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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46427	Mores hominum = The manners of men / described in sixteen satyrs by Juvenal, as he is published in his most authentick copy, lately printed by command of the King of France ; whereunto is added the invention of seventeen designes in picture, with arguments to the satyrs ; as also explanations to the designes in English and Latine ; together with a large comment, clearing the author in every place wherein he seemed obscure, out of the laws and customes of the Romans, and the Latine and Greek histories, by Sir Robert Stapylton, Knight.; Works. English. 1660	Juvenal.; Stapylton, Robert, Sir, d. 1669.; Hollar, Wenceslaus, 1607-1677.	1660 (1660)	Wing J1280; ESTC R21081	275,181	643

Infant so pleased the Queen that as if the Gods had sent her a Child from Heaven she bred him up as her own and from the tumour of his feet which his wounds had swelled she called him Oedipus VVhen he grew to be a good big Youth and understood he was not Son to Polybius he resolved to finde out his own Father To this end he consulted the Oracle that bid him goe directly to Phocis where he should meet his Father when he came thither the Phocians were in an Uproar which Laius coming to suppress in the tumult Oedipus not knowing him to be his Father slew him Then conceiving himself to be deluded by the Oracle Oedipus being out of hope to finde his Father fell upon a new designe undertaking the Sphinx a Monster with a womans face birds wings and a dog's body This Chimaera from her fortification upon a Mountain in Thebes plundered and destroyed that Kingdome nor would Apollo promise any end to their miseries till one came that could resolve the Monster 's riddle To such a knowing person Creon King of Thebes that succeeded his Son in Law Laius offered in marriage the new Widow his Daughter Jocasta Many gallant men had died in the attempt yet that was no discouragement to Oedipus when a Kings Daughter was the prize for which his life was to be ventured To the fatall place came Oedipus and by the Sphinx was presently asked What is 't That in the morning is a four-footed creature two-footed at noon at night three-footed he answered a Man that in his infancy creeps upon hands and feet in his full strength goes upright on his leggs and in his decrepit age borrows one leg of the Carpenter walking with a staffe For grief to have her Aenigma thus unriddled the Sphinx brake her neck a fortune that Oedipus might well envy for his was far sadder to be rewarded with the marriage of his own mother Jocasta But time at last unfolded to Oedipus the Riddle of his own fortunes And when he knew that he had killed his Father and married his Mother in a rage he pluckt out his own eyes and would have killed himself but his hand was held by his Daughter Antigone that led her blinde Father out of Thebes when he was banished by Creon Senec. in Oedip. and after Seneca I doubt a Theban Tragedy writ by Faustus would hardly sell unless a rare Cryer preferred it See Stat. in Thebaid Verse 17 Asian Asian Slaves in the first edition in the second Roman Knights Verse 19. Bithynian Bithynia is a Region of the lesser Asia lying right against Thrace along the Pontick Sea for which reason Bithynia had once the name of Pontus Euseb. Afterwards a People of Thrace that were called Thynians passing over and possessing themselves of Pontus it took from them the name of Bithynia Plin. lib. 1. ca. 31. Divers other appellations this Country had but was famous by no name at all but this which my Author seems to give it viz. a Nursery of Knights of the Post it is only memorable for Hannibal that was buried at Libyssa Verse 20. Gallograecia Juvenal calls it new France the ancient name was Galatia When the Galls grew to be so populous that France could not contain them first with sword and fire they over-ran Italy took Rome and straightly besieged the Capitol but Camillus routed them and freed his own Country See the Comment upon Sat. 2. Then the Galls that like a Sea-breach had overflowed all Italy after the storm was over continued rolling and loosing on the Roman side got ground again in Greece and Macedon from thence led by their General Leonorus the Grecians joyning they passed into Asia where by consent of the King of Bithynia they planted themselves in a part of his Dominions which was afterward called Gallograecia Verse 27. Thelesine A Poet to whom as some think Juvenal writ this Satyr Verse 28. Vulcan God of fire See the Comment upon Sat. 1. Verse 33. Ivy. Poets were crowned with Bayes Oak Parsley and Ivy. Verse 36. Boyes Peacocks praise Children are much taken with the colours and beauty of the Peacock's Plumes them they commend but they give him nothing if they can get a Peacock they will pull his feathers and take from him that which they commended In point of Vain-glory the Poet much resembles the Peacock as he is described by Ovid. de Art lib. 1. Laudatas ostendit avis Junonia pennas Si tacitus spectes illa recondit opes Praise but the Peacock and he