him l. 10. p. 18 Alice Mother to Francis the first of France l. 1. p. 12 Alphonso Este Duke of Ferrara l. 1. p. 21 Alphonso Count de Sommai designed Colonell of the Italians at Milain l. 10. p. 7 Alphonso Leva sonne to Sancho Vice-roy of Navarre l. 10. p. 6. by orders from Don Iâ—hm fights the enemy p. 9. worsts him p. 10. brings off the Foot p. 12 Alphonse Lopes l. 5. p. 142 Alphonso Vlloa Colonel of the Spanish Foot in the Nâ—apolitan Regiment l. 6. p. 30 Alphonso Vargas commanding the Spanish Horse l. 8. p. 18. Rouâ—s the Glimâ—â—ens p. 21. Recovers Maâ—stricht ibid. marches to Antwerp takes and plunders it p. 22 23. he and the Spaniards leave the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 32 Altapen vide Charles Altempse vide Hannibal Alvarez Pacecho a Colonell l. 7. p. 72 Alava vide Francisco Alva vide Ferdinand Toledo Duke of Alva and Garçias Ambition Of the Belgick Lords in arms and at Court l. 2. p. 37 38 41 42. Of Granvell ibid. Of Egmont l. 2. p. 38. Of the Prince of Orange naturall to him ibid. and l. 2. p 45. l. 5. p. 121. l. 7. p. 40. reprehended in Senate l. 3. p. 67. Of Robert Brederod to be Archbishop of Cambray l. 2. p. 41. Vide Emulation Ambois vide Conspiracy Amity of neighbour Princes to be wished for l. 4. p. 91 Amida King of Tunis l. 10. p. 19. 21 Amâ—rsfort l. 7. p. 75 Amsterdam in Holland threatens to revolt from the King l. 6. p. 1. The wickednesse of the Hereticks there l. 5. p. 131. A Convention of the Convenanters p. 137. Pious courage of the women p. 131. The Covenanters would have surprized the Town l. 6. p. 19. are beat back ibid. the Citie receives a Garrison p. 20. is faithfull to the Spaniard l. 7. p. 72. begins to wayer l. 9. p. 41. is assaulted by the Prince of Orange l. 10. p. 5. resists wherein the women do speciall service ibid. It is rendred and deceived ibid. the destruction of all things sacred in the Town ibid. Anabaptists l. 2. p. 36 Andelott a Low-countrey man one of the Covenanters l. 6. p. 19 Andelott Coliny Generall of the French Foot l. 3. p. 56 Anderlech Steward to Count Megan l 5. p. 101 Andrew Salazar a Captain l. 6. p. 33 Andreas Vesaliâ—s Physician to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 10 Anguisiola vide Iuan. Aniâ— a River l. 7. p. 56 Anne of Austria daughter to the Emperour Maximilian is designed for wife to Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 68. after whose death his Father King Philip marries her ibid. She comes into the Low-countreys ibid. is conducted into Spain ibid. dies l. 7. p. 82 Anne Egmont first wife to the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 53 Anne daughter to Don Iohn of Austria l. 10. p. 23 Anne daughter of Mourice Duke of Saxony wife to the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 53. her marriage ibid. She is divorced and sent back into Germany p. 54 Annâ—â—s Mâ—morancy Constable of France l. 3. p. 61. his death l. 6. p. 35. he and the Duke of Alva compared l. 7. p. 83. Th' Ancibarian Generall his Vow against the 〈◊〉 l. 3. p. 51 Antonio Alâ—â—yda Anthony Bombâ—rg of Antwerp l. 6. p. 1. 2 Anthony Bourbon King of Navarre brother to the Prince of Caâ—da l. 3. p. 56. his various fortune ibid. he treats with King Philip about the restitution oâ— commutation of the Kingdome of Navarre p. 58. he withdraws his protection from the Hereticks p. 59. whereupon he hopes to marry Mary Stuart Queen of Scots ibid. he takes Roan p. 61. enters it triumphantly ibid. dies of a shot received at the Siege ibid. Anthony Gâ—igâ—y Lord of Vendege trailed a pike under Charles the fifth l. 9. p. 50. was a Commander of horse at the battel of St. Quintin ibid. Lieutenant Generall to Count Aremberg in France ibid. The discord of the Spaniards and Low-countrey men makes him leave the Kings Service ibid. he is Generall of the Confederates army p. 50. sent to Antwerp by the Deputies of the Estates l. 8. p. 22. taken prisoner p. 23. exchanged l. 9. p. 31. took again at the batâ—el of Gemblac l. 9. p. 52. Committed to the Fort at Mamure ibid. Antonio Gusman Marquesse of Ayamont Governour of Milain l. 9. p. 32. 47 Anthony Lalin Count Hochstras Captain of a troop of Low-countrey Horse l. 1. p. 17. made Knight of the Golden-Fleece by the endeavours of the Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 46. Governour of Mechlin l. 5. p. 1â—1 one of the Gentlemen Covenanters p. 101. he acts for the Hereticks l. 6. p. 1. meets the Covenanters at Cuilemburg house l. 5. p. â—109 assignes the Hereticks Churches in Mechlin l. 5. p. 131. gives reasons for it to the Governesse ibid. comes with the rest of the Lords to the Convention at Dendermond b. 5. p. 134. He is Lieutenant Governour of Antwerp for the Prince of Orange l. 5. p. 139. sends the Petition of the Hereticks at Antwerp to the Gouerness ibid. endeavours to draw Count Egmont to the new League p. 142. He and the Prince of Orange oppose the furious Calvinists at Antwerp l. 6. p. 4. refuseth to take the Oath of fidelitie to the King l. 6. p. 12. looseth his Government of Mechlin ibid. answers Count Mansfeldt jeeringly ibid. he and Count Egmont fall out l. 6. p. 14. 15. he promiseth before the Governess to take the Oath l. 6. p. 15. is sent for to Bruxels with the rest of the Lords by the Duke of Alva to set the State in Order l. 6. p. 32. hearing of their imprisonment he flies p. 33. he is impeached before the Councel of twelve l. 7. p. 41. pronounced guilty of High Treason by the Duke of Alva p. 42. his forces beyond the Mose routed by Avila p. 46. he is carâ—ied off the field sick l. 7. p. 56. his baggage taken by the Spaniard ibid. he is Generall at the battel by the Bank of Geta l. 7. p. 62. dies of a musket shot ibid. Antonio Mendosa l. 6. p. 26 Antonio Olivera first Commissary of Horse that ever was in the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30. at the battel of Mâ—och l. 8. p. 4. at the sack of Antwerp l. 8. p. 22. at the battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 50. brings his Prisoners to Don Iohn p. 51. hath a Pension assigned him by the â—ing l. 10. p. 7. Anthony Percâ—ot Granvell his birth l. 2. p. 39. Wit Languages and Elocution ibid. his emulation with Regnard l. 3. p. 67. from the Bishoprick of Arras first translated to the Archbishoprick of Mechlin l. 1. p. 18. commended by the Emperour to his sonne Philip the second l. 2. p. 40. His arts to ingratiate himself with the King ibid. he answers Charles the fifth for King Philip l. 1. p. 4. speaks for the King of the Estates l. 1. p. 25. his power with the King l. 3. p. 67 68. he stands for
8. p. 13. Iohn Pettin l. 8. p. 2. Iohn the 22 Pope l. 2. p. 30. Iohn Regula Confessar to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 7. Iohn Sellius in the Kings name treats for peace with the Deputies of the Estates l. 10. p. 5. 6. Iohn Sorean General of the Gheuses hath a plot upon Lisle l. 6. p. 6 7. Attempts Lanoi in vain ibid. fights with Norcarmius ibid. is Routed ibid. Iohn Spell Provost Marshal chief actor in the execution of the Lords and Gentlemen l. 7. p. 49. hang'd ibid. Iohn Valhart Commander of horse l. 5. p. 132. Iohn Vangest maternal Grandfather to Margaret of Ausria l. 1. p. 20. Iohn Vargas Mexia the King of Spain's Embassadour l. 10. p. 20 24. Joy for the Peace between the French and Spaniard l. 1. p. 12. For the departure of Cardinal Graâ—vell l. 4. p. 80 81. At Rome for the twins Alexander and Charles Farneze l. 9. p. 42 43. At the marriage of Alexander Farneze and Princesse Mary of Portugall l. 4. p. 94 For the Emperour disclaiming the plunder of Rome l. 1. p. 9. Joyful entry l. 2. p. 30. the Priviledges therein contain'd ibid. l. 9. p. 36. Ipre a town of the lower Flanders l. 5. p. 122. Bishop of Ipre Ibid. l. 7. p. 52. vide Iconomachy Ireland offer'd to Don Iohn l. 10. p. 22. Isabella Briganze wife to Edward Prince of Portugall l. 4. p. 92. Isabella wife to Charles the fifth l. 10. p. 17. Isabella sister to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 19. Isabella the Catholick Queen l. 4. p. 78. Her armes ibid. Isabella Clara Eugenia daughter to Philip the second is born l. 5. p. 132. baptiz'd by the Popes Nuncio ibid. married to Albert Rodolp the Emperours brother and endow'd with the Low-Countrey ibid. Isabella daughter to Henry the second of France l. 1. p. 12 13. why she was call'd the Princesse of Peace ibid. promised to Charles Prince of Spain ibid. l. 7. p. 68. married to his father Philip the second l. 1. p. 12. is brought into Spain l. 3. p. 57. present at the Conference at Baion l. 4. p. 87. Dies l. 7. p. 45. Isabella of Portugall mother to Philip the second l. 4 p. 92. Isabella of Portugall wife to Philip Duke of Burgundy l. 4. p. 94. Ischius sent by the Senate to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 26 27. refuses the Counsel given him by the way ibid. Incurs the hatred of many for his Commendations of Don Iohn of Austria Ibid. Isell a River l. 8. p. 7. Isidor Pacecho a Spanish Captain at the wading over Sea to Duveland l. 8. p. 10. Dies shot l. 8. p. 12. His courage and last words ibid. He and Caesar's Centurian parallel'd ibid. Italians attribute the victory at Mooch to the Marquesse of Monte l. 8. p. 3. depart the Low-countries l. 9. p. 32. are brought back thither by Alexander Farneze l. 9. p. 41. Their valour at the Battel of Rmenant l. 10. p. 12. who was call'd the Paladin of Italy l. 8. p. 4. Forces rais'd in Italy l. 6. p. 25 30. l. 10. p. 6. Iuan Acugnia sent by the King to Savoy l. 6. p. 21. Iuan Auguisciola a Colonel l. 3. p. 60. Iuan Aranda sounds the Foard in the Zeland Expedition l. 8. p. 9. His relation to Requescenes ibid. He wades the Sea to Duveland l. 8. p. 10. Iuan a Cerâ—a Duke of Medina Coeli made Governour of the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 68. goes into the Netherlands and presently returns for Spain ibid. Iuan Escovedo perswades Don Iohn to dismisse the Spaniards l. 9. p. 28. His speech to the Spaniards l. 9. p. 31. He is sent into Spain l. 9. p. 36. l. 10. p. 20. His death ibid. Iuan Zuniga Father to Requesenes great Commendador of the Knights of St. Iago in Castile l. 8. p. 15. Iuan Zuniga brother to Requesenes the Kings Embassadour at Rome l. 4. p. 81. Iudoignia rendred to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 53. Iuliers the territory l. 7. 46. The Duke l. 9. p. 36. l. 10. p. 4. Iuliano Romero l. 6. p. 30. a Spaniard ibid. Colonel of the Sicilian Regiment ibid. wounded l. 7. p. 80. Joyn'd with Glimè to relieve Middelburg l. 8. p. 2. His life endanger'd in a Tumult at Bruxells l. 8. p. 18. Invades Antwerp l. 8. p. 22. takes Philip Egmont ibid. Departs with the Spaniards from the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 32. Dies of a fall with his horse l. 9. p. 41. Iulio Pavesio the Popes Legate to the Emperour l. 5. p. 114. Iulius the second Pope l. 3. p. 57. l. 8. p. 15. S. Iustâ—us Monastery l. 1. â—6 Iusticium or the Courts of Justice forbidden to sit in a time of publick mourning l. 1. â—9 Iustus Scowemburg sollicited by Brederod l. 6. p. 20. Enters Frisland l. 7. p. 46. represses the seditions of the Germans l. 7. p. 55. At the battel of Geming l. 7. p 56. His Carriages taken ibid. Iustus Villers defends Nivell for the States l. 9. p. 56. Sentences in I. OCcasion cannot be long wanting to IMPROBITIE l. 7. p. 40. INFANTS manners are moulded by the example of their Parents much sooner then by the Stars that raign at their Nativities l. 9. p. 43. It seems to be an argument of JUST anger not to be friends upon the sudden l. 5. p. 1â—4 K. KEunava Colonel of a Regiment of women in the siege of Harlem l. 7. p. 79. admir'd even by the enemy ibid. King of Cyprus l. 5. p. 139. King of the Romans l. 1. p. 5. King of Spain vide Philip. King of France vide Charles Francis Lewis Kingdome resign'd l. 1. p. 3 5. translated l. 1. p. 4. Erected l. 1. p. 15. Knights of the Golden Fleece who and by whom created l. 1. p. 16 44. l. 6. p. 28. l. 7. p. 47 53. l. 9. p. 42. The Order it self when and by whom instituted l. 1. p. 17. l. 4. p. 94. To what number the Knights was encreased l. 1. p. 25. yet farther augmented by Charles the fifth ibid. Under the Patronage of what Saint l. 4. p. 94. The Master of the Knights l. 1. p. 3. l. 5. p. 107. tâ—eir Herauld commonly call'd Tosond'or l. 5. p. 101. In whom the power is to create them l. 2. p. 46 47. Their legal Judge l. 7. p. 50. Their Convention at Gant l. 2. p. 46. Their Assembly l. 1. p. 3 25. Their Convocation l. 3. p. 69. The result thereof ibid. Their Combination against the power of Granvel ibid. some of them numbered among the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. Their Joy at the marriage of Alexander Farneze and Mary Princesse of Portugal l. 4. p. 94. A Libell published in their name by the Gheuses l. 5. p. 112. Knights of Calatrava l. 7. p. 58. Of St. Iohns of Ierusalem l. 6. p. 23 30. Of St. Jago l. 8. p. 1. Of St. Stephen l. 8. p. 14. Sentences in K. KINGS that have large Dominions never want causes of War nor rewards for Souldiers l. 9.
