid. They are Dilatory at Rome Ibid. He Marries Anne Boleyn 170. Is declared in Parliament head of the Church Ibid. Revokes Peter Pence Ibid. Sends Fox Bishop of Hereford Ambassador to the Protestants at Smalcald 188. His Ambassadors winter at Wittemberg 205. His Letter to the Protestants Ibid. He beheads Anne Boleyn 206. Quells a rising in England 209. His Reasons against the Council of Mantua 231. His Reasons against the Council at Vicenza 250. He enacts in Parliament several things about Religion 251. Marries Anne of Cleve Ibid. His Answer to the Elector of Saxony's Ambassador 255. Beheads romwel Earl of Essex 267. Is divorced from Anne of Cleve Ibid. Marries Catharine Howard Ibid. Burns Papists and Protestants for Religion 269. Beheads Catharine Howard for Adultery 289. Marries Catharine Parr Ibid. Makes a successful War in Scotland 324. He makes an Expedition into France 327. Takes Bologne Ibid. Makes a Treaty of Peace with France 355. Forewarns the Protestants in Germany of their danger 356. Dies 418. Henry of Zutphen suffers for Religion in Germany 75. Henry Duke of Saxony refuses to change his Religion to gain the Dutchy 249. But gains it by George's Death 250. Henry Dauphin of France has a Daughter 382. Henry the II. of France succeeds to Francis the I. 424. Is Crowned 435. The Ceremony of it Ibid. Persecutes the Lutherans severely in France 456. Enters Paris in State 484. Crowns his Queen Ibid. Persecutes the Lutherans Ibid. Makes a League with the Switzers Ibid. Regains several Places from England 485. Publishes another Edict against the Lutherans 492. Sends a Letter to the Pope about his assisting Octavio Farnese 514. He declares War against the Emperor with his reasons 517. Justifies himself from Leagues with the Turk 518. Sends the Abbot of Bellozane to Trent with a Letter to the Council Ibid. He Publishes an Edict against the Pope 521. And another against the Lutherans Ibid. Answers the Emperors Declaration 522. Hinders the Switzers from sending Ambassadors to the Council of Trent 528. He sends Ambassadors to Duke Maurice 529. Makes Peace with the Pope 548. He declares War against the Emperor 553. Calls himself Protector of the Liberties of Germany 554. He takes Toul Verdun Metz 555. Takes an Oath of Allegiance from the People of Metz Ibid. His Treaty with the Strasburghers 557. His answer to the Princes Ambassadors 558. The reasons of his leaving Germany 559. His answer to the Switzers Ibid. He Wastes Luxembourg 563. His Ambassadors Speech at the Treaty of Passaw 564. He Sollicites again by Letters from Aichstadt 567. He brings his Men from Luxembourg back into Artois 571. Is offended with the Pacification at Passaw 572. Writes to the Emperor 576. Sends a Declartion to the States of the Empire 577. Carries on the War in the Low Countries 603. But is beaten in Tuscany in the Sienese War 604. His Letter to the Diet at Francfort Ibid. Takes Casal 613. Carries on the War into Montferrat 617. Hereford vide Fox Herman vide Cologne Hesse vide Philip Landgrave Hildesheym a City in the Dutchy of Brunswick embraces the Protestant Religion 300. they are accused by their Bishop to the Emperor 313. Hogostratus James a Dominican writes against Luther 4. Commissioned by Maximilian to Examine Jewish Books 30. Writes against Reuchlin Ibid. Is cast by the Bishop of Spire Ibid. Appeals to Rome Ibid. Leaves his Cause Ibid. Examines two Augustine Friars at Brussels 63. Holland an Inundation there 137. Hooper John Bishop of Glocester burnt for his Religion 607. Huberine Caspar an Interimist Preaches at Augsbourg 535. Hugh Capet makes himself King of France 150. Huglie John a Protestant burnt for Religion by the Bishop of Constance 105. Hungarians beg for assistance at the Diet of Spire 324. Their Horse join Duke Maurice 409. Husse John Preaches Wiclef's Doctrine 46. Appeals from the Pope to Christ Ibid. Went to the Council of Constance with safe Conduct 47. There burnt Ibid. Hutton Ulricus a Noble Man of Franconia 65. Favours Luther and dies Ibid. I JAmes the V. of Scotland Marries King Francis's Daughter 209. His Queen dies 230. Makes a War with England unsuccessfully 304. Dies Ibid. Jerome Bishop of Brandenbourg 2. Jerome of Prague burnt at the Council of Constance 47. Jerome Bishop of Ascoli summons Luther by P. Leo's Order to appear at Rome 5. Jews compared with Roman Clergy 29. Illyricus Matthias Flaccius Writes against the Adiaphorists 498. Imperial Chamber Vide Protestants is set up again in the Diet at Augsbourg 466. The Judges fly from Spire for fear of the Confederate Princes 557. They