spreads his Train Say nothing and he shuts it up again Verse 40. Terpsicore One of the Nine Muses the Inventress of Musick and Dancing In her the greatest part of man's life rejoyces Plutarch Verse 42. God Apollo Vers. 46. Maculonus One of the Peacock-praisers that accomodated the reading Poets with his house and furnished them with voices to cry them up but bestowed nothing upon them Verse 49. Pit By the Pit and Scaffolds for the People and the Orchestra for the Nobility you may cleerly see that Roman Poets read their Works upon a Stage as solemnly as our Playes are acted and their audience was as great An Instance whereof my Author here gives you in the Poet Statius To their dear Thebais the People throng And to the sound of his inchanting tongue When Statius with the promise of a day O're-joyes the Town for in so sweet a way He reads his Poem that to hear it spoke A lust affects the soul yet when he broke The Benches with strong lines Verse 68. Aonian In Aonia which is the mountanous part of Boeotia there is a Spring consecrated to the Muses from which Aonian Fountain they are called Aonides Verse 69. Pierian Caves At the foot of the Mountain Parnassus were certain Caves full of the Pierian Muses Deity according to Poeticall tradition Verse 70. Thyrsus The Spear or Javelin wrapt with Ivy which every Priestess of Bacchus carried in her hand when she sacrificed to her God crying Eu hoe as you see in the Comment upon Sat. 6. In imitation of these Javelin-bearers Horace sacrifices one of his Odes to Bacchus and begins the second Staffe with a cry like to theirs Ohe recenti mens trepidat metu Plenoque Bacchi pectore turbidùm Laetatur Ohe parce Liber Parce gravi metuende thyrso Ohe with fear my mind 's possest Fill'd with the God of Wine my breast Feels troubled joy Ohe Iäccus Drop thy fear'd Thyrsus spare me Bacchus Verse 80. Alecto That with her Snakes hissed Turnus into distraction Virg. Aeneid lib. 7. She is one of the Infernall Spirits that distract the mindes of guilty persons therefore called Erinnes by the Greeks The Furies are wicked thoughts frauds and hainous crimes of vitious men which day and night torment their consciences Cic. in Orat. pro Rosc. Verse 87. Rubren Lappa A poor but an excellent Tragick Poet therefore my Author thinks it just that he should have as considerable a Pension from the

nest of Quails the Embleme of Concord Verse 142. Clients A Client had relation to some Noble man as his Patron The Patron was obliged in honour to protect his Client the Client besides his attendance in publick was bound by Law to contribute towards his Patrons assesments and Daughters marriages If any Client could be proved unfaithfull to his Patron to have informed made oath or given his vote against him or for his Enemy he was for such disloyalty devoted to the Infernall Gods and not only accursed by the Priest but out-lawed by the Criminal Judge so that it was lawfull for any man to kill him Lazius de Repub. Rom. lib. 12. c. 3. Verse 153. The Forum The great Roman Piazza where the Courts of Justice sate to which the Client after he had complemented his Friends at the Sportula waited upon his Patron Martial Prima salutantes atque altera continet hora Exercet raucos tertia causidicos The first hour and the second we salute And in the third hoarse Advocates dispute Verse 154. The learned in the Law Apollo The reason of this expression was occasioned by the Library of Civil-law-books made by Augustus Caesar in the Temple of Apollo-Pallatine where the Judges also heard Causes as appears by Horace's delivery from the prating Fellow that was arrested and carried before the Judge sitting in that Temple Horace Sic me servavit Apollo Thus Apollo saved me Verse 156. Aegyptian and Arabarch Crispinus the Aegyptian that by his Master was priviledged to have triumphal Titles Ornaments and a Statue in the pedestall or basis whereof was engraven the style of Arabarch which Crispinus might conceive the Reader would take to be Arabian Prince Some take Arabarch for a Customer in Aegypt that received toll for Cattle brought thither out of Arabia but Juvenal seems to use the Word for an Arch-rogue Verse 161. A Supper The Supper which the Patron was ordered by Domitian Caesar to bestow upon his Clients was called Caena recta a plain Supper to distinguish it from the Patrons Caena dubia or Supper of varieties such as puzled the Guests to know where they should begin But at this time the Sportula was not by Domitian reduced to the Caena recta of which Martial Centum miselli jam valete quadrantes Poor hundred Farthings now farewell Verse 171. Whole Boars The first that brought in fashion the having of a Boar served up whole to his Table was Servilius Tullus Pliny Verse 174. Crude Peacock Peacocks flesh never putrifieth St. Augustine Then well it might be raw upon a Gluttons stomach when he bathed before his next meal Hortentius the Augur was the first that brought this meat in request at Rome Verse 177. Angry Friends Neer relations must needs be vext at the death of a Friend by gluttony so surprized as not to have time