16. the first that promiseth to take the Oath of fidelity l. 6. p. 11. sent with the Fleet to transport Princess Mary from Portugall l. 4. p. 91. high in the Kings esteem l. 5. p. 135. l. 8. p. 17. his disposition l. 5. p. 136. combines with other Lords against Granveâ—l l. 3. p. 75. is with the Gentlemen Covenanters in the Prince of Orange his house l. 5. p. 107. opposeth some of them ibid. gives his Vote in Senate against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. is enraged at his son for joyning with them ibid. discovers to the Governess many particulars concerning the Gheuses and their Design l. 5. p. 121. his opinion of the Iâ—onomachy in the Netherlands l. 5. p. 127. of Lewis of Nassau ibid. of using Armes to suppress the Gheuses l. 5. p. 129. is Lievtenant Governour of Bruxells for the Governeâ—s l. 5. p. 130. Count Egmonts Letter to him l. 5. p. 136. his answer ibid. ready to serve the King in all things ibid. l. 8. p. 17. the Duke of Alva sends him General into France l. 7. p. 64. there he gives a totall Rout to Lewis of Nassau's horse fighting for the Hugonots ibid. his right Arme shot ibid. he writes to Margaret of Parma what the Duke of Alva did in the Low-Countries l. 7. p. 68. endeavours to pacifie the seditious Spaniards l. 8. p. 18. is designed by Requeseres on his death-bed Commander in Chief of the Low-Countrey Militia l. 8. p. 16. violently taken out of the Senate and committed to Prison l. 8. p. 20. Chosen to Command the Spanish Army departing out of the Low-countries l. 9. p. 32. Camp Master in the battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 50. his Vote in a Councel of War l. 10. p. 8. his place at Iohn's Funeral l. 10. p. 22. Philibert Chalon the last of the Chalons that was Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 43. Philibert Bruxellius speaks to the Estates of the Low-Countries for the Emperour when he resigned l. 1. p. 4. appointed by the Governess to examine the Tumults at Valenciens l. 3. p. 62. in Senate he reads a Letter touching the Lords Conspiracy l. 5. p. 103. Philipland a Desert Island l. 8. p. 10 13. Philipland besieged l. 9. p. 57. its site Ibid. Governour l. 9. p. 58. 't is invaded ibid. rendred ibid. Philip the first son to the Emperour Maximilian and Mary Dutchesse of Burgundy l. 1. p. â—7 Philip the second son to Charles the fifth and Isabella of Portugal is born l. 1. p. 9. l. 4. p. 92. why publick joy was forbidden at his birth l. 1. p. 9. he marryeth Mary Daughter to Iohn the third of Portugal l. 4. p. 92. Mary Queen of England married to him l. 1. p. 3â—4 l. 3. p. 71. the English love him not l. 1. p. 9. he moves his father and hastens his Resignment of the Low-countries ibid. the Emperour resigning makes him Master of the Order l. 1. p. 3. l. 5. p. 107. all the Emperours Kingdomes given him l. 1. p. 5. l. 2. p. 30. what answer he made to one that minded him of the Anniversary day of his Fathers Abdication l. 1. p. 6. he makes the Duke of Savoy Governour of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 11. concludes a Truce with Henry the second of France ibid. is at War with the Pope ibid. sets the Queen of England at difference with the French ibid. victorious at St. Quintin ibid. receives a blow at Calice ibid. beats the French at Graveling ibid. p. 12. makes a peace with the French ibid. marrieth Isabella daugther to Henry King of France ibid. thinks of returning into Spain l. 1. p. 14. settles the State of the Low countries ibid. Political l. 1. p. 16. Military l. 1. p. 17. and Sacred ibid. and l. 2. p. 29. Convenes the Estates and the Knights of the Golden Fleece at Gant l. 1. p. 18. Creates Margaret of Austria Gouernesse of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 19 â—4 makes some New Knights of the Order l. 1. p. 25. l. â— p. 46. treats with the Deputies of the States ibid. 26. goes for Spain ibid. as he was hunting acknowledges Don Iohn for his brother l. 10. p. 18. angry with him for offering to steal away to the War of Malta ibid. 19. offended at his fortifying Tnnâ—s ibid. suspects him ibid. the people discourse and Judgment against the King ibid. others are for him l. 2. p. 35. the diversity of his and his Fathers Disposition l. 2. p. 38. he delayes the revocation of the Spaniards from the Low-countries l. 3. p. 50. l. 9. p. 27. his reason for it l. 9. p. 32. he recalls them l. 3. p. 52. Commands the Governesse to send assistance to the King of France l. 3. p. 55 60 61 71 72. offers Sardinia to the King of Navarre l. 3. p. 59. his Letters touching the marriage of the Queen of Scotland l. 3. p. 59. he sends from Italy Auxiliaries into France l. 3. p. 60. gives his reasons for increasing the Low-countrey Bishops l. 3. p. 71. defends Granvel ibid. his answer to the Letter signed by Count Egmont the Prince of Orange and Count Horne l. 3. p. 73. a false rumor of his being murthered l. 4. p. 77. his Commands to the Governesse concerning infamous Libels ibid. and the Cognizances given by the Lords ibid. 78. and the punishment of Hereticks l. 4. p. 84. he sends away Granvell from the Low-Countries l. 4. p. 79. goes to take possession of the Kingdome of Portugal l. 4. p. 82. seriously commends to the Governesse the Care of Religion l. 4. p. 83. instructs her how to intercept the Hereticks ibid. his bounty to English Exiles ibid. his earnestnesse in receiving the Councel of Trent l. 4. p. 85. his difference with the Pope ibid. in great indignation he recalls his Embassadour from Rome ibid. gives an account to the Low-countrey men and to the Princes of Europe of the occasion of the Conference at Bayon l. 4. p. 87. why he was not there in person ibid. 88. he consults the Divines what their opinion was touching Liberty of Conscience desired by the Low-countrey men l. 4. p. 89. his words before the Image of Christ ibid. his Instructions delivered to Count Egmont ibid. p. 90. and Alexander Farntze to be conducted into the Low-countries ibid. his Letter to the Governesse touching the Marriage of Alexander Farneze l. 4. p. 91. he enjoynes her to punish the Hereticks c. l. 4. p. 96. he receives intelligence from the Governesse of the Conspiracy of the Low-countrey Lords and of their annuall Actings l. 5. p. 102 106 113 114. is not satisfied with the Requests made by the Embassadour Mâ—ntiny ibid. unseasonably defers the grant of a Pardon to the Covenanters l. 5. p. 115. promiseth his personal presence in the Low-countries ibid. how he assented to the desires of the Governesse l. 5. p. 120. he Commands her to make preparations of Armes l. 5. p. 132. gives
Spanish triumph for immediately he took Calice which Port the Kings of England used to call The Portall of France and so long as they enjoyed it they said They wore the keyes of France at their girdle being all the remainder of their two hundred years conquest that was kept by the Englishmen upon the continent of France which Kingdome in a few dayes they were forced to restore to its ancient bounds retiring to their own within the Sea But shortly after the Die of War ran on the Spanish side For King Philip perceiving the French Army to be divided proud of their number and success having in hope devoured all the Low-Countreys he himself divided his own forces part he sent against Paulus Termus burning and spoyling the Sea-coast of Flanders under the Command of Lamorall Count Egmont the gallantest of all the Low-countrey-men who was Generall of his Horse at the battel of S. Quintin and a great cause of the victory The other part of his Army he sent into Savoy to attend the motion of the Duke of Guise Count Egmont fighting a battel before Graveling a port of Flanders with great valour and fortune won the day For whilest the old souldiers of both Armies fought doubtfully for sometime on a sudden the French gave ground and lost the battel for ten English ships as they sailed by seeing the fight struck into the mouth of the river of Hay and with their Cannon so galled the French on that side where they held themselves to be impregnable coming upon them with such an unexspected and therefore a more dreadfull storm from sea that the Foot being disordered their fear was infused into the Horse so as their Army being routed there scarce remained one of the whole number to carry home news of the overthrow For part were sâ—ain in the fight the Duke and his great Officers taken prisoners the rest were either knocked down as they swam by the English besides two hundred taken alive and presented to the Queen for witnesses of their service at the battel or by the Boors in revenge of the plundering and firing of their houses killed without mercy To their misfortune was added that the reliques of the Army scattered in places they knew not about Flanders had their brains beaten out by the women that came upon them with clubs and spits and which is a more dangerous weapon armed with the furie of their sex some almost railing them to death others pricking their bodkins into them with exquisite barbarity pulled them to pieces with their nayls as the Bacchanals tore Orpheus Thus Henry of France loosing two battels in one year seeing his old souldiers slain and which is of fadder consequence the noblest of his subjects taken prisoners which are the strength of the French Militia He willingly embraced that peace which so long as fortune smiled upon him he had sleighted And King Philip moved by the accession of Calice to the Kingdome of France and his experience of the War had the like inclination to Peace Just as we see after the clouds have fought and are broken the Sun breaks forth nor ever shines a greater hope of Peace then when a War is seriously prosecuted fury being as it were glutted and weary with the slaughter The honour of this Peace was attributed to Christiern Dutchess of Lorain mediating between the two Kings as cosen-germane to King Philip and by late affinity gracious with King Henry Nor is it unusuall to employ that Sex in such transactions for it is held a point of Civility to yield to their solicitation The news of this Peace which after long dispute opened it self with the Spring in the city of Cambray was received with so great a joy of the Christian world weary of the tedious War that higher expression of contented minds are scarce recorded in the memory of man They that compared this peace with that concluded between the fathers of these Kings above thirty years before mediated likewise by Princesses and concluded where this was in the Town of Cambray a place destinated as it seems for peacemaking shall find then no common joy because divers Princes were not parties to the League and the warr in Italy still continued Whereas all the Princes of Europe being equally comprehended in this Peace an equall joy spread it self through all nations filling every mind with great hope of long friendship between the Kings which afterward fell out accordingly A Marriage was likewise made the better to confirm the Peace which notwithstanding continues among Princes no longer then ambition suffers it to which for the most part Kings are more truly married King Philip Mary Queen of England being dead the year before was offered a wife that had been promised to his son Charles Prince of Spain Isabella King Henries daughter eleven years of age who because she was born when the peace was begun with England and married to make a peace with Spain they called the Princess Peace In like manner Emman Philibert married King Henries sister Margaret and had in portion with her all those towns beyond and on this side the Alps which France the first and Henry himself had taken from him But never did France celebrate so joyfull a Wedding with so sad a close Among other preparations there a Tournament that is fearfull pleasure and an honourable danger wherein one cannot think them to be in jest that fight nor to fight when they see all intended but for sport It is an exercise the French exceedingly affect and they account it noble as being a bold and warlike nation The Lists now set up and scaffolded like a stage were filled with the best Tilters in Christendome for France challenged Europe at the breaking of a spear The two first dayes the King himself ran and had the Victory but when he came the third time in all his glory into the Lists against the advice of the Lords encountring the Captain of his Guard before his Bever was down a splinter of his Launce flying in his face struck out his right eye and shooting into his brain the Queen and Queen-mother with the Kings children beholding those unfortunate Revells he presently fell in a swound and being caught in mens arms the whole stage running bloud which but now rung with joyfull acclamations and applauses suddenly turned into mournings and lamentations The fifth day after this Prince no less valiant then religious and every way worthy a better fate departed his life And before the eyes of an infinite multitude which it seems he had proudly invited to his own funerals he acted to the life without scene or fable the Tragedy of mortall happiness They say one that cast his nativity as these kind of Predictions are commonly produced after the event foretold this very accident For Queen Katharine of Medices desirous to know the fate of her children of
against the Enemies or at home in private Tiltings and for shooting in a piece at marks an art of great account with that People second to none Besides he had a naturall affability and which is rare a Popularity consistent with Nobility But he was particularly famous for the late victory at S. Quintins a great part whereof the King acknowledged himself engaged for to Count Egmont and for a later day at Gravelin since when the Low-Countrey-men had not wiped the enemies bloud off their swords In which expedition asmuch as he transcended the other Lords that had command in the Army especially the Spaniards so much with all forreiners but them he gained glory to his Nation and to himself the favour of others by his own to them So that if a Governour for the Low-Countreys might have been voted by the souldiers love and the peoples consent no man should have been preferred before Count Egmont But on a deeper sea and with a more popular wind sailed the Prince of Orange The greatness of the House of Nassau equall fortunes the principality of Orange subject to none besides his other large possessions both in Germany and the Low-countreys and his powerfull alliance to most of the great families of the North his mother Iuliana being a woman of a miraculous fecundity for of her children whereof the greatest part were daughters she lived to see one hundred and fifty that asked her blessing Add to this his own merit his dexterity of wit and staiedness of judgement far riper then his years and his abilities both as an Ambassadour and a General Then the great opinion the Emperour Charles the fifth had of him who employed him in his weightiest affairs Upon these and such like considerations how could the Prince of Orange go less in his hopes then to be Governour of the Low-countreys a place which his cousen Engelbert Count of Nassau enjoyed about an hundred years before Yet doubting the Kings inclination he had divided his suit that if he himself should meet a repulse yet Christiern Dutchess of Lorain might prevail whose daughter he hoped to marry intending for that was his drift that his mother in law should have the Title but he himself the Power And indeed the Dutchess of Lorain was every way capable of the place as being daughter to Isabella sister to Charles the fifth and having merited the favour of her cousen-german the King by the Peace which she lately had concluded with the French upon conditions more advantagious to the Spaniard for which she was much honoured by the Low-countrey-men But whilest on such kind of considerations mens hopes and discourses were protracted and suspended behold upon the sudden came news That Margaret of Austria Dutchess of Parma was sent for out of Italy to govern the Low-countreys Which though it happened unexspectedly yet could be no wonder to such as rightly judged For on the one part it was in reason to be thought the King at that time would not easily trust the government of the Low-countreys in the hand of a Low-countrey-man Such as looked into it might see cause sufficient Particularly Count Egmont had a bar by the unhappy memory of Charles Egmont Duke of Gelder who being of the French faction and a professed enemie to the House of Austria Charles the fifth confiscated his Estate and forced his heir to render Gelderland and Zutfen And divers reports going of the Prince of Orange's Religion in which kind a suspicion onely was enough to quash his sute the King would be sure never to commit the Low-countreys to the faith of one gracious and powerfull with the Germane Hereticks both as a neighbour and a kinsman which might open them a pass into the seventeen Provinces Nay even to the Dutchess of Lorain the rumour of a Treaty of marriage betwixt her Daughter and the Prince of Orange was very disadvantagious in her pretension to the government though it made more against her that she had married her sonne Charles Duke of Lorain to the daughter of Henry King of France For they say Bishop Granvel advised the King to look to it lest if she were Governess the French coming in mixt with the Lorainers might pester the Low-countreys Perhaps he himself being a Burgundian gave his Majestie this counsel for fear the Burgundians should be subject to the Lorainers their ancient enemies Or rather finding the King inclined to the Dutchess of Parma he endeavoured to express his zeal in preferring her and so to predeserve her favour But to choose her there was a concurrence of many reasons Before I Particularize them let me speak a little of the Dutchess her self and give you an account of her birth and education together with her deportment before she came to govern the Low-countreys Since the best Historians use not onely to describe the Actions but likewise the Fame of Persons and are tied by the rules of History not to omit the Characters of their Lives and Manners Margaret eldest child to Charles the fifth born four years before he was married had a mother of the same name Margaret Vangest as long after it came to light daughter to Iohn Vangest and Mary Cocquamb of Aldenard persons of good quality in Flanders Both which dying of the sickness left Margaret then but five years old to her fathers dear friend Anthony Lalin Count Hochstrat who with his wife Elizabeth Culemberg bred her as their onely child When she was grown a woman not onely as a great Beauty but as one that consecrated her beauty with modestie she was pretended to by many noble Suiters But she dashed all their hopes with the rub of chastity intending within a few dayes to be a Nun. In the mean time being invited to a Wedding and dancing there among other young Ladies of her qualitie she found by too late experience that such as expose their beautie set to sale their chastity especially if a great Chapman be at hand For the Emperour Charles the fifth in his passage by Aldenard honouring this wedding with his presence Margaret that came along with the Countess of Hochstrat surpassing all the other Ladies in his eye was highly commended by his Imperial Majestie who while he commended seemed to long for her Insomuch as one of his followers of that ging of Courtiers that have no way to merit their Princes favour but by slavish arts catched her up in the dark and brought her to the Bed-chamber By her the Emperour had this Margaret we write of The Business was many years concealed by Cesars command especially because the same Courtier accidently had told him that he took a great deal of pains to perswade the Virgin but could not get her for his Imperial Majesty without force and threatning At which the Emperour was so moved that giving the man a sound check for it he vowed if he had known as much before
