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A16282 The manners, lauues, and customes of all nations collected out of the best vvriters by Ioannes Boemus ... ; with many other things of the same argument, gathered out of the historie of Nicholas Damascen ; the like also out of the history of America, or Brasill, written by Iohn Lerius ; the faith, religion and manners of the Aethiopians, and the deploration of the people of Lappia, compiled by Damianus a ̀Goes ; with a short discourse of the Aethiopians, taken out of Ioseph Scaliger his seuenth booke de emendatione temporum ; written in Latin, and now newly translated into English, by Ed. Aston.; Omnium gentium mores, leges, et ritus. English. 1611 Boemus, Joannes, ca. 1485-1535.; Góis, Damião de, 1502-1574.; Nicolaus, of Damascus.; Léry, Jean de, 1534-1611. Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Brésil.; Scaliger, Joseph Juste, 1540-1609. De emendatione temporum.; Aston, Edward, b. 1573 or 4. 1611 (1611) STC 3198.5; ESTC S102777 343,933 572

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and receiued it againe at his hands onely to appease the Pope being then his enemy To passe ouer the seuerall peoples that haue inhabited this Island and the times of their continuance as Britans Romans Danes and Saxons and to come to times more nere vnto vs for that my purpose is not to wade in vncertaine waters but briefly to touch the present state and condition of my country too sleightly slipt ouer by mine author William surnamed the Conqueror bastard sonne to Robert the sixth Duke of Normandy and cousin germaine vnto King Edward the Confessor by the mothers side pretending a title vnto this Kingdome by the guift of Edward his kinseman and also by a couenant confirmed by oth betwixt Harrold and him entred this land slue King Harrold in battaile and obtained the crowne by conquest vpon the fourteenth day of October 1066. Hee alterred the whole state of the country dispossessed the Inhabitants and distributed their lands by portions vnto his people that came in with him he raigned twenty yeeres eight monthes and sixteene daies and left the Kingdome to William his third sonne surnamed William Rufus who was flaine in hunting after hee had raigned twelue yeeres eleuen months and eighteene daies and hauing no issue left the gouernment to Henry his brother and youngest sonne to William the Conqueror Henry the first surnamed Henry Beuclarke raigned fiue and thirty yeeres foure months and eleuen daies and dying without issue male left the crowne vnto Stephen Earle Morton and of Bologne sonne to the Earle of Bloys and Adela William Conquerors daughter and nephew to King Henry the first Stephen raigned eighteene yeeres eleuen months and eighteene daies and Henry sonne to Maude the Empresse whose mother was Maude Queene of England wife to King Henry the first and daughter to Margaret Queene of Scots who was daughter to Edward the sonne of Edmund surnamed Ironsyde by which meanes the Saxon line was againe restored succeeded in his Kingdome Henry the second raigned foure and thirty yeeres nine months and two daies and then departing this life left the managing of the estate vnto his third sonne Richard surnamed Richard Ceur de Lyon Richard the first raigned nine yeeres nine months and two and twenty daies and dying without issue his brother Iohn disinheriting Arthur and Eleanor the right heires to the crowne as being the issue of Ieffrey Duke of Britan his elder brother who was fourth sonne to Henry the second and died before his father tooke vpon him the gouernment Iohn raigned seuenteene yeeres seuen monthes and Henry his eldest sonne raigned in his steed Henry the third raigned sixe and fiftie yeeres and one month and left his sonne Edward surnamed Long-shankes to rule after him Edward the first raigned foure and thirty yeeres eight monthes and nine daies and exchanging his Kingdome for the Kingdome of heauen left the crowne to his sonne Edward of Carnaruon so called because hee was borne there Edward the second raigned nineteene yeeres seuen months and sixe daies and beeing then deposed the gouernment was committed to Edward his sonne Edward the third raigned fifty yeeres foure monthes and seuen daies and left the Kingdome vnto Richard his grand-child the sonne of Edward the Black Prince who died before his father Richard the second was deposed when hee had raigned two and twenty yeeres foureteene weekes and two daies and Henry Plantagenet sonne to Iohn of Gante Duke of Lancaster fourth sonne to Edward the third got possession of the crown rather by force then by lawful succession Henry the fourth raigned thirteene yeeres six months and foure daies and his sonne Henry succeeded him in the Kingdome Henry the fifth whose valor France well knew raigned nine yeeres fiue months and foure and twenty daies and left the gouernment to his sonne Henry likewise Henry the sixth raigned eight and thirty yeeres sixe months and nineteene daies and Edward Earle of March eldest sonne to Richard Duke of Yorke clayming the crowne by liniall discent from Lionel Duke of Clarence third sonne to Edward the third and elder brother to Iohn of Gante Duke of Lancaster succeeded him in the gouernment Edward the fourth raigned two and twenty yeeres fiue weekes one day left the Kingdom to his son Edward Edward the fifth was murthered by Richard Duke of Glocester youngest sonne to Richard Duke of Yorke and youngest brother