to make a Will Yet even they could not but laugh at such a Comicall disaster though they lost their Legacies by it Verse 186. Mutius A great Knave but a poor man so that when the Auruncane Satyrist Lucilius published his knavery he had not a purse to see Advocates in a cause of Defamation but if Tigellinus the Emperor's Favourite had been the man so defamed he would have followed the Law which was Ne licet carmen fieri ad alterius injuriam Cicer. lib. 4. Tusc. Be it unlawfull for any man to make verse to the injury of another And in favour of so eminent a Courtier Juvenal thinks it probable that the Judg would have sentenced the Offender to die as cruel a death as was inflicted upon Christians of which barbarous cruelty read Tacitus lib. 15. Yet that very Judge might in his conscience know that Tigellinus was a thousand times the greater Villain M. Tigellinus Ophonius poysoned three of his Fathers Brothers and forging their Wills came to a vast Estate most villanously Probus Verse 189. Like those Christians of whose living bodies Nero made bonfires using them as he had done Rome with the firing whereof he charged them Note that Juvenal speaking here of the Christians Martyrdomes writes nothing disparageable to the Religion it self as he doth to that of the Jewes in Sat. 3. and 14. from whence it may with reason be inferred that because he scofs not at Christianity he reverenced it Verse 195. Aeneas Anchises his Son that when Troy was fired took his Father upon his shoulders carried him through the flames and brought him safe to Drepa●um a Town in Sicily where the old man dyed that in his youth begot this Pious Son upon the Goddesse Venus at the Trojan river Simois Virgil Aeneid 1. He was King of the Latins and reigned eleven years after the death of Latinus in the right of his Wife Lavinia Daughter and Heir to King Latinus and the Widow of Turnus slain by his hand Aeneid 12. Eutropius In his voyage from Troy to Italy he lost his Wife Creusa buried his Father as you heard before in Sicily but never touched upon the Coast of Africa and therefore could not have seen Dido if she had been then living After a tedious passage at Sea he landed safe with his Sonne Ascanius in Italy there conquered and settled and from him Julius Caesar derived himself Verse 196. Turnus Generall of the Rutilians in their warre against Aeneas with whom he fought single and was very angry with Juno that she would not let him stay to end the Combat See Virgil Aeneid lib. 6. Verse 197. Achilles Son to Peleus and Thetis that in his Infancy washed him in the Stygian water whereby he was made invulnerable in any part of his body but only the foot by which his Mother held him when he was dipt His Tutor was Chiron the Centaur of whom he learned Horsmanship Musick and Physick His Mother understanding by the Oracle that he should perish in the Trojan Expedition concealed him in a womans habit in the Court of King Lycomedes where he got the Kings Daughter Deidamia with child of Pyrrhus At last discovered by the subtilty of Ulysses he was drawn into the war because Troy could not be taken by the Graecians until they had the assistance of Achilles To prevent the Fate which Thetis knew him to be in danger of she prevailed with Vulcan to make him armes that were impenitrable After he had shewn much valour in the war he was in such a rage with Agamemnon for taking from him his beloved Prisoner fair Briseis that he resolved notwithstanding all the Prayers and importunities of his Countrymen never more to draw his Sword against the Trojans But hearing that Hector had slain Patroclus his fury for the death of that Friend made him forget his rage against his enemy King Agamemnon and dispensing with his solemn resolution he fought again more furiously then ever slew Hector and in his Friends revenge tyed the dead body to his Chariot and drag'd it three times about the walls of Troy at last sold it to King Priam. Finally when he

fired the whole Palace Jason resolving to kill Medea for this fact broke open her Chamber-dore just as if she had bewitched him thither only to be an eye witness to the death of those Children which he had by her for as soon as ever he came in she catcht them up and strangled them all but saved her self by the power of Magick Her next appearance she made at Athens where she married Aegaeus and though he was then very aged she had a Son by him called after her own name Medus that gave name to the Country of the Medes Justin. lib. 42. After all this no body knows how Jason and she were reconciled probably it was for her own ends because she forthwith carried him to Colchos where he reestablished her old banished Father in his Kingdome See Diodor. Sicul. and N. Comes that learnedly interprets the Fable of Medea Verse 673. Progne Daughter to Pandion King of Athens Wife to Tereus King of Thrace of all Thracians the most barbarous for under pretence of waiting upon Pandion's other Daughter that made a visit to her Sister Progne at his Court by the way he ravished Philomela cutting out her tongue that she might not tel But