he would never have touched the maid and therefore commanded her delivery should be kept private as well to preserve the Mothers honour as his own For the Emperour was not prodigall of his fame in this kind nor with pomp and ceremony brought his by-blows on the stage But the secret lay not long in the Embers being gossiped out by a woman employed as a necessary instrument in such cases She imparted it to her husband he with the same secresie told it to a friend of his for every one hath some he trusts as much as others can trust him just like the rain on the house top which falling from one tile to another and so from gutter to gutter at last is spouted into the high way For when many are of counsel in a business what was every ones secret becomes a rumour to the people Nor did the Mother think it amiss after she was known to have a child that the father of it should be likewise known as if her fault should be lessened by the greatness of his name And shortly the child appeared to be of the House of Austria by her Princely education The Low-Countreys were then governed for Charles the fifth by his Aunt Margaret Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian the first and Mary Dutchess of Burgundy The Emperour bred the Infant in the Court of his Aunt under whom he himself in his infancy had been educated Till she was eight years old the child was fostered in the bosome of that Princess After whose decease she was sent to Mary Queen of Hungary sister to Charles the fifth who being left a widow by King Lewis had the government given to her And her neece Margaret grew so like her not onely in her private and publick virtues but by observant imitation the child had the happiness to get her very sense and propensions her gravity and meen The Governess was much delighted in the sport of Hunting whereupon they commonly called her the Forestress as the true Neece to Mary Dutchess of Burgundy that constantly followed the Chase till by a fall from her horse she got her death This Fate appears not onely to be her own but to relate to Maximilian whose other wife Blanca Sforza while she was hunting was likewise thrown from her horse and killed The Dutchess of Parma was so taken with this sport and had so hardened her body with exercise that she fearless galloped after her Aunt over the lawns and through the woods before she was ten years of age As she grew in years she grew to exceed her Mistress in horsemanship she was then betroathed the second time to Alexander Medices of Florence she and her first husband Hercules Prince of Ferrara having never bedded For the Emperour that he might win Alphonso father to Hercules from the French from whom he was offered great conditions by Pope Clement the seventh Courted him upon the self same terms confirming him in the Principality of Mutina and Regio and espousing his Daughter Margaret then hardly four years old to Alphonso's eldest sonne Hercules By these espousals the Emperour gained Alphonso as the necessity of his affairs required But a while after he being drawn again to side with the French and his Sonne Hercules married to Renata Daughter to Lewis King of France The Pope upon his reconcilement with the Emperour among other articles of Peace agreed that Alexander Medices son to that Laurence whom Leo the tenth deposing Feltrio had created Duke of Florence should be settled by the Imperiall Army in the Florentine Principality and that to confirm him therein the Emperour should bestow upon him his Daughter Margaret in marriage Which conditions Cesar willingly signed partly out of respect to his Holyness whose injury he seemed to cancell by this benefit partly in hatred to the Florentines that entering into the Lotrechian association against the Emperour had put their City under the French Kings protection Alexander was forthwith possessed of Florence and the Florentines dispossessed of their liberty But the marriage was not compleated till seven years after Pope Clement being then deceased Nay the match by occasion of the Popes death came into a possibility of breaking upon the solicitation of some great men in Florence who by that seven years protraction imagining the Emperour wavered in his resolution treated with him on great hopes and promises not to admit of Alexander for his son in law but to restore the City to its freedome which they would onely hold of the Emperour But Cesar having past his promise to the Pope in his life time thought himself bound in point of honour to make it good after the Popes decease Especially because he suspected that the Florentines leaned towards the French Nor was he ignorant that a benefit more easily obliges particulars then a multitude and that favours scattered in publick are received by all returned by none The Emperour therefore sending for Alexander from Florence to attend him at Naples and to the Low-Countreys for Margaret who longed to see her Father returned from the Warre of Tunis at a Convention of the Estates and a great concourse of strangers the marriage was celebrated with military Revells wherein the Emperour himself ran a Tilt habited like a Tauny-moor But Margaret being received at Florence as their Dutchess and the Nuptiall solemnities iterated there a great part of the body of the sunne was darkened at the Feast and terrified the Guests Many held it to be ominous who looking with discontented eyes upon the present state and making the heavens speak according to their wishes compared the Dukes fortune to the sunnes splendour suddenly eclipsed Nor did their conjecture fail them for Alexander by the Emperours affinity grown proud and therefore careless fell intemperately to love women and so impolitickly that being secure from forrein force he was with the bait that pleased him easily intrapped by his kinsman Lorenzo Medices of Counsell with him in his pleasures and in hope or under pretence of restoring Florence to her liberty in the seventh year of his Principality before he had been a full year married he was slain His successour Cosmo for the Duke died but not the Dukedome in the first place humbly addressed himself to the Emperour for his consent that he might marry his daughter Princess Margaret thinking it would be a great support to his new and shaking power But Cesar resolved to make his best advantage of his daughters marriage having already obliged the house of Medices by establishing that family in the Dukedome of Florence and having likewise laid an obligation upon Cosmo himself by confirming though many opposed it the Principality upon him sought a son in law among the Farnezes then Princes and gave his daughter Margaret in marriage to Octavio nephew to Pope Paul the third and at that time created Prefect of
Rome in place of the Duke of Urbin deceased and presently after made Duke of Camertio To this end the Emperour Charles the fifth and King Francis had an enterview at Nice endeavoured by Pope Paul who came thither in person hoping by some means or other to compose the difference For as both these Princes studied to make the Pope who being powerfull in long hoorded wealth and wisdome no doubt but his inclining to either side would turn the scales so the Pope vigilant for his own advantage took this opportunity to treat with the Emperour of a marriage for his Nephew especially since the news of Solimans fleet growing dayly more terrible it concerned them both to confirm the Peace made between them and the state of Venice by an intermarriage in their families The Emperour was so willing to comply with the Pope That he not onely preferred his Nephew before the Duke of Florence who then by his Ambassadour renued his former suit and before other Princes which had the like ambition but instantly making up the match between his Daughter and Octavio he put them together though the Bride had little joy of the wedding despising her husbands unripe years Therefore jestingly she called it her Fate to be married but not matched for when she was a Gyrl of twelve she must then have a man of seven and twenty and now she was a woman a Boy of thirteen For some years after this marriage she had an aversion from her husband not so much in contempt of his years as by reason of ill offices done by a Courtier who having been her old servant bare a great sway with her and hating the Farnezes with more then his own spleen sometimes commending her first husband Alexander sometimes aggravating the Popes injuries to her father nourished domestick discord till at length he being removed and Octavio attending the Emperour in his Warres the mind of the Dutchess began to change For when the Emperour was to go for Africa from Lucca whither the Pope came to conferre with his Imperiall Majesty and had brought along Octavio and Margaret though Paul the third utterly disliked the voyage to Argeirs yet he ventured his Nephew Octavio commending him to Cesars fortune and designing in that one act to give Hostage to the Emperour and bring his daughter into a longing for her absent husband And indeed after the misfortune of the Warre wherein the Emperour was rather worsted by the Sea then by the Moors the news of Cesars overthrow was divulged in all places And because no man could tell what was become of him and the Reliques of his scattered fleet it was constantly believed at Rome that the Emperour was cast away some reported they saw the ship wherein Octavio was abroad eaten up by the Sea which was the rather believed because when the Emperours escape was known Octavio was not mentioned This first moved the Dutchess her love growing out of pity as if the youth flying from his wives frowns had run upon his Fate in the prime of his years and fortunes But when the news came that he was living and with his Father in law onely that he lay desperately sick hope and fear joyned to bring her love and pitie to perfection till two years after in all which time he still kept the field and was never out of the Emperours eye at his return to Rome aswell his long stay from her as his long service to her Father speaking in his behalf it is hardly credible with what longing and affection his wife received and honoured him Not long after she having the rare happiness to be brought a bed of two sonnes at a birth by how much it joyed her especially they comming at the same time to the Principality of Parma and Placentia by so much her love to her husband increased Onely as she was violently ambitious to command in chief and therefore hardly brooked a power divided with her husband so when discords sprang between them she would not easily be reconciled The truth is her spirit was not onely great beyond her sex but she went so habited and had such a garb as if she were not a woman with a masculine spirit but a man in womans clothes Her strength was such as she used to hunt the stagg and change horses upon the field which is more then many able bodied men can do Nay upon her chin and upper lip she had a little kind of beard which gave her not more of the resemblance then authority of a man And which seldome happens in her sex and never but to very strong women she was troubled with the Gout She had a present wit and in action could steer to all sides with wonderfull dexterity as having been of a child bred up in the Belgick Court and instructed in her youth by the adverse fortune of the Medices in her riper years accomplished and made absolute by the discipline of Farnezes Palace and the old learning of Pope Paul the third Then for piety she had a great master indeed Ignatius Loyola Founder of the Society of Iesus to whom she confessed her sinnes and that oftner then was the custome of those times By this man she was taught a singular reverence and devotion towards the Eucharist proper to the House of Austria Whereupon one every year in Passion week she washed the feet of twelve poor maids which she commanded should not be washed before she came Then feasting them waited herself at table and sent them away new clothed and full of gold Upon the other more chearfull solemnitie of Corpus Christi day she gave very noble portions to poor Virgins and married them to good Husbands Both these feasts she kept during her life With this breeding and these parts the Dutchess so won upon the King her Brother that he committed the Low-countreys to her knowing her to be a woman of great courage and excellently versed in the art of Government Besides his Fathers commands were yet fresh in his memory who loved her dearly and on his death-bed earnestly recommended her to the King It seems he thought this honour would answer the Fathers wishes and the Daughters merit Withall he hoped the Low-countreymen for the reverence they bare to the name of Charles the fifth would chearfully obey his Daughter born among them and bred up to their fashions and that her Countrey-men would therefore the better digest her Government because subjected people think themselves partly free if governed by a Native Perhaps the King was content in favour of the Low-countreymen to let them be governed by a Woman hoping the Innovations he had designed would please coming from a Lady like an incision that pains the less when made by a soft hand But besides these reasons given out in publick there was other private cause Octavio Farneze Duke of Parma and Piacenza had
of Portugall by his Mothers side being Sonn to Isabella and therefore Nephew to Emmanuel but he himself almost twenty years before married into this Family to Mary Daughter to Iohn the third and Niece to Emmanuel It was therefore thought an high honour to the Farneze's that one of King Emmanuels Nieces should be married to King Philip and the other to Alexander Prince of Parma Especially because She and King Philip were Brothers and Sisters children and Mary of Portugal was in the same degree of bloud both to King Philip and his Queen besides by her Mother she was of the noble familiy of the Briganzes which had often match'd with the Bloud-royall of Portugal and kept a House like a Kings Court But Prince Alexander was farre more in love with the Beautie and Virtue of the Ladie then with the Merits of all her Ancestours The fame of this Princely Virgin was spread through Spain and most deservingly for she had such an understanding that it was reported there was nothing she did not comprehend She spake Latine fluently and very well She was a pretty good Grecian not ignorant of Philosophy and excellent in the Mathematicks So versed in Scripture that she could readily turn to any Text in the Old or New Testament But above all she was admired for innocency and holiness of life Nothing pleased her so much in her hours of retirement as the contemplation of things Divine And in her familiar discourse she often quoted short Maxims out of the Bible or the Fathers wherewith in the day time while she was at work she sweetly offered up her heart to God Indeed she never put her hand to sowing either needle-work or imbroyderie but onely to adorn the Altar and for the use of the poor that she might in both adorn and cover Christ himself Touching her modesty she was not onely carefull but proud of it and said Though women were to conceal their other virtues yet they might glory in their Chastity Therefore she forbare all publick Shews and Entertainments as often as her Parents and the King her Uncle would dispense with her absence And in readding of the Poets though she was very much taken with their wit yet she looked upon them with great fear lest she might encounter any amorous passages and once when she had took up Francesco Petrarch and had run over a few of his Verses she threw him out of her hands For the same reason she could not be induced to let any Courtier lead her or to lean upon their arms or shoulders the common garb of great Ladies either out of pride or to be the better supported going in high Chopines These and many other virtues commended the Match with Mary Princess of Portugal The Governess therefore loosing no time after her Sonn Alexanders coming sent the Royall Fleet well manned to sea and made Peter Ernest Count Mansfeldt a great Commander Admirall sending with a noble train of Lords and Ladies onely the Count himself with his Lady Mary of Momorancy sister to Count Horn and his sonn Charles Mansfeld Weighing Anchors from Vlushen in August about the beginning of September he arrived at Lisbon and not long after the Bride attended by many of the Portugall Nobility went aboard but would not suffer them to hoyst sail till she had sent for the Portugeses a shipboard and desired a Priest of the Societie who used to preach to her and to hear her Confession that he would arm her and the company with some Exhortations as an Antidote to preserve them from Heresie that had poisoned the Low-countreys whither they were bound Which being accordingly performed by that eloquent and religious man with a fair gale of wind they failed out of the Port. But when they were upon the main the billows on a sudden growing angry swelled they knew not why and the storm increasing the other ships being scattered onely one fell foul upon the Admirall that carried Princess Mary and having sprung many leaks the poor ship was left a miserable spectacle the sea almost devouring her in their sight and within hearing But Princess Mary moved with the piteous cries and lifted-up-hands of the wretched drowning people pâ—esently called the Admirall Count Mansfield and prayed him to vere to them and take in as many men and women as he could possibly before the Vessel sunk and 〈◊〉 many Christians should be cast away whilest she looked on The Aâ—mirall told her it could not be done without endangering her Highness and the whole ship The Marriners affirmed the same particularly the Master an excellent Pilot but unskilfull in that Art of Navigation which is directed by Divine hope Then said the Princess But I mark what my mind presages do hope in God if we do our best to help them that he will so graciously accept our endeavours as it will please him of his Goodness to help us all And this she spake with such a sense of Piety and so sweet a look that the Admirall durst not oppose her but gave order for the ship to succour them which struggling and crowding through the furious waves at last came near them and putting out her long Boat opportunely saved them all but the ship it self out of which they escaped having obeyed the Princesses command a little while after sunk before their faces onely one man being lost in her Nay the very hour that Princess Mary by Divine inspiration said her mind presaged they should do well the rage of the winds abaited and the scattered Fleet came together again Though within a few dayes a new storm rising drave them upon the unhappy Coast of Britain and forced them to put in at an English Harbour Where whilst they lay for a wind Count Mansfoldt thought it a fitting Civility to send some Noble person to present her service to the Queen of England in whose Dominions they remained But Princess Mary would not she said hold any correspondence with the Enemies of the Church And though others pressed her to it very much affirming that she might safely upon such an occasion interchange common courtesies she was constant to her first resolve adding that it was safest for her self and best for the example of others Yet beyond all exspectation at the same time she courted a noble hereticall Lady that came among a multitude of the English to see the fleet For Princesse Mary casting an eye upon her and two fine boyes her sonnes which she brought with her entertained her in a very friendly manner and finding by her discourse that she was the Mother of many more children she importuned the Lady to bestow these two upon her promising that she her self would be such a Mother to them as it should not repent her of the change This she did because as she her self professed she was not able to suffer such a pair of young Innocents that looked like Angels being
