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A48432 A commentary upon the Acts of the Apostles, chronicall and criticall the difficulties of the text explained, and the times of the story cast into annals : the first part, from the beginning of the Booke, to the end of the twelfth chapter : with a briefe survey of the contemporary story of the Jews and Romans / by John Lightfoot ... Lightfoot, John, 1602-1675. 1645 (1645) Wing L2052; ESTC R21614 222,662 354

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another seeking the ruine and destruction one of another and furthering their owne misery when they were most miserable already in him that sought the ruine of them all A fitter instrument could not the Tyrant have desired for such a purpose then themselves nor when hee had them so pliable to their owne mischiefe did he neglect the opportunity or let them bee idle For as hee saw accusations encrease so did hee encrease his laws to breed more insomuch that at the last it grew to bee capitall for a servant to have fallen before or neare the image of Augustus or for any man to carry either coine or ring into the Stewes or house of Office if it bare upon it the image of Tiberius Sect. 3. A wicked accusation Who can resolve whether it were more vexation to suffer upon such foolish accusations or upon others more solid but as false as these were foolish That was the fortune of Sextus Marius an intimate friend of the Emperours but as it proved not the Emperour so of his This was a man of great riches and honour and in this one action of a strange vaine-glory and revenge Having taken a displeasure at one of his Neighbours hee inviteth him to his house and there detained him feasting two dayes together And on the first day hee pulleth his house downe to the ground and on the next hee buildeth it up farre fairer and larger then before The honest man when hee returned home found what was done admired at the speed of the worke rejoyced at the change of his house but could not learn who had done the deed At the last Marius confessed that he was the agent and that hee had done it with this intent To shew him that hee had power to doe him a displeasure or a pleasure as he should deserve it Ah blinded Marius and too indulgent to thine owne humours se●st thou not the same power of Tiberius over thee and thy fortunes pinned upon his pleasure as thy neighbours upon thine And so it came to passe that fortune read him the same lecture that his fancy had done another For having a young beautifull Daughter and such a one as on whom the Emperour had cast an eye and so plainly that the father spyed it hee removed her to another place and kept her there close and at distance lest she should have been violated by him who must have no denyall Tiberius imagined as the thing was indeed and when hee seeth that hee cannot enjoy his love and satisfie his lust hee turneth it to hate and revenge And causeth Marius to be accused of incest with his daughter whom hee kept so close and both father and daughter are condemned and suffer for it both together Sect. 5. A miserable life and death In these so fearefull and horrid times when nothing was safe nothing secure when silence and innocency were no protection nor to accuse no more safeguard then to bee accused but when all things went at the Emperours will and that will alwayes cruell what course could any man take not to bee intangled and what way being intangled to extricate himselfe The Emperours frownes were death and his favours little better to be accused was condemnation and to accuse was often as much that now very many found no way to escape death but by dying nor to avoid the cruelty of others but by being cruell to themselves For though selfe-murder was alwayes held for a Roman valour yet now was it become a meere necessity men choosing that miserable exigent to avoid a worse as they supposed and a present end to escape future evills So did Asinius Gallus at this time for the one and Nerva for the other This Gallus about three yeares agoe comming to Tiberius upon an Ambassy was fairely entertained and royally feasted by him but in the very interim he writeth letters to the Senate in his accusation Such was the Tyrant● friendship and so soure sawce had poore Asinius to his dainty fare A thing both inhumane and unusuall that a man the same day should eate drinke and be merry with the Emperour and the same day bee condemned in the Senate upon the Emperours accusation An Officer is sent to fetch him away a Prisoner from whence hee had but lately gone Ambassadour The pooreman being thus betrayed thought it vaine to beg for life for that hee was sure would bee denyed him but he begged that he might presently bee put to death and that was denyed also For the bloody Emperour delighted not in blood and death onely but in any thing that would cause other mens misery though it were their life So having once committed one of his friends to a most miserable and intolerable imprisonment and being sollicited and earnestly sued unto that he might bee speedily executed and put out of his misery hee flatly denyed it saying That hee was not growne friends with him yet Such was the penance that hee put poore Gallus to a life farre worser then a present death for hee ought him more spight and torture then a suddaine execution The miserable man being imprisoned and straitly looked to not so much for feare of his escape by flight as of his escape by death was denyed the sight and conference of any one whosoever but him onely that brought him his pitifull dyet which served onely to prolong his wretched life and not to comfort it and he was forced to take it for hee must by no meanes be suffered to die Thus lived if it may bee called a life a man that had been of the honourablest rank and office in the City lingring and wishing for death or rather dying for three yeares together and now at last hee findeth the means to famish himself and to finish his miserable bondage with as miserable an end to the sore displeasure of the Emperour for that hee had escaped him and not come to publike execution Such an end also chose Nerva one of his neare friends and familiars but not like the other because of miseries past or present but because of feare and foresight of such to come His way that hee tooke to dispatch himself of his life was by totall abstinence and refusall of food which when Tiberius perceived was his intent hee sits downe by him desires to know his reason and begs with all earnestnesse of him that he would desist from such a design For what scandall saith he will it be to mee to have one of my nearest friends to end his own life and no cause given why he should so die But Nerva satisfied him not either in answer or in act but persisted in his pining of himself and so dyed Sect. 6. The miserable ends of Agrippina and Drusus To such like ends came also Agrippina and Drusus the wife and son of Germanicus and mother and brother of Caius the next Emperour that should succeed These two the daughter in law and Grandchild of Tiberius himselfe had about foure yeares agoe beene brought