Philomela being an excellent Work-woman drew her sad story with her needle in such lively colours that her Sister Progne knew the whole circumstance of the Rape and to revenge her self of her cruel Husband by the advice of the Maenades she feasted him with the limbs of his and her Son Itys which being known by the Childs head that was served-in for the second course Tereus in his fury would have killed his Wife but whilst he was drawing out his Sword he saw her turned into a Swallow Philomela was transformed into a Nightingale Itys into a Pheasant Tereus himself admiring at their metamorphosis was turned into a Lapwing that still bears upon his head the creast of a fierce Thracian Souldier See Ovid. Met. 6. Verse 683. Alcestis Wife to Admetus King of Thessaly whose Cattle-keeper Jove himself had been and therefore as it seems when his old Master was sick to death Jove was contented with an exchange so that if any one would die for Admetus he might live But this being an office distastefull to his whole Court and Kingdome all excused themselves only Queen Alcestis cheerfully embraced the offer and served her Husband with her life Her Tragedy you may read in the works of Euripides Verse 687. Belides The Belides or Danaides were fifty Daughters of Danaus Son to Belus To these Ladies Aegyptus Danaus his Brother desired to marry his fifty Sons but Danaus would not give way to the Treaty of a marriage with all or any of them because the Oracle had fore-told him that he should die by the hand of a Son in Law but Aegyptus moving it once again in the head of a strong Army brought to force the consent of Danaus and his Daughters the match was concluded Upon the wedding night the Brides were instructed by their Father to kill their Husbands when they saw their opportunity In obedience to him all these Ladies slew their Husbands but only Hypermnestra that preserved the life of her Husband Lyceus He afterwards verified the Oracle and to secure himself slew his Father in Law Danaus and succeeded him in the Kingdome of Argos The sentence pronounced against these Sisters by Minos the just Judge of Hell was to pour water into a Tub that was split until they filled it which could never be and therefore their punishment must be endless Some think this Fable signifies the Spring and Autumne that every year pour out new varieties of flowers and fruits yet never satisfie our expectations See Lucret. lib. 5. Others take it to bear proportion to the whole life of man and of all things in the world which as they come in go out not leaving any long continued monument of what they were There are that apply it to benefits conferred upon ingratefull persons which vanish in the doing Plato compares the split Tubs of the Beleides to the minde of an intemperate man which is insatiable Terence hath one that saith he is very like them plenus rimarum sum I am full of Leaks But whosoever he was that writ the following Epigram he fixes Plato's sense from an universal to a particular exceeding well Belidas fingunt pertusa in dolia Vates Mox effundendas fundere semper aquas Nomine mutato narratur fabula de te Ebrie qui meias quae sine fine bibis Quinetiam hoc in te quadrat turba ebria quod sint Corpora quae fuerant dolia facta tibi Tubs split say Poets the Belides fill With water which still pour'd in runs out still Change names to thee the Fable comes about Drunkard that all thou pour'st in pissest out In this too it concerns your bousing Crue Those that were Bodies are made Tubs by you Verse 687. Eriphyle Daughter to Thelaon Sister to Adrastus and Wife to Amphiaraus She was bribed with a Ring by Polynices to make discovery of her Husband that lay hid for fear of being forced to march to the seige of Troy where he and she knew that it was his fate to die For this trechery of his Wife Alcmaeon had in charge from his Father Amphiaraus that as soon as ever the breath was out of his body she that betrayed him to death should not live a minute accordingly when the news was brought Alcmaeon slew his Mother Verse 689. Clytemnestra See the Comment upon Sat. 1. Hom. lib. 11. Odyss Senec. in Agam. Eurip. in Orest. Sophocles in Elect. Verse 695. The thrice foil'd Monarch Mithridates King of Pontus that by the strength of his arme could rule six pair of horses in a Chariot and by the strength of his brain two and twenty Nations every one of them speaking a several tongue and he all their languages When the Romans were taken up with their civil wars he beat Nicomedes out of Bithinia and Ariobarzanes out of Cappadocia possessing himself of Greece and all the Greek Islands only Rhodes excepted The Merchants of Rome that traffick't in Asia by his contrivance were slain in one night the Proconsul Q. Oppius and his Legate Apuleius were his Prisoners But Mithridates was thrice defeated by the Romans First as you have heard by Sylla at Dardanum then by Lucullus at Cyzicum from whence he fled for refuge to Tigranes King of Armenia that suffered him to make new levies within his Dominions but that vast Army was totally routed by Pompey Finally Pharnaces besieged him in his Palace and Mithridates despairing attempted to poison himself but had brought his body to such a habit by long and constant use of Antidots to prevent impoisoning that when poyson should have done him service it would not work Nor had he then lost the Majesty of his looks for the man sent to kill him found Mithridates unwillingly alive yet still so undaunted and like himself that the Murderer shakt and