footman strucke off his head Presently after Count Horne with the same constancy was by the same Executioner beheaded both their heads being for two houres set upon two speares for the City to behold Their Bodyes were immediately carryed into the next Churches and the day after together with their Heads sent to the chiefe Cityes of their owne Provinces and there honourably buryed The miserable Death of Count Egmont for he was generally beloued was lamented by the Low-countrymen with greater Spleene then Sorrow Some whereof despising danger dipt their handkerchers in his bloud and kept them either as Monuments of Love or Incitements to Revenge Others kissed his leaden Coffin and without any feare of an Informer publiquely threatened Vengeance Insomuch as diverse Person noting the Low-countrymen's Violent affections to his Memory and their detestation of the very name of Alva said that by Egmonts death the Confederates were first established and foretold that all the Lowcountreys would in a short time contrary to the Duke's Expectation be involued in Tumults This Prediction gave credit to the report that presently after it rained bloud in the Fields about Lovain the Multitude easily believing what their Hatred supposes to be done in Heaven And indeed there are that doubt not but it would have beene more policy in the Duke to have made their Execution private and not presented that distastfull Scene and Pompe of Egmont's Tragedy to the people For they doe ill that make the Favourers and Pittyers of the Cause Spectators of the Punishsment But Alva resolving to make an Example of Terrour which hee then thought necessary slighted Hate or Envy It is reported the French Embassadour who privatly beheld the Execution wrote to King Charles that he had seene in the Market-place at Bruxells his head struck off whose Valour had twice made France tremble intimating the losse of the French Nobility at Saint Quintin and Graueling the first of which Battailes was almost the second altogether purchased by the Courage and conduct of Count Egmont He dyed in the fortie sixth yeare of his age leaving by Sabina of Bavier to whom he was married at Spires in presence of the Emperour Charles the fifth eight Daughters and three Sons the eldest inheriting his Fathers Vertues the second nothing but his Hatred to the Spaniard the third who was faithfull to the King only left Issue to the Family He had a Brother that followed the Emperour Charles into Africa and dyed in Italy a Sister marryed to Count Vadamont Mother to Frances Wife to Henry the third of France The Nobility of his House was antient their Power much greater once when the Dukes of Egmont were Lords of Gelderlandt He tooke his name from Egmond a Towne in the farthest part of Holland neare the westerne Shore of which he still wrote himselfe Count though he was Prince of Gavera a Towne upon the banke of Schelt not farre from Gant Charles the fifth created him knight of the Golden-Fleece King Philip trusted him with the Governement of the most noble Provinces of Flanders and Artois He was a man for the Heroicall Vertues of his mind and body worthy a farre better Fate though the very infelicity of his Death as Compassion looks upon all things through a multiplying Glasse did not a Little increase the opinion of his Vertues Nor was it any disadvantage to his Children restored by King Philip to all their Father 's personall and reall Estate But Philip Count of Horne who was likewise Knight of the Golden-Fleece dyed foure yeares elder then Count Egmont his Brother the Lord Montiny being for the same Cause condemned and beheaded in Spaine whither he was by the Governesse sent Embassadour with the Marquesse of Bergen Nor was Count Horne of a lesse noble family then Count Egmont being descended of the French Momorancyes and had courage equall to his Honour as appeared at the Battaile at Saint Quintin and in the magnificent discharge of two great offices of Admirall and Captaine of the life Guard Hee first tryled a Pike under the Emperour Charles the Fifth to whom he was a Subject for Horne an Imperiall Castle betweene Gelderland and Brabant whence he had his Title of Count though he was possessed of many other Townes and Castles within the Kings Dominions Indeed his death could not have beene moderately lamented but that Egmont had consumed all men's Teares After this the Duke of Alva resolved to move speedily to Friezland sending before with part of his Forces Chiapino Vitelli his Campe-Master-Generall who entring the Groine Valiantly defended that Towne against Lewis of Nassau that sate downe before it Then the Duke in person having payed a Souldiers Duty to Count Aremberg and with the sad Military Ceremonies waited on him to his Grave went about the end of Iune from Bruxells to Antwerp leaving Gabriel Serbellonio there in Garrison with eight Companyes of Germans for defence of the Fort and Towne At the Bus he stayed till Cressonerius came up with seaenteene Field-pieces marching thence in the beginning of Iuly he passed the Mose at Grave from thence he went to Arnhem in Gelderland and so to Daventry in Over-Ysell where he rested a while till his Scouts should bring word if the Bridges wer strong enough to beare the weight of his Cannon they had not rid farre but hearing Drummes beate a pretty way off and presently discovering foure Ensignes they galloped back to the Duke and told him the Enemy was coming hard at hand though he could not well believe it yet because his Scouts of several Nations brought the same Intelligence he forthwith commanded his Colonells and Feild Officers to set his men in Battalia and sent out others to discover the Enemyes nearer Aproaches and their number These were no sooner in the Field but they saw foure gallant Banners displayed and as many Waggons covered with Canvasse and greene Boughes in which a Bride marryed that morning who dreamed not of a warre was riding towards the next Village with a great sort of countrey fellowes leaping and playing about her When this Newes was brought to the Army they made not better Sport at the Folly of the Scouts then they did at the simplicity of the Country people when an Army was so neare them and all that suddaine preparation for a Warre being changed into Mirth they entertained the Bride in her passage with a Volly of Musket-Shot The memory of this Accident is still fresh in the mouthes of the Wallons who ever when they send out their Scouts if they shew any Feare in their Returne aske them in a military Ieere if they have seene the Bride But the Duke of Alva angry at this delay and sharply rebuking them that were the Causes entred the Groin on the fifteenth of Iuly about Noon-day and at that very houre without alighting or changing of his Horse he himselfe attended with a few others rode
his Fashion and Example So as the wearing of long haire esteemed so much for many Ages in one man's Imitation was by all left off And also first Don Iohn because the haire on the left side of his temples grew upright used with his hand to put away all the haire from his fore-head and because that baring of the Fore-head looked handsome in him thence came the Fashion of combing and keeping the haire up in somuch as that kind of Foretop is in some places called an Austrian Finally in the last Scene of his life Don Iohn himselfe wished to be like his Father and as He resigning his Kindomes hid himselfe in solitude among the Hieronymites at Saint Iustus so Don Iohn a few months before his death would have done among the Hermits of Mount Serrat in Spaine for ever after to serve God who as he said would and could do more then his Brother Philip. Which Determination whether it was the issue of Piety or of the improsperous Successe of his Affaires I cannot easily distinguish Nor must omit that wherein Don Iohn of Austria farr exceeded his Father Charles the fifth the Purity of Mind which his Governesse the Lady Vlloa had so inamoured him of from his Infancy that all his Life long he persevered in it and could not rest quiet if never so little a Sinne lay upon his Conscience Therefore twice every Month which was his constant course he came to Confession his Soule being a true Prince that could not brooke the basest Servitude Nay he never undertooke any Expedition or fought battaile but first by an exact Confession of his Sinnes he implored God's Mercy Which Care of himselfe in a Prince tempted to greatest license by his age handsomenesse and Place of Generall I suppose will be so much the more esteemed by how much this Piety is rarâ—r amongst Souldiers and by how much a Circumspection of this nature uses not to be alone nor unattended by a traine of many Vertues Moreover if one should adde this to his military Praises and diversity of Warres that before he had beene trained a Souldier he commanded as a Generall and to the Immensenesse of his Courage that he was never daunted by any Enemy either greater in number or reported by Force to be invincible and to his Felicity in all battailes that he came off perpetually a Conquerour at least never conquered truly wee may justly number Don Iohn among the most valiant and fortunate Generalls that ever were The day after his Death the Colonells of severall Nations contended which of them in the funerall Pompe should have precedence as Bearers of the Corps The Spaniards pretended because they were the Kings Countreymen The Germans because Don Iohn was their Countreyman The Low-countreymen disputed the Prerogatiue of the Place But the Prince of Parma instantly decided the Controversy in this manner That his maeniall Servants should carry the Body out of the Court where it should be received by the Colonells of that Nation whose Quarters in the Field used to be next the Generalls they were to deliver it to others and those againe to others that quarter'd farther off In this Order the Horse and Foote marching on either side the Corps in compleat Armour was carryed from the Campe at Buge to Namure with a Crowne upon his Head according to the funerall Ceremonies of the ancient Princes of the House of Burgundy Though others because diverse Irish Lords with the Popes Consent had offered him the Kingdome of Ireland which he would not accept till he knew whether it would be approved of by King Philip imagined out of that respect this Marke of a King was given to his Modesty His bed was stiâ—l supported by Colonells and Captaines of that Nation whose Horse followed the Corps fresh men still easing the wearyed of their burthen till it came to the Magistrate of Namure Foure Mourners attended the body Peter Ernest Count Mansfeldt Campe. Master Octavio Gonzaga Generall of the Horse Pedro de Toledo Marquesse of Villa-Francha and Iohn Croi Count of Reuse this a principall Commander among the Low-countreymen he among the Spaniards each of them holding in their hands a corner of the Herse-Cloth A Regiment of Foote as the custome is went before with their Pikes and Muskets reversed coloâ—rs furled and all the other Complements of Sorrow Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma followed in close Mourning with a heart sadder then his Robes excepting only so farre as the care of the distressed Army delivered to him diverted the current of his Griefe The funerall State ending in the great Church at Namure and Don Iohn's bowells being there buryed Prince Alexander laid his Vncles body in a temporary Tombe expecting what Commands the King would send from Spaine For at his Death Don Iohn desired three things might in his name be moved to his Majesty That he would command his body to be buryed in in the Sepulchre of Charles the fifth That his Mother and brother by her might be received into his Royall Protection And that he would remunerate the Service of his Followes whom he had long sustained with hope with some reall Bounty he himselfe having not had wherewith to pay them He made no Mention at all which is wonderfull of his Daughters For Don Iohn had two Daughters Anne and Ioane this at Naples by Diana Phalanga a Surrentine Lady that at Madrid by Maria Mendona a Maide of an illustrious Family and Beauty Anne was privately bred by Magdalena Vlloa Don Iohn's owne Foster-Mother and went from thence after she was seven years old to a Nunnery of holy Virgins at Madrigall Ioane for allmost as long a time was educated by the Dutchesse of Parma Sister to Don Iohn after whose death she sent her to be bred up in a Monastery of the Order of Saint Clare at Naples But She by Command from the King was translated from Madrigall to Burgo's a House of Benedictin Nunnes whose perpetuall Abbesse she was chosen This after she had lived twentie yeares in the Cloister at Naples was at last married into Sicilie to Prince Butero Both these Ladyes in one yeare in one Month only not upon one day deceased But I believe Don Iohn among those Particulars which at his death he commended to the King said nothing of his Daughters because he thought the King knew not of them for they were so privately and cautiously brought up that Alexander Farneze to whom he imparted all his other Secrets knew not of one of these The other had long since beene discovered to him not by Don Iohn but by his owne Mother Margaret of Austria which was the Cause that when Don Iohn lay upon death-bed Prince Alexander durst not desire him to commend that Daughter to the King lest he might put him to the Blush or seeme willing by such Commendations to free his
4. p. 94. her Nuptials Celebrated at Bruxells and Parma ibid. l. 9. p. 44. she passeth from the Low-Countreys into Italy l. 4. p. 94. is met upon the way with Royal Pomp ibid. 95. she Reforms Parma ib. her pious Invention to obtain Sons from God ibid. P. Alex. veneration towards her ibid. the education of her sons ibid. 't is desired that she might govern the Low-countries l. 7. p. p. 69. her patience on her death-bed l. 4. p. 95. The King Condoles her death l. 9. p. 47. the daily exercises of her life written by her self l. 4. p. 95. Mary Mendoza l. 10. p. 23. Mary Momorancy wife to Count Mansfeldt l. 6. p. 12. sayles for Portugall to attend Princesse Mary into the Low-Countries l 4. p. 92. her suit for the life of her brother Count Horne l. 7. p. 49. Mary Stuart Queen of Scots wife to Francis the second of France l. 3. p. 56. a report that she is to be married to the Emperours son to the Prince of Spain and to the King of Navarre l. 3. p. 59. King Philip supplyes her with money l. 5 p. 104. the Pope and the King of Spain joyn in a designe to free her from imprisonment l. 8. p. 16. Marius Carafa Bishop of Naples in suit with the Vice-Roy Granvell l. 4. p. 82. Marius Carduin l. 6. p. 3. Marnixius vide Iohn Philip. Marot vide Clement Marquet the Monastery plundered l. 5. p 122. Marriage of Albret of Austria and Clara Isabella Eugenia l. 5. p. 132. of Alexander Farneze and Princesse Mary of Portugal l. 4. p. 92. l. 9. p. 44. of Alexander Medices and Margaret of Austria l. 1. p. 21. of Charles the Dolphin and Margaret of Austria daughter to the Arck-Duke Maximilian l. 1. p. 15. of Charles Emmanuel Duke of Savoy and Katherine of Austria l. 4. p 82 83. l. 6. p. 35. of Charles the ninth of France and Elizabeth daughter to the Emperour Maximilian l. 4. p. 88. of Charles Duke of Lorain and Claude daughter to King Henry of Feance l. 1. p. 20. of Emmanuel Duke of Savoy and Margaret sister to Henry the second l. 1. p. 13. of Francis the second of France and Mary Steuart l. 3. p. 56. of Henry of Nassau and Claudia Chalon l. 2. p. 43. of Henry King of Navarre and Margaret sister to Charles the ninth l. 7. p. 76. of Lodowick King of Hungary and Mary sister to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 14. 21. of Maximilian Ark-Duke of Austria Mary daughter to Charles Duke of Burgundy l. 1. p. 15. of Octavio Farneze Margaret of Austria l. 1. p. 21 22. of the Prince of Orange and Anne Egmont l. 3. p. 53. and Anne Princesse of Saxony ibid. and Charlotte Bourbon l. 3. p. 54. of Philip the second of Spain and Mary daughter to Iohn King of Portugal l. 4. p. 92. and Mary Queen of England l. 1. p. 3 14. l. 3. p. 71. and Isabella daughter to Henry the second l. 1. p. 12 13. and Anne of Austria daughter to the Emperour Maximilian l. 7. p. 68. Martinengho vide Curtius Sarra Martin Ayala recovers Maestricht l. 8. p. 21. Martin Luther whence he took his beginning to stir up difference in Religion l. 2. p. 33. Edicts against him and Hereticks l. 2. p. 34. how he brought his Heresie into France l. 3. p. 56. vide Heresie and Lutherans Martin Aspilcueta Doctor of Navarre the Casuist what his opinion was in the Case of Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 44. Martin Prutius one of the Covenanters l. 7. p. 80. Martin Rithouvius Bishop of Ipre hated by the Hereticks l. 5. p. 132. the Messenger of and the assistant in the Deaths of Count of Egmont and Count Horne l. 7. p. 52. Masius vide Iames. Masse l. 7. p. 67. l. 10. p. 16. St. Matthew the Evangelist his day alike fatal to Charles the fifth and to his son Don Iohn of Austria l. 10. p. 15. St. Matthew's Feast the birth-day to Charles the fifth and Don Iohn l. 10. p. 16. Matthias Arch-Duke of Austria brother to the Emperor Rodolph is elected Governour of the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 38. brought from Germany into the Netherlands ibid. Jealousies concerning his private departure l. 9. p. 39. he enters the Low-Countries ibid. upon how many conditions he is received Ibid. the form of obedience promised to him ibid. his flight to Antwerp after he heard the Newes of the losse of Gemblac l. 9. p. 53. by the States he is confirmed Governour of the Low-Countries among the Conditions of Peace l. 10. p. 14. they treat with the King to confirm him l. 10. p. 23. Maurice Count Nassau is born l. 4. p. 87. baptized with Catholick Rites but his Godfathers were Hereticks ibid. by the United Provinces substituted in his Fathers place ibid. the Companion of his Fathers fortunes l. 7. p. 42. dyes of grief for the seige of Breda l. 4. p. 87. Maurice Duke of Saxony l. 1. p. 8. marrieth his Daughter Anne to the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 53. Maximilian the first Emperor victorious at Guinigate l. 1. p. 15. marrieth Mary Dutchesse of Burgundy and Blanca Sfortza l. 1. p. 21. Artois and Burgundy are acknowledged to be his in the name of a Dowry l. 1. p. 15. both his wives killed as they were hunting l. 1. p. 21. Maximilian the second Emperour promiseth Philip the second of Spain to serve him with his best endeavours l. 4. p. 87. Disswades him from Invading the Low-Countries l. 5. p. 133. offers himself to arbitrate the Difference between the Governesse and the Covenanters ibid. writes to the Low-Countries to make a Peace ibid. by his Edict prohibits the Germans from bearing Armes against the King of Spain ibid. the Low-Countries desire to have him their Soveraign l. 5. p. 135. they sue for his Parronage l. 5. p. 138. the Governesse certifies him of the Low-countrey-mens Petition to be presented him at the next Diet l. 5. p. 140. his Daughter Designed for wife to Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 48. Maximilian brother to the Emperour Rodolph l. 9. p. 38. Maximilian a Bergen by Granvells means made Bishop of Cambray l. 2. p. 41. Celebrates the marriage-Masse at the Nuptialls of the Prince of Parma and Mary Princesse of Portugal l. 4. p. 94. Maximilian King of Bohemia Governes Spain for King Philip l. 7. p. 43. Maximilian Hennin Count Bolduc l. 1. p. 17. Admirall of the Belgick Seas l. 7. p. 69. attempts Valenciens l 6. p. 10. Convoyes the Queen into Spain l. 7. p. 69. is Governour of Holland he is sent by the Duke of Alva to the Brill l. 7. p. 72. repulst and his Fleet fired ibid. kept out of Dort ibid. defeated at Sea by the Covenanters and taken Prisoner l. 7. p. 81. Forsaking the Kings Party Commands the States Forces l. 9. p. 50. General for the Arch-Duke Matthias and the States at the Battel of Rimenant
his resolution But those Censurers were mistaken The Monastery of S. Justus Sex Aur. Vict. in Caius Czs. The Emperours new habitation Febr. 1557. His family and how accommodated His contempt of the world How be disposed his time His riding to take the air His gardening His making of clocks or watches Jannell Turrianus whose Mathematicall inventions be much delighted in His extraordinary care of his soul. Joseph Seguenza in the History of his Order l. 1. By the Bull of Julius 111. 1554. Marc. 19 He disciplined himself His whip reverenced by his son Aug. 30. 1558. Immediately he falls sick Barthol Miranda Soon after he died Sept. 21. 1558. His funerals ushered with Prodigies in heaven Observed by Ian. Turrionus present at the Emperours death And in earth How long he reigned Diverse reasons commonly given for his resignement The new Kings first care The Duke of Savoy made governour of the Low-countreys The Truce between France and Spain broken Febr. On what occasion Thuan. l. 22. Decemb. The French invade the Low-Countreys Ferdinand of Tolledo Duke of Alva Iune 1557. Aug. 1550. The Spaniard first was conquerour at S. Quintins Presently after the French recovered Caliâ—e Ian. 1558. The Spaniard hath another victorie at Graveling Fortune seconds valour Iuly 1558. The womens crueltie to the French A Treatie of peace between the Kings Concluded by mediation of the Dutchess of Lorain At Cambray the Peace-making city April 1556. To the generall contentment Charles the V. Francis the I. Aug. 1529. Alice the Kings mother and Margaret the Emperours aunt The Peace confirmed by marriage Of the King of Spain to the French Kings daughter The King of France his sister married at the same time to the Duke of Savoy A Tournament at the wedding Where the King is victor Gabriel Count de Mongomary but soon after wounded Dies July 2. 1549. His death foretold Luc. Gaur Thus. l. 22. Lod. Guicciard l. 3. The history of the Netherlands 1559. Anonym in that Hist. Thua l. 3. 22. Vidus Cavocius Francis Vivonus The judgement of prudent men upon the Kings fate A strange conjuncture this year of Princes funerals King of Rome Of Belgium or the Low-countreys It s Name 〈◊〉 Greatness Wealth Guicciardine in his description of the Low-countreys Cities Towns Villages Forts Militia Navigation Trade of clothing Inclination Adv. Jien in his Tract of Holland attributes it to the air they live in The Character of a Low-countrey man Belgium divided into 17 Provinces Which come to one Prince three wayes Philip the Good had them by affinity Meyer l. 17. Charles the Souldier by Purchase and the Sword Pont. Heut l. 1. But he lost some of them Paulus Aemil. l. 10. and Pont. Heut l. 2. Part Maximilian recovered by arms The same Authour in the same book and lib. 5. Part by Treaty Guic. lib. 1. 4. 8. Belcar l. 8. Charles the fifth possessed himself of all together Pont. Heut lib. 11. and 9. The same l. 11. and Meter Guic. lib. 16. and Pont. Heut lib. 11. And though to have made a Kingdom of them Guic. Meyer Why he did not The distribution of the Provinces 1546. 