answer Marquess Albert's Deputation about the Franconian Bishops 577. They decree in Favour of the Bishops 578. Indulgences Preacht up in Germany 1 2. Confirmed by Pope Clement's Decree in the Extravagants 9. Why granted 273. Indult vide P. Paul the III. P. Innocent the III. Decreed to the Electoral Princes a right of chusing the Emperor 21. His decree de Majoritate Obedientia 107. Inquisition its Original 434. Inquisitors about the Emperor's Edict of Religion in the Netherlands how they proceed 498. Interim drawn up at Augsbourg 454. The heads of it 458. Often Revised and Corrected 459. Sent to Rome ibid. The Electors differ in their Opinion about it ibid. Those who draw it up are rewarded 468. It is disliked on both sides Ibid. Confuted by the Saxon Divines 481. Joachim Elector of Brandenbourg sends an Embassie to the Elector of Saxony 242. Sends Agents to Eysenach 244. Made Geneali ssimo against the Turks 292. He Strikes in with the Papists in the War against the Smalcaldick League 375. Interposes for a Peace 418. With the Landgrave Ibid. Intereedes for Saxony 427. And his Life was spared at his Intercession 428. Intercedes for the Landgrave 429. Remonstrates to the Emperor for him at Hall 433. Calls Bucer to Augsbourg 454. Angry with him for not subscribing the Interim 457. Receives the Interim 461. Acts with Duke Maurice in the Magdeburgick War 505 506. He sends Ambassadors to the Conncil of Trent 526. His Ambassadors with those of D. Maurice Sollicite the Emperor about the Landgrave 531. John XXII P. vide Aquinas John King of Denmark overthrows the Swedes 62. Dying leaves his Son
days ibid. Marot Clement an account of him 310. Mary Q. of Hungary made Governess of the Netherlands 149. Goes to Augsbourg to Mediate for the mitigation of the Emperors Edict 501. Holds a Convention of the States of the Netherlands at Aix la Chapelle 560. She stops the Landgrave at Mastricht 573. Mary Q. of Scots Troubles in her Minority 316. Affianced to Prince Edward of England ibid. Is carried into France 477. Mary Daughter to Henry VIII Proclaims her self Queen of England upon K. Edward's death 589. Enters London ibid. Makes Gardiner Chancellor ibid. Beheads the D. of Northumberland ibid. She Establishes the Popish Religion again in England 591. Orders a publick Disputation at London 593. Dissolves K. Edward's Laws about Religion in Parliament 595. Marries Pr. Philip of Spain ibid. Breaks Wiat's Conspiracy 596. Beheads Jane Grey and the Duke of the Suffolk ibid. Banishes Foreign Protestants out of England 597. Publishes a Book of Articles about Religion ibid. Commits the Princess Ellizabeth to the Tower 598. Her Marriage with K. Philip is solemnized with great splendor 604. Calls a Parliament wherein England is again subjected to Rome 605 606. Dissolves that Parliament 607. Burns several for Religion ibid. She mediates a Peace between the Emperor and King of France 616. It was reported that she was with Child ibid. She encreases the Persecution in England ibid. Her Ambassadors return home from Rome 618. She calls a Parliament where she proposes the Restitution of the Church-Lands in vain 627. Martyr Peter comes into England and professes Divinity at Oxon 443. Disputes there about the Lord's Supper 483. Is in trouble upon Edward's Death 590. Applies himself to Cranmer ibid. Gets leave to be gone Ibid. Goes to Zurich 637. Matthews John a great Prophet among the Anabaptists commands a Community of Goods 194. Runs Truteling through with a Pike by Inspiration ibid. Is run through himself by a Soldier ibid. Maurice D. of Saxony Marries the Landgrave's Daughter 272. Quarrels with the Elector of Saxony 292. Is wounded in Hungary 304. Refuses to enter into the Protestant League after his Father's death ibid. Makes Laws for the Government of the Country 311. Endeavours an accommodation between the D. of Brunswick and the Landgrave 353. Perswades the D. of Brunswick to surrender 354. Purges himself of Treachery ibid. Holds a Secret Conference with the Emperor at Ratisbon 380. Has a Conference with K. Ferdinand 391. Calls a Convention of the States at Chemnitz 405. Consults against the Protestants ibid. His Friends write to the Protestants 406. He writes to the Landgrave ibid. Writes to the Elector 409. And to his Son ibid. Takes most of the Electors Towns ibid. Is ill spoken of and Lampoon'd by the Protestants 410. Publishes a Manifesto to clear himself ibid. Joins Ferdinand to go towards Bohemia 423. Intercedes for the Landgrave 429. Writes to the Landgrave to comply 430. Receives Wittemberg with the rest of the