and men the first Head and Governour of mankinde of whom depended the management of this vast VVorld Fab. Pict Juvenal calls him thou old God Father Janus and so old a God his Children the Romans thought him to be that some of them conceived he was the Chaos Ovid. in Fast. Me Chaos antiqui nam sum res prisca vocabant The Ancients call'd me Chaos I 'm so old Verse 412. Th' Aruspex will grow crooked sure VVith stooping to look into the entrails of sacrifices made by great Ladies for Fidlers and Players Verse 425. Niphates A great River of Armenia the less tumbling down from the Mountain Niphates that divides the lesser Armenia from Assyria and gives the name to the River Strab. lib. 11. which name of Niphates comes a nivibus from snow Stephan and therefore upon a violent sudden Thaw the gossiping great Lady that holds conference with Generals palludated in their imbroidered riding-Coats as being ready to march into the field might very well report that Niphates had drowned all the Countries about it Verse 438. Two Leaden Balls They that sweat before they bathed swung two Leaden Balls in each hand one and then were nointed Senec. Epist. 57. Verse 462. The labouring Moon When the Moon was in eclipse the simple superstition of the Romans made them believe that she was bewitched with charmes and incantations for which there was no Counter-spell but only a sound of brass from Trumpets Basons Kettles and the like Tibull Eleg. 8. Cantus è cursu Lunam deducere tentat Et faceret si non aera repulsa sonent Songs would and sure might make the Moon retreat Were not for Counter-charms Brass-kettles beat Verse 465. Sylvanus God of the Woods Son to his Grandfather and Sister in this manner Venus being offended with Valeria Tusculanaria made her fall in love with her own Father She opened the wicked secret to her Nurse and the old Bawd trepand her Master into his Daughters Bed telling him there was a Neighbour's Daughter a very pretty young Maid that had a months mind to him but durst not speak for her self no nor look upon so reverend a person After enjoyment when the old man was tippled he took a light in his hand which the Nurse seeing prevented his fury and casting her self out of the Window broke her neck a President shortly after followed by the old man but Valeria trusting to her nimble feet over-ran her Father Valerius got into the VVoods and was delivered of Sylvanus called by the Grecians Aegypanes from his figure being a man with Goats feet This Phantasm was by the Greeks and Romans believed to be God of the VVoods and Cattel also that he had the power to transform Cyparissus the Boy whom he doted upon into a Cypress tree To this God men offered up a Hog but women never sacrificed to Sylvanus nor did any of their sex pay a farthing to the Bath-keeper as the Stoick did that imagined himself a King for which Horace laughs at him neither was it the fashion for women to wear short Coats all which my Author thinks fit they should take upon them as well as the understanding of great Authors which is proper only to men Verse 468. Enthymem An imperfect Sylogisme wanting one proposition Verse 471. Palaemon Remmius Palaemon born at Vincentia by Plin. and Ptol. called Vicentia He lived at Rome in the reigns of Tiberius and Claudius Caesar he was an excellent Grammarian and Tutor to M. Fabius Quintilian but such a pride his Art put into him that he said Learning was born and would die with him and used to call M. Varro a litterate Hog whom Quintilian not learning to make a Judgement from his Tutor called the most learned of the Romans and sayes he writ many learned books was a Master of the Latin tongue and skilfull in all Antiquity both of the Romans and Greeks One of Palaemon's brags was That Virgil in his Bucolicks prophecied of him as the only competent Judge of all Oratours and Poets He repoted that when Thieves had taken him after he had named himself they let him go but Poverty proved not so kinde for she never let goe her hold when she had catched him after his expensive vanity of bathing many times a day to which his fortunes were not answerable Suet. Verse 482. Poppaea Nero's Empress she invented a rare Pomatum and was so elegant so carefull to preserve her beauty that when she was banished Rome she carried fifty she-Asses along with her for their milk to wash her self in She died by a sudden rage of her Husband kicking her when she was with child Tacit. Verse 205. The Sicilian Court In the reigns of the cruellest Tyrants of Sicily Phalaris and the Dionisii Verse 509. Isis. Her first name was Io she was Daughter to the River Inachus and one of Jove's Mistresses For fear of Juno Jupiter