1556. The government whereof King Philip gave to the Lords Lucemburgh to Count Mansfield 1559. Namure to Count Barlamont Lymburgh to the Count of East-Frizeland Haynolt to John Lanoi Lord of Molembase But he shortly after dying it was bestowed on the Marquess of Berghen Flanders and Artois to Count Egmont French-Flanders to John Momorancy Tournay to his Brother Florence Holland and Zeland to the Prince of Orange 1559. Frizeland and Overysell to Count Arembergh Gelderland and Zutfen be as then assigned to no one But afterwards he sent from Spain a Patent to Count Megen to be Governour of both Marc. 25. 1560. And another to the Prince of Orange after the death of Vergius Jan. 16. 1559. to govern Burgundy Brabant reserved for the Supream Governour of the Low-countreys The ordering of the Militia Especially of the Horse Whose troops were famous througout Europe Their Commanders The Admirall Generall of the Ordinance The disposition of Bishopricks whereof there were onely four in all the 17 Provinces Many therefore had wished their number might be encreased Which Charles the fifth went about to do The reason why he desisted His son Philip attempts it Treats about it with the Pope Concludes with him Fourteen Bishopricks were to be added to the four former Whereof three Archbishopricks The men chosen for those Dioceses Of the Governour of the Low-countreys Various conjectures as is usuall with the people who should be the man The major part conceive Count Egmont will be elected a man of much same and merit Many think the Prince of Orange will carry it a man of greater power and wealth Not undeserving But he doubts a repulse Christierna of Lorain is also designed for the place With generall approbation But Margaret of Parma is preferred before them all What hindred Count Egmont What the Prince of Orange What Christiern of Lorain Cic. l. 2. de Oratore Of Margaret of Parma Her Mother Her mothers Parents Education Perfections The Emperour falls in love with her Delivered of Margaret Anno 1522. whom Cesar conceals for her mothers credit and his own But at last it was discovered The Infant is sent to be educated by the Emperours Aunt And afterwards by his sister 1530. Her disposition Her delight in hunting 1496. Cesar promises her in marriage to the Duke of Florence Breaking the match intended with the Prince of Ferrara 1516. 1529. Francisc. Maria Feltrio The Florentines labour to break the match But in vain The Nuptials celebrated at Naples Soon after at Florence With a strange Omen 1536. Her husband slain the same year 1537. His successour sues to Cesar for Margaret But he casts his eye on the house of Farneze And marries his daughter to Octavio Farneze Francisco Maria Feltrio With whom at first she corresponded not 1541. But afterwards He was indeared to her By means of his Absence and Hazzards 1545. Her love to him increased See the ninth Book Not without some instrvening jarres Her masculine spirit And manly exercises She was of a ready wit Wonderfull discreet And religious Especially at the Eucharist Her yearly Charity to the poor Which juncture of excellencies principally moved the King to make her Governess of the Low-countreys A second Cause thereof A third A fourth more secret perhaps more true The King after her instructions gives her a pension And in a Chapter of the Knights of the Golden Fleece 1516. 1433. 1429. He declares her Governess And commands to them Religion and Obedience Hears the Estates Requests And grants them Then his Majestie goes into Spain The Dukâ—â— of Savoy into Italy The Dutchess of Parma to Bruxells The Kings unseasonable departure out of the Low-Countreys before a perfect settlement was made The like inconvenience in Spain when Charles the fifth went from thence to Germany 1520. The Causes why writers differâ—
joyned Gelderland and Zutfen both which he first bought of Duke Arnold who disinherited his sonne Adolph that kept him six years a Prisoner then after the death of Arnold and Adolph he fought for them with the sonne to Adolph and wonne them in the field But Duke Charles being slain at the battel of Nantes and the French King Lewis the Eleventh prosecuting the Warre against Mary Daughter and heir to Charles this Principality was lessened by the loss of Artois to the French and many other little Towns in Burgandy And though Maximilian by his victory at Guinigate a little after his marriage with Mary restored divers of them to the Low-countreys yet when a peace was made between him and the French and Margaret Daughter to Maximilian and Mary espoused to Charles the Dolphin the Counties of Arâ—ois and Burgundy were in the name of her Dowre cut off again from the Low-Countreys But Margaret being refused by Charles when he came to the Crown after that refusall had revived the Warre Charles posting into Italy to the Conquest of Naples made a Peace with Maximilian and his sonne Philip returning Margaret and the Provinces he had with her to the Low-Countreys onely he kept the Forts in his hands which his successour Lewis the twelfth wholly bent upon the design of Millain rendered of his own accord But those of Gelderland and Zutfen submitting to their Lords and troubling the Low-countreys with incursions especially the parts about Utrecht Charles the fifth having overthrown Charles Duke of Gelderland entered upon them again by the right of Conquest But in regard the Warres often renued upon his occasion had been exceeding chargeable the Emperour annexed the Provinces of Utrecht and Overysell to the Low-Countreys Henry Baviere Bishop and Lord Utrecht willingly resigning them and defending Groin against those of Gelderland adding Cambray and Cambresey to the Province of Artois enlarged the Belgick Dominion At length after his victory at Pavia by an agreement made between the Emperour and the King the Low-Countreys were freed from the jurisdiction of the French King who formerly was their Lord Paramount so that Charles the fifth of all the Belgick Princes had the greatest and most absolute command Now most of these Provinces as once they had severall Lords so after they were subjected to one almost each of them had their severall and respective Laws and a peculiar form of government Which they say was the Principall cause that Charles the fifth when he was exceedingly desirons to mould these Provinces into a Kingdome which had been attempted by his great Grand-father gave off the designe because they were so different in manners language customes and emulation incident to neighbours that he thought it hardly possible to reduce them to one kind of government whereof a Kingdome must consist none of the Provinces consenting to yield precedence to any of the rest or to submit to the Laws of others as their superiours From hence was derived the custome for the Low-countrey Princes besides Governours of towns to place a Governour in every Province that should minister justice according to their Laws and Customes And King Philip was well pleased to have in his power the disposall of the Provinces in most of which the Governours places were void That he might remunerate the valour and service of the Lords so often tried in the late Warres He therefore pickt out the flower of the Belgick Nobility choosing none but such as either Charles his Father or he himself had made companions of the order of the Golden-fleece Lâ—cemburgh a Province bordering upon France and Lorrain and therefore more famed for slaughter then riches he gave to Ernest Count Mansfield who had formerly been Governour thereof He was born in Saxony for his military experience and fidelity to Charles the fifth and King Philip equally beloved of both Namures and Lymburgh neighbours on either hand to Lucemburgh very small Countreys but fruitfull he bestowed the one upon Charles Count Barlamont that with his four sonnes spirited like their father had been alwayes passionately for the King the other he gave to Iohn Count of East-Frizeland But Haynolt the seminary of the Belgick Nobility was not at this time given to the Marquesse of Berghen op Zoome what ever others write but to Iohn Lanoi Lord of Molembase who the next year dying Margaret of Austria Dutches of Parma supreme Governess of the Netherlands by her special letters to the King obtained that Province for Iohn Climed son in Law to Molembase and Marquess of Berghen more gracious with Charles the fifth then with his son In Flanders which they say is one of the Noblest and most potent Provinces of Christendome and Artois bordering upon Flanders he constituted Lamoral Prince of Gaure Count Egmont a great Commander That part of Flanders which because they speak Wallom or broken French is called French-Flanders and the City of Tournay thereunto appendent had for their Governours the Momorancies Iohn and Florentius this Lord of Mountain that of Courir But over Holland and Zeland and the parts adjacent that is the Districht of Utrecht Provinces of great strength by Sea and Land the King placed William of Nassau Prince of Orange of great authority in the Low-Countreys yet no Low-Countreyman To the government of West-Frizeland and Overysell the King advanced Iohn Lignius Count Arembergh conspicuous for his loyalty to his Master and his experience in Warre Gelderland and Zutfen formerly annexed to Gelderland were at this time distributed like the other Provinces among the Low-Countrey Lords as all Writers affirm Yet by their leave the truth was otherwise for the King at his departure thence disposed of neither of these Gâ—vernments I suppose it was because Philip Memorancie Count of Horn stood in competition for them who had once been Governour of both to whose pretension it was conceived Anthony Granvell Bishop of Arras was an adversary the King who confided in this mans judgement but yet wouâ—d not be present when the other should receive offence went into Spain leaving these Provinces without a Governour that so he might spin out the exspectation of Count Horn and weary him with a tedious suit And now tired indeed and hopeless to get it for himself he altered the name and petitioned in behalf of his Brother the Lord Montin intreating the Dutchess of Parma the Governess that she would please to write to the King in favour of his Brother She did so putting in his name among divers others by her commended to his Majestie but at the same time in cypher she wished the King to approve of none for that Command but onely Charles Brimed Count of Megen who was immediately chosen In no less an errour are they that affirm the King in this distribution to have assigned to the Prince of Orange the Dutchy
of Burgundy apperteining to the Belgick Princes when his Majestie approved and confirmed the present Governour thereof Claudius Vergius Lord of Champlitt and it was the year following when Claudius died that her Excellence of Parma by her letters to the King obtained Burgundy for the Prince of Orange The Provinces thus disposed for Brabant is never commanded by any but the Prince and his Vicegerent the supream Governour of the Low-Countreys the King began to order the Militia and leaving Spanish Garrisons upon the Borders he thought of disposing the Horse the proper Militia of the Low-countreys They say it is very ancient and was far more numerous Charles the fifth lessened it to three thousand but then he encreased it in the choise of Noble and valiant persons he armed them with half pikes and carabines which so well they handled as the Low-countrey Troops were famous over Europe Philip by his fathers example divinding the Horse into fourteen Troops appointed over them so many Commanders of the greatest of his Lords viz. all the said Governours of Provinces Courir and the Count of East-Frizland excepted Philip Croi Duke of Aresco Maximilian Hennin Count of Bolduke Anthony Ladin Count Hochstrat Iohn Croi Count Reux Henry Brederod Earl of Holland all but the last being Knights of the Golden Fleece These ordinary Troops the King used to draw out of their Quarters according to the emergencies of Warr. And King Philip by experience found these to be his greatest strength and best Bulwark against the valour of the French But the command of the Sea and the Royall Fleet he left still in the hands of the old Admiral Philip Momorancy Count Horn Philip Staveley Lord of Glaion he made Master of the Train of Artillery both highly meriting in Peace and War and therefore at the same time admitted by his Majestie into the order of the Fleece There yet remained a part of the Republick by how much the more noble and sacred by so much the more tenderly to be handled To the seventeen Provinces full of People because foure Bishops they had then no more were not thought enough the King resolved to increase the number I find it was endeavoured by Philip Duke of Burgundy Prince of the Low-Countreys he that instituted the Order of the Golden Fleece and dying bequeathed the establishment thereof to his Son Charles sirnamed the Fighter or Souldier from his continuall being in arms which altogether transported and took up the mind of this warlike Prince Nor had Philip grandchild to Charles the Fighter Son to his onely daughter and Maximilian King of the Romanes more leasure to pursue it by reason of the new troubles of the Kingdoms which he had in right of his wife Ioan daughter and heir to Ferdinand the Catholick King And though Charles the fifth sonne to Philip made it his business and put some threds into the loom yet the great distractions and war of the Empire intervening the work was often at a stand and war upon war rising in Europe and Africa rather deprived him of the means then affection to accomplish it Unless perhaps the Emperour grew slack lest the erection of new Bishopricks should straiten the jurisdiction of his uncle George of Austria Archbishop of Leige Yet among his last commands he particularly left this in charge to his sonne Philip. I my self have read a letter written in King Philips own hand to his sister of Parma wherein he sayes He is induced at that time especially to increase the number of Bishops because the Cities and Towns of the Netherlands daily grew more populous and Heresie from their next Neighbours crowded in and got ground of them and that his Fathers Counsel and Command had made deep impression in his mind who taught him this as the onely way to preserve Religion in the Low-Countreys The King therefore assoon as he was respited by the War sent to Rome Francis Sonnius a Divine of Lovain a great learned man who not long before had disputed at Wormes with Melanchthon Illyricus and others by command from the Emperour Ferdinand giving him in Commission together with Francisco Varga the Kings Ambassadour to acquaint Paul the fourth with his desires After some moneths when the business had been debated by a Court of seven Cardinals it was accordingly granted The Pope inclining of himself to destroy heresie and neglecting no occasion of gratifying King Philip to whom he was lately reconciled So that he appointed fourteen Cities in the Low-Countreys besides the foure former for Bishops-sees whereof three were honoured with the Prerogative of Archbishopricks that is Cambray Utrecht upon the Rhine and Maclin preferred before the others at the Kings request which seated in the heart of Brabant near the Princes Court at Bruxels he had designed for Anthony Perenott Granvell purposely translated from the Church of Arras thither because that mans being near the Court seemed to concern the publick In this manner the Popes Bul was penned and sent by his Nuntio Salvator Bishop of Clusino and Francis Sonnius going for the Low-Countreys who was enjoyned to see the Decree executed but in other things belonging to the revenues and limits of Jurisdiction they were to do what to themselves in their discretions seemed meet King Philip having received authority made an excellent choice of men for the new Myters all famour for the learned books they had written as likewise for their virtues and deportments in the Councel of Trent Such Bishops the Pope joyed to approve of and the people were ashamed not to admit And because the King would no longer defer his voyage into Spain he left the care of limiting and endowing the new Churches to Granvell and Sonnius for the Popes Nuntio was to follow his Majestie Before his departure the King summoned the Estates of the Low-countreys to Gant many were of opinion he would there declare a Governour for the Low-Countreys which he had till then declined though others imputed the cause of that delay to the Kings nature perplexed and doubtfull whom to trust with the Government Which procrastination daily added to the number of Competitours and to the discourses of lookers on Many of which according to their severall dependencies made sure accompt their friends and Patrons should carry it and together with this belief cherished their own hopes Divers that aimed at no private advantage did not so much named a Person as a Governour being ambitious to be Statesmen though it were but in giving imaginary votes as if they should have their part in the Government if they could but think of disposing the Provinces and fill a vancant place by predesigning him that should be chosen But Count Egmont was the man on whom the Low-Countreys fixt their eyes and wishes a Prince conspicuous for his experience in the Warrs and very active either in the field
was in dispute if the Governess had conditioned That so long as their neighbours were in arms so long the borders should have their Cities besides their own train-bands kept with forrein Garrisons Certainly they had in generall such a longing to be rid of the Spaniards as they would have agreed to any terms whatsoever and afterwards the Governess might easily have suppressed the tumults with those forrein souldiers But being then ingaged in troubles the Dutchess endeavoured to compose them for the present Unless perhaps she were deterred from entertaining forrein souldiers by the emptiness of the Exchecquer fearing in that great want of money if their pay should fall short forreiners would mutiny more dangerously then the natives which from their Princes hand might divers wayes receive correction The publick joy of the Low-countreymen for the departure of the Spaniards was accompanied with private joy at Court for Granvels being created Cardinall and the solemnity of the Prince of Orange's marriage solemnized in Saxony whither many of the Lords were gone along For whilest he was present at the marriage of his sister he had there concluded a Match for himself his first wife Anne Egmont being dead with another Anne daughter to Maurice Duke of Saxony wherewith he preacquainted the Governess Who at first disliking his marrying into a Lutheran family assured him it could never be approved of either by his Majesty or her self that he should have a Lady born in a Lutheran Court not onely bred an heretick by her father long since deceased but whose zeal would be dayly inflamed by her fathers brother Augustus who succeeded Duke Maurice in the Electorate and by her mothers Grandfather Philip Lantgrave of Hessen But the Prince of Orange perswaded her Excellence he had taken order for that and by way of prevention had agreed with Augustus Guardian to the Lady Anne that he would not marry her unless she turned Catholick and that Augustus and she her self under their hands and seals had Articled as much though Philip her Grandfather was against it refusing the condition of altering her religion because he had a design when that marriage should be broke off under colour of Religion to match his own daughter to the Prince of Orange To this purpose he had treated with him by letters promising for his daughter that he would accept the condition of her renouncing the Lutheran faith So little account they make of abusing Religion whose profit is their God The plot being discovered and greivously complained of by Augustus Philip replyed said the Prince of Orange That he being but poor and the father of many children it was not unhandsome for him to receive conditions from another but it would be a dishonour for the Duke of Saxony a Prince Elector to have William of Nassau give the Law to him and therefore he had refused the condition for his Neice and accepted it for his Daughter but this answer was not satisfactory to Augustus therefore to prevent him he resumed the Treaty with the Prince of Orange And when the Prince of Orange had often professed That nothing was or could be so dear to him as his soul and honour and duty to his Prince the Governess at last consented But yet she gave no leave to the Governours of Provinces to accompany the Prince of Orange which he made his suit because she had use of their service at home the French being in arms upon the borders Notwithstanding lest he should depart discontented she permitted the rest of the Nobility to go with him And in the head of that gallant Troop he rode to Saxony followed by Florence Memorancy Lord of Montiny who in the name of the Dutchess of Parma visited the Bride and presented her a diamond ring The Prince of Orange at Liepswich a city in Saxony having celebrated his marriage in the beginning of August where the King of Denmark was present and divers other Princes of Germany immediately returned into the Low-countreys renuing his promise to the Governess touching his wives Religion Which Promise he as truly performed as she did the Faith she had sworn to him in marriage being thirteen years after taken in adultery and sent back into Germany by the Prince who married Charlotte Bourbâ—n daughter to the Duke of Mompensier But his new marriage feast was kept in Holland with more pomp then joy by the Prince of Orange offended at Granvels scarlet which he had long forborn to wear but now the Prince found him in his robes For Pius the fourth made him together with seventeen others Cardinall of the Sacred Romane Church this year upon the twenty sixth day of February and within twelve dayes after the messenger brought the news into the Low-countreys soon after came one to Machin that was to present Granvell letters from his Holiness and a Cardinals hat But Granvel put off the receiving of those honours till he knew the Kings pleasure He therefore dispatched a messenger into Spain I suppose because he was sensible that the Governess had used means to procure him this dignity without acquainting the King with the contents of her Letters to the Pope Indeed she had not onely concealed it from his Majesty who she knew would like well of it but from Granvel himself Though it had been long in agitation between her and the Pope as she afterwards wrote to the King Therefore fearing the King would conceive him to be obliged onely to the Dutchess Granvel would not accept that honour without his Majesties consent and as it were from his Royall hand Perhaps he had some little doubt that the Dutchess at one time or other would take occasion by reason of that Ecclesiasticall advancement to remove him from the Civill Government And therefore he thought it fit to wait for the Kings approbation who by a speciall and strict injunction had commended him to the Governess But whatsoever he thought the Dutchess liked not his demur upon it and therefore answered his letter to this purpose That she condemned not his resolution but her opinion was he should have done better to have put on his Cardinals Robes without delay nor did she doubt but he would find the King of Spain of the same mind and that he would receive with his Majesties Letters his Command to force him to it And though she was very glad the Popes Nuntio as Granvel wrote to her took it in the best sense Yet he must have a speciall care that neither the Nuntio nor any of his servants should write to Rome lest the Court there should take occasions to cavill at this kind of modesty or lest the Pope should take offence as if his gifts should have their estimation from another In the mean time she heartily joyed him of his honour which was joyned with so much good to Religion and the King to which ends she had endeavoured it