to Edward the fourth when hee had raigned onely ten weekes and foure daies Richard the third hauing butchered his Nephewes and vsurped the crowne of England was slaine by Henry the Seuenth when hee had raigned two yeeres two monthes and fiue daies and left the Crowne vnto the said Henry who was next heire from the house of Lancaster and married Elizabeth Daughter vnto Edward the Fourth next heire from the house of Yorke by which marriage hee revnited the two long deuided houses of Yorke and Lancaster Henry the Seuenth raigned three and twenty yeeres eight monthes and nineteene daies and left the Kingdome to Henry his Second sonne for his eldest sonne Arthur died before his father without issue Henry the Eight raigned seuen and thirty yeeres ten monthes and one day and left the charge of the gouernment to Edward his sonne Edward the Sixth raigned sixe yeeres fiue monthes and nineteene daies and Queene Mary his eldest sister succeeded him Queene Mary raigned fiue yeeres fiue monthes and two and twenty daies and her sister Queene Elizabeth raigned after her Queene Elizabeth raigned foure and forty yeeres foure monthes and foureteene daies Shee was the mirrour of the world for Gouernment and her sex considered beyond compare admirable religious prudent magnanimous mercifull beloued euill spoken of by none but onely the wicked neuer to bee remembred of any true hearted Englishman but which reioycing for her birth and sorrowing for her death Her Virgine life was such as that for politique respects beeing mooued to marry in the first yeere of her reigne her answere was that that estate liked her best wherein she then liued with all concluding for satisfaction to her subiects with a Deus Prouidebit God shall prouide an heire for this Kingdome which blessed bee God therefore our eyes haue after foure and forty yeeres of her gratious raigne now to our comfort seene But for your better satisfaction I will here set downe her words at large as they are penned by Maister Stow in his Annals of England AS I haue had good cause so doe I giue you all my hearty thankes for the good zeale and louing care you see me to haue as well towardes mee as the whole estate of your Country your petition I perceiue consisteth of three partes and mine answere to the same shall depend of two And to the first part I may say vnto you that from my yeeres of vnderstanding sith I first had consideration of my selfe to bee borne a seruitor of almighty God I happily chose this kinde of life in the which I yet liue which I assure you for
of Isthmus and extending north and south lyeth opposite to that part of the Mediterranean sea which is called Aegeum on the East and on the West to the sea Ionium as the hill Apennyne deuideth Italy in the middle so is Greece seperated and deuided with Mountaines called Thermopilae the toppes of the hills stretching in length from Leucas and the Weasterne sea towards the other sea which is Eastward The vtmost hills towards the west bee called Oeta the highest whereof is named Callidromus in whose valley there is a way or passage into the Maliacan gulfe not aboue threescore paces broad through which way if no resistance bee made a whole hoste of men may bee safely conducted but the other parts of those hills bee so steepe craggy and intrycate as it is not possible for the nimblest foote-man that is to passe ouer them there hills bee called Thermopilae of the piles or bankes that stand like gates at the entrance of the hills and of the hot waters that spring out of them by the sea side of Greece ly these regions Acarnania Aetolia Locris Phocis Baeotia and Eubaea which are almost annexed to the land Attica and Peloponesus runne further into the sea than these other countries do varying from the other in proportion of hills and vpon that part which is towards the North it is included with Epirus Phirrhaebia Magnesia Thessalia Phithiotae and the Malican gulfe The most famous and renowned citty of Athens the nurse of all liberall sciences and Philosophers than the which there is no one thing in all Greece of more excellency and estimation is scituated betwixt Achaia and Macedonia in a country there called Attica of Atthis the Kings daughter of Athens who succeeded Cecrops in the kingdome and builded Athens Of this Cecrops it was called Secropia and after Mopsopia of Mopsus And of Ian the sonne of Xutus or as Iosephus writeth of Ianus the sonne of Iaphet it was called Ionia and lastly Athens of Minerua for the Greekes call Minerua Athenae Draco was the first that made lawes for the Athenians many of which lawes were afterwards abrogated by Solon of Salamin for the too seuere punishment inflicted vpon offenders for by all the laws which Draco ordained death was due for euery little offence in such sort as if one were conuicted but of sloth or Idlenesse hee should die for it and he which gathered rootes or fruits out of an others mans grounds was as deepely punished as those which had murdered their parents Solon deuided the citty into societies trybes or wards according to the estimation and valuation of euery ones substance and reueneus In the first rancke were those whose substance was supposed to consist of five hundred medimni those which were worth three hundred medimni and were able to breed and keepe horses were counted in the second order and those of the third degree were equall in substance to the second the charge of keeping horses onely excepted