metamorphosed her into a white Cow but Juno's jealousie found her out in that shape and begged the Cow of her Husband which he had not the courage to deny her Then she made Argos with his 100 eyes her Cow-keeper whereat Jupiter was so enraged that he slew him by the hand of Mercury Juno to revenge her self upon his Love made her mad and so grievously tormented her that Jove was forced to reconcile himself to his Wife and then won her to consent that Io might be restored to her former shape Afterwards she married Osiris and changed her name to Isis and after her death the Aegyptians in memory of benefits received from her by whom they were taught the use of Letters deified her and called her Priests Isaici See Plutarc in his Morals Neer to the Palace of Romulus by Juvenal here called the old Sheep-coat stood her Roman Temple which was the meeting place for Wenches Pimps and Bawds as appears in this and the ninth Satyr where it is pictured in the Designe Ovid. Multas Io facit quod fuit illa Jovi Io makes many what she was to Jove Verse 510. Psecas The Woman or Dresser to a tyrannicall Lady Verse 517. The Matron of the Wheel That being very old was in favour of her eye-sight spared from needle-work set to spinning and made one of her Lady's Councel Verse 525. Andromache VVife to Hector Daughter to Eetion King of Thebes in Cilicia Hom. lib. 12. Iliad and Mother to Astyanax In her widowhood Pyrrhus carried her into Greece and had by her a Son called Molossus afterwards falling in love with Hermione that was betroathed to Orestes he gave her in Dower part of his Kingdome and married her to the Prophet Helenus Son to Priam Volater Her name imports a Virago or a masculine woman and a tall one she was you may take Juvenal's word Verse 535. Bellona The Goddesse Pallas or Minerva formerly described whose fanatick Priests sacrificed to her their own blood and were therefore highly reverenced by the superstitious Roman Dames Verse 535. Cybele Vid. Sat. 2. where the Goddesse

would and she should have it for a nights lodging she asked the spirit of Prophecy and had it but he had no Cassandra The God in a rage to be so mockt though he had not power to recall his gift yet made it ineffectuall taking away the credit of her words from all that heard them In his Aeneis Virgil sayes that a little while before the Sack of Troy she was betroathed to young Choroebus that seeing her the very night the Town was taken carried away by a Grecian indeavoured to rescue her but in the attempt was slain by one Penelaus and the Maid her self defloured in the Temple of Minerva by Ajax King of the Greek Locrians that for his sacrilegious Rape was struck with a thunderbolt by the incensed Goddess Pallas Verse 308. Polyxena the greatest beauty of all Priam's Daughters At the Siege of Troy Achilles seeing her upon the walls fell in love with her and desired to be King Priam's Son in Law The King consented to the match and the Temple of Apollo was the Place where the Marriage was to be solemnized and the peace ratified Paris knowing this hid himself as aforesaid behind the Image of Apollo and with an arrow hit and slew Achilles When Troy was taken and Polyxena made a captive the Grecians dreamed Achilles appeared and charged them that Polyxena under pretense of whose marriage he was slain should be sacrificed to his Ghost This cruelty was acted by his Son Pyrrhus Ov. 23. Metam When they brought her to the Tomb of Achilles wanting a Garter she cut away the skirt of her Gown and with it tyed her Vest beneath her knee that she might fall modestly Verse 317. His old Wife Hecuba Wife to King Priam that after her Husband was slain lived till she was transformed into a Bitch Ovid. Metam lib. 13. This fable was grounded upon her behaviour when she was Prisoner to the Greeks for seeing the floating body of her Son Polydorus which they had cast into the Sea and having no other means of revenge she scolded at them like a Bitch that barks against the Moon Serv. Verse 320. Pontick King Mithridates See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 320. Solon One of the seven Sages of Greece He was born in the Isle of Salamis and flourished at Athens in the time of Tarquinius Priscus King of Rome Gell. lib. 17. cap 21. He gave to the Athenians Laws of such a temperament that both the Senate and the People Contraries in point of Interest and Opinion equally approved of them nay after the Republick of Athens came into the hands of a single person Solon's Lawes were confirmed by Pisistratus though he had altered the nature and quality of the Government Thus he writes to Solon I have provided that the State be still governed by your Lawes He abrogated all the Lawes of Draco but only those against Homicide When he fled from the Tyranny of Pisistratus first he went to Aegypt then to the Isle of Cyprus and lastly invited by Croesus King of Lydia he came to his Court at Sardys where the King shewed him his infinite riches and asked if he had ever known a happier person Solon answered yes one Tellus a very poor but a just man that lived under a good