nearly concerned to preserve Religion then greatly indangered in France and they very well affected to the cause had laid their designes the Queen Regent by the by propounded some Marriages wherein she would have ingaged her Daughter but the Queen of Spain and the Duke of Alva returned thereunto no absolute answer reserving the finall determination of all things to King Philip. Lastly upon occasion of an Embassadour sent from Soliman the Turkish Emperour to renew the league between King Charles and him the French spake of renouncing the said League and that their King should joyn with King Philip and the Emperour against the common enemie But this though it was opportune took no effect the Queen of Spain declining all overtures but onely concerning Religion which she at the Duke of Alva's earnest motion again commending to them after they had imbraced and kissed they took their leaves The Hereticks that guessed at their intentions exceedingly fearing lest by the meeting of these Princes as by the conjunction of malevolent Starres was portended some fearfull storm that would fall upon their heads And indeed that great massacre of the Hugonots which seven years after was acted at Paris was they say plotted at this meeting which I will neither denie nor affirm Though I am rather inclined to believe that the mutuall succours which since this time we see have been often sent by the French into the Low-countreys and from thence into France against the Rebells to Religion and their Prince together with the marriage five years after solemnized by King Charles and Elisabeth daughter to the Emperour Maximilian were concluded at this conference For King Philip in the fore-mentioned letter gives an intimation of mutuall assistance to be from thenceforth given to expell heresie out of their Kingdomes and plainly faith the Queen had not directly declared her self against the marriage but left a door open to a new consulation since in regard of their tender years the young Prince and Princesse he being but fifteen and Princesse Elisabeth eleven might very well stay a good while before they married In the beginning of March Count Egmont came to Madrid contrary to the exspectation and command of his Majestie who would have had his journey put off I suppose because the Governess had informed him that the Count was willing to go in hope of his private advantage Yet the King received him very graciously answerable to the quality of so noble a person and so great a Generall famous for many victories and often with good approbation heard him move for relief to the publick necessities of his Countrey Nay when he descended to his particular affairs the King granted his suit almost in every thing Finally his Majestie gave him large instructions in writing for answer to the Governess and that he might resolve upon more certain grounds he advised in that which concerned Religion with Divines which to that purpose waited on him In that Assembly of learned men I have heard one that was present say The pietie of the King was admirable For having summoned the greatest Schoolmen and Casuists and demanding their opinions touching the Libertie of Conscience which some Low-countrey Towns so earnestly petitioned for when many of them considering the present condition of the Low-countreys said That for the avoiding of a greater evil much to be feared in Cities ready to revolt and shake off Obedience to their Prince and to the Orthodox Faith his Majestie might without offending God allow his subjects the free exercise of their Religion He replied That he sent not for them to instruct him whether such a Permission were lawfull but whether it were necessary And when they told him they saw no necessity then the King in their presence kneeling before a Crucifix And I said he pray and beseech thy Divine Majestie thou King of all men O God that thou wilt please to keep me alwayes in this mind that I may never care that the men which deny thee for their Lord may either be or be called my Subjects and then he opened his determination concerning Religion in those Letters which I told you were delivered to Count Egmont But before he had his dispatch the King dealt plainly with him That he was not a little offended at the last conspiracie of the Lords when they gave the Coats and Cognizances wherein they aenigmatically threatned Cardinal Granvel that especially Egmont reputed the Authour of that invention might therein have shewn if not more fidelity at least more discretion But Count Egmont faithfully assured his Majesty that it was mere mirth and childish sport at table to make a jest to laugh at in their cups not to be feared by any man that done he omitted not to accuse the Cardinall as the principall cause thereof because he daily mustered those of his faction against the Nobility and therefore deserved to be requited with the like Assemblies Yet in these meetings and this he often confirmed by oath they did not so much as think of any thing contrary to their sincere Allegiance to his Majesty Nay if he had found any of their party an Enemy to the King he himself would have been first though he were his own brother that should have stabbed him to the heart This Discourse having passed between the King and Count Egmont of all which the King by a private Letter certified the Governess Instructions were given to the Count thus indorsed Instructions of those things which thou Prince of Gavera Count of Egmond our Cousen and Counsellour in affairs of the Empire art commanded in our Name to communicate to Our Sister the Dutchess of Parma The summe of his large Instructions was this At his arrivall in the Low-countreys after he had saluted the Governess from the King and returned her his royall thanks for her good Government of those Provinces and for sending into Spain the fittest man to negotiate for the Low-countreys he was to deliver her this answer from his Maiesty That in the first place he was struck with unutterable grief to hear of the growth of Heresie and that he was firmly resolved and would have the whole world know that he would not suffer it within his Dominions though he were to die for it a thousand times Therefore he desired the Governess to call a Senate extraordinary to which divers Bishops should be summoned particularly Rythovius Bishop of Ipres with the like number of Divines and such Counsellours as stood best affected to Religion and their Countrey The pretended occasion should be to examine the Councel of Trent but the reall meaning to find out an Expedient how the people might be kept in their ancient Religion how their children might be virtuously bred up at School how to proceed in punishing Hereticks by some other course that might take off the odium not that he meant to pardon them for that he neither resolved to
England to his Marriage with Queene Mary at his returne he created him Knight of the Golden-Fleece and made him Grandvenâ—ur or Justice in Eyre and Governour of Haynolt In which Province because he seemed not according to his duty seriously to advance the Catholique cause though he himselfe was seriously a Catholique the Governesse was then much displeased with him and a few months after his Decease being for the same attainted of High Treason he was condemned by the Duke of Alva The Governesse receiving the newes of his Death speedily that is within eight dayes written as I said from the Prince of Ebolo immediatly before the Report could be divulged sent Mandevill with a select Company of Fire-locks framing a Letter to the Lady-Marquesse of Bergen That she heard the Hereticks of that Towne offended with the late Edict endeavoured some Innovation therefore she had in haste dispatched Souldiers to guard her and the City to make them the welcomer had chosen out of her Ladiship 's Vncle Beavor's Regiment Captaine Mandevill whom She had commanded to receive Orders from her Ladyship Her Husband 's Death she mentioned not lest it might lessen the Favour and move a suspition of the thing intended But when she sent away the Captaine being a man of approved Fidelity she discovered to him that hee was in the King's name to possesse himselfe of the Towne He should indeed serve the Lady-Marquesse in any thing that might be for her safety but if she refused his Souldiers or commanded them to depart the Towne he must tell her he could not doe it without acquainting the Governesse In the meane while by writting Letters and expecting Answers he should spinne out the time till his Majesty expressed his absolute pleasure For the Prince of Ebolo from the King and afterwards the King himselfe had writ to the Governesse that she was to bring the Marquesse's cause to a Triall and if he were found to have been privy to the Tumults and Rebellion his Estate should be confiscated otherwise it should descend to his Heires The King added in his own Hand That whereas the Marquesse had declared his Sister's Daughter his Heire who was said to have no good Catholique Education the Governesse should find meanes to get her out of her Father's hands and breed her till she were married to that Kinsman unto whom the Marquesse had by his will disposed her The City she forthwith seized but the young Lady her Mother was a great while fearefull to deliver And after the Governesse had been present at the Procession wherein the Body of our Lord and Saviour was carryed through Antwerp then solemnized with more exquisite preparations and Pompe then ever and followed with such multitudes and Reverence that one would thinke they had not so much as conversed with Hereticks her Excellence leaving Count Mansfeldt and 13. Companies in the Town with the rest and a great Traine of Lords returned to Bruxells there to expect the Duke of Alva whose coming every day more afflicted her and many that loved him not aggravated her distaste telling her that by his Pride all which she had with so much paines and wisdome reconciled and composed would be presently put into confusion and he would make Troubles which it might be thought he was come from Spaine to quiet whilst the Honour Settlement only due to the governesse would by his vaine-glory be numbred among his Triumphs The Governesse therefore not only expressed to the King her Resentment in her Letter by Gaspar Robley but likewise writing to the Duke of Alva to congratulate his Arrivall at Millaine she let him understand the State of the Low-countryes and wished him to advise whether it would not be a greater Act of prudence to disband part of his Army then by those unseasonable Forces and Expences to irritate the Low-countryes which were now reduced to Obedience such a Remedy in most mens Iudgements being too strong for the Disease But the Duke of Alva pretended the King's command And the Prince of Ebolo by Robley who was dispatched from Spaine about the end of Iune answered her That the King was carefull of his Sister's Estimation purchased of all the world for governing the Low-countryes with so singular wisdome in so dangerous times taking Cityes subduing Rebels and at length vigorously reducing all the Low-countryes to their Religion and Loyalty Nor was Alva sent to rob her of any part of that glory wholly appropriate to her Highnesse but that by serving her with his endeavours and counsells what was gained might be preserved with lesse troubles to the Governesse and no envy that could reflect upon her for punishing of Delinquents But nothing so much satisfied her as the King's-Letter sent by Lopius Gallus after Robley's departure wherein giving thanks to his Sister for so industrious and wise an Establishment of Peace he said he would shortly better expresse those thankes in person longing exceedingly to be an Eye-witnesse of her vertue And among other commands injoyned her to have in readinesse at least eight Sayle of Ships to meet him whensoever an Expresse came of his weighing Anchors And the Governesse in good earnest provided the Shipps the Senat decreeing that for the King 's happy Voiage publique Prayers should be made which neverthelesse his majesty meaning to stay at home needed not as some said comparing him to Tiberius Caesar who gave out from day to day that he would leaue Rome and suffered the Empire diverse times to make the like supplications for his good Journey and Returne long busying the Roman Provinces with that Expectation But the beliefe of the King's Expedition was to be maintained with such new Scenes or else the Play would have been spoyled Howsoever the Duke of Alva equally distastfull to the Nobility and the People would have been much worse received by the Low-country-men if they had not perswaded themselves by these appearing hopes that the King himselfe would shortly follow And now the Duke of Alva having perfectly recovered his Health when he came to Ast tooke the generall Musters of his Army which being greater in worth then number though feare among the timerous had multiplyed the very number he found to consist of 8700. Foote and but 1200. Horse For the Duke cared not for multitude which commonly is a hindrance to the March but desired to have stout men and valiant hands not many names meaning afterwards to increase them more opportunely in the Low-countreys where without danger he might adde to his old Army as to a body strong in nerves and bone as much young flesh that is untrained Souldiers as he pleased The Foot in a manner all Spanish he distributed into foure Legions in regard they were raised out of foure Provinces commanded by so many Spanish Colonels conspicuous for their abilities in warre Alphonso Vlloa
Daughter this is the Infanta Katherine married to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy he consented to her Departure from the Low-countreys professing he allowed of it as his Sister's desire not for the benefit of the Provinces for the governing whereof wisely and undauntedly in times of the greatest difficulty hee gave thanks to her vertue in selected Words promising aboundantly to remunerate the Service Vpon the receipt of this Expresse her Excellence delivering to the Duke of Alva his Commission for the Government of the Low-countreys sent by the same Machiavell out of Spaine and giving notice to the Spanish Embassadours with the Emperour the French King and Queene of England that they might informe those Princes of her going she wrote to the Estates of the Low-countreys that some things which she could heartily have wish'd to have spoke in a publique convention before she departed from the imbraces of her people must be supplied since now she had no further Power from the King to summon them by her Letter wherein setting down briefly but not sparingly nor falsly all she had done in her nine yeares Government and by what meanes the Troubles continuing for two yeares past were before the end of April so composed that she had reduced all the Low-countreys by the Help and Advise of the good Subjects to the King's Obedience She prayed them unanimously to endeavour the preservation of the State in the same condition and to persist in the Religion of their Ancestours and their Allegeance to their Prince from whose merey it was to be hoped that even the Tratours themselves would be gently punished That she had in her Letter to the King delivered her Opinion concerning it and would write againe to the like effect before she departed from them nor would she heareafter faile to use her utmost power with her Brother for the Good and Peace of the Low-countrey-men whom she so intirely loved And accordingly a while after she wrote in this manner to his Majesty Sir The happy Delivery of my Lady the Queene for which good newes I humbly kisse your hand rejoyceth me beyond expression to see the propagation of that great Bloud worthy of immortality But that whilst you give me leave to depart you are pleased to increase your royall Favours by adding that for my Governing these Provinces to your mind you your selfe so much it pleases your Clemency to descend are greatly obliged to me I must confesse nothing could more content me since in all I have done I only proposed to my selfe your Majesties satisfaction that being the Rule to all my actions And if I have my End I must accompt my Labour gloriously bestowed I will not deny but in this almost nine yeares space I have gone through many and grievous Difficulties most of my Counsellours being either at variance among themselves out of their ambitions Emulation or their Fidelities by me suspected at least their Enmity to the Spaniard so that it was inconvenient for me not to heare their Advise and not safe to follow it Yet that amidst all this darkenesse and the subsequent Tempest of Rebellion the Common-wealth was steered and peaceably brought into the Harbour by a woman's hand but by no humane influence it is only which I I must acknowledge and reverence your Piety for whose sake the Divine Goodnesse hath assisted me in governing the Low-countreys for you But now since by Gods grace things are reduced to such a condition that nothing remaines but to punish the Authors of the Troubles I cannot omit to signifie to your Majesty what it is that may chiefly overthrow this present happy State Feare of punishment threatned by such an Army as it hath caused many despairing of Pardon to fly into other Countreys to the great prejudice of this so I doubt it will force the rest whilst their flight is stopped and they as it were besieged in the Low-countreys to breake out into more dangerous Factions and Insurrections Terrour is not the way to beget reverence in the Low-countrey-men They that advise this rigid Course I wish I may be deceived will purchase Spaine more Envy then Authority I am sure it will bring to the Low countreys first eivill Warre then forreiene Forces and finally Desolation Therefore I most humbly beseech your Majesty that in contemplation of God's Mercy and your own you will contract Revenge into a few Examples and rather desire the Repentance then the Punishment of your Subjects So God Almighty long preserve your Majesty and the Queene my Lords the Princes and your little Daughter In the meane time the newes flying about that the Governesse was to goe away there came dayly from all parts of the Lowcountreys men of the best quality in the name of the Provinces professing their own Griefe and the generall Losse and praying earnestly as the manner is for her happy Journey The neighbour Princes by their Letters and Embassadours did the like but they were all exceeded by Elizabeth Queene of England who should hereafter as she writ want the neighbour-hood of so good and deare a Sister perhaps out of love to the Governesse or it may be out of hatred to her Successour the Duke of Alva In February when she was ready to set forth the King having assigned her a Pension of fourteen thousand Duckets and the Duke waiting upon her to the Marches of Brabant the Low-countrey-Lords into Germany she arrived safe in Italy where in a mighty concourse of People her Husband the Duke of Parma in great State received her who left in the Low-countrey-mens hearts a deep Impression of her goodnesse which the following calamities so much augmented as they stuck not in the presence of Alva and Requesenes which Princes Successours seldome heare to make an honourable glorious and almost upbrayding mention of her Actions Nay at Doway when Margarett Dutchesse of Parma out of her love to Learning repaired the Franciscans Colledge and that her Armes as the Custome is were set over the Gates the People never passed by but they bowed and put off their Hats But their Longing then principally shewed it selfe when the Low-country-men writing to the King earnestly desired to have the Dutchesse of Parma for their Governesse againe as there only Stay and help in their Afflictions And soone after the Death of Don Iohn of Austira she with her Son Alexander joyned in Commission returned to governe the Low-countreys The Historie of the LOW-COVENTREY WARRES The seventh Book THUS farre I have writt of the Lowcountreys though not flourishing in Peace yet not imbroyled in continued Warre Howsoever their Troubles were composed at last and their antient Tranquillity restored Now I must open the prospect of a History where you will read the publique Rebellion of the Provinces great armies on both sides greater Hatred many Generalls Souldiers falling in the Quarrell Nor am I ignorant that the Cause of all