Electorate from the Emperor 431. Exacts an Oath of Allegiance of John Frederick's Subjects ibid. Promises the Landgrave to interceed with the Emperor at Hall 433. And Remonstrates about it ibid. Receives the Wittemberg Divines Graciously 435. He is invested in the Electorate Solemnly at Augsbourg 457. Calls a Convention at Meissen who draw up a Form of Religion for Saxony 478. Intercedes with Prince Philip for the Landgrave ibid. Writes to the States to clear himself from the imputation of Popery 484. His Deputies at Augsbourg protest against the Council of Trent 499. He engages in the Expedition against the Magdebourghers 502. He is made Generalissimo of that War 503. He attacks the Magdebourghers 504. Defeats Heideck and Mansfeldt ibid. He promises the Landgrave Aid secretly 505. Routed in a Sally by the Magdebourghers ibid. Proposes Conditions of Peace to the Town 515. Commands his Divines to draw up a Confession of their Faith ibid. Demands a safe Conduct for his Divines to go to the Council of Trent 516. Sends the Proposals to the Magdebourghers by Heideck 521. He holds a Convention about the business of Magdebourg 525. He takes an Oath of Fidelity from the men of atzenelbogen 526. He concludes a Peace with the City of Magdebourg 528. Complains of the Preachers ibid. Hatches a War against the Emperor 529. Sends Ambassadors to the Emperor about the Landgrave 531. He holds a Conference with Prince William the Landgrave's Son 534. His Ambassadors come to Trent and declare their Instructions 537. They join with the Agents of Wirtemberg and Strasburg to sollicite for the hearing of the Protestants in the Council ibid. The Saxon Divines are upon their way to come to the Council 541. The Ambassadors complain against Perlargus ibid. Maurice sends Letters to his Ambassadors 542. They leave Trent secretly ibid. His care for the release of the Landgrave 549. He declares War against the Emperor 550. Takes the Field and joins with Marq. Albert 555. He goes with the other Princes and besieges Ulm 556. Treats with Ferdinand of Conditions of Peace ibid. Writes to the French King 558. His Army Skirmishes with the Imperialists 559. A Mutiny in his Camp for want of Pay ibid. His Soldiers make the Emperor fly from Inspruck 560. Which is Plundered ibid. They Publish a Declaration ibid. He restores the Outed Ministers ibid. His Grievances at the Treaty of Passaw 563. His Proposals at the Treaty 566. He is impatient of delay and hastens Ferdinand 568. He returns to the Confederates 569. Besieges Francfort ibid. At last he accepts a Peace 571. Sends his Forces into Hungary 573. Sends Commissioners to treat with John Frederick's Commissioners to no purpose 577. Went to Heidelberg to mediate between Albert and the Bishops 578. Makes a League with the D. of Brunswick ibid. Declares War against Marq. Albert 581. He overcomes Albert and is killed in the Fight 586. His Death foretold by Prodigies ibid. Maximilian Emperor holds a Diet at Augsbourg 4. Writes in August 1518. to Pope Leo to correct Luther and to put an end to his growing Heresies 5. Dies Jan. 12. 1519. 13. Sends Ambassadors to the Council of Pisa 26. Goes off to Pope Julius 27. Sends Langus to the Lateran Council ibid. Commissions Hogostrate and Reuchlin to examine Jewish Books 30. Wars with the Switzers 469. Maximilian Son to Ferdinand comes into Germany out of Spain 505. Is well beloved ibid. He returns home from Spain 529. Is honourably received at Trent 535. Goes to Brussels 637. Mecklenbourg vide George D. of Mecklenbourg Mechlin almost consumed by Lightning 392. Medices the rise of that Family to Greatness 169. Meinier President of the Parliament of Aix persecutes the Waldenses 345. Vses the Inhabitants of Merindol and Cabriers barbarously 345 346. Meissen John Bishop of Meissen Opposes Luther about Communion in both kinds 25. Melancthon Philip comes to Wittemberg 21. Goes to Leipzick ib. Answers the Parisian Censure of Luther's Books 47. Comes to the Diet at Augsbourg 127. One of the Protestant Deputies there to mediate an