Government had virtuous Children lived to see their Children and then died in the service of his Country Croesus desirous to be thought happy in the second place asked him who doe you think the second happy he replied Cleobis and Biton Sons to the Argive Priestess that wanting a pair of Oxen as the custome was to draw her Chariot to the Temple of Juno when these young men could find no Oxen in the field they yoaked themselves and drew their Mother fourty five furlongs to the Temple where she prayed that the Goddess would reward this piety of her Sons with the best thing that could be given them which it appears was death for Cleobis and Biton after they had sacrificed and feasted slept in the Temple and never waked again Yet said Solon may Croesus be in the number of the happiest hereafter But no man can be justly called so before his death therefore Juvenal terms it Solon's just reply That would not Croesus should his fortune praise Vntill the Close and Ev'ning of his dayes This Answer Croesus found to be true by a sad experiment for he being defeated and taken prisoner by Cyrus King of Persia that condemned him to be burned to death for presuming to make a War in his Dominions when he lay upon the pile of wood ready to be fired he cryed out O Solon Solon Solon Cyrus that was present at the execution sent to know what Solon was perhaps thinking him to be a God that Croesus so called upon who told the Messenger I should never have come to this ignominious death if in the time of my prosperity I had thus remembred Solon that when I shewed him all my wealth would not pronounce me happy but said No Judgement could be made of any mans felicity till the hour of his death This Answere struck a terror into the great Persian King having then before his eyes the truth of Solon's words in the fortune of a mighty Prince and not knowing how soon it might come to be his own case Cyrus therefore pardoned Croesus and afterwards used his advise in the quality of a privy-Counsellor Herod lib. 1. He died in the eightith year of his age in the Isle of Cyprus leaving order that his body should be transported to Salamis there burned and his ashes scattered about the Island lest the People of Athens should get any relique of him and so think themselves to be absolved from the Oath which they made faithfully to observe his Lawes till his return to Athens His buriall in this place and manner though Plutarch thinks it fabulous is confirmed by the inscription upon his Monument Mors mea ne careat fletu linquamus amicis Maerorem ut celebrent funera cum lacrymis Lest with dry eyes friends should my Fun'ralls keep Grief I bequeath they shall have cause to weep Cic. Tusc. Quaest. lib. 1. See Val. Max. Suid. Diog. Laert. Verse 324. Marius See the Comment upon Sat. 8. Verse 333. Provident Campania Campania a Country in Italy so called because it was the Field or Campania where the constant battail was fought between Ceres and Bacchus that is where Corn and the Vine strove which should most inrich the soile Plin. It is now in relation to the Peasants that plough the earth and dress the Vines called Terra di Lavoro the Land of Labour Here Pompey in Capua some say at Naples fell sick of a burning Fever by a great Providence saith my Author For if he had died then he had not lost his own honour and the freedom of his Country at Pharsalia nor his life at the sixtith year of his age in Aegypt ut supra Verse 348. Latona Daughter to Coeus the Titan

they come within our Sea inclos'd Our Tyrrhene Pharos a work so compos'd That Italy forsook the forked Key Runs to imbrace the middle of the Sea Nature ne're made a Port of equall mark Through it the Master steers his broken Bark And brings her to an anchor in the Lee Where Baian Lighters lye from tempests free Their voyage the shav'd Saylors there relate And with much pleasure of past dangers prate Goe then boyes speak and think all good successe With flow'rs the soft hearths and grass-altars dress Cast bran upon your knives I le come anon And these our greater Ceremonies done Wee 'l home again where lesser wreaths of flow'rs Shall crown some lesser Images of ours Of frail but shining wax there I will turn My JOVE'S fierce wrath away there incense burn To my paternall Lars and flourish there As many colours as the Violets weare All 's neat and fine green boughs our gates adorn And hallow'd Tapers lighted with the morn Nor think CORVINUS this zeal counterfet CATULLUS for whose safe return I set So many Altars up hath three heirs male Who on a friend so hopeless would entaile A sick Hen 't is too costly none I know That on a Father will a Quail bestow All court the Childless if they PACCIUS find Or rich GALLITA fev'rishly inclin'd They post up pray'rs and to the Gods vow feasts There are that promise Hecatombes of Beasts Elephants that for State not sale we feed Not Italy but Sun-burnt climates breed Those Monsters kept in our Rutilian Grove Or TURNUS his Mead-royall CAESAR'S drove They scorn to be a private-man's as they That serv'd our Gen'ralls and did once obey The Tyrian HANNIBAL and Epire's