fifth perceived when after the Resignment of his Kingdomes returning out of the Lowcountryes into Spaine he grieved exceedingly to see the Nature and Education of his Grandchild then but eleuen yeares old But King Philip having tryed many Remedyes at last made experience of the Vniversity of Alcala sending his Son Charles thither accompained with Don Iohn of Austria and Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma in hope that conversing with such a confluence of learned men as his body by the change of ayre so his mind might recover by the change of Company but Prince Charles being removed from his Father not from himselfe the sicknesse of his mind altered not with the Place but somewhat increased by an accident for falling form a high Ladder he pitched upon his Head and hurt his braine so dangerously as the Physicians despairing of his life they were ready to lay him out when the Body of the blessed Didacus being brought into his Chamber as he was a dying King Philip who had come post from Madrid vowed that if the already beatified Didacus recovered the Prince he would be an earnest Suiter to the Pope to give him the title of Saint Whereupon immediately beyond all expectation he was restored to life But this wrought no cure upon the Manners of the phantastique youth altogether differing from his Father Which made King Philip more harsh towards him and the Prince better pleased with any thing then his Fathers Sight This Aversenesse grew as the Prince did and the King dayly more offended and distrustfull of his Son from time to time put off the Match concluded beweene Prince Charles and the emperour Maximilianâ—s Daughter forbidding him to meddle with Affayres of State in that point of time when the Prince thought it but a modest Ambition for a youth of twentie two to expect the Crown From hence sprung his Hatred to his Father's Favourites and Counsellours which he thought were Spyes over him and told all he did to the King advising his Majesty to deferre the Match and to lay Commands upon him not to act in publique businesse for which hee somtimes threatened them with Revenge From hence likewise sprung his Favour and Patronage of such as hee knew had offended his Father and were by him deserted especially the Low-countrymen whose Embassadours the Marquesse of Bergen and the Lord Montiny were very gratious with him and often privately called into his Bedchamber and it is reported he defended their Cause more passionately then became him making them a Promise that he would himselfe goe into the Low-countreys to settle those Provinces And whereas the Governesse formerly complained to the King that many Letters of high concernement written to his Majesty in Spaine were returned into the Low-countreys to their hands against whom they were written I thinke it not improbable that it might proceed from that Familiarity betwene the Prince and the Low-country-Embassadours Sure I am when the Duke of Alva being to goe for the Low-countreys tooke his leaue at Court and came to kisse the Prince's Hand his Highnesse cast a terrible frown upon him and replyed No man should go thither but himselfe And when Alva said that he was sent before by the King to quiet the Tumults raised in the Lowcountreys where it was not safe to venture the Heire apparent to the Crowne The Prince in a rage drew his Dagger saying I will prevent thy Iourney The Duke hardly declined the Blow and when he saw the furious youth strike at him againe grasped him hard betwene his Armes in the posture of a suppliant kneeling and beseeching him not to offer Violence to an old and faithfull Servant but still notwithstanding his youth and fury the Duke held his Hands till the noise of their Strugling brought in the Waiters that were but on the other side the Hangings then the Prince withdrew From this time he resolved whether his Father would or no to passe into the Low-countreys and from thence to Germany to his Mistris acquainting his vncle Don Iohn of Austria and two others with his Resolution earnestly desiring them to go along Don Iohn shewing him how difficult it was and indeed impossible to be effected when he saw his perswasions wrought not and found the Prince obstinately bent upon the voiage imagining the King would know it by some other to whom the rash inconsiderate youth would impart his Counsell he himselfe ingaged the King by the Discovery fearing if he kept it secret he might be held accessary to the Princes Flight The King commending Don Iohn's Fidelity and being informed of his Son's Intention by many others and lastly by Raymont De Tassis his Majesty's Principall Secretary hearing that he had layed Horses at severall Stages for the Speeding of his Iourney remained in a sad suspence yet before he would fix his resolution his Majesty commanded Prayers and Supplcations to be made in all Churches of the Towne and desired the Advise of certaine great learned men well knowne unto him The Opinion of Martin Azpilcueta Doctour of Navâ—rre the famous Casuist for this of all the rest I have only seene was briefely that the King could not without grievous sinne neglect the safety of his Kingdome but it would be neglected if he permitted the Prince to go away who afarre off and therefore more confidently and and publiquely handying against his Father would distract the Kingdome into Factions and Partyes just as it hapned to Charles the seventh of France upon the difference betweene him and his Son Lewis when he fled into Burgundy But the Father was put out of his doubts by his Sons hast who as Raymond brought word had appointed the next day for his Departure Therefore the King would no longer deliberate but taking a long the Prince of Ebora the Duke of Feria and two others about tewlve a clock at night entred his Son's Bedchamber who was fast asleepe and taking away his Sword which he had laid under his Pillow baâ—e him rise immediately and blaming him that having frustrated so many gentle Remedies used by his Father he had forced him to a sharper course but more seasonable for his Son he opened his Cabinets and tooke out his papers discharged his old Servants and gave the Prince in custody to some of his owne chusing And now the unfortunate Prince who but a while since was continually waited on by the Lords and Grandees of Spaine striving to kisse his Hand seeing himselfe guarded by a few men and those Enemies that observed his words his looks and almost dived into his Thoughts after six Months when he found his Father not moved with Embassages in his behalfe from the Princes of Europe and Petitions presented from his own Kingdomes falling into a Sicknesse caused partly by an obstinate Refusall of his Meate partly by his sometimes intemperate eating and drinking Wine too much cooled in Snow
Mother of a Trouble But now Alexander Farneze acquainted his Majesty with those three last Requests made by Don Iohn and earnestly sollicited the King's Grant Of himselfe and of the Governement intrusted to him he wrote little rather like one declining then ambitious of the Honour Only he exaggerated the danger of the Catholique Army the French being entred into Haynolt and the States Army ready to besiege their Campe so that in this desperate Condition of Affaires only his Fidelity to the King compelled him rather undauntedly then ambitiously to receive that burthen Although as I conjecture not so much the present Danger which was indeed very great as his doubtfullnesse of the King's mind held Alexander Farneze in suspence For he feared lest his Majesty laying aside the care of Armes should call back his Mother into the Low-countreys where she was popular and therefore fit to conclude a Peace or that upon certaine Conditions which were now in Agitation he should confirme even the Arch duke Matthias in the Governement To which He might be easily perswaded by some that were no frends to the glory of Alexander Farneze And truly as David Secretary to the Duke of Parma wrote from Spaine in Cypher to Prince Alexander there wanted not some at Court that objected many Considerations to the King for breaking off that Designation I believe because they thought it Imprudency to trust Alexander Farneze with an Army at that time when his Son a boy of a great witt and it seemed capable of the greatest fortune pretended to the Crowne of Portugall especially when not without an Affront to Spaine that proud Nation desired to be governed by an Italian But the King looking upon the Vertue of Alexander Farneze and considering him as his Sisters Son cut off the Subiect of this discourse praising the choice Counsell of Don Iohn And presently by Letters to Prince Alexander his Majesty first gave him without any Exception the Governement of the Low-countreys and Burgundâ— with the Militia of those Provinces all which he prolixly commended to his Nephew's Faith and Worth To Don Iohn's last Requests he breifely answered That he would not be unmindefull of his household Servants when Alexander Farneze should certify him too as afterwards he did of every particular man's Deserts That he had long respected his Mother which should be done more publiquely hereafter As indeed it was For his Majesty that yeare sending for her into Spaine very graciously received her and within a few Months honourably disposed of her in the Royall Cloister of Saint Cyprian Where after she had lived foure yeares among the Nunnes nobly attended by Maides of her owne going for her health to take the ayre at Laredâ— she there religiously dyed Although I must not conceale from the Reader What a man of Eminence discovered to me touching the Mother of Don Iohn not Barbara Blomberg as to that day the World believed but a farre more noble Lady to say the truth a Princesse for saving of whose Reputation Charles the fifth would have another named and getting Barbara Blomberg to act the Mother's part and take upon her the glorious Title of the fault it was afterwards followed by King Philip to maintaine the Scene So King Philip himselfe told his Daughter Isabella to whom he imparted all his Secrets which she at diverse familiar Conferences communicated to that Person of whom I had it If this be true I must confesse there is no trusting humane Knowledge When so great a Prince that used to discover the very thoughts of his Enemyes should live and dye so blinded in his owne Parentage and in himselfe and being twice deceived in his Mother should still aske Blessing of a wrong Woman never of her that bore him Concerning Don Iohn of Austria's supposed Brother his name was Pyramo Câ—nrado the King wroteback that Alexander Farneze should observe the inclination of his mind and how he demeaned himselfe He did so and replyed That the youth had beene sent into Burgundy so follow his Booke but that within a few dayes leaving his study and falling into some Deboshes he was by Don Iohn's Command committed to the Tower from whence after his Brothers Death the Youth wrote him a Letter that since he was not made for a Scholler neither his Fancy nor Abilityes agreeing with that course of Life he would please to set him at Liberty and make a Souldier of him and then he hoped to give a fruitfuller account of himselfe and Prince Alexander certified the King that he thought no lesse therefore beseeched his pleasure might be signifyed where the Youth should be imployed in his Majestyes Service It pleased the King that he should learne his first Elements of Warr under Alexander Farneze assigning to the young Souldier 50 Ducats a Month. Lastly the King consented to the translating of Don Iohns Body into Spaine by what Way and in what Manner Prince Alexander should appoint The Prince of Parma committed that Charge to Gabriel Nignio Zuniga Master of the Horse to Don Iohn commanding him to convey the Corps through France and by meanes of the Spanish Embassadour at Paris to get a Passe from King Henry for some of Don Iohn's Servants that were to returne into Spaine without any mention of the Body which he would have secretly carryed to avoide those vast Expences and ceremonious Contentions of Magistrates and Priests at City-Gates that vsually way-lay the Progresses of Princes whether alive or dead And therefore made it be given out that the Body went with the rest of Don Iohns Household through Italy Nay to avert the least Suspicion he caused him to be tooke in pieces and the bones of his Armes Thighes Leggs Breast and Head the Braines being taken out with other the severed parts filling three Mailes were by Nignio and the principall of the Convoy being about 80 brought safely into Spaine Where the bones being set againe with small wiers they easily rejoynted all the Body which being filled with Cotton armed and richly habited they presented to the King Don Iohn intire as if he stood only resting himselfe upon his Commanders Staffe looking as if he lived and breathed This Sight having for a while renued Court-Sorrow the Corps was carryed thence into the Church of Saint Laurence at the Escuriall and buryed according to his last Desire by his Father the Emperour Charles the fifth Alexandder Farneze likewise in the Church at Namure where his Vncles body had beene deposited leaving a Monument thereof to Posterity applyed his whole minde and incleavours to keepe the remaining Provinces in the King's obedience Then he sent Agents Letters to the Catholique Princes of Europe holding it requisite to let them every one know that Governement was consigned to him by his Majesty minding therâ— of the danger of the Royall Party not too sollicitously lest he should raise
132. l. 6. p. 24. as keth the Duke of Alva what punishment he thinks due to the Gantois l. 7. p. 39. his words concerning the magnitude of Gant ibid. and the nature of the Low-countrey men l. 6. p. 23. he thinks of reducing the Low-countreys into the form of a Kingdome l. 1. p. 15. why he forbare to do it p. 16. how he amplified the Principalitie of the Netherlands ibid. he meant to have encreased the Bishopricks of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 17. why he went not on with his defigne ibid. Charles the fifth Prince of Burgundy abrogates the innovation of taxing the Low-countreys at the hundreth part l. 7. p. 69 70. he prepares Edicts and Arms against the Lutberans l. 2. p. 34. l. 9. p. 42. his Decrees and Edicts published l. 4. p. 96. they are thought to be severe and breach of priviledge to the Brabanters l. 5. p. 98. they are defended l. 5. p. 104 105. qualified l. 5. p. 106. sent into Spain l. 5. p. 114. He begets his daughter Margaret at Ondenard in the Law-countreys l. 1 p. 20. and Don Iohn of Austria at Ratisbone in Germany l. 1. p. 16. with whom he is compared p. 19. he espouseth Margaret to Alexander Medices l. 1. p. 21. and after his death to Octavio Farneze p. 22. his wife Isabella of Portugal l. 10. 17. by whom he had Philip the second l. 9. p. 43. his parity and disparity with King Philip l. 2. p. 38. his daughter Mary l. 7. p. 43. he makes his Will at Ausburg l. 1. p. 10. prepares to resigne his Kingdoms p. 3. Creates his sonne Philip master of the Order of the Golden Fleece ibid. gives him the Low-countreys and Burgundy l. 1. p. 4. then all his Kingdomes p. 5. repeats his own actions l. 1. p. 4. His speech at the resignment of his Kingdome to his sonne ibid. he gives away the Empire p. 5. he sends the Imperiall Crown and Scepter by the Prince of Orange to his brother Ferdinand ibid. l. 2. p. 44. his desire to transfer the Kingdome of the 〈◊〉 to his son Philip l. 1. p. 5. from Zeland be weighs anchours for Spain ibid. The ship he sailed in after he was landed sunk immediately ibid. his words when he came on shore ibid. a suspicion that his mind was changed l. 1 p. 5. he visites Charles Prince of Spain p. 6. builds himself a house adjoyning to the Monastery of St. Iustâ—m ibid. his family and furniture l. 1. p. 6. his daily exercises in that solitude ibid. his Whip or discipline died in his bloud much reverenced p. 7. he keeps the anniversary of his mothers death ibid. he celebrates his own Funeralls ibid. falls sick l. 1. p. 7. discovers his son Iohn to King Philip l. 10. p. 17. dies religiously l. 1. p. 8. The prodigies at his death l. 1. p. 8. the years of his Government ibid. the severall conjectured Causes of his Resignation l. 1. p. 8. Charles of Austria Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 43. his nature ibid. not approved of by his Grandfather Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 6. his education l. 7. p. 43. l. 10. p. 18. sent to Alcala l. 7. p. 43. falls from a ladder ibid. is recovered by the help of St. Didacus l. 7. p. 43. Isabella daughter to Henry the second of France is designed for his wife l. 7. p. 45 68. so is the daughter of the Emperour Maximilian p. 68. how unlike he was to his father l. 7. p. 43. his hatred to his fathers favourites ibid. his patronage of the Low-countrey men l. 6. p. 22. l. 7. p. 43. his purpose to steal away for the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 44. which he imparted to some friends ibid. discovered to his father by Don Iohn l. 7. p. 44. he endeavours to fright the Duke of Alva from his Low-countrey expedition ibid. being to take horse in the morning he is in the night seized on by his father l. 7. p. 44. committed to his chamber p. 45. his infelicity ibid. and Death p. 45. the causes of his imprisonment and death ibid. He Don Iohn and Alexander Farnâ—ze compared together l. 10. p. 18. Charles Count Barlamont Governour of Naâ—â—â—e l. 1. p. 16. the asserror of Religion l. 10 p. 5. his sonnes ibid. his known fidelity to the King l. 1. p. 25. l. 3. p. 69. l 10. p. 5. one of Granvels party l. 4. p. 81. manifests his readiness to take arms for the King l. 5. p 129. informs the Governess what the Knights of the Order had designed l. 3. p. 69. when Duke Areschott and Count Egmont fell out he mediated between them l. 3. p. 72. his vote against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. he gives the name of Gâ—enses by way of contempt to the petitioning Covenanters l. 5. p. 109. takes the Oath of allegiance l. 6. p. 11. is by force taken out of the Senate and imprisoned in Bruxels l. 8. p. 20 dies at Namure l. 10. p. 5. his Obsequies ibid. his Encomion ibid. Charles Boisot Governour of Zeland sent by the Prince of Orange into Duveland l. 8. p. 10. slain by the Royallusts p. 13 St. Charles Cardinall Borromeo l. 8. p. 1â— Charles Brime Count Megan Governour of Gelderland and Zurphen l. 1. p. 17. l. 2. p. 41. gives the Governess intelligence of the Lords conspiracy l. 5. p. 99. and of souldiers levied in Saxony l. 7. p. 47. discovers to her the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. his vote in Councel l. 5. p. 103. sent before by the Governess to quiet the sedition at Antwerp l. 5. p. 118. and to the Buss and Maâ—strieht l. 6. p. 2. Megen printed Mela takes the Oath of Allegeance l. 9. p. 11. beats the Covenanting Rebels out of Amsterdam l. 6. p. 19. drives them into Waterland ibid. is highly favoured by the Governesse p. 48. governs Frisland in the place of Count Aremberg deceased ibid. l. 7. p. 58. his Votive montment at Swoll in Leovard l. 7. p. 48. he dies ibid. Charls Croi Marquess of Haure returns from Spain to the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 19. sent by the Deputies of the Estates with an Army to Antwerp l. 8. p. 22. commands a Wing of Horse at the battel of Giâ—â—slac l. 9. p. 50. Charles Davalo son to Vastius Captain of a troop of Horse in the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30 Charles Egmont Duke of Gelder l. 1. p. 19 Charles Farneze twin-brother to Alexander Farneze l. 9. p. 43 Charles Fugger a Colonell betrayed by his souldiers l. 9. p. 48 49 Charles the seventh of France his difference with his son Lewis l. 7. p. 44 Charles the eighth of France what an Oath he forced upon the Pisans and Florentimes l. 9. p. 34 Charles the ninth of France l. 3. p. 58. at Baion l. 4. p. 8â— his marriage with Elizabeth daughter to the Empâ—rour Maximision l. 4. p. 88. he desires assistance against the Hereticks l. 3. p. 55 56. his victory l. 3. p. 61. he