an Embassador to the Switzers The Protestants Embassy to the Emperor The Emperor writes to the Protestants Perone is besieged Francis the Dolphin dies A Provincial Council at Cologne Erasmus dies A rising in England The Protestants answer the Emperors Letter The Bull for Reformation of the City of Rome The King of Scotland is married 1537. The Duke of Florence is murther'd The French King complains of the Emperor Cardinal Poole sent Nuncio to the French King. The Ausburghers publish a Book against the Ecclesiasticks A Convention of the Protestants at Smalcalde Eldo his Speech The Confederates Answer to the Emperor's Embassador Eldo his answer to the Protestants The Pope sendeth to Embassador to the Elector of Saxony The Protestants answer to Eldo The Decrees of the Protestants at Smalcalde A Paper containing the Protestants Reasons for their refusal of the Council The Pope prorogeth the Council The King of England publisheth a Paper against the Council which was called by the Pope The Imperialists take St. Paul by storm They besiege Therouenne without effect They carry Quiers by assault Turin is supplied with Provisions Ferdinand his Army beaten by the Turks Edward the Sixth of England is born The reason why the Pope would reconcile the Emperor and French King. Christiana of Denmark returns into Flanders The Gelderlanders rebel A Draught of the Reformation of the Church 1538. The Pope prorogues the Council again Luther writes a Book against the Reformation of the Papists Montmorency made Constable of France The Protestants meet at Brunswick A young Gentleman of Tholouse is burnt at Paris An Enterview of the Emperor and the French King at Aigues Mortes The Pope prorogues the Council Charles Count Egmond dies Erard Bishop of Leige his Death Thomas of Canterbury The Elector of Brandenburg sends an Ambassador to the Elector of Saxony The Answer of the Elector of Saxony and the Lantgrave to the Elector of Brandenburg A Convention at Eysenach The Rise of the Antinomians The Papists Holy League 1539. An Interview between the French King and Mary Regent of Flanders Minden is proscribed by the Chamber The Lantgrave intercepts the Duke of Brunswick's Letters The Duke of Brunswick and the Elector of Saxony write against one another A Diet held at Frankford The Elector of Saxony and the Lantgrave write to the French King. The Death of George Duke of Saxony Luther preaches at Leipsick The Death of Isabella the Empress The King of England publishes another Paper about the Council of Vicenza Luther writes a Book about Councils A Parliament in England The Turk takes Castle-novo An Insurrection at Ghent A Convention at Arnstet The Emperor passeth through France 1540. The Turk makes a Peace with the Venetians The Protestants send Ambassadors to the Emperor The Protestants write to the French King. A Convention at Smalcald The Emperor's Answer to the Protestant Ambassadors Eldo is removed from his Places and retires from Court. Ambassadors sent to Smalcald to mediate a Peace The Protestants answer the Commissioners for Pacification What besides was done in the Assembly of Smalcald The Emperor punishes the Rebels of Ghent The Emperor's Letters to the Duke of Saxony and Lantgrave The Diet of Spire called Saxony and the Lantgrave's Answer to the Emperor Cardinal Farnese's Speech against the Protestants before the Emperor The French King secretly displeased The Duke of Cleve's Alliance with the French King. The Pope's War with those of Perugia The Diet of Haguenaw The French King's Edict against the Lutherans Cromwell Earl of Essex beheaded The King of England having put away Ann of Cleve marries the Lady Catharine Howard The Duke of Brunswick Accuses the Protestants The Acts of the Assembly of Haguenaw King Ferdinand's Proposals to the Protestants The Protestants Answer A Convention appointed to be at Wormes The Decree of Haguenaw Vayvode King of Hungary dies leaving a young Son Stephen Robert Barnes burnt at London Papists and Protestants burnt at the same time William Budey dies A most Hot and Dry Year The French King commands Prayers and Supplications to be made The Emperor confirms the Decree of Haguenaw and exhorts the Protestants to come to the Assembly at Wormes A Diet of the Empire called at Ratisbone Granvell's Speech in the Assembly at Wormes The Son of the Vayvode is put under the Protection of the Turk Ferdinand prepares to Invade Hungary Alaski committed to Prison by Solyman The Speech of the Legate Campeggio in the Assembly of Wormes The Conditions of the Conference at Wormes 1541. The Emperor dissolves the Conference Vergerius's Speech concerning the unity of the Church The Admiral of France condemned Duke Maurice's Marriage with the Lantgrave's Daughter The Diet of Ratisbone Luther's Book against the Duke of Brunswick The first Cause of the Troubles in Germany The Price of the Pall of the Archbishop of Mentz For what end the Indulgences granted The Way and Ceremony of making the Archiepiscopal Pall. Incendiaries hired by the Party of the Duke of Brunswick Who is accused thereof before Emperor The Acts of the Diet at