King Whose Ancestors into the field did bring Part of his force and met the Roman pow'r Each bearing on his back a moving Tow'r Which could PACCUVIUS or NOVIUS buy These Ivory-Portents should Victims die GALLITA'S Lars and Deity to please Worthy this Goddess and such Knaves as these Whereof the last nam'd did the Law allow Would some of his great train of Servants vow The goodliest bodies his command imployes Veil-ore the foreheads of young Girles and Boyes Or if he had a Daughter of his own An IPHIGINIA marriageable grown She should to th' Altar though he hop'd to find No Tragick slight to change her for a hind My Roman puts down the Greek plot who dare A thousand Ships to a last Will compare For if Death's neer-aym'd dart the sick-man miss Hee 'l alter's Will caught in a net with this This pretious merit and sole heir create PACUVIUS who his Rivals foil'd takes state See how this Rascall growes a man of note By cutting of his IPHIGINIA'S throat But let PACUVIUS live to NESTOR'S age Get more by craft then NERO by his rage Pile gold up mountain high and when 't is done Nor love nor be belov'd of any one The Comment UPON THE TWELFTH SATYR VErse 1. Corvinus The Friend to whom Juvenal writes this Satyr Verse 4. Juno In the Capitol was the Temple of Jupiter to which joyned the Temples of Juno and Minerva under one roof cast into the figure of an Eagle that with his body covered Jupiter's Temple and spread his wings over Juno's and Minerva's To these being the principal of the selected Gods milk-white beasts were sacrificed Bulls to Jupiter Cowes to Juno and Minerva Juvenal bounding his devotions within the limits of his fortunes goes not to the Capitol to pay his vow for his friend 's safe arrival to these three Tarpeian Deities but building Altars of green Turfe offers milk-white Sacrifices to them all to Juno an Ewe-lamb another to Minerva to Jupiter a young Bullock wishing him a Bull as fat as Madam Hispulla that fell in love with the Tragedian Sat. 6. Verse 6. The Mauritanian Gorgon The Gorgons Medusa Sthenio and Euryale were Daughters to Phorcus and Cete They had the Isles of the Dorcades in the Aethiopick Ocean right against the Orchard of the Hesperides They were Martiall Ladies neer the Mountain Atlas upon the borders of Mauritania conquered by Minerva or Perseus that slew their Queen Medusa Xenoph. Herod Minerva is fabled to bear in her Shield Medusa's head that turns men into stones because wisdome petrefies the hearts of men making them constant and immoveable as Rocks Verse 10. Besprinkling Wine The grand Sacrifices are imitated by Juvenal both in colour and ceremony for he sprinkles wine between the Bullocks horns Queen Dido did no more when she offered a white Cow to Juno as you may see Aeneid lib. 4. Verse 17. Clitumnus A River that divides Vmbria and Tuscany Philargyr whose water gives such virtue to the rich pastures adjoyning that all the Cows grazing there have white Calves Therefore the Capitoline Sacrifices came from thence Plin. lib. 2. Propert. Verse 18. Arch-flamen The ordinary Minister that struck down the beast sacrificed was called Popa but Juvenal upon his Thanksgiving day would have had an Officer of better quality some Flamen or Arch-flamen in case his fortunes had been no less then his friend-ship to Catullus the Merchant Verse 33. Isis. The Temple of Isis notorious first for superstition as appears by the pennance which the great Lady is ready to perform if it be white Io's pleasure Sat. 6. secondly for lust Sat. 9. is famous in the third place for pictures of wracks at Sea vowed and dedicated to the Goddess Isis. One would have thought the Romans had choise of Gods enow of their own yet it seems they thought not so when in their dangers at Sea they made so many vowes to the Aegyptian Goddess Isis as imployed a whole company of Picture-drawers only to draw votive Tables that were to be hung up in her Temple Verse 48. Baetick aire In Baetick Spain now Granada is a pasture where the aire and water give a naturall tincture to the sheeps Fleeces dying the wool upon their backs of a colour between black and red Verse 50. Parthenius A Grecian a great Master in the art of graving Verse 52. Pholus A notorius drunken Centaur Theocr. When he treated Hercules he brought out a tunne of wine which he had buried in the sand and being pierced it cast a perfume upon the aire which his neighbour Centaurs presently sented and would have stormed the place if it had not been defended by Hercules that killed many of the Assailants and made the rest take their heels Diod. lib. 5. Verse 52. Fuscus his Wife She might have been Pholus his Wife if she could drink between 2 and 3 gallons at once Verse 53. Baskets All the merchandize Great Britain afforded in my Author's time and so great a rarity the Romans thought them that they made our British word Latin calling them Bascaudae nay they were angry that any but themselves should be said to have found out the Art of making Baskets Mart. lib. 14. Barbara de Pictis veni Bascauda Britannis Sed me jam mavult dicere Roma suam From British Picts the