Gospel there which hee also penned and first founded the Churches of Alexandria where so great a multitude of beleeving men and women grew up 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in a most Philosophicall and strict course that Philo himselfe vouchsafed to write of their converse meetings feastings and all their demeanor And for this his writing of them Hee is reckoned by us saith Ierome amongst the Ecclesiasticall writers because writing concerning the first Church of Marke the Evangelist hee breaketh out into the praises of our men relating that they are not onely there but also in many other provinces and calling their dwellings Monasteries Of the same mind with these fathers are Cedrenus Nicephorus Sixtus Senensis Bellarmine Possevine and others which last cited Jesuite is not contented to bee satisfied with this opinion himselfe but hee revileth the Magdeburgenses and all others with them that are not of the same opinion with him For the examining of which before wee doe beleeve it wee may part their position into these two quaeres First whether Marke the Evangelist had founded the Church at Alexandria before Philo wrote that book And secondly whether those men about Alexandria reported of by Philo were Christians at all yea or no. First then looke upon Philo and upon his age and you shall finde that the last yeer when hee was in Ambassy at Rome hee was ancient and older then any of the other Commissioners that were joyned with him for so hee saith of himself Caesar speaking affably to them when they first came before him the standers by thought their matter would goe well with them But I saith he that seemed to outstrip the others in yeers and judgement c. and then from him looke at the time when Marke is brought by the Ecclesiasticall Historians first into Egypt and Alexandria Eusebius for wee will content our selves with him onely hath placed this at the third of Claudius in these words Marcus Evangelista interpres Petri Aegypto Alexandriae Christum annunciat And then is Philo foure yeers older then before To both which adde what time would bee taken up after Markes preaching before his converts could bee disposed into so setled a forme of buildings constitutions and exercises and then let indifferency censure whether Philo that was so old so long before should write his two books of the Esseni and the Therapeutae after all this But because wee will not build upon this alone let us for the resolution of our second Quaere character out these men that are so highly esteemed for the patternes of all Monasticks and that in Philoes owne words and description Part III. The Jewish History Sect. I. The Therapeutae THey are called Therapeutae and Therapeutrides saith Philo either because they professe a Physick better then that professed in Cities for that healeth bodies onely but this diseased soules Or because they have learned from nature and the holy Laws to serve him that is Those that betake themselves to this course do it not out of fashion or upon any ones exhortation but ravished with a heavenly love even as the Bac●bantes and Corybantes have their raptures untill they behold what they desire Then through the desire of an immortall and blessed life reputing themselves to die to this mortall life they leave their estates to sonnes or daughters or to other kindred voluntarily making them their heires and to their friends and familiars if they have no kindred When they are thus parted from their goods being taken now by no baite they flie irrevocably leaving breathren children wives parents numerous kindreds societies and countries where they were borne and bred they flit not into other Cities but they make their abode without the walls in gardens or solitary Villages affecting the wildernesse not for any hatred of men but because of being mixed with men of different conditions which thing they know is unprofitable and hurtfull This kind of people are in many parts of the world but it abounds in Egypt through every one of those places that are called Nomi especially about Alexandria Now out of all places the chiefe or best of the Therapeutae are sent into a Colony as it were into their Countrey into a most convenient region besides the lake Maria upon a low gentle rising banke very fit both for safetie and the wholesome aire The houses of the company are very meane affording shelter in two most necessary respects against the heate of the Sunne and the coldnesse of the aire Nor are they neere together like houses in a Citie for such vicinity is trouble and displeasing to such as love and affect solitude Nor yet farre asunder because of that communion which they imbrace and that they may helpe one another if there bee any incursion of theeves Every one of them hath a holy house which is called a Chappell and Monastery in which they being solitary doe performe the mysteries of a religious life bringing in thither neither drinke nor meate nor any other necessaries for the use of the body but the Law and the Oracles given by the Prophets and hymnes and other things whereby knowledge and religion are increased and perfected Therefore thy have God perpetually in their mind insomuch that in their dreames they see nothing but the beauty of the Divine powers and there are some of them who by dreaming do vent excellent matters of Philosophy They use to pray twice every day morning and evening at Sunne rising and Sunne setting and all the time betweene they meditate and study the Scripture allegorizing them because they beleeve that mystical things are hid under the plain letter they have also many commentaries of their predecessors of this sect to this purpose They also made Psalmes and Hymnes to the praise of God Thus spend they the six dayes of the weeke every one in his Cell not so much a● looking out of it But on the seventh day they meet together and sit downe according to their age demurely with their hands within their coats the right hand betwixt their breast and their skin and the left on their side Then steps forth one of the gravest and skilfullest in their profession and preacheth to them and the rest hearken with all silence onely nodding their heads or moving their eyes their place of worship is parted into two roomes one for the men and the other for the women All the weeke long they never taste meate nor drink any day before Sunne setting because they think the ●●udy of wisedome to bee fit for the light and the taking ease of their bodies for the darke some hardly eate above once in 3. dayes some in 6. on the 7th day after they have taken care of the soule they refresh the body Their diet is onely bread and salt and some adde a little hyssop Their drink spring-water Their cloths meane and onely fit to keepe out heat and cold At the end of every seven