Brunswick raiseth men l. 5. p. 100. the King of Spain appoints him to command the horse l. 5. p. 132. he is disswaded from the service l. 5. p. 134 Ernest Mulart pursues the Fugitives with a Galley l. 6. p. 19. Escovedo vide Iuan Eucharist preserved from the contumelies of Hereticks l. 9. p. 40. taken after meat by speciall indulgence â— 2. p. 7. Saint Eugenius Bishop of Toledo and Martyr l. 5. p. 132 Euscaubechius Commander of the Confiderates horse l. 6. p. 1. Eustachius Fiennes Lord of Esquerd one of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 109 Excomunication l. 1. p. 9. l. 3. p. 56 57. l. 4. p. 81 32. Example of unfortunate beauty l. 10. p. 3 4. of a Prince beloved of his servants l. 10. p. 21 22 Exile of the Duke of Alva and the cause l. 7. p. 81 82. his banishment repeal'd l. 7. p. 82. the exile of Count Lumè l. 7. p. 80 Expedition of the Duke of Alva against Lewis of Nassau l. 7. p. 54. by sea l. 7. p. 74. 81. to Portugall l. 7. p. 32. of Don Iohn designed for England l. 9. p. 29 36. Of Gemblac l. 9. p. 49. Of Granada l. 10. p. 19. Of Limburge l. 10. p. 1. His navall expeditions l. 9. p. 49. l. 10. p. 19. Of Charles the fifth v. Charles Of Charles the ninth of France against the Hugonots l. 6. p. 34 35. Of the Governess against Bolduc l. 6. p. 2. against Maestricht ibid. Against Tolouse ibid. Against Tornay and Armenter l. 6. p. 7. Against Valenciens l. 5. p. 143. Of the Hugonâ—ts l. 6. p. 26. The Prince of Orange his first expedition out of Germany into the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 46. Another to relieve his brother Lewis l. 7. p. 75. By Sea l. 8. p. 10. Of the States of the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 23. Of Requesâ—ens to Middelburge by sâ—a l. 8. p. 1. For Leiden l. 8. p. 6. For Zeland l. 8. p. â— Sentences in E. EASILY may he avoid the spoile's hands that never hath allur'd an envious eye l. 8. p. 24 ELOQUENCE without discretion is but the unseasonable overflowing of wit l. 2. p. 40 The Great body of an EMPIRE must be spirited with a great soul and maintaineâ— by many hands l. 1. p. 1 Expedition must be used whilest the Multitude have onely a taste of ERROR and have not swallowed down the falshood l. 5. p. 113 F. FAbio Farnezè goes for the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 41. he is sent into Portugall l. 10. p. 13 Fabio Lembo a Nâ—opolitan l. 5. p. 114 Falcese the Marquess l. 8. 11 Famisht l. 7. p. 79 56 Farnezâ— v. Alexander Charles Fabio Margaret Princess of Manjua Octavio Odovardo Ranuccio Fatness of body taken down l. 8. p. 15. Federicke King of Denmark l. 3. p. 53 Federicke Perenot Lord of Campin governour of Antwerp brother to Cardinall Granvell l. 8. p. 17 22. the falling out of him and Count Altemps l. 8. p. 17. he receives into Antwerp souldiers sent from the States l. 8. p. 22. He fortifies the Town against the fort ibid. He is Generall of the States Army at the siege of Breda l. 9. p. 48. Commander for them in chiefe at the battell of Gemblac l. 9. p. 49. by command from the Prince of Orange he is imprisoned at Gant l. 10. p. 9. Federico de Toleda grandfather to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 82. Federico Son to the Duke of Alva brings him men and money from Spain l. 7. p. 58. sent by his 〈◊〉 against the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 61. goes to besiege Mons l. 7. p. 74. sights with the French that would hinder him from sitting down before it ibid. punishes the women spies ibid. Takes the Abbie de Spine ibid. fights with the French Generall and defeates him ibid. stormes Zutphen and plunders it l. 7. p. 77. takes all the Towns in Gelderland ibid. burns Nardhem in Holland l. 7. p. 78. Besieges and takes Harlem ibid. is carried out of the field wounded l. 7. p. 80. Attempts Alâ—mer in vain l. 7. p. 81. returns into Spain with his father ibid. Ferdinand King of Castile l. 8. p. 15 Ferdinand the Catholick King l. 7. p. 82 Ferdinando Gonzaga Governour of Millan and Generall for Charles the fifth l. 6. p. 30 Ferdinand the Emperour holds a Diet at Francfort l. 3. p. 71. dies l. 4. p. 87. His daughter designed by the King of Spain for wife to Alex Farnezè l. 4. p. 91 Ferdinand Martin an incendiary l. 7. p. 50 Ferdinando de Toledo Duke of Alva l. 1. p. 11. l. 2. p. 38 46 49. Favours Cardinall Granvell l. 4. p. 80. waits upon Isabella Queen of Spain to the conference at Baion l. 4. p. 88. carries the order of the Fleece from King Philip to Charles the ninth of France ibid. His speech for war with the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 23 24. The government of the Low-Countreys committed to him l. 6. p. 25. falls sick at Millain l. 6. p. 27. musters his army at Ast in Piemont l. 6. p. 29. His march into the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 9. His invention of the use of Musketoâ—nes l. 6. p. 31. l. 7. p. 55. He enters Bruxells l. 6. p. 31. visits the Governess l. 6. p. 32. how she receives him ibid. He summons the Lords ibid. Arrests the Counts Egmont and Horne l. 6. p. 33. Excuses it to the Governess l. 6. p. 34. sends the prisoners to Gaunt l. 7. p. 49. sends forces into France against the 〈◊〉 l. 6. p. 35. offers himself to be their Generall ibid. why the causes of the Low-countrey-tumults are charged upon him l. 7. p. 39. upon what score the Low-countrey-men hated him ibid. 51 58. He builds the Fort at Antwerp l. 7. p. 40. 41. Institutes a new Court of Iustice ibid. Impeaches the Prince of Orange and the rest of the Lords that fled the Low-countreys ibid. condemns them l. 7. p. 42. sends the Prince of Oranges sonne into Spain ibid. pulls down Culemburge house ibid. Ambush laid against him l. 7. p. 46. Auxiliaries sent him from the King of France l. 7. p. 47. He take off the heads of the gentlemen Covenanters l. 7. p. 48. the extent of his fault in prosecuting Egmâ—nt and 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 51. He pronounces sentence of death against them ibid. beheads them l. 7. p. 52. His expedition against Lewis of Nassau l. 7. p. 54. He goes to Groninghen ibid. fights and routs him ibid. over-takes the enemy at Geming l. 7. p. 55. defeats him with a great slaughter l. 7. p. 56. sends the news of his victory to Pius the fifth at Rome l. 7. p. 57. punishes the Sardinan Regment for burning the Countrey ibid. contemns the reports of the Prince of Oranges Army l. 7. p. 58 59. his saying touching the Princes confederate against the King of Spain ibid. He could not fright the Prince of Orange from passiing the River ibid. would not accept the Prince of Oranges
with prayers and humiliation ibid. informes the King of France of the Hugâ—nots preparations ibiâ— and the Emperour of the Low-countrey-mens Petition that was to be presented at the Diet ibid. she enlargeth the Militia of the Low-Countries ibid. 141. puts rubs in the Way of Lewis of Nossau l. 5. p. 142. writes to his Majesty what the Covenanters had done ibid. admits not the Covenanters with their new Petition ibid. Grants them nothing l. 5. p. 143. sends Commanders to Bolduc or the Bus to settle the Commotion l. 6. p. 2. Commits the Expedition to Count Mâ—gan ibid. prevents the Designes of Thâ—lose ibid. sends Beavor to fight him who defeats Tholose l. 6. p. â— Commands the Valencenians to receive a Garrison l. 6. p. 5. upon their refusal Declares them Rebels l. 6. p. 6. anticipates the plot of those of Torney and Armiater l. 6. p. 7. subdues them both ibid. besiegeth Vâ—lâ—nciens by Norcarmius l. 6. p. 8. takes it l. 6. p. 10. forceth the Governours of Provinces and the Lords to take an Oath of fidelity to the King l. 6. p. 11. punisâ—eth Brederod that refused it ibid. p. 12. and Hoâ—â—strat ibid. sends Bertius to the Prince of Orange ibid. refers the Maestrichters to Norcarnius l. 6. p. 15. why she would not condescend to the Bishop of Liege that interceded for them l. 6. p. 16. the Bus fears her Forces ibid. she denyes pardon to the Antwerpers unlesse they render the Town l. 7. p. 17. enters Antwerpâ— a kind of Tryumph ibid. p. 18. restores things Sacred ibid. orders the Civil State Ibid. is hardly won to adoâ—â— the Embassadours of the Heretical Princes of Germany ibid. what Answer she gave them ibid. p. 19. she Commits to Prison the chief of the Covenanters taken by her Souldiers ibid. puts Garrisons into the Townes rendred l. 6. p. 20. fines them ibid. Designs Forts to be built ibid. re-adotnes the Catholick Churches ibid. destroyes the Heretical Temples ibid. restores all the Low-Countries to their ancient tranquillity ibid. she holds it necessary for the King to come in Person into the Netherlands l. 6. p. 21. endeavours to perswade him from his preparation of Armes against the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 27. takes Begen op Zoom in the Kings name as soon as she hears of the Marquesse of Bergens death l. 6. p. 28. is troubled at the Newes of the Duke of Alva's coming ibid. pleased again with the Kings Letters l. 6. p. 29. makes ready a Fleet to meet the Kings in his Voyage for the Low-Countries ibid. makes publick supplications for his prosperous Expedition ibid. she is offended with the Duke of Alva's too large Commission l. 6. p. 31. humbly intreats the King to discharge her of the Government ibid. what she thought of Egmont and Hornes Captivity l. 6. p. 34. she prayes the King to Licence her Departure from the Low-Countries ibid. â—n the interim she is very vigilant in the Civil administration ibid. by her Edict stayes the Low-Countrey men that were leaving of their Native Soyl Ibid. Conceives another Edict in favour of the French Embassadour ibid. receives power from the King to leave the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 35. rites to the Estates of the Low-Countries ibid. w 36. and to the King concerning herself and the present Condition of the Netherlands and in commendation of the Low-countrey-men ibid. surrenders the Government to the Duke of Alva l. 6. p. 35. the Ceremonies used at her departure by the Neighbour Princes and Cities l. 6. p. 37. and by the Low-countrey men themselves ibid. she leaves the Netherlands ibid. 〈◊〉 Annual Pension given her by the King the great love shewed towards her after she was gone ibid. the Low-countrey-men desire her again ibid. l. 7. p. 69. the King Resolves to send her with her Son Alexander into the Low-countries l. 9. p. 47. Margaret of Austria daughter to the Emperour Maximilian the first and to Mary Dutchesse of Burgundy betrothed to Charles the Dolphin of France l. 1. p. 15 21. And so Charles the fifth mediates and makes a Peace betwixt him and Francis l. 1. p. 12. Governesse of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 21. she breeds up the Governesse Margaret of Parma ibid. Margaret Farneze Princesse of Montua l. 9. p. 44. Margaret Sister to Henry the second of France marryeth Emmanuel Duke of Savoy l. 1. p. 13. goes into Italy l. 1. p. 26. Margaret of Vallois sister to Francis the first of France wiâ—e to Alibret King of Navarre l. 3. p. 55 57. how she came to hate the Pope l. 3. p. 55. the Ostentation of her wit ibid. what she did to advance Heresie in France ibid. p. 63. she undertakes the Patronage of the Hereticks l. 3. p. 55. dyes a Catholick ibid. Margaret of Valois sister to Charles the ninth goes to the Spaw l. 9. p. 34. her marriage with Henry King of Navarre l. 7. p. 76. Margaret Vangest mother to Margaret of Austria l. 1. p. 20. her Birth Education and Beauty ibid. the Emperour falls in love with her ibid. Mary Queen of England marryed to Philip the second Prince of Spain l. 1. p 3. l. 3. p. 71. A five years Truce by her endeavors concluded between Charles the fifth and Henry the French King l. 1. p. 3. she purgeth her Kingdome of Heresie l. 2. p. 36. her Death l. 1. p. 12 13. Mary of Austria sister to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 3. l. 5. p. 106. wife to Lodwick King of Hungary l. 1. p. 14. l. 1. p. 21. Governesse of the Low-Countries ib. l. 3. p. 52. l. 6 p. 3. for her love to hunting called the Foresttresse l. 1. p. 21. she educates Margaret of Parma ibid. resigns the Government of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 5 11. the Emperour used her to move that his son Philip might be King of the Romans l. 1. p. 5. she goes with her brother to Charles the fifth into Spain ibid. her beloved Villa l. 9. p. 57. her death l. 1. p. 14. Mary of Burgundy wife to the Emperour Maximilian l. 1. p. 16. killed with a fall as she was hunting l. 1. p. 21. Mary Daughter to Charles the fifth Governs Spain l. 7. p. 43. her grief conceived upon the Commitment of Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 46. Mary Cocquamb mother to Margaret Vangest l. 1. p. 20. Mary Princesse of Portugall daughter to Iohn the third of Portugal and wiâ—e to Philip the second of Spain l. 4. p. 92. Mary Princesse of Portugall daughter to Prince Edward Grandchild to King Emmanuâ—l l. 4. p. 91 92. designed for wife to Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma ibid. her Nobility ibid. her Wit and Litterature Ibid. Sanctity of Life ibid. precisenesse of Chastity ibid. she weighes Anchor from Portugal ibid. 93. is persecuted with a tempest Ibid. why she would not send one to salute the Queen of England ibid. she Courts an Heretical Lady Ibid. arrives in the Low-countreys l.
Belgick Provinces against the Romans l. 7. p. 70. of the Moores against the King of Spain l. 6. p. 22. of the Hugonots against the King of France l. 6. p. 26. by the Prince of Orange in the Low-countries attempted and matured l. 7. p. 70. the Rebel Cities receive from him Governours Lawes and Imposititions l. 7. p. 72. from whence the Low-Countrey men and the Prince of Orange had their occasion of Rebeling l. 2. p. 48. l. 7. p. 70. first from the Cause of Religion l. 5. p. 133 134. l. 6. p. 1. 7. 11. then from Taxes layed upon them l. 7. p. 71 73. afterwards from the Mutinous Spaniards vide Gentlemen Covenanters l. 8. p. 20. Recovery of Cities Revolted from the King l. 7. p. 77. of Mons ibid. its description ibid. of the Province of Limburg l. 10. p. 2. its delineation l. 10. p. 1. Reformed vide Religion Reformed Regiment of Naples l. 6. p. 30. of Sardinia cashiered and punished l. 7. p. 58. a magnanimous one of the Royallists l. 8. p. 11. a Squadron of Walloones l. 9. p 50. vide Army Register of the Empire l. 1. p. 2. Regâ—ard vide Simon Religion holds forth Worship to God and Peace to men l. 2. p. 33. Preserver of peace and tranquility ibid. holds the People in due obedience l. 2. p. 46. the manner of advancing it in the Low-countries l. 1. p. 18. Penal Edicts against irreligion l. 2. p. 49. l. 4. p. 96. the Cognizance of the Cause of Religion to whom it appertains l. 2. p. 33. l. 4. p. 84 85. l. 5. p. 105. against the Violaters thereof what provision was made l. 2. p. 33. 'T is injured by Luther ibid. the League for Religion approved of by the Hereticks l. 5. p. 138. Religion commended by the Emperour to the Estates of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 4. by the King to the Covernesse and Estates l. 1. p. 27. l. 4. p. 83 90 96. a Conspiracy against l. 5. p. 141. wrong offered to it l. 1. p. 9. l. 5. p. 113 116 121. Scandalous Libels against it l. 4. p. 77. l. 5. p. 112. hatred to it l. 3. p. 56. l. 8. p. 8. the Cause of the Low-countrey War l. 1. p. 3. l. 9. p. 1. 9 30. its Restitution by the Governesse l. 4. p. 83. l. 5. p. 130. l. 6. p. 18 20. by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 64. a new oath formed against it l. 5. p. 107. l. 9. p. 39. liberty of Religion sought for in the Low-countries l. 5. p. 99 102 119 129. extorted l. 9. p. 41. Consultations concerning it l 1 p. 18. l. 6. p. 15. Religion Reformed secured in the Low-Countries l. 5. p. 127. Councels held in France and the Low-countries to destroy it l. 2. p. 46. the Prince of Orange makes use thereof to keep Townes against the Spaniards l. 10. p. 5. vide Gheuses the Disturbers of the Catholick Religion l. 5. p. 134. Revolters from it l. 9. p. 37. Men of doubtful Religion l. 3. p. 75. the Religious turned out of the Low-Countrey Cities l. 5. p. 132. l 9 p. 40 41. their Monasteries l. 2. p. 30. plundered l. 3. p. 64. l. 5. p. 122 127 137. Reliques of Saints preserved from fire and ruine l. 10. p. 5. more valued then Jewels l. 4. p. 94. Remedies seasonably applyed l. 8. p. 19. sometimes bettered by Contempt l. 4. p. 79. and rash in precip tated misfortunes l. 10. p. 21. the best when one Man Governes l. 8. 16 17. the Remedy of imminet Mischief l. 5. p. 112 113. Rene daughter to Lewis King of France married to Hercules Duke of Ferrara l. 1. p. 21. her daughter designed for Wife to Alexander Farneze l. 4. p. 91. Renatus son to Henry of Nassau Clande Chalon l. 2. p. 43. Rendition of Low-countrey Cities and Provinces to the Spaniards l. 6. p. 11. l. 9. p. 52. of many places to the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 73. of Oudenaerd l. 7. p. 75. of Brill l. 7. p. 70 72. of Mons l. 7. p. 73. of Dendermund l. 7. p. 75. of Centron ibid. of many Towns to the Royallists l. 7. p. 77 78 l. 8. p. 8. of Bommen l. 8. p. 13. of Bovines l. 9. p. 53. of Cimace l. 9. p. 57. of the Abbey d' Espine l. 7. p. 74. of Dallhem l. 10. p. 3. of Harlem li7 p. 78. of Limburg l. 10. p. 1. of Nardâ—us l. 7. p. 78. of Sichem l. 9. p. 54. of Maestricht l. 8. p. 21. of Valenciens l. 6. p. 10. of St. Valerey l. 7. p. 46. of Zeriezee l. 8. p. 13. of Zuitbeverland l. 7. p. 78. of â—utphen l. 7. p. 77. of Aloost l. 8. p. 18. Rentey a Castle of Artois l. 8. p. 4. Reputation l. 5. p. 110. Republick of the Hollanders how great and from how small beginning l. 1. p. 1. l. 7. p. 73. Of the Hereticks Instituted by the Covenanters l. 5. p. 138 142. advanced by Piracy l. 7. p. 73. their Fleet most commonly victorious ibid. Requesenes vide Berlingâ—erio Lodovico his son Galceâ—anâ— and Lodovico Commendador of the Knights of St Iago Restorer of lost liberty an attribute given to the General of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 109. Revolt of Cities and Provinces from the Spaniard l. 7. p. 72 73 l. 9. p. 37. Sollicitors of the Low-Countrey mens Revolt l. 7. p 71 73. Reux rendred to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 57. Ryne a River of Holland l. 8. p. 7. Roan taken by the French l. 3. p. 61. Rich mens unhappy fortune l. 8. p. 24. Rimenant a Village l. 10. p 9. the Battle ibid. Risorius Nohoc layes a plot against the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 46. from Iuliers passes the Moes ibid. Robert Brederod enemy to Cardinal Granvell l. 2. p. 41. stands for the Archbishoprick of Cambray ibid. Robert Melodune Viscount Gant l. 9. p. 5. Robert Stuart Commander of the Scots at the Battle of Rimenant l. 10. p. 10. Roderick Gomez a Silva Prince of Ebolo one of the Lords of the Privy Councel to the King of Spain l. 2. p. 38. of great power with his Majesty l. 3. p. 8. l. 6. p. 22. his Contest with the Duke of Alva at the Councel Table and in Courr Ibid. his opinion touching the Kings Expedition into the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 23. He advertiseth the Governesse of the Marquis of Bergen's death l. 6. p. 27. and that she must bring his Cause to a Tryal ibid. writes to her in the Kings name of the Army that was to march into the Low-countries Ibid. and acquaints her with the Cause of the Duke of Alva's coming l. 6. p. 29. attends the King at the Commitment of Prince Charles l. 7. p. 44. jeeres his Rival the Duke of Alva for erecting to himself a Statue l. 7. p. 65. Roderick de Toledo a Colonel carried out of the field wounded into the Camp l. 7. p. 80. Rodolph the second Emperour by his Embassadour obligeth himself to