And of these orders were all magistrates and high officers for the most part ordained and those which were vnder these degrees were in the fourth rancke and were called mercenary and were excluded from all offices sauing that they might haue the charge of pleading and decyding causes This institution of ciuill gouernment Seruius Tullius is supposed to haue followed and imitated at Rome Moreouer Solon appointed a Senate or Councell consisting of yearely Magistrates in Areopagus though some haue reported that Draco was the founder of that assembly And to the end that hee might take away all occasion of ciuill dissention that might happen at any time afterwards and that the inconsiderate multitude should not trouble the iudiciall sentences by their doubtfull acclamations as vsually they did out of those foure trybes that were then in Athens hee made choyse of foure hundred men an hundred out of euery trybe giuing them power to approue the acts and decrees of the Arreopagites if they were agreeable to equity if other-wise to councell them and annihilate their doings by which meanes the state of the citty stayde as it were by two sure anchors seemed secure vnmoueable and of likelyhood to continue if any were condemned for parricide or for affection and vsurping the cheefe gouernment they were excluded by Solons lawe from bearing rule and not there onely but all those also were barred and prohibited to beare offices that if any sedition were set a foote in the citty stood neuter and tooke nether part for hee thought it an argument of a bad Cittyzen not to bee carefull of the common good and peace of others when hee him-selfe hath setled his owne estate and designes in safety Amongst the rest of Solons acts this is most admirable whereby he graunted liberty that if any woman had married a man vnable to beeget children shee might lawfully and without controulement depart from him and take vnto her any one of her husbands kindred whome shee liked best Hee tooke away all vse of mony-dowries from amongst them so as a woman might take nothing with her from her fathers but a few clothes and other trinkets of small worth signifying thereby that marriages should not bee made for mony but for loue and procreation of children least their euill life might bee a blotte and skandall vnto them after their deaths If any man slaundered his neighbour ether at the solemnization of their diuine ceremonies or at their sessions and publike assemblies hee was fined at foure drachmas Hee graunted power and authority vnto Testators to dispose and bequeath legacies of mony and goods amongst whome they pleased whereas before by the custome of the country they were not to bequeath any thing from their owne families and by this meanes friendshippe was preferred before kindred and fauour before allyances Neuerthelesse this was done with such caution and prouision that noe one could graunt such legacies beeing mooued there-vnto either through their owne franticke madnesse or by the subtill and vndermyning perswasions of other but meerely of his owne accord and good discretion Hee forbad all mournings and lamentations at other mens funeralls and enacted that the sonne should not bee bound to releeue his father if his father had not brought him vp in some arte or profitable occupation nor that bastards should nourish or releeue their parents and his reason was this that hee which forbeareth not to couple with a strumpet giueth euident demonstration that he hath more care of his owne sensuall pleasures then of the procreation of children and thereby hee becommeth vnworthy of reward or releefe of such children if the fall into pouerty Besides these Solon iudged it meete that the adulterer apprehended in the deed doing might lawfully be slaine and that he that forced and rauished a free-borne Virgin should be fined at ten Drachmas He abrogated and tooke away their ancient custome of selling their daughters and sisters vnlesse they were conuinced of whoredome and amongst
cittie to be sacrificed to Apollo a measure of fine wheate flower called Medimnum containing sixe Modia and a measure of wine called a Laconian quart In the beholding of single combats the Kings preceded and gouerned certaine places hauing for their assistants what Cittizens they pleased And each king might choose two Pitheans which were such as were wont to be sent to Delphos to aske counsell of the Oracle and these did commonly diet with the Kings The Kings allowance when they came not to meales in the vsuall place was two measures full of fine flower called Chaenices or Chaeniae which is much about halfe one of our peckes and a measure full of wine called Cotyla that is as much as Sextarius which is about a pinte and an halfe English but when they were present they had double in quantitie as much of euery thing as all the rest that sate with them The Kings were to determine who should be husbands of orphane maydes whose parents were deceased whether he to whome the father bequeathed her or hee on whome the mother bestowed her they had power also ouer common wayes and ouer such as made adopted sons against the kings minds they had seates in the Councell or Senate-house which consisted of 28. Senatours wherein they might sit at their pleasures but if they would not come thither then two of the Senatours which were most neere and deare vnto them represented their persons and had power to pronounce to voyces or suffrages