Ratisbone The Protestants Answer to the Emperor's Proposals Persons chosen by the Emperor for the Conference His Exhortation to them The Presidents and Witnesses of the Conference at Ratisbone The Protestants write to the French King and intercede for their Suffering Brethren in Provence The Duke of Cleve's Treaty with the French King. The Marriage of the Duke of Cleve with the Daughter of Navarre The Admiral restored The Constable of France in disgrace The Acts of the Conference at Ratisbone Some of the States who disliked a Reformation procured all to be referred to the Pope's Legate The Protestants Address to the Emperor The Answer of the Pope's Legate His Exhortation to the Bishops The Legate's Speech being given to the Emperor was afterwards communicated to the States The Answer of the Protestant Divines to the Papers of Contarini The Legate's Third Paper to the States The Elector's Answer to the Emperor The Protestants Answer The Opinion of the Catholick Princes The Complaint of the Catholick Cities that they were excluded from the Deliberation of the Princes The Emperor refers the matter of Religion to the Council Eckius's Letter to the Princes Pflug and Gropper justify themselves from his Aspersions Contarini's Letter to the States against a National Council The Princes Answer to the Popes Legate And the Protestants also refute it The Decree of the Diet of Ratisbone A private Grant made by the Emperor to the Protestants Aid promised against the Turks The Emperors complaint against the Duke of Cleve French Ambassador's to the Turk slain A Complaint thereof made by the French King to the Emperor Francis of Lorrain married to the Dowager of Sforza Buda besieged by King Ferdinand Who received a great Overthrow By what means Buda fell into the Hands of the Turks Transilvania given to the Vayvode and his Mother The Emperors Expedition into Barbary His Fleet spoil'd and dispersed by the Storm A Plague in Germany
Landgrave The Landgrave again speaks to the Emperour The ignorance of the Archbishop of Cologne observed by the Emperour The Emperour to the Landgrave The Conferences of some Princes Granvell speaks The Landgrave answers Granvell's words Divines are awkward and obstinate The Landgrave's words The Opinion of Paphnutius about the Lord's Supper and marriage of Priests Granvell speaks after the Landgrave The Landgrav's Answer The Elector Palatine's Opinion in this Conference Granvell's Answer The Landgrav's Speech The Landgrave Arbitrator betwixt the Dukes of Saxony The Emperour advises the Landgrave to come to the Diet. The Emperour thanks the Landgrave The Landgrave's Answer to the Emperour The Emperour to the Landgrave The Landgrave to the Emperour The Emperour to the Landgrave The Landgrave's Answer Spede's soppishness The Landgrave takes leave of the Emperour An Assembly of the Protestant Deputies at Wormes They of Ravensbourg enter into the Protestant League The third Session of the Council of Trent and the Acts of it The Speech of Don Francisco de Toledo in the Council The Pope's Letters to the Bishops of Switzerland The Switzers highly commended The Archbishop of Cologne excommunicated by the Pope The Emperour 's coming to Ratisbonne Diazi's murder unrevenged The Emperour's Speech at Ratisbonne Truce with the Turk by the mediation of the French King. A Division amongst the Electors The Protestants opinion of the Council of Trent A constant report of a War against the Protestants The Cardinal of Trent is sent to Rome to sollicit the promised assistance The Preparations of War. Albert and John of Brandenbourg take charge under the Emperour The Landgrave's Segacity The Protestants ask the Emperour the warlike preparations The Emperour answers the Protestants The Emperour's Letter to the Protestant Cities The Emperour writes to the Duke of Wirtemberg Granvell and Naves discourse the Deputies of the Protestants Cities A Decree of the Council of Trent The Office of Pastors Decrees concerning Original Sin. The Decree of Sixtus IV. concerning the Virgin Mary The Speech of the French Embassador He means the King of England The Demands of the French King. The Answer of those of Strasbourg to the Emperour Duke Maurice had a private Conference with the Emperour The Protestant Deputies return home The Emperour's Embassie to the Suizers The Duke of Wirtemberg and the Towns of Vpper Germany rise in Arms. The first of the Protestant Commanders Balthazar Gutling's Speech to the Soldiers A Meeting of the Protestant Deputies at Vlme Their Letters to the Venetians the Nobility of Germany the Grisons