for the Kings and two other for themselues And such were the honors and dignities giuen to the Kings by the Common-wealth of Sparta while they liued and when they were dead these following First certaine hors-men proclaimed and divulged the Kings death throughout all Laconia the like was done also by certaine women which walked vppe and downe about the cittie striking and beating vpon pots or kettles which done there must of euery house two one man and one woman and both free-borne be stayned soyled and defiled with weeping and lamenting which if they refused to do they were seuerally punished The Lacedemonians vsed the same orders in their Kings Funeralles as the barbarous people of Asia did for in this manner did most of those barbarous people bury their Kings The death of the King beeing thus divulged the cittizens of Sparta summoned all their friends and kinsfolkes out of all the Countrey of Lacedemonia to the funerall And after many thousands both of them and of their seruants as also of the Spartans themselues were there assembled both men and women mingled together they lamented and wept beating and striking vppon their forheads and roaring and howling most bitterly concluded their lamentation with this saying That this last deceased king was the best of all their kings And if any of their kings were slaine in the wars they fashioned and pourtrayed an image like vnto him and laying it vpon a bed very richly furnished spent some ten dayes in the interring thereof during which time there was continual vacation and ceasing from prosecuting lawes and exercising iustice in places iudiciall nor was there any Sessions of Magistrates or Officers in all that time but continuall lamentation and bewayling And in this the Lacedemonians agreed with the Persians for when the Lacedemonian King was dead he which succeeded him pardoned and released euery Spartane of all his debt what euer it was that he owed either to the King or Common-wealth And so likewise in Persia he which was newly created king remitted and forgaue vnto all the Cittizens their tribute which they owed In this also the Lacedemonians imitated the Aegiptians for in Lacedemonia as wel as in Aegipt both Cryers Minstrels and Cookes succeeded their fathers in their arts and occupations so as a Cooke was begott by a Cooke a Trumpetter by a Trumpetter and a Cryer by a Cryer Nor did any intrude themselues into another mans function or calling but perseuered and continued in their fathers trade and vocation Of the I le of Creete and of the customes most common amongst the Cretensians CAP. 4. CREETE which is also called Candy is an Iland-situated in the Mediterranian sea and very famous and renowned for hauing in it an hundred Citties This Iland as Strabo writeth is compassed vppon the north with the Aegean Creetish sea and with the Libican or Africane sea vppon the South it lyeth towards Egila and Cythera vpon the west and hath vppon the East the I le Carpathus which lyeth in the midst betwixt Rhodes and Creete The whole Iland containeth in length two hundred and seuentie myles and fiftie myles in breadth and the circuite or compasse round about the Island is fiue hundred eightie and eight myles The most renowned Citties of Creete be Gortyna Cydonea Cnossus and Minois or Minon which is the Kings seate And of all the hilles in the countrey the hill Ida is most famous as beeing of an exceeding and wonderfull height the length whereof as Apollodorus saith is two thousand and three hundred Stadia and fiue thousand and more in compasse but Artimedorus saith That it is not so much in compasse by a thousand stadia In Creete liue no noysome or offensiue creatures there be neither Serpents nor owles bredde and if any be brought thither from other places they dye instantly There be aboundance of Goates but few or no Deere at all it yeeldeth great store of the best and daintiest wines and produceth an herbe called Diptamus which is a byting and drawing hearbe and by vs called Dittanie Dittander or garden Ginger and the Alunosa which beeing eaten is a present remedie against extreame hunger It bringeth foorth also the poysoned and venimous Sphalangi and a pretious stone called Idaeus Dactylus It was first called Cureta of the Inhabitants of Curetes and now by contraction Creete Some others say it was called Creete of one Cres who was sonne vnto Iupiter king of the Curetes and some of Crete the Nymph who was daughter to Hesperides The people at the first were very rude and barbarous till Rodomanthus reduced them to more ciuilitie and better manners after whome succeeded Minois who adorned and furnished them with more equitie and iustice Plato sayth that the Lacedemonians and other auncient citties of Greece deriued their lawes and ordinances from Creete But the good estate of that nation was ouerthrowne and turned vp-side downe first by the gouernement of Tyrants and afterwards by the robberie and warres of the people of Cilicia For the Cretans were very studious in diuers sciences and desirous of libertie which they esteemed their Summum bonum and supposed they possessed all such things as were not subiect to the wanton lusts and vnlawfull desires of Tyrants They had a great care prouident respect and regard of Concord and Amitie as they be mortall enemies to Discord and Sedition which are the nurses and fosterers of Couetousnesse and vnsatiable desire of riches and therefore the people of Creete in auncient