and those of Tyrol The Emperour's League with the Pope against the Reformed The Church Revenues in Spain given for maintaining a War against the Lutherans Peace betwixt France and England Henry the Dauphin of France has a Daughter The Cardinal of Scotland killed The Pope's Letter to the Suizers The Embassadours of the Protestants to the Suizzers Wolffembottel is demolished The Prince Palatine enquires after the cause of the War. The Elector Palatine desires to reconcile the Protestants to the Emperour Saxony and the Landgrave arm The Protestants Letters to the Emperour The Authors of the War against the Protestants The Emperour's Letter to the Archbishop of Cologne The Protestants send Ambassadors to the Kings of England and France Saxony and Landgrave publish a Declaration concerning the War. The Bishop of Ausbourg a great Incendiary The Protestants Letters to the Marquess of Brandenbourg Brandenbourgs Answer A Manifesto against Brandenbourg The Forces of the Landgrave The Landgrave sends his Son to Strasbourg The Duke of Brunswick offers to betray the Papists Councels against the Protestants The first Exploit of the Protestants Fiessen taken Erenberg is taken by Scherteline Francis Castlealto Dilinghen and Donawert taken by the Protestants These of Ausbourg furnish the Emperour with Money The Emperour's Forces at Ratisbonne The Duke of Saxony and the Landgrave Outlawed by the Emperour The Marriages of Bavaria and Cleves amidst the noise of War. The Session of the Council is put off The number of the Fathers of the Council of Trent Titular Archbishops Olaus Magnus of Vpsale and Venant a Scot. The King of Sweden reforms Religion The Archbishop reduced to poverty dies Duke Maurice his Progress to King Ferdinand The Emperour's Letters to Duke Maurice and to his Brother Augustus wherein he desires them to take possession of the Inheritances of the Duke of Saxony and Landgrave and so prevent others The Protestants Letters to the Duke of Bavaria A great Misfortune occasioned by Lightning at Mechelin The Suitzers Answer to the Protestants The Protestants Demand of the Suitzers The Protestants declare War against the Emperour The Emperour refuses to receive the Protestants Letters The Emperour's Answer to the Protestants Messenger A Dispute about what Title should be given to the Emperour The Protestants march to Ratisbonne The Pope's Forces come to the Emperour The Officers of the Pope's Army The Horse of the Duke of Florence and Ferrara A bloody Saying of Farnese The Commanders of the Emperour's Army German Princes in the Emperour's Camp. The Princes in the Protestants Camp. The Emperour marches to Ratisbonne A Skirmish betwixt the Landgrave's Men and the Spanish Garrison The Spaniards break into the Protestants Camp. The Count of Buren marches with his Forces to joyn the Emperour The Landgrave's bold and good Advice The oversight of the Protestants in not laying hold on their oppertunity was the beginning of their miscarriage in the War. The Emperour 's great Courage The Answer of the Suitzers to the Emperour The Pope and Emperour pretended not the same Cause for the War of Germany The Emperour's Letter to the Protestant Suitzers The Protestant Cantons Answer to the Emperour The Protestants Address to the Bohemians The Protestants Declaration concerning Incendiaries and Poysoners sent out by the Pope The Protestants Answer to the Instrument of Proscription The Emperour's Expression about the subduing of Germany * Who had refused the Empire when it was offered unto him The Protestants raise their Camp. The Count of Buren joyns the Emperor The French King refused to send the Protestants Assistance The Protestants grosly deceived by Stroza an Italian The Protestants write to the Reformed Suitzers The Suitzers Answer The Catholick and Protestant Camps near one another The River Egra Albert of Brunswick dies of his wounds Donawert surrendered to the Emperor The Duke of Alva insults over the Landgrave A change of affairs in Saxony Duke Maurice consults against the Protestants The Letters of Duke Maurice's Friends to the Protestants Duke Maurice writes to the Landgrave to the same purpose The Embassie of John William of Saxony to Duke Maurice Scherteline leaves the Protestant Camp. The Emperor Master of the Danube The Protestants lose an opportunity of taking the Emperour A Stratagem A Skirmish betwixt the Landgrave and Prince of Sulmona Another Stratagem used by the Emperor The Plague in the Emperors Camp. Farnese with some Troops returns home The Landgrave's Answer to the Mauricians The Landgrave's